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NLM DDQflTflm b
ARMY MEDICAL LIBRARY
FOUNDED 1836
WASHINGTON. D.C. 
DUE TWO WEEKS FROM  LAST DATE 
 
/
THE
MEDICAL  AND SURGICAL  HISTORY
OF THE
WAR  OF  THE REBELLION.
           (1861-65.)
prepared, in accordance with acts of congress, under the direction of


      Surgeon General JOSEPH K. BARNES, United States Army,
   WASHINGTON:
government printing office.
      1870. 
2.E4







 v.l.




 o'.L  . 
                                  WAR  DEPARTMENT,
                                        Surgeon General's Office,
                                                     November 12, 1870.
     In the first year of the War it became evident  that the form of Returns of
Sick and Wounded, then in use, were insufficient and defective; and, on May 21,
1862, measures were taken by the then Surgeon General of the Army, Wm. A.
Hammond, to secure more detailed  and exact reports of sick and wounded, by
important modifications in the returns from  medical  officers.  On June 9,  1862,
the intention to  prepare for  publication a Medical and  Surgical  History of the
Rebellion was announced to the Medical Staff, in a Circular from the Surgeon
General's Office.   On July 1,1863, a Consolidated Statement of Gunshot Wounds,
by Surgeon J.  H. Brinton, U. S. Volunteers, then  in  charge  of  the Surgical
Records, and Curator of  the  Army Medical Musuem; and  on September 8,
1863, a  Report  on Sickness  and Mortality of the Army during the first year of
the War, prepared by Assistant Surgeon J. J. Woodward, U. S. Army, in charge
of the Medical Records, were published by this Office.
     The necessity for a thorough revision of the Returns of Sick and Wounded
becoming apparent, a Medical  Board was assembled for this purpose, in July,
1862, and subsequently the following order  was promulgated:

                           [CIRCULAR No.  25.]
GENERAL ORDERS 1              AVAR DEPARTMENT,
                    \                  Adjutant  General's  Office.
      No. 355.       j                         Washington, November, 4, 1863.
     Medical Directors of Armies  in the field will forward, direct to tbe Surgeon General,
at Washington, duplicates  of their reports to their several Commanding Generals, of tbe
killed and wounded, after every engagement.
     By order of tbe Secretary of  War:
                   (Signed:)                  E. D. TOWNSEND,
                                                   Assistant Adjutant General.

                                   Surgeon  General's Office,
                                           Washington, D. C.t Nov. 11, 1863.
     To carry out  tbe intentions of the above order, Medical Directors of Armies in tbe
field will  detail suitable officers, wbo will, under  their instructions, collate and prepare for
transmission to this  office, all obtainable statistics and data in connection with past and
386.8? & 
IV
PREFATORY.
future  operations of those armies, which may be  essential  or useful  in  the accurate
compilation of the Medical and Surgical History of the War.
     Particular attention  is called  to tbe following  points: Tbe  morale  and sanitary-
condition  of tbe troops;  condition and  amount of medical and hospital supplies, tents,
ambulances, etc.; tbe points at or near tbe field where tbe wounded were attended to;
degree of  exposure of' wounded to wet, cold, or heat;  adequacy of supplies of water, food,
stimulants, etc.:  mode of removal of wounded from field to field hospitals; to what general
hospitals tbe wounded were transferred, by what means and where; the character and
duration of  the action, nature of wounds received,  etc.   When  practicable, separate
casualty lists  will  be made  of commissioned officers, non-commissioned officers, and
privates.  The attention of all medical officers is earnestly directed to tbe importance of
this  subject;  without their cooperation no reliable  record  can be preserved—tbe vast
experience of  the  past will remain with individuals, and be lost to tbe service and  the
country.
                                                J. K.  BARNES,
                                                     Medical Inspector General,
                                                         Acting Surgeon General.

     To  faciHtate the  collection and preservation of all important  information,
medical officers serving with regiments in the' field were  furnished,  in  January,
1864, with  a  compact and portable  Register of  Sick and  Wounded, and the
following instructions were  issued:

                              [CIRCULAR LETTER.]

                                        Surgeon  General's  Office,
                                             Washington, D. G'., January 20, 1864.
     Tbe Register of Sick and  Wounded hitherto in use in the U. S. A. General Hospitals
is hereby discontinued.  In lieu thereof will be substituted two Registers for each General
Hospital,  viz.:
     1.  A Register of Sick and Wounded.
     2.  A Register of Surgical Operations.
     In tbe former the appropriate entries will be  made whenever a patient is admitted
into  hospital, and during his subsequent  stay therein; and, to assist in tbe preparation of
this  Register, a new form  of Bed-Cards has been adopted.
     In tbe "Register of Surgical Operations," will be entered, minutely and in detail, the
particulars of  all operations performed, or treated in hospital.  These entries should be
made by tbe medical officers in charge of wards.
     The above Registers  and  Bed-Cards are now  in tbe hands of the Medical Purveyors,'
ready for issue, and you are directed to make immediate requisition for the same, adopting
them as soon as  received.
                                                     J.  K.  BARNES,
To tbe Surgeon-in-cbarge  of-------                         Acting Surgeon  General.
       U. S. A.  General Hospital. 
                                  PREFATORY.  #                               v

     In February, 1864, separate Reports were ordered to be made  for Sick and
 Wounded Rebel Prisoners of War, and for White and Colored Troops, in order to
 obtain  with greater facility the sickness and mortality rates of each.
     A  Classified  Return of Wounds and  Injuries received in Action, a Report
 of Wounded, and a Report of Surgical  Operations, were adopted in March, 1864,
 and distributed with the following circulars:

                             [CIRCULAR LETTER.]

                                       Surgeon  General's Office,
                                             Washington, D. G, March 23,  1864.
     Medical Directors of Armies in tbe field  will issue tbe "Classified Return of  Wounds
•and Injuries  received in Action," to tbe Chief Medical  Officers of Corps and Divisions,
 who will see that they are properly distributed.
     This form, correctly filled up by tbe Senior Medical Officer of the command engaged,
 will be  transmitted, in duplicate, through tbe proper  channel, to the  Medical Director of
 tbe Army within three days after  every action.
     Tbe Medical Director  of tbe Army will, as soon as possible, forward to tbe  Surgeon
 General a Consolidated Return of  all Casualties, according to tbe same form.  He will, at
 the same time, transmit one copy of all Duplicate Returns  received from bis subordinate
 Medical Officers.
                                                   J. K. BARNES,
                                                        Acting Surgeon General.
                             [CIRCULAR  LETTER.]

                                       Surgeon General's Office,
                                             Washington, D. C, March 28, 1864.
Sir:
    You are hereby directed to  fill up the accompanying  " Report of  Wounded" and
" Report of Surgical Operations "  for tbe months of January, February, and March, 1864.
    Tbe  Report of Wounded will consist  of an accurate and legible copy of all cases of
wounded entered on tbe Hospital Register  during tbe quarter.
    Tbe  Report of Surgical Operations will  consist of a correct copy of the Register of
Surgical Operations for tbe same period.
    A list of wounded  remaining  under treatment on  the 31st December, 1863, in the
hospital under your charge, and on furlough, is enclosed; you are directed to fill up tbe
column " Result and Date," opposite tbe respective names.
    Additional details for the present quarter, of "Surgical Operations remaining under
treatment December 31, 1863," you will report on appended slips of paper.
    Blank  sets  of Reports on Secondary Haemorrhage, Tetanus, and Pyaemia, are also
enclosed.  These you will fill up in the usual manner.  Should no such cases have occurred
in the hospital under your charge during tbe time specified, you will so state in your letter
of transmission. 
VI
PREFATORY.
     All of tbe reports above alluded to will, when compiled, be forwarded directly to the
Acting Surgeon General.
     By order of  tbe Acting Surgeon General:
                                                     C. H. CRANE,
Medical Officer in charge of-------        .                    Surgeon U. S. Army.
       U. S. A. General Hospital.

     Contemporaneously with the  establishment  of a more accurate  system  of
Medical and Surgical reports, a pathological collection was commenced, which,
under  the charge  of Surgeon J.  H.  Brinton,  U. S. Volunteers,  and Assistant
Surgeon J. J. Woodward, U. S. Army, became the basis of the Army  Medical
Museum, itself, as it now exists, an eloquent and instructive history of the Medicine
and Surgery of the War, and without which no history could have  been com-
pletely illustrated.
     The announcement of  this project was cordially responded to  by  Medical
Officers throughout the service; and the list of contributors comprises the names
of many most eminent for zeal and ability in the  discharge of their duties under
the Government, whose honorable records are identified with this work.
     The following Circular was  published more  to secure  a certain  class  of
specimens, than to  stimulate the liberality with which most valuable pathological
material was being forwarded:
                            [CIRCULAR  LETTER.]
                                      Surgeon  General's Office,
                                             Washington, D. O., June 24, 1864.
     Medical Officers in charge  of Hospitals are directed to diligently collect and preserve
for the  Army Medical Museum,  all pathological surgical specimens which may occur in
the  hospitals under their charge.
     The objects which it is desired to collect for the  Museum may be thus enumerated :
     Fractures,  compound and simple ;  fractures of the cranium.
     Excised portions of bone.
     Diseased bones and joints.
     Exfoliations ; especially those occurring in stumps.
     Specimens illustrative of the structure of stumps, (obliterated arteries, bulbous nerves,
         rounded bones, etc.)
     Integumental wounds of entrance and of exit, from both the round and conoidal ball.
     Wounds of vessels and nerves.
     Vessels obtained subsequent to ligation, and to secondary haemorrhage.
     Wounded viscera.
     Photographic representations  of  extraordinary injuries,  portraying  the results of
         wounds, operations, or peculiar amputations. 
PREFATORY.
VII
    Models of novel surgical appliances, and photographic views of new plans of dressing.
    Plaster casts of stumps and amputations, and models of limbs upon  which excisions
         may have been performed.
    It is not intended to impose on Medical Officers the labor of dissecting and preparing
the specimens they may contribute to the  Museum.  This will be done under the super-
intendence of the Curator.
    In forwarding such pathological  objects as compound fractures, bony specimens, and
wet preparations generally, obtained after amputation, operation, or cadaveric examination,
all unnecessary  soft parts should first  be roughly removed.   Every specimen should then
be wrapped separately in a cloth, so as to  preserve all spiculae  and  fragments.   A small
block of wood should be attached, with the name of the patient, the number  of tbe specimen,
and the name of the medical officer sending it, inscribed in lead pencil.  The inscription will
be uninjured by-the contact of fluids.  Tbe preparation should be then immersed in diluted
alcohol or whiskey, contained in a keg or small cask.  When a sufficient number of objects
shall have accumulated, the cask should be forwarded  directly  to tbe Surgeon General's
Office.   The expenses of expressage will be defrayed in Washington.  The receipt of the
keg or package  will be  duly acknowledged by the Curator of the Museum.
    In every instance, a corresponding list or history of the cases should, at the same
time, be forwarded to this office.   In this  list the number  and  nature of  every specimen
should be clearly specified, and, when possible, its history should be given. The numbers
attached to the specimens themselves, and the numbers on the list forwarded should always
correspond, and should be accompanied by the name and rank of the medical officer by
whom sent.   Every specimen will be  duly credited in the Catalogue J:o the medical officer
contributing it.
                                                    J. K.  BARNES,
                                                           Acting Surgeon General.
     In  order to perfect the returns under examination, as far as possible,  the
following Circular was issued:

                             [CIRCULAR LETTER.]

                                       Surgeon General's Office,
                                             Washington, D. C., February 2,1865.
     Medical  Directors of Armies  in the field or of detached commands are instructed to
transmit to this Office copies of all reports in their possession from the Recorders of Division
or other Field Hospitals, and in future, copies of such reports  will be forwarded to the
Surgeon General within twenty days after every engagement.
       Medical Directors of Departments will forward to this Office copies of all  reports of
individual cases  of gunshot injury antecedent to the adoption  of  the present  system of
registration of wounds, (October 1, 1863,) which are on file in their offices.
     By order of  the Surgeon  General:
                                                        C.  H.  CRANE,
                                                           Surgeon U. S.  Army. 
VIH                            PREFATORY.
     On  April 6, 1866, a letter was addressed to each Medical Director, requiring
that all Registers of Hospitals, Consolidated Registers of Soldiers treated, and all
information in  their possession pertaining to the Sick, Wounded,  Discharged,
and Dead during the war, should be transferred to this Office.  Careful revision of
the material accumulated  up to that date, had established its immense value to
the civilized world, and it seemed to be demanded that, in justice to humanity,
and to the national credit, it should, at once, be made available by publication.
     By  authority of the Secretary of War, Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, Circular
No. 6, A Report upon the Extent and Nature of the Materials available for the
preparation of a Medical and Surgical History of the War, was published,  and
an  edition of seven thousand five hundred copies distributed.
     Encouraged by the approbation of Secretary Stanton, who took the deepest
interest in its success, and aided by his powerful influence, an application was
made to  Congress, and an appropriation was granted June 8,  1868,  for  the
purpose of preparing for publication, under the  direction of the Secretary of War,
five thousand copies of the First Part of the Medical and Surgical History of the
Rebellion, compiled by the Surgeon General, and on March 3, 1869, by a Joint
Resolution of Congress, the number of copies mentioned above was authorized to
be printed at the Government Printing Office.
     Assistant Surgeon J.  J. Woodward,  U. S. Army, who had been in charge
of the Medical Records since June 9, 1862, and Assistant Surgeon George A.
Otis,  U.  S. Army, who was assigned to the charge of the Surgical Records,
October 3, 1864, were  directed to prepare the work for publication;  the zeal  and
intelligence of these Officers having been already fully established.
     No  work of this character, of equal magnitude, had ever been undertaken;
the Medical and Surgical  History  of the British Army which served in Turkey
and the Crimea during the war against Russia in 1854, 1855, and 1856, and the
Medico-Chirurgical Report of Doctor J. 0. Chenu upon the Crimean Campaign,
published by the French Government  in  1865, being the only national publica-
tions on military medicine and surgery.
     It was not considered advisable to follow the classification of either of these
works, and a plan was determined on which it is believed will be found adapted
to the preservation of the great mass of facts collected, in a form for convenient
study.  Through the liberality of the Government, in its beneficent pension laws,
it  has been found practicable to  obtain  accurate histories of many thousand
wounded or mutilated  men for years subsequent  to their discharge from service. 
PREFATORY.
IX
     The success which has  attended this effort to ascertain the ultimate results
of operations or conservative measures, employed in the treatment of the wounded
in the late war, is largely owing to the cordial  cooperation of the  Surgeons
General and Adjutants General of States, the Examining Surgeons of the Pension
Bureau, and very many private Physicians throughout the country.   As in the
official returns of the casualties of the French and English Armies in the Crimean
War, the cases were dropped when the men were invalided,  pensioned,  or
discharged from service,  this  information was  considered peculiarly desirable.
     In carrying out the intentions of Congress, it has been my earnest endeavor
to make this Medical and  Surgical History of the War,  not only a contribution to
science, but an enduring monument to the self-sacrificing  zeal and professional
ability of the Volunteer and Regular Medical Staff, and the unparalleled liberality
of our Government, which provided so amply for the care of its sick and wounded
soldiers.   To  the Medical  Officers  connected more immediately with this work,
for most cordial assistance and unceasing industry; to  those who, at the close of
the war, returned to civil life;  to the members of the Medical Staff of the Army
and  Officers of the various Bureaux of the War Department, for the courtesy and
promptness with which requests  for information have invariably been responded
to,  I am deeply  indebted.  My thanks,  and those  of every possessor of these
volumes, are especially due to  the  Superintendents of  the Government Printing
Office, and their  skilled  assistants, who  have  spared no pains in making the
typography and execution of this publication worthy of the  Government and the
Nation it represents.
                                             JOSEPH K. BARNES,
                                           Surgeon General U. S. Army.
2* 
 
THE
MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  HISTORY
                 OF THE

    WAR OF THE REBELLION.
                PART I.
             VOLUME I.
       MEDICAL HISTORY.
Prepared, under the direction of JOSEPH K. BARNES, Surgeon General United States Army,
    By J. J. WOODWARD, Assistant Sukgeon United States Akmy. 
 
INTRODUCTION.
     The Medical Volume of tbe  First Part of the Medical  and Surgical History of tbe
War of tbe Rebellion consists of a series of statistical tables presenting a summary view
of tbe facts embodied in tbe monthly reports made to tbe Surgeon General with regard to
tbe Sickness of tbe Army, tbe  Deaths, and  tbe Discbarges from service  on surgeon's
certificate of disability.
     Tbese tables have  been arranged in two  groups; Part I referring to Wbite  Troops,
Part II to Colored  Troops.   Each of these parts again, is  subdivided into two sections;
the first referring  to Sickness  and Mortality,  tbe  second to Discbarges  on surgeon's
certificate of disability.
     Tbe propriety of endeavoring to present separately sucb facts as  it has been possible
to collect, with regard to tbe sickness and mortality of Colored Soldiers, would appear too
obvious to  require  extended remark in this  place.   Aside from  all considerations of a
scientific or historical nature, motives of humanity would seem to dictate that tbe statistics
should be presented  in tbe form most likely to render them serviceable as a contribution
to our knowledge of tbe influence of race-peculiarities on disease.   These motives acquire,
if possible, additional importance from the fact that several thousand Colored Men still
continue to form a part of the United  States Army.   In order that this  object might be
attained the statistical  tables of Part  II have been  made to embrace only the Enlisted
Men of colored regiments, the cases and deaths among their white officers being carefully
excluded.  The enlisted men of these regiments, however,  included, besides  persons of
African descent, many of mixed African and European blood, and the returns afforded no
available means for discrimination.
     The  tables for both White and Colored  troops  have been constructed by a careful
consolidation of the sick reports made to the Surgeon General.   The  army regulations in
force at the commencement of the war required the senior medical officer of each hospital,
post, regiment, or detachment, to make monthly, to the Medical Director, and quarterly to
the Surgeon General, a report of Sick and Wounded, of Deaths and of Discharges  on
surgeon's  certificate of disability.*  The Medical Director, by whom the  monthly reports
were  received,  was  required to consolidate them and  forward the  consolidated  return
to the  Surgeon General.f   Printed forms  for  these purposes were issued by the Surgeon
General's  Office.
*-Kevised Regulations for the Army of the United States, 1861. Par. 1264.
tlbid. Par. 1267. 
XIV                             INTEODUCTION.

    The form for the quarterly report to tbe Surgeon General was as follows:
Repoet of the Sick and Wounded at.........................  ............................... for the quarter
                      ENDING ....................................................., 18........
a Q	TAKEN SICK OR RECEIVED INTO HOSPITAL DURING THE QUARTER																									
																					TOTAL BY				Total by	
O o	MONT										First.			Second.			Third.				EACH DISEASE.				each Class.	
																										
	SPECIFIC DISEASES.										Cases. Deaths, i Cases.				Deaths.		Cases.		Deaths.		Cases.		Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.
U															-----------!											----
,	Febris Congestiva.																									
																										
															1											
																										
																										
Si																										
>\																										
(*																										
																										
																										
																										
																										
C -																										
h>s																										
3 w	Etc Etc																									
																										
																										
	Total..............................																									
										general summa					RY.											
Remaining								|											"S 1 Ratio pt?.r 1000 OF							
since										Remaining.			MEAN STRENGTH. ^ MEAN STRENGTH.													
LAST REPORT.!																										
		O1		"3									Month.			Officers.		En	isted 'en.	Total. | |					Cases.	Deaths.
																						|			!	
		.g		'S.																		1				
		bt> =		C	£		i															!|				
																										
		a		a	0	X					j											li				
	a u		»	<b a	p •0	be o	tt	i			0)											!				
X	B - $	a a;		■o	a		C3	0)	■6	■m	"3	"3 :														
																										
.2 w c	5 r°		<!	5 02	tf	5 ; 5		0	s	'£	o O	H	Total.............													
-					i 1					_.			Ratio per Quarter..							'					i i	
Discharges on  Surgeon's  Certificate, and  Deaths.
Name.		Rank.	Regiment.	Company.	Disease.	Date of Discharge from Service.	Date of Death.
Surname. Christian Name.							
					I		
REMARKS. 
introduction.
XV
     One hundred and forty-three diseases were specified on this blank, and classified as
follows:  Fevers, Eruptive Fevers, Diseases of tbe organs connected  with the Digestive
System, Diseases of tbe Respiratory System, Diseases of the Circulatory System, Diseases
of tbe Brain and Nervous  System, Diseases of the Urinary and Genital  Organs and
Venereal Affections, Diseases of the Serous Exhalent Vessels, Diseases of  tbe Fibrous
and  Muscular Structures, Abscesses and Ulcers, Wounds and Injuries, Diseases  of  the
Eye, Diseases of the Ear, and All Other Diseases.
     The form  issued for the monthly reports differed from  the  foregoing  only in  tbe
omission of the columns intended to receive the cases and deaths of tbe second and third
months, while for  tbe Medical Directors' monthly consolidated reports large sheets were
issued on which the names of the diseases were printed  across the top of the page, and
columns ruled below each, so that twenty regimental reports might be  entered in full on a
single sheet.
     This plan of reporting sickness and mortality had been used in the army, with trifling
modifications, for a number of years, and had been found to work well in times of  peace,
but  certain  embarrassments were encountered when it was attempted to apply it to  the
large and suddenly created armies brought into the field at the commencement of the War
of the Rebellion.
     On tbe 23d of July, 1862, therefore, the  subject of  the monthly reports of sick and
wounded was referred to  an Army Board composed of Surgeon Lewis A. Edwards,  U. S.
Army, Surgeon J. H. Brinton, U. S. Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeons J. J. Woodward
and  M. J. Asch, U. S. Army.  On the  recommendation of this Board it was ordered that
tbe  quarterly sick reports to the Surgeon  General should be discontinued, and that  the
monthly reports should  be forwarded  to the Surgeon General, by the Medical Director,
in company  with his consolidated monthly report.  Not long after, tbe Medical Directors
were authorized by tbe Surgeon  General to discontinue the consolidated monthly reports,
and, instead, instructed  simply to  collect tbe  sick reports of  the several regiments and
detachments under their supervision and forward them to  the Surgeon General at the close
of each month.  On the  whole, tbese modifications were found to work satisfactorily, and
discipline improving as the war progressed, greater care was bestowed  on the preparation
of the reports, which were forwarded with as much regularity as could  have been expected
during active operations.
     From  these  Monthly Sick  Reports, mainly, tbe tables in this  volume  have been
prepared.   They cannot be  regarded  as  complete.   There is  probably no one month
during which all  the regiments  and  detachments,  actually in service,  are  represented.
Nevertheless, even during tbe first year, for'which they are most imperfect, they embrace
so large a proportion of  the  troops concerned that  they cannot fail to serve fairly as a
reliable basis for deductions with regard to the health of the whole  army.  Some brief
considerations with regard to the actual degree of completeness attained will be offered in
the course of these introductory remarks. 
XVI
INTRODUCTION.
     Tbe Army Board, of which mention has just been made, felt called upon to  recom-
mend a change in the Classification of Diseases which bad formerly been employed in the
monthly sick reports.  They advised the adoption  of a  classification  based upon that
devised by Dr. William Farr of London, which had, for some time, been employed in the
statistical reports of the English army.   This classification had been  generally adopted in
England for civil, as well as for military medical statistics, and its advocates were sanguine
that it would be extensively, if not universally,  employed  in the official  medical publica-
tions of civilized nations.   It was thought by the Board that the medical statistics of the
war in progress would possess the most general utility if they were collected and published
in such a form as  would permit them to be compared readily with  similar  publications
issued by other nations;  and this motive had greater weight in determining the  adoption
of Dr. Farr's Nomenclature and Classification than any consideration of its intrinsic  merits.
These, indeed, were  not  discussed by the Board at any very great length;  they felt
convinced that in  the present state  of  pathological knowledge any classification which
might be adopted  must necessarily  be  conventional, and they were merely desirous of
selecting from the conflicting systems at their disposal that which seemed most likely to
facilitate the comparison of our own results with those of other countries.   After they had
determined to adopt this plan of classification quite a number of proposed changes in its
details were pressed upon them for consideration.  The same  motives which  had  led to
their adoption of Dr. Farr's general plan caused them, however, to reject the majority of
these propositions,  and they permitted only  a few  innovations, the reasons for which, as
they conceived, were  strong enough to outweigh  the obvious objections against admitting
any alterations whatever in the plan adopted.
     In its  general outlines the classification of Dr.  Farr was as follows:  All diseases were
divided into five  classes.  I.  Zymotic diseases.   II. Constitutional diseases.  III. Local
diseases.  IV.  Developmental  diseases.   V. Violent  diseases or deaths.  Tbese  classes
were subdivided into  orders, viz.:
     Class I.—Zymotic Diseases.
                   Order 1.—Miasmatic Diseases.
                   Order 2.—Enthetic Diseases.
                   Order 3.—Dietic  Diseases.
                   Order 4.—Parasitic  Diseases
     Class II.—Constitutional Diseases.
                   Order 1.—Diathetic  Diseases.
                   Order 2.—Tubercular Diseases.
     Class III.—Local Diseases.
                   Order 1.—Diseases of the Nervous System.
                   Order 2.—Diseases of the Organs of Circulation.
                   Order 3.—Diseases of the Respiratory Organs.
                   Order 4.—Diseases of the Digestive Organs 
INTRODUCTION.
XVII
    Class  III.—Local Diseases.—Continued.
                  Order 5.—Diseases of the Urinary Organs.
                  Order 6.—Diseases of the Organs of Generation.
                  Order 7.—Diseases of Organs of Locomotion.
                  Order 8.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
    Class  IV.—Developmental Diseases.
                  Order 1.—Of Children.
                  Order 2.—Of Women.
                  Order 3.—Of Old People.
                  Order 4.—Diseases of Nutrition.
    Class  V.— Violent Diseases and Deaths.
                  Order 1.—Accident.
                  Order 2.—Battle.
                  Order 3.-—Homicide.
                  Order 4.—Suicide.
                  Order 5.—Execution.
                  Order 6.—Corporal  Punishment.
    The plan of Dr.  Farr was originally drawn up as a report to the Congress of European
Statisticians which met at Paris, September 10, 1855.  It was discussed in that meeting,
in the meeting at Brussels in 1856, and in that at Vienna in 1857.  During the meeting
at Vienna a nomenclature was adopted which was  substantially that of Dr. Farr;  but the
Congress failed to agree upon his classification, and subsequent experience has shown that
the  hopes of general recognition entertained  by its  advocates were ill-founded.   Never-
theless, as it has been employed in the medical reports of the British army, in the reports
of the Registrar General of  England,  and in many other statistical publications during the
years  represented in this work, there appears to be  no  reason to regret its adoption for
the  sick reports of the  army during the  war.
    The classification recommended  by the Board, and  adopted by tbe Surgeon General
in the preparation of the new blanks which were issued  shortly after, differed from that
of Dr. Farr chiefly in  the  omission  of such  details as  were judged  unlikely to  be  of
importance for army use,   Thus, for example, the class of Developmental Diseases was
omitted, because these  diseases  pertain chiefly to children, women, and old men, and were
not  expected to be encountered  to any very great extent as new cases, or as causes of death
among soldiers.  In  the class of Violent Diseases and Deaths, while  Homicide, Suicide,
and Execution of Sentence  were kept separate from other  Accidents and  Injuries, it was
not  thought necessary to duplicate each  of the headings in the latter order with the view
of keeping the injuries and wounds  received in battle separate from those which might
occur accidentally during military operations.   In selecting the names of individual diseases
to be printed on the blank in connection with each class and order, the  attempt was made
to embrace those  of  most  frequent occurrence and of greatest  importance, leaving rarer
affections to be included under the  head of All  Others of the class  or  order to which
they belonged.
      3* 
XVITI
INTRODUCTION.
     But in addition to these mere omissions, considered necessary to adapt the classification
of Dr. Farr to use  in  our army, the Board  felt called  upon to recommend a few other
modifications, of which the following were the most important:
     They recommended  that Parasitic  diseases, Class I,  Order 4,  should  be separated
from  Zymotic affections  and erected into a separate class;  that diseases of  the Eye and
Ear, included by Dr. Farr under the general head of diseases of the  Nervous System,
Class III, Order 1, should be made separate orders of the  same class, and that Rheumatism
should be placed alongside of Gout in the  Diathetic order of Constitutional  diseases, and
Tonsilitis  among diseases  of the Digestive Organs,  instead of including  both, as Dr. Farr
had done in the Miasmatic order of Zymotic affections.
     It may be remarked, in this connection, that seven  years later the Royal College of
Physicians of London adopted all these  alterations, among the other modifications of Dr.
Farr's original plan which they thought best to make in preparing the Nomenclature
of Diseases* they have recently published, and which  is hereafter  to be employed  in
England for both civil and military medical statistics.
     The classification recommended by the Board, and adopted for army use, was therefore
as follows:
     Class I.—Zymotic Diseases.
                   Order 1.—Miasmatic
                   Order 2.—Enthetic.
                   Order 3.—Dietic.
     Class II.—Constitutional  Diseases
                   Order 1.—Diathetic.
                   Order 2.—Tubercular.
     Class III.—Parasitic Diseases.
     Class IV.—Local Diseases.
                   Order  1.—Of the Nervous System.
                   Order  2.—Of the Eye.
                   Order  3.—Of the Ear.
                  Order  4.—Of the Organs  of Circulation.
                  Order  5.—Of the Respiratory Organs.
                  Order  6.—Of the Digestive Organs.
                  Order  7.—Of the Urinary and Genital  Organs.
                  Order  8.—Of the Bones  and Joints.
                  Order  9.—Of the Integumentary System.
    Class V.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
                  Order  1.—Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
                  Order  2.—Homicide.
                  Order  3.—Suicide.
                  Order  4.—Execution  of Sentence.
     * The Nomenclature of Diseases, drawn up by a joint committee appointed by the Royal College of Physicians of Lond
subject to Decennial Revision. London, 1869. 
INTRODUCTION.
XIX
     The following definition of such of the above terms as appeared to require explanation
were offered at the time.
     The class Zymotic diseases is intended to embrace epidemic, endemic, or contagious
affections, supposed to be induced by some specific body, or by anomalies in the quantity
or quality of the food.  The order  Miasmatic diseases  includes affections believed to be
due  to  various  atmospheric influences, such  as the products  of  vegetable and  animal
decomposition, specific emanations  from the human body in a state of disease, and  tbe
so-called marsh miasms.   The order Enthetic diseases includes those disorders which are
transmitted by the  inoculation of morbid matters.   The order Dietic  diseases includes
those which are caused by errors in  tbe quantity and quality of the food.
     The  class  Constitutional diseases  includes sporadic affection often hereditary and
generally involving several organs, in which  morbid products or new formations frequently
make their appearance in  the parts  involved.   From the general mass of these diseases
which are embraced in Order 1  under the designation Diathetic diseases, tbe Tubercular
diseases, such as Scrofula and Consumption,  are separated in Order 2,
     After some deliberation tbe Board agreed in recommending to the Surgeon General that
in the nomenclature of tbe new blanks, tbe  most generally accepted  English designations
of diseases should be employed  instead of the Latin terms previously used in our army
reports.  Some of these were at best modern barbarisms; some of them were not generally
understood.  The difficulties recently experienced by the Committee of the Royal College
of Physicians and Surgeons in making their Latin Version,*  will serve to illustrate  the
questions involved.   The English names selected agree so closely with those of the old nom-
enclature of Dr. Farr and the more recent scheme of the College of Physicians and Surgeons,
that no  further explanation of them  appears to be needed, and they have  been  employed
in the following  tables under the impression that this course would render the work more
generally useful than any Latin nosology which could have been determined upon.
     The old blanks were  employed  for the monthly reports of sick and wounded of  the
whole army until the close  of the  first fiscal year.   Subsequently the new form came
rapidly  into use.  In preparing the  tables of  this  volume the results  obtained by con-
solidating  tbe sick reports made on  the old blanks have been recast in the form of  the
new classification, in order  that they might  be more  readily compared.   As the new
blanks,  however, contained  the  names of some  diseases  separately  which  were not
separately given in the old, while the old blanks contained several names which  it was
not thought  necessary to-present separately in tbe  new, a comparison of the  figures  for
these affections cannot be made for  the whole  period.  An examination of Table C, page
636 to 641, will show at a glance all the few points of difference arising from this source.
They will  be discussed in detail in the Second Volume of the Medical History of the War
in connection with the diseases to  which  they belong.   A single example will serve for
illustration in this place.
    * Loc cit. p. XXIV. 
XX                                INTRODUCTION.
     On the old blanks there was a heading for  Skin diseases but no  separate place for
reporting Itch, all the cases  of which were included under the head of Skin diseases.  On
tbe new blank, however, Itch was separated  from other Skin diseases and placed as an
independent item in the class of Parasitic  diseases.   The  extent  to which this trouble-
some disorder  was  prevailing  among  the troops was thought  to justify  this course.
Accordingly in table C it will be seen that no  cases of Itch are  separately represented
until after the close  of the  first fiscal year of the war, and  even for  the second year,
although six thousand two hundred and sixty-three cases of Itch are reported, yet as the
old form of blanks was  quite extensively used during the  earlier  months of this  year  a
considerable number of other cases are still included with Skin diseases.   For subsequent
years, however, as the new  blank  was used  almost  exclusively, it is  probable that the
number of  cases of  Itch reported in the table for these years is a  close approximation to
the whole number of cases  which  actually occurred  in  the mean strength  represented.
This example will serve to illustrate the principle involved in other apparent discrepancies
of this kind.
     In preparing the tables it was thought best that they should be made to correspond
with the Congressional fiscal years which, as is well known, terminate annually on the
30th of June.  The period represented embraces  May and June 1861; the first fiscal year
of the war terminating June  30,  1862; the  second  fiscal  year of the war  terminating
June 30,  1863; the  third fiscal year  of the war terminating June 30, 1864; the fourth
fiscal year of the war terminating June  30, 1865, and  the fiscal year following the war
terminating June 30,1866.   This last year was included because, although after the  close
of the war the  great  volunteer  army was disbanded with unprecedented rapidity, the
unsettled state of the country rendered it necessary to keep a certain number of volunteer
troops in service for  some time after the cessation of actual hostilities, and it was thought
that tables showing  the  sickness and mortality from  disease during  the  year  of peace
following  the war would be valuable for comparison  with the diseases  and deaths of
similar bodies of troops in the same regions during the period of active operations.
     With  the view of  collecting data  for the study of tbe special influences of the several
Geographical Regions  of  our country on the health  of armies operating in them, the
tables for each year are arranged in separate groups for the Atlantic, Central, and Pacific
Regions.
     The Atlantic Region embraces the garrisons  and stations in the  New England and
Middle States, and the field of operations on the slope between the Appalachian rano-e of
Mountains  and the Atlantic Ocean,  from  Maryland southward to Key West,  Florida.  It
includes therefore the Army of the Potomac and other troops engaged in the campaigns
against Richmond, as well as the several  Coast Expeditions, with the exception of that
which resulted in the capture of New Orleans.  This  last on account of the region which
became the scene of operations and  the general  subsequent history of the  Department
of the Gulf, is embraced in the Central Region. 
INTRODUCTION.
XXI
     The Central  Region is the great basin watered by the Mississippi  River and  its
tributaries.  It includes the area between the Appalachian range and tbe Rocky Mountains.
The  tables embrace the reports received from  garrisons and stations in  Ohio, Indiana,
Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa,  the statistics of the  Armies of the
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee, and  those of  the troops  in Missouri, Arkansas and the
Department of  the Gulf.
     The Pacific  Region includes the stations  in  Colorado, New Mexico and  the slope
between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
     The same motive which led to this general grouping made it desirable that the several
regions should be subdivided geographically in constructing the tables embraced in each.
At first sight -it  might be supposed that this would  be  best effected by following the
boundaries of tbe Military Departments as announced in General Orders;  and had these
remained fixed, or been modified only in consequence of the  movements of  large bodies
of troops, this would have undoubtedly been tbe case.  In the course of events, however,
it was  found  that so many other circumstances  concurred  in  determining temporary
changes in the boundaries of Departments that it was believed no scientific  purpose would
be answered by following these alterations with any degree  of  strictness.
     In the arrangement actually adopted in compiling the tables two chief  considerations
were kept constantly in view.  On the one hand it was wished that so far as possible  they
should represent the sickness and mortality of troops within certain definite Geographical
Boundaries; on the  other  hand it was thought desirable  that the  medical  statistics of
those Great Armies which,  it might fairly be anticipated, would possess historical interest
should be  separately presented.   When, after a survey of all the documents, a detailed
plan was finally determined upon, the boundaries selected as guides in the  preparation of
the several tables were found to approximate those of  the Military Departments so nearly
that  it was thought advisable to use  their designations as the Titles of the  Tables, and
explanatory remarks have been prefixed to the tables of each region for each  year, which
briefly set forth the boundaries of the Departments as described in Orders, together  with
such alterations as it was deemed necessary to adopt, in order that Geographical consider-
ations might have due influence.  In these explanatory remarks the descriptive language
of the General  Orders  has been employed, and while such dates and memoranda of events
have been added  as seemed required  for  the comprehension of the tables, it  was deemed
advisable to avoid any attempt at a detailed narrative  of events.   Such a narrative to be
worthy of official publication must needs occupy much more space than could be given in
the present work, and is so far foreign  to its  purpose  that  it  seems much preferable to
refer the reader to other works for all historical details except those of a strictly medical
or surgical  character.
     The limits  of the  several tables having been  determined upon it was no small labor
to assign correctly all  the individual reports of regiments and  detachments.  The record
of stations and other internal evidences afforded by the  reports themselves were not always 
XXII
INTRODUCTION.
 adequate, and to avoid errors the most pains-taking  comparisons were instituted between
 the returns to the Surgeon General and those filed in the office of the Adjutant General.
 It  is believed that by these labors  a  high  degree of accuracy has been  attained.  Many
 thanks are due to the Adjutant General and the officers under his direction for the facilities
 afforded by them.  The Monthly and Tri-monthly Military Returns of the several depart-
 mental and subordinate commanders were all carefully compared and every exertion was
 made to avoid possible sources of error.
      It has already been stated that separate tables are presented for White and Colored
 troops.  Many other interesting subdivisions suggested themselves, such as the comparison
 between the  Regular and Volunteer troops, between Officers  and Men, between Infantry,
 Artillery, and Cavaln^, and between soldiers of American and those of Foreign birth.  All
 attempts at such subdivision were, however, -reluctantly abandoned, as involving a degree
 of  labor for which there was no adequate clerical force and which would have  required a
 system of returns entirely different from those in use at the breaking  out of the war or
 those which it was afterwards thought practicable to adopt.   For  the same reason it was
 deemed inadvisable to attempt to prepare for publication the  separate regimental returns
 which have served as a  basis for  the present  tables..  In extent and  costliness such a
 publication would have exceeded all reasonable limits.
     The tables representing  the several Departments and Armies are so  arranged as to
 present the sickness and mortality of each year by Months.  This was done with a view
 to the study of the question  of the influence  of Season on  the diseases  of the  several
 Regions.
     Briefly, then, the tables for White troops embrace the diseases and deaths of Officers
 and Men  of all arms,  both  Regulars and Volunteers in the  several Departments  and
 Regions, for each Month during the  progress of the  war, and are arranged with special
 reference to the study of the influence of  Season and  Region  on  tbe health of armies
 engaged in active operations  in  tbe United States.   In the  case of the Colored troops
 similar tables  are presented, which, however, represent Enlisted Men only.
     The  next point in the tables requiring remark is the Mean  Strength which appears
 at the top of the column for each month.   This figure was invariably obtained by adding
 together the mean strengths given in the individual  reports  consolidated for the month.
 It is simply to  be  understood as  representing  tbe  number  of  men among whom the
 diseases and deaths reported in the column  beneath occurred.   No other plan would have
 served as the basis for  tbe  deduction of correct ratios  from the tables.   Of course tbe
 numbers will  not be found to agree with the departmental returns in the office of the
 Adjutant  General.  Some discrepancies will be due to  the  fact  that the boundaries of
 departments have, in many instances, been modified as  already  explained, others to tbe
absence of military or of medical returns from individual regiments or detachments, while
yet others are due to the circumstance that the medical reports  represent the mean strength
for the month, while the returns to the Adjutant General represent the strength on tbe day 
INTRODUCTION.
XXIII
of their date.   This last consideration must not be overlooked by those who may desire to
make use of the mean  strengths  given in  this volume for the ordinary purposes of
history.  During a part of tbe war the medical officer of each  regiment or detachment
was ordered to  obtain tbe  mean strength of the command represented  in  his report by
adding together the strength present, as obtained from  the consolidated  morning report of
the command,  for  each day  of the  month  and dividing. by the  number  of days.  To
diminish the labor involved in this process it was  subsequently directed that the mean
strength of  commands should be obtained for the  monthly reports by adding  together the
total strength present on tbe 10th, 20th,  and last day of  the month as received from  the
commanding officer,  and  dividing by  three.  This method would  give, it was  thought,
results closely approximating those obtained  by the  former more troublesome plan.   If
the mean strength obtained for any command by either  of these  methods be  compared
with the strength reported on tbe last clay of  the month on the military returns a consid-
erable discrepancy may be expected in  two cases:  First, if the command has experiencd
any increase during tbe month, the mean strength will be less than the strength on  the
last clay; second, if the command has  experienced any decrease during tbe month,  the
mean strength  will  be greater  than tbe  strength present on the last  day,  so  that  an
exact coincidence can seldom  be anticipated.  It  would seem,  however,  to require no
argument in this place to show that the  mean strength  should be  employed in medical
statistical tables rather than  tbe strength on any given day.   The  mean strength  given
in the  tables for White troops  embraces  officers as well  as enlisted men, and the cases
and  deaths  of both are included.  In  the tables  for  Colored  troops, however, the  mean
strength does not include  the white officers, nor are their  diseases and deaths embraced in
the tables.
     The mean strength  entered in the column of  each table headed  Total,  is  the
arithmetical mean  of the several  monthly strengths  given in the table, and in all  the
complete tables represents the annual average  mean strength.  In the partial tables it
represents the average mean strength for  the number  of months exhibited in the table.
The .number of cases and deaths in- the same  column  is the sum of the  figures in  the
previous column.
     In the Annual Consolidated tables for Regions the mean strength for each month is
obtained by  adding together the mean strengths of the several Departments embraced in
the region as given for the month in previous tables.   The strength entered in the column
headed Total, in these regional tables  is, however, not obtained by adding together  the
totals of the departmental tables, but is the  arithmetical mean of the sums of the  monthly
strengths of  the regional tables.  It thus represents the annual average mean strength of the
region.   It will readily be understood that by merely adding together the  strength given in
the departmental tables in the column headed Total, the figure obtained for  the regional
tables would not fairly represent the annual average mean strength of the region in those
cases in which any of the  departmental tables  represented fractions of a year. 
XXIV                             INTRODUCTION.
     The several departmental tables in the Atlantic and Central Regions  for each year
are followed by a table  presenting  an abstract of the Mortality in the General Hospitals
of the reo-ion during the year.   This table, it will be observed, contains  Deaths only, the
column for Cases being  left blank.   Some explanation of tbe reason of this circumstance
is required.
     In the first place it is to be remarked that the  departmental tables, being made up of
the reports from regiments and detachments in the field and in garrison, contain not merely
those cases which were  treated in Quarters and in the Regimental and Post Hospitals but
also those which were subsequently sent for  treatment to the General  Hospitals  at the
ba.se of operations or in the Northern States.  _ It was the custom to  send the majority of
the serious cases to these. General Hospitals and, as  a consequence, it will  be observed that
the mortality represented in the  Departmental  Tables  is  extremely light.   As a rule the
patient did  not remain stationary until  recovery  or  death, an  inmate of the  General
Hospital into which he  was at first  received.   Military necessity continually required the
hospitals nearest the base  of operations  to be cleared, and the patients to be sent to more
distant establishments in order to make room for the sick of armies about to move or for
tbe thousands of wounded requiring care after great battles.   It was usual  when an army
was about to commence active operations to disembarrass the Field  Hospitals  of patients
that the medical staff and  hospital  establishment might  accompany the  moving columns.
It was also tbe usage after engagements to transport the  greater portion of the wounded
to the nearest General Hospital.  Some noteworthy exceptions to the latter rule occurred,
the  particulars of  which will be found in the Surgical History of  the War, but  tbese
exceptions were not sufficiently frequent to militate with the correctness of the  general
statement.  In transfers of this kind it was  with great  propriety made  the rule to  move
the  sick to make  room for the wounded, but  the wounded  also were  often  necessarily
removed in great numbers so that it frequently happened that, patients of both classes
passed through several hospitals before  the final termination  of their cases.   Under these
circumstances it will be readily  understood that a consolidation of the monthly reports of
sick and wounded  of  the General Hospitals, made with the view  of  ascertaining the
number of Cases of each disease or injury treated, would lead only to duplication of Cases
and inextricable confusion.  Nothing  short of  a pains-taking tracing out of each one  of
the cases through the hospital books now preserved at the Surgeon General's Office, could
lead to any useful results  in this direction, and such  an undertaking would  require, for
years, the labor of  a clerical force much larger than has  ever been at tbe  disposal of' the
bureau.  On the other hand it was  comparatively an easy matter to avoid any duplication
of Deaths.
     It is proposed that, among  other matters,  the  Third Volume of the Medical History
of the War shall contain  a somewhat detailed ■ account of the General  Hospital System.
To this the reader must be referred for particulars;  but some brief allusion  to  tbe facts of
tbe case appears indispensable to the comprehension of the statistical questions involved 
INTRODUCTION.
XXV
     Before the war, tbe troops composing tbe United States Army were chiefly distributed
as garrisons  of the  various permanent or  temporary works  constructed  for Sea Coast
Defence or for the protection of the Indian Frontier.   Each of these stations-was provided
with a small Post Hospital in which the serious cases of sickness were  treated by the
medical officer attached to tbe post.   Mild cases were  usually prescribed for' and allowed
to remain in Quarters.  When troops began to go into camp at the commencement of the
war, each regiment established a Regimental Hospital on the same general plan.  Hospital
tents, or some building temporarily occupied, afforded shelter for  the  more serious cases
who were  there treated  by the regimental  surgeon  or  his  assistants,  while milder cases
were prescribed for and excused from  duty, but continued to occupy their  ordinary tents
or such  other  shelter as was provided  for the rest  of the  command.   When  several  ,
regiments were grouped together as Brigades,  it was often  found  convenient to establish
all the Regimental Hospitals  of the brigade at one point, and  this speedily led to their
consolidation in many instances as Brigade Hospitals.  At a later period the same tendency
to consolidation led to the union of the several Brigade Hospitals of a Division,  forming
thus a Division Hospital.   The Division  Hospital was sometimes a mere  aggregation of
Regimental or Brigade Field Hospitals, but  in its highest development in connection with
large Armies in which the troops were maneuvered  by  Divisions, it formed a single unit,
bearing the same relation to  the Division that the Regimental Hospital did to the Regiment.
An interesting account of the  workings of the Division  system of Field Hospitals will  be
found in the Appended Documents  of this volume, especially in the  reports  of  Medical
Director McParlin, p. 148 et seq. to which tbe reader is referred.
     But very shortly after the organization of troops was commenced in 1861, it was
found that the system of Post and Regimental Hospitals was not adequate to provide for
all the  sick.   Difficulty was especially experienced  when a regiment received marching
orders.   It was then desirable of  course that the Regimental Surgeon,  with his assistants
and hospital tents, should accompany the command, while,  on the other hand, there was
very generally a certain number of sick or wounded  under treatment who could not with
propriety be  carried along.   Moreover tbe  maximum hospital  accommodation  which it
was  practicable to allow each regiment, proved insufficient to provide for all the patients
on "occasions of emergency, as  during the prevalence  of  epidemics,  or after the occurrence
of general  engagements.  It became  necessary, therefore, to  organize near  the base of
operations independent hospitals which should receive and care  for the sick necessarily left
behind when  troops moved, as well as those for whom  the Regimental Hospitals could
afford no accommodation, and the wounded after battles.   Such establishments, known  as
General Hospitals, being of a more or less permanent character, it was possible to  provide
more conveniences and  comforts  for the care of the  sick and wounded than could be
furnished in the field, and hence it early became the custom to send the more serious cases,
especially those likely to require protracted treatment, to General Hospital.  When in the
course  of events   the  General Hospitals, near the  several bases  of  operation,  became
      4.* 
XXVI
INTRODUCTION.
 encumbered with sick and woundecl, others were established at various  points throughout
 the Northern  States, and  the hospitals near the base of operations were evacuated from
 time  to time-upon the more distant establishments, to make room for the continual stream
 of diseased and disabled which constantly flowed from the scene of active operations.
      It will be the task of the  medical historian in the Third Volume to trace  these
 operations in detail.  He will  have  to show how it  happened, that  after a period of
 transition, in which hotels, factories, and other existing buildings, many of them ill suited
 for hospital purposes, were temporarily occupied, wooden barracks came to be constructed
 for hospital purposes,  which were improved  from time to time, as experience suggested
 modifications in the original plans, until a unique system of Barrack Hospitals, each capable
 of accommodating  from one to  three thousand patients, resulted, which is well worthy
 of the serious attention of military surgeons.   He will  have to detail  the  events  which
 ultimately led to the recognition  of tbe General Hospitals as independent military posts,
 of which the Surgeon-in-charge was the Commanding Officer, subject only to the jurisdiction
 of the Medical Director and of the General Commanding the Department.  He will have
 to show how the principle, that the Surgeon-in-charge is the proper person to command a
 General  Hospital,  was speedily  pushed to  its logical results;  how the  Line  Officers
 commanding the guard of the hospital, or acting as its quartermaster or commissary, were
 placed under  the  authority of tbe  Surgeon-in-charge and  ordered to report to him, and
 how tbe results attained so fully justified the course pursued, that the Medical Department
 may  confidently appeal to the  precedent thus established as  its warrant for asking the
 like enlarged jurisdiction and powers in any future war.
     An  examination of the  monthly  reports of sick and wounded from these  General
 Hospitals shows that their population was constantly fluctuating.  Thousands of  patients
 were  often received and  sent away in a single month.   Events  at  tbe front,  and the
 consequent condition of the  hospitals  near the  base of operations, more  frequently than
 the nature of the disease  or injury, determined the stay of the patient in any individual
 hospital.  Of  course when a number of cases were sent from  a hospital in anticipation
 of fresh arrivals, tbe less serious cases of both wounds and disease were, so far as possible,
 selected for transportation, a fact  which is not to be overlooked in interpreting the greater
 mortality which distinguished the hospitals  near the base of operations; but it  was not
 always practicable to adhere strictly to this rule.   Moreover, no inconsiderable movement
 of individual patients was determined  by the efforts made from time to time by the State
 authorities to have  the sick  and  wounded  transferred for  treatment to  hospitals within
 their  own State boundaries.
    A review of^ all these facts,  and of others of similar character, which need not now
be specified, compelled the compiler of this  volume reluctantly to abandon the  hope of
presenting in tabular form the number of cases of each disease treated in General Hospitals.
The plan adopted with regard to the matter may be briefly summed up as follows:
    The Departmental tables embrace tbe Cases and Deaths obtained by the consolidation 
INTRODUCTION.
XXVII
of the monthly sick reports of troops in the Field and in Garrison.  They represent the
number of men taken  sick each  month out of the mean strength  given, and the nature
of their complaints so far as could be  ascertained by tbe medical officers wbo attended
them.   They set forth also the number who died with their commands, and in the several
Post, Regimental, Brigade, and Division Hospitals attached.
    The Hospital tables exhibit  the number who died in the General Hospitals of each
region, arranged by months and causes  of death.
    The Consolidated  tables for  Regions embrace, then, the total  number of new Cases
occurring from month to month in the strength given, arranged by diseases, and the total
number of Deaths, also arranged by months and diseases, and including deaths in General
Hospital as well as those occurring in the fie'ld and in garrison.
    It will then  be understood, that in computing the ratio of Cases to strength for any
disease, the number of cases may be compared with the strength given  in the d'epartmental
tables, or with  their sum in  the  regional or army tables.  But  in computing the  ratio
of Deaths to  strength, the hospital population,  as exhibited in the several hospital tables,
must be taken into account.
    A comparison of the number  of cases with the number of deaths for any  disease will,
however, require  the consideration of some additional  circumstances.  For  since it has
been impossible to prepare tables  showing the  number of Cases of each disease received
into the General Hospitals, and since every effort has been made to  secure tbe distribution
of the Deaths  among the real causes of death, the number of deaths exhibited by the
Regional and Army tables cannot always be regarded as  bearing a direct relationship to
the number of cases.  Tbe  figures are to be regarded rather as independent facts, often
intimately connected, and here offered  for future reasonable discussion.   No  attempt has
been made to reconcile the apparent discrepancies in the tables arising from this source.
It was  thought important  that both classes of facts should be presented  in the  most
complete manner, and that all attempt to bring them into accord  should  be  postponed to
become a subject of discussion in connection with individual diseases of importance in the
Second Volume.
    An examination of the tables, therefore, will  show many  instances in which the
ntfmbef of Deaths is disproportionally large as compared with the  number of Cases, and
even some instances in which more Deaths than Cases are reported.   These examples are
not to be looked upon as oversights or errors on the part of those to whom the preparation
of tbe tables was entrusted.   They  are  the  necessary consequence  of the  fidelity with
which  the  facts,  as reported, were  consolidated.   A  single example will  serve  as  an
illustration.
    In table  LXVII, which is an abstract  of the Sickness and Mortality of the Central
Region  for  the year ending June 30,  1864, it will be observed on page 429 that the
number of Cases of Inflammation of tbe Brain reported is 215, with  271  Deaths, which might
be supposed to involve an impossibility.   But an examination of the previous table shows, 
XXVIII                            INTRODUCTION.
page 423, that 128  of  these  deaths  occurred  in General  Hospital.  It would appear,
therefore, simply that 215 Cases and 143 Deaths of Inflammation of the Brain were reported
among the garrisons  and troops in the Central Region during  the  year, and that besides
128 Deaths of the same disease occurred  in the  General Hospitals of the Region.   Some
of tbe Deaths in hospital were doubtless patients included among the  Cases of the garrison
and field reports; but tbe greater part  of them were probably men who  had  entered
hospital with other complaints.   The,detailed facts would be interesting and valuable, but
cannot be ascertained.   We can, however, learn from the tables the number of New Cases
of the disease which originated in  the  reported  strength in field and in  garrison  during
the time specified.   We can also  learn  the whole  number of Deaths attributed to this
cause, including those which occurred in  the* given  hospital population.  Each of these
facts has its own  independent value, and  each requires separate  consideration.   The two
classes of facts can only be brought into relationship with a view to studying the relative
mortality per thousand  cases in connection with  those  affections  of which a very large
number of cases has been reported, and even in these instances  the  results  attained will
often require modification in accordance with considerations peculiar to  each disease.
    Tbe writer  is  perfectly aware  of  the inconvenience  of  tbe circumstances just
recounted, and has also fully considered many other objections to  tbe plan which he has
adopted for dealing with tbe monthly reports of the General Hospital.  He also regrets
greatly the impossibility of compiling  tables giving general statistical information with
regard to the number of cases of each disease which arose  de novo in  the hospital popu-
lation, or of secondary diseases and  complications.  He is firmly  convinced, however,
that a more ambitious  course than he has adopted would have led merely to less reliable
result.
     It must further be  explained  in this place that the tables in  this volume do  not
embrace those Killed in Action, those dead  of Wounds or Disease while Prisoners of War,
or those who died while on Furlough, Leave of Absence, Absence Without Leave, or after
Discharge from service on surgeon's certificate of  disability.  In the case of those Killed
in Action, the monthly sick reports could not always be expected to attain accuracy, the
Surgeon usually obtaining his information with  regard to them  indirectly and at second
hand.   The  names  of  such  of the  killed  as could be learned by him with reasonable
certainty were entered in the sick  report  among the names of the dead, but the  printed
blanks directed that they should not be included  in  the  statistical portion of tbe report,
and a careful examination of the reports  received shows that this rule was advisable.
     The number of deaths from Gunshot and other Wounds given in the tables, therefore,
excludes the Killed in Battle, but the number of Wounded was  intended to embrace all the
Wounded among the mean strength given, and when this intention was not carried out, as
was sometimes probably the case,  especially after certain general  engagements, it was in
consequence of circumstances which interferred with the efforts of the  Medical Officer to
obtain full details with regard to the Wounded of the commands to which they belonged. 
INTRODUCTION.
XXIX
Instances in which this  took  place  are  known, and it seems reasonable to suppose that
many others must have occurred,  so that  the figures in  the tables representing the number
of Wounded, and especially the number of Gunshot Wounds, must be regarded as probably
less than the real number occurring  in the  mean  strength  represented.  For  the  full
discussion of this part of tbe subject, however, the reader must be referred to tbe Surgical
Volumes of this work.
     In addition to the foregoing explanations, which it has been  thought advisable to
offer as aids to the appreciation of the tables contained in this volume, it seems proper to
make next some general remarks with regard  to the Total Losses of our armies during
the war by Death, and by Discharge on surgeon's certificate of disability.  These remarks
will be founded upon estimates derived from other sources of information than the reports
of sick and wounded employed in the  construction of the tables, and will therefore be of
service as indicating the degree of completeness which these may fairly be considered to
possess.
     The first source of information which would  appear to  require consideration is  the
Adjutant  General's  Office, in which  are  preserved the military records of  the army.
Here are to be found the Returns of posts, armies, and departments, the monthly Muster
and Pay Rolls of individual companies,  and the Final Statements of deceased soldiers.  The
last-named of these reports have served  as the basis for a most pains-taking  investigation
with regard to the subject of our present inquiry.  It was the duty of company and other
officers to furnish such  a  record of each death occurring within their jurisdiction, and
hence the fact and date  of death  was thus reported in  a large  part of the whole number
of the dead.  These returns give, in each case, the name, rank, company, and regiment of
the deceased, and state also, whenever the officer making the return was acquainted with
the circumstances, whether he was Killed in Battle, or Died of Wounds or of Disease.
     Of course  many  men were  killed or died for whom no such  final statements were
made at the time.  After engagements men were often missing concerning whom it was
not known whether they were killed or taken prisoners;  deaths not  unfrequently occurred
among men absent from their commands of which no responsible officer had knowledge;
reports were captured by the enemy, lost or mislaid,  and the duty of making them  out
was not  invariably performed.   At the  close of the war,  therefore, these files  were  far
from complete.
     It happened,  however, immediately after the war was  over, that vast  numbers of
applications began to be made to the Adjutant General by officers of the Pay Department,
by the Second Auditor, and by the Commissioner of Pensions, for official evidence of  the
service and death of individual soldiers,  to enable these officials  to  adjust the claims of
the heirs  of the deceased against the government.    These applications not merely
rendered it necessary to make a most laborious examination of the muster rolls to extract
the deaths recorded in them, but in  the case of those claimed to be dead,  for whom there
was no final statement, and who  were not entered as dead  on the muster rolls, it became 
X X X
INTRODUCTION.
 necessary to hear evidence in order to arrive at the actual facts, and  the  result in  each
 case being duly recorded, the files representing the dead were daily rendered more nearly
 complete.
     In view of these circumstances it would be anticipated that the Adjutant General's
 Office  would now be able to  furnish the most complete  and reliable information  extant
 with regard to the number and names of the dead.   It might also be presumed  that the
 number of men actually Killed in Battle could be most nearly approximated from the same
 source, while it would  seem probable that a large proportion of those who died of wounds
 or  of  disease would  appear  simply as Dead, without  any cause of death having  been
 recorded.  Each of these expectations is fully realized on an examination of tbe information
 derivable from this source.
     In reply to an inquiry from the Surgeon General, the Adjutant General has furnished
 the following statement dated October 25, 1870:
    " The total number of deaths, so far as known at the office, from the commencement to the close of the Rebellion, is as follows :
 Regular Army, Commissioned Officers......................................................................     267
 Regular Army, Enlisted Men..............................................................................   4, 592
 Volunteer Army, Commissioned Officers....................................................................   8,553
 Volunteer Army, Enlisted Men............................................................................  256, 427
 Colored Troops, Commissioned Officers.....................................................................     285
 Colored Troops, Enlisted Men.............................................................................  33, 380
    Total number of deaths.............................................................................  303,504"

     The commissioned officers of the Colored troops being almost without exception white,
 the above figures may be classified as follows:
 Total mortality among White Officers and Men................................................................ 270,124
 Total mortality among Colored Men.........................................................................  33, 380
    Total number of deaths.............................................................................. 303, 504

     These numbers are to be understood as embracing the deaths from all causes, including
 the slain in battle and those  who died while  prisoners of  war, or while absent  on  furlough
 or otherwise, so far as it has  been possible to collect  information with regard  to  them at
 the Adjutant General's Office up to the 25th of  October, 1870.
     The period represented by the words  "from the commencement to the close of the
 Rebellion" in the above statement, was found, on inquiry at the Adjutant General's  Office,
 to have been used in the case of the Regular Army with a somewhat different significance
 from that with which it was  employed in the case of  the Volunteer Forces.
     For the Regular Army the figures represent the  number of officers and men wbo are
 known to have died between the 15th of April,  1861, and the 1st of June, 1865.
     For the Volunteer Forces, both White and Colored, however, the figures  embrace all
 the deaths known to  have occurred in the volunteer organizations called out  during the
progress  of the war up to the date  of their muster out of the service.   This date may be
approximately fixed for the White troops at about the close of the last fiscal  year repre-
sented  in this volume,  though a few  scattered Companies remained in service  subsequently,
the last of which, a Battalion of New  Mexico Volunteer Cavalry, was  not  mustered out
until November 18, 1867. 
INTRODUCTION.
XXXI
     In the cases of the Colored Volunteers, the  process went  on more slowly, tbe last
Regiment having been mustered out December 20, 1867.
     In both cases it is to be understood that the number of dead given is derived from
an actual count of tbe names of tbe individuals recorded as  dead,  and  not from the
consolidation of numerical returns of any kind.   This circumstance  renders it quite clear
that the real number of deaths cannot be supposed to be less than  the statement above
given by the Adjutant General, and a consideration of the facts with regard to the additions
made to the death files since the war, will give weight to the opinion  that it cannot be
materially greater.
     It is  true that, as  has been already indicated,  the death records of the  Adjutant
General's Office were quite incomplete at the close  of  the war; but  tbe liberal  policy
pursued by  the  government in  the  matter  of  bounty,  back pay  and pensions, has
undoubtedly resulted in ascertaining the facts with regard to the greater portion of those
of the  dead  who were not  properly included  in the  original files.  Some notion of the
extent of tbe work thus  done, can be  formed  by comparing the  statement now made by
the Adjutant General, with former  published  statements based  upon  the records  of his
office at different intervals after the war.
     Thus, for  example,  in  Part VI of the Final Report of  the  Provost Marshal General
to the  Secretary of War, dated March 17, 1866,  there will be  found  under the head of
"Casualties in  the Military  Forces"  an official statement of  the mortality of the Army as
deduced from  the  muster  rolls and returns  of  the  Adjutant  General's  Office.  . This
'statement, which is given in tabular form on page 78 of tbe report, embraces a considerable
number of items, the consolidation of which gives the following results:
Number of deaths among White Officers and Men.............................................................  250, 651
Number of deaths among Colored Men........................................................................  29, 038
     Total...............................................................................................  279,689

     February  27, 1869, a report on the same subject was made by the Adjutant General
to the Secretary of War, for the information of a Committee of the House of Represen-
tatives.   This report, a copy of which was furnished to the  Surgeon General, contained a
" Consolidated  Statement of the number of Federal  Soldiers who died in  the  Service of
the  United States  during the Rebellion."  A consolidation of the  items of this table
furnishes the following results :
Number of deaths among White Officers and Men............................................................  261, 036
Number of deaths among Colored Men......................................................................  33, 380
     Total..............................................................................................  294,416
     A comparison between these three sets of figures which show the number of deaths
known  to the office of the Adjutant General, in March 1866, February 1869, and October
1870, respectively, will afford some notion of  the laborious and  conscientious  manner in
which that officer and his assistants have endeavored to perfect the  Official Record of
Deaths. 
XXXII                            INTRODUCTION.
     The figures offered at the last date will probably receive still further accretions in the
future;  yet, as the number of new names  added to the  list  during the three  months
immediately preceding October 25, 1870, was only one hundred, it cannot be presumed
that the whole number finally recorded will be very much greater than that now presented.
     In appreciating  the  evidence  derived  from this source, the  possibility  that a few
deaths may have been erroneously recorded by mistake, or in  consequence of fraudulent
evidence, must, of course, receive consideration.   It must also be confessed, that, notwith-
standing all the pains taken, a certain number of deaths must  eventually escape record.
Nevertheless, when all the circumstances are taken  into consideration, and especially the
pecuniary interests involved, the scrutiny which this circumstance has compelled, the large
number of  names added to the list annually for several years after the close of the war,
and the small number added recently, it may well be believed that a close approximation
to the actual facts has now been attained.
     The next source  of information for consideration is  the office >of the Quartermaster
General.
     According to the Army Regulations in force at the commencement of the  war, it was
the duty of the Quartermaster's Department  to provide for the Burial of deceased soldiers.
The great increase of the national forces caused by the war, and  the large number of dead,
suggested, early in the course of the struggle, the idea of National Cemeteries especially
designed for this purpose.
     By an act of Congress approved July 17, 1862, the President of the United States
was authorized to purchase cemetery grounds and cause them to be enclosed for the burial
of "the soldiers  who shall die in the service of the Country."
     After the close of the war it was deemed necessary to legislate still further on  the
subject,  and it was provided by Public Resolution No. 21, approved April 13, 1866, "that
the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and required  to  take  immediate
measures to preserve from desecration the graves of the soldiers  of the United States,  who
fell in battle or died of disease in the field and in hospital during  the War of the Rebellion;
to secure suitable burial places in which they may be properly  interred, and to have the
grounds enclosed, so  that the resting places of  the honored dead may be kept sacred
forever."
    In  the following year an act "to establish and protect National Cemeteries" was
approved February 22, 1867, which provided in  detail  for the  purchase of grounds, the
management and inspection of cemeteries, and the punishment of any  person who should
mutilate monuments or injure the trees and plants.
     In  obedience to  the  regulations  in force at the commencement of the war, and to
orders issued by  the War Department, from  time to  time, in accordance with the spirit of
these acts, every effort would appear to have  been made to collect the remains of tbe dead,
to inter  them decently, and to record all the facts known in connection with each grave!
The  thorough character of the work may be inferred from tbe  circumstance that it  has 
INTRODUCTION.
XXXTII
already cost upwards of three millions of dollars.  After no other war, whether of ancient
or modern times, have any such systematic exertions been made to secure the collection of
the  dead and their  interment  in permanent resting places.  It is proper, therefore, that
the  statistician should give the fullest consideration to the information derivable from this
source.
     The Quartermaster General, in his annual report for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1865, elated November 8, 1865, makes the following statement: " Under General Orders
No. 40, of  July 3, 1865, which, on the conclusion of the war, called upon the officers of
this department for special reports of the number of interments registered during the war,
reports  have been  received from officers  in seventeen States, including  the  District of
Columbia.  They report the interments registered in their offices  at 116,148.   Of these
there were whites, 95,803 ;  colored,  20,345 ;  loyal, 98,827;  disloyal, 12,596 ;  refugees,
600;  contrabands,  4,125."
     In his annual report for the following  fiscal year, dated October, 1866, the same
officer furnishes an  elaborate account of the efforts being made under his  supervision, to
collect the  remains of the dead and to establish National Cemeteries.  Forty-one National
Cemeteries had been established at the close of the fiscal year terminating June 30, 1866,
and ten more had been determined upon.  Four hundred  and twelve cemeteries, not the
property of the Nation, were known to contain  the remains of soldiers.  Up to the date
mentioned  87,664  had been removed and reinterred;  the National  Cemeteries already
contained " the remains of 101,528 loyal soldiers."   It was believed that 135,881 bodies
would yet have to be moved and reinterred, and the total number of the remains " of loyal
soldiers" was estimated at 341,670.
     As the work of collecting the  remains of the deceased  soldiers from  battle-fields,
way sides,  and private cemeteries progressed, it was found that these estimates were not
exact.  The number of bodies which it seemed  desirable to move and reinter,  was found
to be somewhat larger than had been  anticipated, and the  total number of remains proved
considerably less than the estimate.
     Inquiries made at the office of the Quartermaster General in November, 1870, showed
that about  two  hundred and forty thousand  bodies had been moved  and  reinterred, and
a few hundred more still required the same care.  At that  time there were seventy-three
National Cemeteries devoted exclusively to the-burial of the dead who had fallen during
the rebellion in the service of their country.   Bodies of  " deceased Union soldiers "  were
also  known to be buried in three hundred and  sixteen local, private, or post cemeteries.
The total number of graves, so far as known, was 315,555.  These were all believed to
contain the bodies of Union soldiers who had died or been  killed during the rebellion, but
of the whole number 172,109 only,  or rather more than one-half, bad been identified by
name.
     It appears, therefore,  that while, as it has  been  shown, the names of 303,504 dead
officers and soldiers are recorded in the office of the Adjutant General with every reasonable
      5* 
 XXXIV                           INTRODUCTION.
 probability that the list does not  embrace  quite the whole number,  the records of tbe
 Quartermaster  General show the  existence of 315,555  graves, believed to contain the
 remains of officers  and soldiers dead during tbe Rebellion.  The question, therefore, at
 once arises, what statistical  value  can be attached to the latter figures as indicating the
 real number  of the' dead?   There can be no doubt that the officers to whom the task of
 collecting the bodies of the dead was entrusted, performed  their work with zeal and  care.
 Yet from the very  nature of  the case, the greater portion of the labor  was done after the
 war had  closed, and most of the bodies collected from their temporary resting places on
 battle-fields, or elsewhere throughout the Southern States, had  been several years in the
 ground.  The whole country was divided into districts and the most careful inquiries  were
 made by the officer in charge of the Cemeterial work of each, so that it is  not likely that any
 considerable number of soldiers' graves could have escaped observation.  But, on the other
hand, is there no probability that in disinterring the nameless dead, the bodies of teamsters^
camp followers, refugees, fugitive slaves, or even Confederate soldiers may have been mis-
taken at times for those of our own  men?   There appears to be little doubt that those
engaged upon the work took every reasonable precaution-to avoid, mistakes, and that every
available source of information was freely consulted.  Yet the extent to which clothing and
arms captured from the United States were used by the Confederates, must have interfered
 considerably with the certainty of such identifications.  Taking  all the  circumstances into
 consideration, it would hardly be  possible  therefore  to  regard  the  number  of graves as
 affording any very precise indication of the.mortality of  our armies, if no other fact  than
 this number existed for our guidance.   Yet when the  close agreement between the number
 of graves and the number actually  known to be dead as shown by the evidence in the
 Adjutant  General's Office is taken into consideration, there would appear to be no great
 difficulty in arriving at an approximative judgment.  The real number is assuredly greater
 than the number of names recorded up to the  present date at  the office of  the Adjutant
 General.  It  cannot reasonably be supposed to exceed the total number of graves.  The
 truth must probably be between three hundred and four and three hundred  and sixteen
 thousand deaths.
     A comparison  must now be made between the foregoing  figures and the testimony to
 be derived from the office of the Surgeon General.  About the date of the close of the war
 a series of alphabetical registers of  the dead were commenced in that office.  In  these
 books the names of the dead, as given on the monthly sick reports, were entered, and sub-
 sequently all the additional names  found in the Registers of the closed hospitals and  other
 records turned in to tbe office after tbe war, were carefully added, every pains being taken
 to avoid duplicating names.   The  Commissioner of Pensions soon adopted the practice of
 referring to the Surgeon General for  information as to the Cause of Death of those soldiers
 whose widows or heirs applied  for pension.  The Adjutant General, in order  to complete
 his death records, in the manner already described, applied for  information as to the fate
 of many thousands  of soldiers reported on the muster  rolls as absent from their Regiments ■ 
INTRODUCTION.
XXXV
the Paymaster General and Second Auditor made continual applications for  similar infor-
mation to enable them  to settle claims for  back  pay or bounty, and  all these demands
have compelled a most pains-taking and thorough examination of the records.
     A consideration of the sources from which the Surgeon General's records are derived
would  render it  probable, even before examining the results, that while they would excel
those of the Adjutant General in the presentation of details with regard to the nature of the
Disease or Injury which was the Cause of Death, they would contain a much smaller number
of dead men's names.  These records are, in fact, principally derived from the reports and
record  books of the Medical Officers of the Army.   They could not be expected to contain
complete lists of those Killed in Battle, of those who died while Prisoners of War, or of the
deaths in detachments  unprovided with  Medical Officers, and  this has, in fact, proved to
be  the  case.   Yet although  the number of dead recorded  in  the alphabetical  death
registers of the  Surgeon General's Office is less than  the  total number reported by the
Adjutant General, the figures differ much less than might have been anticipated.
     A careful count of these  death  registers  made in October 1870, for the purposes of
this work,  gives the following  results.
     The total number of deaths recorded, embracing officers and men of the Regular Army
from April 15,  1861, to June  30, 1865, inclusive,  and officers and  men of the Volunteer
forces, both white and colored, while in service, from the date of their muster-in to the  date
of their muster-out, is 282,955, being 20,549  less  than the corresponding  figures of the
Adjutant  General,  or about nine-tenths  of  what  may be  safely regarded  as  the  whole
number of deaths within the limits specified.  The deaths contained in these registers are
distributed as follows :
Regular Army, Officers and Enlisted Men...................................................................    5,200
Volunteer Army, Officers and Enlisted Men including Officers of Colored Troops................................  245,690
Enlisted men of Colored Troops............................................................................  32, 065
     Total..............................................................................................  232,955
     A detailed examination into the discrepancies existing between these figures and those
of the Adjutant General shows that the chief difference exists in tbe case of the enlisted
men of the Volunteer  Army; tbe total  number of  dead among tbe enlisted men of the
Volunteer  Army as recorded in tbe  office of the Adjutant General being 256,427, while
the  total  number recorded in  tbe office of the Surgeon  General is  but 237,150.   The
difference is 19,277, which is  by far the greater portion of the total discrepancy.   This
discrepancy is mainly  due to  the opportunities  enjoyed by the Adjutant General's Office
for accumulating evidence of  the fact of death in individual cases since the war.  In the
case of the Colored troops, also, the Adjutant General has a greater  number of  names,
while,  on  the other hand, in  the case  of the Regular Army the records of  the Surgeon
General contain several hundred more names than are reported by the Adjutant General.
     A further examination into the alphabetical registers of the Surgeon General's Office
fully bears out the presumption that while they would contain a somewhat smaller number
of names  than  have been recorded as dead  by  the  Adjutant General, they might be 
 XXXVI                            INTRODUCTION.
 expected to afford  particulars as to  the Cause of Death in a  much greater number of
 instances, the principal exception being in the case of those who were  Killed in Battle.
      A comparison of the two sets of  records would seem likely, therefore, to afford the
 means of arriving at some general conclusions with regard to the proportion of the whole
 number of the dead who were Killed in Battle,  Died of Wounds,  or Died of Disease.
      The latest report by the Adjutant General which makes any discrimination  between
 the  several Causes of Death, is  the report of February 27,  1869, to  which allusion has
 already been made.   Of  the 294,116  deaths  included in the report, 55,297 are  given  as
 dead of Unknown Causes..  The  rest  are classified as Killed in Battle,  Died of Wouncls,
 Died of Disease, and died  of Other Known Causes.
     This report gives the number of Killed in  Battle as 44,238 distributed as  follows:
 Regular Army, Officers and Men...........................................................................   1,355
 White Volunteers, Officers and Men.........................................................................   41, 369
 Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men..........'.................................................................   1,514
     Total killed in battle............................................'-....................................   44,233

     The alphabetical registers of the Surgeon General's Office contain, as  already indicated,
a much smaller number of deaths of this class.  They sum up 35,408, distributed as follows:
 Regular Army, Officers and Men.............................,..............................................     831
White Volunteers, Officers and Men........................................................................   33) 805
 Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men...........................................„..............................     772
     Total killed in battle................................................................................   35; 408

     For the Killed in Battle, therefore, it is clear that the figures of the Adjutant General's
 report must be preferred; yet in view of-the  55,297 men borne on the same report  as
 dead from Unknown Causes, it cannot be believed that even these  figures represent the
 whole' number Killed in  Battle.   They  are simply to be regarded  as  the least numbers
 which can safely  be employed to represent this category, and  an additional estimated
 number should be added,  to be determined after a consideration of the  numbers which will
be shown to have  died from  other causes.
     Next, with regard to the number of those  who Died of  Wounds.    The report of the
Adjutant General  represents the total number of this class as 33,993, distributed as follows:
Regular Army, Officers and  Men...............................................
White Volunteers, Officers and Men...........................                      ..................     **'^„
Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men.......................     " *        .................................   6-> ™°
                                            ..............................................:   1,037
     Total died of wounds................................................                            qq~aao

     The  alphabetical registers of  the  Surgeon General's Office, however, permit us very
materially to increase these figures.  The total number of deaths from wounds and injuries
recorded by name on them is 49,205,  which are distributed as follows :
Regular Army, Oilicers and Men.....................
White Volunteers, Officers and Men.................................................................  1> 174
Colored Volunteers. Enlisted Men.....                          ..................................---  46, 27Y
                               ...........:.....................................................  1,760
     Total deaths from wounds and iniuries
                           J     ...............................................................  49,205 
INTRODUCTION.
XXXVII
     The  same reasons which rendered it  proper to regard the  figures of the  Adjutant

General's report as the least number which can  be believed  to  represent  the Killed  in

Battle, compel the recognition of the above count from the Surgeon  General's registers as

the least number that can be believed to have Died from Wounds and Injuries.

     There are besides on the registers the  names of 302 officers and  men reported  to

have committed Suicide,  103 Homicides, and 121 Executions, making a total of 526 deaths

from these causes,  distributed as follows:

Regular Army............................................................................................     27
White Volunteers..........................................................................................    442
Colored Volunteers........................................................................................     57

     Total suicides, homicides and executions...............................................................    526


     Next, with regard to the number who Died  of Disease.   The report of the Adjutant

General gives the number of this class as 149,043 distributed as  follows:

Regular Army, Officers and Men............................................................................  2, 428
White Volunteers, Officers and Men......................................................................... 12(1, 404
Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men...........................................................................  26, 211

     Total.............................................................................................. 149, 043
     Here again the death registers of the  Surgeon General's Office record a much larger

number of names.   The total  number of deaths of this class entered on the books being

186,216,  distributed as  follows:

Regular Armv, Officers and Men............................................................................  3, 009
White Volunteers, Officers and Men......................................................................... 153,995
Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men...............*........................................................... 29, 212

     Total number of deaths from disease.................................................................. 186, 216


     Of course,  in forming an estimate of the total number of Deaths from Disease, prefer-

ence is to be given to these  figures.

     Seeing then that  the report of the Adjutant General affords the nearest approximation

to the Whole Number of Deaths, and to the number Killed in Battle, while the registers  of

the Surgeon General's Office afford the  nearest  approximation  to the number  of deaths

from Wounds and from  Disease, we will find that of the whole number of  deaths  the causes

of but 24,184 remain Unknown, and the following table presents a synoptical view of the

conclusions indicated in the course of  the foregoing remarks:
Killed in battle................
Died of wounds and injuries___
Suicide, homicide, and execution
Died of disease...............
Unknown causes..............


    Total....................
Regulars.
1,355
1,174
  27
3,0(19
  159
5,724
  White
Volunteers
 Colored
Volunteers.
 41, 369
 46, 271
   442
153,995
 23,188
265,265
 1,514
 1,760
   57
29,212
  837
33, 380
Total.
 44,238
 49,205
   526
186,216
 24,184
304, 369
     The  total in this table foots up a few hundred  deaths more than  are  reported by

the Adjutant General, and this  on account of the  mortality of  the Regular  Army beino- 
xx:xvn i
INTRODUCTION.
estimated here as rather greater than is shown in his report.   Tins greater estimate results
partly from accepting as the number of Killed  in Battle among the Regular  troops the
number of names so reported to the Adjutant General, partly from the fact that the Surgeon
(Jeneral's Death  Registers contain a larger number of names of regular  soldiers dead of
Wounds and  Disease, and  partly from the  circumstance that the  count of the latter has
been made to go up to the close of the fiscal year terminating June 30, 1865, representing
thus the deaths of one month more than is embraced in the Adjutant General's reports.
     Bv consolidating the deaths from violent causes in the  foregoing table we  obtain the
following general view:
Reimkm
Violent deaths___
Deaths from disease
Unknown causes...

   Total........
2, 556
3,009
 159
72-1
  White
Volunteers.
 88, 082
153, 995
 23,188
265, 265
 Colored
Volunteers.
 3,331
29, 212
 • 837
33, 380
Total.
 93, 969
166,216
 24,184
304, 369
     From  this view  it will be seen that of  280,185 deaths  from known  causes, the
proportion of violent deaths to the whole number was one out of every three deaths.   A
very great  difference, however, existed between the White and Colored  troops in  these
respects.  In the case of the White troops, out of 247,642 deaths from known causes, the
proportion of violent deaths to the whole number of deaths was  one out of every two and
seven-tenths.  In the case of the Colored troops out of 32,543 deaths from known causes
the proportion of violent deaths to the whole number  of deaths was one out of every nine
and eight-tenths.   Some difference also appears to exist in this respect between the Regular
and Volunteer troops; the proportion of  violent deaths  to  tbe  whole number of deaths
from known causes being one  to  two and two-tenths  for the first, and  one  to two and
seven-tenths for  the second of these classes.   It is true that these figures do not represent
the whole number of deaths, nevertheless the deaths from unknown causes  bear so  small
a proportion to the whole  number, and  the probability that these also are distributed  in
nearly the same  manner among the several causes is  so great that it cannot be supposed
the general result would be materially modified had it been possible to ascertain the  cause
of death in every case.
     It is desirable next to endeavor to form an estimate of the ratio existing between the
number of deaths and the the number of troops engaged.   This has already been done' in
various quarters, on entirely dissimilar principles.   In the first place, the number of deaths
has been compared with the total number of  enlistments; but it will at once be seen that
on this plan we shall get no results which can be fairly compared with  the death rates of
civil populations;  for the term of service for which the troops  were enlisted during the
war was shorter  than the duration of the war itself; some were  enlisted for three months
some for one  hundred days, some for one year, some  for  three  years or more; and since
the same man, in vast numbers of  cases, was re-enlisted, often  several times during the 
INTRODUCTION.
XXXIX
war, the total number of enlistments  does not bear any such relationship to the men
engaged as would indicate their actual  number.
     Another method employed has been to compare the number of deaths with the number
of enlistments reduced to terms of service of three years.   This has been done by counting
three enlistments for one year, or twelve for three months, as one three year's enlistment.
The number of three year's enlistments thus obtained is stated in the report of the Adjutant
General of February,  1869, as 2,073,112 white enlisted men.   The total number of com-
missions issued to white  officers  was 83,935, and the total number of colored enlistments
178,895.   It is remarked in the report that the number of officers and colored enlistments
are " all considered three years;  most were recruited for that period,  and those for shorter
periods cannot be classed without a laborious  examination  of numerous muster rolls."
     It is obvious, however, that  these figures could not be used for our present purpose,
even  were they all reduced to terms of service of three years,  for immense numbers of men
enlisted or were commissioned more than once in three-year organizations, hence appearing
twice or oftener in the above enumeration, and without  such an investigation of the rolls
as is  not at present practicable,  it would not  be possible to ascertain the number of such
cases.  Moreover, there are no means,  short of following  out the history of each man on
the rolls, of ascertaining the time which those who enlisted for three years actually served.
Besides those who died or were discharged for disability at various periods of their term of
service, it is well known that the large local bounties induced many men to desert at an
early period, who  speedily enlisted again in  some other organization in  order to  secure a
double bounty;  in short, it would appear impossible, at the present time, to arrive at such
definite results with regard to this subject as would  serve as a sound  basis for the calcula-
tion of instructive ratios.
     Another plan remains which, though  it  cannot be hoped to be  made perfectly accu-
rate,  would seem to offer the greatest probability  of arriving at valuable results.
     The actual strength of the army, as ascertained at certain dates during the  progress
of the war, may be made use of to calculate  the mean strength constantly in service, and
this result may be compared with the number of deaths  known to have occurred during
the period represented.
     In the case of the Colored troops, the Adjutant General has furnished to the Surgeon
General a complete statement showing separately the number of commissioned officers and
enlisted men of these organizations, present and absent, from September, 1862, till Decem-
ber, 1867, when the last colored regiment was  mustered out of service, being a period of five
years and four months.   From this statement the following average mean strength for the
period has been computed for enlisted men only.  Average  strength present, 35,640: absent,
6,699;  aggregate, 42,339.   The total  number of deaths  for the  same period among the
colored enlisted men was  33,380, being at the rate of  6,259 deaths for each year, or an
annual death-rate of 148 per  1000 of average  aggregate mean  strength.   Subdividing
this death-rate, in accordance with the ratio  of violent to other deaths already indicated 
XL
INTRODUCTION
for this class, we  shall  have an  annual  ratio of 15 violent  deaths and 133 deaths  from

disease per 1,000 of strength.
     In the case of the Regular Army, the Adjutant General has published reports of the

strength present  and absent at various dates, from which those representing the strength

en  the first of each  year have been selected.   The  figures,  as  here presented, include

both officers and men.
January 1, 1861............
   "  1,1862............
   "  1,1863............
   "  1,1864............
   "  1,1865............


     Average mean strength
Present.
14,663
19,871
19,169
17,237
14,661
17,735
Ahsent.    Aggregate.
1,704
2,554
6,294
7,399
7,358
5,194
16, 367
22,425
25,463
24, 636
22, 019
22, 929
     The total  number of deaths in the Regular Army being 5,724 between the 15th of

April, 1861, and 30th of June,  1865, a period of four years two months and  a half,  would

give an annual average of 1,360 deaths, or an annual death-rate of 59 per 1,000 of strength,

which, divided  between violent deaths and those from disease, would give an annual ratio

of 27 violent deaths and 32 deaths  from disease per 1,000 of strength.

     The strength of the White  Volunteers on certain dates maybe obtained by subtracting

from statements made by the Adjutant General giving the strength of the total  Volunteer

force at  certain dates during the war,  the known strength of the Colored enlisted men for

the  same month, and  using the resulting figures as data for  computing the mean.   The

following table, in which both officers and men are included, was obtained in  this manner :
July 1, 1861..................
January 1. 18G2..............
  "  " 1. 1863..............
      1,1864..............
      1,1865..............
March  31, 1865..............



      Average mean strengtht
Present.
Ahsent.   ( Aggregate
169,480
507, 333
676,175
540,643
523,536
554,720
   849
 46,159
212,859
237,650
309,395
294, 351
170, 329
553,492
889,034
778,293
832,931
849,071
544,704
196, 803 i   741,507
     The total number of deaths of this class has been stated above at 265,265.  Of this

number, however, the  death registers  of the Surgeon General's  Office  show that  4,553

died subsequently to June 30,  1865, which would  leave a total of 260,712 deaths from

the outbreak of the  War to that time, being at the rate of 65,178 deaths annually  or 88
     * Calculated by the formula given in the "English Life Table."  London, 1864   Pa~e XV

     t Calculated by the formula just cited with the modifications required by the irregurar dates of the enumerations at the
banning and end of he ser.es.  The count of March 31, 1865, is assumed as the mean of the six months in the mWdl  f
which it was made   I l,e number m service increased up to May 1, 1865, (see the Report of the Secretary of War for t£
ending June 30. 1866, page 78.) and decreased rapidly during the two following months.                      *" 7&a 
INTRODUCTION.
XLI
  per 1,000 of average aggregate mean strength.  Subdividing  this ratio  between violent
  deaths  and deaths from disease  in accordance to the proportion of these  classes already
  indicated, we shall have an annual ratio of 33 violent deaths and 55 deaths from  disease
  per 1,000 of average aggregate strength.
      Having thus, from independent sources, arrived at a general view of the total mortality
  of our  forces during the War, we  are now prepared to make use of the conclusions thus
  obtained as affording the means of  forming a judgment with regard to  the completeness of
  the tables contained in this volume.
      The total number of deaths embraced in the tables for  White troops, which include
  the  officers as well as the men of both Regular and Volunteer organizations, is shown  in
  Table C, page 611, to be  166,623.   The total number of deaths of Colored enlisted men
  contained in the tables for Colored troops is shown in Table CXI, page 710, to be 29,004,
  making an aggregate of 195,627 deaths.   But, as has been fully explained already, these
  tables do not include the Killed in Battle, those who died while Prisoners of War, or any of
  those who  died while absent from their commands, excepting only the deaths in hospital
      Now, of the whole number  of 304,369 deaths known to have occurred during the
  War, we have already seen that at least 41,238 were Killed in Battle.  The report of the
  Adjutant General  of  February, 1869, sets forth also 26,168 deaths, included in the whole
  number as having occurred among those of our men who  were prisoners in  the hands  of
  the enemy.   There are no means of ascertaining, with precision, the number of deaths among
  others absent from their commands; but if the two items just given, neither  of which can
  be regarded as representing all the  deaths of the categories specified, be deducted from the
  whole number, we shall have 233,963 deaths remaining, the greater portion of which ought
  to appear upon the tables  if these were absolutely complete.   But the number the tables
  actually contain is 195,627, or eighty-three  hundredths of the whole number of deaths
  which remain, after deducting the Killed in Battle and the deaths among Prisoners of War.
  So that, in a general way, it may fairly be  concluded  that the  tables cover about nine-
  tenths  of the class of facts they are intended to embrace.   This  proportion is  certainly
  large enough to give great weight to their indications with regard  to  the  comparative
  frequency and mortality of different diseases, of the same  disease  at various  times and in
  different- regions, and some other important  questions with  regard to the sickness and
  mortality of  our armies during the War.
      Besides the sickness  and mortality tables  this volume contains synoptical tables
*  showing the causes of Discharge of enlisted men from the  service on surgeon's  certificate
  of disability, for White and Colored troops separately.  These tables were made up  from
  the lists of discharges accompanying reports of medical officers to the Surgeon General.
  These lists specified  the discharged soldiers by name, and  were intended  to  set forth the
  cause and date of discharge in each  case.  A count of the discharged soldiers thus reported
  shows   a total  of  215,312 white  and  8,223 colored troops, which  are  the  numbers
  represented in the  tables.
       6* 
XL1I
INTRODUCTION .
     The Adjutant (ieneral, in his letter to the Surgeon General of October 25, 18/0, sta
the number borne on the rolls filed in his office as discharged for disability, as follows :

Unlisted Men of the Regular Army.........................................-  ..............           " "  „Qi)
Knlisted Men of the Volunteer Army................................................................         (V
Knlisted Men of Colored Troops.................................................................
     This number may safely be taken as a close approximation to the actual number of cases.
     Unfortunately the  reports made to the  Surgeon General did not always  specify dis-
tinctly the  cause of discharge, as was required by the regulations on the subject, and hence
it will  be  seen by an examination of Tables CI and  CXII that of the whole number
reported there were 25,915 discharges of white and  1,226 of colored enlisted men, the
causes  of which cannot be  stated.   There still  remain, however,  189,397  discharges of
white,  and  6,997 of colored soldiers,  which are distributed among  the several causes of
discharge, and  this is a sufficiently large proportion to enable valuable deductions to be
made from the facts presented.
     In the preparation of Tables CI and CXII it was deemed advisable to depart somewhat
from the list of diseases used in  the tabular form of sick report, which  served for the con-
struction of the tables of Sickness and Mortality, in order that the tables might correspond,
as closely as possible, with the reports made.   Moreover, on account of the number of men
reported as discharged from service on account of Old Age, Deformities, and other conditions
belonging to  Dr. Farr's class of Developmental Diseases, it was thought best to represent
this  class also, on  these two  tables.   Almost without exception the  causes of discharge
reported under this head existed prior to the enlistment of the soldier,  and ought to  have
prevented him from being received into the service.
     With  the foregoing considerations, the tables embraced in this volume are now sub-
mitted to the consideration of medical statisticians, as the first installment of the Medical
History of the  War. The  writer regrets greatly the  necessity of  publishing  first these
dry and severe details, in which it can hardly be expected the general medical reader will
be able to take much interest.  This course was rendered imperative, however, by the fact
that  in the subsequent volumes it will frequently be necessary  to  refer to  statistical
considerations, which could not be  accurately done until the tabulations of tin. present
volume were complete; and the tabulations  having  been completed, it  appeared a duty
to place them as soon as possible at the disposal of the other students of this subject,
throughout the  world.
     In the Second.Volume of this work it is proposed to discuss in detail, the  Diseases
which were the  chief causes  of the sickness, the mortality, and the discbarges for disability
recorded in this.   Histories of cases,  accounts of pathological investigations, records of the
work done  in the Army Medical Museum, and extracts from reports with regard to particular
disrases made from time to time to the Surgeon General, will be published, so far as seems
desirable to represent the more important  facts in  connection with these  subjects ;  and 
INTRODUCTION.
XLIII
an attempt will be made to offer such commentaries on the evidence recorded as may seem
likely to facilitate the examination of  the  topics discussed, by those who are  engaged in
the study of the sickness and mortality of  armies.
     An examination of Tables C and  CXI will show at a glance the subjects which must
necessarily receive chief attention.
     Foremost will be Camp Diarrhoea,  and Dysentery, and Camp Fevers.  Table C exhibits
129,386 deaths from disease among White troops, distributed among their several causes.
Table 0X1 contains 27,499 deaths from disease among Colored troops, distributed in like
manner.   It will be seen that of these numbers 37,794 deaths of white  and 6,764 of Colored
troops were due to the  several forms of Diarrhoea and Dysentery,  which must, therefore,
be regarded  as the  most important causes of the mortality from  disease in our armies.
Xext come  the several  forms of Camp Fever reported under such heads as Typhoid,
Typhus, Common Continued, Remittent, and  Typho-Malarial Fevers.  To these the tables
attribute 35,965 deaths of White, and 4,691 of Colored troops.
     The next most important cause of death among the  troops was Pneumonia, of which
14,738  deaths of White, and 5,233  of Colored troops are reported.
     Among the other  leading causes of mortality are Small Pox and Varioloid, Measles,
Consumption,  and Intermittent Fevers.
     In the matter of discharges  for  disability other affections assume prominence.  Thus,
from Tables CI  and CXII,  it will be  seen that the affections wliich caused the largest
number of discharges  among White troops  were: Consumption,  20,403;  Diarrhoea and
Dysentery,  17,389;  Debility, 14,500; Rheumatism,  11,779;  Heart Diseases,  10,636.
Among the  Colored troops  the  chief  causes of discharge were: Rheumatism, 874; Con-
sumption, 592; Debility, 540, and Diarrhoea and Dysentery,  359.
     This brief enumeration, which can readily be extended by the reader on an exam-
ination  of the tables, will serve  to  indicate  some of the more important  subjects which
must receive  consideration  in the  next volume,  for the completion of which, however,
considerable labor will yet be required.
                                                            J. J.  WOODWARD 
 
PART L-WHITE TROOPS.
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS. 
 
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS PRIOR TO JULY 1,1861.
    The reports received, chiefly from the three months' volunteers, prior to July 1, 1861,
or the  commencement of the  first fiscal year  of the war, have been  consolidated into
three tables.
    1. Atlantic Region,  Table I.
    2. Central Region, Table II.
    3. Consolidated table including both regions, Table III.

                           1. Atlantic Region—Table I.
    The reports  embraced in this table were  received from regiments of the column
under General Robert Patterson for May and June, 1861, from regiments in and around
Washington, D. C, under General I. McDowell and Colonel J. K. F. Mansfield, for  the
same months, and from regiments in the vicinity of Fortress Monroe, under General B. F.
Butler, for the month of June only.

                          2. Central Region—Table II.
    This table is made  up from reports received from tbe Department  of  tbe  Ohio,
commanded by General George B. McClellan, for the month of June, 1861. and chiefly
from regiments in Western Virginia, or the adjoining portion of Ohio. 
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  I.
Abstract  of  the  Sickness  and  Mortality  of  Troops  in  the  Atlantic   Region  prior  to
                                                    July 1,  1861.
Year............

Month..........

Mean Strength
LIST OF DISEASES.
CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
    Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhus Fever.................
Typhoid Fever................
Common Continued Fever.....
Remittent Fever..............
Quotidian Intermittent Fever..
Tertian Intermittent Fever___
Quartan Intermittent Fever---
Congestive Intermittent Fever.
Acute Diarrhoea...............
Chronic Diarrhoea.............
Acute Dysentery..............
Chronic Dysentery............
Erysipelas....................
Small-pox and Varioloid.......
Measles.......................
Scarlet Fever.................
Mumps........................
Epidemic Catarrh.............
Debility.....................
Other Diseases of this Order...
          ORDER II.—Enthatic Diseases.
21. Syphilis..............................
22. Gonorrhoea............................
23. Orchitis...............................
24. Stricture of the Urethra................
25. Serpent Bite..........................
26. Other Diseases of this Order...........
           Order IU.—Dietic Diseases.
27. Scurvy................................
28. Delirium Tremens.....................
29. Inebriation............................
 CLASS  II.—CONSTITUTIONAL  DISEASES.

           Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.
30. Gout.............................................
31. Acute Rheumatism................................
32. Chronic Rheumatism..............................
33. Anaemia..........................................
34. General Dropsy...................................
35. Cancer............................................
36. Tumors...........................................
37. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption.
39. Scrofula.....
    CLASS  III

40. "Worms.......
-PARASITIC  DISEASES.
Carried forward.
1861.
Mat.
16,161.
Cases.
   7
   17
   25
   38
   51
   19
   22
   2
1,217
   61
  104
   2
   15
 15
 16
 29
 B3


 90
266
 21
  2
120
104
  6
  1
22
2,433
Deaths.
June.
48,360.
Cases.
   8
   45
   93
  155
  206
  226
   11
   22
6,601
  101
  715
   29
   40
   38
  356
 63
 49
302
158


265
431
 52
 14
  3
  7
467
199
  6
  3
  5
  7
 42
10,847
13
Cases.
   15
   62
  118
  193
  257
  245
   33
   24
7,818
  162
  819
   31
   55
   46
  359
 78
 65
331
241


355
697
 73
 16
  3
  7
587
303
 12
  4
  5
  7
 64
13,280
Deaths.
31 
PRIOR  TO JULY  1, 1861,                               5
TABLE I.—ATLANTIC REGION—Continued
Year...................................			1861.			
Month.......^.....................................						
	May.		June.		TOTAL.	
Mean Strength...................................						
	16,161.		48, 360.			
						
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	2,433 2 83 5 15 16	6 1	10,847 3 176 42 20 49 15 4 7 114 155 5 34 1	25	13,280 5 259 47 35 65 15 7 8 185 211 5 49 2 1 5	31 1
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diseases of JYcrvous System.						
						
		1		9		10
						
		1				1
						
	3 1 71 56					
						
						
50. Toothache..........................................						
						
	15 1 1 1			1		1
Order n.—Diseases of Eye.						
						
			4			
						
	55 11 13 4 6 1 1		117 42 20 11 34 5 11		172 53 33 15 40 6 12	
						
ORDER III.—Diseases of Ear.						
						
						
						
						
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.						
	1 3		4 4 2		5 7 2	
						
						
						
	3 7 11 9 138 13 812 2 8		29 11 10 19 484 19 762 15 37 1 50 94 122 85		32 18 21 28 622 32 1,574 17 45 1 82 133 201 125	
70. Varicose Veins......................................						
		1				1
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.						
						
				1 1		1 1
						
						
						
						
	32 39 79 40					
						
		2		2		4
						
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.						
	11 72 253 87		184 364 813 154		195 436 . 1,066 • 241	
						
						
						
						
	4,414	12	14,979	39	19,393	51
						
 
6
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY   OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  I.—ATLANTIC REGION—Concluded.
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward.
  ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
 88. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
 89. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
 90. Fistula...........................................
 91. Haemorrhage from Stomach........................
 92. Piles.............................................
 93. Acute Inflammation of Liver......................
 94. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
 95. Hernia...........................................
 96. Jaundice.........................................
 97. Prolapsus Ani.....................................
 98. Inflammation of the Peritonaeum...................
 99. Inflammation of Spleen............................
100. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
101. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
 Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
102. Stone and Gravel.................................
103. Inflammation of Bladder..........................
104. Diabetes..........................................
105. Incontinence of Urine..............................
106. Difficulty of Urination.............................
107. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
LC8. Hydrocele and Hematocele........................,
109. Sarcocele.........................................
110. Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis......................
111. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
      Order VIII.—Diseases of Bows and Joints.
112. Anchylosis...................................
113. Exostosis....................................
114. White Swelling..............................
115. Necrosis.....................................
     Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
116. Abscess.......................................
117. Carbuncle.....................................
118. Whitlow.......................................
119. Boil...........................................
120. Skin Diseases..................................
121. Ulcers.........................................
122. Other Diseases of this Order....................
   CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
                    INJURIES.
123. Bums............................................
124. Concussion of Brain...............................
125. Compression cf Brain.............................
126. Contusion.........................................
127. Fracture..........................................
128. Dislocation.......................................
129. Sprain............................................
130. Incised Wounds..................................
131, Contused and Lacerated Wounds..................
132. Punctured Wounds................................
133. G unshot Wounds..................................
134. Poisoning.........................................
135. Suicide...........................................
136. Others of this Class................
1861.
MAY.
16,161.
Cases.
4,414
48,360.
Cases.
14,979


    21
    38
     5
    18
   125
    44
     6
    52
     1
     4
    32
259
 76
108
 38
 45
 62
101
 73
 16
109
 16
 15
 29
103
102
 36
 96
Deaths.
33
Cases.

19,393


    28
    50
     6
    20
   166
    48
    13
    77
     1
     5
    38
     1
   337
   129


     1
     3
     1
     I
    10
    21
     3
    12
    26
    23
146
 54
 59
 93
140
 98
 22
159
 27
 15
 45
140
127
 79
122
 22
137. Unclassified Diseases .
   35
   26

5.130
   207
   110

17,054
   242
   136

22,184 
PRIOR TO JULY  1,  1861.
TABLE  II.
Abstract  of  the  Sickness  and   Mortality  of  Troops  in   the   Central  Region  prior  to
                                                    July 1,  1861.
Month.
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
1861.
June.
18,590.
Cases.  Deaths
CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC  DISEASES.
    Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
 1. Typhus Fever.................
 2. TyphoidFever................
 3. Common Continued Fever.....
 4. Remittent Fever...............
 5. Quotidian Intermittent Fever..
 6. Tertian Intermittent Fever.....
 7. Quartan Intermittent Fever___
 8. Congestive Intermittent Fever.
 9. Acute Diarrhoea...............
10. Chronic Diarrhoea.............
11. Acute Dysentery..............
12. Chronic Dysentery............
13. Erysipelas....................
14. Small-pox and Varioloid.......
15. Measles.......................
16. Scarlet Fever.................
17. Mumps........................
18. Epidemic Catarrh.............
19. Debility......................
20. Other Diseases of this Order...
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.
21. Syphilis...
22. Gonorrhoea.
23. 0-rchitis.....................
24. Stricture of the Urethra.....
25. Serpent Bite................
26. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order in.—Dittic Diseases.
27. Scurvy............
28. Delirium Tremens..
29. Inebriation.........
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
          Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.
30. Gout........................
31. Acute Rheumatism..........
32. Chronic Rheumatism........
33. Anaemia....................
34. General Dropsy.............
35. Cancer.....................
36. Tumors.....................
37. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption.
39. Scrofula.....
CLASS III.—PARASITIC  DISEASES.
40. Worms.
Carried forward..
 35
 11
109
132
168
 38
 12
644
102
175
 21
 10
782
118
  3
128
 27


 61
225
 38
  1
  5
3,056 
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  II—CENTRAL  REGION—Continued.
Year............

Month...........

Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
            Brought forward............
 CLASS IV.—LOCAL  DISEASES.

Order I.—Diseases of the Nervous System.
41.  Apoplexy...........................
42.  Headache............................
43.  Inflammation of Brain...............
44.  Epilepsy............................
45.  Sun-stroke...........................
46.  Insanity............................
47.  Inflammation of Membranes of Brain.
48.  Nostalgia............................
49.  Neuralgia............................
50.  Toothache...........................
51.  Paralysis............................
52.  Other Diseases of this Order.........,
Order n.—Diseases of the Eye.
53. Amaurosis..................
54. Cataract....................
55. Inflammation of Iris.........
56. Night Blindness.............
57. Ophthalmia.................
58. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order m.—Diseases of the Ear.
59. Earache.....................
60. Inflammation of Internal Ear.
61. Otorrhcea....................
62. Deafness.....................
63. Other Diseases of this Order..
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
64. Aneurism.....................
65. Inflammation of Heart........
66. Inflammation of Endocardium.
67. Inflammation of Pericardium ..
68. Inflammation of Veins.........
69. Varicocele....................
70. Varicose Veins................
71. Other Diseases of this Order...
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72. Asthma.....................
73. Acute Bronchitis............
74. Chronic Bronchitis..........
75. Catarrh.....................
76. Haemorrhage from Nose.....
77. Haemorrhage from Lungs---
78. Dropsy of Chest............
79. Inflammation of Larynx.....
80. Inflammation of Pleura......
81. Inflammation of Lungs......
82. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
63. Abdominal Dropsy.
64. Cholera Morbus___
85. Colic..............
86. Constipation .
67. Dyspepsia ...
1801.
June.
18,590.
Cases.
3,056
 57
 63
116
  1
 10
  2
179
  2


 31
 36
  1
438
 32
  6
  1
 36
217
 15
 47
 48
196
  6
Deaths.
Carried forward.
4,764
11 
PRIOR  TO   JULY  1,  1861.
TABLE  II.—CENTRAL REGION—Concladed.
Year..

Month.
Mean Strength.
1861.
June.
18,590.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
                 Brought forward...................
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
88. Inflammation of Bowels...
89. Inflammation of Stomach.
90. Fistula...................
 91. Haemorrhage from Stomach___
 92. Piles.........................
 93. Acute Inflammation of Liver...
 94. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
 95. Hernia........................
 96. Jaundice......................
 97. Prolapsus Ani.................
 98. Inflammation of Peritonaeum...,
 99. Inflammation of Spleen........
100. Inflammation of Tonsils........
101. Other Diseases of this Order. -.
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
102. Stone and Gravel.............
103. Inflammation of Bladder......
104. Diabetes.....................
105. Incontinence of Urine........
106. Difficulty of Urination........
107. Inflammation of Kidneys.....
108. Hydrocele and Haematocele__
109. Sarcocele....................
110. Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis.
111. Other Diseases of this Order..
Order VLII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
112. Anchylosis.....
113. Exostosis___
114. White Swelling.
115; Necrosis........
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
116. Abscess___
117. Carbuncle.
118. Whitlow..
119. Boil......
120. Skin Diseases...............
121. Ulcers......................
122. Other Diseases of this Order.
CLASS  V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS,  AND INJURIES.
123. Burns...........................
124. Concussion of Brain.............
125. Compression of Brain............
126. Contusion.......................
127. Fracture........................
128. Dislocation......................
129. Sprain..........................
130. Incised Wounds.................
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds.
132. Punctured Wounds..............
133. Gunshot Wounds................
134. Poisoning........................
135. Suicide..........................
136. Others of this Class..............
137. Unclassified Diseases .
Total.
4,764
26
20
11
15
 2
17
 4
 1
93
58
 32
 24
  3
 23
158
 20
  5
 8
 3
 1
25
14
 9
46
24
30
12
12
 1
25
5,533
2 
10
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
                                                     TABLE  III.

Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality of the Troops in the  Atlantic and Central Regions
                                            prior  to  July  1, 1861.
Year...........

Month..........

Mean Strength
LIST OF DISEASES.
CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES.

    ORDER I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
 1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
 5.
 6.
 7.
 8.
 9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Typhus Fever...............
Typhoid Fever...............
Common Continued Fever____
Remittent Fever..............
Quotidian Intermittent Fever ..
Tertian Intermittent Fever---
Quartan Intermittent Fever___
Congestive Intermittent Fever .
Acute Diarrhoea...............
Chronic Diarrhoea.............
Acute Dysentery..............
Chronic Dysentery............
Er3"sipelas...................
Small-pox and Varioloid......
Measles......................
Scarlet Fever.................
Mumps.......................
Epidemic Catarrh............
Debility.....................
Other Diseases of this Order..
           ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases.
21. Syphilis..............................■
22. Gonorrhoea............................
23. Orchitis..............................■
24. Stricture of the Urethra................
25. Serpent Bite...........................
26. Other Diseases of this Order............
           Order III.-
27. Scurvy..............
28. Delirium Tremens ...
29. Inebriation..........
-Dietic Diseases.
 CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.

           Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.
30. Gout.............................................
31. Acute Rheumatism................................
32. Chronic Rheumatism..............................
33. Anaemia..........................................
34. General Dropsy..................................■
35. Cancer...........................................
36. Tumors...........................................
37. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
16,161.
Cases.
   1
   17
   25
   38
   51
   19
   22
   2
1,217
   61
  104
   2
   15
 15
 16
 29
 83


 90
266
 21
  2
         Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption............................
39. Scrofula................................
     CLASS III.—PARASITIC  DISEASES.
40. Worms.......................................
Carried forward.
120
104
  6
  1
2,433
1801.

 June.
66, 950.
Cases.
   13
   80
  104
  264
  338
  394
   49
   34
7,245
  203
  890
   50
   50
   38
1,138
181
 52
430
185


326
656
 90
 15
 11
511
283
  8
  3
 25
  9
 56


 73
  7
21
13,903
   20
   97
  129
  302
  389
  413
   71
   36
8,462
  264
.  994
   52
   65
   46
1,141
196
 68
459
416
922
111
 17
 11
631
387
 14
  4
 25
  9
 78
10
16,336 
PRIOR TO JULY 1, 1861.
11
TABLE III.—ATLANTIC AND CENTRAL REGIONS—Continued.
Year..............................................	1861.					
Month........................................						
	May.		June. Tot/			lL.
Mean Strength...................................						
	16,161.		G6,950.			
						
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	2,433 2 83 5 15 16	6 1	13,903 4 197 45 27 58 20 4 64 177 271 6 44 o	[ 30	16,336 6 280 50 42 74 20 7 65 248 327 6 59 3 1 5 2 351 55 64 51 49 8 12 o 5 7 3	36 1
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.						
				1		
		1		9		10
						
		1				1
						
	3 1 71 56					
						
						
50. Toothache..................................						
						
	15 1 1 1			1		1
ORDER II.—Diseases of Eye.						
						
			4 2 296 44 51 47 43 7 11 2 4 4 3			
						
57. Ophthalmia.............................	55 11 13 4 6 1 1					
						
ORDER III.—Diseases of Ear.						
						
						
						
						
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.						
	1 3					
						
				1		1
						
	3 7 11 9 138 13 812 o 8		30 12 12 24 582 20 1,200 47 43 1 51 130 339 100		33 19 23 33 720 33 2,012 49 51 1 83 169 418 140	
						
		1				1
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs. 72. Asthma.............................................						
73. Acute Bronchitis....................................						
				1 1		1 1
75. Catarrh......................................						
76. Haemorrhage from Nose.............................						
77. Haemorrhage from Lungs............................						
78. Dropsy of Chest....................................						
	32 39 79 40					
80. Inflammation of Pleura..............................						
		2		7		9
						
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.						
	11 72 253 87		231 412 1,009 160		242 484 1,262 247	
						
						
						
						
						
	4,414	12	19,743	50	24,157	62
						
 
12
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE IH.—ATLANTIC AND CENTRAL REGIONS—Concluded.
Year............... .....................	1861.					
						
	Mat.		June.		Total.	
						
	16,161.		66,950.			
						
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	4,414 7 12 1 o 41 4 7 25	12	19, 743 22 42 15 18 151 64 17 67 3 21 36 1 352 134 1 3 1 1 19 17 3 11 15 18 4	50	24,157 29 54 16 20 192 68 24 92 3 22 42 2 430 187 1 3 1 1 19 23 3 12 28 2G 4	62
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.						
						
90. Fistula............................................						
						
92. Piles..........................						
						
						
						
						
	1 6 1 78 53					
						
						
						
						
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs. 102. Stone and Gravel....................................						
103. Inflammation of Bladder.............................						
						
105. Incontinence of Urine...............................						
106. Difficulty of Urination...............................						
	6					
						
	1 13 8					
110. Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis........................						
						
Order VIH.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.						
						
	2 7 38 16 14 31 39 25 6 3		1 15 140 62 48 85 259 93 21 31 7 1 134 30 24 75 127 132 48 108 23		3 22 178 78 62 116 298 118 27 34 7 1 184 41 24 91 164 157 91 134 23	
						
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.						
						
						
						
						
121. Ulcers..............................................						
						
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES.						
						
						
	50 11					
				2		2
						
	16 37 25 43 26					
				1		1
						
		1		39		40
	35 26	6	232 112	1 1 5	267 138	1 1 11
						
	5,130			99	27, 717	118
		1Q	•M, Ob I			
 
FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
13
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS DURING THE FIRST
                      FISCAL YEAR OF THE  WAR,
                  (From July  1, 1861, to June  30,  1862.)
ATLANTIC REGION.
     The reports of sick and wounded from this region are here presented consolidated into
 statistical tables for seven armies or departments, as follows:

     1.  The Middle Department    ---____  Table   IV.
     2.  The Department  of the Shenandoah   -                      Table    V.
     3.  The Army of the Potomac -------  Table   VI.
     4.  The Department  of the Rappahannock -----  Table  VII.
     5.  The Department  of Virginia     --..__  Table VIII.
     6.  The Department  of North Carolina    -                      Table   IX.
     7.  The Department  of the South    ---__.  Table    X.
         To these tables  are added—
     8.  A table showing  the mortality in the general hospitals of the
         Atlantic Region    -                  _                Table   XI.
     9.  A consolidated table for the Atlantic Region -                Table  XII.

     The reports from stations in the New England and  Middle  States are too incomplete
to render it advisable to undertake the construction of a statistical table  for that region.
     The following remarks will  indicate what portions of  the troops  operating in the
Atlantic Region are embraced in each of the above divisions.

                    1.  The  Middle Department—Table IV.

     The Middle Department was created March 22, 1862, by General Orders, No. 28
but for  convenience the name is here applied for  the whole year to the  region including
Baltimore and the portions of Maryland indicated in the following paragraph.
    It embraces for July the  Department of Annapolis, which was created by General
Orders, No.  12, April 27,  1861, to include the  country for twenty miles  on each side of 
14
sickness and mortality of white troops
the railroad  from Annapolis to the city of Washington, as far as Bladcnsburg, Maryland,
General B. F. Butler to command;  headquarters after the middle of May being fixed in
Baltimore.   July 25th  the Department of Annapolis was merged into  the  Department
of Pennsylvania, which was to consist of the  States of Pennsylvania and  Delaware and
the State  of Maryland, with  the exception of the counties of Washington, Alleghany,
Prince George, Montgomery, and Frederick.   Only the troops in the part of  Maryland
thus defined are here included: General  J. A. Dix was in command.  August 17,1861,
this portion  of Maryland was  added to the Department of the Potomac, a part of which
it  continued to be, though still under the immediate command of General Dix, until
March 22, 1862, when  the  Middle Department was created, to consist of the States of
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, the Eastern Shore of Maryland  and Virginia,
and the counties  of Cecil, Hartford, Baltimore, and Anne Arundel, in Maryland.  General
John A. Dix in command until June 1, 1862,  when General John E. Wool was assigned.
All of the Middle  Department thus defined  is included  in  the table except the  States
of Pennsylvania  and New Jersey.
    The statistics include the troops employed in General Lockwood's expedition into the
Eastern Shore of Maryland  and Virginia  which set out in November, 1861, but do  not
include the regiments of the South Carolina expedition under General Sherman, or of the
North  Carolina expedition under General Burnside  during the period of their organization
at Annapolis.
               2.  The Department  of  the Shenandoah—Table V.
    This  table  embraces  the reports from  the  troops  under General Patterson, and
subsequently under General Banks on the Upper Potomac and in the Shenandoah Valley.
General Shields'  Division is included for March and April, 1862;  for May and June it is
embraced in the  Department of the Rappahannock.
    The Department of the Shenandoah was created July 19, 1861, by General Orders,
No. 46, to consist of the Army under General Robert Patterson in the Valley of Virginia,
General N. P. Banks assigned to command.  July 25, 1861, the counties of  Washington
and Alleghany, in  Maryland, and such other  parts of Virginia as may be covered by
the Army in  its operations,  were  added.   August  17,  1861,  it was  merged into  the
Department of the  Potomac, remaining, however, as a separate division still  under  the
command of General Banks.  This division is here included.  April 4, 1862, the command
of General Banks was again designated as the Department of the Shenandoah, which was
to consist of that portion of  Virginia and Maryland lying between the Mountain Depart-
ment  and the Blue Ridge.   June 8, 1862, the Department was extended  eastward to
include the Piedmont District and the Bull Mountain range.
    The Army under General Patterson crossed the Potomac early in July,  1861, and moved
through Martinsburg, returning after a short time to Harper's Ferry, where General Banks 
FOR THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE  30, 1862.                      15
took command.  General Banks withdrew the Army to Sandy Hook, on the north side of
the Potomac,  and ultimately  to  Darnestown, Maryland,  in the vicinity of which  he
remained till the latter part of November, when he marched northward and wintered with
the larger part of his command in the neighborhood of Frederick, Maryland.
     Towards  the end of February, 1862, he  crossed the Potomac  into the Shenandoah
Valley, where he operated till the close of the fiscal year.  The most important conflict
during the year was that at Winchester, March 23, 1862.

                    3. The Army of  the Potomac—Table VI.

     This  table includes  the Army in and  around Washington  up to the  latter part of
March,  1862,  and,  subsequently,  that  portion of  it which  operated on the Peninsula
between the James and York rivers against  Richmond.
     At the beginning of the fiscal year most  of  this Army  was in  Virginia before
Washington and  was included in  the Department of Northeastern Virginia, under the
command  of General I. McDowell.  The District of  Columbia,  Fort Washington, and
Maryland as far  as Bladensburg,  constituted  the Department of  Washington, Colonel J.
K.  F. Mansfield in  command.   The reports received  from both these  departments are
here included.
     August 17, 1861,  the Department of the Potomac was  created by General Orders,
No. 15, Headquarters of  the Army, to consist of the Departments  of Washington and
Northeastern Virginia, the Valley of the Shenandoah, and the States of Maryland and
Delaware, General G.  B. McClellan in command.  Table VI includes  all the reports
from this  Department,  with the  exception of those embraced, as already  explained,  in
Tables IV and V, under the designations Middle Department and Department of the
Shenandoah, which are presented  separately, although they were  officially united to the
Department of the Potomac, the first until March  22, and the second until April 4, 1862.
From the first  of April, 1862, to the close of the fiscal  year, the table embraces only the
reports from troops actually upon the Peninsula.
     The force here included lay in and around  Washington until  July  16, 1861, when
the  advance to Centreville was made which led  to  the  battle of Bull  Run, July 21st.
Subsequently the  Army  occupied the vicinity of Washington until  the latter part  of
March, 1862, when that  portion which is embraced in the  table descended  the Potomac
on transports  and, landing at  Fortress  Monroe,  advanced up the  Peninsula besieo-ino-
Yorktown from the 5th of April to the 4th of May, and. lying along the Chickahominy,
which was reached by the advance May 20th, until June 28th, when the  movement to
Harrison's Landing was commenced.
    The chief  engagements during the year, besides the battle of  Bull Run and the siege
of Yorktown, were the battle of Williamsburg, May 5, 1862, the battles of Fair Oaks and 
16
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
Soven  Pines, May 31st, and the series of  battles usually known as  the  "Seven-days,"
beginning June 25th and terminating with the battle of Malvern Hill, July 1st.

             4. The  Department  of the Rappahannock—Table VII.

     This Department  was created-by General  Orders, No. 34, April 4, 1862, to consist of
that portion of Virginia east of the Blue Ridge and west of the Potomac, and the Fred-
ericksburg  and Richmond Railroad, including the  District of Columbia and the country
between the Potomac and Patuxent rivers, General I. McDowell to command.
     The table represents the reports received for  April, May, and June,  1862, from the
troops within the above limits.   Fredericksburg was occupied May 4th by a portion of the
command, and May 24th a force was sent from that place to act against General Jackson
in the Valley of the Shenandoah.  This force had an engagement at Port Republic, June
8th and 9th.
                  5.  The  Department of Virginia—Table VIII.

     Under this head are consolidated all reports received from the Division in the vicinity
of Fortress Monroe, Virginia, under General  B.  F. Butler, until August  17, 1861, and,
subsequently, under General J. E. Wool.  June 1, 1862, this Division was placed  under
the  command of  General  McClellan,  the Department  of Virginia being  extended  to
include that part of Virginia south  of the Rappahannock and east of the railroad from
Fredericksburg to Richmond, Petersburg and Weldon.  In compiling the table, however,
for  the month  of June, only the reports from  troops at  Fortress Monroe and vicinity are
included, the Army of the Potomac being kept separate.
     With  this Department are consolidated  the reports received  during 1861 from the
expedition to Hatteras Inlet; subsequently they are  embraced in the Department of  North
Carolina.

               6.  The  Department of North  Carolina—Table  IX.

     The Department of North  Carolina was created by General Orders, No. 2, January 7,
1862, to consist of the  State of North Carolina; General A. E. Burnside to command.
The troops  for the North  Carolina expedition were_ assembled at  Annapolis, Maryland,
during the latter  part of  1861.  In January, 1862, the  expedition proceeded on  trans-
ports to  Roanoke  Island, which was  occupied after the engagement of  February 7th.
March 13th the greater part of the expeditionary  force landed near Newbern, in the
neighborhood of which it remained until  the close of the  fiscal year, though several other
points  were occupied by detachments.
     The chief engagements, besides that on Roanoke Island, were the battle  of Newbern,
March 14th, and the siege of Fort Macon, which  surrendered April 25th. 
                        FOR  THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1862.            •          17

                  7. The Department of the South—Table X.

     Under this head are included the garrisons at Tortugas and Key West for the whole
year, and  after the first of October, 1861, the  expeditionary force under  General T. W.
Sherman, which sailed from Fortress  Monroe towards the close of  October and landed at
Hilton Head after the surrender of Forts Beauregard and Walker, November 7th.   Several
of the neighboring islands and various points on the east coast of Florida were subsequently
occupied.
     The Department of the South was created by General Orders, No.  26, March  15,
1862, to consist of the States of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, General D.  Hunter
to command.   West Florida, however, has been throughout consolidated with  the Depart-
ment of the Gulf, although it was not officially  connected with it until a later period.
z 
18
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
             TABLE IV.



Abstract of the  Sickness and Mortality
Year.............................................					1861.					
Month...........................................										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
Mean Strength............................										
	1,753.		5,629.		6,560.		11,351.		13, C43.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	1 15				2 38 3 67 193 37	\ 8	1 90 17 234 230 97	1 11 1	9 58 30 109 223 64	3 10 o
2. Typhoid Fever....................................			12	2						
3. Common Continued Fever..................										
	2 2		18 104 26 40 3 731							
										
										
										
				1			4 668 49 104 3 5			
9. Acute Diarrhoea................................	146 1 28 1				527				234 3 55	
										
			31		19 1 5 1 187					
										
			6						10 7 170	1
14. Small-pox and Varioloid..........................										
			172				111			
										
			1		11		2 98 152 28 141 126 14		7 17 161	
										
19. Debility___»...............................	22 5 14 15 1		194 18 28 58 5		126 38 63 53 6 1					
20. Other Diseases of this Order......................										
Order n.—Enthetic Diseases. 21. Syphilis......................................									105 171 14	
										
23. Orchitis......................................										
										
										
										
Order in.—Dietic Diseases.									1 5 9	
	2 8		2		3 16		7 6			
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	17 24		33 33 17 1 2 5 6 3		35 63		82 82 6 1 2 12 17 3 1		145 76	
										
	1				2				2 1 15 14 1 1 1,737	1
					1 9					
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.										
39. Scrofula......................................	1 1									
										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES.					1					
										
			1,549	3	1,508	8				
										17
							2,393	13		
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
19
              TABLE IV.



of the  Troops in the Middle Department.
18G1.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
14,403.			14,751.		11,460.		12, 404.		11,560.		4,879.		5, 370.		9,480.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	2 61	1 11	5 22	1 3	1 16	1	1 17	1 2	4 17				13 22	1	. 39 376	9 54
										5	8	2				
3	17		2		59		13		25		25				191	
4	39		39		37	2	75		45		18		22		705	4
5	84		74		47		67		69		45		26		1,164	1
6	45		34		10		8		46		22		61		450	
7 8			19 4												59 36	9
	2			4	17	1	2		1	1	2	1	1	1		
9	186		147		101		290		241		59		260		3,610	
10 11	6 64		14 12		27 6		14 18		23 19				8 66		145 446	
											24					
12 13					1 10				1 6				2 7		9 74	1
	4		11				5				5	1				
14 15	2 344	7	2 83				5 26		1 163	3	4 2				22 1,336	12
					70	1							8			
16 17					1 35		3 63						19		4 488	
	33		213						112		12					
18 19							30 50		29 25				1 2	.......*	175 863	
	45		34		43						9					
20	5		10		30		31		26		3		21		215	
21	126		107		71		69		95		40		54		913	
22	151		143		116		79		106		33		107		1,158	
23	15		10		10		23		18		9		4		129	
24 25 26 27 28	1		1		1		1		2				2		9	
																
																
	1 14		1 12		o 4				3 7						8 77	1
							11				5		5	1		
29	10		28	1	25		24		31		7		1		165	1
30 31																
	29	1	152		137		134		171		25		32		992	1
32	44		30		51		88		49		23		12		575	
33 34 35 36			3		2 1		1		1 2						30 13 1 18 59	
	3															
			1 4													
							1		3		3		o			
37	2		1		2		16		3		2					
38	10		7	1	10		12	2	25	3	5	1	2		117	8
3!)					1		1		1		3				14 11	
40	2						1		4							
																
	1,327	20	1,225	10	944	5	1,179	5	1,374	12	393	5	760	3	14, 696	101
 
20
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE IV.—MIDDLE DEPARTMENT—Continued
					1861.					
										
	July. August.				September.		October.		November.	
										
	1,753.		5,629.		6,560.		11,351.		13,643.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.
	307		1,549	3	1,508	8	2,393 1	13	1,737 1 23	17
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
			3 1 2 8	1	54		34 ........			
										
	1 5				5 4		3 ........		7	
										
							1 ........		2	.......
			1	1						
					1 42 23		1 ........ 72 ........ 36 ........ 3 ........ 15 ........		24 25 19 1 7	1
	4		25 41							
										
										
			3		22					
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
					1 2					
									1	
										
			18		24 6 8 7 13		35 ........ 11 '........		21 6 1 4 12	
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.			5							
							8 1........ 15			
	1		13							
							1			
									6	
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
					1 1		l		1	
							1			
							3			
										
							4		1	
										
	2						4 4 252 3 370		8 7 218 3 411 1 7	1
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.			1 4		3 60					
	2									
										
	21		95		132					
										
	1		1 1		1		2			
										
							9 13 32 5	1	6 27 9 14	1 5
	1		3 7 114		6 4 139					
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.										
	18 36 21 13		18 19 155 5		27 24 147 16		36 61 194 10		8 45 144 13	
85. Colic.....................................										
										
										
										
	413		2,092	5	2,281	8	3,631	14	2,820	25
										
 
DURING  THE YEAR  ENDING  JUNE 30, 1862.
21
TABLE TV.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT—Continued.
1861. 1									1863.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
14,403.			14,751.		11,460.		12, 404.		11,560.		4,879.		5,370.		9,480.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,327	20	1,225	10	944	5	1,179	5	1,374	12	393	5	760	3	14, 696	101
41 42					4 33	o							1 16		7 376	2
	57		34				67		46		9					
43 44 45 46 47 48 49			2 4	1 1			1 o	1	2 12	o	1				7 53 19 24 2 27 286	5 1 2
	5				4								8 1			
											1					
	1		3 1	1	5		5		7							
																
													1 17			
	19		22		11		12		26		11					
50	31		14		10		5		8		16		19		ooo	
51 52	2 3						1 3		2 5				1 8		10 77	1
			4		3						4					
53 54 55 56 57																
			1 2						1 1			1			3 13	
					4		2						1			
																
	45		33		42		58		36		35		19		346	
58 59 60 61	2 3 3 6		1 2 6 8		4		7 6 12 5		7 5 2 3				5 2 7 6		49 32 » 60 88	
																
					11 1											
											5					
62 63	1 2						2								4 10	
													2			
64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71																
			1		1				1						5 1 10	
																
	3		1		3											
																
	1		5 2 4		3 1 1		4 2 3		1 4 4						19 9 32	1
																
													6	1		
72 73	2 326		6 132		5 146		1 80	1	1 48						30 1,308	2
											22		18			
74	6	1	207		39		5		17		6		1		287	1
75	593		871		950		834		573		90		54		4,994	
76 77	8 2						4 5		2 3		1 7		1 3		17 36	
			2		2											
78 79 80															1 129 234	4
	2 17		11 40		48 29		36 38		14 * 44				3 9			
										3	7					
81	33	7	47	2	33	1	73	3	64	4	13		6		321	23
8°			4		19	1	oo	1	26		7		4		354	o
83 84 85					1										1 148 299	1
	9 21	1	3 21				10 14		6 18				13 46			
					12						2					
86	79		119		105		94		106		25	55			1,244	
87	11		17		14		14		29		8	........' 16			166	
	2,620	29	2,855	15	2,488	9	2,606	11	2,498	21	643	5 ', 1,109		4	26,050	146
 
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE IV.—MIDDLE DEPARTMENT—Concluded.
					18	01.				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	1,753.		5,629.		6,560.		31,351.		13,643.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	413		2,092 1 5	5 1	2,281 2 6	8	3,631 3 3 1	14	2,820 2 7	25 1
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	4									
										
			1 12		2 14 1				1 19	
92. Piles................................................	3 1						12 1 2 23 27 1 1			
										
										
	3 10		9		7 11 2 2				20 3	
										
										
										
										
	2 3		3 24		9 137		16 32		38 16	
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
			1		1		1		3	
										
									2 4 3 1	
106. Difficulty of Urination...............................			1 4 1 1 3 4		8		1 1			
	1									
					1					
										
					5 10 1		5 11		2 4	
	2									
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
									1	
							1 1 18 15 2 18 26 15 7 4			
			1 4 4 3 13 10 4 33 4							
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	7				17 1 3 8 22 36 15				23 16 2 12 29 20 2 5	
117. Carbuncle...........................................										
118. Whitlow............................................	4									
119. Boil................................................										
	5 6 2									
121. Ulcers.............................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES.										
										
					1 35 2 2 22 9 28 5 8					
	22		19				40 2		37 4 o 57 21 30 5 11	1 1
										
										
	8 7 1						43 17 24 3 13 2	1		
			6 7							
										
										
133. Gunshot Wounds.............................	1 3		5	1						
										
								1		
136. Others of this Class...............			5 16	2	12 44		18 19		53 76 3,353	2
137. Unclassified Diseases..........	o									
Total.........................										
	510		2,296	9	2,770	8	4,060	16		30
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
23
TABLE IV.—MIDDLE DEPARTMENT—Concluded.
1861.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
14,403.			14,751.		11,460.		12,404.		11,560.		4,879.		5,370.		9,480.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137	2,620 1 11 3	29	2,855	15	2,458	9	2,606	11	2,498 3 14 1	21	643	5	1,109 3 2 1	4	26,056 15 83 8 7 173 23 21 145 81 8 11	146 2 1 1
			11 1 1 22 5 2 4 2		6		14 1 1 27 3 1 28 5 2 4									
																
											1 3 1 6 3 4					
	17 2 1 19 6 2	1			13				19 6 7 17 4 1 3				12 1 1 6 8			
				1	1 6 1											
													1			
																
	82 10		115 40		111 59		168 32 1 6		105 29 2 3		11 2		26 16		686 406 3 20 1 3 17 24 9 4 23 64 4 4 2 13 175 65 46 141 318 255 83 41 6 2 345 34 28 278 141 252 54 72 12	1 1 1 1 8 2 1 2 6
	1 1		2		1						1					
																
							1 2 1									
					1											
	2		1						2 1 2 1 9 1		2 1		7 2			
					2											
							1 1 1 1									
	1 2		3 14								2 3					
					4 1											
																
											3					
									1 4 14 2 8 12 22 30 3 5 1							
					1 17 3 7 33 62 41 9 9 1 1 24 2 7 22 13 34 4 2	1	3 12 4 6 18 43 32 3 5 2	1			3 7 2 4 1 15 9					
	40 11 2 24 40 22 3 3		6 4										10 3 5 2 14 15			
			20 30 25 6 4 2													
													2			
																
																
	51 5 14 45 17 45 11 10	4	45 6 1 44 12 32 4 8 6	2			21 5		28 4 2 12 15 30 2 2		7 1		16 3			
							8 15 6 14 2	1			10 7 5 1 6 1	1	7 2 10 5 4			
																
	10 24	3	11 6		5 51		15 61		24 16		1 10		15 57	1	169 382	
	3,158	37	3,356	18	3,022	10	3,182	13	2,965	21	776	6	1,365	5	30,813	173
 
24
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
                 TABLE V.



Abstract of the Sickness  and Mortality of the
					1801.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	7,337.		14,729.		15, 922.		15, 726.		16,743.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.							8 146 34 152 493 186 1 5 558 10 120			
	7 9 20 9 44		34 ■ 16 128 187 61 1	4 2	66 36 238 534 68	5 1		9	95 55 154 165 238	15 1
										
										
										
										
										
					1 1,123 18 128 o 3 1 42	1 1		3 3	1 640 1 144 2 7	1 1
	705 43 71 10 6 1 24		1,573 3 160							
										
										
										
			13 2 59 1 4 1 84 66 36 89 7 4	1			3 4 94			
										
									176	5
										
	11				12		6		19	
										
19. Debility...........................................	15 4 19 23 2	1			76 53 50 66 13		29 38 27 44 8		34 17 42 48 14 2	1
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.										
										
										
										
										
										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.							1		2 2	
			1 4		2 1					
	1									
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
										
	21 31		155 70 5		114 116		114 48		87 79	
										
										
					3		1		1	
										
			3 15 15 1 o		1 6 16 3 1		1 5 11 7 7			
	6									
								2 17	4 9 13 1	
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.										
39. Scrofula............................................										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES.										
										
	1,084	1	2,800	7	2,793	8	2.161		2,052	24
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1862.
25
                TABLE  V.



Troops in  the Department of the  Shenandoah.
1861.			1862.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
18,007.			17,143.		21,498.		27,437.		14,072.		9,508.		14,391.		16, 043.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2							3 45	5	5 40	4 9			2 31	2	18 735	4 84
	153	8	39	16	52	10					27	1				
3	32		22		39	1	45	2	18		1		54	1	361	4
4	153		85		96		127		92		50		76		1,371	4
5	67		80		88		147		117		65		100		2,052	
6	148		40		55		103		45		15		71		1,074	
7			3		6		8 3 662		18 1 337		1 1 114		6		44 19 7,660	
8 9	1 199				6 502					1		1 1				7 1
			206										1,041			
10	15	1	2		16		34		14		4		45		205	1
11	32		43		111		272	1	38		7		45		1,171	5
12 13	4 32				1 13		60 27		9 10						88 146	1 1
			8								9		15			
14 15	5 73		4 143		2 96										19 925	10
						2	38		13		143	3	24			
16 17	1 58				1 133										3 658	
			70				164		108		58		15			
18 19	77 72	1	204 28	3	1S5 21		301 55		66 61						824 585	7
											48	1	62			
20	5		11		15		27		31		17		25		309	
21	47		30		26		44		5		14		41		381	
22	46		41		65		31		12		15		72		552	
23	15		8		10		18		9		2		21		127	
24 25 26	2		1		2				4				1		16	
																
																
							4				3 s		9 3		19 15 13	
28	4	1			3											1
99	3				■ 2		1									
30 31																
	83	........! 79			116		195		118		52		121		1,255	
32	82	........ 37			60		58		28		28		87		724	
33	3														8 23	
34	5	........ 3			3		4		2				1			
35 36																
	3		o		2		2						2		16 68	
37	4		1		1		9		6		6		9			
38	10	2	8	2	15		14	2	3		5	1	4		116	9
39	3		3		7		9								46 34	
40	6		15				1		1							
																
	1, 413	13	1,216	21	1,750	13	2,511	10	1,211	14	686	8	1,983	3	21, 690	139
 
26
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE V.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SHENANDOAH—Continued.
					1861.					
										
	July. August.				September.		October.		November.	
										
	7, 337.		14, 729.		15, 922.		15, 726.		16,743.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases. Deaths		Cases.	Deaths.
	1,084	1	2,800	7	2,793 1 54	8	2,161	17	2,052 1 11	24
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	3 1 3 1 1		39				23 |.......			
										
		1	13 4 1		6		2 .......		11	
										
					1		1		1	
										
	2 9 25 1		2 32 25 4 4		2 10 16 2 7		1 12 15 3 1		3 18 16 1 o	
										
50. Toothache.........................................										
										
										
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
							1 2			
			5							
										
57. Ophthalmia...........................	6 1		32 7 2 6 3		17 3 5 3 4 1 1		18 3 3 1		25 3 2 1 2 1	
										
Order III.— Diseases of Ear.										
										
	1									
										
63. Other Diseases of this Order.......................							1			
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										
66. Inflammation of Endocardium...............										
67. Inflammation of Pericardium........			1 1 5 5 5 4 84 6 131		2				1	1
68. Inflammation of Veins....................										
	1				5 5 2 3 109 6 196 1		3		4 1 3 2 153 3 354 2 10	
										
71. Other Diseases of this Order..................										
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs. 72. A sthma...............................	1 13 4 14 1 5						4 78 2 168			
73. Acute Bronchitis.................................... 74. Chronic Bronchitis..................										
75. Catarrh..............................										
76. Haemorrhage from Nose...............										
77. Hemorrhage from Lungs.............			11				3			
78. Dropsy of Chest.........................										
79. lii'Uimmation of Larynx...............	8 1 2 2		12 12 13 8				1 7 22 3 1 7 35 91 13 2,686			
80. Inflammation of Pleura................				1	11 12 5				20 22	
81. Inflammation of Lungs................										
82. Other Diseases of this Order..........										
										
Order VT.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 83. Abdominal Dropsy.....									2 10 43 80 30	
84. Cholera Morbus.........	28 22 73 14		28 43 104 27		12 53 114 15					
85. Colic..............										
66. Constipation.........										
										
										
Carried forward___	1,329	2 1	3,479	;		8		17	2.8S0	25
- --- -------------										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE  30,  1802.
27
TABLE V.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SHENANDOAH—Continued.
1861.			1862.													
December.			January.		February.		MARCn.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
18,007.			17,143.		21,498.		27, 437.		14,072.		9,508.		14, 391.		10, 043.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 8	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 8G 87	1,443	13	1,216 53 1 6	21 1	1,750 1 42 1 6	13	2,511 2 29 2 5	10 1 o	1,211	14	686		1,983	3	21,690 7 344 7 74 . 6 9 4 118 257 314 21 40 3 2 12 2 285 55 68 57 80 5 3 1 1 o 11 o 44 26 68 40 1,484 127 3,940 16 64	139 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
	44								19 1 2		10 1 7 1	1	17			
	10												3			
	1						1 1 5 56 39 5 4						2 I 100 24 25 1 6 1			
			1						1							
	1 27 33 1 3 1 1 1				2 31 82 2 3	1										
			17 20 1 1 1						18 5		3 13					
								1	5		2					
																
											2		2 2 26 2 5 3 6 2			
																
	27 5 2 25 7		23 2 20 6 31 1		32 8 19 8 5		52 6 1 1 9		20 7 4 3 12	-	7 8 5					
																
																
					1											
													1			
	1	1														
					1 4		1									
	1		2	.......												
							1 10 1 4 6 249 29 688 5 13									
	2 1 1 4 243 8 323 3 3	1	3 1 6 3 201 4 371 2 1		2 3 1 1 211 23 916	1							9 3 8 31 7 223 1 12	1		
								1	3 61 1 92 19 429	1	4 2 3 20 16 127 1 1					
					1				4							
	8 22 68 17 2 o 52 58 25	8	1 34 77 44 2 1 17 71 21	3	3 31 87	4 1	42 50 128 4 o 10 54 117 25	11 6	24 15 50 18	1	1 18 40 25 1	4	3 15 11 8		103 236 532 134 11 113 397 999 231	15 24
					1											
									3 12 37 8				12 34 77 33			
					29 128 16						3 49 4					
	2,476	23	2,264	25	3,451	20	4,168	32	2,084	16	1,060	13	2,70L	4	32,065	! 193
 
28
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE V.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SHENANDOAH—Concluded.
YrAR.............................................					1801.					
										
Month.................. ............	July.		August.		September.		October.		November. 16, 743.	
										
	7,337.		14,729.		15,922. ! 35,726.					
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. ' Deaths, j Cases.			Deaths.	Cases. 2,890 1 1 1	Deaths. 25
	1,329 2 1 1	2	3,479 7 3 1	8	3,477 1 3 3	8	2,686	i,		
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
							3			
90. Fistula..............................................										
										
92. Piles..............................................	5		24 17 1 24		28 7		19 9		11	
										
									1 22 94	
	14				21 13 1 1		12 11			
			10 2 8							
										
						1			1 4 38	
							1 19 3 1 1 • 4			
	3 23 1	........ 40			34 16					
			20							
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs. 102. Stone and Gravel....................................										
			1						1	
										
	1									
			2						1 2	
	1 1				3		5			
			2							
										
			1 5 1 1							
	2				1		1		3	
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
										
			3 32 19 7 29 15 24 5 1 1		1 25 2 6 30	1	1 28 2 5 14 10 7 7 8 1			
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	'7							1	15 1 2 13 8 19 5 11	
117. Carbuncle...........................................										
118. Whitlow............................................	2 11 4 2 2									
119. Boil................................................										
120. Skin Diseases.......................................										
121. Ulcers.............................................										
					30 6 1					
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. 123. Burns...............................................										
										
										
	12 5		29 8 1 8 24 24 9 14 5		28 4		16 2 o 9 2 10 3 16 1		5 2 3	
127. Fracture...........................................										
										
				1 1 1	4 9 11 6 3 4	3				
	3 18 6 4 2	4						1 8	12 11 6 5 4	1
										
										
										
										
										
136. Others of this Class.............	5 1		15		15 19			1	5 8 3,206	1
137. Unclassified Diseases.........							96			
			|							
	1,468				3,855	13	3,022	28		27
										
 
DURING  THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
29
TABLE V.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SHENANDOAH—Concluded.
	1861.								18G~>.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
18,007.			17,143. 21,498.				27,437.		14,072.		9,508.		14,391.		16,043.	
	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths. Cases.		Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 4	Cases.	Deaths.
	2,476	23	2,264	25	3,451	20	4,168	32	2,0S4	16	1,060	33	2,701		32, 065	193
88 89	1 11		1 3		3 5	1	3 12						5 5		24 81	1 2
								1	15	1	19					
90 91 92	2		2				1 1 45		1 1 10		1				13 2 235	
																
	13		17		31						9		23			
93	2		2				15		7		3		2		64	
94	4		1		2		61		1		3	1	7		81	1
95	21	1	21		22		24		9		5		15		210	1
96	4		30		71		108		36	1	11		16		404	1
97 98 99 100					2		3 7 141						1		9 16 23 620	3 1
	1 6 41	1	1 4 92						1		1	1				
					1 109											
								1	48		21		34			
101	5		7		8		20		23		8		10		143	
102 103 104 105 106					1 4		3 1 2 1						1 1 1 1		7 14 9 5 25 23 7 2 15 28 1 1	
	3		2 1 o													
									1							
																
	1				4											
107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116	2 1				4		4		1				1 1 1 5 4			
			1								1					
					1 4 3											
	1 1		1 6				2 1		1 1							
																
																
																
																
			1 21		2 20				1 15		1 4				10 221	
	23						16						15			
117	11		4		3		5		3		1		5		56	
118	6		3		9		3		o		1		1		47	
119	10		8		2		13		9		1		20		160	
120	8		3		13		11		14		3		70		174	
121	20		15		12		18		18		6		12		180	
122	5		2				7		1		2				72 60	
123	10		5		4		9		1		2		3			
124	4						1		1		1				10	2
125 126																
	20		12		6		56		19		5		19		227	
127	4	........	5		6		8		3		3		5		55	
128 129	3 10		3 7		9 4		6 16								27 75	
									4		4		9			
130	12	........	17		9		14		6		9		20		137	
131	14		13		14		17		4		10		12		158	1
132	5		3		1		5		0				o		48 473	1 78
133	14		6		5		304	59	6		70	2	26	1		
134															16	1 1
135 136																
	7		8		10		7		15		6		5		105	
137	19		4 2,598		17	10	13	9	4	2	5		9		261	23
	2,801	25		25	3,872	31	5,167	102	2,369	20	1 1,278 17		3,075 5		36, 699	310
 
;jo
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
                    TABLE VI.

Abstract of the  Sickness  and  Mortality
Year...........

Month..........

Mean Strength
LIST OF DISEASES.
   CLASS  I.—ZYMOTIC  DISEASES.

       ORDER I.—Miasmatic Diseases.

Typhus Fover.............................
Typhoid Fever.............................
Common Continued Fever...................
Remittent Fever............................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever................
Tertian Intermittent Fever..................
Quartan Intermittent Fever..................
Congestive Intermittent Fever...............
Acute Diarrhoea.............................
Chronic Diarrhoea...........................
Acute Dysentery............................
Chronic Dysentery..........................
Erysipelas..................................
Small-pox and Varioloid.....................
Meusles.....................................
Scarlet Fevor...............................
Mumps.....................................
Epidemic Catarrh...........................
Debility....................................
Othor Diseases of this Order.................
           Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.
21. Syphilis...............................
22. Gonorrhcoa.............................
23. Orchitis................................
24. Stricture of the Urethra................
25. Serpent Bite...........................
26. Other Diseases of this Order............
            Order III.-
27. Scurvy..............
28. Delirium Tromens ...
29. Inebriation...........
■Dietic Diseases.
1861.
July.
Cases.  Deaths.
 CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL  DISEASES.

           Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.
30. Gout............................................
31. Acute Rheumatism...............................
32. Chronic Rheumatism.............................
33. Anajmia.........................................
34. General Dropsy..................................
35. Cancer...........................................
3G. Tumors..........................................
37. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
Order DI.—Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption.
39. Scrofula.....
     CLASS III.—FARASITIC  DISEASES.
40. Worms......................................
Carried forward.
    6
   39
  101
   63
   84
   65
    3
   13
2,999
   59
  381
   11
   41
   22
  272
    2
   81
    1
  211
   47
128
194
 38
  4
  1
147
 87
  3
  5
  1
  9
 65
August.
September.
50,608.
Cases.  Deaths.
    1
  311
  317
  584
  605
  906
   70
   26
5,148
  217
  741
   80
   60
    2
  365
    2
  155
   85
  659
  281


  353
  395
   76
   33
  1
583
482
 61
 14
  1
 33
148
14
85,408.
Cases.  Deaths.
   50
  504
  437
1,340
1,524
1,816
  112
   62
4,604
  334
  864
   46
   37
   17
  462
    1
   95
   35
  613
  208


  417
  683
   84
   21
817
454
 52
  4
  1
 30
149
12,973    35
16, 361
53
October.
113,204.
Cases.  Deaths.
   34
  818
  520
1,756
2,067
1,577
  202
  138
5 797
  279
  972
   86
   82
   23
  518
    2
  109
  325
  566
  217
432
597
 96
 33
    7
1,100
  609
   35
    9
    1
   18
   39
19, 249
96
Novemrer.
133, 669. 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
31
        TABLE VI.



of the Army of the Potomac.
1861.			1862.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
152,759.			167,267.		153, 308.		126, 588.		71,259.		72,536.		73, 733.		101, 921.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	32	18	17	8			g	5		1			o		180	39
2	1,351	194	1,098	157	772	136	360	54	356	37	412	23	751	70	8,228	917
3	341	4	384	2	423		310		227		278	1	457	2	4,458	13
4	1,474	17	982	6	1,148	2	664	3	902		1,548	2	1,640	3	14,023	48
5	1,097		531		824		397		499		721		682		10,679	
6	743		424		394		289		452		662		727		8,957	
7	50		81		38		78		22		96		86		1,144	
8	261	6	134	7	88	13	29	2	20	4	21	1	15	3	962	53
9	3,433		3,016		2,248	1	3,519		4,782		4,933		5,540		51, 027	4
10	233	2	207	1	220	o	111		141		283		594	2	2,909	10
11	740	6	630	5	651		911		1,169	2	1,161	2	1,307	4	10,542	38
12	41	2	57		32		33		29		163		123	1	761	9
13	102	26	110		86		46		30	1	22		42		744	28
14	97	5	90	4	77	4	29	1	5	1			1		386	18
15	1,4S8		927	31	751	14	272	14	143		59		12		6,199	76
16 17	42 157		6 252		4 283	4	5 215								72 1,786	4
									157		82		46			
18	991		984		851		345		40		9		37		4,083	
19	651		466	1	297	1	312	1	273		389		885		5,874	7
20	342	1	253		156		227		- 147		108		184		2,419	1
21	565		458		390	1	297		93		83		53		3,774	1
22	612		455		360		232		79		41		36		4 242	
23	147		114		96		57		48		33		41		916	
24	24		22		19		14		10		15		12		220	
25 26 27	1										1		2		4	
																
	7		11		9	1	20		71		73		336		570	1
28	22	1	48	4	24		10	2	4		1		4		260	11
29	16	1	61	1	26		42		1		3	1	11		284	3
30	5		1		9		4		1		1		1		36	
31	1,307	1	1,360	1	1,029		683		471		550		712		10, 403	2
32	1,348		1,212	2	841	1	601		381	1	311		584		8,123	4
33	27	3	47		34		17		10		35	1	35		391	4
34	22	2	20	1	20		9		6		9		23		153	3
35 36	1 23												2 7		8 212	
			21		15		14		8		7					
37	127		70		51		80		43		26		87		977	
38	144	11	127	13	105	17	75	6	37	1	23	1	30		907	GO
39	42		35	........	25		26		17		22		11		286	
40	34		38		10		10		6		5		15		515	
	18,140	300	14,729	244	12, 418	198	10,351	88	10,685	48	12,186	32	15,133	85	167, 714	1,354
 
32
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  VI.—ARMY OF THE  POTOMAC—Continued.
Year..

Month.
1861.
Mean Strength.
July.
17,709.
50,608.
'  September.
85,408.
October.
113,204.
November.
133,669.
LIST OF DISEASES.
        Brought forward...............
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES.

Order  I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
41. Apoplexy...........................
42. Headache...........................
43. Inflammation of Brain...............
44. Epilepsy............................
45. Sun-stroke..........................
46. Insanity............................
47. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain.
48. Nostalgia...........................
49. Neuralgia...........................
50. Toothache..........................
51. Paralysis...........................
52. Other Diseases of this Order.........
            Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
53. Amaurosis...........................
54. Cataract.............................
55. Inflammation of Iris..................
56. Night Blindness......................
57. Ophthalmia..........................
58. Other Diseases of this Order..........
           Order III.—Diseases of Ear.
59. Earache..............................
60. Inflammation of Internal Ear...........
61. Otorrhoea.............................
62. Deafness..............................
63. Other Diseases of this Order...........
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
64. Aneurism....................
65. Inflammation of Heart........
66. Inflammation of Endocardium
67. Inflammation of Pericardium..
68. Inflammation of Veins........
69. Varicocele...................
70. Varicose Veins...............
71. Other Diseases of this Order ..
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
Asthma.....................
Acute Bronchitis............
Chronic Bronchitis..........
Catarrh.....................
Haemorrhage from Nose.....
Haemorrhage from Lungs___
Dropsy of Chest............
Inflammation of Larynx.....
Inflammation of Pleura......
Inflammation of Lungs......
Other Diseases of this Order.
   Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Abdominal Dropsy...........................
Cholera Morbus.............................,
Colic.......................................
Constipation................................
Dyspepsia..................................
Cases.  Deaths.  Cases.  Deaths,
  4
130
 27
459
 13
  7
  1
 14
 59
 42
  8
109
134
351
 43
Carried forward.
12,973
  4
341
  7
 44
 36
 13
  1
  6
179
291
  6
 60


  4
  5
  6
  1
133
 52
122
 72
 37
414
137
776
 32
 30
 52
125
 61
208
  2
343
394
868
239
20
18,281
35
Cases.  Deaths.
16,361
  1
312
  3
 59
 13
 16
 16
  2
166
380
 11
 55


  5
  1
  7
  1
186
 50


152
 79
 66
  7
  6
   56
  633
  118
1,268
    6
   57
 35
115
167
320
    1
  285
  460
1,232
  241
23,088
Cases.  Death
 18
266
  3
 40
  5
 20
 12
 22
276
296
 16
 63
 15
  2
210
 29


 41
 31
 50
 13
  7
  62
 964
 101
,474
 69
148
129
202
   2
 184
 508
,234
 276
27, 206
Cases.
20,201
  3
252
  7
 74
 25
  4
 16
331
317
 16
 63


 11
  2
  9
  9
267
 45


 68
 47
 86
   71
1,665
  116
4,77:2
   34
   58
    n
   87
  213
  262
  283
   10
  141
  428
1,186
  303
Deaths.
166
31, 640
209 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 18G2.
33
TABLE VI.—ARMY OF THE POTOMAC—Continued.
1861.									1862.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
152,759.			167,267.		153,308.		126,588.		71,259.		72,536.		78, 733.		101,921.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	18,140	300	14,729	244	12,418	198	10,351	88	10, 685	48	12,186	32	15,133	85	167,714	1,354
41	7	6	13	3	1	1	25	2	3	2	3	1	7	7	86	30
42	251		262		254		149		181		165		243		2,723	1
43 44	3 73	2	8 83	4 2	2 62	2	6 41	4 2	2 18				3 20	1	50 551	17 6
											21					
45 46			3 19								11 11	1	42 7		125 174	4 2
	21				22	1	10		8							
47	9	4	11	4	6	6	5	1	10	2	1		2	1	78	20
48	20		17		3		13		7		8		8		133	
49	347		314		287		205		142		95		189		2,586	
50	426		308		280		212		209		106		198		3,090	
51	16		16		7	1	12		4		2		15		126	2
52	62	2	64		57	1	35	1	12		35		42		576	7
53	5		4		6		4		2		3		5		60	
54 55	3 19		6 27		5 27		5 14				1 7		2 5		31 141	
									2							
56	2		2		3				6		5		10		41	
57	397		394		355		226		143		99		113		2,564	
58	90		58		55		28		14		13		19	........	497	
59	131		90		73		59		30		16		21		814	
60	70		72		67		21		20		14		14		510	
61	61		66		61		25		24		6		11		558	
62	23		14		13		3		8		4		11		121	
63	3		3		5		5				1		8		53	
64 65			2 13		2 17		2 5				1 6				13 87	1 2
	9	1							3				8			
66	3		6	2	6	3	1		2		2		1	1	39	6
67	13	1	10		17	3	8	1	7	2	4		7	1	97	8
68 69	2 47		1 48		4 26		1 19		12 10				4 51		31 440	
											11					
70	55		34		25		20		15		8		33		328	
71	38	2	57	1	49		24		6		9		15		292	5
72	100	2	85		60		31		26		12		27		571	2
73	1,587	7	2,055	7	1,701	3	957	1	379	1	197		162		10,850	19
74	276		185		219		68		109		29	1	33		1,418	1
75	6,278		7,204		5,209		3,002		1,165		619		378	1	33,604	1
76	20		21		4		9		23		2		10		182	
77	58		54		50	3	22		31	2	15		11		441	5
78	2		3		1				3	1					12 1,080	2 2
79	167		268		226		110		18		25		9			
80	238		288	1	272	1	173	1	89		71		66		1,857	6
81	404	47	616	67	669	74	263	17	138	6	58	1	42		2,851	249
82	509	6	484	12	398	7	150	5	70		102		61		2,795	40
83	11		10		5	1	3		1		1	1	4		50	2
84	91		57		46		59		37		81		194	2	1,627	5
85	471		358		300	1	299		305		404		442	1	4,503	o
86	1,138		994		783		508		495		486		422		9,697	
87	292		291		229		118	1	140		152		151		2,475	1
	31, 988	380	29,727	347	24,387	306	17,306	124	14, 614	64	15,108	37	18,259	100	258, 742	1,802
5 
34
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE VI.—ARMY  OF THE POTOMAC—Concluded.
Year..

Month .
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
                Brought forward......................

 ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
 88. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
 89. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
 90. Fistula............................................
 91. Haemorrhage from Stomach........................
 92. Piles..............................................
 93. Acute Inflammation of Liver.......................
 94. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
 95. Hernia...........................................
 96. Jaundice..........................................
 97. Prolapsus Ani.....................................
 98. Inflummation of Peritonaeum.......................
 99 Inflammation of Spleen...........................
100. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
101. Other Diseases of this  Order.......................
 ORDER VII.—Diseases of  Urinary and Genital Organs.
102. Stono and Gravel..................................
103. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
104. Diabetes..........................................
105. Incontinence of Urine.............................
106. Difficulty of Urination.............................
107. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
108. Hydrocolo and Hematocele • - -......................
109. Sarcocole.........................................
110. Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis......................
111. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
      ORDER VHI.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
112. Anchylosis...................................
113. Exostosis...................................
114. White Swelling..............................
115. Necrosis.....................................
     ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
116.  Abscess.......................................
117.  Carbunclo......................................
118.  Whitlow...................  ...................
119.  Boil..........................................
120.  Skin Diseases.................................
121.  Ulcers.........................................
122.  Other Diseases of this Order...................
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
LASS  V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
                INJURIES.
Burns............................................
Concussion of Brain ............
Compression of Brain...........
Contusion.......................
Fracture........................
Dislocation.....................
Sprain..........................
Incised Wounds ................
Contused and Lacerated Wounds.
Punctured Wounds..............
Gunshot Wounds................
Poisoning........................
Suicide.........................
Others of this Class.............
137. Unclassified Diseases.
1801.
17,709.
Cases.  Deaths
7,138


   13
   20
    2
    1
   58
    6
    9
   32
    1
    1
    3
    1
  102
  190
 50
 14
 12
 18
113
 43
 42
  1
 29
 10
  4
 19
 24
100
 33
141
110

 76
20
48
August.
50, 608.
Cases.
18,281


    35
    64
    37
    10
   197
    42
    74
   121
    36
    16
    15
     2
   248
   269
 11
  9
  7
  8
 33
 34
  8
  6
 27
 35


 14
  4
 17
  4


203
 93
106
103
2:;2
175
 79
 26
  6
  2
170
 20
 22
 60
 96
102
 27
 77
 10
 94

269
21, 636
Deaths.
September.      October,
85,408.
Cases.
23,088


    30
    59
    23
    14
   196
    33
    30
   113
   182
    30
     7
     7
  .220
   277


     1
    16
     4
     5
    43
    37
    15
    12
    35
    34


    13
     4
     5
    15


   158
    68
    46
   162
   170
   192
    81
 34
  6
  6
247
 51
 17
101
171
185
 37
108
 11
302
26, 809
Deaths.
58
66
113, 204.
Cases.
27,206


    23
    85
    11
     5
   170
    42
    18
   128
   551
    11
     6
     7
   307
   385


     4
    20
     4
 37
 29
 14
 12
 34
 43


  4
  7
  7
 17


250
 84
 02
159
148
169
 79
 23
  1
  1
329
 65
 38
111
1£2
148
 32
180
  7
127
31, 641
Deaths.
33
333.6G9. 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
35
TABLE VI.—ARMY OF THE POTOMAC—Concluded.
1861.			1802.													
December,			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
152,759.			167,267.		153,308.		126, 588.		71,259.		72, 536.		78, 733.		i 101,921.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	31,988	380	29,727	347	24,387	306	17, 306	124	14,614	64	15,108	37	18,259	100	258,742	1,802
88	37	3	56	3	27	2	9	1	12		5		18	1	292	18
89	164	1	93	3	71		56	1	28		54	1	30		836	6
90	13		18		8		13		5		13		10		163	
91	10	1	12		5		12		3				9		93	1
92	343		288		219		150		122		123		190		2,365	
93	65		79	3	49		25		53		21		48		514	4
94	45		38		23	2	4		6		3		24		292	3
95	193		214	1	121		102		57		62		175		1,519	1
96	465	1	500		361		236		210		192		308	2	3,500	4
97	13		9		7		13		9		10		25		175	
98			16		33	1	1		1				3	. 1	101	19
99	5		5		4		2				1		4		43	
100	709		780		823	1	446		165		99		88		4,591	2
101	443	2	485		344		172		141	1	139		118	1	3,277	9
102	5		1		1		2				2		3		38	
103	20	1	19		15		7		6		3		19		157	3
104	14		4		4		3		5				5		56	
105	13		16		5		11		3		1		8		85	
106	45		37		28		19		14		29		51		392	
107	38		44		24		13		19		15		28		335	1
108	8		8		15		8		4		3		15		110	
109	9		4		1		1						3		60	
110	10		15		17		6		5		1		6		187	
111	44		41		29		18		11		16		23		362	1
112 113	3 2		5 6		1 1		2 3				. 1 4				47 38	
									1				4			
114					7		4		1		1				58	
115	7		7		5		13		5		2		3		93	
116	285		236		151		102		82		87		121		1,977	
117	€8		47		46		50		17		37		33		661	
118	80		69		56		28		36		36		34		643	
119	243		161		128		121		94		69		86		1,548	
120	190		246		184		127		72		90		74		1, 823	1
121	164		188		171		57		51		50		60		1,539	
122	64		74		87		54		28		18		64		744	
123	46		79		47		48		20		16		13		401	
124	6		5	1	2		1		2		3		3		38	4
125			1	I	3		1	1	2						19	5
126	449		401		319		222		118		127		142	10	2,990	12
127	83	2	59	1	52		42		14		11		23		478	4
128	32		42		26		12		7		2		5		234	
129	234		190		146		152		63		66		58		1,396	
130	244		286		201		153		113		70		120	2	1,825	4
131	277	1	208		138	1	104		56	1	148	2	216	15	1,836	22
132	44		49		25		28		13		34		186		565	2
133	121	17	85	19	60	11	57	4	264	46	2,009	455	3,799	572	7,050	1,255
134	13	1	18		2	1	8	1	7		7		9		109	3
135		1		1		3				1		1				
136	149	1	140		177		87	2	47		30	1	36		1,213	6
137	310	5	195	15	259	5	157	22	88	3	78		131	1	2,417	73
	37,829	419	35, 310	393	28,915	333	20,268	156	16, 694	116	18,896	497	24,690	705	308,027	3,277
 
36
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OP  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  VII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality of
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
										
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. ORDER I.—Miasmatic Diseases.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
9. Acute Diarrhoea.....................................										
										
										
										
										
										
										
16. Scarlet Fever.......................................										
										
										
19. Debility.............................................										
20. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 21. Syphilis............................................										
										
23. Orchitis.............................................										
24. Stricture of the Urethra..............................										
25. Serpent Bite........................................										
										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.										
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
Order n.—Tubercular Diseases.										
										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES.										
										
										
1										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1862.
37
            TABLE VII.



the Department of the  Rappahannock.
1861.			186a.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
									56,602.		64,650.		48,155.		56,469.	
																
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Dea.'ns.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
l o 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40							-		34 181 146 335 322 280 55 32 2,275 243 451 30 54 21 141 1 134 91 195 64 125 218 35 8	17 1 7 4 1 1 1	20 353 179 1,005 405 315 19 22 2,304 131 507 24 48 24 60 5 171 58 316 46 115 174 44 7	4 37 3 5 1 1	45 310 117 555 222 433 58 17 2,293 197 505 23 38 18 14 1 111 52 356 54 104 136 32 8 2	4 13 1	99 844 442 1,895 949 1,028 132 71 6,872 571 1,463 77 140 63 215 7 416 201 867 184 344 528 111 23 2	8 67 4 12 5 1 2 2 ........1
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
									68 10 6	1	71 9 27	1 1	33 15 3		172 34 36	1 2
																
																
																
									382 314 18 3 1 6 9 22 9 11		483 267 17 10		409 244 9 5	1	1,274 825 44 18 1 20 100 91 19 42	1 5
																
						~										
																
																
										1	10 58 46 6 22	3	4 33 23 4 9	1		
																
																
																
																
																
									6,350	34	7,378		6,492	20	• 20, 220	110
				........ 1												
 
38                      SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE, VII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE RAPPAHANNOCK—Continued.
—					1861					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
										
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
										
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
										
										
										
,r SP v y.										
46 I										
										
										
										
										
										
										
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
										
										
										
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
										
										
										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	1									
	i									
	1									
										
										
										
	i									
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
										
										
										
										
	i									
	I									
	i									
										
										
										
Order VT.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 83. Abdominal Dropsy..................................										
84. Cholera Morbus............................										
85. Colic...................................										
										
										
Carried forward.................										
										
										
 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
39
TABLE VII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE RAPPAHANNOCK—Continued.
1861.			186:2.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
									56, 602.		64, 650.		48,155.		56,469.	
																
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 1 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87									6,350 2 67 1 11	34 2 1	7,378 3 128 5 14 21 7	56 2	6,492 1 131 1 15 6 2 3 16 106 119 1 21 2 2	20	20, 220 6 326 7 40 27 15 6 21 323 405 10 59 5 4 3	110 4 1 1
																
																
																
																
																
									6 3 2 100 128 4 12							
																
											3 117 158 5 26 3 1 3	1				
																
																
																
																
																
									1							
																
																
									114 15 19 23 13 3 2		117 15 17 12 17 2 9		96 10 24 13 10 3 2 1 1 1 7		327 40 60 48 40 8 13 1 6 3 30	2
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
									3 1	1	2 1 11	1				
																
																
																
									18 24 6 30 331 91 1,095 20 11 1 13 94 146 75	1 6	18 29 11 21 169 41 682 9 7	2	21 27 3 23 116 16 493 5 18		57 80 20 74 616 148 2,270 34 36 1 27 249 290 167 7 177 520 1,026 262	2 1 12 1 1
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
											13 97 97 67 6 51 167 420 98	5 1	1 58 47 25 1 69 203 259 63	1 1		
																
																
																
																
									57 150 347 101							
																
																
																
																
									9,502	45	10,078	68	8,534	21	28,114 •	134
																
 
40                    SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE VII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE RAPPAHANNOCK—Concluded.
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
										
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
										
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
										
										
106. Difficulty of Urination...............................										
										
										
										
										
										
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
										
										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.										
										
										
119. Boil................................................										
										
121. Ulcers..............................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. 123. Burns..............................................										
										
125. Compression of Brain...............................										
										
										
										
129. Sprain..............................................										
										
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds.....................										
132. Punctured Wounds............................										
133. Gunshot Wounds.................										
										
										
										
137. Unclassified Diseases........										
										
Total..................										
-----------------------										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
41
TABLE VII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE RAPPAHANNOCK—Concluded.
	1861								1862.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
									56,602.		64,650.		48,155.		56,469.	
																
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. | Deaths.	
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 130 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 120 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137									9,502 13 92 7 6 68 5 5 51 92 1 3 14 211 89	45	10,078 8 79 8 3 96 13 11 73 175 o 6	68 1 1 1	8,534 8 56 5 6 102 8 6 63 56 2 1 2 55 84 1 6 1 1 16 5 5 2 3 5 1 2 2 2 89 °2 9 38 71 34 19 4 4	21	28,114 29 227 20 15 266 26 22 187 323 5 10 16 389' 271 2 22 8 3 29 21 10 o 9 18 1 2 4 8 249 49 38 107 168 99 42 44 9 1 289 69 31 94 187 142 88 696 18	134 1 1 1 1 1 2 154 1 25
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
											123 98 1 10 4					
																
																
									6 3 2 10 7 3							
																
																
											3 9 2					
																
																
																
									5 7		1 6	........				
																
																
																
									1 2 76 9 15 47 49 35 13 15 2 1 88 18 12 45 84 48 20 37 6	1	1 4 64 18 14 22 48 30 10 25 3	1				
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
										1 11	68 20 12 29 70 62 8 39 3	1 8 1 10	133 31 7 20 33 32 60 620 9	135		
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
									27 124	7	167 135		33 47	8	227 306	
																
																
									10, 976	65	11, 681	92	10,355	164	33,012	321
																
 
42
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
             TABLE  VIII.




Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
Mean Strength...................................										
	7,190.		6,568.		6,532.		9, 537.		14,603.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.					o 5 7 178 115 9			3	23 70 35 218 188 178 15	12 2
2. TyphoidFever.....................................	13 7 9 25 58 3 20 1,198 26 23 3 1 1 22		3 19 38 58 33			2	31 15 275 238 195 9 28 531			
										
										
										
										
										
8. Congestive Intermittent Fever.......................			12 245 27 23 1 1 1 1		44 362 9 25 2 4					
									391 19 38 5 6 1 41	2
10. Chronic Diarrhoea..............................										
							43 1 5	1 1		
										
										
14. Small-pox and Varioloid...........................										
							5			
										
17. Mumps.....................................	6									
			6 33 24 32 43 13				12 37 76 29 40 7		173 45 91 30 47 16 2	
19. Debility.....................................	46 48 63 47 8 1				15 64 13 8 11					
20. Other Diseases of this Order.....................										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 21. Svphilis..................................										
										
23. Orchitis........................................										
24. Stricture of the Urethra.....................										
25. Serpent Bite................................										
26. Other Diseases of this Order.................										
Order in.—Dielic Diseases.	1 1		7		4 1 1		1 4		2 1 3	
			3							
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order 1.—Diathetic Diseases. 30. Gout.....................................										
	149 71		365 31		107 24		08 79 11 1		.153 50	
										
										
			o		2					
37. Other Diseases of this Order.............	1 3		1 14 2 1		1		1 9 12		6 12 10 1 2	2
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 38. Consumption...............					7 3					
39. Scrofula..............										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES.	1						1			
										
Carried forward........	1,855		839		1,023	2			1,872	18
-----------------							1,794	7		
 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1862.
43
         TABLE VIII.



of the Department of  Virginia.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
12,718.			11,416.		13,618.		14,680.		14,791.		9, 655.		7,251.		10, 713.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40			6 58 54 28 47 15	1 8					1 17 26 48 113 28 4 1 207 33 53						32 354 263 1,117 1,089 664 42 114 4,287 147 385 15 55 13 218 3 230 368 418 416 327 380 111 11	4 36 1 4 1 3 1 1
	95 6 119 188 66 6	8			17 43 45 19 16	2 1	10 34 62 33 37 5 1 193 4 6	1		o	18 6 46 41 9		17 11 51 24 20	1		
			1 189 1 13		5 141 2 6						2 247 15 70 3 6	1				
	268 4 45												315 7 40			
	3 3 10		3		4 o 45		11 4 60 3 34 28 62 10 24 39 6 1		7				4 1	1		
			12						21		1					
																
			74		50 31 28 16 23 18 7				46 20 18 11 17 14 3		13		7			
	£8 52 53 16 19 15 4															
			26 14 15 20 11								34 5 21 28 3 2		22 4 44 57 11 1			
																
																
					1 4		2 4 7						2 1 9		20 20 35	1
			4 5													
	3								3	1	1					
																
	130 58 5 1		88 59		85 59 3		170 46 2		122 66		86 19		77 10 1		1,430 572 22 9	
									1		o					
																
			4 6 5 3		3 1 5 1		13 3 15 3 3	1	9 10 11 4 1		13 2 9		3		55 65 88 17 9	3
	5 8															
													4 1			
	1															
																
	1,281	8	761	9	680	3	935	2	915	3	702	1	744	2	13,401	55
 
44
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE VIII.—DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA—Continued.
					1861.					
										
	J ULY.		August.		September.		OCTOLSER.		November.	
									14,	
	7,190.		6, 568.		6,532. j 9,537.					603.
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deathe.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,855		839		1,023	2	1,794	7	1,872	18
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	56		58		98 1 3 1 1		38		17	
										
	1 10		1 3 2				2		2	
										
							1		1	1
										
			1 31 11 1 9		1 15 6	■	1 10 5			
	21 12 1 7								27 32 1 3 3	
50. Toothache..........................................										
										
					5		5			
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
	3		1							
					1					
										
	33 16 1 3 5		8 19 3 17 3 1		15 1 2 28 2		19 6 3 12		25 3 1 8	
										
ORDER III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
										
										
									3	
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										
							1 2			
67. Inflammation of Pericardium.........................	1									
										
	5 2 1 2 95		1 1 1 1 51 4 43 1 2							
					1 1 3 76 5 92		2 7 6 63 14 137 1 3			
										
									1 9 143 7 204	
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
										
										
	51 2 5									
76. Haemorrhage from Nose.............................										
77. Haemorrhage from Lungs............................									6	
										
	8 3 5 10		1 5 3 54		2 4 1 13		1 14 9 64	1 1 1	7 • 13 13 121	1 2
										
										
										
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.										
	18 68 211 92		24 25		10 41 113 29		11 118 102 80		9 25 149 55	
85. Colic......................................										
										
			37							
										
	2,603		1,262		1,594	2	2,531		2,762	22
								10		
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30,  1862-
45
TABLE VIII.—DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA—Continued.
1861.			1862.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
12,718.			11, 416.		13, 618.		14, 680.		14,791.		9,655		7,251.		10,713.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,281	8	761	9	680	3	935	2	915	3	702	. 1	744	2	13, 401	55
41 42	1 15	1			3 26		1 27								5 429	1
			26						38		21		9			
43 44 45 46 47 48 49	1 5	1	1		1 1										4 22 17 10 11 13 3C1	1 6
							4		1		1 1		1 2			
																
	1				2 3 1 50	1	1 4 2 70									
			1 1 31					2	2 1 58	2						
											1 19		4 5			
	24															
50	20		7		14		27		14		4		12		164	
51 52	1 6						o 5				4 5				10 61	
			5		1				6				4			
53 54 55 56 57	2				1		2								8 5 11 1 244	
									1 2							
			3								3		2 1 13			
																
	20		18		20		19		39		15					
58 59	10 3		3 3		5 7		7 9		5 6		3 2				78 41	
													1			
60	5		5		3		5		9		4		2		101	
61	3		1		2		8		5		1		3		33	
62 63							2		1						4 6	
	3															
64 65 66 67 68 69			1										1 1 1		2 2 5 7 1 12	
											1					
			1				1 3		1 1 1							
																
																
	1		1		1		o									
70 71	1		1 2		2 3	1	1		4 2						16 20	1
													1			
72	8		3		4		5		3		4		3		51	
73	193		99		83		67		57		31		2		940	
74	15		4						15		1		1		66	
75	220		561		337		665		441		169		46		2,966	
76							1						21		27	
77	6		1		1		5		8		4		5		46	
78 79																
	7		17		8		18		3		3		3		78	1
80	11		19		10		6		7		9		17		118	3
81	.4	1	9	2	14	3	31	4	31	2	11		5		136	15
82	96		9	1	17		5		17	1	5		2		413	3
83 84					1 7										1 106	1
	2		1				1	1	1		6		16			
85	35		38		16		32		30		19		38		485	
80	100		103		107		101 •		100		72		50		1,208	
87	44		51		81		47		70		31		5		628	
	2,146	11	1,787	12	1,512	8	2,121	9	1,901	8	1,134	1	1,021	o	22,374	85 i
 
46
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WniTE  TROOPS
TABLE VIII.—DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA—Concluded.
					1801.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	7,190.		6, 568.		6,532.		9, 537		34,603.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	2,603		1,262		1,594	2	2,531	10	2,762	22
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	4 1		18	1	4		5 4 1 22		30 '........ 1	
										
			1 30						2 j........ 8	
92. Piles................................................	33 1 1 6 1 1				4					
									16 2 17 n 2	
			1 6		1 3		3 10 1			
										
										
										
										
										
	24 89		18 38		17 71		35 106	1	20 88	
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
	1									
										
										
	5 2						2 1 1		5 2 2	
										
			2 1		1					
										
									1 14	
	9		11 1		1		3 1	I		
Order VUL—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
										
									1 27 4 5 14 19 48 20 6	
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	38		37 2 7 80 13 24 48 4 1		15 4 1 46 4 31 5 4		9			
										
118. Whitlow......................................	14 69 45 33 36 14						5 13 20 26 21 2			
119. Boil...............................................										
120. Skin Diseases...................................										
121. Ulcers............................................,										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. 123. Burns.......................................										
										
										
	74 1		19		30 3		24 1 1 15 38 6		31 5 1 15 57 3 5 13	1 3
127. Fracture............................................										
										
129. Sprain......................................	16 120 10 6 13 4		15 74 3 3 11		9 22 1 13 6					
130. Incised Wounds ...................................										
										
132. Punctured Wounds.................										
133. Gunshot Wounds..............						1	3	1		
										
135. Suicide....................										1
136. Others of this Class.........	32 194 -	3	35 142		17		42 129 3,081	13	27 43 3,326	
137. Unclassified Diseases......										
										
Total............. j	3,500 | 1	3	1,907	1	1,959	5				27
---------..----- 1										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
47
TABLE Vni.—DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA—Concluded.
	1861. j		1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
	12,718.		Hi	116.	13,618.		14,680.		14, 791.		9, 655.		7,251.		10,713.	
	Cases. 2,146	Deaths.	Cases. 1,787	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.	
		11		12	1,512	8	2,121	9	1,901	8	1,134	1	1,021	o	i 22,374 85	
FP	3	1	1		4	1			1				2		10 9	
89	18		12		3		7		1		13		12		127	1
90 91 92					1		4		3				2		15 4 207	
																
	21		17		11		32		14		8		7			
93 94 95															17 22 82	
	1 4		2 3		3 4		1 10		6 9				1 4			
											6					
96	16		13		10		17		3		4		2		78	
97 98 99 100															3 2 3 CS7	
	1 1 52								1							
					2 48											
			41				53		59		17		3			
101	55		78		39		16		37		15		17		649	1
102 103 104 105 106 107 108																
			2		3										6 3 1 36 10 12 2 8 55	1
									1		2					
					1 6											
	7 1 1		1 1	1			4 2 2		6 1							
																
											1					
109 no							1 3									
									1		1					
m	4		2		6		1		2				2			1
112 113 114 115 116			1				1 1	......	----				1 1		5 2	
																
																
							1 10								2 216	
	19		13		7				22		12		7			
117	2		2		2		6		8				3		33	
118	6		2		2		6		5		1		6		60	
119	19		13		6		10		13		9		4		296	
120	12		13		11		17		3		6		27		190	
121	26		25		12		40		22		18		12		317	
122	5		16		2		10						1		169 51 1	
123 124 125 126	3		3		5		6		2		2					
																
																
	38		32		33		41		30		21		15		388	
127	5		5		2		6		7		3		2		40	
128 129	2 27		4 16		3 19				4 21		2 22				17 200	
							16						9			
130	■47		23		21		31		18		28		6		485	
131	29		36		24		10		16		9		19		166	1
1T9	6		4		1		4				2		2 4		46 87	
133	9	1	6	1	o	2	10	1	3	3	7			1		14
134 135 136							2								6	2
				1												
	22		6		4		14		10		1		2		212	
137	26		10 2,190		10		17	10	12		10	2	5		650	7
	2,632	13		15	1,819	11	2,533		2,242	11	1,360	3	1,203	3	27, 752	115
 
4S                  SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS








                                   TABLE IX
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality of
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
										
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deatbr.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.										
										
										
										
										
										
7. Quartan Intermittent Fever..........................										
										
						-				
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
19. Debility.......................................										
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 21. Syphilis.............................................										
										
23. Orchitis............................................										
										
										
26. Other Diseases of this Order.....................										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.										
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
37. Other Diseases of this Order.................										
ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases. 38. Consumption............										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES.										
										
Carried forward...							----			
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.                    49
           TABLE IX.



the  Department of North Carolina.
1861.			1862.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			8,996.		11,012.		16, 549.		18,172.		17,941.		16, 649.		14,686.	
																
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
									11 434 141 126 107 52 20 5 1,039 35 370 3 10 19 26 1 81 2 91 22 20 24 11 1	2 61 3 4 3 2 1 3 1 1	10 198 139 178 103 30 2	1 19 2 1	3 139 95 189 74 35 3 19 815 70 90 9 9 2 7	16 6 2	24 1,064 528 586 436 244 53 29 3,696 164 908 54 40 35 208 3 370 339 495 264 115 160 69 8 1	3 146 5 14 5 4 3 1 4 4 1 2 1
			35 50 23 37 13 3 1 147 2 26	10	109 25 42 80 44 9 1 309 10 72	16 1 1	149 78 28 35 70 16 3 582 20 114 9 6 12 10	24 2 1								
																
																
																
																
																
																
											804 27 236 33 7 1 10 2 36 21 85 56 25 34 16 3	2 1				
																
																
																
			5	1	3 1 29	1										
																
			126	3												
																
			24 58 18 6 11 24 1		116 226 16 14 10 8 19		70 30 85 00 19 21 8 2 1	1					43 2 200 106 30 49 14 2	1		
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
			3 2 5		2		1				1		1 3 4 2 70 99 4 1		8 6 10 8 561 452 5 5 2 2 71 68 8 8	1 1 10 1
									1 1 6 167 96 1 1 1							
				1								•				
																
			43 43		82 60		102 54			1	97 ioo					
																
																
											3 1					
																
			1 1 5										1 9 19 7 1	3		
				2	22 9	2	15 7	1 ........	11 12 1 1	2	13 16	1				
																
																
			2				1				3					
																
			715	17	1,318	21	1,608	29	2,950	84	2,290	27	r 2,226	28	11,107	206
																
HEDICAL 
50                     SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE IX.—DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA—Continued.
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
										
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
										
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
										
										
										
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
										
										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										*
										
										
										
										
										
71. Other Diseases of this Order___•-....................										
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
81. Inflammation of Lungs.......................										
82. Other Diseases of this Order........................										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 83. Abdominal Dropsy............										
										
Carried forward.....										
	1									
	'									
 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30,  1862.
51
TABLE IX.—DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA—Continued.
1861.					1869.											
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
.............			8,996.		11,012.		16,549.		18,172.		17,941.		16,649.		14,886.	
																
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	V Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 27	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			715	17	1,318	21	1,608	29	2,950	84	2,290		2,226	28	11,107	206
																
	........		15 1 6	1	6		34		38 1 4	I	19 2 3 1 4		48		100 4 24 4 26 5 3 127 131 7 36 1 2 6 1 116 18 39 26 43 20 9	2 3 1
																
					2		3						6 3 4			
																
					12		2 1		4 1							
			3 1 7 26 2 4	3												
													2 22 18 1 14	1		
					20 21 1 6		32 11 1 5		26 23 2		20 32					
																
																
											7 1					
																
									2 2							
											2		2			
			1 11													
					18 3 8		29 3 8 2 5 1 1		20 7 5 11 19 6 3		19 1 5 6 12 6		19 4 8 4 2 6 3			
																
			5 3 1 1 2													
																
					4											
																
																
																
							2						1 1 3		3 2 9 1 34 24 39 23 924 89 1,542 3 30	1 1 2 1
									1 2 1 5 13 15 3 183 24 280 1 8	1						
			|		2						2					
																
							4 4 1 1 311 22 383 1 3	1		1	16 4 14 3 77 21 175 1 8		9 1 6 10 53 10 85			
			2 2 1 108 1 288													
					1 5 192 11 331	1										
																
																
																
																
																
			3.		1								9	1		
																
			4 8 43 14	8 1	39 8 24 1	4	10 21 35 1	1 4	16 17 25 23 1 28 39 116 22	1 1 1	9 21 16 14				78 93 150 71 1 124 227 554 109	1 2 19 2
												1 2	18 7 18			
																
																
																
					10 17 87 22						56 75 136 8 3,086		30 55 144 35			
			13 24 11				28 47 11									
																
																
																
			1,324	30	2,170	26	2,631	35	3,947	90		30	2,887	30	16,045	241
																
 
52                    SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE IX.—DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA—Concluded.
					1861-					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
										
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	4 Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
										
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
										
105. Incontinence of Urine...............................										
106 Difficulty of Urination...............................										
										
										
										
110. Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis........................										
										
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
114. White Swelling.....................................										
										
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.										
117. Carbuncle..........................................										
118. Whitlow............................................										
119. Boil................................................										
										
121. Ulcers..............................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. 123. Burns..............................................										
										
										
										
127. Fracture.................... .......................										
										
129. Sprain..............................................										
										
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds.....................										
132. Punctured Wounds....................										
133. Gunshot Wounds............										
										
										
136. Others of this Class........										
137. Unclassified Diseases.......										
										
Total....................										
										
 
DURING THE kYEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
53
TABLE IX.—DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA—Concluded.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			8,996.		11,012.		16,549.		18,172.		17,941.		16, 649.		14, esc.	
																
88	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			1, 321 2	30	2,170 1 4 2	26 1	2,631	35	3,947 5 4 2 1 46 16 2 23 47 2 1 1 63 29	90	3,080	30	2,887 3 49 1	30	16,045 11 91 7 2 156 66 8 70 ISO 8 5 7 288 240	241 1 4 1
																
89							2 1 1 25 4				32 1					
90																
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137																
			4		12					1	37 20 4 15 35 3 1	1	32 26 2 16 79 1 1 6 29 97			
																
																
			3 3		2 5 1 1	1	11 11 1 1	1								
																
																
																
																
			44 9	1	61 20		67 37				24 48					
																
																
			1		1 1		1		2 1 1 9 1 3 1		4 3		7 1		16 6 5 43 11 13 3	
																
			2 5				2 10 1									
					5 3						6 6 9		8			
																
													1 1			
					1											
																
			2		2		7		10 1 3 2 2 26 3 5 4 32 8 4 3 1		4		5		30 1 3 3 3 322 30 16 47 141 89 47 16 6	
																
																
													1			
											3 23 6 7 10 27 32 17					
			11 1 1 2 10 5 3^ 2		12 3		22 4 1 10 33 13 o 5						28 13 o 16 26 13 10 4 5			
																
																
					5 33 18 11 2											
																
																
																
																
																
																
			13 2 1 15 7 11 3 3		2		22 2 2 21 9 104 3 299	86	10 4 1 6 12 17 10 136	25	9 4 4 *6 12 7 3 18	2	15 5 4 8 27 14 7 22 2	8	76 19 12 64 81 177 27 555 3	5 137 1 o 10 17
																
																
					8 14 24 1 77 1	5 16 1										
																
																
																
																
																
										o						
			10 17	2	6 15	1	11 15	10	19 20		20 38	8	28 16	6	94 321	
																
																
			1,516	33	2,511	51	3,391	132	4,545	118	3,582	41	3,518	44	19,004	419
																
 
54
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
             TABLE X.




Abstract of the Sickness  and Mortality
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	532.		555.		576.		13,374.		13, 225.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. ORDER I.—Miasmatic Diseases.							5 32 174 199 39 123			
2. Typhoid Fever................................					1			o 1	24 227 220 83 61	10 1 3
	1 4 18 9		3 5 21 5							
					1 13 2					
										
										
										
							14 827 10 146 2 3 9 172	7 1	35 805 26 138 3 9 28 337	14 2 1 3 1
	13 1 37		5 1 22		18					
										
					11					
										
										
										
										
										
							8 19 99 67 33 70 11		10 110 181 77 12 24 3 1	
										
19. Debility............................................	7		4 1		5					
										
Order n.—Enthetic Diseases.	1 2				1 1					
			2							
										
										
										
										
ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases.			1 1 6			2			1	1
					3 4		2 7			
29. Inebriation.......................................... CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.	6	1							1	
	3 4		4		14 3		106 59 7		143 101 12	1
										
										
										
										
										
	3				4		2 13 1 3		9 6 3 4	1
ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases.										
39. Scrofula............................................										
CLASS III. —PARASITIC DISEASES. 40. Worms......................................										
										
	109	1	81		81	2	2,260	11	2,694	38
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1862.
55
          TABLE X.



of the Department of the  South.
1861.									1862.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		| TOTAL. 1	
17,016.			18, 571.		16,288.		1",	521.	21,242.		16,230.		16,336.		12, 647.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 o			1 112				2 93	1 10							8 758	1 112
	83	17		14	57	5			132	8	99	26	125	20		
3	109		72		1		45		142		60		62		896	2
4	214		192	1	147		183	1	211	1	244		130	4	1,750	10
5	129		179		84		51		144		142		145		1,048	
6	95		105		67		93		95		206		109	2	970	2
7 8	3 58	23	20 33	15	1 27	10	9 3	1	7 10	2	10 5				50 209	78
													24	6		
9	636		594		443		408		910		937	1	1,050		6,712	1
10	16		19	1	12		20		39	2	97	2	193	4	434	9
11	218	1	134	1	135	1	173	1	321	l	353	5	271	5	1,959	18
12	2		19	3	6	2	4	1	2	2	51		41	1	130	9
13	31		5		5	1	9	1	6		6		10		84	3
14 15 16 17	38 264	5 o	16 103	3			44 21	8	2 3 1 28	2					137 " 921 1 301	21 4
					21	1										
																
	20		96		62		56				14		7			
18	149		102		73		33		71		36		33		626	
19	190		133		182		249		228		210		206	1	1,694	1
20	91		65		51	1	84		45		31		21		533	1
21	14		14		13		26		23		14		8		159	
22	21		20		25		28		24		9		19		245	
23	8		29		12		7		5		2		7		84	
24	2		1				4		4		5		1		18	
25 26 27					1		1								2	
																
	2								13		18		20		55 10 38	3 1 1
98					1		1				1	1	I			
29	4		1		1		2		2		3		. 1			
30											I		8		9 1,259	
31	243		216		130		130		104		97		09			
32	134		231		158		156		173		159		63		1,241	
33 34 35 36	16 3	1	17 3		3 4		4 2	1	0 3		6 6 1 6				71 21 o 30	3 1
												1				
	1												1 1			
	5		1		7		2		8							
37	22		11		8		3		78		1		134		255	
38	15		18		22	2	30	o	27	5	25	2	16	4	172	16
39	1		o				1		2		1				12 18	
40					2				4		3		4			
																
	2,836	49	2,564	38	1,761	23	2,037	27	2,879	23	2,859	38	2,761	47	22, 922	297
 
56
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE X.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH—Continued.
Vr \u ...............................					18G1.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	532.		555.		576.		13,374.		13, 225.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	109	1	81		81	2	2,260	11	2,694	38
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
					4		27		30 2 2	1 1
										
			2				21			
										
							12		9 1 2 37 60	
										
							4 10 30 1 9			
			1 3		2 1					
										
										
		1						1	25	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
							1 1 1 21 2 5 6 5 1			
									1	
					1 2 1 1 1					
	2								21	
			1							
ORDER III.—Diseases of Ear.									8 6 8 1	
	3		1							
										
										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										
										
										
										
							3 2 2 3 111 14 140 3 3		3 1 2 12 474 37 268 1 7	1 2
										
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
	1				1 1 4					
			2 6							
	5									
										
										
										
							8 18 16 4	1	21 21 25 8	o 7
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.										
					1		56 117 253 51	13	37 82 161 19	
			1 23 5							
	15 4				13 4					
										
										
Carried forward.......................	139	2	120		118	2	3,221		4,086	52
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING  JUNE 30, 1862.
57
TABLE X.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH—Continned.
1861.									1869.							
December. \			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
17,016.			18, 571.		16,268.		17,821.		21,242.		16,230.		16,336.		32,647.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	2,836	49	2,564	38	1,761	23	2,037	27	2,879	23	2,859	38	2,761	47	22,922	297
41 42					1 43	1	1 51	1	1 127				2 79	2	5 639	4
	119		84								75					
43 44	5	1 1	1 5				2 7	1					5 2	1	10 69	4 2
					5				9		11					
45 46					3 1		4 3		1 5						8 44	1
	2		7								3	1	2			
47 48 49							3 8 44				1 1 27				5 16 333	
			1 40													
	43				66				47				16			
50	93		37		37		22		69		30		48		430	
51							3				1 7		2 8		11 70	
52	4		5		3		7		2					1		3
51			o				1				6		7 1 2		17 5 11	
54					1											
55	3		1		1				1		1					
56	1		1		o		• 3				1					
57	34		21		26		40		59		30		21		277	
58 59	6 13		2 8		5 9		13 3		14 1		15 2				59 51	
													1			
60	9		19		10		1		12		2		3		73	
61	10		12		11		4		9		4		2		65	
62 63			3		2		3		3		3				16 2 3 6 19	
	1												1 2			
64							1									
65 66	1	1					1 5		3 3		2 4					1 1
					5	1							1			
																
67 68 69									1						1	
																
	4		3		3		3		9		14		10		52	
70	2		8		6		1		3		4		3		30	
71	6		9		6		6	1	4		6		m 3		44	2
72	12		1		6		10		2		13		8		67	
73	538	1	321		97		80		70		45		23		1,761	3
74	77		27		27		37		12		17		15		266	
75	778		784		442		501		259		179		103		3,469	
76 77	1 5				2 6				1 6		1 10				9 56	
			4				8						7			
78															1 110	
79	26	1	22	2	2		7		9	1	12		3			6
80	36		25		21		10		19		13		10		173	
81	36	C	25	4	37	3	19	2	26	1	9		10		203	24
82	6		1	1	19	2	14		9	1	4		3	3	68	7
83 84			1 24				1 12		2 55		o 63				6 373	
	37			2	23								65	1		
85	103		52		42		50		53		64		115		679	
86	278		209		176		179		198		235		187		1,927	
87	47		36		40		38		23		23		14		304	
	5,172	60	4,365	47	2,947	30	3,243	32	4,012	26	3,801	39	3,550	55	34,780	358
		I	]													
 
58                    SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE X.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH—Concluded.
					If-	(il.				
										
	JILY.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
				:5.						
	532. 5				- 576.		13,374.		33,225.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	139	2	126		118	2	3,221	13	4,086 2 16	52 2
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
							.14			
										
							1 35		1 27 1 3 11 8	
92. Piles................................................	1		1		2					
										
							2 14 15 1			
					1 1					
										
										
									1	........
										
							32 8 1 1		53 9	
	1		2							
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs*										
									1	
										
										
	1 2						3 14 1		10 12	
										
										
										
							1 7		1 4	
	1									
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
							11			
114. W^hite Swelling-.....................................										
							1 28 13 3		1 33 16 3 23 16 18 7 5	
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	7		3		7					
										
118. Whitlow...................................	4 16 14 9 13		1 7 4 2 12 1	........	a :					
119. Boil...............................................					20 6 7 31	........				
120. Skin Diseases.................................										
121. Ulcers...........................................										
							8			
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. 123. Burns...............................................										
										
								i		
	5 1		1		'!........		31 2 1 13 17 22 3 1 2	5 2	30 1 1 9 22 20 4 3	1
127. Fracture............................................										
										
129. Sprain........................................	3 1 12		3 I 12 1		2 3 9					
										
										
132. Punctured Wounds................										
										
										
135. Suicide....................										
	i !........ i 8 1........		2 9		I		7	1 1	14 9	1
					8 ! 1					
Total................	239	2	188		1			22	4,481	56
1						" 1	3, <H3			
 
DURING  THE  YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1862.
59
TABLE X.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH—Concluded
1801.			1809.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
	17,016.		18,571.		16,288.		17,821.		21,242.		16,230.		16,336.		12, 647.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 2,947	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	1 Cases. 1	Deaths.
	5,172	60	4,365	47		30	3,243	32	4,012	26	3,801	39	3,550	55	34,780	358
88	3	1	2	1			1				G	2	8		24	7
89	47		7		17		2		7	1	16		17		143	1
90	3		5		1		7		5		4		3		28	
91 92	1 44				1 25								1 31		5 291	
			37				27		33		28					
93	6	1	11		14		3		10		116		44		205	1
94	7				]		4	1	19 23		2 22		oo		CO	
95	19		32		19		19						25		185	
96	17		22		28		40		64		78		105		438	
97	1		1						3		1		1		6	
P8			2		2		3		2		2			1		
99 100													6 25		6 560	
	69		121		76		72		62		50					
101	44	1	24		40		15	1	33		9		1		186	2
102 VI3					1 1		1 1								3 14 2 9 57 50 26 4 8 38	
			3						2		4					
104 105 106 107 108	1 1 13 7						1									
													8 11 4 3			
			5 4 I		3 1				8 3 7 1		3					
							3									
											8					
109 110 111	1 1 2		1		1 1 1											1 ,
							2 4				1 4		1 5	1		
			7						3							
312 133			2 1		3 2						1				6	
	1							........ 9.								
114 115			1 1		1 1		7								9 11 559	
									1 79		4 76		1 73			
116	90		79		48		36									
117			5						14 10		4 14		9 9		63 78	
118	9		6		11		4									
119	38		32		16		18		26		36		50		306	
120	19		10		18		32		41		50		9		239	
121	25		28		25		36		36		29		73		317	
122	11		14		16		22		13		21		6		174	
123 124 125 126	2 1		3		4		4		6						25 3 3 297	
													2 2 14			
				i					1 46							
	32		37		27		36				31					
127	2		3		4		7		5		6		21		52	
128	2		10				1		3		2		2		22	
129	20		8		9		11		18		11		7		114	
130	31		26		28		23		44		33		22		251	
131	27		42	1	12		28	1	45		38		95		362	2
132	9		6		6		4		14		5		133		185	
133	8	2	22	3	9	1	19	3	57	16	23	1	108	46	250	78
134	8	1	2												12	3 1 8
135 136										1 4						
	15		21		22	1	14		18		3		1	1	118	
137	63		20		6	2	8	2	41 4,817	2	21		32	20	231	27
	5,872	66	5,029	52	3,451	34	3,764	41		52	4,563	43	4,602	124	40,845	494
 
GO                  SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
             TABLE XI.



Abstract of the Mortality in the General
					1801.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	1, 446.		1,667.		1,290.		1,634.		2,062.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.				1 44 1 7		1 71 2 15				o 84
		13						97 1 8		
										
		2								3
										
										2
						1 4 1 1 1 2				
								1 2 1 1		
		5		1						
										1 2 1
		2		2 1						
										
										
				4 3		3 1		7 3		18 9
		6								
										
				1						
										
						1		1		
				1						
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.										
										
23. Orchitis.........................................										
										
										
										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.										
				2						1
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 30. Gout..............................................										
										
										
										
										
										
										
37. Other Diseases of this Order......................				1 4						
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.		3				3		2		10
39. Scrofula.................										
CLASS III. —PARASITIC DISEASES.										
Carried forward..........										
		31		73		107		124		131
					1					
 
DURING  THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE  30, 1862.
61
TABLE  XI.
Hospitals of the Atlantic Region.
1861.			1869.													
December.			i January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
2,177.			2,836.		3,937.		7,127.		6,870.		9,981.		30,397.		4,285.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40		1 83								5 102 3 6						10 1,217 7 84
				68		44		98				244		209		
																
		6		6*		4		7				3		17		
																
										1						3 3 10 23 23 23 9 5 160 65 1 2 2 19 8 1
														2		
				1						4 2 6 6						
		4 1 2 1										2 4 3		6 5 4		
				1		3										
																
				2 1 26 12		2										
								2 21 10		1 19 3 1		1 13 2				
		22 9				20 7								9		
																
																
														1		
								2 5 4								
		I		3		1				3 1		3 1		1 1 1		
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
										1		1 1 1				2 6 3
						1								1		
				1				1								
																
														1 o		1 4
										1		1				
																
				1				3		2		1				7
						-										
																
																1 118
		6		7		6		25		19 2		18		35		
																
																
																
		136		129		88		178		248		299		275		1,819
										1						
 
62
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XL—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
					1861						
											
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.		
											
	1,446.		1,667.		1, 290.		1,634.		2,062.		
											
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	
		31		73		107		124 2		131	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.											
											
											
						1 1				1	
				1							
											
				1		1		2		3	
											
											
											
		1		2 1		1					
	........										
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.											
											
											
											
											
											
ORDER ID.—Diseases of Ear.											
											
											
											
											
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.											
											
				1							
						1		2			
											
											
											
71. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										1	
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.											
73. Acute Bronchitis................................		1								1	
											
	1										
											
											
78. Dropsy of Chest..............................											
				1		1		2			
											
81. Inflammation of Lungs...................		3 2 1		2 3		1 1		9 1		10 1	
82. Other Diseases of this Order..............											
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 83. Abdominal Dropsy........											
85. Colic............... B7. Dyspepsia............................			........	........	........	........	........				
Carried forward ...		39		85		115		143		148	
-------------.-----											
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1862.                      63
TABLE XL—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
1861.			J AN l	180-2.												
December.				ARY.	February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
2,177.			2,836.		3,937.		7,127.		6, 870.		9, 981.		10, 397.		4,285.	
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 80 87	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
		136		129 3		88		178 1		248		299 1		275 2		1,819 9
																
																
						1 1		2 2		3 1		1 1 1	........	2		9 8 3 2 26
				1												
																
										1 5				1 2	..........	
		1		1		1		7				2				
																
																
																
		1						1 4								6 7
										1		1				
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
								1 3								1 5 2 8 1
												2				
										1						
								3				1		1		
		1														
																
																
								3 1 4 2		1		5				11 1 22 15
																
		5		2		3 1				5 4		1 2				
														6		
																
														1		1 4
						1				3						
			'													
						3 3 22 3				3 2 41 3 2	........	2 1 15 2				12 12 236 33 6 2
				1 38 6 3				4 43 8						1 30 1		
		22 2 1 3.														
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
		170		184		127		267		324		337		322		2,261
i																
 
64                    SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XL—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION—Concluded.
					1801-					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	1, 446.		1, 667.		1,290.		1,634.		2, 062.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
		39 1		85 3 1		115 1		143 2 1		148
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
				2		2				2
										
						1				
		1								1
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
										
										
										
								1		
										
										
										
		1								
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
										
										
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES.										
										
						1				
				1 1						
		1				1		2		3
										
										
										
						2 1 C		1		1
				1 9						
133. Gunshot Wounds....................................		6 1						6		3
										
135. Suicide.........................................								1		
136. Others of this Class.....................										
137. Unclassified Diseases................				1						
Total.................										
		50		102		130		157		158
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.                     65
TABLE XL—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION—Concluded.
1861.			1862.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		MAY.		June.		TOTAL.	
2,177.			2,836.		3,937.		7,127.		6,870.		9, 981.		10,337.		4,285.	
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 130 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
		170		184 3 1		127		267 1		324 1 1		337		322 1		2,261 11 4
																
																
																
																
																
		1												1		2 1 1 3
										1						
														1		
										r2		1				
																
								1		2		1		2		12
																
														1		2 7
								5								
																
				2 1												2 1 1 1 4
																
														1		
								1 1								
										1		1				
																
																
																
		1								1		1		1		5
																
																
																
																
						1										1
																
																
																
																
										1		1				2
																
																
																
				1		1 1 1								1 1 3		4 4 22
		1 1														
				3				3		1		2				
																
																
																
		2				1 1		1				2		1 1 279		11 5 469 1 3 5 71
										1 17						
		2		2				12				127				
																
										1 1 44		1 3 20				
														1 2		
		1		2				1								
																
																
																
	........	179		199		133		293		399		497		619		2,916
																
9 
G6
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
                    TABLE XII.

Abstract of  the  Sickness  and  Mortality
Year.....................................

Month....................................

Mean STRENGTH, (not including Table XI)
LIST OF  DISEASES.
CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC  DISEASES.

    ORDER I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhus Fever................
Typhoid Fever................
Common Continued Fever----
Remittent Fever..............
Quotidian Intermittent Fever.
Tertian Intermittent Fever---
Quartan Intermittent Fever---
Congestive Intermittent Fever .
Acute Diarrhoea..............
Chronic Diarrhoea............
Acute Dysentery..............
Chronic Dysentery...........
Erysipelas...................
Small-pox and Varioloid......
Measles......................
Scarlet Fever................
Mumps......................
Epidemic Catarrh............
Debility........-............
Other Diseases of this Order..
           Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.
21. Syphilis...............................
22. Gonorrhoea..................-.........•
23. Orchitis...............................
24. Stricture of the Urethra...............
25. Serpent Bite..........................
26. Other Diseases of this Order...........
            Order III.—Dietic Diseases.
27. Scurvy...............................
28. Delirium Tremens....................
29. Inebriation............................
1861.
34, 521.
Cases.  Deaths.
 CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.

           ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
30. Gout............................................
31. Acute Rheumatism...............................
32. Chronic Rheumatism...........................--
33. Anaemia.........................................
34. General Dropsy..................................
35. Cancer...........................................
36. Tumors..........................................
37. Other Diseases of this Order......................
          ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption.
39. Scrofula.....
   7
  74
  118
  98
  138
  176
   6
  33
5,061
  130
  540
  25
  48
  24
  318
   2
  98
   1
  303
  104
225
281
 49
  5
August.
78,089.
Cases.  D oaths
  1
337
217
  3
  6
  1
 10
 93
     CLASS III. —PARASITIC  DISEASES.

40. Worms......................................
Carried forward.
   1
  360
  355
  773
  975
1,031
  111
   41
7,702
  248
  977
   81
   80
    5
  597
    3
  160
   92
  974
  390


  449
  587
  101
   37
September.
Cases.  Deaths
  1
940
616
 83
 17
  1
 39
182
8,643
42
16
   54
  614
  483
1,824
2,379
1,932
  112
  107
6,634
  361
1,047
   51
   49
   19
  691
    1
  118
   35
  835
  363
544
811
114
 22
  3
124
  3
 16
October.
163,192.
Cases.
18, 242
    2
1,087
  660
   52
   11
    1
   32
  1C0
1,117
  760
2,616
3,067
2,178
  212
  189
8,381
  348
1,385
   92
   E8
   36
  900
    2
  125
  454
  683
  426
662
877
136
 13
  6
179
  3
 14
  1
November.
191,883.
Cases.
107
 19
118   21,766
    7
1,506
  877
   59
   12
    1
   22
   67
145
 44
   45
1,703
1,010
2, 623
2,307
1,443
  321
  191
7,098
  280
1,390
   70
  118
   59
1,654
    8
  190
  C83
  973
  434


  694
  848
  133
   38
Deaths.
27, 857
    3
2,166
1,519
   47
   15
    1
   34
  112
152
 49
268
50
28,556
394 
DURING  THE  YEAR  ENDING  JUNE  30, 18G2.
67
          TABLE  XII.

of the Atlantic Region.
1861.
214,903.
Cases.  Deaths.
768
849
200
 33
  1
 20
321
  4
 23
1862.
238,144.
Cases.  Deaths.
   29
1,364
  584
1,349
  948
  631
  126
  373
4,299
  245
  658
   76
  342
  312
1,394
    6
  729
1,348
  705
  359


  635
  703
  173
   25
 10
276
 3
 6
 5
 2
33
46
227,184.
Cases.  Deaths.
   13
1,023
  590
1,515
1,142
  586
   54
  144
3,744
  287
  981
   40
  121
   82
1,012
    6
  679
1,366
  587
  282


  533
  592
  154
   22
    1
  2
213
  1
 10
215,479.
Cases.  Deaths.
   14
  674
  525
1,139
  730
  600
  116
   41
5,714
  203
1,494
  106
  104
   94
  427
   11
  602
  767
  813
  439
479
430
119
 22
  2
  7
193
  3
'l3
April.
207,698.
Cases.  Deaths.
   60
1,177
  725
1,759
1,371
  9S8
  126
   70
9,797
  528
2,421
   74
  123
   48
  510
    3
  666
  319
  891
  366
378
477
129
 29
 12
301
  6
 12
22
 2
10
10
 2
 2
29
 7
 2
195, 399.
Cases.  Deaths,
   30
1,115
  688
3,089
1,522
1,259
  128
   53
9,398
  557
2,358
  274
  103
   29
  275
    7
  386
  124
1,091
  266


  312
  334
  109
   32
    1
  5
352
  3
  9
June.
186,885.
Cases.  Deaths.
    65
 1,395
   796
 2,663
 1,273
 1,456
   153
    76
11, 314
 1,114
 2, C-24
   1C8
   125
    22
    65
     1
   248
   125
 1,733
   415


   334
   476
   130
    27
     4
  5
330
  3
 31
10
Total.
Cases.   Deaths,
   400
12,359
 7,139
21,447
17,417
13, 387
 1,524
 1,440
83,864
 4,575
16, 874
 1,134
 1,283
   675
10, 022
    93
 4,249
 6,626
10,796
 4,340


 6,033
 7,265
 1,547
   305
    9
   78
2,633
   32
  172
    1
    5
    3
  175
   29
   47
   90
   29
   39
  209
  172
    7
    2
    2
   37
   12
40
30	5
31	1,792
32	1,666
33	51
34	34
35	1
36	31
37	160
38	187
39	46
25,027
 15
 66
100
    1
1,938
1,612
   67
   26
    1
   33
   90
170
 43
35
21,210
    9
1,579
1,229
   42
   28
    4
1,414
1,003
   24
   15
25
468
366
 34
12
18,871
351
126
153
 40
16
18,621
339
155
 22
 44
    7
1,535
1,107
   36
   18
    2
   34
  160
137
 34
28
26,364
466
166
 36
 42
   2
1,390
  907
   58
   30
   2
   39
  108
129
 32
27
401
 32
 29
   11
1,490
1,099
   49
   30
    3
   20
  252
33
26,494
466
29
30,099
463
852
422
581
637
271,750
53	
17,174	6
12, 512	8
571	7
242	11
14	
353	
1,595	1
1,559	229
402	3
4,081 
68
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XII.—ATLANTIC  REGION—Continned.
Year ..

Month.
Mean Strength, (not including Table XI).
LIST OF DISEASES.
       Brought forward................
CLASS  IV.—LOCAL DISEASES.

Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
41. Apoplexy...........................
42. Headache...........................
43. Inflammation of Brain...............
44. Epilepsy............................
45. Sun-stroke..........................
46. Insanity............................
47. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain.
48. Nostalgia...........................
49. Neuralgia___.......................
50. Toothache..........................
51. Paralysis...........................
52. Other Diseases of this Order.........
            Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
53. Amaurosis............................
54. Cataract..............................
55. Inflammation of Iris..................
56. Night Blindness.......................
57. Ophthalmia..........................
58. Other Diseases of this Order..........
           Order III.—Diseases of Ear.
59. Earache..............................
60. Inflammation of Internal Ear...........
61. Otorrhoea.............................
62. Deafness..............................
63. Other Diseases of this Order...........
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
64.  Aneurism....................
65.  Inflammation of Heart........
66.  Inflammation of Endocardium .
67.  Inflammation of Pericardium..
68.  Inflammation of Veins........
69.  Varicocele...................
70.  Varicose Veins...............
71.  Other Diseases of this Order..
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
  Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.

Asthma.......................................
Acute Bronchitis..............................
Chronic Bronchitis............................
Catarrh.......................................
Haemorrhage from Nose.......................
Haemorrhage from Lungs......................
Dropsy of Chest..............................
Inflammation of Larynx.......................
Inflammation of Pleura........................
Inflammation of Lungs........................
Other Diseases of this Order...................
      Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83. Abdominal Dropsy...........................
84. Cholera Morbus..............................
85. Colic........................................
66. Constipation.................................
57. Dyspepsia...................................
Carried forward.
1801.
July.
34,521.
Cases.
8,643
  1
106
  7
 21
 31
  3
  1
 13
 69
104
  7
 37


  2
  4
  3
  7
247
 31
550
 16
 18
  1
 30
 64
 49
 20
173
240
071
166
11,622
August.      September.      October.      November
78, C89.
Cases.
18, 242
  4
441
  8
 62
 51
 16
  2
  9
268
371
 11
 76


  4
'  6
 11
  1
191
 79


132
 96
101
 15
  3
   43
  553
  149
1,051
   33
   44
    1
   65
  145
   84
  384
    2
  413
  482
1,150
  313
114, 998.
Cases.
21,766
  2
522
  4
 73
 18
 18
 16
  0
235
426
 13
 10
  2
244
 61


168
118
 85
   65
  879
  130
1,692
    7
   58
 37
136
184
477
    1
  335
  578
1,619
  305
30, 358
Deaths.
180
Cases.
27,857
 39
388
  3
 68
  5
 35
 12
 29
380
382
 23
 93


  9
  2
 18
  3
303
 51


 52
 58
 70
 15
   79
1,468
  134
3,289
   12
   59
200
208
278
    3
  294
  839
1,874
  430
39,275
Deaths.
303
191,883.
Cases.
28, 556
  5
333
  9
 96
 39
  6
 45
438
444
 19
100


 14
  2
 11
  9
359
 57


 60
 66
108
 10
 13
  101
2,653
  166
6,009
   38
   88
    2
  121
  294
  331
  426
   12
  205
  623
1,720
  420
44,198
Deaths.
394 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
69
TABLE XTI.—ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
1861.			1862.													
December.			January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		ArRiL.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
214, 903.			238,144.		227,184.		215,479.		207, 098.		195, 399.		186,885.		172,365.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	25,027	526	21,210	468	18,671	353	18, 621	339	26,364	466	26,494	466	30,099	403	271,750	4,081
41	8	7	15	7	10	4	29	5	6	4	6	4	11	11	116	52
42	486		474		404		357		516		427		543		4,997	1
43	4	3	14	6	4	3	11	10	7	7	9	2	9	3	89	41
44	98	2	104	4	80	1	62	4	57	1	57	1	55	1	833	19
45			3		3		4 22		1 30		36 25	2 1	54 17			7
46	26	5	29		42	1				1				1	302	5
47	9		17	9	9	8	14	10	17	9	2	2	6	3	111	57
48	21		20		6		28		10		13	1	131		331	1
49	460		431		465		419		417		292		379		4,273	
50	603		412		444		316		456		359		439		4,750	
51	20	1	19		10	2	24	1	16		12		21		195	10
52	78	2	83		73	1	59	6	42	1	86	1	103	2	919	19
53	8		7		7		7		3		13		15		94	
54	4		7		6		5		6		3		5		52	
55	23		33		32		16		8		18		14		197	
56	3		4		5		3		6		6		18		60	
57	523		500		493		424		431		302		307		4,159	
58	113		66		80		64		69		55		40		796	
59	152		128		116		86		70		47		62		* 1,105	
60	112		111		99		42		80		38		46		875	
61	87		119		84		56		85		45		40		907	
62	24		19		15		11		21		15		22		178	
63	9		5		6		6		5		10		16		96	
64			3		2						1 11		5 11		20 110	2 9
65	10	3	14		18		8	3	10			2				
66	4		7	2	12	4	8		8	2	7		5	1	71	10
67	17	1	13		26	3	11	4	23	3	17	2	17	2	165	19
68 69	o 55	1	1 60		4 35		2 42		14 43				4 100	........	35 658	1
											60					
70	60		48		37		29		66		49		66		513	
71	46	2	80	1	61	2	38	5	98	1	42	5	37	2	535	23
72	126	2	99		81		54	1	66	1	56		79		856	4
73	2,887	14	2,916	9	2,430	6	1,744	6	1,160	7	541	1	405		17,883	48
74	382	1	428		319	2	161	3	287	4	131	5	83	6	2,401	21
75	8,192		10,079		8,185		6,073		4,242		2,041		1,382	1	52,785	1
76	32		23		6		20		47		16		38	1	288	1
77	74		63		61	4	56		71	5	52		65	1	709	10
78 79	2 210	1	3 323	2	1 326				4 97	2 4	1 63				15 1,605	3 22
						3	223	1				2	oo			
80	324		414	2	371	8	298	16	285	6	236	2	193	1	2,960	40
81	545	91	817	124	864	108	549	79	480	62	244	27	128	31	4,483	602
82	628	8	556	21	454	13	196	14	238	6	224	3	121	4	4,002	88
83	13	1	13	3	8	1	6		4	2	10	1	5		77	8
84	141	2	86	2	86		92	1	187		257		399	3	2,668	12
85	682		499		416	1	477		607		734		933	1	7,110	2
80	1, 653	........	1,520		1,386		1,046		1,399		1,423		3,194		16, 655	
87	419 44, 402		427		402		253	1	399		324		317		4,175	1
		673	42,322	660	36, 955	526	32,075	510	38,558	594	34,910	530	38,061	538	418,170 5,220 1	
 
70
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XII—ATLANTIC REGION—Concluded.
Year.....................................

Month....................................

Mean Strength (not including Table XI).
LIST OF DISEASES.
                Brought forward......................
  ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
 68. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
 89. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
 90. Fistula............................................
 91. Haemorrhage from Stomach........................
 92. Piles..............................................
 93. Acute Inflammation of Liver.......................
 94. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
 95. Hernia...........................................
 96. Jaundice.............-............................
 97. Prolapsus Ani.....................................
 98. Inflammation of Peritonaeum.......................
 99. Inflammation of Spleen...........................
100. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
101. Other Diseases of this Order......................-
 ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
102. Stone and Gravel..................................
103. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
104. Diabetes..........................................
105. Incontinence of Urine.............................
106. Difficulty of Urination.............................
107. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
108. Hydrocele and Hematocele........................
109. Sarcocele .. v.....................................
110. Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis......................
111. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
      Order VIII.-
112. Anchylosis.....
113. Exostosis......
114. White Swelling
115. Necrosis.......
-Diseases of Bones and Joints.
     ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
116. Abscess.......................................
117. Carbuncle......................................
118. Whitlow......................................
119. Boil..........................................
120. Skin Diseases.................................
121. Ulcers....................................'---
122.' Other Diseases of this Order----..............
CLASS  V.
-WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
     INJURIES.
123. Burns...........................
124. Concussion of Brain.............
125. Compression of Brain...........
126. Contusion.......................
127. Fracture........................
128. Dislocation.....................
129. Sprain..........................
130. Incised Wounds ................
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds.
132. Punctured Wounds..............
133. Gunshot Wounds................
134. Poisoning........................
135. Suicide.........................
136. Others of this Class.............
137. Unclassified Diseases.
18G1.
July.
34, 521.
Cases.  Deaths
31,622


    15
    29
     4
     1
   100
     8
    10
    55
    12
     2
     3
     1
   131
   300


     2
     1
     2
     1
    10
    12
     1
     5
    13
    32
109
 14
 36
114
181
 93
 95
  1
142
 17
  4
 46
155
141
 51
159
 17
148
14,205
August.
132
78,089.
Cases.  Deaths
25,240


    43
    90
    38
    12
   264
    59
    76
   160
    46
    18
    23
     2
   309
   353


    11
    11
     7
     8
    36
    38
    13
     8
    31
    55


    16
     5
    17
279
118
124
232
274
229
177
  2
238
 28
 23
 86
201
148
 40
107
 15
   151

   502

30,015
September.
195
114,998.
Cases.  Deaths.
30,558    193
 33
 72
 26
 16
244
 41
 31
145
207
 33
 10
  7
280
501
  1
 17
  4
  5
 51
 40
 17
 12
 40
 46


 14
  4
  5
 16


222
 75
 60
266
217
293
162
 44
  7
  7
347
 60
 19
138
214
234
 61
125
 15
152
October.
163,192.
Cases.  Deaths
39,275


    26
   110
    16
     7
   258
    52
    25
   187
   605
    13
     7
     8
   409
   534


     6
    23
244
 43
 50
 16
 12
 40
 65


  5
 18
  8
 20


333
114
 77
228
224
246
122
 37
  2
  1
440
 72
 42
191
256
210
 41
213
 12
November.
191,883.
Cases.  Deaths.
54
44,198


    32
   166
    11
    16
   374
    70
    24
   271
   574
    35
    11
     9
   753
   427


     7
    28
     4
    17
    72
    67
    15
     7
    22
    75


     3
     3
     2
    16


   350
   141
    BO
   266
   249
   324
   108
 69
  3
  1
540
 60
 34
277
277
218
 71
181
 13
201

509
45,417    402
207

429
51,217    561 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 1802.
71
TABLE XII.—ATLANTIC REGION—Concluded.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		MARCn.		ArRiL.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
214,903.			238,144.		227,184.		215,479.		207,698.		195,399.		186,885.		172,365.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	44,402	673	42,322	660	36,955	526	32,075	510	38, 558	594	34, 910	530	38,061	538	418,176	5,220
88	43	5	62	7	35	5	13	2	36	2	20	2	47	2	405	42
89	251	1	326	2	106		93	2	161	3	213	1	171		1,588	14
90	21		26		12		27		24		27		22		254	
91	11	1	13		6		15		11		4		16		128	1
92	438		385		311		306		312		304		397		3,693	
93	75	3	97	3	63		50		97		174	1	129	1	915	9
94	58		43	1	30	2	71	1	46	1	29	1	63		506	7
95	256	1	277	1	174		194		189		186		304	1	2, 398	3
96	508	1	570		476		417		456	3	499	2	634	2	5,004	9
97	14		10		10		19		14		16		30		214	
98	9	3	19		36	2	11	3	12	4	10	5	7	4	158	43
99	12		9		7		9		15		1		18		98	
100	953		1,193		1,228	1	947	1	713		345		260	1	7,521	5
101	557	3	649	1	510		292	6	381	1	319		343	1	5,172	20
102	5		1		3		7		2		3		5		53	
103	24	1	29	2	25		16		19		22		34		249	5
104	16		5	1	5		6		11		9		8		85	1
105	14		20		6		15		6		1		18	1	111	1
106	66		48		47		48	1	48		43		87		599	1
107	50		50	1	32		24	1	34	1	32	1	45		474	6
108	10		10		19		14		18		25		29		187	
109 110	10 13		5 19		4 22		3 14		4 13				7 17		77 250	
											6					
111	53	1	72		45		32		43	1	33	1	44	2	595	8
312	3		8		5		4		2		2		2		65	
113	3		7		3		4		6		7		7		67	
114	10		5		8		11		5		2		3		76	
115	7		9		9		18		15		15		6		140	
116	457		366		255	1	198		314		293'		343		3,519	1
117	92		63		58		70		56		68		68		957	
118	103		81		85		48		81		77		66		928	
119	334		236		170		190		205		148		216		2,605	
120	269		312		301		263		233		239		291		3,053	1
121	257		286		279		196		200	1	174	1	219		2,796	2
122	88		115		125		98		62		73		106		1,331	
123	64		96		71		77		52		45	1	26		638	1
124	11		7	1	3		4	1	7	1	7		14		73	8
125 126	1 590	1	1 540	2	4 416	2 1	1 398	1	4 339				2 354	1 11	25 4,612	10 16
											268					
127	99	3	80	4	68	1	70	3	55	1	48	2	90	3	747	26
128	53		61		45		21		29		22		18		371	
129	336		280		208		224		169		148		118		2,221	
130	351		371		286		245	1	292		229		230	2	3,107	5
131	392	3	342	1	246	7	269	2	216	2	279	5	398	16	3,093	44
132	75		69		38	1	58		61	1	53		395	1	1,013	9
133	162	26	130	. 25	155	30	691	165	505	118	2,172	596	4,583	1,042	9,183	2,193
134	21	2	26	2	3	2	10	1	13		11		20		176	11
135		1		2		3				5		3				23 31
136	203	1	196		224	1	148	12	160	5	228	4	120	2	2,138	
137	442	9	252 49, 999	19	358	18	271	34	305	58	297	40	2D7	38	4,368	249
	52,292	739		735	43,590	603	38,305	747	44, 609	802	42,136	1,196	48,808	1,669	496, 212	8,025
i 
f= 
               SICKNESS, ETC., DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.             73

                            CENTRAL  REGION.

    The reports from the Central  Region aro  consolidated into statistical tables for  six
departments, as follows:
    1. The Department of Western Virginia     -                 Table   XIII.
    2. The Department of the Cumberland -----  Table   XIV.
    3. The Department of the Tennessee   -----  Table    XV.
    4. The Department of the Gulf   ------  Table   XVI.
    5. The Department of the Northwest   -----  Table   XVII.
    6. The Department of the Missouri    -----  Table  XVIII.
         To these are added—
    7. A table showing the mortality in the general hospitals of the
         Central Region   --------  Table   XIX.
    8. A consolidated table for the Central Region     -            Table    XX.

             1. The Department of  Western Virginia—Table XIII.
    This  table includes the reports received from troops in the States of Virginia  and
Maryland,  west of  the  Department of the  Shenandoah.   Until September 19, 1861,
Western Virginia was embraced in the Department of the  Ohio under the command of
General G. B.  McClellan, who, in  the latter part of July, was succeeded by General W.
S. Rosecrans.   Subsequently the- table  includes the Department of Western  Virginia and
the Mountain Department.
    September 19th the Department of Western Virginia was created by General Orders,
No. 80, to consist of so much  of Virginia as lies west of  the Blue Ridge Mountains,
General Rosecrans to command.
    January 23, 1862,  the western slope of the Alleghany Mountains was declared to be
the eastern boundary.   March 3, 1862,  the eastern limits were extended to  embrace the
valleys of the  south branch of the Potomac  and the  Cow Pasture branch of the James
river, the Valley of the  James river to the Balcony Falls, the Valley of the Roanoke west
of the Blue Ridge, and the New River Valley.
    March 15, 1862, the Department of Western Virginia was merged into the Mountain
Department, which was created  by the  President's War Order No. 3, March 11,  1862, to
consist of the country west of the Department of the Potomac  and east of the Department
of the  Mississippi;  General J. C.  Fremont to  command.  The eastern boundary of  the
Department of the  Mississippi was by  the  same order declared to be a line drawn north
and south through Knoxville, Tennessee.
    June 8, 1862, the Mountain Department  was extended eastward to the road running
from Williamsport  to Martinsburg, Winchester, Strasburg, Harrisonburg and Staunton,
            10 
71                   SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS

including that place; thence in the  same direction southward  until it reaches the Blue
Ridge  chain  of  mountains; thence with  the  line of the Blue Ridge to the southern
boundary of the State of Virginia.
     May 24th, General Fremont was ordered to cross into the Shenandoah Valley, and
did so, with the greater  part of his force, which still remained in the valley at the close
of the  fiscal year.
     The most important engagements were those at Rich Mountain, July 11, 1861, at
Carnifex Ferry, September 10, 1861, and at Cross-Keys, June 8, 1862.

              2.  The Department of the Cumberland—Table XIV.

     This table includes the reports received  from troops operating in Kentucky and
Tennessee east of the Tennessee river,  and from the army under General Buell known aa
the Army of  the Ohio.
     The Department of the Cumberland was created by General Orders, No. 57, August
15, 1861, to consist of the  States of Kentucky and Tennessee,-General  R. Anderson to
command.  November 9th it was discontinued,  the region being merged into the Depart-
ments of the Missouri and the Ohio.  As, however, it was reestablished in October, 1862,
and continued throughout the war, the designation, Department of the Cumberland, has
been retained for the table.  The first reports received are for October,  and represent
troops  in the Department of the  Cumberland  as  above described.   November 9, 1861,
that portion of the State of Kentucky east of the Cumberland river and the State of
Tennessee were added to the Department of the Ohio, General D. C. Buell to command.
The Department of the Ohio at this time embraced, besides the State of Ohio  Michigan
and Indiana, which, however, are not included in Table XIV.  March 11,1862, the Depart-
ment of the Ohio was discontinued, and all of  it west of a line  running north and south
of Knoxville, Tennessee, was added to the  Department of the Mississippi, created  by the
President's  War Order  No. 3,  General H. W. Halleck to command;  nevertheless, for
statistical reasons, the table continues  to include the Army of  the Ohio and the stations
east of the Cumberland river.
     The most important movement during the year was that of the Army of the Ohio
southward in the spring  of 1862.  Nashville, Tennessee, was occupied towards the close
of February, and the main body reached Pittsburg Landing on April 5th, and participated
next day in the battle of Shiloh.   The Army of the Ohio was engaged in the subsequent
operations which terminated in the surrender of Corinth, May 30th.  After this it marched
into northern Alabama,  whither,  after the occupation  of  Nashville, the  division under
General Mitchell had already proceeded, and subsequently into southern Tennessee. 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1862.
75
               3. The Department of the Tennessee—Table XV.

    The Department of the Tennessee  was not created  until October, 1862;  the name,
however, has been used in this table to designate the troops within the limits assigned to
the Department of  the Tennessee in General Orders, No.  159,  October  16,  1862,  by
which the  Department was made to include  Cairo, Forts Henry and Donelson, northern
Mississippi, and the portion  of Kentucky and Tennessee lying west of the Tennessee
river.
     The troops in this region formed a part  of the Western  Department from  July 3 to
November 9, 1861.   From  November 9 to  March 11, 1862, they were included in the
Department of  Missouri, and subsequently in the Department of the Mississippi.
     In  July, 1861, the principal station was-Cairo, Illinois, and its vicinity; subsequently
Paducah and Smithland, Kentucky, were occupied.   In the beginning of February, 1862,
the Army of the Tennessee, under the command of General Grant, ascended the Tennessee
river  on transports to Fort  Henry, Tennessee.  After the surrender of  Fort  Henry,
February 6th,  and of Fort Donelson, February 16th, the troops were moved on transports
up the Tennessee river to Pittsburg Landing, near which the battle of Shiloh was fought
April 6th  and 7th.  On the latter  day the Army of the  Ohio  under General Buell
participated in the conflict.
     Subsequently to the battle of Shiloh the  movement towards Corinth, Mississippi, took
place, terminating in the siege of that place and its evacuation by the Rebel army, May
29th.  During the operations before Corinth  the Army of the Tennessee formed the right,
the Army of the Ohio the centre, and the Army of the Mississippi the left of the besieging
force; the whole being under the command of General H. W. Halleck.   The Army of the
Mississippi, under the command of General  John  Pope, had been organized in Missouri,
and  made  the  campaign which  resulted in  the capture of New Madrid,  Missouri, and
Island No. 10,  in the Mississippi  river.  After the battle of Shiloh it was brought on
transports to join the forces  before Corinth, arriving in the latter part of April.  The
reports from this Army prior to April are consolidated in the Department of the Missouri.
     Subsequently to the evacuation of  Corinth the Army of the Ohio moved to the east,
as already shown.   The Army of  the Mississippi, however, remained cooperating with  the
Army of the Tennessee.  The reports from  the Army of the Mississippi for April, May,
and June, are, therefore, included in this table.
     The most important engagement in this  Department, besides those already mentioned,
was that at Belmont,  Missouri, November 7,  1861,  in which  an expeditionary force from
Cairo under command of General Grant participated. 
76
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
                 4. The Department of the Gulf—Table XVI.

     In this table are included the reports received from  Fort Pickens and Santa Rosa
Island, Florida, Ship Island, Mississippi, and the expeditionary  force under General B. F.
Butler, which occupied New Orleans.
     The Department of the Gulf was created  by General Orders, No. 20, February 23,
1862, to consist of all the coast of the Gulf of Mexico west of Pensacola Harbor, and so
much of the Gulf States as should be occupied by the forces under General B. F. Butler.
     March 15, 1862, the  State of Florida was transferred to the Department of the South.
In these statistical tables, however, the plan has been  pursued  of including the east coast
of Florida, Key  West, and Tortugas, with the Department  of the South, while Fort
Pickens and Santa Rosa Island are embraced in  the Department of the Gulf.
     The table includes simply the troops at Fort Pickens and Santa Rosa Island until the
close of February, 1862.   A brigade of General Butler's expedition reached Ship Island
in December,  1861,  but  March  is the first month represented in the reports.  During
March and the early part of April additional troops arrived at Ship Island,  and soon after
the joint military and naval expedition sailed  from that point,  which, after the reduction
of Forts  St. Philip and Jackson, occupied  New Orleans, May 1, 1862.  A part of the
expeditionary  force subsequently occupied Baton Rouge  and advanced  as  far  as the
neighborhood of  Vicksburg.

              5. The Department  of the  Northwest—Table XVII.

     This  Department  was created by General  Orders, No. 128, September 7,  1862, to
consist of  the States of Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, and the Territories of  Nebraska and
Dakota.   The designation is applied in the table to the same geographical limits, with the
exception of the State of  Wisconsin.   It embraces, therefore, all the region between the
Mississippi river and the  Rocky Mountains north of Missouri  and Kansas.  This region
formed part of the Western Department until November 9,  1861;* then of the Department
of the Missouri, until March 11. 1862, after which it became a portion of the Department
of the Mississippi.

               6. The Department  of the Missouri—Table XVIII.

     This  table embraces  the reports  received from troops in  Missouri and Kansas, and
from the Army of the Southwest under General  S. R. Curtis, which during the latter part
of the year was operating in Arkansas.
     Missouri and Kansas formed part of the Western Department from July 3 to Novem-
ber 9, 1861, when the Department of the Missouri and  the Department of Kansas were
created by General Orders, No. 97. 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
77
     The Department of Kansas was to consist of the State of  Kansas, the Indian Terri-
tory west of Arkansas, and the Territories of Nebraska, Colorado,  and Dakota.  March
11, 1862, it was merged into the Department of the Mississippi.
     The Department of the Missouri consisted of the States of Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota,
Wisconsin, Illinois, Arkansas,  and that portion  of Kentucky  west of the  Cumberland
river.  March 11,  1862, it also was merged into the Department of the Mississippi.
     The  Department  of  the  Missouri  was  reestablished  September  19,  1862,  with
boundaries essentially the same as were assigned to it in the preparation of the present
table.
     Among the military  movements during the year within  these boundaries, that of
General Fremont to Springfield in  October, 1861, and the campaigns of Generals Curtis
and Pope during the first  six  months of 18*62, may be particularly mentioned.   General
Curtis with the Army of the Southwest moved during the latter part of January to Rolla,
and thence to Lebanon.  From Lebanon he advanced to Springfield, crossed into Arkansas
February 18th, fought the battle  of Pea Ridge  March  7th and 8th, and subsequently
marched  through the State to Helena, on the Mississippi river.
     General Pope  with the Army of the Mississippi moved from Commerce in the latter
part  of February towards New Madrid, which was evacuated by the enemy March 14th;
he next operated against Island No. 10, which was evacuated April 8th.   Later in April
the greater part of his forces were sent on  transports to join in the operations against
Corinth.   The reports from these troops for April,  May, and June, 1862. are consolidated
with the Department of the Tennessee, as has been already explained. 
78
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
            TABLE XIII.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1801.					■
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	16,139.		10,377.		25,047.		22,602.		25,516.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 2 54 O
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.					3 212 102 366 352 123 80 29 1,028 177 515 54 10 1 175	12 1 3 2 1	32 589 350 636 416 229 34 1 1,142 169 493 44 12	35 1 1 1 1 2	24 757, 252 443 25J 191 13 5 9G0 119 2G6 32 15	
2. Typhoid Fever......................................	5 7 128 206 123 4 1 969 5 320 1 17	1	34 32 189 135 28 2 4 643 47 265 36 1	2 4						
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
	300		107 1 15				130		160	
										
	42				44 62 116 80 48 90 15 4		36 107 53 56 51 G4 7		45 14 134 56 69 49 14 3	
										
19. Debility.................................	60 2 21 62 13 2		37 6 32 31 15							
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.										
										
23. Orchitis......................................										
										
										
										
ORDER in.—Dietic Diseases.	2 2 2		3		9 3		6			
									3 1 5 218 112 2 8	
			2							
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.						•	1 234 150 5 3			
	67 32		80 90 4 2		226 143 9 6					
										
										
	4									
										
			1				3 3 23 2 8	1	1 11 40 10 1	2
37. Other Diseases of this Order...................					39 35 7 3					
Order U.—Tubercular Diseases.	5 6		5							
39. Scrofula.................										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES.			2							
Carried forward.......										
	2,408	1	1,849	6	4,166	19	5,089	42	4,283	60
'------------~-------------_ .										
 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
79
            TABLE  XIII.



of the Department of  Western Virginia.
1861.									1809.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		Juke.		Total.	
29,887.			17,223.		17,711.		19,973.		23,081.		18,656.		21,529.		20,645.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2	18 494	1 44	6 140						2 93	18	6 88	1 13			91 2,766	4 232
				16	116	8	133	21					107	9		
3	126		28		29		24		55		27		59		1,091	1
4	264	3	66	1	48		81		165		47		127	1	2,560	7
5	189		90		68		153		108		163		130	1	2,262	1
6	170		56		60		52		68		55		122		1,277	
7 8	1 8				o 1				3 15	3	6				145	9 1
		2											1			
9	1,149		621		465		571	1	680		641		1,257		10,126	
10	188	1	89	1	44		45		87		39		66		1,075	3
11	138		71		67		103		136		166		380		2,920	10
Ifl	28				6		13		12		9		14		249 177	1 2
13	15		13		12		18		23		21	1	20			
14 15			2 131												3 2,054	62
	329	2		6	172	12	388	37	109	4	36		17	1		
16 17			12 26						1 317	1					14 1,345	1
	242				111		234				123		110			
18 19	91 93		307 38		215 74		188 51		304 69						1,288 891	
											62		84			
20	14	1	6	1	2		1		6		6		4		239	2
21	29		25		48		26		21		11		12		393	
22	61		51		38		38		46		32		40		602	
23	13		9		14		12		37		26		13		188	
24	3		1		1				1		2				18	
25 26 27																
																
	3				1		4		19		9 1		5 1		61 20	
28	2		2		1		2	1	3							1
29			1	1	1		11								29 9 1,749	1 3
30 31			2 94						1 196							
	144				129		138	3			119		104			
32	160		88		117		105		140		59		184		1,380	
33					3		o		8				7 3		40 44	
34	1		2		9		1		4		1					
35 36																
	4		1				2		2						16 82 237	
37	7				9		2		7				4 7			
38	17	1	22	2	28	3	30	8	19	1	6	1				19
39	7	1	5		4		7		3				2		53	1
																
40			3		1		1		3		1		2		25	
																
_	4,008	56	2,008	28	1,896	23	2,436	71	2,783	27	1,762	16	2,896	12	35,584	361
 
80
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XIII—DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA—Continued.
					1801.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	16,139.		10,377.		25,047.		22,602.		23,516.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	2,408	1	1,849	6	4,166 1 83 1 11 3 3	19	5,089	42	4,283	GO
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	22		32			1	36		19 1 6	
										
	3 5 19		1 2				10			
										
							o	1	4	
										
	1 58 54 2 5 1		1 31 11				6 41 92 5 13	1	4 54 56 1 19 2	
					64 44 2 14					
										
										
			11							
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	1				1				1	
										
	46 1 13 9 11 2		32 1 3 5 3 3 1		50 15 6 6 8 5		49 13 13 2 1 1 3 1 2 3 4		34 9 1	
										
Order IDT.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
									3 1 5 1	
										
										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.					1 2 1					
			1							
	3									
									1	
					2 11 24 5 12 64 15 755 4 17					
	1 3		5 5 2 1 43 24 225 3 3				2 12 3 6 64 32 665	1	9 6 8 5 136 17 1,092 4 3	
										
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
	88 4 143 4 4									
										
										
										
							9			
										
	1 16 31 6	1	7 18 23 7	1 2	7 31 57 10 2 26 64 189 61	o 1	24 10 47 12 2 lfi 76 274 33	2 2	10 17 129 29	t. 8 1
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 83. Abdominal Dropsy...........................										
84. Cholera Morbus...................	27 53 169 28		29 27 99 28					1	21 53 205 45	
85. Colic...............................										
										
										
Carried forward.....................										
	3,242	2	2,536	9	5,843	23	6,673	50	6,294	69
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
81
TABLE XIIL—DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA—Continued.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
29,887.			17,223.		17,711.		19,973.		23,081.		18, 656.		21,529.		20,645.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	4,008	56	2,008	28	1,896	23	2,436	71	2,783	27	1,702	16	2,896	12	35,584	361
41 42			1 22	1	4 8	3	1 39	1					1 51		8 457	5
	54								63		28					
43 44	1 7						1 8	1 1							4 71	2 2
		1	6		9				3		2		5			
45							4	1	4		5		4		27	1
46 47 48 49			1		1		2 2 7 48	1	5		1		2		40 3 26 564	1 2
	1 3 67	1														
									2 56		1 25		1 65			
			27		28											
50	43		12		13		44		45		14		31		459	
51 52					4 13	1	1 8						1 30		16 344	1 3
	12		7	1				1	9		3					
53 54 55 56 57															3 4 9 1 544	
	1 1				2		1									
									4				1 1 41			
																
	45		33		32		58		82		42					
58 59	12 10		9 7				11 11								71 91	
					8				5		4		10			
60	1		7		7		9		15		3		5		69	
61	8		1		3		5		7		3		4		57	
62 63	3 2						I		1 1						17 32	
																
64 65 66 67 68 69					3										6 7 8 9 5 55	
									1		1					
			1 1 1 4													
	1								1				1 2 10			
																
	6				3		2		1		1					
70	o		6		10		7		11		4		38		108	
71	7		1						1		2		1		30	
72	9		3		10	1	4		11		3		3		67	2
73	269	1	301		92		233	2	212		60		26		1,388	3
74	48		23		15	1	12		28		10		11		239	1
75	1,452		586		741		897		783		331		228		7,898	
76	2		1		3				2						24	
77	3		3		16				11		1				86	I
78 79																
	60	1	24		4		26	1	48		13		8		2C2	4
%0	38		28		20		24		63		23		26		314	
81	103	18	77	Q	68	8	102	11	109	12	34	3	17	1	797	76
82	26		31	2	38		49		6		7		4		225	6
83	2	1			1									.....\.	7	
84	2		3		2		6		24		23		42		221	
85	55		32		28		26		38		45		2C0	1	G97	2
Rfi	226		94		124				249		119		204		1 Or-O	
87	51		29		44		41		32		17		22		431	
	6,641	80	3,195	41	3,250	37	4,138	91	4,716	39	2,587	19	3,972	14	53, C87	474
11 
82
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XIII.—DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA—Concluded.
					IS	;i.				
•										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVEMIJKK.	
										
	16,139.		10, 377.		25,047.		22,602.		25,516.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	3,242 13 6 2	2	2,536 2 3 3	9	5,843 9 9 1 1 31 1 7 63 7 o 3 1 45 27	23 1	6,673 2 14 2 2 28 7 1 45 16	50	6,294 I 6	69
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
										
										
										
	9		16 8 4 16 2 1 1						22 1 o 35 62 1	1
										
	10 16 15									
										
										
										
	5						5	1		
									1 71 8 1 4	
	41 19 3 1		26 28 2 1	1			62 8			
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
					6					
										
	1 5 2						1 1 7			
106 Difficulty of Urination...............................			3		4 9 1				1 3	
										
										
									1 1 9	
	1		2 1		6 11 3 1		2 3			
										
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
	1						1		3	
			1 1 32							
					3 38 6 12 37 24 31		3 29 1 7 7 13 13 11 4 1	-	1 22 1 1 10 37 31 8 2 1	
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	29									
										
118. Whitlow............................................	2 11 24 18 • 1 7 3 3 18 5 3 17 4 26 13 47 2		3 7 7 18 1 3							
119. Boil................................................										
										
121. Ulcers.............................................										
122. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. 123. Burns..............................................					6 4 1 70 22 8 27 18 23 1 123 3					
										
		1 1 11	2 1........ 15 1....... 4							
						1 25	17 4 10 17 18 21 3 76 1	1 12	24 6 3 13 16 13 6 46	1 .....
127. Fracture...........................................										
128. Dislocation.........................................			4 22 5 4 8 27	10						
129. Sprain.............................................										
										4
										
										
133. Gunshot Wounds............................										
										
								1 3 1		
136. Others of this Class............	29 10	........i 7 1........! 18 ........| 14 5 30				1	23 37		20 16	6
137. Unclassified Diseases........										
										
Total.................	3.6G4					51	7,190	69	6,804	81
										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING  JUNE 30, 1862.
83
TABLE XIII.—DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA—Concluded.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		ArrjL.		May.		June.		Total.	
29, 887.			17,223.		17,711.		19,973.		23,081.		18,656.		23,529.		20,645.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	6,641	80	3,195	41	3,250	37	4,138	91	4,716	39	2,587	39	3,972	14	53, C87	474
88 89	5 9	2	6 2	1	1 9		3 7	1	2 8	3					44 94	4 2
											11		10			
90	1		1		5		3		2		1		3		22	
91 92									2 28						5 263	
	33		12		12		14				17		41			
93 94			7 1				2 2		5 9		4 5		7 23		42 71	
	5				2											
95	33	1	41		25		50		22		6		24		376	2
96	116		174		177		88		113		31	1	81		882	1
97 98	2 1	1	3												9 65	3
					13		25							1		
99 100							1 176						1 19		4 925	
	162		65		113				118		27					
101	34	1	6		50	2	48	1	68	1	10		29		335	6
102 103											1 1		1 4		8 26	
	1		2		3		1		2							
104 105 106 107							1 1				1		1 1 4 2		3 6 34 31	
	2 1 2															
			4 2		3				7 2		1 1					
							1									
108 109 no 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122	1 1 3 3		1 3		2 2		1		1 1 1 1 2 3				1 1		8 9 17 33 17 16 1 35 279 23 C8 84 259 249 50	
																
											1					
			2 4 1										3			
					4 3		4 3									
																
																
	1 20 1 9 6 39 19 18		1 20 2 1 4 36 14 3		4 11 1 2 3 19 17 1		1 12									
									22 2 9 13 21 25 2		18 2 1		26 7 12 3 15 14			
							9 3 17 24 2									
											7 25 3					
123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130	10		6		1		7		9 1		3		4 2		62 32 I 7 314 70 47 393 119	3
	1 31 8 8 12 13															
			17 3 1 9 4		17 4 2 4 8		30 4 2 6 10		28 5 2 17 12		25 3 4 18 4		22 2			
													31 7			
131 132 133 134 135 136	24 2 92 1	1 32	17 1 26	1	11		10 2 10	7	13 8 10 2	1 1 1	85 1 217	11 53	32 7 87 1	4 3 24	281 52 762 11	17 5 184 1 4 15
				5	1											
				1 1	4	1										
	11		10				8	4	3		6		16	1	155	
137	67	3	52	1	46	2	192		6		3		6	1	499	14
	7,469	121	3,759	51	3,830	42	4,918	104	5,324	44	3,140	84	4,521	48	60,044	735
 
84
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
            TABLE XIV



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
							17,953.		22,203.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.							6 77 42 124 508 304 12 2 1,337 63 398 21 11	30 1 2	3 216 24 657 578 325 11 15 1,462 53 379 24 10 4 1,077	3 14 5 I 2 1 1
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
							140			
										
							26 152 87 7 57 100 9		56 60 Gl 14 71 99 12 1	
										
19. Debility............................................										
										
ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases.										
										
										
										
										
										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.							2 6 1			
									18 19	1
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
							123 92 3 1		158 65 14 1	
										
										
										
										
							2 6 7			
									13 5 3 3	
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 38. Consumption.......................................										
39. Scrofula..............................										
CLASS III.—FARASITIC DISEASES.							9			
										
					1		3,735	13	5,531	28
					i					
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862,
85
           TABLE XIV.



of the Department of the Cumberland.
1861.									1869.							AL.
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Tot	
24,905.			32,403.		26,069.		25, 466.		58,429.		03,297.		57, 822.		36,512.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2	4 256	4 42	18 558	5 47	16 282	o 54			46 414	1 54	20 552	1 78			113 2,8G4	16 367
							188	23					321	45		
3	96		116		54		100		247	4	267	4	233	1	1,179	9
4	544	11	523		354	1	343	1	722		1,063	5	919	1	5,249	25
5	453		381		319		278		733		811		686	1	4,747	1
6	354		413		143		115		467		480		363		2, 964	
7	9		10		3		24		52		76		117		314	
8	42	3	10	2	11	4	9	3	20	9	38	6	47	4	394	32
9	1,679		2,973		1,639	1	2,100	4	5,S02	4	4,451		3,064	1	24,807	12
10	123	1	171		77	1	127	2	540	9	728	12	610	5	2,492	30
11	457	1	370		294	1	419	1	794	1	597	6	321	3	4,029	15
12	27		49		18	1	18		84		40	1	69	3	350	6
13	23	1	22		11		16		49	1	49	1	38	2	229	5
14	10	3	4	1	2		1		11		11		8		51	5
15	900	10	658	12	202	2	164	3	135	4	45	1	9		3,330	32
16 17							2 228		2 636						4 2,471	
	118		589		263						399		156			
18	3G4		1C8		14		33		19		60		7		949	
19	126		228		86		160		519	2	428		478		2,173	2
20	7		63		106	1	78	1	100	3	112		121		G08	5
21	65		85		36		35		73		85		76	1	583	1
22	149		304		60		71		91		146		115		1,135	
23	17		61		29		38		55		50		39		310	
24 25			3						7		1				12 5	
													5			
26 27																
	2		3		1		1		12	1	33		/ 21	1	75	2
28	7	1	10	1	7		4	1	7	1	3		1		63	4
29	32				19		3				1 12 374		4		CO 21 2,227	1 1
30 31	2 3.76						7 173									
		1	380		202				389				252			
32	159		204		106		86		311	1	342		236		1,601	1
33	11	1	18		29		37		71		47		55		285	1
34	2		9		7		22		36		45	2 '	51		174	2
35 36									10 5						10 42	
	5		2		5		2				14		7			
37	13		5		9		5		12		34		9		86	
38	13		27	4	21	2	14	1	31	6	40	1	32	2	190	16
39	9		10		8		1		11		7		8		57	
40	7		13		56		2		71		19		12		192	
	6,241	79	8,488	72	4,689	70	4,904	40	32,685	101	11,482	118	8,490	70	66,245	591
																
 
86
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XIV.—DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND—Continued.
VF \K ...........................					1861.					-,
										
	July.		Aucust.		September.		October.		November.	
										
							17,953.		22,203.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
							3,735 2 53	13	5,531	28
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
									15 2 8	2
										
							4			
										
							1			
										
							9 54 45 2 8		8 66 56	
										
										
										
									12	1
ORDER II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
							1		1	
										
57. Ophthalmia.........................................							90 5 9 4 3 1		101 15 9 7 4 3	
										
ORDER III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
										
										
										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										
									2	
										
							1 2 4			
									5 1 3 10 375 17 825 3 9	1 1
										
										
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.							7 124 20 519 2 7			
										
										
										
										
										
										
							21 27 40 6	1 1	28 23 135 19	8
										
										
				1						
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.										
				1			26 59 165 41		12 44 173 40	
85. Colic.............................................				i						
			1							
			1 :							
	1		1 1							
	___1 1 1						5,097	15	7,562	41
1 i i 1 |										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1862.
87
TABLE XIV.—DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND—Continued.
1861.								CII.	1869.							
December.			Jam'	ARY.	February.		Mai		April.		May.		J L'NE.		Total.	
24,905.			32,	163.	26,069.		25, 466.		58,429.		G3,297.		57,822.		36, 512.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	6,241	79	8,488	72	4,689	70	4,904	40	12,665	101	11,482	118	8,490	70	66,245	591
41 42	1 56	1	3 31	2	1 23	1			4 108	1	1 185	1	4 150	4	16 656	10
							35									
43 44	3 9	1	1 15	1	3 4	2	2 4		3 13	3 1	3 15				17 87	9 6
												4	15	1		
45							1				9' 16 7		23 3 3			2
46			4		1		4 1	1 1	11 3			1 3			40 20	
47	1		2	1	3	1				2				1		9
48	7		22		• 4		2		6		2		12		72	
49	120		83		58		74		189		189		173		1,006	
50	119		75		66		73		161		108		98		801	
51 52			1 10		3 2		1 7				7 34		14 16	2	28 122	2 4
	13							3	20							
53 54 55	1		1 1 5				1 1		1		2 4 7				6 7 21	
													1 1			
	2				1				3							
56 57					1 89						1 140		6 172		8 1,080	........
	103		128				102		155							
58 59	20 16		12 13		5 21				7 42		6 29		17 38		87 185	
							8									
60	21		20		3		5		33		19		20		132	
61	9		40		12		15		21	1	15		15		134	1
62			4		1		3				5		g		25	
63																
64 65					1				1	2					2 7 12 18 9 79	2 2 1 2
	1		1								4					
fifi	2				4		1	1					1 g			
67	1		2		1		I				5			1		
68					1				£				2 21			
69	7		13		1		5		11		14					
70	3		3		1		5		7		19		21		64	
71	11		4		4		6	1	6	3	3		3	1	40	6
72	11		19		3		8		10		12	1	11		91	1
73	663		464	2	358	2	376	1	275		200		124		2,959	5 1
74	22		39		23		57		148	1	96		67		489	1
75	1,414		2,250		953		1,000	1	1,199		544		554		9,318	1
76	1		1		1				13		14		13		48 76	
77	5	1	18	1	5		5		9		10		8			3 1
78					1	1									1 296	1
79	14		45		53		34		26		47		28			
80	47		108	1	56	1	49	1	126		112		46		594	3
81	205	10	228	16	199	19	189	14	346	40	214	12	88	9	1,644	129 1
82	46	2	69		57	2	19	1	11		34	1	38	1	299	8
83			3		2 22		1 18		3 89		9 108		8 192			
84	17	2	30									1		1	26 514	4
8ij	76	1	99		82		88		296		286		219		1,249 2,432 618	1
86	249		308		194		222		298		289		534			
67	52		65		60		47		120		81		312			
	9,589	97	12, 728	96	7,072	99	7,434	65	16,463	155	14,392	145	11,378	93	91,715	806
 
88                  SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XIV.—DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND—Concluded.
					1S01.					
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
							17,953.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
							5,097 25 6 2 1 23 10 1 19 11 1 4 9 56 12 2 3 1	15 1	7,562 27 4 3 3 22 5 4 7 22	41 1 1
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
								2		
									-1 85 31 2 4	
										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
										
									1 1 7 1	
							7 2			
										
										
										
							2 2			
									5 1	
Order VTU.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
							1		4 4 39 1 16 23 39 38	
										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.							17 8 9 16 27 21 3 4 4			
										
118. Whitlow............................................										
										
										
										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES.								1	9	
										
										
							71 7 2 13 18 19 23 24	1 1	31 5 6 16 21 23 8 15 2	1 4 2
										
										
										
										
										
132. Punctured Wounds..................................										
133. Gunshot Wounds...........................										
										
										
							2 , 1 • 21 ........ ______1_____		22 41	1
137. Unclassified Diseases............										
					----	----				
									8,152	51
							5, 606			
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
89
TABLE XIV.—DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND—Concluded.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		1 Total.	
24,905.			32, 403.		26,069.		25,466.		58,429.		63,297.		57,822.		3£, 512.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 12,728	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Ca6es.	Deaths.
	9,583	97		96	7,072	99	7,434	65	16,463	155	14,392	145	11,378	93	91,715	800
88	15		13	1	12	1	9	1	6		5	2	14		126	6
89	19		9	1	3		8		11	2	42	1	25	1	127	6
90	2		3		5		3		7		13		5		43	
91			5				1		3							
92	41		68		23		41		134	1	120		119		591	1
93	9		15		3		9		35		37		41		164	
94	11		1		1				49		13		38		118	1
95	27		35		17		10		35		56		51		257	
96	44		171	1	211		304		756	3	601		314	2	2,434	6
97	2		4		2		4		13		5		3		34	
98 99 100			1 1 177	1	2		10 a 95		2 4 179		5 1 119				24 21 3,048	3
	3 136															
					120								81			
101	4		37		24	1	56		34		44		56		291	1
102 103			3 12		2 2		1 4		3 9				1 6		14 60	
	14										6					
104	1		1				1		2				2			
105 100	3 4								3 16		2 26				9 94	
			"7		9		4						20			
107	10		38		12		27		43		32		23		194	
1(',8			2				2		3						14 7	
109	1								2		2		2			
110	1		2						8		9		3		25	
111	4		3		6		3		1	1	5		5		34	1
112	5		2		1						2				13 7 24 12 436	
113 114 115	4 3 2						1 6		1				1 1			
			5 1		4											
									1		3					
116	64		48		20		40		51		78	1	79			1
117	13		8		3		1	1	14		11		15		74	1
118	13		10		5		1		21		6		13		94	
119	52		28		9		6		34		14		18		200	
120	109		108		63		60	1	135		53		59		653	1
121	35		29		5	1	11		35		36		29		239	1
122	2				3		2				4				14 99	
123	16		10		10		16		5		21		8			
124			1						o				2		9 17 420	1 1
125 126									15 67		2 50					
	36		42		34		27						62			
127	3		9		5		4		51		13	1	22		117	1
128	6		4		1		3		5		10		6		43	
129	18		29		9		12		34		23		33		187	
130	26	1	46	1	22		25	1	34	1	39		31		262	4
131	14		13	1	15	1	28		241	8	54	7	65		472	17
132	5		6		3		2		43		10		9		109	1
133	12	3	10	1	6		7	2	1,890	300	142	29	48	17	2,154	357
134	1	1					1		1		2		5		12	3
																
135 136				1 1								2				3 6
	25		17		10	1	3		19	2	18		8	1	124	
137	*	2	86		34	3	12		148	15	114	7	28	8	511	36
	10,431	104	13,848	105	7,788	107	8,296	71 i	20.668	488	16,244	395	12,736	122 i	103,769 1	3,265
 
90
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
            TABLE  XV.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	6,277.		6,103.		8,323.		14, 325.		15,238.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. ORDER I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	3 33 15 176 307 158 7 7 634 16 129 o 5	2 7 1 3	3 17 17 202 518 275 83 7 1,122 49 116	1 6 2	10 70 7 395 640 3C8 34 4 1,331 48 202 12 5	4 10 o 2 3 1	7 140 14 384 1,158 592 152 3 1,319 271 387 26 234 42 561	21 3 2 5 2 13 3	6 101 16 239 982 277 90 4 1,020 109 2G2 21 26	16 1 1 0 1 8 1 1
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
			, 5							
										
	46		84	1	326 1 13	5		10	204	6
										
	14		27				22 1 99 42 18 26 7 1		55 20 114 80 14 34 5 1	
										
19. Debility...................................	33 8 21 25 8 1		130 29 10 13 8 1		220 165 10 9 1	1				
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 21. Syphilis........................................										
										
23. Orchitis........................................										
										
										
										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.	15 3		5 1 9		1		8 6			
									7	
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	42 3 7 1		23 10 3 1		53 30 5 1		101 49 2 3		112 62 6	
										
										
										
										
									1 6 12	3
	2 7 1		3 2 1 1		22 9 2					
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.							5 1 2	1		
39. Scrofula...................										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES.									9	
Carried forward..........										
	1,729	13	2,775	10	3,994	28	5,683	60	3,895	40
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
91
         TABLE XV.



of the Department of Tennessee.
1861.			1869.														
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		1 Total.		
22,108.			8,786.		9,683.		8,082.		68, 966.		76,448.		66,042.		25,665.		
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	
1	1								18	2				2 76	!l 71 2,365	17 3C2	
2	100	31	68	7	14	3	26	5	515	82	777	128	504				
3	44		3		14		1		261	5	383	3	278	5	1,053	13	
4	232	3	82	1	74		119		988	6	1,606	6	1,574	9	6,071	31	
5	825		88	1	99	1	119	1	1,312	1	1,343	1	1,273	1	8,664	6	
6	311		46		44		106		884		1,307		1,028		5,396		
V	63		25		29		23		185		64	1	168		923	1	
6	8	3			1	1	6	1 1	68		128 7,084	17 14	72 5,617	13 11	308 27,413	55 56	
9	1,053	6	271		425		804		6,733	14							
10	178	2	15	1	98		269		1,645	19	1,760	9	1,187	17	5,645	51	
11	207	4	18		124		146		995	8	1,240	3	587	3	4,413	45	
.12	33	1			23		84		64		206 82		53 65	2	524 557	7 5	
13	29	2	13		32	1	7		74	1							
14			16			2 1	4 72	2	76 163	7 4	32 114	3 2			215 2,032		
15	244	5	149	8	58								11			42	
16							4						2 £8		12 1,235		
17	161		129		84		82		379		171						
18	20		290						12		96		89 615		528 2,531		
19	206		33		59		71		361	6	590	2		8		17	
20	34	1	1						148		260		140 33	4 1	907 275	7 2	
21	41		19		8		9		54	1	38						
22	68		113		29		28		106		119		62		632		
23	14		21		19		18		38		28		27		194		
24	2								4		5 1		4 2		19 4		
25	1													1			
26 27																	
	4		3		5		1		6		40		41		129		
28	3		1						10	2		1	7 4 5 350		49		
29											23 3 450						
30									6 501						45		
31	222	1	40		36		40								14 1,970	1	
32	112		19		20		33		315		375		259		L>2G7		
33	5				1		3 5		38 25 1 1		71 67 2		70 100				
34	5														211		
35 36	1 1														4 13 134		
			3		1								5 43				
37	10		3		2		1		29		13						
38	8	3			10	1	8		58	5	64	7	50	4	233	24	
																	
3y	3	1			1				11		18		5		43	1	
																	
40	2						1		23		5		1		44		
																	
	4,251	63	1,469	18	1,313	10	2,070	10	16,116	177	18, 599	205	14,457	157	76,351	791	
 

SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XV.—DEPARTMENT OF TENNESSEE—Continued.
					1861					1
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	6,277.		6,103.		8,323.		14,3	25.	15,238.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,729	13	2,775	10	3,994	28	5,683 3 9 3 4	60 2 2	3,895 1 18 1 4	40 m i i i
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. OitDEtt I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	37		11		1					
										
	2 2 2		3 1 1		3					
										
									1	
							1 3 42 22 4 16	1 3		
									1 30 47. 5 8	
	18 47		23 8		18 17 1 5	........				
										
										
	9		3 1							
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
			1							
	1 44 11 3 5						2 36 2 8 5 3		3 65 11 13 8 2 1	
			34 2		47					
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.					1 3 1 2					
										
										
			2			........				
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										
	1								2 1	i
										
							3 2 2			
	1				1				4 3 4 2 175 25 543 3 5 1 3 23 59 16 1 4 32 114 17	i i 10
	4 1									
71. Other Diseases of this Order.........................			1		1 1 61 7 74					
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.							7 113 14 290 2 2	1		
	49 ........		24 7 18							
										
	30 ........									
										
	7				4					
										
	2 14						5 12 33 1	4		
			8 2 6		2 11 24					
	7 ........ 14 i									
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.										
84. Cholera Morbus.........................	7 ........ 31 ........		7 15 135 3		9 29 168 9		15 46 206 ! 16	2		
										i i |
										
Carried forward.................	8 2,176					28				
		13	3,091	10	4,494		6,618	73	5,152	1 58 i
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1802.
93
TABLE XV.—DEPARTMENT OF TENNESSEE—Continued.
—	1861.				1869.											
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
22, 108.			8,7	86.	9,683.		8,082.		68,966.		76, 448.		66,042.		25,865.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Ciises.	Deaths. 205	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	4,251	63	1,469	18	1,313	10	2,070	10	16,116	177	18,599		14,457	157	76, 351	791
41 42	1 9	1			1 4				5 77	3	8 152	8	8 135	7	27 467	22
			7				7									
43 44 45 46 47 48 49	3 10	3	1 1	1	5 2	4			3 17 3 15 3 19 200	1 2	33 35 13 7 66 215	1 1 3 4	5 20 30 15 6 35 107	2 1 3 2	21 99 71 70 19 132 882	15 3 6 11
																
																
	20 1 1 71	1	1 1 5 50	1	2											
																
					2 16											
							32									
50	91		17		32		21		139		202		126		769	
51 52	3 38	1							8 29	1	9 43	1	15 44	1	45 393	1 4
			14		3		1									
53 54 55 56 57									1 1		2 1 5 2 251		6 2 3 3 199		10 4 11 12 1,088	
																
			1				1									
									1 200							
	126		21		24		40									
58 59	7 26		1 12		2 11				18 49		33 53		5 38		92 223	
							9									
60	8		2		6		10		27		25		17		116	
61 62 63	22 9		4		9				19 5 9		48 3 31		14		122 25 44	
																
													4			
64 65 66 67									1 3 1 3				4 6 1 3	3	5 12 10 16	1 3 8
	1 3 2									2	2 1 4	1 1 2				
					1	1										
		2	2	1			1									
68 69	1 5								1 21		1 19				6 88	
			6		5		3						21			
70 71	7 o		1 5						2 8	2	8 8		7 12		34 48	2
					5		1									
72 73	3 187	1	13 49	1	1 48				10 296		23 239	1	9 157	1 2	69 1,449	3 7
							51									
74	32		33		16		4		67		89		59	1	333	1
75	805		458	1	461		265		966		533		476		4,919	1
76 77	2 34								3 15		7 14	1	4 8		21 92	1
			1		1		1									
78	2												2		5	1
79	9	1	5		5	1	6		47		26	1	38		146	3
80	60		5		13		13	1	194		141	1	112		597	2
81	134	9	95	22	87	3	145	14	459	22	272	16	152	9	1,456	109
82	24	1	5	2	6				30	3	80	1	33	1	239	
83	2								1		16		7		27 542 1,240	
84	15				1		8		98		169		209 353	2		
85	50		14		4		10		260		396					4 1
86	205		55		35		42		345	1	442		535	1	2,372	3
87	51		4		3		6		51		174		78		420	
	6,313	83	2,338	47	2,124	19	2,747	25	19,846	214	22,500	248	17,640	191	95,039	1,009
 
94
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XV—DEPARTMENT  OF TENNESSEE—Concluded.
YEAR............

MONTH...........


Mean Strength.
1861.
July.
LIST OF DISEASES.
               Brought forward......................

  ORDER VI.—-Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
 88. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
 89. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
 90. Fistula...........................................
 91. Haemorrhage from Stomach........................
 92. Piles.............................................
 93. Acute Inflammation of Liver......................
 94. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
 95. Hernia...........................................
 96. Jaundice.........................................
 97. Prolapsus Ani.....................................
 98. Inflammation of the Peritonaeum...................
 99. Inflammation of Spleen............................
100. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
101. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
 Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
102. Stone and Gravel..............:...................•
103. Inflammation of Bladder---
104. D iabetes...................
105. Incontinence of Urine......
106 Difficulty of Urination......
107. Inflammation of Kidneys ...
108. Hydrocele and Haematocele .
109. Sarcooele..................
110.
111.
Non-SyPhilitio Ulcer of Penis.
Other Diseases of this Order..
112.
113.
114.
115.
  Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
Anchylosis...................................
Exostosis..................-.................
White Swelling..............................
Necrosis.....................................
6.277.
Cases.
2,176
13
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
105.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
Abscess..........................................
Carbuncle........................................
Whitlow..........................................
Boil..............................................
Skin Diseases.....................................
Ulcers...........................................■
Other Diseases of this Order......................

LASS  V.—WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS,  AND
                INJURIES.
Burns...........................................
Concussion of Brain..............................
Compression of Braiu............................
Contusion........................................
Fracture.................... ....................
Dislocation......................................
Sprain...........................................
Incised Wounds..................................
Contused and Lacerated Wounds..................
Punctured Wounds...............................
Gunshot Wounds.................................
Poisoning........................................
Suicide..........................................
Others of this Class..............................
18
August.
6,103.
Cases.
3,091
137. Unclassified Diseases.
September.
8,323.
Cases.
4,494
 13
123
  1
  4
 43
  1
  2
162
October.
Novemder.
14,325.
15,238.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
6,618


    1
   12
    2
    1
   27
   52
   19
   17
  210
    4
73
10
21
32
15
Total..................................  2,484
 5
32
22
11
13    3,401
30
 3
 1
10
 1
 9
 1
 3
10
13
11
19
 5
5,033
31
10
 6
 9
 4
 6
 5

39
7,208
5,152


   16
    3
    1

   27
   35
    1
    7
  173
 7
15
61
23
 5
 16
 67
  7
167
  5
5,941
70 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
95
TABLE XV.—DEPARTMENT OF TENNESSEE—Concluded.
1861.							1869.									
DECEMBER.			January.		February.		March.		Apesl.		May.		June.		Total.	
22,108.			8,786.		9,683.		8,082.		68, 966.		76, 448.		66, 042.		25, 865.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	0,313	83	2,338	47	2,124	19	2,747	25	19,846	214	22,500	248	17, 640	191	95,039	1,000
88	5		3	1	1		1	1	29	3	312	2	69	1	239	9
89 90 91 92	10		1				13 1		42 7	1	162 8 3 239		90 3		349 22 8 671	1
																
	2 47															
			7		8		14		350				119			
93	34		8		1		15		04		87		93		606	
94 95							9 9		73 88	1	67 95		56 113	1	22C 378	3
	29		2		10											
96	185		49		16		9		305		474		333	6	1,804	8
97 98 99 100	3 2 21 74								11 14 8 339		24 13 10 101	1	12 1 20 67	1	54 31 110 572	3
			1 5 68	1												
					3 33											
							22	'								
101	10	1	19		1		3		137		119	1	72		023	3
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 no 111 112 113 114 115 116	4 1 1												2 8 4 5 24 19 3 1 3 10 4 3 2 6 135		6 30 18 11 06 126 65 9 17 45 15 7 6 21 357	
					1 1				5 5		14 6					
																
																
	o 13 48 2						1		8 14 6 3 3 8 1		11 47 4 1 5 5 3					
			6 3		3											
																
					2											
							2									
	4 5		2													
							1									
																
							2									
	2 18								2 49		9 68					
			6		3		4									
117 118 119	9 15 25		5 1 1		2 2				9 14 20		19 12 43		25 17 21		76 74 161	
																
							4									
120	34		30		35		7		67		110		91		500	
121	29		10		5		3		43		50		41		205	
122	2								6		7		22		66	
123	5		2		1		1		9		18		14	1	56	1
124 125 126									4	2	4 1 104	1 1	3 1 34	1 1	18 8 366	4 2 2
																
	44		2		3		o		60	1						
127	10		2		1		3		36		16	1	20		109	1
128	9				3		1		3		31		4		37	
129	15		14		8		4		11		13		17		120	
130	20		3		2		1		21		41		17		154	
131	14		4		23	3	5		437		118	5	36		737	>■
132	4		2		3		1		10	1	51	6	12		102	7'
133	21	1	9	4	290	63	10	2	3,395	524	281	45	43	6	4,238	653
134	2								10	1	12		18		55	1 3 13
135 136										1 6				1 1		
	13		7	2	18	1	5		282		107	3	51		545	
137	147	1			10	2	1	1	50	49	163	3	62	4	558	73
																
	7,253	86	2,610	55	2,615	88	2,901	29	25, 504	804	25, 368	317	19,466	215	109,784	1,804
 
96
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
            TABLE XVI.




Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		Novemuf.i?	
										
	1,401.		1,341.		1,293.		1,298.		1,363.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. ORDER I.—Miasmatic Diseases.										
	1	1	3	1	2	2	1 5	1		
										
									6 3 1	
	31 10		52 11		34 9		10 8 5			
										
										
										
	241		173		107		59 5 35 2	1 1	39 6 13 4	
										
	44 2		56		33					
										
			1							
										
										
										
			1		1					
										
19. Debility............................................	15		13		3		2		2	
										
Order H.—Enthetic Diseases. 21. Syphilis............................................	7 6		8 6							
										
					3					
										
										
										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.	3		6		18		2			
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	40 4		40 1		23		16		10 3	
										
					2					
										
										
			1		1					
									............."J	
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 38. Consumption........................................	3 2	1					2			
39. Scrofula............................................			2 1							
CLASS III. —PARASITIC DISEASES.										
Carried forward........................										
	409	2	375	' 1	236	2	152	3	87	
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
97
        TABLE XVI.



of the Department of the Gulf.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
1,965.			1, 302.		1,278.		8,870.		13, 323.		14, 557.		13,822.		5,151.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40													60 84 268 128 284 121 10 30 2,375 139 80 11 3	6 27 2 17 2 1	60 256 504 345 711 268 22 60 6,535 312 1,539 44 26 3 29	6 59 1 3 23 2 3 15 3 1
	1		5		13	2	30 22 61 47 32	7	37 38 55 58 16	6 1	79 171 95 184 55 7 13 1,906 101 386 5 3	12 1 3 2 2				
																
	7 4		1													
					1											
																
							5 281 16 91 6 5 1 18	2 1 1	12 1,314 34 744 7 14 2 11	1 10 1						
	17 7 22 4	1	12 3 28 2		11 1 7 1	1										
																
																
																
							27		165		60		21 14 330 9 33 49 17 1	1	275 23 881 49 119 142 81 4	1 1
			9 1													
					4		64 1 33 16 3		116 17 16 39 40 1		331 22 20 25 16	1				
																
			2 1 1 2													
																
	1															
																
																
																
									2		44 1 1		2 3 4		77 4 5	
																
																
																
	14 1		11 3		1 3		48 35		162 159 5 3		92 143 6 7	1 3	64 150 50 7	1	521 502 63 17	1 3 1
																
																
									2 27 15 1		2		2 11 68	6	8 41 115 8 2	11 1
							3 12 1	o								
										1 1	15 2 1	1				
																
																
																
	78	1	81"		42	3	858	13	3,112	21	3,793	26	4,428	63	13,651	135
		1	3													
 
98                  SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XVI.—DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF—Continued.
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	1,401.		1,341.		1,293.		1,298.		1,363.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	409	o	375	1	236	2	152	3	87	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	23		17		37		7		9	
										
	1									
										
										
										
										
	8 20		6 6		4 8		2 3		1 4	
										
										
52. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	1 1									
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.					3		4		2	
										
							1 1 3			
	4 6 12 12 2		2 3 2 4 3 1		6 2				1 o	
										
										
Order HI.—Diseases of Ear.					4 8					
							2 1		1	
										
										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										
										
										
										
	2				1					
										
71. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	1	1								
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.							1 2		1 o	
	20		10		8					
										
	11		16		37 1 1		10		30	
										
										
										
										
	2 1 2		3 2 9							
81. Inflammation of Lungs..............................					2 9				1 1	
							9			
Order VL—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 83. Abdominal Dropsy...................										
84. Cholera Morbus..................	4 25 66		4 23 53 5				1 8 4			
65. Colic............................					19 26				7 5	
										
										
										
Carried forward..................	633	3	544			2	211	3	154	
				1						
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30. 18G2.                    99
TABLE XVI.—DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF—Continued.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
1,965.			1,302.		1,278.		8,870.		13,323.		14,557.		13,822.		5,151.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Dealhs.
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87	78	1	81		42	3	858 1 28 1 1	13 2 1	3,132 1 39	21 1	3,793 1 28	26 1	4,428 4 110	63 4	13,651 7 305 1 14 43 12 2	135 8 1 1
	5		2													
																
									4 3 2 1		3 6 5		5 34 2			
																
							3									
					1	1										
																
	1 1						12 20 1 2 1		37 60 3 16 1		42 72		29 46 1 13		142 241 5 40 15	
			1													
																
											8 2					
					1											
																
			2		1				3 3 19 16 4 10 8 1		1 9 27				8 39 108 36 32 38 20 4 7 1 7 2 o 1 67 20 21 25 328 178 802 5 36	
													13 26			
					3 1		17 2									
	3															
											8 3 8 2					2 i 1 1 2
													9 2 1 7			
																
																
																
											1 2					
			2				1 2		1	1		1	1			
																
													2	1		
									1 28 4 14 10 103 43 261 2 13							
											25 7 4 8 67 53 190 2 9		11 5 1 3 43 65 168			
							4 1 1 70 16 116									
																
			1													
	3 1 20															
																
			1		2											
							6						7	2		
																
							45 4 34 7	1 2	5 28 23 1	3 1	4 14 13 41	4	6 10 13 15	3 11	60 61 98 97	8 18
																
	1 1		4 2	1	4											
																
									40 181 209 27	27	55 69 137 21		44 62 191 34	1	148 400 730 89	1
	4 2 1		1 1				7 36 1									
																
																
																
	121	1	98	1	55	4	1,298	19	4,337		4,740	32	5,411	85	18,014	178
 
100
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XVI.—DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF—Concluded.
					1861.					
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	1,401.		1,341.		1,293.		1,298.		1,363.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 544 6	Deaths. 1	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 3	Cases.	Deaths.
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.	633 6 6	3			412 11 6	2	211		154 .	
							2			
										
										
	9		7		3		3		3	
										
										
	3									
								. _	1	
										
										
										
	9 4		7 16		8 6		2 7		4 8	
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
							1			
										
										
									1	
	1									
										
										
					1					
										
Order Vin.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
										
										
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	2									
			2 3 18 6							
	5 18 2 7 8 4				1 23 5					
							8		2	
										
							1		1	
			4 4		6					
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES.										
										
										
	23		16 1		15 1		4		5	
										
										
	2 2 19						1 1 2 1 40		1 2 14	3
			2 7							
					4					
										
	1							10	2	........
										
										
									5 10	5 1
	63		18		4		8			
										
Total..................................	827	3	661	1	506	2	292	13	213	8
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 1862.
101
TABLE XVI.—DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF—Concluded.
1861.			1809.													
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
	1,965.		1,302.		1,278.		8,870.		13,323.		14,557.		13,822.		5,151.	
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 123 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137	Cases. 121	Deaths.	Cases. 98	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
		1		1	55	4	1,298	19	4,337 3 9 1 5 43 24 5 34 12 1	27	4,740 7 15 4 1 33 14 8 33 18 2 1	32	5,411 17 11	85 1	38,014 50 54 9 9 107 104 32 114 100 5 3	178 1 1
							5 3 2 4 8 1 17 3 2 1	1								
	1															
													1 59 58 18 24 66			
	3															
																
																
			2		1											
																
																
	1															
																
	9 8		13		3		39 19 2		82 37 1 3		44 20		29. 46		249 171 3 9 4 25 39 32 7 13 5 17 2 1 1 7 131 19 18 149 30 78 30 16 6	
																
											4 2 3 12 6 2 9 1 12		1			
							2 2									
													20 18 13			
	1		1 1						6 8 4 2 1 3 2 1 1 3 36 6 1 24 15 21							
							3 1 1 2 1									
																
													1			
																
													1			
																
																
																
											3 41 6 3 15 1 25		1 40 2 4 34			
	1		1				10 1									
																
	1 5 1															
							2									
																
			1				11 6 1						11 6 1			
																
									.6 1							
											5					
																
	3						4 3		16 3		8 5		23 1		117 14 3 32 72 72 9 87 6	4 39 1 5 9
																
	2		1													
							o		7 11 9 1 3		5 22 4 2 13 4	2	14 28 4 3 25 2	6 1		
	1 6	1	2 1		1											
							2 2 2	1								
																
			1													
																
																
							5		1 ■ 6	4	6 29				17 157	
	9				1								9	5		
																
	173	2	122	1	61	4	1,467	21	4,797	31	5,188	34	6,002	98	20, 309	218
 
102
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
            TABLE XVII.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
MONTH										
	1,090.		983.		934.		696.		679.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases. Deaths.	
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order L—Miasmatic Diseases.	1 1									
										
									1 . 2 .	
	2 1 4		3 2 1	1	1 2		1 1 2			
										
										
										
										
	36		52 10 9 1		21 2 2		17 1 6		12 1 1	
										
	11									
										
										
										
										
							2		1	
										
										
	1 1				1 2				1 1	
							1 1 3 1			
Order U.—Enthctic Diseases.			2 4 2							
	4				2					
										
										
										
										
Order TIL—Dietic Diseases.										
					1 4					
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order L—Diathetic Diseases.	9		6						1	
										
	4		3		8 1		2 3		3 g	.....
										
										
										
										
										
									1	
Order IL—Tubercular Diseases.	1									
										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES.										
									1	
	76		93	1	47		41		27	
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 18C2.
103
TABLE XVIL
of the Department of the Northwest.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		MAY.		June.		TOTAL.	
895.			1,934.		2,023.		2, 014.		1,618.		965.		1, 046.		1,240.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40											3		1		5 8 1 276 321 135 24 5 472 125 63 4 18	1 1 1 o 1
			2		1		4	1								
																
			10		11		21 2 7		211 303 83 11 5 208 105 1 2 10	1 1	9 4 10 4		7 4 4 9	1		
	2 2															
			8		14											
																
	4		9 1 1	:::::::	6 o 1		79 1 1				6 1 1		22 1 23 1			
	6															
	2		1		4		1	1								
																
			27		25		33		52	1					137 3 4 36 54 55 29 30 7	1
																
			1 15		1 20 17 12 I 2 2		1 1 27 27		1							
																
									2		3 1 1 3		2			
			10 3 4 1													
									19 1 1				2 3			
	2						2									
																
																
																
													1		1 3 28	1
					2	1										
	1								2		3		2			
																
	8 4		3 9		19 4		7 1		13 9		9 1	1	4 6		83 40	1
																
																
																
	1		7						1 1						10 4 5 2	
					1		1 5									
																
					o											
																
	32		112		147	1	221	2	1,041	3	59	1	92	1	1,988	9
 
104
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XVH.—DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST—Continued.
					1861					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
	1,090.		983.		934.		696.		679.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.
	76		93	1	47		41		27	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	1		4						1	
										
							2 t			
										
										
										
										
	3 3		4 5		2 1		4			
50. Toothache..........................................									2	
										
									1	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
										
										
57. Ophthalmia.........................................	10 1 1 1		10		5 1		2		3	
										
Order in.—Diseases of Ear.			1 2							
					1		1			
										
										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
71. Other Diseases of this Order.........................									1	
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.	1 2						1			
										
										
	13		15		11		18	.......	30	
										
										
										
									1	
			2				2 3			
					1				2	
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 83. Abdominal Dropsy..............										
84. Cholera Morbus.............	3 6 9 4		7 3 30 8		22		1			
										
					4 2		4 1		3 1	---"
										
										
Carried forward..........	134		184	1	97		80-		72	
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.                    105
TABLE XVII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST—Continued.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
895.			1,934.		2,023.		2,014.		1,618.		965.		1,046.		1,240.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
41 42 43 44 45 40 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 60 67 68 09 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 80 87	32		112 1 2	1	147	1	221	2	1,041	3	59	1	92	1	1,988 1 15	9 1
	2				2		2						1			
																
					2				1						5	
																
			1												1 1	i
									1	1						
							1 2								1 ........	
	1		1 1		3				6 2		1 1		1 1		28 10	
																
			4										1		6	
																
																
					3 10 10		1 5 9 3 2 1								4 15 69 6 16 22	
																
			1						7		7		5 1			
																
			10		1 8				1 3							
	3										2					
																
																
																
																
																
													1 1		3 2	
											1					
																
																
																
					1										2 2 38 48 579	
																
	5 11 34		2 7 69		3 4 66		12		11 26 189		1		2			
							07				39		28			
					1										1	
																
					3 1 13 1				1 53 31 2				3		8 67 100 11 1 39 16 117 40	6 1
	1 2 3		3 10	1			3 27 5	3			2 31					
												2				
																
			1													
	1	1									1		5 2 4 1			
					3 20 5		1 10 6									
			25 2						1 6		7 3					
	1															
	96	1	252	2	307	1	378	5	1,382	4	135	3	149	1	3,266	18
14 
106
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XVII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST—Concluded.
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	1,090.		983.		934.		696.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	134		184	1	97		80		72	
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	4		3				6		5	
										
										
92. Piles...............................................	2 1 1									
										
										
					1					
										
										
							1			
										
	5 2				2		2		5	
101. Other Diseases of this Order.........................			3							
Oudhr VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
			1							
										
										
106 Difficulty of Urination...............................							1			
			1							
										
										
110. Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis........................										
			1							
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
114. White Swelling-.....................................										
										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	2		2		4		2		2	
										
118. Whitlow.......................................	1 2 2 2		1 1 5		1 2 1 2				1 5 1 1 1	
119. Boil.........................................										
							4			
										
121. Ulcers..............................................										
							2			
122. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. 123. Burns..............................................					1		1			
	1	1								
										
	12 1	........ 7 ........			6 1		9		7	
127. Fracture...........................................										
128. Dislocation.........................................		1								
129. Sprain.............................................. 130. Incised Wounds.....................................	3		4 7 2 1		6 1 9		1 1		2	
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds.....................	6 1 1								6	
132. Punctured Wounds.................				!			1			
133. Gunshot Wounds......					2					
			1							
135. Suicide...............				1						
136. Others of this Class.......	1 i 1 i					1			1 3	
137. Unclassified Diseases......	6	........ 3 '........ 6					4			
Total...............										
							115		112	
-				*		1				
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.                    107
TABLE XVII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST—Concluded.
1861.			1869.													
DECEMBER.			January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
895.			1,934.		2,023.		2,014.		1,618.		965.		1,046.		1,240.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137	96	1	252 1 10	o	307 1 3	1	378	5	1,382	4	135	3	149	1	3,266 2 39 1	18
	2 1						2		1		1		2			
																
					3 1 1						2				7 5 3 5 3	
	3 1															
																
			2						1				1			
	2						1									
																
															1	
																
	3		15 12		9 2		6 5		5 4		3		2		57 28	
																
			2		3		1								7	
																
																
															1 2 1	
					1											
									1							
																
																
															3	
																
																
																
																
	8		3		3				3		3		3		35	
																
			1 5 3				1 1 1				1				7 22 38 13 13 7 1	1
					2 4											
	4 1								10 1 4		5 4 1		2			
			4 1				1						2			
	3				1											
																
																
	3 1		7		3		3 1 1 4		4		2		1 1 1 3 1 2		64 5 4 39 13 32 3 3 1	
					1 5						1 3 1 1					
	3 1		4						1 1 4							
			2		4		3									
																
																
																
																
	3 1				6 1								1 1		16 26	1
							1									
																
	136	1	324	2	361	1	410	5	3,422	4	363	3	172	1	3,771	20
 
108
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE XVIII.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		L September.		October.		November.	
1										
	4, 425.		5,426.		6,078.		24,513.		30,398.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths. i		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.			2 10 17 373 435 42 8 20 770 5 142 4 3 2 14		19 77 59 336 605 65 8 18 543 22 84	5 4 4 1 1 2 1	2 135 85 353 1,005 763 106 17 1,083 360 364 43 7	1 11 2 1 2 1 5 4	5 152 115 426 603 510 110 11 1,428 247 249 90 21 1 1,109 1 51 212 69 10 47 112 12	1 31 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 18 1
2. Typhoid Fever....................................	10 7 91 253 22									
										
										
										
										
										
	7 349 2 153									
										
										
										
										
	1				4 1 37					
										
	11						355 2 20 110 77 8 49 93 13	9 1		
										
	5 19 17 12 5 31 5		6		3					
										
19. Debility......................................			19 6 10 42 4 1		17 13 18 36					
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 21. Syphilis......................................										
										
										
										
					1					
										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.	11 3 2				1 1 7		1 1 3			
									6 3 3 100 86 8 8	1
			2 2 23 18	1						
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	49 6				37 20		81 37 7 3			
										
										
	1									
										
									1 8 12 2 2	3
37. Other Diseases of this Order...................							3 4	3		
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 38. Consumption..................	1 3 4		5 3		1					
39. Scrofula...............										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES.							1			
Carried forward.........										
	1,080		1,988	1	2,033	18	5,191	40	5,830	08
										
 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
109
       TABLE XVIII.



of the Department of Missouri.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
31,104.			32,936.		25, 313.		27,139.		16,503.		15, 248.		15,642.		19,560.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40	o 212 150 435 603 299 38 14 1,266 259 205 56 77 28 1,305	24 1 1 4 4 6 1 3 1 1 21	3 185 61 387 451 416 59 18 1,756 342 181 28 63 49 776 2 471 993 163 131 73 187 49 4	3 20 1 1 6 2 7 1 2 7 20 1 3	1 140 44 333 313 2G8 22 11 811 49 154 19 26 53 185	9 15 1 3 1 2 2 4 5	24 143 10 247 383 353 24 13 999 164 230 11 24 45 70 1 354 60 108 22 25 48 5 1	6 19 4 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 1	12 112 51 154 282 57 103 9 101 34 39 6 26 11 91	2 8 1 2 3 1 1 2 2 1	6 90 58 155 387 77 8 7 287 28 39 3 18 1 21 1 62 9 68 1 18 26 12 1	1 22 1 3 3 1 1	3 25 27 389 167 119 4 10 336 20 154 20 25 1 31	1 9 1 1 3 1 1 1	79 1,291 684 3,679 5,487 2,991 490 155 9,729 1,532 1,994 280 295 192 4,005 7 1,671 1,848 871 1,224 321 761 204 7 2	29 163 9 12 5 7 25 14 28 11 10 9 15 77 2 3 2 1
	168 315 96 6 31 ' 95 22	1			343 123 138 1,006 22 54 21				140 7 60 3 9 16 51				48			
													39 6 14 21 10			
									1							
																
	2 4 5 1 238 74 20 14						1 5 8	2	6 4 2		1 4 2	1	8 6	1	31 43 51 7 1,285 744 54 64 2 3 49 125 42 145	7 3 3 1 1 1 1 22 2
		2 1	4 13 1 263 191 3 14 1	1 1	5 4											
																
				1 1	132 95 6 3	1 1	172 77 6 5	1	81 67 4 4		61 24		48 49			
											6		6 1			
	1 4 13 7 8						1 16 14 1 40									
		3	10 29 5 40	1 3	1 9 5 49	2		4	1 13 1	2	2 14 5	1	4 10 30 I	2 1		
																
	6,073	74	7,422	82	4,445	i 46 j 3,710		53	1,558	25	1,502	34	1,612 ----1----	22	42,444	463
 
110
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XVIII.—DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI—Continued.
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
	4,425.		5,426.		6,078.		24,513.		30,398.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,080		1,988 4 11	1 2	2,033	18	5,191 1 7	40	5,830	68
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	1				10				6 1 4	1
										
			3 3 1		5 3 1		5 1 2 1 3 32 58 2 1 2			
	18									
								1	3	
										
									3 57 76 6 1 3	
			12 3		12 6 1 6					
	8									
										
			4							
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
							2		2	
										
	36 1		54		33		112 32 2 9 2 1 1		187 4 4 27 32 1	
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.			2 6 1		5					
	1 1									
					1					
										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										
									1 1 1 3 32 1 6 231 40 597	
										
										
	2 3		1		1 1 1		2			
										
							1 11 86 21 200 2 3			
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
	10		14 4 40		29 3 35	1				
										
	16									
										
	1		2		3				5 1 26 18 162 9	19
										
	18 3 5	1	6 9 8 1	1	6 9 23 4	1 1	1 20 39 6 1 30 77 175 29	2		
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.										
	8 10 95 7		16 12 120 4		15 16 60 4				20 96 294 18	
65. Colic.............................										
										
										
Carried forward........................										
	1,324	1	2,329	4	2,324	21	6,171	43	7,789	88
										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE  30, 1862.
Ill
TABLE XVIIL—DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI—Continued.
1861.									1869.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
31,104.			32, 936.		25,313.		27,139.		16,503.		15,248.		15, 642.		19, 560.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87	6,073 3 4 1 9	74 3 1	7,422 2 24 1 11	82 3 1	4,445 2 20 1 6 1 2 3	46 o 1 1	3,710 2 21 2 7 3	53 2 1	1,558 1 1 8 10 2 1	25 1 3 3	1,502	34	1,612 1 4 1 3	22 1	42,444 16 111 . 15 64 30 15. 7 10 457 399 28 77 14 3 17	463 12 8 4 1 3 1 1
											2					
											1 1					
	3		2	1												
						1	3	1								
	1 81 89 4 3 1 1 3		3 113 55 6 47 2													
				1	34 29 5 2 2	1	54 28 3		27 4 1 1 1		15 23		20 20			
											2 2 1		10 1			
																
							1 1									
			6						3							
																
	167 2 9 42 32 1 1		190 8 22 46 45		82 3 13 11 23 1 3		73 11 9 10 p.		69 7 9 4 4		66 1 6 2 4		82 4 3 4 7		1,151 73 84 162 161 4 11	
			5				1									
																
			2				2								4 3 9 17 33 29 38 58 2, 015 186 5,569 19 37 2 203 388 2,360 142 8 148 480 1,692 192	1 4 1 2 2 . 2 1 1 3 2 240 17 |
									1	1			1 1			
	1 2 5 2 6 9 552	1	1 3 8 3 .10 17 581 43 1,579 7 8 1 60 74 696 42 1 4 59 225 33	1 1 1	1	1	4 1 1	3								
											10 2					
					2 3 3 3 182 5 768				5 5 4 1 65 30 163				1			
						1	9 3 190 10 928 1 4	1		1	1 2 43 9 130 1 2		2 6 32 21 64 1 1			
	1,049 7 4															
					3	1			1							
	22 60 353 18 1 18 90 232 34	43		89 5	37 72 381 23 1 15 22 31 11	1 1 29	24 46 407 30 1 3 37 120 9	1 31 7	2 46 150 3 3	15 2	1 16 84 1					
												1 8	15 54 5	4		
											2 21 108 16		17 21 91 12	1		, |
									19 141 15							1
	8,995	122	11,467	183	6,251	86	5,776	100	2,365	51	2,077	43	2,117	28	58,985 1 770	
 
112
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XVIH.—DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI—Concluded.
1					1801.					
1										
1	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	4, 425.		5,426.		6, 078.		24,	513.	30,398.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,324	1	2,329 2 11 1	4 1	2,324	21	6,171 75 50	43	7,789 77 41 1 1 23 20 12 28 92 2 3 2 84 41	88 1 1 1
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	18				5					
										
										
92. Piles................................................	6 14 2 6		5 5 5 13 4		12 9 2 8 1		29 14 29 19 3.2 1 1 4 58 40	3		
										
										
										
										
										
			1 3 7 30							
					1 15 75					
	2									
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
									1 1	
					4 6 3					
106. Difficulty of Urination...............................	4		3 1				7			
									9 1	
										
										
					1				2 2	
										
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.							1 1			
									4	
										
										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	20 1 3 10 8 17 1 3		23		26		52 2 13 18 24 , 45 2 6 2	1	44 5 9 17 44 20 2 18 2	
										
118. Whitlow............................................			2 32 18 23							
119. Boil..............................................					25 6 22					
										
121. Ulcers.........................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. 123. Burns...........................................					2					
										
										
	22 2 1 14 9 7 1 20 3		11 2	......	36 4 1 8 9	1 2	66 15 14 9 17 17 3 27 1	2 1 1	86 19 6 42 23 31 8 165 1	"I 1 4 2
127. Fracture..........................................										
										
129. Sprain...........................................			7							
										
		4	4 1 175							
				i T !						
				40 34 !...... 1 1						
										
135. Suicide.......................						1				
136. Others of this Class.............	6 3		16 13				1 6		9 12	
137. Unclassified Diseases........				........1 17 !....... !						
TotaL...................					4U 2,685 j	3				
	1,529	5	2,747	47		28	6,852	51	8,808	113
										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING  JUNE 30, 1862.
113
TABLE XVIIL—DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI—Concluded.
	1861.		18(>9.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
31,104.			32,936.		25,313.		27,139.		16, 503.		15, 248.		15,642.		19, 560.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	, Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	| Cases.	Deaths.
	8,995	122	11,467	183	6,251	86	5,776	100	2,365	51	2,077	43	2,117	28	58, 985	770
88	59	5	17	1	6	1	33		7		o		4	1	282	9
89	58		22		8		13		11		4		7		248	
90 91 92	4		1 3 77				2 8 15		1				1		11 13 283	
					1 24											
	49								19		10		11			
93	47	2	12		7		29		17		29		13		222	2
94	15		20		8		57		11		2		4		167	
95	40		42		18		17		17		15		18		241	
96	81		235		65		87		49		21		24		671	1
97 98 99	5		3 2 12	2	2		2						9 1 1		24 72 45	5
									2 3	2	62 8					
	8				2		1									
100	304		170		102		54		49		14		13		872	
101 102 103 104 105 106	80 2 4	4	82 2 3 2 1 2		19		8						7 1		384 6 12 4 7 44	8
									1 1							
					2		2									
											1					
	1 11															
					3		1		4		2		1			
107	5		14		1		7	1	6		4		7		55	1
108 109 110 111	2 2 2 2		3		3 1 2 2		2					........			11 7 7 19	
									4				........			
																
			3				2		2		2		4			
312 113 114 115 116	1 5 1 2 48		1		1				4		3				11 11 2 9 357	
													1			
			1 5 42													
							1 20		1 28							
					23						16		15			
117	2		4		3		2		2		2		o		25	
118 119 120	5 18 93		10 31 45		6 8 10		2 7 9				2 3 117		2 5 108		54 174 493	
																
									11							
121	49		43		28		25		10		12		13		307	
122	3		18		6		3		2		2		1		40	
123 124 125 126	10 2		8		9		6						2		64 7 2 446	1
											1					
			2 66													
	69				23		32		14		25		16			
127	11		13		11		9		13		14		5	1 |	118	4
128	o		3		23		15		4		5		12		86	
129 130	9 22		17 13		28 14		12 6		9 5				2 6	157 ........ 135		
											11					
131	52	2	19		20		25	3	3		11	1	3	........ 202		9
132	3		15		2		1		4		6		3	........:| 48		
133	48	5	29	2	4	1	59	14	59	3	26	5	27	2 j! • 073		91
134 135 136	2	1 .......			I				1		o			!|		2 4 12
								1 1				1				
	30 5		24	2	28		22		1		7		5	l	100	
137	13 4		253 12,857	3	35	5	14	1	6	4	3 1	.......	2	32 i	400	24
	10,276	150 i		193	6,810	93	6,386	121	2,746	60	2,521 1	50	2,473 1		G6,690	943
15 
114
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE  TROOPS
         TABLE XIX.



Abstract of the  Mortality in  the
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	561.		1,638.		1,621.		3,213.		3,761.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.						1 33		1 110 3 8 3 2		
		2		20						149 3 16 2 7
										
		1		2 1		2				
										
										
										
				2	*	1 3 1 6 5				4 6 22 17 6 8 2 30
								3 4 6 7		
				1 1 7						
		1								
										
										
		1 2						1 11		
				1						
										
										
										
						2		3		5
										
Order U.—Enthetic Diseases.										
										
										
										
										
										
ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases.										
		1				1		2		3
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
								1		
										
										
						1		.		
										'
										
								1 3		
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 38. Consumption.......................................				1		4				14
39. Scrofula................................										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES.										
Carried forward.............										
		8		36		60		169		294
										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
115
            TABLE XIX.



General Hospitals of the Central Region.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
4,262.			6, 352.		7,229.		6, 790.		7,833.		9, 558.		10, 344.		5,263.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40		1 88 3 4				2 130 4 8 1 1		13 195 1 18 1 1		6 258 20 10 1 2		2 448 12 15 4 4		24 273 29 23 5 2		50 1,793 81 117 18 21
				87 6 10												
																
																
																
		2														
																
		2 10 12 30 4 13 13 38		4 4 12 17 6 6 20 53		4 5 14 15 5 4 24 19		9 17 13 19 9 6 25 14		6 13 33 7 7 12 23 5		6 23 98 21 12 6 19 6		3 31 128 10 9 4 10 2		41 115 338 150 77 59 138 181
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
				1		3		1		1		1				7
																
		LO		8 1		9 1 1		15 1		13		10 4 2		19 3 1		94 10 4
																
																
																
																
																
															•	
																
										1						1 18 3
		3 1		2		1		1 2				2		2		
																
																
						1		2 1				3 1		3 6 2 9		10 9 2 20 1
				1												
																
				1		2		3		1 1		3				
																
															1	
						I 29		1 42 1								3 225 2
		13		15						27 1		46		31		
																
																
																
		247	i........	254		284		411		448		748		629		3,588
															1..........	
 
H(j                  SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XLX.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	561.		1,638.		1,621.		3,213.		3,761.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths. 294
		8		36		60 1		169		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
										
						1				
										
										
										
								1		1
										
										
										
										
				1				1		
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
										
										
										
										
ORDER III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
										
										
										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
						1				
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.			*							1
										
										
										
										
								1		
78. Dropsy of Chest....................................										
										
										
		1				6		7		30 2
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 83. Abdominal Dropsy......										
84. Cholera Morbus..........				1						2
Carried forward.......										330
		9		38		69				
------------------------_____							"	179		
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1862.                     117
TABLE XIX.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		MARCn.		April.		, May.		June.		Total.	
4,262.			6,352.		7,229.		6,790.		7,833.		9,558.		10,344.		5,263.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87		247		254 1		284 4		411 1		448 2		748		629 1		3,588 10
																
																
				2 1		3		2 1		3		4 1				15 4
														1		
																
				1 2				1 4						1 3		3 21
		2				2				4		2				
																
										1						1
																
								1 2		2 3		1 1		4 1		8 15
		2		3		1										
																
																
																
																
		1														1
																
																
																
																
																
								1								1 1 7
										I 2						
		1		1				1				1		1		
																
						2		2				1		1		6 1
										1						
																
														1 1		1 11 1 37 11 2 2 5
				1				4		2		2				
																
		7		6		6 2		10 3		5 3		2 2		1 1 1		
																
		1 1														
												1				
				1		2								1		
																
				,								1 2 95 33 1				1 35 977 89 6 12 4 2
		1 73 4		1 215 2		9 193 1 1		14 208 15		7 105 15 1 7				1 44 17 3 3 1		
																
																
																
																
												2 1				
								1								
																
																4,678
		340		491		510		682		612		901		717	!	
															1	
 
118
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XIX.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION—Concluded.
					1801.					1
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		N'OVEMIII'.I!.	
										
	561.		1,638.		1, 621.		3,213.		3,761.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Doaths.
		9		38		09 2		379 o 1		330
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.										
										
										
								1		
										1
								1 1		
										1
										
nr t a-										
										
										0 1
										
										
										2
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
										
										
										
								1		
										
										
										
										
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.					i					
										
										
										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES.										
										
~ ' -011' . f R ..								1		
										
						1				
							-			
				1						
										
										'
										
		2		3		2		8		26
										
										
										1 3
		1			1			1		
Total.................................			I							
		12		42 j				196		367
1						1				
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.                    119
TABLE XIX.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION—Concluded.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March. '		April.		May.		JUNE.		Total.	
4,262.			6,352.		7,229.		6,790.		7,833.		9,558.		10, 344.		5,203.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Casps.	Deaths.
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 108 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 120 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137		340 1 1		491 3 2		510 5 2		682 1 1		612		901 2 3		717 5 1		4,878 21 11
																
																
																
												1				2 1 10 9 1 15
																
						3				4		1 1		3 1 1 3		
		1		2				2								
																
				2				2		4		4				
																
		1								5 1		3				9 2 3 8
																
						2		1								
				1						1				4		
																
																
														1		1
																
																
		1		1												3
																
																
																
						1				1						2
																
																
														1		1
																
		1		2				1		1				1		6
																
																
																
																
		1												1		2
																
																
									»			1				3 5 1 18
						2		1						1		
												1 3				
		2								11				1		
																
												1 1 1 3 264				2 6 13 4 943 1 1 12 32
						1		1 1		1 9				2		
				2												
														1 57		
		10		3		44		102 1		422						
																
										1 5 2						
				1 5		2 3						3 3				
								2						12		
																
		359		515		573		798		1,080	.......	1,195		813		6,024
 
120
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
            TABLE  XX.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
	1861.									
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVE	MBER. 397. Deaths.
Mean Strength, (not including Table XIX).......										
	29,	332.	24,230.		41,	675.	81,	387.	95,	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	4 50 29 397 798 317 11 15 2,229 23 657 5 23	2 10 1 1 4 1 1 2	5 64 66 765 1,142 357 93 31 2,760 111 586 41 10 2 205 1 49	1 29 3 1 2 1 7 7 2	32 361 168 1,098 1,633 565 122 51 3,030 249 836 66 19 2 ' 538 1 61 62 357 260 76 137 19 4 1	10 61 4 6 1 8 6 1 10 6 5 3	47 942 496 1,498 3,098 1,898 309 23 4,957 869 1,683 136 264 42 1,186 4 104 370 318 314 176 286 37 1	2 188 4 15 4 2 5 9 12 28 11 3 30 4	38 1,224 408 1,773 2,418 1,304 224 35 4,921 535 1,170 171 72 5 2,550 2 207 326 381 161 201 294 43 5	6 264 7 23 2
2. Typhoid Fever......................................										
										
										
										
										
										]
										8 10 25 28 9 10 3 54 6
										
										
										
										
										
										
	357									
										
	61 19 126 23 54 128 26 3									
										
19. Debility.........................................			199 41 62 96 29 2							
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 21. Svphilis............................................										
										
23. Orchitis..........................................										
										
25. Serpent Bite........................................										
										
Order in.—Dietic Diseases.	31 8 13	1	14 1 19 2 169 119 7 3	1	29 5 11	1	39 13 4 1 557 331 17 10			
								2 1	34 24 8 601 330 30 17	3 2
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	•202 45 7 6				347 194 16 7	1				
										
										
										
										
			2 3 12 6 4	1	1 61 45 9 3	4	5 12 41 3 20	1 8	3 39 69 15 15	22
	2 17 12 4	1								
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 38. Consumption..................										
39. Scrofula.................										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES.										
Carried forward......										
	5,702	24	7,080	55	10,476	127	19,891	327	19,653	490
--------------------------------										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
121
     TABLE XX.



of the  Central Region.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
110, 864.			94,644.		82,077.		91,544.		181,920.		189,171.		175,903.		99,845.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	25	6	27	8	17	13	24	19	78	11	52	11	70	33	419	122
2	1,063	229	958	177	566	212	524	271	1,171	426	1,586	701	1,041	439	9,550	3,007
3	416	3	208	7	141	4	157	1	652	29	906	20	865	35	4,512	114
4	1,475	22	1,068	12	820	10	872	23	2,295	18	2,975	26	3,144	37	18,180	196
5	2,079		1,011	1	799	2	982	2	2,796	4	2,892	6	2,544	8	22,192	31
6	1,140	3	939	1	530	1	665	4	1,575	2	1,984	4	1,757	3	13, 031	28
7	111		94		56		71		354		165	1	308		1,918	1
8	72	14	28	12	24	12	33	15	129	37	186	35	160	37	787	186
9	5,168	20	5,642	6	3,557	7	4,834	26	14,938	31	14,375	39	12, 671	46	79, 082	200
10	755	22	621	21	271	18	622	16	2,445	62	2,657	122	2,023	153	11,181	453
11	1,035	36	669	18	647	16	990	22	2,709	27	2,429	33	1,545	19	14,958	248
12	148	9	79	8	67	6	132	11	175	8	263	14	168	15	1,451	104
13	146	17	112	6	65	7	71	10	196	16	173	8	151	6	1,302	81
14	38	17	71	28	78	30	51	28	100	33	44	22	31	10	464	173
15	2,778	76	3,741	99	642	39	745	57	561	19	216	9	68	3	11,587	395
16 17			14 1,216	1 1			7 926	1 1	3 1,638	1 1	6 815	1	2 433		40 7,001	3 7
	689				802	3										
18	790		1,812	3	372		282		342		187		110		4,672	3
19	521	10	463	8	378	9	483	15	1,147	21	1,482	12	1,548	28	7,401	116
20	61	2	211	2	1,126	2	129	2	274	3	402	6	280	7	3,082	24
21	166	1	207		115	1	328		192	1	173	3	170	3	1,720	9
22	375		660		183		203		299		351		290		3,302	
23	67		142		85		76		222		132		106		984	
24	5		10		3		1		13		9		6		60	
25 26 27	1								1		1		7	1	11	1
																
	11		6		7		7		45	2	127		78	1	374	3
28	16	6	17	4	15	2	11	5	24	3	20	4	18	3	182	34
29	18	1	14	2	24		22	2	14		30		25		218	8
30 31	3 802	2	3 791				7 578	6	7 1,342		15 1,105	5	5 822	3	51 7,835	20
				1	519	2										
32	510		514	1	345		317	1	1,001	1	944	4	884	6	5,534	13
33	36	2	21		39		48		126		124		182	3	653	5
34	22		25	1	19	3	33	3	72	1	126	5	167	9	507	23
35 36	1 11		1 6	1					11 10	1	2 17		1 16		16 82	2
					6		5									
37	35		25	1	21	1	27	1	77		29		71		402	4
38	51	20	78	24	69	37	79	57	137	42	139	56	107	45	904	317
39	26	2	20		18		15	1	27	2	32	1	25	1	208	7
40	17		56		108		44		97		26		16		410	
	20,683	520	19, 580	454	12, 532	437	14,199	600	37,295	802	37,197	1,148	31,975	954	236,263	5,938
16 
122
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XX.—CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
					1H	01.				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November. 95,397.	
Mean Strength, (not including Table XIX).......										
	29,332.		24,230.		41,	375.	81,387.			
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 490 1 4 1
	5,702	24	7,080 4 75	55 2	10,476 1 131 1 19 6 4	127 1 2	19,891 6 112 3 25 1 5 2 21 175 220 13 38 6	327 2 2	19,653 1 68 5 22	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	84									
										
	6 25 21		7 6 2							
										
								1 3 3	8 16 208 241 12 41 7	1 1
										
	1 87 132 2 15 2		1 76 33							
					100 76 4 25 a					
50. Toothache...........,..............................										
										
			18 1	1						
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
				........						
	1 5 142 26 29 18 12 2		1 2 133 5 10 16 5 5 1				4 3 292 52 32 23 10 6 4 1 2 3 4 4 8 18 4 33 389 87 1,702 6 21		4 4 393 39 27 43 41 6 5 1	
				«	6 137 16 16 18 10 7					
										
										
ORDER III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
										
										
										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.					1 2 1					
			1							
	4							1 1 1	5 3 1 21 22 17 24 919 99 3,117 10 22 2 68 81 488 74 1 57 232 794 121	1 1 1 1 1 1 75 3 o 1 1
										
					2 14 25 7 13 362 25 912 5 25	1 1				
	6 10 2 1 169 4 213 4 12	1	6 5 3 1 91 35 314 3 5							
										
										
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
	21 35 44 22	1 2	13 40 35 23	2 2	13 42 92 47 2 72 128 447 76	9 2	51 71 162 34 3 89 266 628 120	2 14 3 2 1		
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 671. Abdominal Dropsy..................................										
	49 125 429 47		63 80 437 48	1						
85. Colic...............................										
										
										
										
	7,509	28	8,684	63	13,170	143	24,850	363	27,023	586
										
 
DURING  THE  YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 1862.
123
TABLE XX.—CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
1861.
1869.
	December.		Jan 17	ARY.	February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
110, 864.			94, 644,		82, (	77.	91,544.		181,	920.	189,	171.	175, 903.		99,845.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	20,683	520	39,580	454	12, 532	437	14,199	600	37,295	802	37,197	1,148	31,975	954	236,263	5,938
41	5	5	7	6	8	10	4	6	11	8	10	10	18	17	75	68
42	130		88		57		132		268		395		451		2,011	
43	8	5	3	5	9	10	6	5	14	10	3	5	6	2	58	50
44	35	1	33	1	23	1	20	2	48	4	54	0	48	3	340	19
45					1		6	1	14		50	3	91	5	206	9
46	23		9	2	6		9	2	34		35	1	22	1	178	7
47	3	4	3	4	7	5	6	7	8	9	14	9	9	6	52	48
48	12		30		6		10		27		69		48		241	
49	341		274		139		222		515	1	487		455		3,079	1
50	343		161		140		186		411		420		322		2,685	
51	7	1	7		12	2	6	1	12	2	16	1	31	6	122	13
52	46	2	82	5	20	1	18	6	75	4	90	2	114	2	582	27
53	2		3		3		2		4		8		7		48	
54	2		1		2		3		1		6		3		18	
55	6		14		5		3		13		13		5		70	
56 57					11 240		5 299		4 532		12 533		23 525		75 4,040	1
	441	1	373													
58	44		30		11		27		48		40		27		365	
59	61		64		54		39		110		100		89		631	
60	75		75		35		35		92		54		55		539	
61	71		90		47		29		59	1	78		42		494	1
62	13		4		2		4		7		10		9		75	
63	3		5		3		1	1	10		31		11		74	1
64					4				2	3	1		4		14 37 36	3 12 5
6t	2	1	5	1			3	1	5	3	9	5	8	1		
66	5		1		5	1	3	1	2	1	3	1	4	1		
67	5	2	6	1	2	3	6	5	4	2	10	4	16	3	56	21
68	3		4	1	1		1		4	1	14		4		38	2
69	23		31		11		11		66		61		64		322	
70	14		13		14		16		29		38		51	1	255	1
71	26		20	1	13	1	17	5	33	8	18	2	19	2	179	22
72	32		53	1	17	1	16	1	42		48	1	32	1	312	7
73	1,679	10	1,197	30	683	8	932	13	962	5.	610	3	384	3	8,177	54
74	114		125		63	3	99	3	342	4	257	2	223	2	1,473	15
75	4,774	1	4,943	1	2,991		3,333	1	3,561		1,767		1,518	1	29,145	4
76	12	1	9		4		2		20		24	1	18		117	2
77	46	2	35	2	26	3	27		49		36	1	24	3	328	13
78	2		1		1	1							2		8	2
79	105	2	134		102	2	135	2	129		91	2	83		945	11
80	206	1	218	■ 2	162	11	139	16	510	7	308	4	209	1	2,021	42
81	798	153	1,130	353	752	252	904	282	1,118	197	628	136	324	70	6,455	1,545
82	118	7	349	11	125	3	110	25	53	21	163	39	95	30	1,013	146
83	5	1	5		4	1	2		7	1	25	1	15	3	69	7
84	52	3	37		40		35		251	7	358	1	509	7	1,612	22
85	276	1	205		139		169		794		817	2	857	3	4,088	9
86	914		708		404		430	1	1,243	1	1,102	1	1,559	1	9,295	5
87	390		133		123		110		251		312		259		1,790	
	31,755	724	30,078	861	19,059	756	21,771	987	49,109	1,102	46,431	1,391	40, 667	1,129	320,106	8,133
 
124
SICKNESS   AND  MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XX.—CENTRAL REGION—Concluded.
Year
Month......................................

Mean Strength, (not including Table XIX).
LIST OF  DISEASES.
Brought forward.
  Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
 88. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
 89. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
 90. Fistula............................................
 91. Haemorrhage from Stomach........................
 92. Piles..............................................
 93. Acute Inflammation of Liver.......................
 94. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
 95. Hernia...........................................
 96. Jaundice..........................................
 97. Prolapsus Ani.....................................
 98. Inflammation of Peritouaftuni.......................
 99. Inflammation of Spleen...........................
100. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
101. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
 Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
102. Stone and Gravel..................................
103. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
104. Diabetes..........................................
105. Incontinence of Urine.............................
106. Difficulty of Urination.............................
107. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
108. Hydrocele and Haematocele........................
109. Sarcocele.........................................
110. Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis......................
111. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
      Order VHI.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
112. Anchylosis...................................
113. Exostosis................ ...................
114. White Swelling..............................
115. Necrosis....................—...............
     ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
116. Abscess..................................—-.
117. Carbuncle.....................................
118. Whitlow......................................
119. Boil..........................................
120. Skin Diseases.............................
121. Ulcers........................................
122. Other Diseases of this Order...................
CLASS  V.
-WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
     INJURIES.
123. Burns...........................
124. Concussion of Brain.............
125. Compression of Brain...........
126. Contusion.......................
127. Fracture........................
128. Dislocation.....................
129. Sprain..........................
130. Incised Wounds.................
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds.
132. Punctured Wounds..............
133. Gunphot Wounds................
134. Poisoning.......................,
135. Suicide...............t.........
136. Others of this Class.............
137. Unclassified Diseases.
Total................................... 8,694
1861.
July.
Cases.  Deaths
7,509


   19
   38
    2
 40

188
49
August.
24,230.
Cases.  Deaths.
 41
104
  9
 31
 11
  1
  2
 23
 44
 77
  4
 80
  7
  5
 39
 27
 20
 14
213
  2
    30
    52

9,878
63
55
September.
41, 675.
Cases.  Deaths.
13,170


    20
    27
     1
     3
    59
   133
    10
    76
    51
     2
     3
     3
    72
   270
143
19
 10
  4
  1
137
 31
 10
 51
 29
 50
  3
162
  5
14,940
187
October.
81,387.
Cases.  Deaths,
24,850


   103
    90
     6
     4
   110
    83
    50
   100
   249
     6
    11
    23
   201
    99


     2
     4
     2
     2
    22
    20
  4
 11


  1
  3
  2
  3


108
 14
 29
 63
 77
 93
 16
186
 31
 26
 51
 61
 68
 35
173
  7
27,269
434
 November,

   95,397.

Cases.  Deaths.

17,023


   121
   59
    5
    2
   100
   67
   19
   77
   350
    3
    3
   13
   278
   91
  9
  4
  7


122
  7
 34
 72
182
114
 16
 30
 10
  4
181
 41
 15
 82
 78
154
 29
395
  8

 64
30,030    690 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1862
125
TABLE XX.—CENTRAL REGION—Concluded.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
110,864.			94,644.		82,077.		91,544.		181,920.		189,	171.	175,903		99.845.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	31,755	724	30,078	861	19,059	756	21,771	987	49,109	1,102	46,431	1,391	40,667	1,129	320,106	8,133
88	84	6	40	7	21	7	46	4	47	4	126	6	104	7	743	49
89	98	3	44	3	23	2	48	1	82	3	235	4	145	3	911	21
90	9		5		10		12		18		26		10		108	
91	2		8		1		11		10		5	1	2		48	2
92	173		164		70		88		374	1	421		349		1,982	o
93	93	2	42		12	1	63		145	4	171	1	212	3	1,143	12
94	32	1	22	2	12		09	o	147	1	95	1	139	2	617	13
95	129	1	124		71		103		197		205		231	1	1,371	3
96	428		629	3	469		492	2	1,235	7	1,145	5	818	11	5,894	31
97	12		10		4		8		25		31		24		126	
98	4	2	4	4	15		36	1	19	7	91	2	3	2	196	24
99	32		18		5		4		15	1	19		22		180	2
100	088		508		380	2	392	1	572		308		211		3,723	3
101	136	6	156	1	96	3	139	1	280	2	193	1	210	4	1,832	26
102	6		5		2		3		5		1		5		37	
103	20		19		11		8		20		25		39		144	
104	2		3		1		4		7		12		7	1	39	1
105	6		1				3		3		5		26		58 278	
106	19		14		15		6		41		52		67			
107	30	1	61	1	17		38	1	73		90		64		440	4
108	51		9		5		6		15		9		7		106	
109	6		3		5		1		12		12		5		45	
110	6		2		2		4		13		16		6		71	
111	13		10		8	1	6		15	2	24		23		149	3
112	11		7		6		5		9		8		6		58	
113	9		1		3		4		5				5		42 34 64	
114	4		6		4		8		1				3			1
115	7		7		4		2		7		15		8			
116	159	1	120	2	60		86	1	189	1	224	1	298	1	1,595	7
117	25		19		9		4	1	35		40		51		217	1
118	43		23		15		13		45		25		48		315	
119	106		69		24		23		91		75		81		790	
120	280		222		131		94	1	259		293		275		1,975	1
121	133	1	97		55	1	74		135		152		108	1	1,151	3
122	25		2i		10		14		14		17		31		213	
123	44		27		22		31		29		42		29	3	304	1
124	2		1						8	2	10	2	7	1	53	
125	1		2			o		1	15		3	1	1	2		7 7
126	186		134		80		98		189	1	214	1	158		1,727	
127	33	2	27		21		24		108	11	49	5	51	2	433	24
128	27		9		30		22		14		31		23		220	
129	57		73		54		40		79		62	1	100		734	2
130	83	1	68	1	47	1	42	2	84	2	118	1	90	2	755	10
131	110	3	50	4	73	4	73	4	707	17	273	25	142	4	1,796	68
132	14	1	24		8		8		06	1	70	9	34	4	323	17
133	173	51	75	15	301	108	88	128	5,357	1,250	679	398	230	112	7,917	2,247
134	6	2			1		1	1	14	2	20		26		96	8 10 64
135 136				2 7	66	1 4	43	1 5	306	3 13	144	3 6	81	2 3		
	82	5	58												1,023	
137	284	10	391	9	127	15	220	4	216	74	312	13	108	30	2,151	188
	35,738	823	33,520	922	21,465	908	24,378	1,149	60,461	2,511	52,624	1,878	45,370	1,329	364,367	11,009
 
 
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18C2.           127
                            PACIFIC REGION.

     The reports from the Pacific Region have been consolidated into two statistical tables,
as follows:

     1. The Department  of New Mexico    -.-__ Table   XXI.
     2. The Department  of the Pacific ------ Table  XXII.
         To which is added—
     3. A consolidated table for the Pacific Region     -           Table XXIII.

               1. The  Department of New  Mexico—Table XXI.

     This table embraces  all reports received from stations in New Mexico and Colorado
Territories.   From July 3 to November 9, 1861, this region was embraced in the Western
Department.   November 9th  the Department of New Mexico  was created by General
Orders No. 97, to  consist of the Territory of  New Mexico.  February  14, 1862, Fort
Garland, Colorado  Territory, was added.  May 2,1862, Colorado Territory was transferred
to the Department of Kansas.   These changes have, however, been disregarded.

               2. The  Department of the Pacific—Table XXII.
     This table includes all reports received from stations in the region west of the Rocky
Mountains which are not  embraced in the Department of New Mexico.  (Table  XXI.)
     The Department of the Pacific, as it existed officially during the year, comprised the'
country west of the Rocky Mountains, except those portions of it included within the
limits of the  Departments of New Mexico and Utah.   Utah is  included in  the present
table.
CONSOLIDATED  TABLE FOR THE UNITED  STATES—Table XXIV.

This table is prepared by consolidating Tables XII, XX, and XXIII. 
128
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
            TABLE XXI.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	2,139.		3, 508.		2,908.		3, 552.		3,845.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.										
	1						7 2 36 80 9		2 4 16 70 10	1
					18 5 20 43 16					
	3 8 8 13		15 75 37 9							
										
										
										
										
	37 1 28 1 2	1	109 10 16 5	2	55 4 19 1	1	88 1 10 1 12 10		58 7 8	
										
										
										
								1	10 25	5
					4					
										
										
							1			
										
19. Debility........................................	4 1 21 47 1		10		7		4 1 23 47 6 1		3	
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 21. Syphilis..........................................			47 59 7 1		33 41 6				34 41 6 1	
										
23. Orchitis.........................................										
										
										
										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.	12		13		5		3 1 2		3	
										
	1		3		2					
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	19 2	2	25 19		37 2		42 21	1	29 25	
										
										
			2		1	1			2	
							1			
36. Tumors.............................................										
37. Other Diseases of this Order.........................									1	
ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases.							1			
39. Scrofula.........................									2	
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES.										
Carried forward..........										
	208	3	462	2	319	2	410	2	357	
— - ------------ — -----										6
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1862.
129
TABLE XXI.
of the Department of New Mexico.
1861.			1S62.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
5,461.			6,026.		2,711.		3, 079.		3,354.		2,018.		2,910.		3,460.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40																
	4 25 39 7 1	1	1 1 3 19 14												11 59 279 896 148 64 2 536 27 194 13 50 157 22	1 1 1 3 9
					2				1 46 34 5 7		12 59 3 3 9 1 25		15 46 36 2			
							25 3 7 8									
					9 3 1											
													1 46			
	17		25 2 o		24		25 1 1		27 1 18 3 1 19							
	12				4						8 1 2 16 9		70 1 1 9 13	1		
	11 23	1	2 19		5 19		4 13	1								
																
									1						2	
																
	1 1 36 38 7 4				2		3		8		12		13		07 3 343 432 76 16	
																
			36 48 11		34 33 10 5		20 16 8 3		12 12 5		29 21 7 1		18 29 2			
																
																
	19		1 2 2				1		11		7		20		95 3 18	1
				1												
	5						1									
																
	72 24 1	1	54 16		38		48 14		67 7		90 21		25 23		546 174 1 5 2 2 3 10 3 1	3 1 1 1 2
																
																
	1 1	1														
											1					
									2 1							
	2		1				1	1		1			4			
											1 1					
																
																
	351	4	259	1	189		202	2	288	1	343.		374	1	3,760	24
17 
130                  SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XXL—DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO—Continued.
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVE	
										
	2,139.		3,508.		2,908.		3,552.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 6
	208	3	462	2	319 1 1	2 1	410	2	357	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
			2				2		6	
										
	1				2				1	
			2							
										
									1	
										
	4 4		9 2 2 2		5 3		7 1		2 1	
50. Toothache.......................................										
										
										
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
							4			
										
	2		13		8		15 1 1		11 2 2 2	
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.			2 3		3 1					
	4									
							1			
										
									1	
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
			1							
										
										
										
										
										
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
							5		3 1 38	
										
	7		16		10		40			
										
										
										
					3 3 2 2	1			1 1 2 1 1	1
			2 2 1				2 2 1	1		
										
	1									
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 83. Abdominal Dropsy......										
84. Cholera Morbus.......										
	5 18 4		18 35 2		3 18 3		6 26 1		5 48 5	
86. Constipation..............										
										
										
Carried forward............	258	3	576	2	387	4	525	3	492	7
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
TABLE XXL—DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO—Continued.
1861.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
5,461.			6, 026.		2,711.		3,079.		3, 354.		2, 018.		2,916.		3,460.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87	351	4	259	1	189		202	2	288	1	341		374	1	3,760 1 21 1 10 2 2 1	24 1 1
	3		3						1 1				3			
										1						
	3		3													
																
	1		1													
																
																
	7 2		4 2				9		3		7		1		58 21 3 2	
					6											
											1					
																
																
																
															4	
																
	12		7		2		8		11 1 2 2		33		19 1 2 1 3		141 5 24 19 5 2 1	
	3 2 1		1 3								8 1					
																
																
			1								1					
																
																
															1	
																
													2	1	2	1
																
													1		1	
																
									1						1	
																
	2		4		1		4		2		3 2 23				24 3 353 1 3	1
																
	52 1	1	28		26		51		47				15			
			3													
																
											1 1 5				5 23 39 9 4 o 77 489 58	1 I 4
	4 2 1	1	3 7		2 5 2	1	1 5		2 7			1	2			
																
			1				1				1 2 9 74 2					
																
	1 65 7				1 17 7		4 33 24		20 51				5 07			
			37 3													
																
	520	6	370	1	258	1	342	2	439	2	515	1	496	2	5,178	*
 
132
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XXL—DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO—Concluded.
					1861.					j
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			—
										
	2,139.		3, 508.		2,908.		3,552.		3, 645.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 492	Deaths.
	258	3	576	2	387	4	525 2	3		i
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										7
	3		5						5	
										
	1 1									
			.3		4		2 1		2 1 1	........
										
										
					2 1					........
							1		2	........
										.......
										
										
			3 34		5 47		3 23	.....	13 17	
	12									
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
					1			j		
										
										
106 Difficulty of Urination...............................	1									
							1			
										
							3			
110. Non-Svphilitio Ulcer of Penis........................	2 1		2 1							
111. Other Diseases of this Order.........................					1		2			
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
										
			1 15							
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.					7		8		7	
										
			5 5 1 2 1 7		1 2 2 1 1 4		2 2 3 4 1 2			
119. Boil................................................	1 4								2 2 7 4 2 6	
										
										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES.	8									
										
										
	19 1		31 3 1 8 3 7 2 8		22		23 4 6 4 2 21 1 4		30 2	
127. Fracture..........................................										
					2					
129. Sprain..............................................	1 2 9 3 12	3							7 4 18	
					13 6					
										
										
133. Gunshot Wounds....................................					7 3				3	
										
										
136. Others of this Class................			1 41		2 23					
137. Unclassified Diseases.................	6						63		40	
Total......................										
	345	6	766	2	544	4	713	3	667	7
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1862.
133
TABLE XXL—DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO—Concluded.
1 1861.			1862.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
5,461.			6,026.		2,711.		3,079.		3,354.		2,018.		2,916.		3,460.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 no 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137	520	6	370 1 3	1	258	1	342	2	439 1 I	2	515	1	496	2	5,178 4 20 2 1 19 6 3 8 8	34
	2										1 1					
													1			
																
	1				1		1		1 1		1 1		2 2			
																
	1		1													
							2		2		1		1			
	3		3													
																
																
																
	5 4		6 1		14 8		9		4 3		10 17	1	5 2		77 168	1
																
															1	
																
																
							1						1		3 5 3 3 6 6	
	1		2 2		1											
											1					
																
			2													
											1					
																
																
																
	1 17														2 87	
			10		5		4		8		4		2			
			2						2		2		1		15 17 38 33 10 33 6	
					3 7 2		3									
	2 6 1 2		8 2 1 3								7		2 5			
							3 1 3		1							
																
					1								1			
																
																
	37 2 2 3 9 15 2 4	2	16 3 4 5 35 6 2 5	3	10 2 1 9 8 8 5 140		8		3 2		1 1		16		196 20 16 55 79 120 19 370 3	o 33 1 1
																
							3 8 6		2 9 11 2 G6		5 3 5		8 3 8 2 39	2		
							82	10		15	20					
				1												
			1 14				7 21		10 22		4 10				25 291	
	31				9								11	1		
	651	8	486	5	492	I	503	12	590	17	Oil	2	588	5	0,950	72
 
134                 SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE  XXII.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1861.					|
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	3,126.		3,227.		2, 636.		. 3,906.		4,90n	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.									2 8 5 11 39 56 1	1 2
							12 7 19 46 24 2 1 93 15 17	1		
	2 2 7 7		6 11 13 5		3 2 9 12					
										
										
										
										
					1 75 1 7 1 1					
	74		101 2 12					1	134 1 38 3 2 4	1
										
	7 2 1									
										
							4			
										
										
										
									1	
										
19. Debility............................................	6 I 86 41 7		4 3 61 35 3 1		2		7 2 109 77 14 3		7 2 218 135 19 6	........
Order II.—Enthctic Diseases.					87 65 6 1					
										
										
										
										
										
Order ni.—Dietic Diseases.									1 1 21	
	4 20		2 30		2 17		3 10	1		
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	27 12		23 15		25 9		34 14		65 22	
										
										
							1			
										
		I			1		2 1 3		2	
	1 2 1	........ 1								
Order H.—Tubercular Diseases.		1	1 2 1		2	1		1	4 2 2	1
39. Scrofula..........................................										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES.										
Carried forward..................					1					
	310	1	335		329	1	520	4	812	5
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
135
TABLE XXII.
of the Department of the Pacific.
1861.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
5,517.			4,758.		4,596.		4,859.		2,741.		1,904.		2,248.		3, 701.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 10															2 45 59 115 325 200 20 4 932 32 194 11 17 11 41	1 7 1 1 1 2 1
	11 5 25 85 19 1 1 87 3 18 3 2	4	2 6 10 26 12 7	.......	4 6 13 36 19 6	1	6 10 9 23 27 2	1					2 2			
									3 6 14		4 7 12 7					
													15 12			
									1							
													1 42 1 24 1			
			81 2 3		70 4 12		75		44 2 6		47 I 9 1 2					
							41									
			3		1 3 18				1 1 1							
						1	1 20	1					2 1			
											1					
																
					1		6		8		2		1		19 16 59 29 968 619 112 27	
	16 3 2 98 88 16 6															
			8 2 84 47 5 5		6 4 86 40 13 2		7 1 67 40 11 1		3		3		3 12 25 17 6 1			
									27 16 8 1		20 18 4					
																
																
	1 8 8										1 2 2				3 49 162	1
			8 9		3 7		13 32		2 4				1 2			
	82 28		104 32		126 43		116 34 1 2		30 9		18 7 1		13 16		663 241 2 4 1 10 9 27 14 9	1 6
					1											
													1 3 3	1		
	1		1													
							2 3 3				1					
	3		4		2 2 3			1	3	1						
											2		2			
			1													
																
	020	4	462		537	2	555	3	190	1	172		209	1	5, 051	22
 
136
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC—Continued.
					18<;i.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
										
	3,126.		3, 227.		2,636.		3,906.		4,900.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	310 I 4 1 2 1	1 1	335 1 5	1	329	1	520	4	812	5
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
					4 2 1	1	1		12	
										
		1 1					2		5	
			1 2	1						
										
									3	
										
	1 2		4 6		7 4		10 3 3		8 9 1 1 1	
										
										
					4					
ORDER II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	1						2		1	
			1 10							
	14 2 1 1				8 1		17		32	
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.							1 1		2 6 1	
			2 1		1					
										
	2 1				1					
									1	
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.							1	1		
			1		2					
										
									1	1
										
			2							
					2				2 3	1
							1 1 5			
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
	1 1 30		3		2				11 2 186	
										
			41		59		94			
										
77. Hasmorrhage from Lungs............................	2		1		1				2	
78. Dropsy of Chest....................................										
			1 1				1 3 3 1		3 9 B 3	
	3				3 35 1					
										
	1		1							
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.										
84. Cholera Morbus..............	3 15 37 7		10 12 32 9		2 11 40 9		5 12 45 3		2 14 115 13	
* 85. Colic..................										
										
87. Dyspepsia........................										
										
Carried forward............	442	4	482	2	529	2	735	5	1,269	'1
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1862.                       137
TABLE XXII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC—Continued.
1861.			1862.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
5,517.			4, 758.		4, 596.		4,859.		2, 741.		1, 904.		2,248.		3, 701.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87	620	4	462		537 1 15	2	555	3	190	1	373		209	1	5,051 3 97 3 20 2 12 3	22 1 1 2
	5		12				15		10		3		11			
	2		1		2		3				1		1			
																
			1		3		4		1				1			
																
																
	15 7		20 6		21 3 2 1 1 1 o		15 1 1 3 2	1 1	12 6		7 3 1 2		14 5 2 2		134 55 10 15 5 1 11 3 213 7 10 25 3 8 2 1 4	1 1 1
			2 1													
																
																
							2				1		2			
																
	25 1 o 2		20		21		25 2		13 1		18		10			
			1 3		1						1		1 4			
							2		3							
					1 1											
			2				1				1					
																
																
									1							
																
															1	1
																
			2		1										5 6 15 1 76 16 1,382	1
	1 3						1 2									
			1		1				o				2			
																
	13 1 134		12 1 192		10 4 342		13				3 1 27		3 5 31			
									1 34							
							212									
			2		2				1						11	
																
	14 11 6 1	1	1 8 7	1	8 9 5		6 15 13				1 3		1 6		36 73 78 9	1 1
									2 1							
													1			
																
					2 5 90 11		1 2 98 12						1 11 45 18		24 91 739 311	...... i
	4 82 11		3 88 10								2 21 6					
									46 2							
	960	5	858	1	1,103	2	1,006	5	326	1	274		386	1	3,370	35 j
18 
138
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC—Concluded.
					1861.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
										
	3,126.		3,227.		2,636.		3,906.		4,900.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 7
	442	4	482 1 2 1	2 1	529	2	735	5	1,269	
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
					2 1		5		3 1	
	1									
										
92. Piles................................................	9 1		6 7		10 2 1 1		8		3 1 2 2 1	
										
						1	3 1 2	1		
	2		1							
										
										
			1	1						
										
	10 7		4 4		7		7 1		19 8 1	
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs. 102. Stone and Gravel....................................										
							1			
104. Diabetes............................................										
										
									1 3	
					2 1		2			
	1		4							
										
110. Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis........................									1 4	
	4				5		1			1
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
									1	
114. White Swelling-.....................................						i				
										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	5		4		5 1 5 16 6 4 2 2		2 1 4 7 8 17 2 2 2	1	13 2 8 17 9 20 4 2 2	
										
118. Whitlow.......................................	3 15 5 5		6 13 5 7 2 1							
119. Boil.......................................										
120. Skin Diseases......................................										
121. Ulcers...........................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. 123. Burns..............................................	1 1	1								
										
										
	37 7 4 10 7 25 3		39 5 4 24 4 23 1 1 3		37 2 1 11 10 15 4 1 2		23 2 1 5 9 11 3 1 1	1 1	45 8 2 13 13 15 2	
										
128. Dislocation........................................										
129. Sprain..'......................................										
										
										
										
133. Gunshot Wounds..................										"
	6									
135. Suicide...................										
136. Others of this Class.........	20 29	2	15 58							
137. Unclassified Diseases........					22 ........		18			
1								........ :»		
1 Total...................	660			4	707	3	885 9 1,522			7
										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
139
TABLE XXIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC—Concluded.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		JUKE.		Total.	
5,517.			4,758.		4,596.		4,859.		2,741.		1, 904.		2,248.		3, 701.	
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 312 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 325 126 127 128 129 330 131 132 133 134 135 136 137	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	960	5	858	1	1,103 1 5 1	2	1,006	5	326	1	274		386	1	8,370 2 35 11	35 1
	4 4		4				4 2		2				4			
																
																
	15 1 3 1 6 1		9 1		12		9 2 2 7 1		3		3		3		90 15 12 27 16 4 4 3 129 40 3 7	2 1
													1 2 1			
			1 2		8 2						1 1 3					
																
																
									3 1 3 4							
	1 25 3						1 21 7									
			14		11						4 1 1 1		4 5			
			1 1													
	1						2		1							
																
					1										1 5 13 7 1 9 21 2 2 1	
			3 2										1 1 1			
	1				2											
																
			1 1 3 1													
	2 1				1		1 2 1		2 1		1					
																
																
	1															
											1					
																
	16 5 4 8 5 12		9 3 3 6 6 8		3 1 2 4 12 8 1 5 3		13		8		6		4		88 13 39 122 82 303 13 21 12 1 354 46 30 140 111 239 31 28 18	3 1 5 2 2
						........	1 21 11 15 1 2 2		1 5 4 1 1		1 2 6 2		1 8 5 4			
	3		2 2	1									1			
																
											1 12 3 1 5 4 7 2 1 3					
	39 3 2 6 16 24 4 6 1	3	37 5 3 15 15 25 2 3		31 3 4 18 7 34 3 1	1	26 5 4 20 13 50 3 2 2		7 2				21 1 4 6 2 3 4 9			
									7 11 7							
									3							
								2								
	9 18 1,211		9 21		4 9				5 7		1 5		3 4		68" 239	
							23									
		8	1,076	2	1,300	3	1,282	7	415	1	353		489	1	10,628	52
 
140
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE XXIII.



Abstract of the  Sickness and Mortality
					1 Rfil				~	
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	5, 2G5.		6, 735.		5, 544.		7,458.		8,745.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 1 2 1
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. ORDER I.—Miasmatic Diseases.									10 9 27 109 66 1	
	1 2 5 15 15 13						19 9 55 126 33 2 1 181 16 27 1 16 10	1		
			6 26 88 42 9		21 7 29 55 16 1 130 5 26 2 1 4	1				
										
										
										
										
										
	111 1 33 3 3	1	213 12 28 5	0				1 1	392 8 46 3 12 29	6
										
										
										
13. Erysipelas..........................................										
										
										
										
							1		1	
										
19. Debility..................................	10 2 107 88 8		14 3 108 94 10 2		9		13 3 132 124 20 4		10 2 252 176 25 7	
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 21. Syphilis.........................................					120 106 12 1					
										
23. Orchitis........................................										
										
										
										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.	12 4 21		33 2 33		5 2 19		3 4 32	1	4 1 21	
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 30. Gout...............................................										
	46 14	2	48 34		62 11		76 35	1	94 47	
										
										
			2		1	1	1 1 2 1 4		2	
										
					1			1	2 1 4 4 2	1 11
	1 2 1	3	1 1 2 1							
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. •is*. Consumption.................					2	1				
39. Scrofula...................										
CLASS III.—FARASITIC DISEASES.										
										
Carried forward.......	518	4	797	2	648	3	930	6	1,169	
-------------------------------------------------------------------■----------------------------------------—------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
141
   TABLE XXIII.



of the Pacific  Region.
1861.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
10,978.			10, 784.		7, 307.		7, 938.		6,095.		3, 922.		5,164.		7,101.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases, j Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
l 2 3															2 56 118	1 8 1
	11 9	5	3 7		4 8	1	6 10	1					2 17			
									4		16					
4	50		13		13		34		52		66		46		394	2
5	124		45		45		26		48		15		51		721	
6	26		26		22		34		5		10		14		348	
7 8 9	2 1 104		7		7		10		8		9 1 72				84 6 1,468	1
													2 88			
			106		100		100		71							
10	3		4		4		1		3		1		1		59	1
11	30		5		16		42		24		17		94		388	
12	3								3		2		2		24	3
13	13		5		6		4		2		4		1		67	
14	23	1	19		22	1	14	1	20		16		11	1	168	11
15					18		20	1					14			1
16 17																
					1		6						1			
18 19	16 4														16 126	
			8		8		10		11		15		16			
20 21	3 134		2 120		4 120		1 87						12 43		32 1,311	
									39		49					
22	126		95		73		56		28		39		46		1,051	
23	23		16		23		19		13		11		8		188	
24	10		5		7		4		1		1		1		43	
25 26 27																
																
	20		1				1		11		g		20		98 52	
28	8		10	1	3		13		2		o		1			2
29	13		11		7		33		4		4		2		180	
30 31																
	154		158		164		164		97		108		33		1,209	3
32	52		48		43		48		16		28		39		415	
33 34 35	1	1					1 2			.	1				3 9 3	1 1 2
					1											
	1	1											1	1		
3G	o		1								1		3		12	
37							2		2		1		3		12 37 17 10	
38	5		5		2		4	2	4	2			4			8
39					2		3				3					
40			1		3		2				1					
																
	971	8	721	1	726	2	757	5	478	2	513		563	o	8,811	46
 
142
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XXIIL—PACIFIC REGION—Continued.
Year............

Month...........

Mran Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
       Brought forward................
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES.
Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
Apoplexy.............
Headache.............
Inflammation of Brain.
Epilepsy..............
Sun-stroke..........................
Insanity............................
Inflammation of Membranes of Brain.
Nostalgia...........................
Neuralgia..........................
Toothache..........................
Paralysis...........................
Other Diseases of this Order.........
        Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
Amaurosis............................
Cataract..............................
In flammation of Iris...................
Night Blindness.......................
Ophthalmia...........................
Other Diseases of this Order...........
        Order in.—Diseases of Ear.
Earache...............................
Inflammation of Internal Ear...........
Otorrhcea.............................
Deafness..............................
Other Diseases of this Order............
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.

Aneurism......................................
Inflammation of Heart..........................
Inflammation of Endocardium..................
Inflammation of Pericardium............„.....
Inflammation of Veins..........................
Varicocele.....................................
Varicose Veins.................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
Asthma.....................
Acute Bronchitis............
Chronic Bronchitis..........
Catarrh.....................
Haemorrhage from Nose.....
Haemorrhage from Lungs---
Dropsy of Chest............
Inflammation of Larynx.....
Inflammation of Pleura......
Inflammation of Lungs......
Other Diseases of this Order.
1861.
July.
5,265.
Cases.  Deaths.
518
16
August.
6,735.
Cases.  Deaths.
797
  ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Abdominal Dropsy...........................
Cholera Morbus..............................
Colic........................................
Constipation.................................
Dyspepsia..................................,
Carried forward .
700
1,058
September.
Cases.  Deaths.
048
69
October.
7,458.
Cases.  Deaths.
930
134
1,260
November.

  8,745.
Cases. Deaths.
1,169
18
 14
  3
224
   1
   2
  19
  163
  18

1,761 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 1862
143
TABLE XXIII.-PACIFIC REGION—Continued.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
10,978.			10,784.		7,307.		7,938.		6,095.		3,922.		5,164.		7,161.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87	971	8	721	1	726 1 15	2	757	5	478	2	513		583	2	8,811 4 118 4 30 4 14 4	46 3 2 1 2
	8		15				15		11 1	1	3		14			
	5		4		o		3				1		1			
																
	1		2		3		4 ,....		1				1			
																
													1			
	22 9		24 8		21 9 2 1 1 1 2		24 1 1 3 2	1 1	15 6		14 3 2 2		15 5 2 2		192 76 13 17 5 1 15 1 354 12 34 44 8 10 3 1 5	1 1 1
			2 1							----						
																
								1								
							2	|			1		..... 2			
																
	37 1 5 4 1	........	27		23		33 2		24 2 2 5		51		29 1 3 5 3			
		........!	2 6		1						9 1					
							2									
					1 1											
		i	3				1				2					
																
																
									1							
																
													2	1	3	2
																
			2		1								1		6 6 16 1 100 19 1,735 1 14	1 1
	1 3						1 2									
			1		1				3				2			
																
	15 1 186 1	i	16 1 220		11 4 368		17		2 1 81		6 3 50		3 5 46			
							263									
			5		2				1							
																
	14 15 8 2	i i	1 11 14	1	8 11 10 2	1	6 16 18				2 4 5	1	1 8		41 96 117 18 4 26 168 1,228 169	1 2 5
									4 8							
													1			
			1				1 1 6 331 36				1 2 11 95 8					
					2 6 107 18								1 16 112 18			
	5 147 18		3 125 13						20 97 2							
	1,480	n	1,228	2	1,361	3	1,348	7	765	3	789	1	882	3	13,548	69
 
144
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXIIL—PACIFIC REGION—Concluded.
					1801.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	5,265.		6, 735.		5,544.		7, 47,8.			
										i.>.
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	700	7	1,058 1 7 1	4 1	916	6	1,260 2 5	8	1,761	14
ORDER VI —Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	3 1 1 10 1				2 1				8 1	
										
										
			9 7		14 2 1 3 1	1	10 1 3 1 3	1	5 2 3 2 3	
										
										
	2		1							
										
										
			1	1						
										
	10 19		7 38		12 47		10 24		32 25 1	
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
					1		1			
										
										
106 Difficulty of Urination...............................	1								1 3	
					2 1		3			
	1		4							
							3			
	2 5	........	2 1						1 4	
					6		3			
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
									1	
										
			1 19							
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	5				12 1 6 18 8 5 3 6		10 1 6 9 11 23 3 4 2	1	20 2 8 19 11 27 8 4 8	
										
118. Whitlow............................................	3 16 9 5		11 18 6 9 3-8							
119. Boil................................................										
										
121. Ulcers..............................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES.	9 1	1								
										
										
	56 8 4 11 9 34 6 12 6		70 8 5 32		59 2 3 11 23 21 4 8 5		46 6 7 9 11			::::
127. Fracture...........................................								1 1	10 2 20 17 33 2 3	
128. Dislocation.........................................										
129. Sprain..............................................										
										
		........ 30 ........ 3								
										
133. Gunshot Wounds....................................							5 1			
134. Poisoning..................................			3							
135. Suicide..............................										
136. Others of this Class...................	20 35	2	16 99		2 45	1			2	14
137. Unclassified Diseases..............						........ 81'				
Total.....................										
			1,494	G						
-- -						i	i, aua	u		
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
145
TABLE XXIIL—PACIFIC REGION—Concluded.
	1861.		1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
10,978.			10, 784.		7,307.		7, 938.		6,095.		3,922.		5,104.		7,161.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,480	11	1,228	2	1,361	3	1,348	7	765	3	789	1	882	3	13,548	69
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101			1 7		1 5 1				1 3						6 55 13 1 109 21 15 35 24 4 4 3 206 208	1 2 1 1
	6 4						4 2				1 1		4 1			
																
	16 1 4 1 9 1		9 1 1 1 3		13		10 2 2 9 1		4 1		4 1		5 2 1 3 1			
																
					8 2				2		2 1 3					
																
									3 1 7 7							
	1 30 7						1 30 7									
			20 1		25 8						14 18	1	9 7			
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 HI 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122			1 1								1 1				3 8	
	1						2		1							
																
					1										1 8 18 10 4 15 27 2 2 1 2 175 13 54 139 120 136 23	
			3 4 2 1 3 3 1				1						2 1 1			
	2				3											
											1					
																
	2 1				1		1 2 1		2 1		1 1					
																
																
	1															
											1					
	1 33 5 4 8 7 18 1															
			19 3 5 6 14 30 1		8 1 o 7 19 10 1		17		16		10		6			
							1 23 11 18 2		3 5 4 2 1		3 2 13 2		2 8 7 9			
123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136	5		5 2	1	6 3		5 2						2		54 18 1 550 06 46 195 190 359 50 398 21	3 1 2 39 3 o
																
											1 13 4 1 10 7 12 2 21 3					
	56 5 4 9 25 39 6 30 1	2 3	53 8 7 20 30 31 4 8	3	41 5 5 2f 15 42 8 141	1	34 5 4 23 21 56 3 84 2		10 4			1	37 1 4 14 5 11 6 28	2		
								10	9 20 18 2 69	15						
				1				2								
	9		10		4		7		15		5		3		93	
137	49 1,862		35		18		44		29		15		15	1	530	1
		16	1,562	7	1,792	4	1,785	19	1,005	18	964	3	1,077	6	17, 584	120
19 
146
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
                  TABLE  XXIV.

Abstract of the  Sickness  and Mortality
Year..............................................

Month............................................

Mean Strength .(not includ'g Tables XIand XIX)
LIST OF DISEASES.
CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC  DISEASES.
    Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhus Fever.................
Typhoid Fever................
Common Continued Fever.....
Remittent Fever..............
Quotidian Intermittent Fever..
Tertian Intermittent Fever___
Quartan Intermittent Fever---
Congestive Intermittent Fever.
Acute Diarrhoea...............
Chronic Diarrhoea.............
Acute Dysentery..............
Chronic Dysentery............
Erysipelas....................
Small-pox and Varioloid.......
Measles.......................
Scarlet Fever.................
Mumps........................
Epidemic Catarrh.............
Debility.....................
Other Diseases of this Order...
           Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.
21. Syphilis..............................
22. Gonorrhoea............................
23. Orchitis...............................
24. Stricture of the Urethra................
25. Serpent Bite..........................
26. Other Diseases of this Order...........
1861.
July.
69,118.
Cases.  Deaths.
  11
 125
 149
 500
 951
 508
  30
  48
,401
 154
,230
  33
  74
  24
 675
   2
 159
  20
 437
 129

 386
 497
  63
August.
109,054.
Cases.  Deaths.
           Order III.—Dietic Diseases.
27. Scurvy................................
28. Delirium Tremens.....................
29. Inebriation............................
 CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
           ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
30. Gout.............................................
31. Acute Rheumatism................................
32. Chronic  Rheumatism..............................
33. Anaemia..........................................
34. General  Dropsy...................................
35. Cancer............................................
36. Tumors...........................................
37. Other Diseases of this Order........................
         Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption............................
39. Scrofula........................
    CLASS III.—PARASITIC  DISEASES.
40. Worms........................
Carried forward.........................  14 953
  1
585
276
 10
 12
  1
 10
 96
    6
   424
   427
 1,564
 2,205
 1,430
   213
   72
10,675
   371
 1,593
   127
   90
    7
   602
    4
   209
   92
 1,187
   434

   619
   777
   140
   41
 39
 24
121
    3
1,157
  769
   90
   22
    1
   41
  186
21
  2
106
  2
 13
  1
September.
162,217.
Cases.  Deaths.
   86
  975
  672
2,929
4,041
2,552
  250
  159
9,794
  615
1,909
  119
   69
   25
1,229
    2
  179
   97
1,201
  623

  740
1,054
  145
   27
    1
   2
1,496
  865
   68
   19
   1
   34
  221
154
 28
337
 13
185
  7
 22
  1
11
October.
252,037.
Cases.  Deaths.
    95
 2,078
 1,265
 4,169
 6,291
 4,109
   523
   213
13, 519
 1,233
 3,095
   229
   378
    88
 2,086
    6
   230
   824
 1,212
   543

   970
 1,287
   193
    38
2,139
1,243
   76
   23
   2
   29
390
 47
367
  7
 30
  5
  2
56
26,119
175
32,890
48,678
601
November.
296,025. 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE  30, 18C2.                  147
         TABLE XXIV.



of the Army of the United States.
1861.			1869.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
336,745.			343, 572.		316,568.		314	961.	395,713.		388,492.		367,952.		279,371.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	59	26	56	18	30	15	38	26	138	23	82	16	135	38	821	201
2	2,817	555	2,325	453	1,593	425	1,204	465	2,348	727	2,701	1,053	2,438	769	21,965	5,648
3	930	7	799	9	739	6	692	4	1,381	35	1,610	23	1,678	38	31,769'	147
4	3,524	45	2,430	25	2,348	20	2,045	36	4,106	30	6,130	35	5,853	68	40,021-	370
5	3,768		2,004	1	1,986	2	1,738	2	4,215	4	4,429	6	3,868	8	40,330	32
6	2,263	3	1,596	1	1,138	1	1,299	4	2,578	3	3,253	4	3,227	5	26,766	33
7	172		227		117	.......	197		488		302	1	461	2	3,526	4
8	395	43	201	39	168	37	74	19	199	59	240	44	238	47	2,233	361
9	9,994	24	10,047	6	7,401	8	10, 648	20	24,806	33	23,845	43	24,073	52	164,414	230
10	1,032	26	870	24	562	23	826	16	2,976	72	3,215	130	3,338	164	15,815	501
11	2,164	45	1,532	24	1,644	17	2,526	24	5,154	37	4,804	43	3,963	34	32,220	338
12	198	12	155	13	107	10	238	12	252	10	539	14	368	17	2,609	136
13	331	43	259	8	192	8	179	13	321	18	280	10	277	6	2,652	120
14	206	50	202	61	182	55	159	59	168	62	89	37	64	21	1,307	393
15	4,957	94	3,135	145	1,672	65	1,192	82	1,072	26	501	14	147	3	21, 672	568
16	43		20	1	6	4	18	1	6	3	13		3	1	133	10
17	937		1,945	1	1,482	3	1,534	1	2,313	1	1,203	1	682	1	11, 271	9
18	2,121		3,160	3	1,738		1,049	2	601		311		235		11,314	5
19	1,535	12	1,176	15	973	11	1,304	21	2,049	. 26	2,588	17	3,297	30	18, 323	153
20	560	3	572	2	1,412	3	569	7	640	5	668	7	707	8	7,454	36
21	. 1,068	1	962		768	2	694		609	1	534	3	547	5	9,044	12
22	1,350		1,458		848		689		804		724		812		11,618	
23	290		331		262		214		364		252		244		2,719	
24	48		40		30		27		43		42		34		408	
25 26 27	2				1		2		1		2		11	1	20	1
																
	41		22		21	1	35		211	3	301	1	499	1	1,324	9
28	64	8	93	9	54	3	50	7	48	3	38	7	51	5	656	57
29	67	2	125	6	85		131	3	62	2	76	3	56		979	20
30	8		4		9		11		14		17		16		104	
31	2,748	4	2,887	2	2,262	2	2,156	6	2,974	1	2,603	5	2,350	5	26,218	29
32	2,228		2,174	3	1,617	1	1,368	1	2,124	3	1,879	5	2,022	8	18,461	21
33	88	7	88		81		73	1	162		183	1	231	3	1,227	13
34	56	2	51	3	48	3	50	6	90	3	156	7	197	9	758	35
35 36	3 44	1	2 40	1					13 44	1	4 57		5 39	1	33 447	4
					33		37									
37	195		115	1	106	1	155	1	239		138		326		2,009	5
88	243	39	253	49	237	64	236	97	278	75	268	83	269	68	2,500	554
39	72	2	63		54		58	2	61	4	67	1	51	1	627	10
40	60		92		123		62		125		GO	1	45		1,057	
	46,681	1,054	41,511 1	923	32,129	790	33,577	944	64,137	1,270	64, 204	1,614	62,657	1,419	516,824	10,065
 
148
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XXIV.—ARMY OF THE  UNITED STATES—Coutiuued.
Vkar

Monti
Mean Strength, (not includ'g Tables XIand XIX)
LIST OF DISEASES.
        Brought forward...............
CLASS  IV.—LOCAL DISEASES.

Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
41. Apoplexy...........................
42. Headache...........................
43. Inflammation of Brain...............
44. Epilepsy............................
45. Sun-stroke..........................
46. Insanity............................
47. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain.
48. Nostalgia...........................
49. Neuralgia...........................
50. Toothache..........................
51. Paralysis...........................
52. Other Diseases of this Order.........
            Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
53. Amaurosis............................
54. Cataract..............................
55. Inflammation of Iris...................
56. Night Blindness.......................
57. Ophthalmia...........................
58. Other Diseases of this Order...........
           Order III.—Diseases of Ear.
59. Earache..............................
60. Inflammation of Internal Ear...........
61. Otorrhoea.............................
62. Deafness..............................
63. Other Diseases of this Order...........
    ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
64.  Aneurism......................................
65.  Inflammation of Heart...........................
66.  Inflammation of Endocardium...................
67.  Inflammation of Pericardium....................
68.  Inflammation of Veins...........................
69.  Varicocele......................................
70.  Varicose Veins.................................
71.  Other Diseases of this Order....................
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72. Asthma.....................
73. Acute Bronchitis............
74. Chronic Bronchitis..........
75. Catarrh.....................
76. Haemorrhage from Nose.....
77. Haemorrhage from Lungs___
78. Dropsy of Chest............
79. Inflammation of Larynx.....
80. Inflammation of Pleura......
81. Inflammation of Lungs......
82. Other Diseases of this Order.
1801.
69,118.
Cases.
14,863
   2
 194
   8
  30
  57
  24
   1
  14
 181
 242
   9
  52


   4
   4
   5
   5
 240
  89


  42
.  32
  39
   7
417
 36
800
 20
 32
  1
 51
102
 93
 44
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83. Abdominal Dropsy.
84. Cholera Morbus___
87). Colic..............
8i>. Constipation.......
h7. Dyspepsia.........
Carried forward.
  223
  385
1,155
  224
August.    ■  September.      October.      November,
109, 054.
Cases.
20,119
523
  8
 69
 60
 20
  2
 10
357
412
 13
 96


  5
  6
 12
  4
347
 84
144
117
107
 20
  4
   44
  647
  184
1,422
   36
   50
    1
   79
  188
  121
  409
Deaths.
19,831
34,982
    2 '.......
  480 I     2
  592 !     1
1,654 ;.......
  372
162,217.
Cases.
32.890
  4
658
  7
 95
 24
 22
 16
  6
347
509
 17
118
397
 78
187
138
 95
 16
  7
   78
1,043
  155
2,673
   12
   84
 53
184
313
527
    3
  409
  720
2,124
  393
Deaths.
310
210   44,644
252, 037.
Cases.
48,678
 25
503
  6
 95
  6
 40
 14
 50
572
606
 39
131


 15
  2
 28
  6
627
104


 86
 82
 81
 21
 12
  113
1,867
  221
5,125
   18
140
276
375
314
    G
  388
1,123
2,773
  551
342   65,385
296,025.
Cases.  Deaths.
49,378
  0
419
 14
124
 47
 10
 61
656
695
 32
142


 22
  2
 16
 13
795
 98


111
117
150
 16
 20
  125
3,580
  268
9,350
   48
  112
    4
  193
  385
  829
  504
   14
  204      3
  P7t !     1
2,677      1
  559
72,982
1,081 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 18G2.
149
TABLE XXIV—ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES—Continued.
1861.			1862.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		JUNE.		Total.	
336, 745.			343,572.		316, 568.		314,	961.	395, 713.		388,492.		367, 952.		279, 371.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	46,681	1,054	41,511	923	32,129	790	33,577	944	64,137	1,270	64,204	1,614	62,657	1,419	516,824	10, 065
41	13	12	22	13	19	14	33	11	17	12	16	14	29	28	195	123
42	624		577		476		504		815		825		1,008		7,126	1
43	12	8	17	11	13	13	17	15	22	18	12	7	15	5	151	93
44	138	3	141	5	105	2	85	6	105	5	112	7	104	4	1,203	39
45			3		4			1 2	15 65		92 60	5 2				18
46	50		40	2	51	1	35			1			40	2	494	12
47	12	9	20	13	IS	13	20	17	25	18	16	11	15	9	167	105
48	33		50		12		38		37		82	1	179		572	1
49	823		729		625		665		947	1	793		849		7,544	1
50	955		581		593		503		873		782		766		7,517	
51	27	2	26		24	4	31	3	28	2	30	1	54	6	330	24
52	124	4	167	5	94	2	80	13	117	5	178	3	219	4	1,518	rt
53	10		11		11		11		7		21		22		147	
54	0		8		9		8		7		9		8		71	
55	29		47		39		21		21		32		21		282	
56	3		4		16		8		10		18		41		136	
57	1,001	1	900		756		756		987		886		861		8,553	l
58	158		96		91		93		119		95		68		1,173	
59	218		194		171		125		182		156		154		1,770	
60	191		192		134		79		177		93		106		1,458	
61	159		209		132		85		144	1	123		85		1,409	l
62	37		26		18		16		28		27		31		263	
63	12		10		9		7	1	15		41		27		173	l
64			3		6		„	I	2						35	
65	12	4	19	1	18		11	4	16	3	20	7	19	1	152	21
66	9		8	2	17	5	11	1	10	3	10	1	9	2	107	15
67	22	3	19	1	28	6	17	9	27	5	27	*j	35	6	224	42
68	5	1	5	1	5		3		18	1	14		8		73	3
69	78		93		47		53		109		121		165		986	
70	75		61		51		46		95		87		117	1	774	1
71	75	2	101	2	75	3	57	10	134	9	60	7	58	4	730	46
72	158	2	152	1	98	1	70	2	108	1	104	1	111	1	1,169	11
73	4,581	24	4,129	19	3,124	14	2,693	19	2,124	12	1,157	4	792	3	26,160	102
74	497	1	554		386	5	260	6	630'	8	391	7	311	8	3,893	36
75	13,152	1	15, 242	1	11,544		9, 669	1	7,884		3,858		2,946	2	83,665	5
76	45	2	32		10		22		67		40	1	56	1	406	4
77	120	2	103	2	89	7	83		121	5	88	1	89	4	1,051	23
78 79	4 329	3	4 458	2	2 436	1 5			4 226	2 4	1 156	4	2 106		23 2,591	5 34
							364	3								
80	545	2	643	5	544	19	47>3	32	799	13	548	6	410	2	5,077	84
81	1,351	245	1,941	477	1,026	361	1,471	361	1,606	259	877	164	452	101	11, 055	2,152
82	748	15	705	32	581	16	306	39	291	27	387	42	217	34	5,033	234
83	18	2	19	3	12	2	9		11	3	36	2	20	3	150	15
81	193	5	123	2	128		128	1	438	7	617	1	909	10	4,306	34
85	963	1	707		561	1	652		1,421		1,562	2	1,806	4	11, 366	11
86	2,714		2,353		1,897		1,607	1	2,739	1	2,620	1	2,865	1	27,178	5
87	627		573		543		399	1	652		644		594		6,134	1
77, 637		1,408	73, 628	1,523	57, 375	1,285 .	55,194	1; 504	88,432	1,699	62,130	1,922	79,610	1,670	751,830	13,422
 
150
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XXIV.—ARMY  OF THE UNITED STATES-Concluded.
Year..

Month.
Mean Strength, (not includ'g Tables XIand XIX)
1861.
July.
69,118.
LIST OF DISEASES.
               Brought forward......................

 ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
 88. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
 89. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
 90. Fistula............................................
 91. Haemorrhage from Stomach........................
 92. Piles..............................................
 93. Acute Inflammation of Liver.......................
 94. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
 95. Hernia...........................................
 96. Jaundice.................~.......................
 97. Prolapsus Ani.....................................
 98. Inflammation of Peritonaeum.......................
 99. Inflammation of Spleen...........................
100. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
101. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
 Order VD7.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
102. Stone and Gravel..................................
103. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
104. Diabetes..........................................
105. Incontinence of Urine.............................
106. Difficulty of Urination.............................
107. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
108. Hydrocele and Haematocele........................
109. Sarcocele.........................................
110. Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis......................
111. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
      Order "VTII.-
112. Anchylosis.....
113. Exostosis.......
114. White Swelling.
115. Necrosis.......
Diseases of Bones and Joints.
     Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
116. Abscess.......................................
117. Carbuncle.....................................
118. Whitlow......................................
119. Boil..........................................
120. Skin Diseases.................................
121. Ulcers.........................................
122. Other Diseases of this Order....................
  CLASS V.—WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS, AND
                    INJURIES.
123. Burns............................................
124. Concussion of Brain..............................
125. Compression of Brain.............................
126. Contusion........................................
127. Fracture.........................................
128. Dislocation......................................
129. Sprain...........................................
130. Incised Wounds..................................
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds..................
132. Punctured Wounds...............................
133. Gunshot Wounds.................................
134. Poisoning........................................
135. Suicide..........................................
136. Others of this Class.............
137. Unclassified Diseases.
TotaL.
Cases.  Deaths.
19,831


    34
    70
     7
     2
   143
    27
    23
    84
    29
     2
     8
     4
   210
   410


     5
     2
     2
     3
    23
    15
     3
     5
    17
    37

     1
     1
     1
     1


   185
    15
    51
   185
   229
   146
   111
  5
  4
282
 35
 16
103
192
239
 75
242
 29
208
504
23,904
August.      September.     October.      November,
109.054.
Cases.	Deaths.
34,982	216
56	4
119	2
43	
12	
314	
170	
85	
192	
57	1
19	
26	4
25	
360	
468	2
13	
13	1
7	
11	
46	
40	
17	
8	
35	
59	
16	
5	
18	
10	
373	
124	
144	
309	
335	
303	
192	
51	
8	
0	1
388	1
43	1
33	
157	1
235	
204	1
57	2
329	77
20	1
	1
197	o
653	12
41,387	330
162,217.
 53
101
 28
 19
317
176
 42
224
259
 35
 13
 10
364
818


  1
 25
  4
 10
 64
 56
 19
 12
 48
 71

 17
  6
  5
 19


317
 82
 85
356
293
375
182
 60
 11
  8
543
 93
 32
200
266
305
 68
295
 25
Deaths.
556
51,810
342
438
252,037.
Cases.
65,385


   131
   205
    22
    11
   378
   136
    78
   288
   857
    19
    18
    31
   620
   657
 28
 10
  2
 65
 73
 16
 15
 44
 79

  6
 21
 10
 23


451
129
112
300
312
360
141
 56
 11
  1
672
109
 75
251
328
310
 80
391
 20
Deaths.
266
290,025.
74,284     848
51 379	
372	1
405	5
102	2
579	78
21	3
	4
273	17
578	27
83,436	1,265
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1862.
151
TABLE XXIV.—ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES—Concluded.
1861.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		1 JUNE.		Total.	
336,745.			343,572.		316,568.		314,961.		395,713.		388,492.		367, 952.		279, 371.	
--	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	77,637	1,408	73,628	1,523	57,375	1,285	55,194	1,504	88,432	1,699	82,130	1,922	79,610.	1,670	751,830	13,422
88	127	11	103	14	57	12	59	6	84	6	146	8	151	9	1,154	92
89	355	4	177	5	134	2	145	3	246	6	449	5	320	3	2,554	35
90	34		31		23		41		42		54		33		375	
91	13	1	21		7		26		23		9	1	18		177	3
92	627		558		394		404		690	1	729		751		5,784	2
93	169	5	140	3	75	1	115		243	4	346	2	343	4	2,079	21
94	94	1	66	3	42	2	142	3	193	2	124	2	203	2	1,138	22
95	386	2	402	1	253		306		388		393		538	2	3,804	6
96	945	1	1,202	3	947		910	o	1,691	10	1,645	7	1,453	13	10,922	40
97	27		20		14		27		39		50		54		344	
98	13	5	23	4	51	2	47	4	34	11	101	7	10	6	358	68
99	45		27		12		14		31	1	20		40		281	2
100	1,671		1,721		1,633	3	1,369	2	1,292		667	1	480	1	11,450	9
101	700	9	806	2	614	3	438	7	668	3	530	1	560	5	7,212	46
102	11		7		5		10		7		5		10		93	
103	45	1	49	2	36		26		40		48		53		401	5
L04	18		8	1	6		10		18		21		15	1	124	2
105	20		21		7		18		9		6		44	1	170	1
106	85		65		62		55	1	89		95		156		885	1
107	82	1	115	2	52		62	2	107	1	122	1	310		932	10
108	61		21		24		20		33		35		37		303	
109	16		9		9		4		16		12		12		126	
110	21		24		25		19		28		23		23		336	
111	67	1	85		53	1	40		59	3	58	1	67	2	771	31
312	14		16		11		10		11		10		8		125	
113	13		8		6		8		11		7		12		111	
114	14		11		12		19		6		3		6	1	111	1
115	15		16		13		20		22		30		14		206	
116	649	1	505	2	323	1	301	1	519	1	527	1	647	1	5,289	8
117	322		85		68		74	1	91		1C8		139		1,187	1
118	150		309		102		62		129		105		116-		1,297	
119	448		311		201		236		301		225		305		3,534	
120	556		548		451		368	1	496		545		573		5,148	2
121	408	1	393		344	1	288		337	1	328	1	336	1	4,083	5
122	114		141		136		114		77		90		137		1,567	
123	113		128		99		113		81		87	1	57	1	996	2
124	13		10	2	6		6	1	15	3	17	2	21	1	144	19
125	2		3	2	4	4	1	2	19		4	1	3	3	60	17
120	832	1	727		537	1	530		538	1	495	1	549	11	6,889	23
127	137	5	115	4	94	1	99	3	167	12	101	7	142	5	1,246	51
128	84		77		80		47		43		54		45		637	
129	402		373		289		287		257 ........		220	1	232		3,150	2
130	459	1	469	1	348	1	308	3	396	2	354	1	325	4	4,052	15
131	541	6	429	5	361	11	398	6	941	19	564	30	551	20	5,248	112
132	95	3	97		54	1	69		129	2	125	9	435	5	1,386	28
133	345	80	213	43	597	139	863	303	5,931	1,383	2,872	995	4,841	1,156	17,498	4,479
134	28	4	26	2	4	2	13	2	27	■ 2	34		46		293	19
135		1		5		4		3		8		6		2		42
136	294	6	264	7	294	5	198	17	481	18	377	10	204	5	3,254	97
137	775	19	678	28	503	• 33	535	38	550	132	624	53	420	69	7,049	438
	89,892	1,578	85,081	1,664	66, 847	1,515	64,468	1,915	106,075	3,331	95,724	3,077	95,255	3,004	878,163	19,159
 
152
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS DURING THE SECOND
                       FISCAL YEAR  OF THE WAR,
                   (From  July 1, 1862, to June 30, 1863.)
                           ATLANTIC  REGION.

    The reports of sick and wounded received from troops in this region are consolidated
into statistical tables for seven armies or departments, as follows:

    1. The Department of the East     -----  Table    XXV.
    2. The Middle Department         -                      Table    XXVI.
    3. The Department of Washington  -----  Table   XXVII.
    4. The Army of the Potomac   ------  Table  XXVIII.
    5. The Department of Virginia     -                      Table    XXIX.
    6. The Department of North Carolina     -                 Table    XXX.
    7. The Department of the South.....Table    XXXI.
         To these tables are added—
    8. A table  showing the mortality in the general hospitals of
         the Atlantic Region        ______  Table   XXXII.
    9. A consolidated table for the Atlantic Region  -            Table  XXXIII.

                1.  The  Department of the East—Table XXV.

    The Department of the East was created by General Orders  No. 2, January 3,1863,
to consist of  the New England States and the State of New York, General J. E. Wool to
command.  By General Orders No. 33, February 6,  1863, the State of New Jersey was
added. In this table the Department of the East is, for geographical reasons, made to
include all the reports received from the troops within the above limits and  the State
of Pennsylvania.  The  table, therefore, embraces all  reports received from troops in the
New England and Middle States, excepting  the State of Delaware.  The  Departments
of the Monongahela and  the  Susquehanna,  created  June 9, 1863, by General  Orders
No. 172, have not been separately consolidated.   The boundaries of these departments
were as follows: The Department of the Monongahela embraced that portion of the State
of Pennsylvania west of Johnstown and the Laurel Hill range of  mountains; the counties 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
153
of Hancock, Brooke and Ohio, in the State of Virginia, and the counties of Columbiana,
Jefferson and Belmont, in the State of Ohio.   The Department of the Susquehanna
embraced that portion of the State of Pennsylvania east of Johnstown and the Laurel Hill
range of mountains.  The Department of the Susquehanna and that part of Pennsylvania
embraced in the Department of the Monongahela have been included in the present table.
Of the remaining portions of  the Department of the Monongahela, the Ohio counties have
been retained in the Northern Department, and  those belonging  to West Virginia in the
Department of Western Virginia.


                   2.  The Middle Department—Table XXVI.

     This table embraces the reports received from troops stationed within the boundaries
indicated  for the  Middle Department  during the  year  ending June 30,  1862.  By
General Orders  No. 66,  March  16, 1863, Western  Virginia was added  to  the  depart-
ment;  but  in these tables the  reports from that  district are  kept separate, and  the
boundary has been fixed  at Hancock;  all Maryland east of this point, except what  is
included in the Department of Washington, being embraced in the  Middle Department,
all  west of it  being consolidated with  the  Department of Western  Virginia.   This
boundary is that established by General Orders  No. 186, June  24, 1863, by which the
Department of West Virginia was  created, to consist of that part of the  Middle  De-
partment  west of Hancock,  including  the adjacent  counties of Ohio.   General Wool
continued  to command the Middle Department until December  17, 1862, when General
R. C. Schenck was assigned.


              3. The Department of Washington—Table XXVII.

     The Department of  Washington, which,  on the 17th of August, 1861, had been
merged into the  Department of the  Potomac,  was again made a  separate department by
General Orders  No. 26, of February 2, 1863.  It was to consist of the district of country
north of the Potomac river, from  Piscataway creek to Annapolis  Junction and the mouth
of the Monocacy, and south by Goose creek and the  Bull Run Mountains to the mouth
of the Occoquan.   General S. P. Heintzelman was assigned to command.  These boundaries
have  been observed in  the present table for February and subsequent months.  Prior to
that time  the table embraces, under the  same designation, the  garrison of Washington
and the troops covering that city, which are not included  in the Army of the Potomac
Here,  therefore,  is consolidated during July and August, 1862, the Army of Virginia
under General John  Pope.  This  army was created towards the close of June, 1862.   It
embraced the garrison of Washington,  the Army of the  Rappahannock  under  General
            20 
i;>4
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
McDowell, and the armies of Generals Fremont and  Banks, then  in  the  Shenandoah
Valley.   These armies were  hastily concentrated, with reinforcements  from  Western
Virginia and North Carolina, and the  campaign made which led to the battle  of Cedar
Mountain, August 9th, and terminated in the second battle of Bull Run,  August  29th and
30th, and the battle of Chantilly, September  1st.   Subsequently to these actions the
Army of General Pope was consolidated with the Army of the Potomac.  The confusion
of this campaign has led to considerable imperfection in the returns for July and August.

                 4.  The  Army of  the  Potomac—Table XXVIII.

     This table embraces all reports received from the Army of the Potomac during the
year.  The battle of Malvern  Hill, July 1, 1862, was followed by the movement of the
army to Harrison's Landing,  on the  James river, where  it  lay until about the middle
of August,'when General McClellan commenced moving his forces by water to effect a
junction with the Army under General Pope in front of Washington.   Subsequently to the
second battle of Bull Run the Army of the Potomac, reinforced  from the. late  Army of
Virginia, crossed into Maryland, and, marching by way o«f Frederick, fought the battles
of South Mountain, September 14th,  and  Antietam, September 16th and 17th.  Subse-
quently to  these engagements  the army remained in Maryland until near  the  close of
October, when it crossed the Potomac into eastern Virginia, and General McClellan being
relieved by General A. E. Burnside, November 7th, the march was  continued to Falmouth,
on the Rappahannock, opposite Fredericksburg.   December 13th the battle of Fredericks-
burg was fought; after which  the army  which had been thrown across the Rappahannock
for the attack  was withdrawn to Falmouth.  Towards  the close of January General
Burnside was relieved by General Joseph Hooker, who, during the last few days of April,
crossed the Rappahannock and Rapidan, and  brought on the battle of  Chancellorsville,
May 2d, 3d, and 4th, after which the army was  again withdrawn to Falmouth,  in the
vicinity of which it lay till the middle of June, when General Hooker marched northward
and crossed into Maryland to meet the Rebel Army under General Lee, which  had invaded
Maryland and Pennsylvania.  June 27th General Hooker was relieved from command by
General George G.  Meade, under whom  the battle of Gettysburg was fought, July 1st, 2d,
and 3d.  The table terminates, therefore, on the eve of this  engagement.

                5. The Department of  Virginia—Table  XXIX.

     This table embraces the  reports received from Fortress  Monroe  and  its  vicinity,
including  Norfolk  and Portsmouth.   The  boundaries recognized  are  those  fixed  by
General Orders  No.  57, June 1,  1862, which extends the Department of Virginia to 
                      DURING TBE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3.                   155

include that part of Virginia south of the Rappahannock and east of the  railroad from
Fredericksburg to Richmond, Petersburg, and Weldon.  General J. A. Dix took command
in September, 1862.  The most important movement during the year was the expedition
up the York river to the White House in the latter part of June, 1863.

             6.  The DePxVrtment of North  Carolina—Table  XXX.

     This table includes, as during the previous year, the reports received from troops in
North Carolina; General J. G. Foster  was assigned to command December 24, 1862.

                7. The Department of the  South—Table XXXI.

     Here- are included the reports received from the  troops at Hilton Head and the
various points occupied along the coast of South Carolina, Georgia, and the  east coast
of Florida, including Fort Jefferson, Tortugas, and Key West.   Key West and Tortugas
were  transferred to the Department of the Gulf by  General Orders No.  66,  March
16,  1863, but are nevertheless  retained in the  table.  General J. M.  Brannan assumed
temporary command of the department September 5, 1862.   September 17th General 0.
M.  Mitchel  took command.   General Brannan again assumed temporary  command
October  27th, and January  20th General  D.  Hunter resumed command.   In  June,
1862, a landing on  James Island  was  effected  by the troops in this department,  with a
view to operations against Charleston,  and  in January, 1863, reinforcements arrived from
North Carolina having the same object in view. 
156
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
            TABLE XXV.



Abstract of the Sickness  and Mortality
	1863.									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	1, C99.		2,322.		3, 020.		4,191.		4,614.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	2	1	5	3	6	1	3 2 1	1	4 2 5	1
										
	4		5		1					
										
			6 10 29 2		16 17 27 2		9 16 15 5		5 14 21 9	
	4 16 G 2 39 10 7									
										
										
										
			56 20 17	1	62 25 7	3	86 68 23 3 2 1	1	72 17 16	5
										
										
										
	1				3				2 1	
									2 14	
	3									
					1					
									1 5 43 35 76 65 14 1	1 1
	1		2				1 13 40 52 90 6 2			
										
	109 13 12 3		77		28 28 40 3					
ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis.......................................-...										
			47 '"							
			5							
										
										
										
	2 5				5 1		4		6	
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.			4							
										
	3 18		2 6		.0 6	1	17 7	3	10 5	1
										
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	32 25 3 4		12 8 8		11 2		25 18 8		37 ........ 6 ........ 4 i........ 1	
										
										
					1					
										
	2		2 1 6 1	1	1 3 3 1					
							1 15 3			
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.	4 5								6 1	1 1
										
										
CLASS III.—FARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch..............							8 3			
		i								
48. Other Intestinal Worms.............			1							
										
Carried forward.............		.......							498	12
	315	1	353	5						
.. __ - ....										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3.
TABLE  XXV.
of the Department of the East.
1869.			1863.													
December.			January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
4, 916.			4, 629.		4,180.		3,738.		5,331.		5, 549.		4,337.		4,044.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 31 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49	9	2	15	1	8 1	1	13	3	6	2			4	1	75 5 20	15
																
	4															
																
	4 13 22 3		12 26 10 1 2 102 7 4		13 10 14 1		13 14 7		18 19 13 1 1 50 8 7 1 6 6 4		32 17 19 1		15 7 15		143 167 208 3L 5 822 223 147 6 44 25 59 19 70 110 351 421 486 645 81 17 4	13 1 1 3 1 1
																
	44 17 21 1 5 4 16	1		1	64 5 2 1 4 1 1 4 1 23 64 2 37 56 8 2		59 18 9			----	70 23 9	2	118 5 25			
			9 2 9 13 17 34 67 16 61 81 14 4 1	1			4 3 2 1				5 4 4		3 2 6			
	28 10 37 74 43 70 6 3	1							22 12 17 10 39 49 5 4	1	1 9 28 8 45 38 11					
							12 76 15 34 54 5 1 3						1 6 7 37 43 1			
																
																
	7		5		2				2				1		34 10	
																
																
	7 8		8 8 ........		5 6 1		5 13		3 11		2 14	1	6 11		74 113 1 10 1 301 229 60 13 3 9 12 93 24	3 1 1 5 1 1
													10			
									1 40 16 4							
	28 23 4 3		18 30 11 1		30 11 7 2 1	1	33 43 2 2				36 22 4		19 26 5			
									1				1 1			
	i l 15 2										2					
									6							
		2	9	1	7		12 3				6 4		10 2			
									2	1						
																
	16		15		36 1		9		28		14		16		142 2	
	1															
																
																
550 1		6	612	. 4	431	2	464	1	412	4	428	3	403	1	5,317	47 1
 
158
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXV— DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST—Continued.
					180	\i.					
	July. -		August.		September.		October.		November.		
	1, 699.		2, 322.		3,020.		4,191.		4,614.		
											
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. | Deaths.		
	315	1	353 1 1 4	5 1	306	5	545	3	498 1 ]o		
CLASS IV. —LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.											
					5 1 1		6 12		1 11 1		
	5 1										
											
							1				
									1		
							1				
									2 2 1		
	3		2		3 2		2 2				
.											
	1										
							1				
Order II.—Diseases.of Eye.											
					1 7	........	1 7				
	8		10						9		
											
											
											
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.	2										
									1		
							3 1				
			1						3		
											
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.							5	1			
									I		
											
											
											
											
											
	6 2 7 1 33		4 7 9 4 36		2 3 1 2 39		9 14 3 2 60 4		4 5		
											
											
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.											
								........ 65			
											
											
											
							1 1 2 5 2 39 15 3				
	2		1 7 3		1 4 1	1			6 4 2 3 30 28 4	2 1	
											
	2										
											
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic..............................................	9 19 4		3 17 32		1 22 12						
											
95. Cholera Morbus...................................											
			1 11				2 10				
	6				17				25		
											
			i								
102. Hernia..................	1 4		1 !3		1						
								.......	5		
103. Hsmonhage from Stomach.............											
	i		1								
	431	1	501	6	440	6	761	4	713	16	
											
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
159
TABLE XXV.—DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST—Continued.
1802.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
4,916.			4, 629.		4,180.		3,738.		5,331.		5, 549.		4,337.		4,044.	
1	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 9C 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 08 99 100 101 102 103	550 1 2 21	6	612 1 8 24 1	4	431 1 2 25	2 1	464 2 . 5 12	1 1	412	4	428 2 4 9	3	403	1	5,317 8 40 164 5 3 1 3 13 106 9 1 7 5 2 124 1 4 6 33 7 19 34	47 3 2 1 1
									3 21 1 1				3 19			
	1			1						1						
																
					2									1		
			1 21				10 16									
	5				20 1				14		8 2		10 1			
																
			3	1			1 2				1		1			
					2				1							
														i		
	14		12		17 .		12		15 1		6		7			
					1 2 5		1 2 7				2					
	1 1 4		1 4 2 5 10													
									12				2			
																
					3 3		1 4		7 6		1		1 1			
	5															
																
															5 14 1 1 1 4	1 1
	4		2	1			1		2 1		1		3			
																
			1													
	1 3															
			1													
																
	1 4 1 6 71 9		5 3		1 8 1 3 114 7 1		2		3 1		3 4 I 3 31 12				40 54 24 29 684 93 1 8 52 91 44 30 58 144 358 40	1 14 1 1 1
													3			
						1	1 1 58 21									
			3 92 14						1 61 16				2 24 10			
	3								4 4 8 5				1 2 6			
					26 23 6 6 7 9 46	4	19 16 1-1 12 9 39	2								
	10 4 4 4 7 25 1	4	13 6 4 24 11 29	1						1	4 5 1					
													1 4 6 39 1			
									2 10 47 1							
										1	10 32 2					
																
			3 16		3 21						2 11		2 14		13 181	
	13						18		19							
					1 1 6										1 9 73 1	
	4 1		-1 9				1 11				2 4					
									4				1			
																
i	781	10	943	8	805	8	750	4	683	7	591	3	567	1	7,966	71
 
l(j(J                   SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XXV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST—Concluded.
					1S(	>'2.				
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVEMUEIl. 4,614.	
	1,699.		2 322.		3,020.		4,191.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases, i Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	C'nses.	Oouths.
	431	1	501	6	440	6	761	4	713	1«
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	5 3		11 2		22		21 1 3 1		44	
										
										
										
	1	1	1		4					
							3 15 9 3			
	4 2 4		22 6 6		5 3 5 1 2				14 11 16 2	
										
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
			3							
										
										
									1 5 1	
							1 2 1			
	1 1		1 3							
					1 3					
										
123. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	3 2		1 3				4 5		4 2	
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
										
										
										
					1		2		1	
										
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	2 6		6 9		6 12		13 17		18 14	
132. Boils........................................										
										
					1 10		2 19		1 12 3 19 1	
	10		20							
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
	29		20		17		25 1	1 1		
										
										
	7 4 3		12 1 2		15 2 2		18		17 1 5	
										
										
							1			
										
	54 1 8		52 4 5		65		46 7 6		29 5 11 1	
										
					9					
										
			1		2					
149. Other Accidents and Injuries......							1			
150. ORDER II.—Homicide___										
151. ORDER EH.—Suicide.....				1						1
152. ORDER IV.—Execution of Sentence										
	581				......"""					__
Total................		2	692	7	628	6	988	6	951	17
------------------.--										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30,  1863.
161
TABLE XXV.—DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST—Concluded.
1863.			1803.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		ArrjL.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
	4, 916.		4,629.		4,180.		3,738.		5,331.		5, 549.		4, 337.		4,044.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	781	10	943	8	805	8	750	4	683	7	591	3	567	1	7,966	74
104 105																
	37		81		60		36		41		33		20		411	
106 107 108 109 110 111	1		2 1 1						1 2				1 1		11 8 2 9 5 136	1
							1									
																
	1								1				1			
							1 12				1 6					
	12		10		19				15				2			
312	6		32		13		7		17		9		7		122	
113	4		4		1		10				4				57	
114 115 116 117 118 119	1		3 1		1		2		4 1				1		15 8	
											1					
																
																
	2				2 4						2 2		1 1		8 22	
			3				1		3							
120 121					1				3 2						9 15	
							2				1		4			
122 123															3 23	
	2		2		4				1		1		1			
124 125 126 127 128 129 130	2		1										1		16 2 14	
					1 3				1 3							
			3								2		3			
																
			1		4										5 9 2	
							3						2 1			
			1													
131	14		24		17	1	24		28		21		25		198	1
132	9		13		32		12		14		19		18		175	
133 134	3 5		2 5		1 7		1 2				1 4				8 36	
									8				1			
135	22		20		10		8		3		5		9		148	
136 137	3 35		2 30		3 37		7 45				6 47		2 37		26 384	
									43							
138 139 140					1				1						4	1 2
	18	1														
			31		14		8		23		22		15		200	
141 142	1 8				2		1 4						1 3		13 39	
			6						2		3					
143 144													2 27		2 398	o
	41		9		7	1	31		13		24	1				
145	3		4		1		9		8		6		3		51	
146	6		16		15		6		8		13		7		110	
147 3 48 349	4		3		1						1 7 1				10 11	1 1 2 1
									1 4							
	2	1			2		2						1			
150 151								1								
																
152														1		
																
	1,025	_	1, 254	8	1,068	10	985	5	934	7	833	4	765	2	10,704	86
21 
1G2
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE XXVI.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1863.				-.	
										
	July.		August.		September. October.				November.	
										
	12, 357.		9,135.		19,101. 1 21,531.				23,099.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	81 45 27	5 4	75 86 16	18 7	85 1 63	5	285 1 13	23	253 1 45	36 1
										
										
										
	150 139 124		82 138 75		139 125 98 3 9 1,847 34 143 1 8 1 19 1		193 337 100 36		99 114 53 23 5 549 94 81 6 23	2 3 1 1 3
										
										
										
	3 1,022 71 111	2 1	1 439 9 39							
						4	1,215 94 181 11 33 3 86	1		
11. Chronic Diarrhoea...............................										
12. Acute Dysentery.........................										
										
	10		4 1	1						
•15. Small-pox and Varioloid........................										
16. Measles..........................	5								38	3
17. Scarlet Fever.........................										
18. Diphtheria..........................							45 12 196 94 77 179 23		13 12 209 2 82 167 21 4 2	1
	15		5		3					
20. Epidemic Catarrh................										
21. Other Diseases of this Order..........	98 61 133 23 3	1	139 29 62 7 2	1	90 45 224 10	1				
ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis.........................										
										
24. Orchitis..........................										
25. S tricture of the Urethra.............										
26. Purulent Ophthalmia. ..............										
27. Serpent Bite.............										
28. Other Diseases of this Order.......							2 9			
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy...............	4		3		2				3 2 2 5 2	
30. Purpura.................										
	2 4	1	11 2		8 ,		15 6			
32. Inebriation............										
33. Chronic Alcoholism.........										
34. Other Diseases of this Order.......										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout.................							1 192 187 6			
36. Acute Rheumatism............	135 30		35 25		96 204				119 143 26 1 I 1 o 13 6	1
37. Chronic Rheumatism.......										
38. Anasmia.................										
39. General Dropsy..........	1				3					
40. Cancer................										
41. Tumors___.'........	2 38 6	1	1 1 7		1 7 12 4		1			
4-2. Other Diseases of this Order......										
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 43. Consumption..........							12 9 o 11	1		
44. Scrofula......										
io. Other Diseases of this Order.										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch........									16 5 1	
47. Tape-worm...										
48. Other Intestinal Worms					3		10			
49. Other Diseases of this Order										
										
Carried forward___					3,287	10				
------------.---							3,675	__	2,244	
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1803.
163
     TABLE XXVI.



of the Middle  Department.
1863.			1S63.													
December.			January.		February.		Marcu.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
22,853.			31,	551.	28,043.		29,836.		27,390.		22, 553.		. 9,518.		21, 247.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	99	21	89	31	127	19	276	24	122	19	151	11	12	2	1,655	194
o 3 4 5			3 11	2	3 6	2	2 15	2 2							142 237	18 2
	3								20		18		2			
	44	3	204		155		183	2	173		282	1	27		1,731	8
6	74		46		30		40		145		125		24		1,337	
7	48		50		27		56		100		60		41		832	
8	20		5		4		2		5		9		1		108	
9 10			9 494	2			3 322				1 356				31 7,440	4 4
	371				291				299				241			
11	77		65		66	1	53	2	85	1	15	1	28		691	10
12	61	2	58		65		72		68	1	106		45		1,030	4
13	8		11		15		27		31		5		11	.. *__	126	1
14	32		34		19	1	22		10		11		6		218	4
Ti			16	1 3	21 22	1 1	18 61	2 1	20 70	4	5 14		1 3		86 694	9 8
16	141		235													
17 18	3 40	1	5 17	1 1	3 5								2 5		14 155	1 5
							5		10		15	2				
19	112		74		63		57		52		25		3		433	
20	502		574		378		760		398		209		12		3,238	
21 22	39 89	1	17 118		3 88		31 87		6 98						519 901	4
											69		58			
23	153		158		126		131		121		133		69		1,656	
24	10		17		14		17		14		13		10		179	
25					2 2		1 7		4 6		1 15		3		27 44	
26 27 28 29	1		11													
																
			1 4		1 1										4 50	
	9						4		9		1		1			
30 31			1 4		1 4	1					1 4				5 68	1 5
	8	2					4		4	2		1	2			
32	5		6		4		8		5		10		4		59	1
33			3		3		4		4	1	2		1		19	1
																
34			5		5	2									10 2 1,542	2
35													1 20			
36	112		243		161		209		120		100					
37	213		209		153		143		101		40		26		1,474	
38	85		63		39	1	30		23		18		2		292	1
39 40 41	2		2 1 1		5 2 3		2 1 1		16 1 2		1				33 6 23	
																
	5										2		3			
42 43	2 28				2 23				1 16	5	2 " 6				35 185	21
		2	2y	5			29	5				1	4			
44 45 46	1		10		17 1 72		21		14 1 47		6				88 4/ 412	
																
	97		68			.	50				35		16			
47 48	1 1		1 2		1 1		4 2								12 18	
																
49					1										1	
																
■	2,496	32 ;	2,983	26	2,035	29	2,760	40	2,227	33	1,866	17	684	2	27,872	308
 
164
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXVI.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT—Continued.
					1862.					—
										
	July.		August.		September.					
										
	12, ?57.		9,135.		19,101.		21,531.		21,099.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases. 2,323	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 2,244	Deaths.
		15	1,294	27	3,287 1 11 31 2	10 1	3,675 1 12 60 3	25 1		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	8 79 1								5 77 3	1
			33							
										
										
	1									
									10 1 99 3	1
					1 39 5 3 12 1		4 92 3 11 10			
	42 1 1 18		6 3 3 4	1						
										
										
									6 3	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	31		11		13 1		40 2		55	
										
										
	8 4 6 6 4		2 2		6		9 14 2			
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.									24 4 1 12	
					6 2 5 4					
										
71. Otorrhoea...........................................			3				12 5			
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
									3	
										
									1	
					15 1		6			
									2	
										
	1				6 4 1 4 244 2		7 19 11 18 243 30	1	18 24 1 6 189 30	
			1 2 2 37							
82. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	16									
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
	180 5									
										
										
					4 21 18 18 9 5 68 115 121	1 2	5 6 56 34 12 106 84 307 42	2 1	2 22 24 28 6 31 82 174 32	5
	5 4 5 4 12 111 217 28		5 3 5 4 2 33 68 29	2						
										
										
										
										
Okdeb VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic........................................										
										
95. Cholera Morbus..................................										
										
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease..........._.... 98. Dyspepsia............	2 26						2 25			
			40		41				47	
99. Diseases of Pancreas......										
100. Diseases of Spleen........										
101. Fistula in Ano.........	1 8 1						1 41		2 39 1	
10_. Hernia.............		1	4		33 1					
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach......										
Carried forward........							5,010			
	3,159	16	1,596	30	4,101	14		30	3,311	59
										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE  30, 1863.
165
TABLE XXVI.—MIDDLE DEPARTMENT—Continued.
1862. (			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
22,853.			31,551.		28,043.		29, 836.		27,390.		22,553.		9, 518.		21,247.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	2,496	32	2,981	26	2,035	29	2,760	40	2,227	33	1,866	17	684	2	27,872	308
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 63 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 95			2 17 107	1	1 10 105 2 3 1 9 4 64 1	2 2 1	2 9 61 4 5				1 o 26		1 6 6		9 93 729 17 15 11 34 24 725 28 19 93 24 7 426 7 16 46 193 40 33 126 10	3 3 6 3 2 1 1
	9 69 i 1 1 4 69 5								4 75							
			2 6 8	1 1				3	3 1 2 2 76 1	1 1	1 1 1 2 42 2 1					
																
							2 5 87 1						1 1 14 2			
			95 1													
	3		24 7 1 60		4 4			1	12 2							
							7 5 45 1									
	1 38															
					33				53 2 3 1 28 2 1 14		36		11 1 4			
	3 3 36 2 1 5		1 6 22 8 9 20		1 2 28 5 7 24 1						4 2 7					
							7 28 5 6 23									
																
																
																
											3		1			
			1 17 1 2 4 1	1 1							1 4 2				2 60 13 12 40 10 2 73 117 41 100 2,007 310 3 30 254 746 398 121 456	1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 60 1 1 4
	7 1 5 5 3	1			10 4 2		12 3 2 6	1	7 2	1						
																
																
									1 1 1 4 5 1 14 141 53		3					
					2	1										
							1 4 13 1 16 317 55 2 6 57 123 46 46 33	1								
	6 14 2 8 182 20		17 15 2 12 193 47		6 13 3 19 161 50						3 7 1 1 88 13 1 2 15 33 31 6 64		1 2			
																
												«	32 5			
			9 44 158 73 10 38	11	2 37 138 72 7 74	33										
	16 73 35 5 19	5 1 1						15 2	26 109 40 10 72	8 1						
												1	7 11 2			
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	58 180 5		44 196 8 9 2 35		43 162 6 1 6 50	........	43 242 14 1 18 25		60 157 5		32 165 6 1 2 22		13 36 7		671 2,019 303 12 37 365 4 14	5 1
	1 27 4 10 2 31								4 22							
													5			
					2 3 37				2 3 14 1							
			8 48 1				1 48 1								21	
											17		6		326 6	i
																
	3,468	40	4,372	42	3,254	48	4,199	65	3,264	45	2,517	19	859	2	39,170	410
 
166
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXVI.—MIDDLE DEPARTMENT—Concluded.
					IS(i')				Novk 21, Cases. 3,311 1 113 5 6 1 5« 4 681 63 1 3 1	MM-ii. 099. Deaths. 59 1 1 1
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
										
	12, 357.		9,135.		19,101.		21,531,			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 30	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		
	3,159	16	1,596		4,161	14	5,010	30		
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	15 15 3		29 4 1		27 12 4 2 3	1	101 12 5 1 20 6 131 33 42 6 1 1	1 1 1 1		
										
										
										
	6 1 28 24 38		2							
										
			10 9 6		29 28 47 1 1					
112. Piles...............................................										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
										
									2 3 10 4 2 3	1
										
	4		2 1		9 1 3		9 2 1	1		
										
										
122. Hydrocele..........................................	1 14									
			7		9		3			
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
125. Caries..............................................									1 7	
	1						2 3 4 1 1 51 74 3 4 49 3 41 1			
										
								1	1 1 2 48 53 7 10 12 15 27 2 49 4 3 1 20 18 10 1	1 1 1 1
	1									
										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	6 20 3 9 62 3 28		24 11 6 2 18 2 25		61 21 7 8 47					
132. Boils...............................................										
133. Carbuncle..................										
134. Whitlow............................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 136. Burns..............................................										
					■ 19	1				
										
										
	3 2 4		■ 9		3 1 4		50 1 2			
										
			5							
										
	7 13 17 4 2 18		2 7 7 8		108 10 6 3 1 14	10 1	49 4 3 3 19 5	3		
										
										
147. Punctured Wounds..................................										
148. Poisoning-............................										
149. Other Accidents and Injuries.........................		3	4					1	2	2
150. ORDER EC.—Homicide........										
151. ORDER HI.—Suicide........										
152. ORDER IV.—Execution of Sentence .										
Total...................										
	3,511	17	1,797	30	4,650	27	5,757	40	4,513	69
■----------------------------------------------,-------------------------------------------------------------										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
167
TABLE XXVI.—MIDDLE DEPARTMENT—Concluded.
1802.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
22,853.			31,551.		28,043.		29,	336.	27,390.		22, 553.		9, 518.		21,247.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death 3.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	3,468	40	4,372	42	3,254	48	4,199	65	3,264	45	2,517	19	859	2	39,170	410
104 105	1 260		273		1 155				1 113		1 41				7 : 1,348	
							201						22			
106	3	1	7		8		3		2		3		6		i 78	2
107	3		2	1			3	1	7		5		1		40	4
108 109			3 12		1 16			1	3 6	1	1 4				10 97	4 3
	13	1					6						4			
no 111	18 195		15 189		21 79	3	5 67		12 83		1 26				83 1,519	3
													1			
112	72		73		81		54		44		32		20		533	
113	1		11		12		11	1	29		11		1		210	1
114 115 116 117 118 119	2				3 1 5		4 2 5 1 3 22		3 3 5				1		23 11 27 4 31 141	1 1
			2 6													
											5					
	I															
			15 25		7 27				1 9		2 4					
	15												5			
120			2		7						1 2				25	1
121 122 123	3 4 2		5 3 7		3 1 3		2 2 3		4						25 14 49	
																
											1					
124 125 126 127 128			2 4 2				3 1 5 1 3		1						6 10 30 4 17	• 1
	3 4			1	1 4											
									3		2					
																
	1		2		1				3		1		1			
129 136	1 1		5		2		2				1 1				14 6	
									1							
131	26		48		25		44		33		13		28		407	
132	48		62		55		36		53		39		14		488	
133	5		17		5		3		1		8		4		69	
134	10		27		23		17		3		11		6		130	
135	38		45		35		19		18		16		2		361	
136	10		11		18		19		4		3		9		97	
137	38		37		26		26		22		26		13		328	1
138 139 140	1 45	2	2 50	1	1				2	1	2				11	1 6
																
					40		44		63		44		8		4C8	
141 142 143 144	3 7 1 11	' 1	3 15 1 22		4 9		1 6 1 11	2	3 4 2 32		2 5				24 64 6 335	39
																
																
				2	35	4				2	27	8	11	6		
145	16		21		9		10		4		5		5	1	322	1
146	2		14		2		5		2		1		o		71	1
147	4		7		3		1		o		4				40	
148 149 150 151 152	2				1 15				1 5				1		27 76	13 2 2 1
			2			1	8	3		2	3	2				
		2														
								2								
		1														
																
	4,336	48	5,423	47	3, 999	56	4, 862	75	3,850	51	2,871	29	1,025	9	46, 594	498
 
168
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE  TROOPS
          TABLE  XXVII.




Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
	1862. ~									
										
	July.		August.		SEPTEMT3R.		October.			----
									NOVEMBEIi.	
	70,086.		51,878.		16,840.		35,055.		44,335.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. I Deaths.	
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	644 31 458	49 1 1	353 7 194	27	100	10	508 4 158	31 3 3	791 9 415	1 12
										
				2	62					
										
	990 608 473 130 29 4,542 437 554 85 51 3 11	2 2 2 2	546 367 452 37 8 2,392 229 272 60 21	1	187 261 266 58 3 854 138 121 21 8 5 50	3 1 1	506 396 208 31 31 2,819 351 233 21 13 1 282 1 8 10 164 189 120 227 19 5 10	3 2 4 3 3	397 339 156 7 4 2,845 215 316 51 12 4 75 15 42 148 628 186 173 269 30 10 11	2 1 2 5 1 1 1 1
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
			41							
17. Scarlet Fever.......................................										
										
	99 256 933 141 248 52 5		10							
					6 103 69 106 7 1	1				
		3	589 98 124 28 8	1						
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis.....................................										
										
24. Orchitis.........................................										
										
										
27. Serpent Bite.......................................			2							
							13 6 2 6 3 6 8		3 6	
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.......................................	29		43		1					
										
	17 5		10 1	1	1 5				2 4 10 45	
										
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...........................................	2 667 503 29 8									
		1	185 220 24 22 1 10 12 15 6		96 90 17 6		251 305 41 3		381 601 34 7 2 1 32 41 15 4 40	1 2
										
										
										
										
	15 72 48 24	1		2	1 4 12 2	2	5 16 29 7	2		
										
Order H.—Tubercular Diseases.										
44. Scrofula.......................................										
45. Other Diseases of this Order................										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch......................							13 1 6			
										
48. Other Intestinal Worms........	20		6		6				14	
49. Other Diseases of this Order.....										
Carried forward........										
	12, 219	64	6,393	34	2,667	18	7,036	54	8,390	116.
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1863.
169
        TABLE XXVII.



of the Department of Washington.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
51,862.			52,521.		53,309.		54,817.		44,338.		43, 320.		23,779.		45,178.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	572	83	373	68	383	42	322	44	120	26	159	18	56	9	4,381	493
o	7	3	5	2	3	1	1	1	2	2	3	2			72	16
3 4 5	342	8	251	4	201	4	153	4	49	2	83	12	3		2,369	52
	217		200	1	181		290		226		295	1	108		4,143	7
6	177		143		130		164		189	1	151		88		3,013	1
7	189		146		118		176		189		033		181		2,787	
8	8		14		9		10		4		44		20		372	
9	14	2	20	1	3		2	1	7		6	1			127	12
10	1,600	6	1,055		799		919		671		874	1	1,004		20,374	12
11	256		464	3	132	2	105		80	1	76	1	36		2,519	13
12	252		153		153	1	187		171		145	1	285	3	2,842	15
13	30	1	15	1	27		22	1	15				8		355	5
14	48		32	1	32		33	2	44		23		13		330	4
15	74	8	95	4	50	8	77	7	21	1	9		9		348	29
16	213	2	448	8	417	2	226	2	172	1	26		2		1,963	19
17	26	2	4		3		7				1		3		60	2
18	127		66	2	32	5	51	1	25	1	27	1	21		399	11
19	147	4	210		205		171	1	124		56		21		1,201	5
20	651		486		260		541		325		124		19		3,460	
21	285		71	1	156		225		139		6?	1	68		3,006	8
22	136		140		117		314		73		112		100		1,393	
23	204		138		112		194		123		165		106		2,016	
24	42		29		32		27		12		13		10		301	
25	7		11		4	1	5		4		2		7		69	1
26	4		5		7		8		3		1		1		50	
27 28															2 67	
	11		g		14		6		12							
29	3		2		4		12		10		6		3		125	
30	6	2	2	1	1		2				1				14	3
31	4	1	7	3	10		2		9		11		10		89	5
32	10		14		20		8		7		21		6		104	
V,	6		4		2		2		3		5				38	
34	3		3		12		4				1				76	
35 36			4 392										1 121		7 3,596	4
	408	1		1	291	1	362		250		192	1				
37	661		772		451		469		246		233		79		4,630	
35	59		38		60		42		10		47		18		419	2
39 40 41 42	4 1		5		7		12 1 6 48				1				75 5 50 366	
																
			2 59		1 35				7 23		2 13					
	38												14			
43	63	3	50	4	44	2	43	4	26	1	15		13	1	399	24
44	27		10		11		22		18		15		9		166	
45	5		7		1		2		2		4		3		28	
46	59		51		76		153		46		53		17		508	
47	2		1 5		1		5						1			
48					g		11		12						100 15	
49	13								2							
																
	7,023	1 126	6,010	105	4,615	69	5,242	68	3,471	36	3,310	40	2,464	13	68,840	743
22 
170
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXVIL—DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON—Continued.
					1862.					----
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		V	-
									44,335.	
	' 70,086.		51, 878.		16,840.		35,055.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 116 4 3 1
	12,219 4 18 269 17 4 7	64 2 1 1	6,393 1 17 96 7 2 4	34 1 1 2 2	2,667 1 7 26 1	18	7,036	54	8,390 1 27 217 4 7 4 23 48 150 16	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diteascs of Nervous System.										
							17 128 5 8 1 8 15 99 9 1 22 1 2 72	1		
										
										
										
					1					
										
	22 188 5 59 44 8 4 141 6 2 17 36 37 4 31 10 1	1 3	1 91 2 25 22 2 2 53 6							
				1 1	34 5					
										
										
					7 1				11 3 1 160 7 3 26 73 21 10 19 6	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
					27 2					
							1			
							3 7 24 3 1 14 7			
			9 19 15 3 3 2		1 4 2 2 3					
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
										
71. Otorrhcea..............................										
72. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
74. Valvular Disease of Heart...........................							4		12 1 1 3 4	
75. Dropsy from Heart Disease..........................										
							1 2	1		
77. Inflammation of Pericardium.............	3 3 1 49 55 16 34 568 37		6 1 2 12 21 4 13 233 15							
78. Inflammation of Endocardium................					2	1				
79. Inflammation of Veins......................							1 15 24 7 14 227 15			
					8 7 2 10 78 9			1	.....48' 50 8 44 909 42 1 25 64 128 17 164 210 610 78	1 1 7 1
										
82. Other Diseases of this Order...............										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs. 83. Asthma.............................										
84. Acute Bronchitis.......................										
85. Chronic Bronchitis...................										
86. Dropsy of Chest.......................										
87. Haemorrhage from Nose..................	14 39 58 95 8 25 384 648 240	3 2	12 11 24 43 13 15 173 183 108	1 1	2 4 4 16 5 8* 94 47 42		14 27 180 76 27 8-3 225 344 134	1 1		
88. Inflammation of Larynx............										
89. Inflammation of Lungs..............										
90. Inflammation of Pleura............										
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs.........										
92. Other Diseases of this Order............										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs: 93. Colic.......................										
94. Constipation....................										
95. Cholera Morbus......................										
96. Cirrhosis of Liver..................										
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease............	9 204		4 143				1 97		4 108	
98. Dyspepsia................					40					
99. Diseases of Pancreas___										
100. Diseases of Spleen.....	9 4 96 5		1 3 80 o		o 2 23 2					
101. Tistulain Ano.......							4 54 3		7 94 5	1
102. Hernia............										
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach...										
Carried forward.....										
	15,757	77	7,896	44	3,198	19	9,003	59	11,936	1 135
---------------------------_										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
171
TABLE XXVIL—DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON—Continued.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
51,862.			52,521.		53,309.		54,817.		44,338.		43,320.		23,779.		45,178.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	7,023	126	6,010	105	4,615	69	5,242	68	3,471	36	3,310	40	2,464	13	68,840	743
50 51	4 37	3	5 33	1 1			4 31	1	1 17	1	2 9			1	23 245	6 6
					24								8			
52	164		133		129		235		157		182		106		3,842	
53	4		5		5		4		2		3		1		58	
54	4	2	10	8	6	2	2	2	2	1	4	3		1	49	27
55	1		7	3	1		2	1	2	2	2	1	1		33	13
56 57 58	8 25 236		19 10 195		6 17 351		1 11 181				1 8 95		1		67 164 1,618	1
									7 133							
													65			
59	11	1	11		8		6		1		3	1	2		79	2
60											3		4		92	2
61	44		81		13	1	33	2	9		7		5		298	7
62 63 64	3		7 3 158		4 1 137		3 4 125		3						35 17 1,288	
																
	161								88		97		60			
65	4		2				2		1		1		2		34	
66	3		3		2		3		2		4		4		29	
67	12		7		10		7		2		5		6		109	
68	84		54		61		88		32		43		34		552	
69	32		25		27		8		3		4		3		180	
70 71	13 31		12 36		9 33		8 39		2 17		1 23				65 266	
													17			
72 73 74	7 1 20		3		4		1 1 15						1		41 4 118	1 3
								1 2			1 5					
			30		14	1			14				4			
75 76 77	2	1	2 2 5		2		5 1 6	1	1 1 4	1	1 1 1				14 7 42	1 1 2
																
	7				5											
78	4										1				15	1
79 80	3 51				1 26				1 • 19						9 356	
			45				47				22		14			
81	79		48		31		48		20		13		12		408	
82	6	2	9		5		5	1	4		1		2		69	4
83	70		54		34		32		16		15		13		349	
84	1,074	2	950	3	847		1,045		749	1	322		133		7,135	7
85	49		123		85		113		54		52		21		615	
86 87 88	4 33 41	1 1			1 11 41								2		8 143 475	1 4
			16 100			1	7 84	1	4 33		5 21					
													10			
89	194	35	243	31	194	32	254	24	159	20	62	6	41	2	1,541	161
%	128		99		76		93	1	60		52		25		835	2
91	26		18		12		16	1	13		6		7	1	168	2
92	578	1	383	1	415		292		117		38		33		2,151	3
93	190		124		91		146		95		92		91		1,915	
94	560		365		296		263		202		234		112		3,863	
95	54		5		9		17		9		4		43		743	4
m 97													4		4 52	
	2		3						7		2					
98	148		124		68		139		103		83		40		1,297	
99 100 101																
			5 8		3 8				1 9		1 2				22 CO	
	6						4						3			
102	116		114		85		71		33		35		23		824	1
103	4		4		6		1		1				1		34	
	11,361	175	9,708	153	7,640	106	8,754	106	5,681	62	4,879	51	3,427	18	99,300	1,005
 
172
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XXVIL—DEPARTMENT OF  WASHINGTON—Concluded.
Year............
MONTU...........

Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
               Brought forward......................

  ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.

104. Haemorrhage from Bowels.........................
105. Inflammation of Tonsils...........l...............
106. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
107. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum.......................
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver.......................
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
111. Jaundice..........................................
112. Piles..............................................
113. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
 ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.

114. Stone and Gravel..................................
115. Diabetes..........................................
116. Bright's Disease..................................•
117. Diseases of Prostate...............................
118. Diseases of Testis.................................
119. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
120. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
121. Incontinence of Urine.............................
122. Hydrocele........................................
123. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
Order VIH.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries...................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess.......
132. Boils.........
133. Carbunclo.....
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
CLASS  V.
-WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS,  AND
     INJURIES.
      Order I.—Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns........................................
137. Contusions...................................
138. Concussion of Brain..........................
139. Drowning....................................
140. Sprains......................................
141. Dislocation..................................
142. Simple Fractures.............................
143. Compound Fractures..........................
144. Gunshot Wounds.............................,
145. Incised Wounds...............................
146. Lacerated Wounds............................
147. Punctured Wounds............................
148. Poisoning.....................................
149. Other Accidents and Injuries.................,
150. Order H.—Homicide.........................
151. ORDER HI.—Suicide.
152. ORDER IV.—Execution of Sentence .

               Total.................
1862.
July.
70,086.
Cases.  Deaths.
15,757
114
 34
 28
  2
 93
 22
194
146
132
170
119
 26
 29
222
 10
153
  3
17,740
77
August.
51,878.
Cases.  Deaths
7,896
 40
 21
  2
  3
 39
 35
168
110
 42
101
 40
 22
 11
 77
  4
130
16
36
2,609
   24
  163
   13
    9
   13
11,684
44
205
September.
16,840.
Cases.  Deaths,
3,198
19
October.
35,055.
Cases.  Deaths.
9,063
59
 74
 57
 14
  3
 14
  9
307
 78
 86
3,599
22
132
 95
  6
 18
 33
10,453
November.
44,335.
67
'*» 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
173
TABLE XXVIL—DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON—Concluded.
1862.					1863.											
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
53,862.			52,521.		53,309.		54,817.		44,338.		43, 320.		23,779.		45,178.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	11,361	175	9,708	153	7,640	106	8,754	106	5,681	62	4,879	51	3,427	18	99, 300	1,005
104 105	10 390		7 339		7 219		8 347		1 244	1	3 134				54 2,326	1
													73			
106	25		13		13		8		13		9	1	13		233	2
107	17	1	16	2	9		11		4		6	1	37		159	5
108 109	4 25	I			2 17	2	1 3		2 13		3 5	2			24 260	12
			15										16			
110	21		19		14		19		9		7		4		204	
111	791		610		402		297		156		132		22		4,167	
112	254		189		172		165		144		108		58		1,666	
113	32		147		68		120	.....:■■	9		23		13		739	
114 115 116 117 118	4 3 7 3 9		20 1 10	1	7 1 3 2 13		6		4 1 1		4				66 22 38 11 89	1
																
							9				3 3 6					
																
			15				11		3				2			
119	29		47		34		24		13		6		5		315	1
120 121	16 25		8 28		7 26		11 17		2 9		7 5				102 153	
													3			
122	5		10		6		9		5		1		3		52	
123	20		18		7		9		4		3		3		235	
124 125 126	2 5 29		1 4 30		3 1 24		2 7 16		1		1				13 22 156	
													1 5			
									8		6					
127 128	1 8		1 11		1 7										3 53	
							5		7		3		1			
129 130	6		1 2		2 1				2		2				25 11	
							2									
131	136		87		64		80		58	2	100		74		1,156	2
132	147		121		95		157		102		124		61		1,209	
133	22		8		8		6		6		9		4		140	
134	39		27		27		34		19		18		12		205	
135	62		50		49		87		57		40		20		763	
136	26		33		16		20		10		17		9		194	
137	107		118		69		71		87		108		88	1	1,138	1
138 139 140	1		2								1				13	2 7
						3						3				
	117		134		85		142		117		129		81		1,065	
141	12		8		10		8		5		6		7		100	
142	9		13		4		10		11		12		5		140	4
143 144	2 44	3	2 110	2	2 37				1 80	10	5 58	7	2 11		17 3,142	181
						2	55	2								
145	70		71		42		64		37		51		12		C06	
146	49		16	1	16		4		10		8		18		386	3
147	10		13		8		15		9		12	1	4		134	4
148	2	2	1	1	3		6		3		3		7		73	3
149	55	2	20	1	35		23	8	14		6		37	28	345	37
150 151 152						1 1		2 2				1				4 G 1
																
																
																
	14,012	184	12,104	161	9,278	115	10,643	120	6,968	75	6,066	67	4,118	41	121, S84	1,282
 
174
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
                 TABLE  XXVIII.

Abstract of  the  Sickness  and  Mortality
Year.............................
Month...........................

Meam Strength.................
          LIST OF DISEASES
1802.
July.
106,069.
August.
69,320.
September.
149,052.
October.
171,258.
November.
  172,271.
Cases.  Deaths.
   CLASS  I.—ZYMOTIC  DISEASES.
       Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever..............................
Typhus Fever...............................
Typho-Malarial Fever.......................
Yellow Fever...............................
Remittent Fever............................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever................
Tertian Intermittent Fever..................
Quartan Intermittent Fever...................
Congestive Intermittent Fever................
Acute Diarrhoea..............................
Chronic Diarrhoea............................
Acute Dysentery.............................
Chronic Dysentery...........................
Erysipelas...................................
Small-pox and Varioloid......................
Measles.....................................
Scarlet Fever................................
Diphtheria...................................
Mumps.......................................
Epidemic Catarrh............................
Other Diseases of this Order..................
       Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.
S yphilis.....................................
Gonorrhoea...................................
Orchitis......................................
Stricture of the Urethra.......................
Purulent Ophthalmia.  ......................
Serpent Bite.................................
Other Diseases of this Order..................
           Order III.—Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy................................
30. Purpura..............................
31. Delirium Tremens.....................
32. Inebriation............................
33. Chronic Alcoholism....................
34. Other Diseases of this Order...........
 CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL  DISEASES.
           Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout............................................
36. Acute Rheumatism...............................
37. Chronic Rheumatism.............................
38. Anaemia.........................................
39. General Dropsy...................................
40. Cancer............................................
41. Tumors..........................................,
42. Other Diseases of this  Order.......................
          Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption......................................
44. Scrofula..........................................
45. Other Diseases of this  Order.......................
    CLASS  III.—PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch..........................................
47. Tape-worm................................
48. Other Intestinal Worms.......................
49. Other Diseases of this Order..............
938
 11
743
Cases.  Deaths.
  38
  12
,954

 120
  86
  61
  21
1,139
    3
1,165
  644
   47
   52
    1
   11
107
 27
Carried forward......................... 30 437
121
  4
19
219
348
  3
275
Cases.  Deaths.
1,100
  627
  503
   42
   38
6,657
1,410
  770
   74
   47
 30
818

 65
 63
 23
291
  1
414
377
 78
 35
 36
  7
 19

 35
 13
15
14,246
71
330
  7
446
Cases.  Deaths.
 1,568
 1,446
   838
   177
   40
13, 746
 1,992
 1,216
   180
   59
   13
   91
1,339

  207
  467
   41
   17
107
 12
954
995
151
 34
42
26, 741
984
 17
534
 2,064
 2,110
 1,689
   307
   127
16,527
 2,678
 2,029
   292
   63
    1
   239
    2
   32
   48
   708
   728

   362
   610
   78
   19
    5
    2
   13

   84
    2
   11
   25
    4
1,622
1,742
  358
   53
    5
   24
   25

  14G
   43
   10


   58
36, 536
101
  1
 11
205 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
175
     TABLE XXVIII.



of the Army of the Potomac.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
213,043.			200,714.		175,856.		176,638.		149,182.		128,009.		106, 967.		151,531.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths^	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	1,388	287	1,195	192	757	141	767	173	468	86	217	50	198	7	8,442	1,323
2	6	2	51	11	43	15	35	10	10	5	16	2	2		208	51
3 4 5	899	57	906	38	509	32	418	33	279	17	300	7	213	5	6,044	223
	1,670	11	1,790	3	1,401	6	1,325	17	1,177	2	1,081	4	824	1	18,184	106
6	1,026	1	870		510	1	539		536		621		450		10, 919	9
7	762	2	819		477	1	544		480		559		309		9,383	4
8	219	2	70		77		36		78	1	48		45		1,290	3
9	40	5	41	10	34		27	11	31	1	42	4	12		5.18	61
10	12,043	5	10,874		7,560	8	6,478	4	3,757	3	6,272		3,513	1	114,129	39
11	2,728	111	2,660	78	2,012	60	1,502	60	954	23	580	13	461	4	20, 3C2	441
12	1,640	17	1,540	4	1,097	5	849	9	481	1	781	3	426	2	13,949	93
13	398	15	319	15	210	5	123	6	82		46		20		2,315	60
14	142	1	132	2	106	2	137	2	93	1	55	1	51	1	1,027	11 «
15	12	2	30	5	42	5	37	4	104	6	9	2	12		255	24
16	115	5	203	10	212	5	305	4	42	1	19	1	26		1,341	28
17 18	1 30	11	2 36				o 42	2	2 24						12 240	1 29
				3	39	3				2	7	1	10	1		
19	97		73		55		93		94		47		29		647	1
20	2,727		2,213		1,403		1,778		1,140		321		120		12,039	
21	441	14	234	5	184	........	183	2	313	1	152	1	57		6,711	71
22	328		247	1	218		197		136		89		88		2,302	1
23	407		187		173		211		153		80		131		2,980	
24	56		93		58		39		39		24		21		593	
2.j	25		27		28		18		8		12		7		209	
26	10		25		23		4		12		3		5		93	
27 28 29													1 1 21		5 59 2,377	1 6
	10 137	1	18 166		4 120	1 1	5 79		3 59							
											37					
30	4		7	1	10	2	13		14	1	1		2		56	4
31 32	2 15	1 1	5 22	1	9 10	2 2	5 30		4 10	1			2		65 135	6 6
											6					
33 34	3 46	1 4	6 15	1	3 30						4 1		2 8	1	23 155	2 5
							6									
35 36	3 2,219	3	8 2,596				6 1,350		2 1,029	2	T 2 735		1 342		43 15,795	8
				1	1,742	1										
37	2,210	1	2,648		1,877		1,708		1, 051	1	675	1	324		15, 831	5
38	336	3	358	6	300	2	277	4	231		235		129		2,752	19
39	64	1	47	4	48		47	1	22	1	22		8		472	8
40 41 42	2 11 32	1	8 18 39		4 16 20		10 17 36		4 19 17		2 10 11				73 153 402	4
																
												1	1			
43	197	26	190	18	155	17	193	16	88	2	37	4	28		1,354	107
44	49		72		77		70		43		39		18		512	
45 46	6 105	2	1 98		4 123		8 114		3 70		3 53				36 698	2
													28			
47	4		5		3		4				2		1		34	
48 49	24 7		50 6	1	35		23 1		10		11				309 15	1
													1			
						317										
	32,696	593	31,020	410	21,884		19, 671	358	13,172	158	13,269	95	7,951	23	275, r,44	2.7G3
 
176
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XXVIIL—ARMY OF THE POTOMAC—Continued.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
 50.
 51.
 52.
 53.
 54.
 55.
 56.
 57.
 58.
 59.
 60.
 61.

 62.
 63.
 64.
 65.
 66.
 67.

 68.
 69.
 70.
 71.
 72.

 73.
 74.
 75.
 76.
 77.
 78.
 79.
 80.
 81.
 62.

 83.
 84.
 85.
 86.
 87.
 88.
 89.
 90.
 91.
 92.

 93.
 94.
 95.
 96.
 97.
 98.
 99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
            Brought forward..................

    CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES.

    Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
Apoplexy.....................................
Epilepsy......................................•
Headache......................................
Insanity......................................■
Inflammation of Brain..........................
Inflammation of Membranes of Brain............
Inflammation of Spinal Chord...................
Nostalgia......................................
N euralgia......................................
Paralysis......................................
Sun-stroke.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
         Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
Amaurosis.....................................
Cataract.......................................
Inflammation of Conjunctiva....................
Inflammation of Iris............................
Night Blindness................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
        Order III.—Diseases of Ear.
Earache.......................................
Inflammation of Internal Ear....................
Deafness.......................................
Otorrhoea......................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
ORDER IV.—Diseases of  Organs of Circulation.
Aneurism......................................
Valvular Disease of Heart......................
Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
Inflammation of Pericardium....................
Inflammation of Endocardium..................
Inflammation of Veins..........................
Varicose Veins.................................
Varicocele.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
  ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
Asthma........................................
Acute Bronchitis...............................
Chronic Bronchitis.........................t...
Dropsy of Chest...............................
Haemorrhage from Nose........................
Inflammation of Larynx........................
Inflammation of Lungs.........................
Inflammation of Pleura.........................
Haemorrhage from Lungs.......................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
   Order VI.—Diseases of  Digestive Organs.
Colic..........................................
Constipation.................
Cholera Morbus..............
Cirrhosis of Liver............
Dropsy from Hepatic Disease.
Dyspepsia...................
Diseases of Pancreas.........
Diseases of Spleen...........
Fistula in Ano................
Hernia.......................
Haemorrhage from Stomach...
Carried forward.
1862.
July.
106,069.
Cases.  Deaths.
32,437
  5
 40
429
 15
  2
  2
 18
243
 28
 73
 41

 10
  1
136
  7
 18
 27

 58
 41
 14
 27
  1
  66
 114
  41

  46
,099
  60
   1
   9
  25
  67
 135
  26
  50

 865
 656
 329
 30
422
 11
 13
314
  4
38,075
219
August.
69,320.
September.
Cases.  Deaths.
14,246
  7
 16
132
  5
  1
136
 13
 53
 19

  5
  1
 59
  5
 18
 19

 36
 14
  3
 13
  1
  3
  2
  7
 30
 40
 19

 13
462
 25
 12
 20
 26
 69
  9
 14

567
468
334
  6
158
  5
  4
138
  7
17,241
71
93
149, 052.
Cases.  Deaths
26,741
  4
 54
371
 32
  2
  7
254
 15
 48
 81

 11
  4
168
  6
 33
 13

 54
 12
 14
 27
  4
  7
  4
 69
 76
 47

 52
937
 74
  1
 13
 20
 59
144
 28
132

981
553
499
  9
330
  9
 22
233
  9
32,281
46
October.
171,258.
Deaths.
36,536
 11
 99
485
 26
 10
 16
 21
 51
463
 36
 13
 76

 15
 13
211
  9
 36
 19

126
 25
 15
 55
  5

  1
 34
  6
  1
 11
  8
  1
139
143
 37

 80
633
126
  4
 16
 55
149
218
 34
236

916
657
280
 37
430
 15
 28
501
 10
205
43,378 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 1863.
177
TABLE XXVIIL—ARMY THE POTOMAC—Continued.
1862.									1863.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
213,04a			200, 714.		175	856.	176,638.		149,182.		128,009.		106,967.		151,	531.
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	32,696	593	31,020	410	21,884	317	19,671	358	13,172	158	13,269	95	7,951	23	275,544	2,763
50	13	6	15	5	11	8	11	6	3	2	5	1	9		102	48
51	88	3	98	1	78	1	73	2	53	1	24		24		726	17
52	608		635		434		480		399		372		262		4,946	
53	21	1	21		16		25		10	1	9		9		199	4
54	8	9	9	6	13	7	8	3	6	2	6	4	3	1	72	41
55 56	4 18	1	3 15	1	5 14	2	8 26	1	1 12	1	3 6				58 130	9 1
													1			
57	49		56	2	58	1	54	1	25		11		1		389	4
58	553		658		418		363		309		236		147		4,213	
59	39	3	38		29	1	30		24	2	10		12		307	9
60 61									3 18	1	22 24		230 17		442 511	2 14
	72	8	46	3	40	1	37									
62	22		24		17		20		11		13		2		159	
63 64	4 386	.......	8 327		7 290		4 256		13 242		2 165				62 2,578	
													93			
65	29		15		20		19		10		11		5		145	
66	39		39		28		29		55		81		53		456	
67	38		42		37		23		7		7		6		263	
68	155		142		126		105		79		46		42		1,084	
69	21		15		12		20		17		4		3		195	
70	46		35		37		15		11		6		3		219	
71	54		55		41		34		32		8		6		383	
72 73	1 3	1	8 2		3 2		3 3	—— —	1 3		2 2				27 32	1 40
																
74	47	12	57	6	82	4	70	2	68	1	30	2	16		448	
	17	3	20	3	17		9		11		3				87	<5
76 77	4 8	1	9 33	2 1	4 23	1 1	4 25		2 21	1	2 6	1 1			27 148	4 7
													2			
78	14	3	11	1	5		g		3	1			1			10
79 80	1 142		2 177		3 147		1 98		3 98						23 1 222	
											76		61			
81	116		118		84		60		40		32		25		952	
82	26	2	21	3	41		9	1	4	1	13		3		276	18
83	141		231	2	108	1	147		99		43		34		1,089	3
84	2,660	1	2,461	3	1,864	2	2,697	2	1,427		623		250		16,634	9
85	424	1	473		389		492	1	338		72		44		2,773	2
86 87	6 30	2	4 17		8 19		12 22	2	5 24		1 11				43 209	4
													8			
88	223	1	221	1	190		290	1	146		67		20		1,391	6
89	525	61	478	43	384	51	468	59	229	18	302	7	57	2	2,778	261
90	350	3	517		287		350	1	254	1	140		73	2	2,830	9
91	61	1	66		50		44	2	44		25	1	6		443	4
92	1,207	6	1,088	2	724		863	2	704	1	230		47	1	5,694	14
93	692		687		449		326		306		283-		299		7,017	2
94	1,047		1,172		807		945		649		657		409		9,130	
95	114	1	100		49		42		59		70		90	1	2,108	20
96	4		10	1	2				1		3	1	1		22	2
97	51	2	69	2	47	2	46	1	33		15		5		392	7
98	476	1	512		426		435		297		250		124		4,339	1
99	2		1		1		7								12	
100	6		17		3		3	......	1		3		1		81	
101	24		23		22		22		19		24		17		235	
102	444	1	410		300		275		163		90		57		3,240	o
103 !	9		6		8	1	8		1		1		1		77	2
	43,838	727	42, 337	498	30,163	401	29,096	445	19,565	192	17,216	113	10,530	30	357,033	3,346
23 
178
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XXVIIL—ARMY OF  THE POTOMAC—Concluded.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
              Brought forward......................
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
104. Haemorrhage from Bowels......
105. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
106. Inflammation of Stomach......
107. Inflammation of Bowels.......
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum...
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver ...
130. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
111. Jaundice.....................
112. Piles.........................
113. Other Diseases of this Order...
 Order VTI.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.

114. Stone and Gravel...................................
115. Diabetes..........................................
116. Bright's Disease....................................
117. Diseases of Prostate...............................,
118. Diseases of Testis.................................
119. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
120. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
121. Incontinence of I'rino..............................
122. Hydrocele.........................................
123. Other Diseases of this Order........................
Order V1U.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries......................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess.......
132. Boils.........
133. Carbuncle---
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
  CLASS V.—WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS,  AND
                    INJURIES.

      Order I.—Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Bums......................._»..................
137. Contusions.......................................
138. Concussion of Brain...............................
139. Drowning.........................................
140. Sprains...................____-.-.................
141. Dislocation.......................................
142. Simple Fractures........................ ........
143. Compound Fractures..............................
144. Gunshot Wounds..................................
145. Incised Wounds...................................
146. Lacerated Wounds................................
147. Punctured Wounds................................
148. Poisoning.........................................
149. Other Accidents and Injuries.......................
150. Order U.—Homicide.............................
151. Order HI.—Suicide..............
152. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence.
Total..................................  42,911
1862.
July.
106,069.
Cases.  Deaths.
38,075
194
 65
 37
  6
 62
 60
329
398
214
260
155
 69
 41
250
 28
161
1,790
  133
   97
   13
   35
   87
240
114
August.
69,320.
Cases.  Deaths.
17,241
 69
 40
 25
  2
 66
 20
322
266
111
156
114
 38
 26
 98
 12
146
1,744
   54
   70
   17
   12
   23
20,836
93
147
251
September.
149,052.
Cases.  Deaths.
32,281
172
125
 35
  5
 72
110
430
437
210
260
297
 55
 70
192
 34
235
  7
7,905
  127
  184
  161
   14
   91
43,752
63
636
 6
28
745
October.
171,258.
Cases.  Deaths
43,378
 13
255
142
 53
  9
 90
 89
844
611
204
19
  3
 23
124
 49
 36
 13
 82
542
398
 72
 57
154
93
196
  9
 32
  2
207
136
 59
 34
 15
 47
48,573
234
51
308
 November.

   172,271.

Cases.  Deaths,

33,313
   39
  303
   69
   29
   4
   61
  143
1,853
  589
  137
 21
  5
 11
  4
 32
102
 26
 61
 13
 40
412
535
 53
 90
157
217
  3
262
 15
 32
  3
262
127
 54
 23
  7
 67
39,340 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
179
TABLE XXVIIL—ARMY OF THE POTOMAC—Concluded.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
213,043.			200,714.		175,	856.	176,638.		149,182.		128,009.		106,967.		151,	531.
—	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	43,838	727	42,337	498	30,163	401	29,096	445	19,565	192	17,210	113	10,530	30	357,033	3,346
104	30	3	41	1	35		22	1	18	1	13		4		215	7
105	431		525		402		522	1	340		122		82		3,417	2
106	80	2	96	2	70	1	71		58	1	35		25		896	10
107	40	2	62	2	57	o	82	4	32	2	21		9		482	25
108 109	12 79	2 3	19 111	2 1	9 77	2	10 97	1	7 53	1	4 44				87 834	14 7
												1	22			
no	48		64		60		58		39		35		15		741	3
111	1,604	5	1,123	1	529	1	562		251		171		113		8,131	9
112	746		842		622		520		376		280		255		6,142	1
113	120	10	140	1	82		57	1	49		103	1	66	1	1,493	22
114	26		50		28		32		21		18		13		237	
115	13		18		10	1	18	2	5	1	2		1		103	4
116	33	1	32		35	2	35		25	1	14		6		200	4
117 118	1 40		5 48		1 28		5 34		1 25						20 245	
											11		4			
119	119	1	144		101		117		69	1	39		18		946	2
120	40	1	36		29		32		20		8		4		315	4
121	80		73		64		66		44		22		32		490	
122	11		14		21	1	11		10		2		4		128	1
123	33	1	38	1	19	1	22	1	22		18		1		461	7
124	10		12		8		12		9		10		2		91	
125	7		9		9		18		10		12		1		77	
126	40		51		61		65		67		28		27		401	
127 128	7 21		8 19		5 22		6 22		2 11		4 6				36 124	
													10			
129	15		20		20		17		10		6		2		139	
130	3		6		8		6		13		12		1		71	
131	401		284		249		257		243		249		179		3,492	
132	604		622		455		525		366		419		287		4,777	
133	69		52		52		64		41		28		22		615	
134	158		181		102		139		100		51		48		1,063	
135	206		216		161		200		88		118		77		1,917	
136	141	1	158		84		107		117		67		42		971	1
137	391	1	374		250		328		225		323	1	168	1	3,006	4
138	12		9	3	3		8	1	3		4	1	1	1	59	7
139 140				2								1				4
	319		384 H		329		366		442		270		167		2,861	
141	22		36		19		23		18	1	18		4		193	1
142	41		48		29		36		28		30		18		373	1
143	30	3	3	2	1		4		3		17		2		65	5
144	7,908	461	180	8	107	3	157	7	249	15	5,028	328	516	48	26,053	1,852
145	244		343		239		268		213		88		109		2,081	1
146	164	10	62		56		60		37	1	30	4	23	1	896	32
147	33		27		13		28	1	19		22		28		418	34
148	31		17	1	19	1	24		22		41		41		278	2
149	132	4	85	5	153	3	111	2	81		84	2	86		1,047	26
150 151 152		1 7														2 20 3
				1		1		1		1		3				
														3		
																
	58,433	1,246	49,024	531	34,896	420	34,320	468	23,447	218	25,143	455	13,045	85	433,720	5,463
 
180
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE XXIX.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					18(	*2.				—
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	12,966.		11,055.		16,699.		17,985		18 (P»	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 26
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	68	1	75 1 111	6	40	6	152 1	15	152	
										
	8			4	84	1		3	70	12
										
	527 203 35	2 1	250 84 235 19 5 637 52 73 3 1	2 3 2	206 155 329 11 16 1,405 158 105 18 4	1 1 2 1	568 261 322 8 28 1,836 261 237 39 6	4 1 1 1 3 4	468 202 312 28 3 886 153 L98 42 7	11 2 i 6
										
										
										
	20 G45 66 87 16 4	8 5 3								
										
										
										
										
										
										
	1		11						45	4
										
									3 9 135 36 28 73 16 4	
			1		2 3 236 22 104 17 2			1 10		
	3 253 24 47 10 7					2	21 230 32 99 35 3			
		2	245 40 111 10 7	1						
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis............................................										
										
24. Orchitis.............................................										
										
										
27. Serpent Bite........................................	1									
									7 6	
Order IH.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................	24		22		12		1			
										
	2 1				8 1					
										
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.							%			
	106 57 20 20		35 65 11 2		89 99 2 2 1 1		213 111 77		160 103 58 3 1 3 2 32	1 6
										
										
										
										
										
	16 g 5						8 4 10	1		
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.		1	15 8		20 2					
										
										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch..........................................									2 5	
47. Tape-worm..........................										
48. Other Intestinal Worms............. ■			31		G		16			
49. Other Diseases of this Order...............										
				i						
	2,294	23	2,140	18	3,220	14	4,579	44	3,256	72
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1863.
181
       TABLE XXIX.



of the Department of  Virginia.
	186Q								1863.							
December.			JANUARY.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
28,382.			23,218. |		43,153.		38,483.		42,491.		42,086.		36,511.		27, 638.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 1	Cases	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.,	Cases.	Deaths.
l	141	19	131	10	274	30	207	38	171	17	107	11	151	4	1,669	163
o			1		1	1	2	2	o		0		7		17	6
3 4 5	122	6	226	13	239	9	304	4	378	2	262	1	371	4	2,175	59
	597	10	384	1	294	2	249		242		248		435	2	4,528	35
6	336		184		223		181		242		356		358		2,785	2
7	270		181		280		254		205		328		323		3,074	
8	21		5		7		1		6		9		13		128	
9 10	33 959	1 1	21 615	2 1			7 866	1	6 888	1			12 2,454	2	151 15,116	19 6
					1,545						2,380					
11	189	30	257	1	266	5	124	4	50		122		294		1,992	27
12	175	3	99		185	2	214		215		940	1	548	2	3,076	21
13	21	2	103		40		36		12		33		117	2	480	14
14	23		23		46		26		26	2	40		19		225	2
15	23	2	13	1	4		4		11	2	19	1	6	1	80	7
16	100		31	1	139	4	145	7	362	2	82		13		729	18
17 18					3 7		2 27	3	3 6						8 88	5
	14		12	1							8	1	11			
19	63		45		47		44		102		46		8		367	1
20	424		181		460		358		164		46		78		1,873	
21 22	50 85		49 73		123 107		19 77	1	3 76				2 46		1,243 686	16
											76					
23	• 200		98		99		106		172		102		103		1,314	
24	33		. 23		13		10		12		7		11		197	
25	9		7		7		14		5		4		3		72	
26 27 28	9		3		3 1 1						2		2		19 2 22	
																
	6		2				2		1		2		1			
29 30 31 32 33 34	3				24 2		4				5 1 2 2 o		63 2		164 6 24 31 17 11	1 1
									1 1 5 1							
	9 12 5 1						2	3								
		1	1		3 1 10								6 4			
							4									
																
35 36	1 253		1 191						1 201		2 216				5 2,288	1
					413		274					1	137			
37	192		211		374		206		251		123		137		1,929	
38	45		43		57	1	29		16		42		22		422	2
39	6		3	1	9		2		6		3		18		83	1
40 41					2 3										4 33	
	7		1				9		2		1		6			
42 43	2 34				18 38	1	11 31				2 24	1	2 14		61 248	1 19
			12	2				5	15	3						
44	19		G		15		11		6		8		6		98	
45 46	3 42														3 444	
			62		71		118		58		43		48			
47	1		1		4		1		1		2		2		14	
48	5		5		5		3		12	.*..	7		9		84	
49																
__						....... 1"										
	4,543	55	3,304	34	5,463	55	3,984	46	3,737	30	5,706	19	5,802	17	48,088	427
 
182
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XXIX—DEPARTMENT OF  VIRGINIA—Continued
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength.
1862.
LIST OF  DISEASES.
              Brought forward....................
       CLASS  IV.—LOCAL  DISEASES.

       Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
50. Apoplexy.......................................
51. Epilepsy........................................
52. Headache.......................................
53. Insanity........................................
54. Inflammation of Brain...........................
55. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain.............
56. Inflammation of Spinal Chord....................
57. Nostalgia.......................................
58. Neuralgia......................................
59. Paralysis.......................................
60. Sun-stroke......................................
61. Other Diseases of this Order.....................
            Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
62. Amaurosis......................................
63. Cataract........................................
64. Inflammation  of Conjunctiva.....................
65. Inflammation  of Iris............................■
66. Night Blindness.................................
67. Other Diseases of this Order.....................
            Order III.—Diseases of Ear.
68. Earache.......................................
69. Inflammation of Internal Ear...................
70. Deafness.......................................
71. Otorrhcea......................................
72. Other Diseases of this Order....................
    Order  IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
73. Aneurism......................................
74. Valvular Disease of Heart......................
75. Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
76. Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
77. Inflammation of Pericardium...................
78. Inflammation of Endocardium..................
79. Inflammation of Veins..........................
80. Varicose Veins.................................
81. Varicocele.....................................
82. Other Disoases of this Order....................
      Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma........................................
84. Acute Bronchitis...............................
85. Chronic Bronchitis.............................
86. Dropsy of Chest...............................
87. Haemorrhage from Nose........................
88. Inflammation of Larynx........................
89. Inflammation of Lungs.........................
90. Inflammation of Pleura.........................
91. Haemorrhage  from Lungs.......................
92. Other Diseases of this Order....................
      Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic..........................................
94. Constipation...................................
95. Cholera Morbus................................
96. Cirrhosis of Liver..............................
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease...................
98. Dyspepsia.....................................
99. Diseases of Pancreas...........................
100. Diseases of Spleen.............................
101. Fistula in Ano..................................
102. Hemia........................................
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach.....................
JULY.
12,966.
Cases.
2,294
Deaths.
August.
11,055.
10
Cases.
2,140
Deaths.
 17
  3
 21
 27
  2
 10

108
117
 23
20
Carried forward.
2,865
September.
16, 699.
Cases.
3,220
  2
 10
 10
  5
  2

133
103
 43
24
20
2,699
Deaths.
October.
17,985.
Cases.
4,579
44
89
53
  4
154
  3
 19
 19

  3
182
 19
118

140
195
111
23
3,867
53
4,135 
DURING  THE  YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1863
183
TABLE XXIX.—DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA—Continued.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
28,382.			23,218.		43,153.		38,483.		42,491.		42,086.		36, 511.		27, 638.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	4,543	55	3,304	34	5,463	55	3,984	46	3,737	30	5,706	19	5,862	17	48,088	427
50 51	1 12	1	1 13		2	o	1	1			1		3	2	10	6
					11	1	18		14		15		16		118	3
52	127		145		244		313		261		195		211		1,681	
53	11		8		8		4		2		6		1		57	1
54	5	3	1		2	3	2	2	4	3	1	1	1	1	24	14
55					4 2	1					1		3	1	15 25	7
							5		4							
	19	1	29		17		16		2				9		121	1
58	54		47		103		107		114		95		57		744	
59	7		2		6	1	10		2		2		4		44	2
60 61											6 8	1	19 12		34 244	
	31		6	1	2	1	10		2							3
62	5		4		4		3		1		2		2		28	
63 64	1 62		3 46				2 62		1 68						8 492	
					59						55		59			
65	9		5		4		8		7		1		1		42	
66	2		3		4		5		7		10		12		43	
67	2		2		11		8		2		4		2		89	
68	24		24		38		46		75		38		52		325	
69	7		2		4		3		6		1		9		41	
70	4		5	........	9		7		11		5		7		54	
71	10		8		9		21		17		6		5		98	
72 73 74			2 1 5		1 1 7		2								33 7 54	
	2 6								1 9							1
						2	13	2			4		3			4
75 76 77 78 79	1		2 1		2				1 2 1						6 4 10 4 15	
																
	2 1 6				2 1 1						1		1			
																
			1				1		3		1		2			
80	37		18		27		23		18		37		27		200	
81	16		21		21		17		24		26		23		176	
82 83	1 30	1			9 27				1 22		2 22		2 18	1	51 190	7
			13				35									1
84	307		323	1	690		692		503		318		125		3,644	1
85	59		59		90		96		112		33		17		519	
86 87	4 24		2 9			1									6 107	1
					18		6		7		18		4			
88	63		16		65		39		22		24		7		273	
89	62	3	28	3	108	5	64	3	67	4	40	1	15		460	22
9C	40		29		54	1	51		65	2	38		33	1	386	4
91	10		7		5		10		8		6		8		69	
92	116	1	26		128		99		108		76		4		775	2
93	80		120		124		111		87		138		152		1,327	
94	237		159		283		286		294		231		182		2,230	
95	21		46		12		14		15		97		S8		560	1
96 97			2 2												2 38	
	9				7		4		2		1		4			1
98	75		41		116		118		72		63		84		719	
99 100 101															2 11 32	
	5 5		2 5		1 3											
							2		1		4		4			
102	91		47		72		44		47	•	48		70		557	
103	2		5 ........		1		1		2		1		2		14	
	6,251	65	4,654	40	7,882	73	6,363	54	5,831	39	7,389	22	7,23?	23	64,906	511
 
184
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXIX.--DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA—Concluded.
					18(	>2. "				~	
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVEJ 18,6		
											
	12,966.		11,055.		16,699.		17,985.			29.	
											
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Coses.	Deaths.	Coses. 4,135 5 20 19 3	Deaths.	
	2,865	24	2,699	23	3,867	19	5,738	53 1		76	
Order VL—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.											
	11 10 2		17 4		13 12						
										■	
								1		*	
											
	17 3 44 23 16	1	6 4 65 30 20	1	6 7 61 45 13 2				3 18 123 71 38 2 2 15		
										1	
											
											
							171				
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.											
	1		1				4				
. .											
117 D^° f P											
" S6a ,											
	1 4		1 1		5 1				21		
											
" '									13 1		
	2 11		1 23		11 2						
							46				
Order VHI.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.									3 1 10		
											
	1										
											
											
			1				2	........	3 4 25 95 10 12 53 2 08 1		
											
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	26 14 6 5 11 1 7 1		39 25 5		38 22 19 2 38 1 24	1	203				
132. Boils.......................................-.......											
											
134. Whitlow.............................................											
			18								
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 136. Burns.. -^...........................................											
			19 1				23 1				
											
										1	
	14 3		1 2		3 5 4				34 1 8 2 25 22 4 1 1 o		
											
							5				
										1	
	14 18 3 5 1 9	H	5 12 6 1		18 8 7 2	1	28 19 1 3	4		0	
											
											
											
										1	
			7	~"	226	55	45			1	
										1	
											
											
						76	6,289		4,846	___	
	3,149	33	3,014	24	4,464			59		82	
											
 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING  JUNE 30, 1863.
185
TABLE XXIX.—DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA—Concluded.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	28,382		23,218.		43,153.		38,483.		42, 491.		42,086.		36,511.		27, 638.	
1	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. |	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 7,232	Deaths. 23	Cases.	Deaths. 511
	6,251 !	65	4,654	40	i 7,882	73	6,363	54	5,831	33	7,389	22			64,906	
104	11	1	9		4		7		3		4		5		48	2
105	95		109		171	1	121		136		GO		67		820	1
106	15		6		10		3		2		21	1	16	1	118	2
107	6	2	3		4		4	2	3		14	2	4		43	9
108 109	1 11	1	1 5		1 7		1 6		1 2						5 71	1 1
											4		4	........		
110	46		10		12		10		9		9		16		144	
111	166	1	109		171		64		90		57		60		1,030	1
312	100		78		115		79		101		103		105		850	
113	17		2		11	1	21	1	2		10		3		324	4
114	8		6		14		3		3		8		2		48	
115 116 117 lis	2 5 1 43				1 2										11 27 3 78	
			1				1						3			
											2 4					
			4		19		1		6				3			
119	4		11		20		11		11		15		31		131	
120	5		10		7		3		6		5		4		46	
121	10		10		11		14		13		3		4		78	
122	2		1		1		5		6		1		1		23	
1?3	2				2		4		7	1	3		2		111	1
124 125 126	5 4 27		4 19 12		G 5 12		3		2 1 6		1				26 32 86	
							1						1 7			
							5				6					
127 128 129			2 4 2						1 5 3						3 30 23	
	5 4				30 1		4 3				2 2					
													2			
130					1		1				2				8	
131	60		34		47		41		81		58		78		730	1
132	141		70 ........		133	........	92		101		134		99		926	
133 12			10 ........		12	1	10		4		4		12		104	1
134 25			12		33		27		26		13		14		1C9	
135	55		48		33		30		19		14		11		330	
136	20	1	21	1	15		17		10		5		4		96	2
137 44			66		70		85		48		63	1	58		551	1
138 9.			1		3		2								12	1 9
139								1	1			1	51	3		
140	92		52		99		68		81		102				617	
141	5		4		9	1	6		4		5		2		46	1
142	11		3		5		6		10		14		11		77 |........	
143 144	1 26	5	3 87				1 31	3	3 150	21	1 207				11 667	109
				10	30	6						42	46	R		
145	26		20		35		33		25		41		29		288	
14(i	3		7	1	9	1	6		4		15		7		72	3
147 348 149	5 7 4				4 2 10	2 1	5		7 1 4	1	7 8 3	1	6 3 1	2	46 24 334	2 2 60
		1	1 2	1												
							21									
150 151 152																
										2						2
	!				1											
	____ 7,383				t											
		77	5,513	53	9,055	87	7,259	62	6,828	64	8, 419	73	8,004	37	74,223	727
24 
186
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE  TROOPS
           TABLE XXX.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
			1862.							
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NoVEMBEIi.	
										
	10,039.		10,095.		10,535.		12,230.		14,912.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS |._ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	50	8	16 2 58	10	25	3	44 13 150	11 10 11	41 1 31	13 2 5
										
	36				87					
										
	236 100 54 2 5 416 35 44 2 4 1	2 4 3 1 1	253 356 229 8 12 308 43 26 2 2	5 8 1	371 763 -305 35 10 028 24 123 3 4	4 1 2 1 1	709 1,196 507 33 37 398 52 126 9 6	6 19 1 2	308 826 439 42 20 606 76 66 7 4	7 1 9 2 1 2
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
			1							
										
							5 12 33 47 51 69 8 1 2	3	1 16 30 8 45 69 10 2	1
	4				3					
										
	284 26 46 1 4	1	261 24 51 15 2	1	126 30 60 SO	2				
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis.............................................										
										
										
										
										
										
							1 3			
Order HI.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................	3		9		5				3	
										
	2		1 2	1			4 12	1	2 2	
					1					
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.									1 93 95 60 1	
	57 62		66 41 1 4		58 63 3		03 48 45 1			
										
										
	1	1								
										
	1 8 6 1	1	1 11 11 1				3		1	
					3 9 2					
Order H.—Tubercular Diseases.							13 2 2 4 1 1	2	15 2 9 9	3
										
										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch.............................										
										
	1		2		2				1	
49. Other Diseases of this Order........										
Carried forward...........										
	1,492	22	1,819	26	2,763	14	3,711	66	2,942	46
i-------------------------------------------------------										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1863.
187
          TABLE XXX.



of the Department of North Carolina.
1862.			1863-													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April. May.				June.		TOTAL.	
24,836.			32,641.		20,361.		22,700.		23,354.		20,962.		13,923.		18,049.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49	46	4	94	1	67 1 52	3	39 1 35	1	30 10 37	1	76 1 72	2	36	1	564 29 742	57 13 38
	6		63	7								6	115	6		
	230 656 298 22 8 910 78 182 15 12 10 3	1 4 2 3 2	224 670 332 67 18 1,259 232 177 59 15 2 22	5 1 2 1	186 349 210 14 29 531 68 62 2 22	1 1 2	188 394 265 44 18 553 49 97 8 12	1 1	191 391 234 8 2 1,075 36 227 5 14	1 2 1 2	301 622 352 6 4 1,709 137 322 17 9	2 1	223 545 302 2 1 1,197 101 176 6 5 1 8	2 1 1 1	3,420 6,868 3,527 273 164 9,590 931 1,648 135 109 14 416 2 63 230 2,124 1,147 447 851 125 27 16	30 5 2 55 4 15 8 2 1 3 2 7 1 7
					74		108 2 6 13 270 63 30 43 13 3 3		118	2	82					
	12 45 173 100 56 140 13 5 3	3	11 47 577 18 67 154 22 2 3		14 10 461 47 48 82 14 3	1		2	5 25 406 48 30 38 5 2 4		9 55 118 70 24 34 10 2	1				
																
													56 75 16 45 4 1 1			
																
			17 4 1						1 12						19 107 2 11 28 2 5 4 1,529 1,518 459 28 1 27 57 154 53 12 172 8 15 2	2 1 4 1 10
	9				15 1 1 2		5				11		28			
									• 1 2							
	3 1						2						2	1		
			1 4													
											1					
					3 116 183 57 4											
	296 196 54 2	1	309 327 93 10			1	163 149 30	2	148 122 34 3		117 159 54		43 73 28 2			
											1 4 2 11 7					
	6 3 12 5		7 13 25 12	2	1 8 16 8 1 36 1		1 1 17 9		2 5 12 3	2						
													3 7 1			
	11 3 2		16				43 2 3 2		17 1		33		3			
											2		1			
																
																
	3,626	20	4,974	19	2,819	12	2,684	7	3,304	11	4,434	12	3,107	13	37,675	268 i
 
188
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXX.—DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA—Continued.
	18(					")2.				
	July.		August.		September.		October. nyivpu-*-			
									14 91"	
	10,039.		10,095.		10,535.		12,230.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Coses.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 46
	1,492	22	1,819 1 3 48 2 1 3	26 1 1 2	2,763	14	3,711 1 5 43 1	66 1	2,942	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	4 40				4 47 2 1	1			8 68 3	
										
										
										
										
							1		3 2 37 3	
					1 19 3 3 11					
	11 4 8 2 1		18 4 17 5	1		1 1	24 2 5 22			
										
										
										
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
			2 16 3 2 2 21 3 2 20 2				1 15 1 2			
	9				18 1				11 2	
										
	1 2 13 3 2 8									
					1 14 3 3 6 1					
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.							20		3 4 1 6	
										
							3 3			
										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
							4 1	1	7	
										
										
									2	
							1			
										
					2 8 12 12 182		3 15		6 16	
	10		19 4 7 118 6							
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.	3 81 15	1					11 118 20		10 297 13	
										
										
										
			3 2 9 11 1 4 26 152 10	1	1 6 2 20 2 17 32 223 5	1	3 11 7 9 3 5 35 122 2			
	5 3 10 2 1 23 145 12	1						3	30 8 20 8 9 31 87 8	1
										
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic..............................................										
										
										
										
	1 15				1 14				2 36	
			11				13			
										
100. Diseases of Spleen..................			7				5 3 15			
	1 16							.......	1 18	
			9 2		18 1					
103. Hemorrhage from Stomach......										
										
Carried forward..........	1,943	24	2,395	32	3,461	18	4,266	71	3,700	47
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1863.
189
TABLE XXX.—DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA—Continued.
1862.			| 1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
24,836.			32,641.		20,361.		22,700.		23,354.		20,962.		13, 923.		18, 049.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	3,626	20	4,974	19	2,819	12	2,684	7	3,304	11	4,434	12	3,107	13	37,675	268
50 51 52	1 11 88	1	6 10 110	1 1							2 50 147		2 3 110		13 124 970	4 1
					12 80		8 99		6 90							
																
53 54 55 56	2 1		6 3				4				3		3 1		26 11 12 20	5 6 2
				1					4 1 1	2 2						
					1 1	1	2 1	1			5 1					
	10	2	3										1			
57 58			11 68		2 30				1 39		1 49		1 21		19 434	
	73						45									
59	3		5	1	6		4	1	1		2		1		38	2
60 61 62 63 64											5		1		39 53 6 7 370	2 1
	5		1 1 3 67		3		2		2							
											3 1 51		X			
																
	32				32		35		42				42			
65	1		1		8		1		1		3		1		23	
66 67	1		1 3		1 1				1 1 10		7 5		4 2 7		20 18 182	
																
68	19		26		15		18				16					
69 70	2 2		4 2		3 7		5 1		6 1		5 5				38 30	
													1			
71	9		12		12		10		7		9		5		109	
72 73 74			2				2		2						9	
																
	13	1	14		18		10	1	7		7		6	1	86	4
75 76 77	1 1 7						1 4 3		1 2 2		1				5 9 25	1
		1			2 1											
			3								3		4			
78 79 80			1 1 28												2 7 125	
	1 19												5 13			
					13		16		10		15					
81	12		23		14		11		17		16		17		178	
82	1		9	1	4		10		2		3		2		47	1
83	21		32		11		9		13		fi		4		139	
84	571		427		199	1	290		177		143		80		2,683	1
85	24		62		23		40		19		24		6		252	1
86 87 88			1 6 47						1						2 18 205	2
	2 27			1	1 16		1 11				1 19					
									16				15			
89	21	2	44	4	23	1	31	2	22	5	56	5	5		211	23
90	27		74		36		62		39		28		8		344	
91	10	1	11		6		1		9		10	1	1		64	2
92	12		57		11		214		243		111		6		690	2
93	76		102		59		46		64		110		39		643	
94	117		218		145		224		148		215		157		1,953	
95 96 97	18		8		7				9 1 3		36		23		138 2 36	
							1 4									
	2		6		4						2		11			
98	32		58		42		33		22		57		29		362	
99 100 101			4 4 1												4 27 17	1
					7 2				2	1	2 2					
	2						3						o			
102	37		46		34		30		33		28		16		300	
103	3	1									1				7	
																
_J	4,943	28	6,606	29	3,711	15	3,977	12	4,382	21	5,680	18	3,763	34	48,827	329
 
190
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXX.—DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA—Concluded.
					1802.					----
										
	July.		August.		September.		October. November.			
										
	10,039.		10,095.		10,535.		12,230.		H	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,943	24	2,395	32	3,461	18	4,266	71	3,700	47
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	8 11 3 2 9 1 208 15 13	2	22 6 5		20 6 1	1	46 12 4	1	79 6 1 2 2 1 58 40	3
										
										
										
			14 4 152 32 24		4 1 42 28 21	1 1	1 8 46 34 12 2 1	1		
										
										
										
										
Order "VTI.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.									1 1	
	1									
										
										
									1 12 5 3	
	6		11 5		9 4		7 4 11			
										
										
			1 4							
	8 1				14 1		3		2	
ORDER VHI.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
125. Caries..............................................									1 7	
							2			
										
									2 2	
			1							
					1 36 13 7 4 60					
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	13 1 18 10 48		44 8 26 19 45 3 11	1			34 34		34 34 1 7 19 4 20 1	
132. Boils...............................................										
133. Carbuncle..........................................										
134. Whitlow............................................							6 26 3 8			
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.—Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
	11				10 1					
										
										
	3 1 3		8 1 3		15 2 1		27		28	
										
							1 1 12 9 2 2 1 14			
										
	19 11 13 3		14 10 7	1	17 14 G 6			2	22 5 4 3	2
										
										
147. Punctured Wounds.............................										
148. Poisoning.....................			2 3							
149. Other Accidents and Injuries.......	12	1						1	49	
150. Order n.—Homicide.........										
151. Order HI.—Suicide.......										
152. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence .										
Total.............										51
	2,395	27	2,880	34	3,805	21	4,639	76	4,157	
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1803.
191
TABLE XXX.—DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA—Concluded.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
24,836.			32,641.		20,361.		22,700.		23,.354.		20,962.		13,923.		18,049.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
104 105 106 107 108 109 no HI 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152	4,943	28	6,606	29	3,711 1 165 14 1 2 1 1 43 62 5 3 1	15	3,977 1 166 5 1	12	4,382 3 80 3 1	21	5,680 3 62 19 13	18	3,763	14	48,827 8 968 107 37 10 87 62 812 627 137 27 7 5 1 17 134 74 66 7 41 3 16 54	329 3 2 1 2 1 1 2
	124 4 1 1 9 1 28 89 1 6		169 21 6 1 6 5 109 92 26 6 1 2 1 2 20 14 10 2 4 1 5 14	1									27			
												1				
													2			
							3 5 45 57 10 2 1 3		4 3 27 68 9 2		34 26 37 73 5 4 1					
												1	6 17 37 11 1			
	1								1							
																
	4 4 5 11				2 13 9 11 1 2		3 11 6 6		3 14 16 8 1 1		2 24 5 4 1					
													3 1 2 1			
	1						2									
																
	2 9				4 8		3 6				1 3					
									3				2			
	1		5		2 2		1 1		5		2 1		2		20 7 4 4C8 618 82 145 406 80 283 7	1 G 1 47 2 2 6
									3 47 66 5 10 24 17 28							
	42 87		68 95 16 18 36 17 60 4 80 5 3		30 49 4 16 25 5 27		42 59				44 89 3 11 60 3 28		34 83 2 7 10 12 23 1			
	25 32 9 37						12 21 7 20									
	114 2 2	2		2	56 1 1	1						1 1				
							63 7 7		82 4 3		86 1 3		49 2		611 26 27 1 710 190 85 41 r,c 173	
																
	496 8 4 2 2 36	32 1 2	12 35 11 5 8 10		12 20 8 1 8 1	2	38 14 7 3 5 4	2	36 33 11 8 6 29	3 2 1	28 22 1 7 2 12	2	4 9 11 1 2 3	1 1 1		
																
																
	6,143	65	7,611	32	4,328	18	4,622	14	5,046	27	6,400	24	4,128	17	36,354	406
 
192
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE  XXXI.



Abstract of the Sickness  and Mortality
					18C	2.				
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	14,203.		13,145.		13,837.		14,980.		14, C	31
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	68	14	85	13	40	3	36 4 95 70 573 521 197 11 24 621 90 181 33 5	5 1 15 2 1 10 3 1 4	20	1
										
	111 2 187 99 74	2 1	34 153 453 183 91 9 8 636 145 228 75 9	30 6 3 3 3 2 1	15 147 534 476 93 28 14 608 68 177 30 3	32 1 8 4 5			20 10 j 1 358 '	
										
										
									467 153 1	1
										
									9 <	
	5 829 120 260 41 8	1 1 9 2							16 636 103 1 87 '	7 5
										
										
										
									12 1 2 6	
										
									1 8	
										
									1	
									2 1 120 238 7 8 4 3	1
	2 14 255 9 15 5 1		2 8 243 6 10 9 1				3 163 291 8 8 7 2			
					6 240 4 3 6	1				
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.										
										
										
25. Stricture of the Urethra..............................										
										
									1	
									1	
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy............................................	20	1	25	1	50		49	2	16	
										
									1 1	
			3		1					
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	79 65 2 2		46 45 1 2		65 27 4 2		70 50 6 2		50 75 15 4	........
										
										
										
										
	1 8 23 3								3 2 17 2	3
		1 5			2 14 2	5	2 15 2	2		
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.			11							
										
										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch....................										
										
48. Other Intestinal Worms.....	1						1 1			
49. Other Diseases of this Order. ...										
Carried forward........									2,475	21
	2,309	37	2,521	62	2,659	59	3,141	46		
1										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1863.
193
         TABLE XXXI.
of the Department of the South.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
15,724.			14, 646.		26,348.		26,538.		23,514.		21,705.		22,231.		18, 409.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	17	1	12		23	2	15	1	18	1	15		54	10	403	51
2 3					1 25										5 503	1 2
	14	1	44				32		20	1	35		58			
4 5															382 3,115	80 11
	133		69		97		102		112		177	1	320			
6	206		186		283		245		193		321		624		3,804	1
7	178		111		155		211		154		380		502		2,299	1
8	39		10		17		22		28		24		200		397	
9	2		6		18	4			2		8	2	3		106	36
10	314		220		540		615		572		1,074		1,310		7,975	
11	102	2	94		92		78	1	61		85		192	3	1,230	18
12	92	1	35		88		156		107		243		356	3	2,010	21
13	12	3	29		13		14		18		8		8	1	293	19
14	6		4		5		5		3		4		4		62	1
15 16 17 18 19							1 2								2 37	1
	5	1			21								1			
																
	3 3	2	8	1	6 7		4 11	1			1 23 132	1	2 2 59	1	26	7
																
20	152		249		252		388		175						1,718	
21	110		29		20		39		24		18		41		1,548	1
22	8		4		18		8		2		5		13		92	
23	14		13		19		23		13		7		22		155	
24	7		7		4		12		7		6		8		82	
25	2		1		1		4		1		4		2		22	
26 27 98											1				1	
																
					2		1		1				2 2		7 206	
29	14		5		6		5		7		7					4
30 31 32 33 34							1				1				2 8 8	
	1 2		3		2								1 1			
																
																
							1		4		4				9	
35 36																
	62		106		111		149		43		78		85		944	
37	80		101		123		117		70		66		55		874	
38	10		20		23		22		39		33		51		226	
39	2		2		1		1		3		1		1		23	
40 41 42 43		........														
	2 18 6	2	1 5 13		3 6 9				2		2 1 16	2	1 6 8		15 59 151	1 21
							9 10									
								1	9	1						
44	1		2		3		2		4		4		4		29	
45 46 47 48 49					1 10 1 6		5 25 2 6		2 17						8 79 4 21 1	
											13		14			
			1													
									1		1		5			
																
	1,615	13	1,390	1	2,012	6	2,343	4	1,714	3	2,799	6	4,017	19	28,995	277
25 
194
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXI.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH—Continued.
	18(52.									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	14,203.		13,145.		13,837.		14,980.		14,031.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	2,309 1 10 52 2	37 1	2,521	62	2,659	59	3,141	46	2,475 1 4 23 1	21 1
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
			5 58	2	3 32 2		3 41 9			
										
										
										
	1		1	1						
										
	1 40 5 5 6 2 1 23 3 5 6 1 2 2 3		1 18 4 9 9 5 2 19 4 7 1 8 5 1 4							
				4	15 4 5 4 1		29 9 9 2 1	1 2 1	28 5	
										
										
									1	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
					17 4 6 3		19 9 12 4 5 5 1 2 2		14 2 7 8 3	
										
										
										
Order HI.—Diseases of Ear.										
					3 1 2					
										
										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
									1	
										
										
							1 7		1 o	1
	2		3		1	1				
										
	4 11 10 11 114 15	2	5 9 S 7 167 13	1	3 2 8 3 152 1	2 1	1 4 4 26 8	1	6 4 7 1 53 4	
										
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs. 83. Asthma.............................................										
										
										
										
87. Haemorrhage from Nose.............................	2 1 5 7 4 5 77 113 32						1 1 8 10 3 3 53 119 29			
88. Inflammation of Larynx.............................		1						1	1 3 11 2	
					3 11 3 1 25 84 25	1 2				
			10 6 2 29 57 22	1						
										
92. Other Diseases of this Order___										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic...............................................									27 81 25	
										
										
										
	1 17		3 14		1 2		3 3		2 6	
										
										
100. Diseases of Spleen............			1 6 30 2						2 3 25 1 2,840	31
	4 34 1				3 21		3 21			
102. Hernia.................										
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach......										
Carried forward...........										
	2,950	41	3,074	71	3,110	66	3,619	52		
										
 
DURING  THE YEAR  ENDING  JUNE 30, 1863.
195
TABLE XXXL—DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH—Continued.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
15,724.			14,646.		26,348.		26,538.		23,514.		21,705.		22,231.		18,409.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Case3.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,615	13	1,390	1	2,012	6	2,343	4	1,714	3	2,799	6	4,017	19	28,995	277
50 51									3 4	1					5 49	3 2
	2		1		6		7				1		3			
52	16		39		98		86		69		70		98		682	
53	3		3		5		6		8		7		6		52	
54 55 56 57 58					1										1 2 5 27 393	1
																
	1				1 9 54		2 5 48				1 3 50					
			2 21						2 34				4 40			
	16															
59 60 61 62	2				4		4		3 1 4 1	2	5 2 3 1		3 5 2		48 36 36 18	1 6 5
																
			1 3	1	4 1	1										
	1						2									
63 64							1 42								4 334	
	18		15		30			......	31		45		61			
65	1		4		4		1		4		1-		6		43	
66	7		3		6		9		31		16		28		117	
67 68	3 6		1 5		3 13				2 11		1 12		6 10		38 90	
							16									
69 70 71	3		3		4		2 2 5				3 2 3		2 4 2		31 13 37	
																
	1		2		8				5							
72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80							2								4	
																
					1		1	1	1 1		4		5		13 1 1 13 18 2 77	1 1 2
																
													1 1			
	1 1				3 1 2 10	1	1		2		3					
			1													
																
	6		6				3		4		10		12			
81	3		4		11		7		6		4		4		66	
82	9	1	4		3		2		1		4		3		61	7
83	4		9		16		15		7		2		15		94	
84	86		137		111		158	1	104		60		73		1,241	2
85	5		13		35		30		18		7		8		157	
86 87 88											1 6 16				1 32 170	1
					1 42		1 37						1 16			
	3		10						43							
89	4		3		15		34		8	2	10		8		101	2
9C	32		11		29		32		7		18		24		182	
91 92	2 6				2 50		2 2	1	7 24		3 39		3 21		37 186	5
		1	33													
93	34		16		58		53		60-		77		82	1	591	1
94	93		71		144		158		151		144		176		1,391	
95 96 97 98	14		6		9				9		17		22		210	2
																
	3 5				1 26		3 37						5 62		22 256	
			5						26		53					
99 100 101																
			3 1								1 1		I		7 34	
	2				3		o		3				3			
102	15		14		28		18		15		14		14		249	
103							2				2		1		9	
																
	2,002	15	1,840	2	2,864	8	3,181	7	2,404	8	3,521	6	4,857	20	36,262	319
 
196
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XXXI.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH—Concluded.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
               Brought forward......................

  Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.

104. Haemorrhage from Bowels.........................
105. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
106. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
107. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum.......................
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver.......................
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
111. Jaundice..........................................
112. Piles..............................................
113. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
114. Stone and Gravel............
115. Diabetes....................
116. Bright's Disease............
117. Diseases of Prostate.........
118. Diseases of Testis...........
119. Inflammation of Kidneys---
120. Inflammation of Bladder.....
121. Incontinence of Urine.......
122. Hydrocele..................
123. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries...................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128 3nflamrnationof Periosteum..
129. Necrosis .. i.................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
1862.
14,203.
Cases.  Deaths
260
 28
  5
41
August.
Cases.  Deaths
3,074
  2
  3
249
 26
  4
September.
13,837.
Cases.  Deaths.
3,110
 12
  6
189
 21
66
October.
14,980.
Cases.  Doaths.
3,619
  4
  4
156
 28
  1
November.

  14,031.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess.......
132. Boils.........
133. Carbuncle.....
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
  CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
                   INJURIES.

      Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns............................................
137. Contusions.......................................
138. Concussion of Brain..............................
139. Drowning....................................---
140. Sprains..........................................
141. Dislocation......................................
142. Simple Fractures.................................
143. Compound Fractures.............................
144. Gunshot Wounds.................................
145. Incised Wounds..................................
146. Lacerated Wounds...............................
147. Punctured Wounds...............................
148. Poisoning........................................
149. Other Accidents and Injuries.....................
150. Order II.—Homicide..........................
103
 85
 16
 15
108
 4
25
135
 18
 12
  8
118
106
 20
19
35
10
15
13
20
27
11
 3
 2
 6
199
 11
 32
 32
151. Order in.—Suicide..............
152. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence .
TotaL..................................  3^04
46
3,802
77
3,623
68
4,370
10 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
197
TABLE XXXI.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH—Concluded.
1862.			1803.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
15,724.			14,646.		26, 348.		26,538.		23,514.		23,705.		22,231.		18,409.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.
	2,002	15	1,840	2	2,864	8	3,181	7	2,404	8	3,521	6	4,857	20	36,262	319
104 105							1 68		2 45				1 30		4 504	1
	53		34		88						38					
106	3		5		10		o		6		13		13		94	
107			5		2		3		4	1	67	1	4		98	4
108 109					1 9		2 11		1 7	1					4 114	1
	2										12		13			
no	9				8		7		14		5		4		68	2
111	37		22		29		28		21		34		33		1,132	2
312	19		23		58		41		28		38		37		362	
113	4	1	4		3		10	1	10		6	1	12		59	6
114					2		1		5				3 1		16 2 2 1 18	
115 116 117 118																
					1						1					
							1									
					2				6				2 4			
119	6		7		2		4		3		5				61	
120 121	5 2				4 5		3 4		3 4				3 8		31 29	
			2								3					
122 123	3 11		1 3		2 3		1 10		2 1		1 4				23 78	
													4			
124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131							2 2 5						3		6 5 15	
					1				1 2		1 2					
													6			
																
													3		3 5 8 1,041	
					1 3 71				1							
	1 99		1 68				1 92									
									75		65		79			
132	15		29		110		83		39		78		115		640	
133	6		2		3		5		2		9		4		86	
134	19		6		18		19		21		17		25		175	
135	14		9		34		29		16		22		21		450	
136	1		1		5		10		3		7		9		49	
137	27		40		25		53		33		38		47		359	
138 139 140							1		1						2	2
												1	39	1		
	11		28		39		37		37		42				259	
141	1		2		4		3		2		3		1		37	
142	4		3		5		4		3		2		3		36	
143 144											3 16				3 394	17
	22		14		16		24	2	18				9	1		
145	18		12		20		25		11		29		42		262	
146	7		7		8		9		3		5		5		113	1
147	5		4		5		8		5		17		9		106	1
148 149					2 14		1 5		1 4		5 3		5 3	1	17 87	2
	6		15													
150 151 152																
																1
																
																
	2,412	16	2,187	2	3,477	8	3,802	10	2,844	10	4,121	9	5,457	24	43,100	359
 
198
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
        TABLE XXXII.



Abstract of the Mortality in the
					1862.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November. 3G, 437.	
										
	14, 323.		22, 654.		38,351.		35,146.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 300 9 10 e 12
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.		286		281 2 32		265 1 51 8 29 2 1		270 2 9 4 29		
										
		2								
										
		18		11 1						
										
								3		2
										
		3 14 31 8 15 4		4 37 91 20 22 1 2 1		5 42 164 38 34 4 6		2 32 233 12 50 8 5		7 7 228 11 30 1 7 6
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
18. Diphtheria..........................................				4		13 2		17		12
										
								1 11		1 9 1
		9		30		31				
ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases.										
										
										
										
										
27. Serpent Bite........................................										
				1 5				1 4		2 2 1 4
Order IH.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy...........................................		4				5				
										
				3		2				
										
										
						2		2		2
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout..............................................										
		1 2		2 2		4 2 8 1		1 3 7 1 1		3 4 3
										
										
				1						
										1
				1						
42. Other Diseases of this Order......................		2 24 1				7 46 1 1		3 64 1		3 47 1 1
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 43. PoTisn-iptin- ......				37 2 1						
44. Scrofula...........................										
45. Other Diseases of this Order.............										
CLASS 111.—PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch............										
47. Tape-worm.........										
48. Other Intestinal Worms___										
49. Other Diseases of this Order										
Carried forward... •									__,	735
		424		574		775		776		
										
 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
199
TABLE XXXII.
General Hospitals of the Atlantic Region.
1862.			1863.													
December.			Jakuary. ' February.				March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
39,499.			33,184. 27, 971.				21,556.		20,383.		18,894.		24,529.		27,744.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths, j Cases		Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49		213		196 1 12		108 3 2		80 3 4		67		41		134		2,241 21 131 20 146 11 13 3 54 143 1,481 306 200 52 259 35 3 83 5 3 109 3
																
		12								2		8		7		
																
		14 1 2		4 1 1		7		4 1		1 3		4 2 3 1		13		
																
						1 2 6 1 119 1 4 9 48 6 1 6										
																
		1 2 251 2 15 10 30 3		20 2 183 3 18 5 51 1 1 12				2		2				2 4 43 9 7 1 6 4		
												2 30				
								51 1 4 4 48 5		57 1 3 3 38 4						
																
																
												2 18 5 1 2				
																
																
																
		9 2						4 1 1		2				2		
																
																
		5 1		8		3				1				2 1		
																
																
																
												1				1
																
																
						1 1 1 2		1								6 24 6 19 1
		2 2 1												1		
								1 1		1						
				4 1								1		1		
																
																
				2		2										10
																
		2 4 3		1 2 1 1 1												14 21 29 5 4 2 28 426 9 3
						2 2										
								1		2 1				2		
																
						3										
		1 3 57 1														
				3 57 1		6 30		1 15								
										25 1		17		7		
																
																
																
																
																
																
		649		593		375		233		212		.38		246		5,730
																
 
200                 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXII.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
	1862.									i
	July.		August.		September.		October.		N"vr.M]i!-:ii. 36,437.	
										
	14,323.		22,654.		38,351.		35,146.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 'Deaths. i		Cases.	Deaths. 733 7 3
		424 1		574 5 1		775 3 3		776 6 1		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
										
										
		1								1 2
				1		3 3		4		
f M b f B ain		2								
										
										
										
		3		3 1 5				2 1 4		5
										
		2				2				6
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
										
										
										
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
										
										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.						1 5 1				
								9		6 2 1 1
										
								1 2		
				2		3				
		1 1 1								
								2		
										
										
		5		17		11		1		1 1 1 3
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
		1		3 1		4 4		1		
										
80. Dropsy of Chest....................................										
										
88. Inflammation of Larynx.............................				1 20 2 1 6		2 11 2		1 24 4 2 8		4 41 2 0
		18								
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.		3				9				
										
										
						3		3		
										
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease....................		1		3		1 1		3		2 1
98. Dyspepsia..........................										
99. Diseases of Pancreas.........										
100. Diseases of Spleen........										
101. Fistula in Ano........										
102. nernia............		1						1		
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach-						1				
Carried forward...... *										. e.7
		465		646		847		856		
										J_______I
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1803.                   201
TABLE XXXII.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
	1862.		1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
39,499. !			33,184.		27,971.		21,556.		20, 383.		18,894.		24,529.		27,744.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103		649 1 1		593 2 1		375 2 2		233 2 1		212 1		138 3		246 2		5,730 35 13
																
																
																
		1 7														3 41 31 6
				10 2				3 4		3 7		5 2		4 3		
						8 6										
																
																
		1 2		1 1												2 21 2 28
						3								2		
																
		3	—.....	1				4		1						
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
								1								1
																
								2 2	........	2 3						5 43 8 7 11 3 4 1
		5 2 3		6		3 3						1		3		
																
								1 1						1		
						1				1						
		2														
				1												
																
																
		3		2 1 5 7		2 2 3 4		1		1 1 2		1		2		47 5 28 27 1 1 16 417 17 14 41 2 1 9
																
		7 5 1						1 1								
												1		1		
																
								1								
				4 68 4 2 3		2 58						2 27				
		53 3 2 5						38		48				11		
																
								3				1		1 2 1		
						2				3						
								1								
												1 1				
				1						1						
		.....														
		1		1 1				2								14 3
																
																
										1						1
		1														
		1		1												3 1
																
		1														
		757		718		476		302		287		183		279		6,643
																
26 
2Q2                 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS






          TABLE XXXIL—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION—Concluded.
	1862.									■
	July.		AUGUST.		September.		October.		November.	
	14,323.		22,654.		38,351.		35,146.		36,437.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases. Deaths.		Coses. :	Deaths. B27
		465		646		847		856		
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
						2 2 3 5 3 2 1		1 . 3 . 11 1	---	2 .4 7 5
		1 1 3		4 4 4 3 1 1						
										
										
										
								1 2		1
		1								
										1 6
		1		5		1		4		
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
				1				2		
						1				5
										
										
		1		2		1		1		3
										
										
										
								1		1
ORDER VUI.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
										
										
										
										
				1 2				1		
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.		1				1				1
										
										
										
										1
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS. AND INJURIES. Order I.—Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
		1		1 2		1 1				
								1 1		1
										
										
										
		1		3		4 6 702		1 24 428		
									:::::::	21 147 3
		197		158 1						
										
						1 1				
		6						4		1
										
		7		8		9		7 1 2		
										.
151. Order IH.—Suicide...............................						1				1
										
Total................................										1,036
		. 686		• 847		1,595		1,353		
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.                   203
TABLE XXXIL—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION—Concluded.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
39,499.			33,184.		27,971.		21,556.		20,383.		18, 894.		24,529.		27,744.	
104 105 106 107 108 109 110 HI 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.	
		757 2 4 1 4 1		718		476		302		287	........	183		279 1 1		6,643 3 10 24 44 28 10 8 11 1 24
																
																
				3 2 3 1 1 3		3 5 3				1 3 1		4				
								3 2 1 1 1						1 1 1 1 1		
												1 1				
																
																
						1										
																
		4		1		2										
																
		1 2														4 12
				2										2		
																
																
		3 1		2						1						14 2
								1								
																
																
				1						1						4
																
											-*					
				1												1
		..														
																
																
																2 11
				•		3		2				1				
																
																
																
										1 1						2 3 9 10 5
												1 1		1 2 2 1		
		3														
				2 1				1								
												2				
																
																
														2 4 122		11 72 2,642 4 1 13 1 66 3 10
		6 277 1		5 333		1 56				2 16 1		3 172				
								34								
																
																
								1								
												1 1				
		6		18 1		2		1		2				5 1 1		
																
						2		3								
																
																
		1,073		1,098		550		353		317		371		429		9,708
	__1					1										
 
204
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
                TABLE  XXXIII.

Abstract of  the Sickness and Mortality
Year...........................................
Month..........................................
Mean Strength, (not including Table XXXII) .
LIST OF DISEASES.
    CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
        Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever.............................
Typhus Fever..............................
Typho-Malarial Fever.......................
Yellow Fever...............................
Remittent Fever............................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever................
Tertian Intermittent Fever..................
Quartan Intermittent Fever..................
Congestive Intermittent Fever...............
Acute Diarrhoea.............................
Chronic Diarrhoea............................
Acute Dysentery............................
Chronic Dysentery...........................
Erysipelas..................................
Small-pox and Varioloid.....................
Measles.....................................
Scarlet Fever...............................
Diphtheria..................................
Mumps......................................
Epidemic Catarrh............................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
        Order H.—Enthetic Diseases.
Syphilis.....................................
Gonorrhoea.................................
Orchitis.....................................
Stricture of the Urethra.....................
Purulent Ophthalmia........................
Serpent Bite................................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
        Order III.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy.....................................
Purpura....................................
Delirium Tremens..........................,
Inebriation.................................,
Chronio Alcoholism...........................
Other Diseases of this Order..................
1862.
July.
227,419.
Cases.  Deaths.
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
          Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout..................................
36. Acute Rheumatism.....................
37. Chronic Rheumatism....................
38. Anaemia................................,
39. General Dropsy..........................
40. Cancer..................................
41. Tumors.................................
42. Other Diseases of this Order.............
          Order H.—Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption............................
44. Scrofula................................
45. Other Diseases of this Order.............
485
  9
  3
  2
 51
 12
  I
 159
 285
,886

 394
 587
 155
  41
    1
    2

1,224
   5
,221
,386
 101
  97
   1
  32
 208

 203
  65
     CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch.....................................
47. Tape-worm...........................
48. Other Intestinal Worms.................
49. Other Diseases of this Order........
 Carried forward......................... 53 3gg
-------.-----________
August.
166,950.
Cases.  Deaths.
   957
    99
   693
   153
 2,690
 1,765
 1,614
   117
    72
11,125
 1,908
 1,425
   214
    84
    1
    59
    1
386
 10
 19
 30
 32
  1
35
   28
   38
2,372

  283
  468
   97
   28
397
  1
793
781
123
 65
 37
 21
 44

100
 29
 26
 41
106
'26
 26
  2
  3
  3
September.
229,084.
Cases.  Deaths
   626
    8
   758
   147
 3,081
 3,243
 1,956
   304
    92
19,150
 2,439
 1,892
   253
    89
    8
    77
    4
   21
  106
2,162

  405
1,024
   94
   20
  5

178
   12
1,369
1,480
  177
   48
    1
   14
  109

  129
   37
805
28,766
817
57
41, 643
314
  1
 57
 40
 38
  2
  2
 21
 45
175
 47
 39
  5
  7
October.
277,230.
941
Cases.  Deaths.
 2,012
    42
   949
    70
 4,622
 4,837
 3,038
   431
   247
23,502
 3,594
 3,010
   408
   128
    6
   607
    3
    90
    86
 1,298
 3,619

   702
 1,282
   176
    32
    17
    2
    33

   152
    4
    53
    53
    6
    17
    5
2,436
2,461
  541
   59
    5
   33
   52

  234
   76
   14


   94
   11
   73
    1
59,223
457
 17
 37
 19
 56
  1
  4
 40
 43
263
 36
 64
  8
  5
  3
1,219 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863
205
    TABLE XXXIII.



of the Atlantic Region.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
361, 616.			359,920.		351,250.		352,750.		315,600.		284,184.		217,266.		286,097.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Coses.	Deaths.
1	2,272	630	1,909	479	1,639	346	1,639	341	935	219	725	133	511	168	17,189	4,537
2	13	5	60	16	53	22	41	19	24	8	22	6	9		478	126
3	1,390	84	1,501.	74	1,032	50	957	47	783	24	770	34	762	22	12,090	507
4 5															382 35,264	100 343
	2,895	39	2,883	9	2,327	15	2,350	23	2,139	4	2,416	13	1,952	18		
6	2,488	2	2,125	1	1,535	2	1,577	1	1,715	4	2,213	2	2,096		28, 893	29
7	1,767	4	1,649	1	1,281	2	1,513		1,375		1,931	3	1,673		22,110	20
8	332	2	172		129	2	115		130	1	141	1	281		2,599	6
9	97	13	117	40	84	11	57	15	49	6	61	7	28	6	1,102	241
10	16,241	14	14, 619	4	11, 330	9	9,812	5	7,312	4	12,735	3	9,837	6	175, 452	208
11	3,447	377	3,779	268	2,641	189	1,929	119	1,274	84	1,038	48	1,117	51	27,948	2,018
12	2,423	28	2,066	7	1,672	9	1,584	10	1,276	3	2,546	5	1,861	19	24, 702	268
13	485	36	536	34	308	9	230	11	164	1	109		170	10	3,710	302
14	268	11	249	8	234	12	239	8	202	6	147	3	101	2	2,015	76.
15	123	44	158	63	118	62	140	61	162	51	46	21	31	7	810	331
16	593	11	948	23	886	18	849	19	568	10	227	6	59	4	5,239	111
17	30	2	24	2	13	1	14		5		1	1	5		115	7
18	254	24	167	21	104	15	135	13	92	6	68	9	49	4	1,041	150
19	475	6	483		410		401	2	411		261		64		3,042	14
20	4,666		4,347		3,338		4,171	1	2,625		978		350		24,803	3
21	1,099	23	434	14	535	3	575	3	543	2	310	2	250	2	14,598	217
22	745	1	710	1	633		547		454		420		358	1	6,307	4
23	1,188		829		067		762		669		559		519		9,617	
24	167		205		143		123		94		84		65		1,558	
25	51		59		47	1	46		28		25	1	23		443	2
26	27		48		35		25		25		22		9		225	
27 28					1 24								1 5		9 212	7
	34		51			2	14	1	20		3					
29	175	3	181		170	2	109		97		67		118	1	3,039	34
30	10	4	11	2	15	4	16	1	15	2	5		4		85	14
31	31	5	27	7	31	4	18	2	22	3	19	2	22	1	339	41
32	55	2	51	2	45	2	' 41		40		55	1	32	1	478	11
33	15	1	14		10		10		8	1	13		7	1	100	3
34	50	4	27	3	57	4	11		4		7		18		276	17
35	4		13		3		6		4		4		3		62	
36	3,378	6	3,855	3	2,864	2	2,540		1,831	2	1,474	2	767		25, 995	27
37	3,575	5	4,298	2	3,172	2	2,834		1,857	1	1,318	1	720		26, 485	26
38	593	7	626	7	549	8	432	7	357	2	433		255	2	4,630	58
39	83	1	70	6	76		66	1	50	2	28		29		727	15
40	3		9	1	9	1	12		6		3		1		92	4
41	32	1	30		27		34		34		23		11		310	2
42	96	4	116	3	89	6	105	1	52		31	1	26		992	34
43	355	92	328	89	292	50	■335	46	166	39	115	25	84	8	2, 584	633
44	104	1	112	1	131		138		90	1	83		40		970	10
45	14	2	8		8		15		8	1	7		3		91	6
46	330		310		424		512		283		244		142		2,455	
47	11		* 9		12		18		2		4		4		85	
48	45		62	1	55		48		35		21		15		549	1
49	20		6		1		3		2				1		34	
																
	52,549	1,494	50,291	1,192	39,259	865	37,148	757	28,037	487	31,812	330	24,488	334	492,331	10, 563
 
20G
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XXXIIL—ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
Year..........................................
Month.........................................
Mean Strength, (not including Table XXXII).
LIST OF DISEASES.
               Brought forward...................
        CLASS  IV.—LOCAL DISEASES.

        Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
 50. Apoplexy......................................
 51. Epilepsy.......................................
 52. neadaclie......................................
 53. Insanity.......................................
 54. Inflammation of Brain..........................
 55. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain............
 56. Inflammation of Spinal Chord...................
 57. Nostalgia......................................
 58. Neuralgia.....................................
 59. Paralysis......................................
 60. Sun-stroke.....................................
 61. Other Diseases of this Order....................
             Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
 62. Amaurosis.....................................
 63. Cataract.......................................
 64. Inflammation of Conjunctiva....................
 65. Inflammation of Iris............................
 66. Night Blindness................................
 67. Other Diseases of this Order....................
             Order III.—Diseases of Ear.
 68. Earache.......................................
 69. Inflammation of Internal Ear...................
 70. Deafness.......................................
 71. Otorrhoea......................................
 72. Other Diseases of this Order....................
    Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
 73. Aneurism......................................
 74. Valvular Disease of Heart......................
 75. Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
 76. Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
 77. Inflammation of Pericardium...................
 78. Inflammation of Endocardium..................
 79. Inflammation of Veins..........................
 80. Varicose  Veins.................................
 81. Varicocele.....................................
 82. Other Diseases of this Order....................
      Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
 63. A sthma........................................
 84. Acute Bronchitis...............................
 85. Chronic Bronchitis.............................
 86. Dropsy of Chest...............................
 87. Haemorrhage from Nose........................
 88. Inflammation of Larynx........................
 69. Inflammation of Lungs.........................
 90. Inflammation of Pleura.........................
 91. Haemorrhage from Lungs.......................
 92. Other Diseases of this Order....................
       Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
 93. Colic..........................................
.94. Constipation...................................
 95. Cholera Morbus................................
 96. Cirrhosis of Liver..............................
 97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease...................
 98. Dyspepsia.....................................
 99. Diseases of Pancreas...........................
100. Diseases of Spleen.............................
101. Fistula in Ano..................................
102. Hernia........................................
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach.....................
Carried forward.
1862.
July.
227,419.
Cases.  Deaths.
 41
540
 43
154
120

 21
  6
358
 16
 26
 63

123
 93
 31
 75
 11
  12
  12
   1
 126
 192
  94

 100
,167
 139
   1
  42
  78
 160
 279
  48
 103

,577
,915
 668
 43
710
 20
 26
486
 11
65,180
805
August.
Cases.  Deaths.
28,766
 10
 44
394
 14
  3
 13
  4
298
 27
109
 62

 12
  7
191
 19
 27
 34

 94
 39
  9
 46
  5
    6
    9
   53
   98
   49

   49
1,132
   72
   27
   40
   73
  155
   41
   39

  964
1,047
  558
 16
399
 16
 16
294
 13
35,402
817
21
 2
24
 2
 1
10
September.
229,084.
Cases.  Deaths.
41,643
 24
392
 37
 59
120

 15
  5
269
 19
 39
 24

 77
 29
 22
 47
  5
   19
   11
    4
   92
  103
   79

   87
1,786
   89
    1
   20

  107
  227
   50
  169

1,288
1,089
  773
 12
477
 12
 28
360
 13
50,518
941
16
14
October.
277,230.
Cases.  Deaths,
59,223
   13
  146
  770
   54
   19
 .  18
   31
   79
  753
   64
   39
  22°

   20
   18
  364
   22
   53
   92

  189
   35
   21
   94
   46

    7
   42
    7
    2
   20
   16
    2
  181
  235
   81

  132
1,489
  222
    4
   39
  101
  401
  349
   84
  553

1,492
1,959
  6C1
 46
630
 20
 40
682
 13
1,219
November.
Cases, i Deaths.
45,72C
 11
129
792
 26
 13
 15
 58
115
804
 65
71,835   1,359
 18
  6
523
 21
 37
  22-1
  41
  35
  78
   9

   2
  75
   5
   4
  12
  14
   1
  210
  208
  ,31

  165
3,213
  356
   2
  59
  262
  428
  453
  91
 1,073
 1,988
  300
    1
   57
  724
    3
    9
   33
  530
   20

59,948
1,322 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
207
TABLE XXXIIL—ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
361,616.			359,920.		351,250.		352,750.		315, 600.		284,	184.	217,266.		286, 097.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	52,549	1,494	50,291	1,192	39,259	865	37,148	757	28,037	487	31,812	330	24,488	334	492,331	10, 563
50	20	9	30	11	15	13	20	10	7	5	13	4	15	5	170	110
51	161	7	180	4	143	6	151	4	101	1	105		63		1,395	45
52	1,093		1,193		1,115		1,286		1,072		1,001		812		11,014	
53	43	2	44		36		47		23	1	28		20		414	8
54	20	21	25	27	25	14	17	13	20	12	12	13	5	7	175	136
55	6	1	16	7	12	13	12	7	5	12	12	3	4	4	132	71
56	41	2	49		35	6	37	........	19	1	10		4		284	10
57	97	1	109	2	107	1	101	1	39		25		16		757	5
58	1,006	1	1,105	1	840		847		719		575		354		8,233	2
59	67	6	57	2	55	5	55	1	32	3	26	1	25	2	553	39
60 61									4 47	4	39 43	1	259 37		•663 1,242	15 60
	155	11	162	7	66	4	83	7								
62	31		46		32		37		19		19		5		275	
63 64	6				g		16		14		3				107	
	711		685		598		577		539		455		342		5,612	
65	44		27		36		32		26		17		16		295	
66	55		50		43		47		79		124		105		685	
67	59		62		66		48		15		24		22		569	
68	325		277		286		308		247		162		147		2,459	
69	70		59		55		43		34		17		17		532	
70	66		68		72		40		33		20		16		433	
71	U5		143		130		136	1	98		54		37		1,053	1
72	8		15		9		10		3		2		1		124	
73	6				3		4	3	4	2	4				50	10
74	97	18	125	13	132	10	122	12	108	5	55	3	37	4	793	99
75	22	6	25	3	25	3	18	1	18		7				127	16
76	10	5	15	2	8	1	11	2	7		3	1	1	1	61	14
77	31	1	45	2	34	3	41	1	31	3	17	1	8		279	22
1 78	26	5	15	1	9	1	9		4	1	1		1		124	17
79	11		4	1	7		3		8		1		7		58	4
80	262		296		230		193		156		166		128		2,093	1
81	244		232		182		156		113		102		86		1,951	
82	46	9	45	6	66	3	28	3	13	2	25	1	12	3	569	86
83	280		354	3	218	3	255		172	1	92		86		1,990	9
84	4,951	10	4,583	12	3,986	6	5,257	4	3,162	3	1,565		717		34,028	48
85	590	6	791	7	679	4	847	3	610		213	1	111	1	4,719	31
86	14	4	7		10	1	14	2	6		3		2		64	7
87	92		57		52		43	1	39		43		14		527	1
88	373	2	438	6	417	3	537	2	290		162	2	70		2,820	29
89	889	163	967	160	885	164	990	143	602	106	287	47	139	15	5,928	960
9C	596	7	809	5	560	1	635	2	470	3	312		174	3	5,019	34
91	118	4	116	2	88		120	6	91		57	3	28	2	932	23
92	1,942	15	1,649	6	1,409	2	1,515	5	1,270	5	558		115	3	10,010	72
93	1,137		1,104		833		734	1	682		742		682	2	12,308	5
94	2,259		2,210		1,883		2,157		1,648		1,678	1	1,111		20,944	1
95	227	1	173	1	92		87		107	2	232	1	284	1	4,102	42
96	4		21	1	3		2		2		4	2	5		42	3
97	68	3	85	3	79	2	84	3	49		24		27		590	22
98	776	i	791	1	749		805		561		539		358		7,519	4
qq	6		5 31		1 37		7								22	
100	21						3		6	2	7		1		163	2
101	41		48		42		35		35		35		29		408	
102	738	1	688	1	562		497		309		236		187		5,569	7
103	19		16		15	1	13		5		5		5		148	3
	72,644	1,817	70, 460	1,490	56,319	1,135	56,320	995	41,810	661	41,793	415	31,235	387	653,464	12,637
 
208
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XXXIIL—ATLANTIC REGION—Concluded.
Year ..
Month.
Mean Strength, (not including Table XXXII) —
LIST OF DISEASES.
              Brought forward......................
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
104. Haemorrhage from Bowels. ....
105. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
106. Inflammation of Stomach......
107. Inflammation of Bowels.......
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum...
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver. -.
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
111. Jaundice......................
112. Piles..........................
113. Other Diseases of this Order...
 Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.

114. Stone and Gravel..................................
115. Diabetes..........................................
116. Bright's Disease..................................
117. Diseases of Prostate...............................
118. Diseases of Testis.................................
119. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
120. Inflammation of Bhidder...........................
121. Incontinence of Urine.............................
122. Hydrocele........................................
123. Other Diseases of  this Order.......................
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries.....................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess.......
132. Boils.........
133. Carbuncle.....
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
   CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS,  AND
                    INJURIES.

      ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns............................................
137. Contusions.......................................
138. Concussion of Brain..............................
139. Drowning.........................................
140. Sprains..........................................
141. Dislocation......................................
142. Simple Fractures.................................
143. Compound Fractures.............................
144. Gunshot Wounds.................................
14.3. Incised Wounds .................................
146. Lacerated Wounds...............................
147. Punctured Wounds...............................
148. Poisoning........................................
149. Other Accidents and Injuries.....................

150. ORDER n.—Homicide...........................
151.

152.
Order IH.—Suicide..............
ORDER IV.—Execution of Sentence .

            TotaL................
1862.
July.
227, 419.
Cases.  Deaths.
65,180
  382
  161
   73
   10
  225
   95
1,067
  636
  422
 97
 49
 17
 31
179
580
400
138
109
711
 46
414
 12
147
 37
 49
1,980
  289
  196
   63
   64
  179
322
13
74, 091   1, 271
August.
166,950.
229,084.
277,230.
                                                November.

                                                 289,891.
Cases.  Deaths.   Cases.  Deaths.  Cases.  Doaths.  Casos. ! Death!

         945    50,518  1,052   71,835   1,359   59,948'1,493
35,402
 89
 33
  5
130
 66
988
479
213
 56
 31
 17
 10
103
505
225
109
 66
394
 24
372
  1
4,446
  138
  269
   12
   26
   56
457
  I
  7
  3
44, 705  1, 475
September.
292
170
 52
  8
109
139
799
613
303
14
 92
 39
 13
 11
107
513
413
103
 97
428
 38
340
  9
,138
 180
 238
 177
  21
 348
64,521
    4
    6
1,351
2,560
October.
   13
  543
  230
   86
   14
  129
  119
1,499
  993
  519
 39
 21
 11
  3
 23
187
 73
 54
 19
194
1,081
  638
   89
   98
  295
123
405
  5
359
 20
 49
  3
555
227
127
 83
 39
152
81,069
 24
500
10
   63
  920
  125
   68
   10
   88
  196
3,848
  980
  252
 33
 13
 30
  9
 67
207
 55
108
 24
105
727
879
155
■303
134
423
 12
510
 33
 61
  9
417
298
103
 45
 14
183
1,974    71,727
1,780 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1863
209
TABLE XXXIIL—ATLANTIC REGION—Concluded.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
361,616.			359,920.		351,250.		352, 750.		315, 600.		284	184.	217,266.		286, 097.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 1	Cases.	Deaths.
	72,644	1,317	70,460	1,490	56,319	1,135	56,320	995	41,810	661	41, 793	415	31, 235	387	653,464	12,637
104	52	6	59	1	48		39	1	28	o	24		10	1	336	13
105	1,390	4	1,530		1,260	1	1,461	1	997		490		321	1	9,794	17
106	129	4	150	6	125	2	99		85	2	100	6	74	1	1,537	42
107	67	9	95	7	73	7	105	10	53	6	126	5	36	2	867	92
108	18	5	25	5	16	5	14	3	12	4	8	3	o	1	142	62
109	140	4	149	2	127		126	2	86		103	2	60	1	3,472	23
110	143		113	1	116		105	1	86		84		45	1	1,307	13
111	2,833	6	2,172	4	1,272	5	1,095	1	643		463		248	1	16,927	27
112	1,286		1,329		1,123		923		778		643		519		10, 302	2
113	179	15	334	2	182	3	239	4	108		162	3	106	1	3,019	59
114	47		85		58		50		42		36		21		432	
115	18	1	23		14	1	21	2	10	1	4		2		164	8
116	46	3	51	3	46	2	51		32	1	23		9	2	299	18
117 118	6 97		6 84		3 73		7 53		1 44		5 34				40 487	
													12			
119	179	4	257	2	201		390		122	2	95		67		1,750	18
120	71	2	70		64		58	1	53		26		13		602	7
121	131		128		120		111		84		40		33		856	
122	25		31		32	1	28		24		0		9		250	1
123	71	1	72	2	40	1	50	1	36	2	30		11		998	12
124	19		21		17		22		13		12		6		163	
125	21		41	1	22		32		13		14		3		164	1
126	109		112	1	112		102		92		49		50		756	1
127 128	8 36		11 42		6 46		7 35		3 31		4 14				46 252	
													17			
129	26		28		28		26		16		12		6		222	
130	5		10		13		10		17		15		2		110	2
131	778		613		503	4	580	2	565	2	550	1	497		7,492	16
132	1,051		1,012		929		964		741		902		677		8,831	
133	117		107		85	1	89		59		62		48		1,104	1
134	281		276		226		250		187		125		113		1,983	
135	428		424		347		394		225	1	275		150		4,374	2
136	210	2	243	1	146		187		167	1	108	1	87	1	1,513	6
137	679	4	725		510		628		486		633	3	434	4	6,049	16
138	16		18	5	8		11	3	7		7	1	2	3	108	22
139		5		6		4						12		5		41
140	716		759		662		748		845		695		410.		6,021	
141	46		58		49	1	47		36	1	35		17		419	2
142	82		91		53		73		61		69	I	40	2	756	17
143	34	9	9	7	3	1	6		9	2	26	3	6	4	105	77
144	8,548	779	434	355	244	74	347	52	578	67	5,388	560	624	186	31,699	4,889
145	385	I	506		366		423		331	I	242		209	1	3,600	6
146	235	10	133	2	114	1	97		75	3	73	4	73	1	1,733	43
147	63		59		35		60	2	50		70	1	48	2	795	54
148	44	3	27	2	35	3	36		35		66	1	59	1	466	10
149	235	16	134	25	230	7	174	14	141	6	112	6	131	29	2,075	211
150 151 152	93,744	3 7 1 2,721		1 1		1 4		3 8				1 3		1 1 4		12 43 6
										3						
																
																
			63,116	1,932	66,101	1,264	66,493	1,107	49,917	769	53,853	1,032	36,542	644	785,879	18, 529
27 
 
SICKNESS, ETC.,  DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1803            211
                             CENTRAL REGION.

     The reports of sick and wounded from troops in the Central Region are consolidated
into statistical tables for eight armies or departments, as follows:

     1. The Department of Western Virginia      -     -     -  Table   XXXIV.
     2. The Northern Department       -                      Table    XXXV.
     3. The Department of the Ohio         -                 Table   XXXVI.
     4. The Department of the Cumberland  -                 Table  XXXVII.
     5. The Department of the Tennessee    -                 Table XXXVIII.
     6. The Department of the Gulf     -                      Table   XXXIX.
     7. The Department of the Northwest    -                 Table        XL.
     8. The Department of the Missouri     -                 Table       XLI.
         To these tables are added—
     9. A table showing the mortality in the general hospitals of
         the Central Region      ______  Table      XLII.
    10. A consolidated table for the Central Region      -     -  Table     XLIII.

           1.  The Department of Western Virginia—Table XXXIV.

     This table embraces the reports received from troops in the State of Maryland west
of Hancock, and  in that  portion of Western Virginia which, by  the Act  of Congress
approved December 31, 1862,  was constituted the State of  West Virginia.   This  region
was embraced in the Mountain Department at the commencement  of the year now under
consideration.  August 12, 1862, the  Mountain Department was discontinued, its  troops
being merged  into the Army of Virginia.   The  greater portion of  these troops were
transferred to the Army of Virginia, as has already been shown.
     September 19, 1862, Western Virginia was attached to the Department of the Ohio,
and  March  16, 1863,  it  was  transferred  to the  Middle  Department; these changes,
have, however, been disregarded in the construction of the table.
     June 24, 1863, the Department of  West Virginia was created by General Orders
No. 186, to consist of that  portion of the Middle Department west of Hancock, including
the adjacent counties of Ohio, General B. F. Kelley to command.   The limits assigned
to the department  by this order coincide  with those used in the table, with the exception
of the part of Ohio referred to, which has been included in the  Northern Department 
212
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
                  2. The Northern Department—Table XXXV.

     The Northern Department was created by General Orders  No. 17, January 12, 1861
to consist of the  States of Michigan, Ohio,  Indiana, and  Illinois.    In  this tabic  the
designation is applied to the  same region, with the addition of the State of Wisconsin
It embraces, therefore, that portion of the Central Region which lies between the Mississippi
and the Ohio rivers.

                3. The Department of  the Ohio—Table XXXVI.

    Under this  designation are  embraced, after the first of January, 1863, all reports
received from troops in  that portion of Kentucky lying east of the  Tennessee river. The
Department of the Ohio, which, as has been explained, was discontinued March 11, 1802
was re-established August 19, 1862, by General Orders  No. 112, and defined as embracing
the States of Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin,  and Kentucky  east of  the  Tennessee
river,  and including Cumberland Gap  and the troops operating in its vicinity, General  II
G. AVright to command.
    As shown above, all this region, except the portion of Kentucky east of the Tennessee
river, has, for geographical reasons, been embraced in a separate table under the designa-
tion  Northern Department.   It has also been found most convenient, on  account of the
complicated movements involved in the retreat of the army of General Buell to Louisville
and its subsequent advance, to embrace this part of Kentucky  in  the Department of the
Cumberland until the close of 1862.   March  25, 1863, General A. E. Burnside assumed
command of the Department of the Ohio.

           4. The Department of  the  Cumberland—Table XXXVII.

    In this table  are  embraced all reports received from the Army of the Ohio under
General Buell, the Army of the  Cumberland  under General Rosecrans, and during the
first six months the reports from that portion of Kentucky lying  east of  the  Tennessee
river.   The Department of the Cumberland, which, as already mentioned, had been merged
into the Departments of the Missouri  and the Ohio November 9, 1861, was re-established
by General Orders No. 163, October  24, 1862, to consist of  the State of  Tennessee east
of the Tennessee river, and  such parts of  northern Alabama and Georgia as should be
occupied  by the troops of the Army of the  Cumberland, General W. S. Rosecrans to
command.  Subsequently to January 1, 1863, these are the limits  relied upon in  the
construction of the table.  The xYrmy of the Ohio under General Buell, at  the commence-
ment  of July, 1862, was  in motion in northern Alabama threatening  Chattanooga.  The
advance of Generals  Kirby Smith and Bragg, after the raids of Forrest and  Morgan in 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
213
July and Augus.t, compelled the retreat of General Buell to Louisville, which he reached
September 25, 1862.   Nashville, however, was still held by its garrison.  General Buell
concentrated his army at Louisville, and, October 1st, being well  reinforced, marched out
after the united Rebel Army under General Bragg.  The battle of Perryville was fought
October 8th, and shortly after the Army was withdrawn towards the line of the Louisville
and Nashville Railroad, where General Rosecrans took  command October 30th.
     General Rosecrans advanced by way of Nashville  towards Murfreesboro', near which
place the battle of  Stone  River  was fought, December  31, 1862, and January 1, 2 and 3,
1863.   After this no further advance of importance was made until June 24th, when the
army was again put in  motion by way of Manchester, flanking  the  Rebel Army under
General Bragg, and compelling its retreat to Chattanooga.

            5. The  Department  of the Tennessee—Table XXXVIII.

     As  already explained, the  Department  of the Tennessee was  created by  General
Orders  No. 159, October  16, 1862, to embrace Cairo, Forts Henry and Donelson, northern
Mississippi, and those portions of Kentucky and Tennessee lying west of the Tennessee
river, General U. S. Grant to command.
     The table embraces the reports received from troops in this region prior to the order,
as well as subsequently.   At the close of the  previous  year the greater part of the army
under General Grant  was in northern Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee.
     September 19th  the battle of Iuka was fought, and October 4th the battle of Corinth.
Subsequently Vicksburg became the objective of the army.   General Grant moved into
northern Mississippi by way of Holly Springs, advancing as far as Oxford; but the capture
of Holly Springs December 20th compelled his retreat to that place.   Meanwhile a part
of the Army of the Southwest under General Hovey had crossed  from Helena, Arkansas,
into  Mississippi, and operated without decided results against the enemy's communications,
and on the day of the fall of Holly Springs a strong force under General W. T. Sherman
embarked at  Memphis, and descended  the Mississippi to the mouth  of the Yazoo, near
which it was disembarked for the attack of Vicksburg.  After the unsuccessful  assault
of December  29th, this  force was re-embarked and carried up the Arkansas and White
rivers to Arkansas  Post, which was captured January  11th.  Subsequently it returned to
the Mississippi river, and towards the close of the month united with  the forces under
General Grant, which descended the river on transports from Memphis, and landed at
Young's Point and  Milliken's  Bend.   General Grant established his  headquarters at
1 oung's Point February 2d, and after various unsuccessful enterprises, among which mav
be mentioned the Yazoo Pass and Steele's Bayou expeditions, began, March 29th, to move
the army by land on  the Louisiana side of the river to  Perkins' Plantation, a point on the
west bank of the  Mississippi a few miles below New Carthage.   After the naval demon- 
214
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
stration against  Grand  Gulf, the army was  marched  to a  point on the Louisiana bank
south of that place, and April  30th the advance  crossed the  river to Bruinsbunr  on
transports which had run by the Vicksburg batteries.   This was followed by the march vja
Jackson, Mississippi, which, after the battles of Port  Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Cham-
pion's Hill, and  Big Black River, terminated in the investment of Vicksburg May 19th
The siege of Vicksburg  was then pressed till the surrender of  that place, July 4, 1863.

                6.  The Department of the Gulf—Table XXXIX.

    This table  embraces reports from substantially the same region as the table for the
previous year.   August 8,  1862, west Florida was annexed, which,  as already explained,
had from the  first  been consolidated in these  tables  with  the  Department of the Gulf.
March  16, 1863,  Key  West and  Fort Jefferson,  Tortugas, were added; they have,
nevertheless, been consolidated with the Department of the South.
    August 5, 1862, a  rebel force attacked  Baton Rogue, but was repulsed;  the place
was, however, evacuated on the 12th.  Towards  the  close of October General AVeitzel
made an expedition into the La Fourche District, which he occupied.
    December 14th General N.  P. Banks reached New Orleans with reinforcements, and
took command of the Department.  In  March he concentrated an army at Baton Rouge,
and after a demonstration against Port Hudson, moved  into the Teche District, penetrating
as  far  as Alexandria, on the Red river, which was reached early in May.  After  the
termination of this expedition  General Banks returned to  the vicinity of Baton Rouge,
and thence moved against Port Hudson,  the siege of which continued from the latter part
of May till the surrender of the  place, July 8, 1863.

                   7. The Department of the Northwest—Table XL.

    This table embraces the reports received from troops within the same limits as were
assigned in constructing Table  XVII, viz: the States of Iowa and Minnesota, and  the
Territories of Nebraska  and Dakota.  The reports  from  the  State  of AVisconsin, which
officially formed  a part of the Department of the Northwest, have been consolidated with
the Northern  Department.   The most important events during the year were the Indian
massacres,  during  the summer  of  1862  and the  following spring,  which led to  the
expedition of  General Sibley in the summer of 1863.

                8.  The Department of the  Missouri—Table XLI.

    This Department was reorganized  by General Orders  No. 135, September 19, 1862.
By this order the Department was composed  of the States of Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas,
and the  bordering Indian  Territory; Alton, Illinois, was also attached.   General S. R- 
                      DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 18G3.                   215

Curtis was assigned to command.   The limits here indicated  have been  observed  in
constructing the table, with the exception of Alton, Illinois, which has been included in
the Northern Department,  and of the force at Plelena, Arkansas,  which, on account of  its
position and its intimate relations with the army of General Grant, has  been consolidated
with the Department of the Tennessee.
     October 11,  1862, the Territories of  Colorado and Nebraska  were added  to the
Department of the Missouri by General  Orders  No. 155.  This  change, however, has
been disregarded in constructing  the  table.   General E.  V.' Turner was assigned  to
command  March 9th. and  General J.  M. Schofield May 13th, 1863. 
21G
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
          TABLE XXXIV.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
			18(>:2.							
	Jul	.Y.	August.		September.		Octolek.		November.	
										
	4,851.		2,377.		7,656.		21,244.		25,462.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths. 08 ' 8	
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Ohder I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	31	11 3	18 16	11 2	38 56	11 2	09	2		
										
							53	1	13 I	
										
	14 40 6		3 10 27 9		90 52 69		200 246 363 21 2 1,384 84 257 18 10		141 l -	
									79 154 4	
										
										
										
	379 3 84 2 1	2 2	319 4 34	1	422 3 107	3			741 43 140 9 22	1 1
										
										
										
			1		8					
										
	39		12				165		137	
										
							9 73 215 168 27 92 12	2	20 83 638 51 29 108 4 0 6	
	35		1		3 5 166 25 35 4 1					
										
	20 2 1 10	1	14							
Order 11.—Enthetie Diseases.										
										
			2							
										
										
										
	1 3		4 1		2		1			
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.										
										
							1		1	
										
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	25 8		13 G		40 ' 10 2 2		172 146		168 193 55 1 3	
										
										
	2						2			
										
							1 9 9 6			
	2 3 1	1	2 3		1 • 4	4			2 11 5	........
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.										
44. Scrofula............................................										
										
CLASS III. —PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch.....................									17	
										
48. Other Intestinal Worms.......	6						3		3	
										
Carried forward........										___
	718	20	499	14	1,115	20	3,818	5	2,961	10
										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
217
           TABLE XXXIV



of the Department of Western Virginia.
1863.			1803.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
21,844.			11,511.		13, 529.		13, 554.		14,103.		15,907.		16,498.		14,045.	
[ Cases. Deaths.			Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths-	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	158	12	44	4	48	5	28	5	26	4	59	5	38	1	655	79
2 3 4 5					1 4										1 256	7 1
			8				2		32		55		17			
																
	155		31		92		27		23		48		26		850	
6	82		37		42		35		C5		50		44		782	
7	182		24		55		66		68		129		141		1,304	
8 9 10	2										1		2		39 15 4,985	1
			4 101	1	7 165		2 17G									
	431								177		275		415			
11	52		36		45		33		20	1	49		148		520	2
12	97		26		59		55		66		61		113		1,099	G
13	21		20		17		16		11		7		18		139	1
14	23		8	1	12		7	2	11	1	3		5		111	4
15 16	1 183	3	4 37						3 2		4 1	3	3 2		15 616	3 8
					27	3	11	2								
17 18											2 C		1 10		3 99	
	28		11		10		2		3							
19	134		23		41		24		19		1		15		452	
20	407		185		195		85		47		68		66		1,911	
21 22	33 39						2 20		18 21		5 24		1 17		478 235	3
			16		15											
23	70		24		55		47		53		39		63		587	
24	5		4		6		5		11		7		8		78	
25 26	3 11		1 14		4 4		1 6				1 1		1 7		14 00	
									1							
27 28 29																
	1 3														9 98	
			2		3		1		15		29		41			
30 31 32 €3 34	1								1		2 2 1		1 2 4 1	1	5 10 12 3 1	2
					4 7 1											
						1										
	1															
							I									
35 36	1 190														1 960	
			79		79		43		33		59		59			
37	127		56		68		65		67		51		66		863	
38	11		23		18		2		10		10		33		164	
39 40 41 42 43	2		1						2 1 1	1	2 1 1		6 1		20 6 5 24 81	1 11
																
	2 2 9															
					6 12 *											
		1	9			1	6	2	8	1	6		4	1		
44	2		15		9		4		9		7		7		65	
45 46			1 64		1 1 35										2	
	21						19		9		10		5		180	
47 48 49																
	1		1				o		2						IS	
																
						10										
	2,491	16	909	6	1,147		.793	11	855	8	1,077	8	1,391	3	17,824	131
28 
2i«S                           SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XXXIV.—DEPARTMENT  OF WESTERN VIRGINIA—Continued.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength.
lS(i_.
LIST OF DISEASES.
       Brought forward...............
CLASS  IV.—LOCAL  DISEASES.
         -Diseases of Nervous System.
69.
70.
71.
72.

73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.

83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
68.
81).
90.
91.
92.

93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
9S.
99.
100.
101,
102.
103.
    Order I.
Apoplexy.............................
Epilepsy..............................
Headache.............................
Insanity..............................
Inflammation of Brain.................
Inflammation of Membranes of Brain..
Inflammation of Spinal Chord.........
Nostalgia.............................
Neuralgia............................■
Paralysis............................
Sun-stroke...........................
Other Diseases of this Order..........
        Order  II.—Diseases of Eye.
Amaurosis...........................
Cataract.............................
Inflammation of Conjunctiva....................
Inflammation of Iris............................
Night Blindness................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
        Order 111.—Diseases of Ear.
Earache.......................................
Inflammation of Internal Ear....................
Deafness.......................................
Otorrhoea......................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
OKI>i;u IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
Aneurism......................................
Valvular Disease of Heart......................
Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
Inflammation of Pericardium....................
Inflammation of Endocardium..................
Inflammation of Veins..........................
Varicose Veins.................................
Varicocele.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
  ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
Asthma........................................
Acute Bronchitis............................
Chronic Bronchitis..........................
Dropsy of Chest............................
Haemorrhage from Nose.....................
Inflammation of Lar}-nx___..............__
Inflammation of Lungs.....____.............
Inflammation of Pleura......................
Haemorrhage from Lungs....................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
  Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Colic.......................................
Constipation.................
Cholera Morbus..............
Cirrhosis of Liver............
Dropsy from Hepatic Disease.
Dyspepsia...................
Diseases of Pancreas.........
Diseases of Spleen...........
Fistula in Ano................
Hernia.......................
Haemorrhage from Stomach...
July.
4,851.
Cases.
718
Carried forward.
852
2,377.
Cases.
23
Deaths.
14
639
September.
7, 656.
Cases.
Deaths.
20
1,535
October.
21,244.
Cases.  Deaths
3,818
20
  4
  5
 16

  9
 63
  8
  o
  7
 14
125
 29
  6
109
150
 20
18
4,700
November,
  25,462.
Cases. Deaths.
2,981
  4
  8
  1

  9
103
 21
  1
  3
 15
 96
 25
  9
179

 67
169
 26
20
   1
   1
  26
   1

4,057 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1863.
219
TABLE XXXD7.—DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA—Continued.
1862.			1803.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
21,844.			11,511.		13,529.		13,554.		14,'103.		15, 907.		16,498.		14,045.	
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	2,491	16	909 1 6 44 1	6 1	1,147 1 8 43 1	10 1	793 1 2 53 1	11	855 1 5 38	8	1,077 1 9 61 1 1	8	1,391	3	17,824 G 51 527 10 8 4 27 57 446 20 21 64 o 8 383 26 16 32 157 47 17 45 6	131 I 1 8 1 1 2
	4 79 2 1												2 44			
									1 1 3 2 39 1 6	1						
			1 2 3 39 6													
	1 13 87 2				1 5 36 2		7 2 39 1	1			5		1			
											32 1 9		4.3 2 1 1			
	15 1		1	1	6 1 4 32 11 1		6									
																
			1 37 4						2 30 1 2 1 15 8 3 7							
	60 3						28 1 2 3 9 4 1 3 1				40 4 5		34 1 4			
	3 46 2 2 9 1		3 1G 8 3 4													
					17						10		6 2 2 4			
					3 4						1 3					
																
	4	... .......	2 1		7		2 1 1				2 1		1		18 3 1 8 9	1
																
								1								
	1		1		2 7				2 1				1			
											1					
																
	3 2		5 4		5 4 2 8 159 16		8 3		4 9		8 6		7 4		49 54 20 57 1,012 178 6 29 113 656 236 59 809 377 1,023 148	1 1 1 2 25 1 1 1
	13 240 51 3 14 11 104 25 8 200 51 174 23	1 1	6 48 11				1 44 23		5 107 22		3 38 15		2 41 10			
																
		4	11 63 17 1 62 13 42 7	4	21 66 48 5 48 20 68	1 2	19 66 24 12 11 16 65 1	4 1	11 42 21 14 85 24 54 5	7	9 46 15 3 27 15 63 7	1	1 36 23			
													65 29 90 20			
																
													2 33		2 229	
	26		23		34		20		25		22					
		I													2 13 194 6	
	1 25 I				2 24 1		1 11		1 25							
			21								11		12 2			
																
	3,802	22 1	1,427	12 1 1,870 1 14			1,286	18	1,478	16	1,552	9	1,917	3	25,115	179
 
220
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXIV.—DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA—Concluded.
	IS					>>.				--~
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
	4,851.		2,377.		7,650.		21,211.		25 4(J>	
										
• LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 1	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deathi. la
	852	23	639	15	1,535	20	4,700	8	4,057	
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	1	1	5		17		44 29 4 11 35 15 134 48 45 .2 1	1	99 8 2	
										
					2					
			4							
									21 14 271 58 3 1	
										
	10 4 1	1	14 2 8		42 13 9					
										
										
Okdei. VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
					1					
									2 2 4 11 4 4 1 G	
										
' l8ea 3 °										
					1 2		3 1 1			
	1									
										
										
							14			
ORDER VHI.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
									1 3	
					o					
										
									1 3 6 47 29 5 11 33 17 20	
										
										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.			7 1		19		59 30 16			
	2									
										
			1 2 2 4		4 21					
	9						27			
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.—Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 136. Burns............................................										
	3			1	6		14			
										
										
	16 o		13 1		10		37		27 5 2	
										
					2		4			
										
	2 2 2	3	1	1	13 5 75	4 12	10 6 19 1 1 62	1	23 12 4 5 1 11	6
										
		1	2							
										
148. Poisoning......................										
149. Other Accidents and Injuries.........................			1		5					
										
										
										
Total................				.......						25
	907	29	707	17	1,784	36	5,373	10	4,834	
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING  JUNE 30, 1803.
221
TABLE XXXIV.—DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA—Concluded.
180;-. !			1803.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
21,844.			11.	511.	13,	329.	13, 554.		14,103.		15,907.		16,498.		14,045.	
—	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	3,802	22	1,427	12	1,870	14	1,286	18	1,478	10	1,552	9	1,917	3	25,115	179
											3				3	
105	56		18		16		24		38		34		34		38G	
106	5		6		15		3		4		6		4		80	1
107	5	1	24		8		3		1		1		2		52	1
108 109			4 14								3 5				22 116	1
	14				G		12		8				1			
110	19		15		13		4		13		9		7		109	
HI	120		29		65		25		17		24		19		770	
112	42		24		37		28		36		15		26		333	
113	1		2		10		12		13		32	1	13		149	2
114 115 116 117 118 119	5				2 1		5		4				1		20 4 7 4 12 78	
			1													
	1								4							
			1		1 1 21											
	6 5								1 8							
			3				12				2		12			
120 121	2 6				2 3		12 2				1 3				25 23	
			1						2				1			
122 123			2										1		4 33	
	7				2		3				1					
124 125 126 127 128 129 130									2		1				3 4 21 1 8 13 15	
	1 5				1		1 1									
			7						1				2			
					1 2 3											
	1 2 9					.......	1 1		1 2		1		1 1			
			I													
																
131	31		25		3		15		14		21		22		263	
132	50		22		17		21		27		20		21		240	
133 134	4 6		1 5		2 7		>		3 10		1 4		2 4		34 57	
							5									
135	37		3		5		6						10		153	
136	5		4	2	7		3		4		5		7		54	2
137	18		6		12		16		23		11		43		176	1
138 139 140										1			1	1	1	o 2
																
	36		6		17		16		17		18		29		242	
141 142 143 144	3 1 1 9	........	6		1 2		2		1 1 1 8				1 4		16 3 128	36
																
										1	1 34					
		2	1	2	2	1	13	3				10	12	2		
145	12		5		6		1		I		5		6		61	
146	8		3		5		2		1		2		3		12G	13
147 148 149 150 151 152	1				5				1		1		3 1		17 3 109	1 1
																
	24				2	1	1	1	3							
																
																
																
																
	4,360	25	1,G6R	16	2,173	16	1,536	22	1,748	18	1,816	20	2,211	8	29,115	242
 
222                SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE XXXV.



Abstract of the Sickness  and Mortality
					1809.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVE	
										
	919.		929.		7,784.		13,735.		9,4	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 17
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	3	1	11		29	4	121 7 47	22	59	
										
	8		13		67	1			19	
										
	26 215 60 12 20 3 186 6 29		60 78 10	1	117 213 26 5 8 193 33 45 5 2	1 1 3 4 1 1	304 450 255 13 15 879 62 127 2 3 2 6	2 1 4 4 1 1 1	135 146 69 5 5 238 34 49 4 14 6 82 1 11 84 129 55 38 106 13 3 6	7 1 4 1 1 8 1
										
										
										
		1								
			4 47 1 14	1						
										
										
										
										
										
	63	1	10		3					
										
							19 32 337 140 47 114	7		
	G		7		16					
										
	47 1		20		GO 4 29					
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis............................................										
										
24. Orchitis.............................................										
25. Stricture of the Urethra.............................							2 o			
										
27. Serpent Bite........................................										
					2					
ORDER ID.—Dietic Diseases.										
									1 5 3 3	1
							6 5			
										
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
					18 18 3 1		72 63 16 2		49 47 3 1	2
	16		14							
										
			2							
										
			1							
	8 1						20 14 4			
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.					] 1			2	13	
44. Scrofula.............................										
										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch...........									8	
										
										
49. Other Diseases of this Order. ..							1			
Carried forward.....										43
	710	3	292	2	899	16	5,189	45	1,444	
--.---------										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.                  223
      TABLE XXXV.



of the Northern Department.
1862.									1863.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
6,798.			5,076.		3,249.		6,422.		3,910.		4,	175.	4,337.		5,553.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	5	4	12	G	9	7	25	6	9	3	11	3	16	5	310	78
2 3 4 5															7 207	7
	2	6	13		5		11		12		2		8			
	3G	3	13				59	1	24	2			37		818	
G	62		59		31		108		104		37		59		1,562	1
7	76		47		83		139		49		63		55		932	
8 9			10 1		7 5		52 6						1 1		105 65	1 11
	1							2	2		1					
10	202		174		90		155		52	1	64		122		2,17G	6
11	33	2	21	6	4	3	26	2	20		32	4	78		576	25
12	19		13		8		24		6		6		33	1	335	3
13 14	2 10	4	3 10	5	1 1								10 23	1 7	70 128	4 21
							24		28	3	13	2				
15	1	3	38	7	19	4	11	6	29	7	12	4	9	6	127	39
16	90	6	25	8	6		31		2	1	14	3	12		344	19
17 18 19	1 G 54									1 2					2 45 359	1 13
		3	2 74				6 27		1 5							
					28						10		16			
20	1G3		117		133		399	1	189		108		74		1,649	1
21 22	84 31	1	10 10		137 8		17 19								570 241	9
									6		20		57			
23	57		28		13		43		28		45		73		536	
24	3		4		2		5		5		5		15		52	
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34	1 3		1 1		1 5		3 10								11 37	
									10							
																
			1 3	1 1	1										4 43 6 28 34 6	1 2 4
							3 5 5 3				16		21			
					1	1										
	3 1 3	2							4 15			1	4 6			
			1													
																
																
35 36																
	86		40		28		56		10		8	1	5		372	3
37	53		39	1	27	1	37		22		31		66		433	2
38 39 40 41 42 43	22 5		16	1	5	1	21		3	1			12		101 11 3 7 42 72	3 13
																
							2 2		1							
	1										1		2			
			10 5		4 4											
	6	1				1	12	3	G	2		1	10	3		
44 45 46	7		3 1		4				5				6		29 23 161	
							20 38									
	24				27				1		31		31			
47 48 49																
																
			4				2								7	
																
	1,153	35	811	36	697	18	1,406	21	648	23	537	19	860	23	12,646	284
 
224
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXV.—NORTHERN DEPARTMENT—Continued.
	180'.									MIIKR.
	July.		August.		September.		October,		N'OVF	
										
	919.		929.		7,784.		13,735.		9,406.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 45	Cases. 1,444	Death*. 43
	710	3	292	2	899	16	3,189			
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order J.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
					1 3		9 7 4 2	1 3	1 7 1 o	
										
	1									
										
	1	1								
							3 I 30 3		3 21 16 2	1
			3							
	4				9					
										
					1 3					
							2			
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
							1 61 2		3 33 1	
	12		6		22					
										
										
							3 4			
Order 1H.—Diseases of Ear.									11 2	
										
										
	1		2				G		2 1 1 1	
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										
										
										
			1						1	
	1						1 2 2 14 9 7 81 4	o		
										
									17 9 9 4 97 15	
	1		3							
					1 3 47 4	1				
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs. 83. A sthma.............................................										
	35		8 3							
										
										
			5 1 1				2 75 5G 7 G 5 26 172 8			
	2				2 10 1	o		2 2 1 1	16 73 11 5 6 17 33 3	18
										
	6 1									
										
92. Other Diseases of this Order.......................					1 18 21 2	1				
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic...............................	22 20		16 8							
										
95. Cholera Morbus...........................•___										
	1									
	i					1			1 7	
98. Dyspepsia.........................	........1........				8		5			
										
100. Diseases of Spleen........	i						3			
101. Fistula in Ano........	;								2 1 26 1 1 1,905	62
i 102. Hernia.......	4		3		5		23 4	57		
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach										
Carried forward___					---					
	820	4	351			21	3,839			
1 _				~						
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.                    225
TABLE XXXV—NORTHERN DEPARTMENT—Continued.
1863.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
6,798.			5, 076.		3,249.		6,422.		3,910.		4,075.		4, 337.		5,553.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 9C 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100	1,153 6 45 4 2 4 3 3 26 3	35 1	811	36	697	18	1,406	21	648 1 4 16	23	537	19	860	23	12,646 1 43 187 14 8 5 21 48 179 15 1 11	284 1 2 10 5 2
			4 15		3 6		11 38 1 1 6	........		1	1 27 2	3	3 23 1 1			
						1 2		1 1		2						
		1														
			3 7 12 1						1 1 16		1		1			
					12 19											
							24 2				11 1		12 3	1		
																
	2				1								3			
																
	2 45														413 4	
			21		24		64 1		40		44		41	""l		
																
							3 19 4								6 72 22 5 55 1 2 24 11 5 11 24 4 50 50 20 38 682 102	1 2 1 2 2 4 2
	11 6 1 10		2	........	6 4 1 4				7 3 1 4		6		6 3 1 4			
		........	1 10													
							3				9					
									1 1 5			1 1				
	1		3		1					1	12 1		5			
							5 5									
																
	1		4					1					5 10			
							2		5		fi					
	1		2 1 1													
	6 6 1 2 99 40			........	1 1	1	13 5		2		4 7		4 3			
																
		........	5 36 15		7 36		6 111 8	1	3 24 4	1	1 12 5					
												1	96 4	3		
																
	21 9 70 15 4 33 13 78						1 64 76 17 o 64 26 29 5				1 8 14 8 2				30 229 356 92 23 202 177 521 29	3 93 4 2 2
		6 1	21 10 5 2 64 3 33 1	5 1	10 15 5	11		1 18	18 24 6	12		9 1 1	3 7 11 1	10 1		
					29 10 23											
									1 18		12 27 5		13 59 5			
																
	3 19						7 31		3 12				1 16		15 142	1
			13		13						18					
			1				4 1 5 1						1		9 5 103 7	
im									2 3							
102 103	16		6		2 1						7		3			
																
	1,763	44	1,113	42	931	33	2,071	44	874	40	789	36	1,209	38	16,726	423 i
29 
220'
 SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS

TABLE  XXXV.—NORTHERN DEPARTMENT—Conchidod.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
             Brought forward......................

Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
J?L Haemorrhage from Bowels.....
105. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
106. Inflammation of Stomach......
107. Inflammation of Bowels.......
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum...
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver...
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
111. Jaundice......................
112. Piles..........................
113. Other Diseases of this Order...
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
114. Stone and Gravel............................
115. Diabetes.....................................
116. Bright's Disease.............................•
117. Diseases of Prostate..........................
118. Diseases of Testis............................
119. Inflammation of Kidneys.....................
120. Inflammation of Bladder......................
121. Incontinence of Urine.........................
122. Hydrocele....................................
123. Other Diseases of this Order..................
      Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries...................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
1H(J:>.
July.
Cases.  Deaths.
820
August.
September.
Cases.  Deaths.
351
7,784.
Cases.  Deaths.
1,061
2t
October.
    13,735.

Cases.  Deaths,
3,839
  6
176
 27
 31
57
November.
9,406.
Coses.
1,905
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess.......
132. Boils.........
133. Carbuncle.....
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.

152
:LASS  V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS,  AND
                INJURIES.

  ORDER I.—Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
 Burns............................................
Contusions..................
Concussion of Brain.........
Drowning...................
Sprains.....................
Dislocation.................
Simple Fractures............
Compound Fractures........
Gunshot Wounds............
Incised Wounds.............
Lacerated Wounds..........
Punctured Wounds..........
Poisoning...................
Other Accidents and Injuries .
ORDER II.—Homicide.......
ORDER in.—Suicide.
. ORDER TV.—Execution of Sentence .

             Total.................
839
111
  2
  1
  1
384
1,576
4,279
2,198 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING  JUNE 30, 1863.
227
TABLE XXXV.—NORTHERN DEPARTMENT—Concluded.
1863.			18! 53.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
6,798.			5,076.		3,249.		6,422.		3,910.		4,075.		4, 337.		5 553.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 1
104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152	1,763 1 88 11 8	44	1,113	42	931	33	2,071	44	874	40	789 2 30	36	1,209	38	16, 726 3 336 41 32 6 87 36 427 154 83 4 9 5	423 5 5 4 1 1 1 2 1
		1	21 4 1		21 1	2	27 1	1	49 5 2 6 3 3 13	1			15 6			
																
							2 5 6 15 17 1 1 2 4	2		1						
	14 10 33 12 33 1	1	12 6 42 10 7		18											
													3 6 15 6 2	1		
					14 15						4 9					
																
																
						1										
																
							6 12 3 3		7 5						18 45 9 7 4 14 10 5 16 5 12 6 6 107 97 14 25 437 15 83 1	1 1 3
	1 2										3		4 1 1			
			1 1 1													
									1 1							
																
													2			
							2 2 3 2 2 2		1 3 3							
																
											6 3		1			
																
					1			1	1				1			
			1 4 5 3													
	1 9 22															
					9 4		13 25 2 3 3 1 20		6 4		8 13		7 13 2 4 61 1 22			
	2 7 2 5		1 8		3 15						3 1 1 6					
									6							
		1	2		4				2							
																
	27		7		10 1		10		12		11 1		9 3		108 9 9	1
	1															
																
	18 7 2 2				1	1	8	1	1 2	3	6	1	39 6	2	187 53 23 24 3 25	19 1 4
			15 4 7													
							2				4 7					
													1 1			
																
	4	1	1		o	1	3									
																
										1						1 2
						I.		1								
			|													
	2,086	48	1,277	42	1,050	39	2,279	50	1,010	46	907	37	1,441	41	19, 326	47G
 
228
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XXXVI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					i«r»oi					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									November.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths,	Cases.	___' Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
Order II.—Enthctic Diseases,										
										
24. Orchitis............................................										
										
										
27. Serpent Bite....................................										
28. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.......................................										
										
										
										
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 43. Consumption......................										
										
45. Other Diseases of this Order........										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch............										
										
										
Carried forward..... i j										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.                   229
      TABLE XXXVI.




of the Department of the Ohio.
1862.			1863-													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			30, 549.		22,197.		30.G82.		45,956.		41,335.		26, 601.		32,886.	
																
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths. i		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49			238	57	88 3 37	50 1	129 3 33	55 5	168 4 45	49 2	121 12 42	23 1	107	20	851 22 288	254 3 15
																
			104	9									27			
																
			326 466 179 47 32 1,443 185 163 12 99 3 413	3 1 6 5 2 2 28 3 36	149 371 135 10 11 585 56 91 1 80 22 240	5 3 2 7 1 31 7 21	236 631 164 5 13 919 142 118 13 76 16 218 10 18 71 291 52 53 84 8 1 1	7 2 1 15 1 9 9 10 1	277 438 329 21 26 1,649 209 184 18 88 21 162 1 23 146 412 58 93 208 £0 7 5	2 2 8 1 6 4 4 5	376 388 424 24 5 1,881 201 267 12 67 11 105	1 1 4 1 2 4 2	201 241 156 24 4 949 107 130 23 48 3 32	3 2 3 2 2	1,565 2,535 1,387 131 91 7,426 900 953 79 458 76 1,170 11 149 658 1,627 332 417 722 80 14 19	21 2 1 14 12 40 5 4 76 27 74 2 1 1 5
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
			55 237 552 8 65 86 17 1 3	1	27 91 178 11 37 59 6 1 3	1 1 4				1	20 66 146 178 107 145 21 2 2		6 47 48 25 62 140 8 2 5			
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
			1 4	4	1 21		6 21		2 82				1 145 1 3 12 3	1 1	11 299 6 25 32 21 16	6 2 2 1
											26 5 5 5 4 13	1 1 1				
																
					2 4 2		2 3 4		13 7 8 3	2						
			1													
																
																
																
			216 155 71 5	1	104 95 26 2	1	192 144 80 5 1 3 3 8 4	9 1	232 170 96 12 1 4 9 32 13	1 8	195 101 69 14 1 2 1 25 6	1 2	89 59 18 5		1,028 724 360 43 3 15 28 109 43 334 6 8	1 1 4 37 1
																
																
																
																
			7 17 11 1 72 4 4		o							3	1 8 8 5	3		
																
				3	19 4	11										
																
																
					37		44 1		95		53 1 2		33			
																
									2							
																
																
1__			j 5,306	161	2,611	146	3,826	125	5,393	95	5,151	48	2,786	37	25,073	612
																
 
230                 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XXXVL—DEPARTMENT- OF THE OHIO—Continued.
Ye v;; .................................					1803.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		Novr	----
										MBER.
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cages. , Deaths.	
									1"---	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Discasts of Nervous System.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
Order II.—Diseasts of Eye.										
										
										
										
										
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear. 68. Earache....................										
										
70. Deafness..............										
71. Otorrhcea.............										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
74. Valvular Disease of Heart.........										
75. Dropsy from Heart Disease......										
76. Dropsy of Pericardium........										
77. Inflammation of Pericardium.........										
78. Inflammation of Endocardium......										
79. Inflammation of Veins.........										
80. Varicose Veins........										
81. Varicocele.............										
82. Other Diseases of this Order........										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
84. Acute Bronchitis........										
85. Chronic Bronchitis.........										
86. Dropsy of Chest............										
87. Haemorrhage from Nose.......										
88. Inflammation of Larynx										
89. Inflammation of Lungs										
90. Inflammation of Pleura.....										
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs.....										
92. Other Diseases of this Order.........										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic..............										
94. Constipation................										
95. Cholera Morbus.......										
96. Cirrhosis of Liver .										
9 /. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease........										
98. Dyspepsia.........										
										
100. Diseases of Spleen ...										
										
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach										
Carried forward___					i					.
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30,  1863.
231
TABLE XXXVL—DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO—Continued.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March,		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
			30,549.		22,197.		30,682.		45,956.		41,	335.	26, 601.		32,886.	
																
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103			5,306 1 14 252 1 5 3 10 11 144 4	161 4 2 2	2,611 4 9 56 2 1 1 16 69 3	146 2 2 1 2	3,826 1 10 79 2 8 1 1 5 71 3	125 1 3	5,393 3 12 98 1 4 1 7 6 130 1	95 1 3 2	5,151 2 8 90 4 2 1 1 6 85 2 1 3 3 1 120 2 3 17 20 9 3 13	48 1 2 1	2,786	37	25,073 11 59 646 11 20 7 20 47 550 13 5 28 14 18 560 6 9 42 204 34 18 80 1 1 23 3 4 4 6 3 63 56 9 58 1,186 173 4 24 190 965 274 87 1,117 410 597 141 5 33 230	612 5 15 6 4 3 5 3 3 2 8 2 8 223 4 1 8 1
																
													G 71 1 1	1		
																
																
																
																
																
													3 48			
																
																
													4 7 1 1 82			
			12 4 1 110	3	1		4 2 13 58 2		1 4 2 145 2 1 15 27 7 6 22							
																
																
					45											
																
			3 2 90 10 4 19										2 2 24 2 2 5			
					2 10 2 1 12		4 33 4 2 9 1									
																
																
																
																
																
													1 2	1		
			3 1 1		8	2	6	2	1 1 2 1 3 1 14 14 1 17 367 33 2 7 6 201 55 9 270 93 116 27 2 8 51	2	3 1					
																
				1			1 1	1								
						1					1 2		1	1		
			1													
					1 3 6 6 7 127 20	2 2	1 7 5									
			9 16 1 9 228 43	1 1						1 1	23 9 1 11 152 25		7 6			
																
																
							9 253 44					4	5 59 8 2 1 12 32 22 3 18 39 57 48	6		
																
																
																
			8 61 272 47 9 273 91 174 22 1 1 37	83 1 1	1 16 163 14 4 156 33 27 7 1 12 25	50 1 1	1 65 180 92 53 303 53 102 4 1 8 32	6 33 1 7		1 38 1 1	6 30 117 44 9 97 101 121 33	1 13 3				
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
											3 72		1 13			
																
																
			2 7 49 1				7 1 27		11 4 36						20 22 205 5	
					4 36 2						5 41 1		1 16 1			
																
																
									7,241							
			7,373	260	3,524	212	5,398	179		146	6,455	73	3,403	40	33, 394	916
																
 
o;>2                 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXVL—DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO—Concluded.
	180!-.									"~"!---1
	July.		August.		September.		October.		N'C"vi:mi;i:i;.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deathi.
										
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
■										
										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.										
										
										
										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.—Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
151. Order in.—Suicide........										
										
					i					—--'
										
					1					
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
233
TABLE XXXVL—DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO—Concluded.
186'		} 1 ER.	1863.													
DECEMB			January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		April.		May.		JUNE.		Total.	
			30,549.		22,197.		30, G82.		45, 956.		41,	335.	26, 601.		32,88G.	
																
104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 3,403 2 19 4 2 1 3 11 1.8 34 8 4	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			7,373 5 162 18 13 1 14 14 310 70 10 10 10	260	3,524	212	5,398 2 109 13 11 6 10 2 145 52 5 2 2 3 1 2 15 3 6 2	179 3 1	7,241 5 1G1 24 5 2 43 10 88 81 40 4 1 3	146 2 1 1 1	6,455 3 59 14	73 1		46 1	33,394 17 590 76 31 11 98 55 748 361 77 27 14 9 4 18 73 29 25 11 8 11 2 32	910 1 5 6 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1
																
				1 1 2	80 3											
																
																
											1 21 10 43 82	1 2				
				1	7 8 144 42 14 5	1 1										
																
																
																
																
											2 1 1 1 3 14					
																
					1	1							1 2 2 6 3 3 1 1			
																
			8 13 12 2 3		3 12 7 8 1 2											
								1	13 4 3 2 5 5							
																
										1	3 2	........				
																
																
			3 2 6				2				1					
																
							3		9		9		5			
																
			2 2				2 1 2 29 28 1 9 17 11 24		2 3 4 57 74 5 15 32 7 62 1 61 6 18 4 25 16 19 8 2 11						6 7 7 250 312 32 62 107 50 225 4	1 G 2 32 1 3 2 1 1
					1											
										1 1 5 1	1 70 91 10 11 19 9 67 2 72 7 9 2 49 14 11 11 6 4					
			33 69 9 5 27 8 24		13 14 4 3 5 11 !2							1 1 4 2	48 36 3 19 7 4 36 1 36 2 3 o 65 10 4 3	2 8 1		
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
								2 4								
			46		18 1 1 1 8 5 7 1	1 2	29 1 3 1 28 8 4								262 17 38 11 186 60 49 23 9 32	
																
			4 1 11 7 4	9												
																
																
																
																
																
			I 4													
					1		7					2	5			
																
				1												
152										1						
__															37,470	
__			8,316	275	3,967	218	5,999	190	8,181	161	7,190	87	3,817	58		S89
																
30 
234
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
          TABLE  XXXVII.



Abstract of the Sickness  and Mortality
					1802.				---1	
	...									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November. 92,047.	
										
	64,860.		58, 663.		63,112.		102,901.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 641 5 290	Deaths. 135 1 5
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases. 1. Typhoid Fever..................................... 2. Typhus Fever.....................................	331 12 225	60 2 5	299 5 355	31	206	13	437 21 299	46 5		
				2	166	1				
										
	935 708 676 77 52 3,781 789 369 65 G7	7 8 4 15 2	713 659 607 10 12 2,766 ■697 244 47 50	5 1 5 7 2	963 1,493 895 231 31 5,134 650 735 60 61 1 4	2 2 1 2 2	1,626 2,867 2,077 213 68 7,119 822 1,876 151 79	3 1 4 8 3 11 2	1,520 2,456 1.5G7 J 7-1 65 6,321 1,198 1,218 131 115 1 751 1 14 444 1,895 386 223 401 69 17 11	13 1 4 17 2 17 8 7 1 13 3
										
										
										
9. Congestive Intermittent Fever.....................										
10. Acute Diarrhoea.........................										
11. Chronic Diarrhoea.................										
12. Acute Dysentery...................										
13. Chronic Dysentery.............										
										
										
	5 1	1	7				285	1		
17. Scarlet Fever.....................										
18. Diphtheria...................							1 185 730 490 220 455 47 13 16	2 1 5		
	167 2 541 65 149 36 6	18 •	47 8 627 80 109 32 2	13	81 41 678 148 266 31 7	4				
20. Epidemic Catarrh...........										
21. Other Diseases of this Order.......										
ORDER Il.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis....................										
23. Gonorrhoea...................										
24. Orchitis....................										
25. Stricture of the Urethra...........										
26. Purulent Ophthalmia..............										
27. Serpent Bite................	2		1							
28. Other Diseases of this Order.........							15 12	2	11 10 1 7 20 6 34 fi 784	1
Order m.—Dictic Diseases. 29. Scurvy..................	56		36		9					
30. Purpura.....................										
31. Delirium Tremens.........	2 9		5 4		8 1	2	11 23 1 8	2		
32. Inebriation..............										
33. Chronic Alcoholism...........										
34. Other Diseases of this Order........										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout.................	1 288 303 16 61	1	24 142 243 14 44							
3G. Acute Rheumatism...........				1	331 317 20 43		603 613 59 91			
37. Chronic Rheumatism.........										
38. Anaemia................										
39. General Dropsy.............									125 69 7 3 51 109 21	■I 1 6 1
40. Cancer..................										
41. Tumors..................	7 20 44 16		3 14 37 15	6	4 17' 43 7	2	8 61 48 16	3		
42. Other Diseases of this Order.........										
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 43. Consumption..........										
44. Scrofula........										
45. Other Diseases of this Order......										
CLASS lll.-PARASITIC DISEASES.							3		..... 19 1 13	
	8		6		3		15			
49. Other Diseases of this Order										
										.
	8,892	123	7,964	73	12,685	31	21, 684	99	22,099	238
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
235
         TABLE  XXXVII.



of the Department of the Cumberland.
1862.									1863.				Ju			
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.			STE.	Total.	
107,647.			90, 543.		103,298.		102,453.		104, 885.		105,740.		99,439.		91, 349.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	605	164	390	73	554	101	449	79	382	84	300	55	151	10	4,745	851
2	4	1	7		10	8	11	4	12	4	12	7	2 ........		101	27
3 4 5	225	2	93	5	213	6	211	8	170	8	178	2	82 ........ i		2,507	49
	1,290	8	1,074	9	1,286	7	1,295	6	1,477	10	1,987	5	1,316	2	15, 482	77
6	1,948		1,219	1	1,167	2	1,334	1	1,603		2,068		1,573		19,095	6
7	1,148	1	793		956		1,156		1,163	1	1,399		1,181		13,618	6
8	144		177		247	1	130	1	223		190		102		1,918	2
9	58	14	74	11	66	15	79	6	86	9	94	5	35	3	720	95
10	5,697	6	5,141		5,323	2	6,008		5,714	6	7,800	10	7,154	1	66,958	45
11	829	37	1,088	35	1,027	43	1,344	36	1,132	25	1,256	21	831	6	11, G63	247
12	981	6	847	2	1,029	3	895	6	864		1,604	4	2,312	8	12, 974	52
13	108	12	194	5	125	4	149	3	95	1	111	1	94		1,330	35
14	161	32	81	11	142	23	129	10	115	9	123	2	105	4	1,228	94
15	4		3		9	1	9	1	28	2	7		6		68	4
16	888	65	208	8	173	13	141	7	48	1	33		3		2,546	109
17 18	4 35				3 77	1 1	1 50	1 2			2 42				12 301	2 10
			27	3					43			2	12			
19	594		252		429	1	483		243		132		32		3,089	2
20	1,985		754	.........	856		879		528		293	1	119		8,090	1
21	460	4	169		251	5	107	4	135	4	218		59		4,121	60
22	201		148		158		158		172		202		141		1,916	
23	358		207		213		230	.....	212		286		183		3,069	
24	56		41		37		34	__....	45		49		29		506	
25	12		2		11		4		1		5		4		84	
26	12		15		28		35		27		52		33		229	
27 28					1 10 107						1 7				5 78	
			2				20		12				1			
29	14		4				163		324	1	303		116		1,154	3
30	6		8		1		18		60		19		6		119	
31	8		2	1	1		5	1	10		4		2		65	7
32	36		7		2		10		17		14	1	6		149	1
33	8		5		1		1		7		2		3	1	34	1
34	15		23		3				52		19		4		158	
35 36	4 923	2	1 487	1	4 639	1	1 572	2					2 363		43 6,241	9
									598	3	511					
37	912	3	684	1	735		785	1	590		371		288		6,729	5
38	126	3	134	9	146	1	178	3	159	1	159		116		1,252	19
39	61	3	43	1	34		42		30		19		14	1	551	6
40 41			1 3				1 12		1 12				1 15		11 80	
	3				6						4					
42	37		21		24	2	1		8		2		1	----	257	2
43	88	9	89	14	103	17	118	21	91	7	81	4	31	3	885	92
44	25		43		28		42		50		35		14		312	1
45 46	1 53						2 122						1 104		4 848	
			158		126				141		122					
47			2		1		2		5		3		1		15	
48	12		10		14		26		11		27		5		150	
49									1		1				2	
					...											
	20,139	372	14,731	190	16,376	258	17,442	203	16,697	176	20,150	120	16,653	39	195,512	1,922
 
236
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XXXVII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE  CUMBERLAND—Continued.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
              Brought forward....................
       CLASS  IV.—LOCAL DISEASES.

       Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
50. Apoplexy.......................................
51. Epilepsy........................................
52. Headache.......................................
53. Insanity........................................
54. Inflammation of Brain...........................
55. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain.............
56. Inflammation of Spinal Chord....................
57. Nostalgia......................................■
58. Neuralgia......................................
59. Paralysis.......................................
60. Sun-stroke......................................
61. Other Diseases of this Order.....................
            Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
62. Amaurosis......................................
63. Cataract........................................
64. Inflammation of Conjunctiva.....................
05. Inflammation of Iris............................
66. Night Blindness.................................
67. Other Diseases of this Order....................
            Order III.—Diseases of Ear.
G8. Earache.......................................
69. Inflammation of Internal Ear...................
70. Deafness.......................................
71. Otorrhoea......................................
72. Other Diseases of this Order....................
    Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
73. Aneurism......................................
74. Valvular Diseaso of Heart......................
75. Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
76. Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
77. Inflammation of Pericardium...................
78. Inflammation of Endocardium..................
79. Inflammation of Veins..........................
80. Varicose Veins.................................
81. Varicocele.....................................
82. Other Diseases of this Order....................
      Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma..............._........................
84. Acute Bronchitis...............................
85. Chronic  Bronchitis.............................
86. Dropsy of Chest...............................
87. Hasmorrhagefrom Nose........................
68. Inflammation of Larynx........................
89. Inflammation of Lungs.........................
90. Inflammation of Pleura.........................
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs.......................
92. Other Diseases of this Order....................
      Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic..........................................
94. Constipation...................................
95. Cholera  Morbus................................
96. Cirrhosis of Liver..............................
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease...................
98. Dyspepsia.....................................
99. Diseases of Pancreas........„..................
100. Diseases of Spleen..........................
101. Fistula in Ano.....................
102. Hernia.............................
103. Hseinorrhage from Stomach............
1802.
July.
64,860.
Cases.  Deaths.
8,892
  4
 15
151
  8
  3
  2
  7
163
  9
 29
 31

  3
  3
144
  1
  2
 10

 50
 27
  7
 29
123
August.
58,663.
Cases.  Deaths
7,964
  1
 16
148
  7
  1
Carried forward .
  5
  1
  1
 19
 37
 19

 22
494
 52
  3
  6
 17
103
 68
  6
  6

249
172
209
14
 11
151
  9
 17
 23

  1
  2
149
468
 32
  1
 94
 47
 12
 26

264
231
212
September.
63,112.
Cases.  Deaths.
12,685
  4
 20
127
  5
 II
  3
  7
183
  5
 17
 36

  1
  2
169
  1
 27
 30

 G6
 19
  2
 16
  3
11,268
10,216
89
 29
 29
  2

 31
452
 31
  2
  7
 25
141
 37
 29
 45

497
509
210
  5
100
 14
  9
112
October.
102,901.
Cases.  Deaths,
21,684
  5
 35
 92
  6
  2
  9
 16
 21
270
 19
  5
 25

  6
  2
381
  2
 14
 12

 66
 18
 18
 28
  4

  1
  3
15,764
34
 54
384
 81
  2
 12
 42
257
124
 35
207

664
472
270
  1
  5
134
99
 14
 10
177
  6
25,839
NOVEMUEIt.
   92,047.

Cases. Deaths.
127 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING JUNE  30, 1863.
237
TABLE XXXVIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND—Continued.
1802.									1863.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
107,647.			90, 543.		103, 298.		102	453.	104, 885.		105, 740.		99,439.		91,349.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 16,653	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	20,139	372	14,731	190	16,376	258	17,442	203	16,697	176	20,150	120		39	195,512	1,922
50	11	5	3	4	4	4	3	2	2	3	5	2	o	1	49	34
51	36	1	25	1	42	1	27		40		50	2	27	1	369	8
52	401		299		401		393		423		420		372		3,495	
53	9		15		5		9		7		25		6		112	1
54	10	6	7	4	10	10	12	9	6	8	5	1	3	2	79	44
55 56	5 38	3	2 27	2	4 22	1 1	7 7	4	2 12	1	11	1			38 212	13 1
													12			
57	29		24		39	1	52		58		54		10		339	2
58	388		278		37G		397		343		382		276		3,602	
59	20		30	1	14		15	3	24		23		12		198	8
60							2		3		11		12 119		97 434	1 9
61	18	I	21		38	1	57	1	28		17	1				
G2	8		2		11		10		6		11		7		73	
G3	4		14		1		3		43		3		1		81	
64	369		227		318		350		365		542		457		3,837	
65	4		6		11		11		8		4		3		54	
66	1		4		3		14		22		28		34		162	
67	7		8		17		8		16		7		16		159	
68	103		128		151		146		104		97		81		1,114	
69	30		14		31		25		26		20		8		259	
70	10		10		9		25		8		4		2		105	
71	52		40		49		48		37		22		19		413	
72	3		4		4		1		4		1		1		29	
73 74					1 26		2 34	1 5	5 35	1 7					10 150	2 19
	7	1	13								20	4	9			
75	1		2		1		9	1	7	1	3	1	2		25	3
76			2				6		1		2		1		20 87	
77	10	1	12	1	8	2	3	1	7		10		11	1		12
7rt	3				7	1	2	1	2		1		1		22	3
79 80	2 22						1 56		1 39				1 31	1	8 426	1
			38		44					__„_..	40					
81	38		33		36		53	._.___	41	__.__	38	.__„___	11		501	
82	11	2	12		3		9	3	39	2	11	1	16		149	19
83	43		44		32		41		07		25		17		476	4
84	1,110	3	641	4	999	4	826		796	1	429		2G1		7,684	12
85	140	1	1G3		178		271		205		125		78		1,473	4
86	4		1		3		6		6	1	2	1	2		76	2
87	40		18		9		13		5		13		7		144	
88	71	1	165	1	162	1	236		208	1	144		110	1	1,298	5
89	756	78	389	36	463	42	509	61	509	88	245	26	1C9	10	4,174	424
90	240	1	226		236		206	1	189	2	172	2	102		1,853	6
91	38		44	1	14	1	39		32	3	27	1	10		321	G
92	543	2	252		337		335	1	149	1	119	2	61	2	2,302	14
93	527		404		375		356		330		422	1	385		4,985	2
94	549		342		375		447	1	474		562		421		5,102	1
95	136		71		71	1	107		37		185	3	1C4	1	1,839	9
96	1		2		2		3		2		11		1		29	
97	19	1	22		26		39	2	27		16		18		224	3
98	168		204		169		180		195		202		154		1,857	
99 100											1 5				1 156	
	21		16		24		2		12			.......	9			
101	33		5		14		22	1	17		18		8		166	1
102	129		91		120		129		96		88		46		1,315	
103	2		22		1		3		5				2		57	
	26,359	479	19,153	245	21,679	329	23, 009	301	21,822	296	24,828	169	20,181	59	247,752	2,5S6
 
238
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXVII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND—Concluded.
					LSI	>:>.		BER.	N'OVEMBEII. 92,647.	
	July.		August.		September.		OCTO			
	64,860.		58, 663.		63,112.		102,	)01.		
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	t>eat_8. 313
	11,268	156	10, 216	89	15,764	34	25,839	127	27,634 5	
ORDER XL—Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.										
										
	68 20 13	1	52 15 15	1 1	47 24		126 66 26	I	236 36	o
										
										
	1 41	1	2 43	1	2 113		4 47	1	18 63	1
										
	20 232 101 60		18 222 90 62	2	19 92 217 45		23 249 421 83	1	55 900 333 98	1
										
										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.	1		1				5		11	
	2		3		7		4		12 1 11 25 43	
	23		17		23		3 33			1
	5		11		6		26		21	
	3				5		7		12	
	7		4		2		10		13	
	29		51	1	40"		53		38	
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
	1						3		3	
							1		3	
	1				2		5		20	
							3			
							1		8	
	2		2		8		2		9	1
	5		2		2		1		24	
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.										
	208 54		174 110		153 117		251 200		256 168	
132. Boils...............................................										
	49		50		56		46		61	
134. Whitlow............................................	12		23		22		24		43 ........	
	101		85		99		79		59 ........	
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND										
INJURIES.										
Order I.—Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
136. Burns...............................................	26 59	1	19 42		20 G9		56 114	2	42 117	
										
	6	1			6		3		5	1
										
	36		14		34		151		112	
	8 11		13 9		5 20		12 20		9 29	1
										
	145	12	77	10	73	6	734	254	109	112
	27 43 8 4	1	34 35 4		27 31 20 4 28	1 2	47 65 26 g	3 1	44 71 12 2	2
										
										1
										1
149. Other Accidents and Injuries..........	18	1	20				55	1	43	1
150. Order II.—Homicide.......										1 1
151. Order in.—Suicide........								1		
										
										439
Total.................	12,718	174	11,562	106	17,272	43	28,936	392	30,883	
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1863.
239
TABLE XXXVIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND—Concluded.
186'2.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
107,647.			90,543.		103,298.		102,453.		104, 885.		105,740.		99,439.		91, 349.	
Cases.		Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	[ Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	26,359	479	19,153	245	21, 679	329	23,009	i 301	21,822	296	24,828	169	20,181	59-	247,752	2,596
104	11	1	22		32	1	18		14	1	4		10		116	3
105	382	1	206		308		264		207		237		118		2,274	1
106	73 | 1		47	1	55	1	60	8	44	1	34	3	31	3	561	20
107	24 1		49	6	43	1	54	3	25	3	55	4	20	2	384	24
108 109	18 125	1	15 71	1	6 81	1 2	8 71	2	3 53				6 38		83 786	8 5
										1	40	1				
110			67		63		86		42		60		43		568	
111	936	2	442	3	340		195		177	1	111		159		4,055	8
112	308		251		296		270		270		293		260		3,110	
113	56	4	58	1	-86	3	102	1	71		51	1	21	1	793	13
114	25		21		16		25		14		11		12		142	
115	4		2		14	1	21		6		5	1	10		90	2
116	2		7		9		14		13		8		2		56	
117 118	2 19		1 15		1 11		7 10		2 10						24 99	
											3		3			
119	77		66		94		63	3	61		30		19		549	4
120	31		17		10		35		9	1	6		7		184	1
121	30		22		14		18		18		9		10		148	
122	11		9		11		12		4		4		5		92	
123	22		17		17		3		5		9		4		288	1
124	4		3		2		8		2		4		3		33	
125 126			1 20		1 25		3 25		3 19				1 20		13 184	
	26 ........										21					
127 128					1 7	__...	2 12		3 14				2 6		11 69	
	3		5								13					
129	8		2		6		5		7		7		2		60	1
130	5		8		1		3		14		1		1		67	
131	241	2	103		120		116		95		167		156		2,040	2
132	150		146		147		191		199		279		254		2,015	
133	OO		12		17		19		34		30		14		410	
134	22		31		34		40		49		56		40		396	
135	52		30		75		35		54		43		71		783	
136	39		47		39		44		27		29		23		411	2
137	141		104	1	87		109	1	138		138		108		1,226	3
138	4	1	4		1	1	• 2		2		1		7	2	41	6
139 140		'				7						2	156	2		11
	101		89		63		132		127		196				1,211	
141	9		2		11		4		12		6		5		96	
142	63	1	39		12		13	1	9		15		10		250	3
143	14		9	9	2	2	4		5	1,	1		2		41	12
144	3,020	353	2,132	126	56	12	147	12	144	23	78	5	399	28	7,114	953
145	45		23		33		35		53		66	1	26		460	1
146	287	26	77	10	22		22	1	24		25		21		723	44
147	23	2	16		8		12		19		15	1	11		174	7
148 149			3 18	1 3	1 26	3	2 28	1	2 24	2	4 28	2	5 15	3	62 540	2 34
	237	16														
150 151 152				1								1 2 1				3 13 2
	........ 2					1				2 1				2 .......		
																
__																
J	33,103	893	23,482	410	23,983	365	25,358	334	23,949	333	27,021	194	22,317	102	280,584	3,785
 
240
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
               TABLE  XXXVIII.

Abstract of  the  Sickness  and Mortality
Year............................
Month...........................
Mean Strength.................
          LIST OF DISEASES
   CLASS  I.—ZYMOTIC  DISEASES.
       Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever.............................
Typhus Fever..............................
Typho-Malarial Fever.......................
Yellow Fever...............................
Remittent Fever............................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever................
Tertian Intermittent Fever..................
Quartan Intermittent Fever  .................
Congestive Intermittent Fever...............
Acute Diarrhoea.............................
Chronic Diarrhoea............................
Acute Dysentery............................
Chronic Dysentery...........................
Erysipelas..................................
Small-pox and Varioloid.....................
Measles.....................................
Scarlet Fever...............................
Diphthoria..................................
Mumps......................................
Epidemic Catarrh............................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
        Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.
Syphilis.....................................
Gonorrhoea.................................
Orchitis.....................................
Stricture of the Urethra.....................
Purulent Ophthalmia........................
Serpent Bito................................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
        Order III.—Dictic Diseases.
Scurvy.....................................
Purpura....................................
Delirium Tremens..........................
Inebriation.................................
Chronic Alcoholism..........................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
 1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
 5.
 6.
 7.
 8.
 9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.

22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.

29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
 CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL  DISEASES.
           Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout.............................................
36. Acute Rheumatism................................
37. Chronic Rheumatism...............................
38. Anaemia...........................................
39. General Dropsy....................................
40. Cancer............................................
41. Tumors...........................................
42. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
         Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption......................................
44. Scrofula..........................................
45. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
     CLASS 111.—PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch...........................................
47. Tape-worm....................................
4$. Other Intestinal Worms........................
49. Other Diseases of this Order................
Carried forward.
1862.
July.
80, 647.
Cases.  Deaths.
448
August.
70, 997.
Cases.  Deaths
184
  5
 12
 24
 32
103
 16
  5
  3
  4
  44

,001
 55
166
 26
  6
256
  7
366
514
 63
119
16,014
216
  2
249
1,725
1,882
1,110
  190
   63
3,303
  731
  868
  163
   75
   14
    6
 14
  1
643

 86
193
 18
  4
475
264
199
 52
 73
16
13
September.
82,972.
Cases.
207
204
1,702
2,874
2,540
  326
  158
4,302
  877
2,039
  240
   64
   10
   51
 39
 29
653

155
244
 35
  2
12,396
329
308
 47
 64
  1
 10
 47

 62
 18
286   17,715
October.
Ill, 891.
Cases.
377
1,669
3,958
2,969
  282
  129
4,897
  953
2,366
  437
   70
    8
  250
  5
185
947
660

 92
292
 38
  8
  1
  1
  1

 53
  3
453
439
 76
 61
  8
 12
 21

 93
 14
Deaths.
48
22,229 |   355
24,915   318 
DURING  THE  YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30,  1863.
241
            TABLE  XXXVIII.

of the  Department of  the Tennessee.
1862.
1863-
 133,119.

Cases.  Deaths.
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

22
23
24
25
26
27
28

29
30
31
32
33
34
416
 19
278
January.
143,942.
Cases.  Deaths
653
 22
409
21
February.
141,158.
Cases.  Deaths,
666
 21
493
228
  6
 59
March.
146,790.
April.
143,367.
Cases.  Deaths.  Cases. Deaths
716
 58
371
159
 12
 35
405
  5
358
104
  3
 46
May.
140,277.
Cases.  Deaths.
219
  9
199
June.
152,954.
Cases.  Deaths,
217
 13
407
Total.
123,718.
Cases.   Deaths.
4,837
  174
4,025
405
386
020
158
 79
224
146
241
147
177
 60
217
  17
,144
,085
 535

 161
 371
  87
  10
   7
  3
798
696
156
 39
  3
 11
 52

103
 27
  2


161
  1
 12
23,523
 1,891
 2,367
 1,820
   487
    97
10,788
 2,352
 1..615
   254
   314
   221
 1,189
   44
  639
1,770
  795

  178
  393
   54
    6
   38
  2
896
850
216
 49
  4
 10
 67

129
 32
  2
    10
    5

30,875
1,715
2,260
1,982
  222
  102
7,699
1,820
1,516
  266
  198
  230
  556
    1
   69
  459
1,703
  513

  157
  293
   50
   14
   15
 43
  2
  6
  3
 30
 67
140
 32
 21
 25
 35
 75
  1
  5
  1
  2
 68
1,919
2,639
2,050
  281
  106
7,615
1,822
1,327
  196
  235
  281
  153
    2
   81
  273
1,174
  382

  204
  381
   50
   20
   51
  2
 25
  7
147
 23
 14
 11
 19
 20
751
717
155
 60
  2
 11
 45

141
 45
  3


127
  4
 14
 28

319
 27
 25
 11
  4
  6
    4
   739
   667
   425
   111
    2
    12
    35

   212
    99
    7


   238
    5
    13
    6

25,382
1,736
2,301
1,991
  224
  179
6,963
1,386
1,394
  114
  223
  212
   67
    8
   31
  225
  792
  251

  148
  310
   52
   18
   66
30
556
  1
525
425
209
 36
 16
 25

144
 49
  6


141
  2
 10
 22
  8
136
 19
 13
 14
 24
1,565
1,930
1,717
  204
   60
5,972
  951
2,204
  164
  170
   57
   12
  2
 18
  2
145
 22
 28
 15
  4
21,381
 17
154
186
 70

 87
233
 25
  7
 50
  2
  6

 67
  6
 12
  9
  6
 22
  2
307
264
193
 62
 19
  3


134
  1
  8
17,405
 3,266
 5,491
 3,658
   404
   162
10, 220
 1,645
 2,483
   241
   196
    34
    23
 19
 40
240
146

144
302
 34
  9
 95
  2
 12

119
  2
  7
 27
  1
378
247
283
 30
   10
   10

   99
   32
    1


  157
    5
   19
    4

30 961
 48
 15
139
 41
 34
  3
  7
  1
475
22,163
32, 730
26, 219
 3,427
 1,310
78,665
15, 973
19,497
 2,645
 1,923
 1,157
 4,940
    12
   308
 3,794
10, 759
 6,353

 1,658
 3,629
   536
   110
   331
     9
    60

 1,607
    57
   148
   158
    21
    61
   23
6,522
6,032
2,009
  720
   21
  133
  403

1,294
  407
   24
  1,129
    19
    110
    15

268,157
31 
242
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXVIII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE-Contiuued
			1862.							
	July.		August.		September.		OCTC	ber. 891.	NOVEMBBH.	
										
	80, 647.		70, 997.		82,972.		111,		136,503.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 24,915 6 56 148 15 8 2 73 22 349 17 1 37 9 5 621 5 7 26 102 32 5 38 2 1 1 2	Death*. 318 6 5 1 1 1 3
	16,014 11 37 167 32 4 4	475 5 4 4	12, 396 1 22 69 5	286 1	17,715 5 27 80 16	399 2 4	22,229 4 39 123 10 4 3 37 18 246 22 11 13 4 1 525 4 3 29 76 26 2 31 1 1 2	355 2 4 2 5 6 1		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
										
										
										
										
			1		5	2				
										
	45 260 28 49 48 7 5 356 4 36 7 102 59 3 36 5 5	o 2 2	59 196 12 21 39 i 3 359 8 6 13 57 49 6 40 7 3		23 203 11 10 42 10 6 428 11 8 17 59 37 5 20 3	2				
										
										
										
										
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
63. Cataract............................................										
										
										
										
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
										
										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										
										
		-								
77. Inflammation of Pericardium.........................	4 10 1 17 67 18 31 633 64 1 12 12 147 105 23 21 473 628 335	5 1 1 1 33 1 1 6	8 3 2 14 47 14 51 480 31 3 7 7 74 43 13 12 276 403 214	1	4 2 1 15 51 3 35 483 41	1	6 1	2	4 3 1 49 53 15 52 1,229 142 2 16 64 705 183 41 308 327 510 119	3 1 1 3 2 2 1 77 1 1 2 1
78. Inflammation of Endocardium...................										
79. Inflammation of Veins........................										
						4	28 59 11 41 384 60	1		
										
82. Other Diseases of this Order....................										
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
84. Aouto Bronchitis............................										
85. Chronic Bronchitis....................										
8*>. Dropsy of Chest.........................										
87. Haemorrhage from Noso................				1 9 1 3	14 G 88 75 15 16 302 343 188	6 1 4	8 32 231 118 22 20 419 415 107	4 9 1 2 1		
88. Inflammation of Larynx...........										
89. Inflam mation of Lungs............										
90. Inflammation of Pleura...............										
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs...................										
92. Other Diseases of this Order................										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic...................										
94. Constipation..................										
95. Cholera Morbus......										
										
97. Dropsy from Hepatio Disease.......	22 209		14 118	1	10 102	1	9 147		25 204	........
98. Dyspepsia......										
99. Diseases of Pancreas.....										
100. Diseases of Spleen	39 12 149 13		19 12 117 o		30 13 130 5	1	39 12 159 1 25,793	395	100 22 179 4 30,862	1 1 ..... 1 431
101. Fistula in Ano...										
102. Hernia.......										
1CJ. Itemorrhage from Stomach.										
Carried forward......										
	20,370	543	15,360	303	20,713	427				
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3.
243
TABLE XXXVIIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE—Continued.
	186;	)_							1863.							
Decemp.er.			January.		February.		March.		April.		M,	lY.	June.		Total.	
133,119.			143,942.		141	,158.	146, 790.		143, 367.		140, 277.		152, 954.		123,718.	
—	Cases. 23,523	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cafes.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
		300	30, 875	554	25,361	911	25,382	556	21, 381	473	17,405	356	30,961	475	268,157	5,458
50	11	5	10	5	14	ID	17	14	11	5	5	2	9	6	104	62
51	45		45	1	50	5	53	1	43	3	22		30		469	19
52	276	!	816		179		224		251		206		450		2,389	
53	10	l	24		18	1	29	1	10		3		12		184	3
54	7	4	11	10	12	13	22	12	17	6	5	3	9	9	99	70
55	9	3	8	8	18	10	10	6	1		3	3	7	3	71	38
56	42	1	53	1	44	2	57	3	21	1	8		13		348	8
57	78	1	88	1	85		48		28		35		66		595	2
58	415		450		398		460		376		280		353		3,986	1
59	16		21	1 i	32	4	29	2	19	2	4		10	1	221	12
60 61									13 16	1	98 10	2	57 18	3 1	260 470	14 23
	34	1	71	2	81	2	Gl	4								
62	6	.......	14		8		8		13		6		8		97	
63		....	3 526		3		4		7		3		g		48	
64	610				541		726		675		601		656		6,624	
65	13		6		7		14		6		8		6		92	
66	1		4		7		13		23	......	26		39		173	
67	19		44		36		29		22		11		25		278	
68	93		102		109		94		121		55		62		1,032	
69	52		45		48		25		29		18		16		436	
70	4		16		15		20		16		10		5		107	
71	79		66		56		57		29		17		21		490	
72	5	........	4		5		5	........	1		1		3		42	
73	1	1	2		4	1	7	1	2		2		3		31	3
74	9	1	4		14	4	18	2	11	2	9		19	2	87	12
75 70 77			4	1	9	1	1		10		1	2	3	1	30	5
			4		3	1	10	1	2	1			5	1	24	4
	8		14		17	2	12	2	9	1	8	2	5	3	99	21
78	4	1	4	2	1		2		7	3	6		3		46	7
79 80			7		4		12		4		6				38	
	22		49		35		35		65		29		40		398	
81	56		63		59		44		43		30		29		601	
82	39	1	13	1	17	5	17	1	15	2	15		8	1	185	18
83	40		68		50	2	73		31	1	20		30		522	3
84	1,021	3	1,174	5	1,116	13	945	4	709	2	382	2	358	1	8,914	34
85	79	4	353	5	295	13	261	5	154	5	78	4	84	11	1,642	50
86 87	1 11		4 8				9 14	2	4 14		2 14		3 18		29 139	5
					3											
88	66	1	65	1	226	7	82	4	84	1	84		48		776	20
89	808	107	812	133	1,153	186	847	102	492	53	239	29	179	16	5,775	7G0
90	264	........1	237	6	242	9	260	2	182	1	113		117		1,939	21
91	25	1	78	1	43	3	39	1	39	2	31	1	26		395	11
92	182	2	356	1	404	7	250	1	123	2	58	1	66	1	1.81G	20
93	444		396		343	1	330		257		270		437		4,274	2
94	556		637		582	1	701		634		507		764		G.680	1
95	102	2	125		83		90	1	85	1	184	1	265	4	1,897	24
96 97			4 31	1	4 46				2 46				2 46		12 379	11
	34					1	70	1		3	26	4				
98	167		208		235	1	229		184		208		205		2,216	2
99 100	1 29						6 24				1 15				8 394	1
			31		33	1			20				15			
101	13	__	14		18		15		10	1	6		19		1GG	1 •
102	158		223		168		150		130		86		82		1,731	2
103	5		5		18	2	31		9		2		6		101	2
	29,493	440	37,695	740	32, 352	1,219	31,971	729	26, 506	572	21, 272	412	35,729	539	328,116	6,750
 
244
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE  XXXVIIL—DEPARTMENT OF  THE TENNESSEE—Concluded.
Year.-...........
Month...........
mean strengtu.
LIST OF DISEASES.
               Brought forward......................

 ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.

104. naamorrhage from Bowels.........................
105. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
106. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
107. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum.......................
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver......................
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
111. Jaundice.........................................
112. Piles.............................................
113. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
114. Stone and Gravel............
115. Diabetes....................
116. Bright's Disease.............
117. Diseases of Prostate.........
118. Diseases of Testis...........
119. Inflammation of Kidneys---
120. Inflammation of Bladder.....
121. Incontinence of Urine.......
122. Hydrocele..................
123. Other Diseases of this Order.
1802.
July.
80,647.
Cases.  Deaths.
20,370
543
 64
 73
 39
 10
 75
 72
532
230
147
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries......................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess.......
132. Boils  ........
133. Carbunclo---
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
CLASS  V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS,  AND
                 INJURIES.

   Order I.—Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns......................
137. Contusions..................
138. Concussion of Brain.........
139. Drowning...................
140. Sprains.....................
141. Dislocation.................
142. Simple Fractures............
143. Compound Fractures........
144. Gunshot "Wounds............
145. Incised Wounds.............
146. Lacerated Wounds..........
147. Punctured Wounds..........
118. Poisoning...................
149. Other Accidents and Injuries.
150. ORDER II.—Homicide.......
70, 997.
September.
82,972.
Cases.  Deaths.  Cases. Deaths
15,360
 43
 34
  7
  2
 70
 39
234
179
172
268
113
 41
 33
162
151. ORDER in.—Suicide..............

152. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence.
116
57
62
10
24
81
303
20,713
 68
 35
 11
  4
 94
 73
214
244
167
October.
ill, 891.
Cases.  Deaths.
25,793
  2
166
 59
 19
  9
 72
 86
312
284
225
395
209
 94
 32
 23
149
22,919
585
10
207
 75
 47
 30
133
17,250
334
773
 50
 69
 15
 13
 51
23,358
491
321
107
 27
 26
 81
 20
108
 12
   53
   18
   28
    1
2,037
   GO
  433
   62
    9
   51
November.
  136,503.
30,619
258
 49
127
 24
16
683
33,870
491 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
245
TABLE XXXVIIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE—Concluded.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		MAY.		June.		Total.	
	133, US	.	143,942.		141,158.		146,790.		143, 367.		140,277.		152,954.		123, 718.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	29,493	440	37,695	740	32,352	1,219	31,971	729	26,506	572	21,272	412	35,729	539	328,116	6,750
104	5		23	1	16	3	29	2	35	1	12		37	8	167	17
105	311	1	341		376		325	1	270		148	1	119		2,508	6
106	88	1	90	3	76	4	100	4	112	5	71	3	121	9	933	36
107	47	6	56	9	68	13	66	2	100	2	72	4	92	13	598	66
108	29	2	6	1	10	3	6		14	3	9	1	15	4	120	22
109	56	1	110	1	70	4	95	1	71	1	52		85	2	920	13
no	76	2	101		99	1	86	1	94		57		53	1	918	9
111	543	1	440	1	446	1	644	2	402		179	1	176	1	4,824	11
112	310	1	432		421		459		362	1	318	1	384	2	3,903	10
113	71	1	95		123		173	2	106	1	133		58		1,530	6
114	16		23		24		22		15		8		13		140	1
115	7		11		11		16		19		5		7		115	1
116	10		7		15	1	11		17		10		13		83	1
117	4		2		3	1	o		2		1		1		17	1
118	8		9		23		17		12		6		13		97	
119	80		70	1	76	2	73	1	120	1	63		86		774	6
120	13		29		23		12		24		11		16		183	1
121	5		12		11		12		17		8		22		124	1
122	10		9		8		12		4		1		3		91	
123	52	1	66		56		14		12		12		17	1	426	2
124	7		12		15		14		7		2		2		74	
125	1		1		2		2		2		2		2		14	
126	9		10		6		19		30		17		16		123	
127 128 129			5 2 15		12 8 9	1	1 7 7		1 15 15		2 7 8		1 13 7		22 55 111	1 1
																
	8															
130	3		G		6				3		1		1		27	
131	259		266			I	211		1G7		165		178	1	2,664	10
132	193		131		131		126		191		181		379		1,838	
133	29		22		33		44		24		22		32		389	
134	36		42		25		45		39		46		55		444	
135	97		101		104		82		89		40		91		1,232	
136	35		67		34		34	3	50		43		53	3	429	7
137	108		148		86		113		145	1	146		123	1	1,373	3
138 139 140	13	2	13			1 3	10 116	2 4	5 124	2 7	15 137	1	8 113	1 3	89	
				3	81											24
	110		124												1,04G	
141	12		16		15		14		10		14		7		171	
142	39		25		21		28		31	2	42	1	32	1	348	6
143 144	1 823	45	5 847	58	1 218	25	4 128			1 15	13 6,489	3 281	8 G76	2 127	34 12,492	6 916
								5	136							
145	80		91	5	60	1	70	1	77	2	72		82		807	60
146	92	11	51	1	60		47		47	1	39	1	29	2	1,0S7	148
147	29		22		18		26		18		116	3	32		405	28
148	16	1	25	1	20	1	31		2		22		24		245	5
149	48	4	146	8	47	1	52	7	25	3	37	1	19	3	630	64
150 151 152		1										2 4				3 18 1
				2				2		G				1		
		1														
																
	33,282	522	41,820	837	35,506	1,28^	35,376	769	29,567	628	30,12G	720	39,043	725	372,736	8,271
 
246
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
          TABLE XXXIX.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					IHfiQ.				1	
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November. 15,480.	
										
	10. 027.		13, 203.		18,558.		13,168.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	1 Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	[Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	49	15	85 11 82	25 2 2	100 6 69	41 4	53	22	70	17
	108	2					27	1	36	1
										
	172 296 126 26 39 1,009 100 71 13	2 1 15 4 3 4 4	205 341 500 18 12 962 163 46 22 2	5 5 5 15 1 5	346 566 838 27 26 1,432 289 226 43 12	12 2 1 1 6 5 10 9 5 2	355 704 1,127 44 35 874 185 171 41 6	13 12 1 21 3 13 1	249 716 1,066 45 22 926 254 169 34 6	11 0 1 11 1 41 2 11 1
										
										
										
										
10. Acute Diarrhoea.................................										
										
										
13. Chronic Dysentery...................										
										
										
					3		1		66	
			1							
									12 2 145 205 100 87 18 3	1 10 1
	5 40 328 73 65 13 3	1	2 20 251 66 71 13 2	12	6 10 297 101 125 19 1					
20. Epidemic Catarrh......................						14	97 134 87 68 21 2	6		
21. Other Diseases of this Order.................										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis.............................										
23. Gonorrhoea...........................										
										
25. Stricture of the Urethra..............										
										
27. Serpent Bite.........................										
28. Other Diseases of this Order..........							2 24			
Order IH.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy......................	4		42	2	178				13	1
										
31. Delirium Tremens................	4 4	1	2 13				4 1	1	5 1	1
										
33. Chronic Alcoholism...............										
34. Other Diseases of this Order.............										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
36. Acute Rheumatism....................	15 90 46 9	2 1	60 95 8 26	1 1	116 155 72 45 2 2 5 34 5	2 2 1 7	64 74 42 27	1 1	59 109 13 32	1 3
37. Chronic Rheumatism..................										
										
39. General Dropsy....................										
										
41. Tumors.....................	3 10 36	1 4	1 2 16 2	, 1 5			I 2 11 2	1	1 3 13 1	3
42. Other Diseases of this Order.......___										
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 43. Consumption..............										
44. Scrofula........										
45. Other Diseases of this Order......										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch......									2 1 1	........
49. Other Diseases of this Order	1		2		2		i			
Carried forward..	2,758	60	3,144	87	5,158	125				
--------.-----							4,286	97	4,460	-
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
247
       TABLE XXXIX.



of the Department of the  Gulf.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
23,931.			39,789.		41,864.		42,832.		35,501.		30, 928.		29,108.		26,199.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	165	16	304	39	316	62	323	56	279	50	158	55	99	34	2,001	432
o 3 4 5	36 53	8 6	8 352	3 11	9 622	2 22	12 623	4 23	2 381	1 10	10 307	4 24			94 2,852	28 10G
													192	4		
	236	3	468	3	609	1	552	6	449	10	395	19	345	' 1	4,381	86
6	817		828	1	650		626		586		568		663		7,361	5
7	1,142	1	850		699		695	1	855		865		1,110		9,873	5
8	54		44		121		89		105		50		65		C88	1
9	18	4	32	10	42	7	33	8	12	1	13	3	19	1	303	83
10	1,405	13	4,465	8	4,376	4	6,304	11	4,932	5	2,817	16	1,830	G	31,332	79
11	299	45	435	16	374	15	515	28	659	15	561	57	177	33	4,011	299
12	185	3	279	6	358	4	570	5	301	5	224	14	281	5	2,881	61
13	34	2	63	4	26	4	43	2	22	3	15	6	21	1	377	60
14	12		31		18		29	2	24	2	14	2	9		163	10
15 16	7 118	1 1	3 77					3							10 678	4 4
					178		132		40		56	3	7			
17 18	1 28	1 2	2 57	7	2 38										6 299	1 35
						4	56	7	42	6	39	5	27	3		
19	43		137		64		56		58		24				397	
20	217		288		267		313		100		48		47		1,592	
21	302	2	135		114		157	1	131	1	122		15		2,191	47
22	314		269		210		203		117		78		73		1,694	2
23	209		296	1	175		196		102		97		70		1,501	1
24	15		33		34		30		16		6		3		221	
25	5		4		5		6		2		3		4		40	
26	3		7		6		12		4		9		8		49	
27 28 29																
			1 31		1 18		1 8				2 31	1	1 28		8 409	5
	19	1							13							
30 31			4 5						5 1	1	3 9	1			12 49	2 4
	3				8	1	3	1					5			
32	7		6		7		3	1	1		8		2		53	2
33 34			1		1						2 12		1		5 18	
	6															
35 36			1 409				2 487				1 126				4 2,314	3
	123			1	459				243				153			
37	158		365		355	1	286		198		159		85		2,129	1
38	36	1	53		75		68		17		35	1	18		483	9
39	24	3	7	1	4		5		5				3		187	10
40 41 49					1				2 1						5 15 77	1 3
	1 4		2 20 39				2 15 37	1 3					1			
					14 34						1					
43	12	8		2		3			22	1	22	7	15	2	291	46
44	3		16		15		19		18		8		5		94	
45 46			2 43		1 29										3 170	
	18						36		18		13		11			
47 48			1 8 2		2 2		3		1 6		1		1 4		10 29	
	2															
49									8						10	
																
	6,134	121	10,483 j 113		10,339	130	12, 551	163	9,779	Hi	6,912	218	5,398	90	81,430	1,435
 
218
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XXXIX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF—Continued
					1S(	2.				—
	July.		AUGUST.		September.		October.		Novembrk.	
	10, 027.		13,203.		18,558.		13,168.		15,480. Cases. Deatha. 4,488 120 4 I C	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 4,286	Deaths.		
	2,758 3 5 150 2 3	60 3 3	3,144 4 4 42 4 1	87 o 1	5,158 3 5 70 2 1 4	125 -1 1 1		97		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diseases of Nervous System.							4 4 28 1	3		
										
									40 3	
~~ T										
										
										
							1 4 36 3 1 3	1	4 3 54 3	1
	2 13 7 38 11 2	5	6 10 3 13 9 2	1 1 2	1 49 4 7 6	1				
										
										
										
								1	29	1
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
									1	
	10		13 3 6		21 2 5 4 5 7		8 1 3		15 3 4 3 5 7 1 3	........1
										
	3 2 3 3 4 6									
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.			5 2 3 2 1				2 9 1 G			
										
										
					G 1					
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
				1						
							;			
							i		I	
	1 2	1 1	1 2		2 1	1	2			
									1	
										
	7 14 5 10 91 12	1	3 23 6 3 99 8 1	2	3 7 5 6 128 24 2 1 5 8 19 3 14 59 132 45	1	6 4 1 5 37 8	1	o 1	
										
									4 7 66 2	1 1
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
										
										
86. Dropsy of Chest....................................										
									6 10 31 22 8 28 36 113 20	C 1 1
	5 4 10 7 12 83 254 24		2 7 13	2 1		1 4	5 10 7 1 4 25 74 25	2 1		
										
										
										
		4	12 43 76 14	2						
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colio...............................................										
										
										
										
							12	10		
	13		10		29				12	
							11 |........			
100. Diseases of Spleen...............	21 2 23 1		1		1 8 38		1........ 3 2 4			
1(1. Fistula in Ano.........										
102. nernia................		........	18 i........				A ........			
103. Ilasmorrhage from Stomach___										
Carried forward........				102			..............		_,___.	
	3,626	78	3,619		5,900	136				
										1
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE  30, 1863.
249
TABLE XXXIX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF—Continued.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
23,931.			39,789.		41,864.		42,832.		35,501.		30,928.		29,108.		26,199.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Oases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	6,134	121	10, 483	113	10,339	130	12,551	163	9,779	Ill	6,912	218	5,398	90	81,430	1,435
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61	3 n 40 3	1 2	2 21 103 2 2 1 3 29 75 15 52	1 2	3 19 247 3 2 2	1 1 2 1	4 17 200 19 2 1				1 3 140 2 2	1 1			30 103 1,466 52 16 11 10 116 702 71 149 298	12 6 11 5 1 8 12 6
								1 1	7 282 8 2 1	1 1			1 124 3 1			
	2 2 3 63 5 5	1 1 1														
																
				2	27 116 8 1 27	1	15 101 13	1	14 84 3 7 47		6 59 4 25 32	1	6 42 3 57 14	3 1		
						1	63	1								
62 63 64 65 6C 67			5 3 94 5 5 6	........	5 1 80 2 6 11		4		1				2 1 37 1 17 1		21 8 519 31 102 61	
	3 36 2 3 5															
						........	94 5 16 8		65 4 24 6		46 3 10 15					
68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 9C 91 92	4 7 1 8 2		24 16 12 21		53 10 5 20		23 5 3 24 1 1 13 3		33 4		14 3 3 3 1		26 6 1 9 1		197 79 34 118 7 1 63 22 3 15 6 9 185 243 61 184 2,296 354 6 44 163 384 -399 92 339	7 4 1 2 2 5 5 2 3 42 8 2 12
									10							
																
	5		15 5 2 1	4 1	12 5 1 5			1	9 2	1	4 3	4	5 4			
																
						1	1 1 4 27 22 8 42 332 52 1 6 49 60 64 4 18		1		1					
																
			2 38 36 4 26 548 47		2 32 40 15 21 526 94	........							1 15 37			
	13 15 5 17 157 22							1 9 3 1	21 18 8 19 145 36 1 5 8 25 48 8 15		18 20					
										1 1 1	17 103 19 1 6 19 32 23 18 5	3	11 64 30			
	4 16 52 26 2 97	5 1	9 24 80 60 12 77	1 6	5 19 65 82 14 51	9 2						3 1	2 1 10 25 15 6	1		
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	109 214 10		232 313 60		212 319 21 1 13 98	........	182 278 34		212 264 68 1 17 58	1	125 159 35 11 19 34	2	135 228 19 2 7 34	1	1,453 2,424 375 15 107 469 1 62 69 471 15	1 5 1 1
	10 11		8 63 1 1 8 66 2	1			11 90	......								
	3 6 45			1	13 8 58 6		3 10 73 5	.......	1 7 45 1		11 7 30		3 7 40			
		i														
	7,181	133 1	12,719	132	12,725	149 1	14,563	181	11,424	118	8,004	234	6,452 1 96		95,961	1,598
32 
250                           SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XXXIX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE  GULF—Concluded.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Stuexo-tu.
LIST OF DISEASES.
               Brought forward......................

  Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.

104. Haemorrhage from Bowels.........................
105. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
106. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
107. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum.......................
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver.......................
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
111. Jaundice..........................................
112. Piles..............................................
113. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
LS<>2.
July.
August.
September.
10,027.
13,203.
Cases.  Deaths.  Cases.  Deaths,
 28
 10
  4
  1
 63
  1
156
 44
 25
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
114. Stone and Gravel............
115. Diabetes....................
11G. Bright's Disease............
117. Diseases of Prostate.........
118. Diseases of Testis...........
119. Inflammation of Kidneys---
120. Inflammation of Bladder.....
121. Incontinence of Urine.......
122. Hydrocele..................
123. Other Diseases of this Order.
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries.....................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflamm ation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess ......
132. Boils.........
133. Carbuncle.....
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
CLASS  V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
                 INJURIES.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
  Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
Burns........................................
Contusions...................................
Concussion of Brain..........................
Drowning....................................
Sprains.....................
Dislocation.................
Simple Fractures............
Compound Fractures........
Gunshot Wounds............
Incised Wounds.............
Lacerated Wounds..........
Punctured Wounds..........
Poisoning...................
Other Accidents and Injuries
Order II.—Homicide.......
78
3,619
 19
 14
  5
  2
 21
 20
175
 41
 15
 1  I.
13  '.
Order III.—Suicide..............

ORDER IV.—Execution of Sentence .

            Total.................
102
18,558.
Cases.  Deaths.
5,900
 27
 20
  6
  1
 41
 28
230
 74
 33
184
  6
 16
  6
October.
13,168.
Cases.  Deaths.
4,658
106
4	
12	
14	
11	1
5	1
16	
35	
81	1
42	
9	
 November.
   15,480.

Coses. Deaths.

5,090
25
4,201
84  i 4,369     HI
6,805
12
5,090
130 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 1863.
251
TABLE XXXIX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF—Concluded.
	1862		1863.													
DECEMBER.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
23,931.			39,789.		41,864.		42,832.		35,501.		30,928.		29,108.		26,199.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	7,181	133	12,719	132	12,725	149	14,563	181	11,424	118	8,004	234	6,452	96	95,961	1,598
104	6		3		6		4	1	20		8		12		64	1
105	134		205		151		113		78		54		35		889	
106	23	1	50	1	25		8	1	11		7		2		206	4
107	8		20		7		4		7	1	5	1	7		97	4
108	6	1	7	2			3		2	I	2	3	10		45	9
109	16		6	1	11		16		23		21	3	8		260	4
110	35	2	12		19		27	1	16		7		8		239	4
111	104		172		171		217		324		326	1	262	2	2,294	8
112	80		131		137		152		155		102		128		1,119	
113	15		27		74	1	28		21		12		6		348	5
114	2		7		8		8		3		1		5		35	
115 116 117 118 119	2	1	1 4 23 19 26	1 , 1	4 • : n 28	1	5 5 1 9 21		1		1				19 14 27 58 173	1 1 2
																
																
									7 12	........	9 14	........	3 10			
	17															
120	5		11		17		11		12		7		4		87	
121	1		15		17		9	....._	17		9		3		74	
122	4		17		5		2		2	__ .	1		3		42	
123	23		8		2	........	4	........	3		2		1		120	
124 125	3 1		3 3						4 1		1				15 13	
					4		4									
126	2		12		11		10		11		5		6		59	
127 128 129					1 3 3		1 1		1 4						2 15 27	
			6										1			
	5										L					
130	1		3		7		1								17	
131	63	1	89		73		80	2	73		49		55		744	6
132	20		114		137	-«.,---	119		116		110		185		975	
133	6		4		14		10		5		1		3		75	1
134	• 14	....._	24		30	.....„.	16	....._	21	____	16		14		176	
135	18		48		49		50		31		23		28		411	
136	2		5		10		20		10		13		4		69	
137	17		34		59		46		65		42		79		415	
138	1		1				1								4	
139 140						3	84	11	68	1	46	1	35	1		18
	15		58		93										425	
141	6		6 5		3 2				2				1		35	
142	1						5		6		19		4		48	
143 144			1 63				2 66	1	1 394	22	30 1,169	85	34 1,345	99	69 3,432	253
	15	2		5	35	1										
145	14		19		16		36		20		7		15		174	
14*i	14		9		9		11		2		15		28		135	4
147	6		11	1	12		4		5		4		2		75	1
148 149	1 8				3 9		1 6		1 26	1	5 12	4 1	5 2		20 101	5 5
			7													
150 151 152																
	|					1		1		1 1		1				6 1
	!															
																
	7,895	141	14,013	144	14,009	156	15,787	199	13,005	146	10,160	334	8,805	198	109,702	1,941
 
252
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
            TABLE XL.
Abstract of the Sickness  and Mortality
	1862. "—|									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVEMBEH. 5,473.	
										
	1,258..		1,297.		1,437.		4,042.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 2 1 1
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.					3		14 1	3	8 1 1	
			1 14							
	5				10					
										
	13 3 5		7 5 4		20 4 1 1		59 95 6		21 6 13	3
										
										
										
	1 44						1 182 2 34	1	1 58 3 5 1 7	
			22 1 6		31					
										
	15				7 1 2					
										
							2 5 47 1			
										
					2				90	2
										
									47 3 84 8	
							8 7 7 2 27			
										
			4 3		1 G 6 1					
Order II.—Enthetio Diseases.	4 5 3									
									9 2 1	
			3							
										
										
										
										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................	1		1		1		11 1		5	...._.
										
	1 3								1 1	
			2		3		5			
										
									*	
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.			1 5							
	6 2				10 4		23 14 5		37 30 fi	
										
										
										
										
										
										
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.	2						2		1	
44. Sernfiiln										
45. Other Diseases of this Order___										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch.............							1		1	|
										
48. Other Intestinal Worms.										
49. Other Diseases of this Order. ..										
									-	
Carried forward......	113		79		114		562	4	454 ' 9 1	
										—'
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1863.                  253
           TABLE XL.
of the Department of the Northwest.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January. 1		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
7,413.			8,566.		8,291.		6,986.		8,182.		5,464.		5,429.		5,320.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
l	38	4	35	5	22	1	17	3	15	3	6	1	9		167	22
2			1		1	2									5 45 '	3 1
3	2				11		2									
4 5																
	21	1	102		61		86		35		54		44		523	4
6	8		23		12		25		38		43		25	.....	287	
7	35		9		15		14		10		4		3		119	
8 9 10	1				1 6 45		1		1 1 35						5 14 801	2
			1 50	1							3 51	1				
	83	__....					61	.„.....					139			
11			7		11		11		17		5		5		62	
12	5		10	■;	4		6		23		9		50		174	1
13 14	1 28		1 28												4 154	2
				2	31		17		23		9		7			
15	7		1						4		3		25		45 468 34 91 630	' 3 11 1
16 17 18 19	175	5	74 9 9 193	3	44 2 5 196		16 12 12 98	1	7 6 3 42		13 4					
																
	14 58	1											1 11			
										.-. ...	21					
20	252		113		107		110		82		112		35	......	902	
21	14		S6		39		24		82		21		6	........	242	
22	7		4		9		7		7		3		2		54	
23	14		12		21		36		30		15		19		194	
24 25 26 27 28 29			2 1 2		3 3		3		5 2 1		1				23 9 25	
	1 3	....-.„											1 2			
											17					
																
									1 4						1 43	
	6		2		4		4				1		3			
30 31 32							1 3 8		1						3 10 42	1
	3 7		6		2 2	1										
									1		2		2			
33 34	1 2														1 16	
							1		1				12			
35 36					1 70								1 27		3 456	
	46		85				42		50		55					
37	22		38		65		98		53		25		35		386	
38	2		4		4		6		9		1		20		57	
39 40 41 42 43	1								3 1 1 8 9		1				5 2 8 21 61	6
			1													
					1 2 7	1	2 4 14	1			3		1 4 6			
	2 3															
			9	2						1	8	1				
44	3		1		7		5		2		6		7		33	
45 46					8 32		10 .31		4 36						22 192	
	13		29								21		28			
47 48 49																
									1 4		1				2 7	
							3									
																
	878	11	898	13	854	5	790	5	658	4	518	3	530	3	6,448	57
 
251
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XL.—DEPARTMENT OF THE  NORTHWEST—Continued.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength .
1862.
July.
LIST OF  DISEASES.
1,258.
Cases.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.

62.
63.
G4.
65. (
66.'
67.

68.
69.
70.
71.
72.

73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.

83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.

93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
           Brought forward...............

    CLASS IV.—LOCAL  DISEASES.

    Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
Apoplexy..................................
Epilepsy...................................
Headache..................................
Insanity...................................
Inflammation of Brain......................
Inflammation of Membranes of Brain........
Inflammation of Spinal Ch ord...............
Nostalgia.
Neuralgia.
Paralysis .
Sun-stroke......................................
Other Diseases of this Order.....................
         Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
Amaurosis......................................
Cataract........................................
Inflammation of Conjunctiva.....................
Inflammation of Iris.............................
Night Blindness.................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................,
        Order III.—Diseases of Ear.
Earache............................__-.........
Inflammation of Internal Ear....................
Deafness.......................................
Otorrhoea......................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
Aneurism......................................
Valvular Disease of Heart......................
Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
Inflammation of Pericardium....................
Inflammation of Endocardium..................
Inflammation of Veins..........................
Varicose  Veins.................................
Varicocele.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
  ORDER V.—Diseases  of Respiratory Organs.
Asthma........................................
Acute Bronchitis...............................
Chronic Bronchitis.............................
Dropsy of Chest...............................
Haemorrhage from Nose........................
Inflammation of Larynx........................
Inflammation of Lungs.........................
Inflammation of Pleura.........................
Haemorrhage from Lungs.......................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
   Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Colic........................................
113
Deaths.
Constipation.................
Cholera Morbus..............
Cirrhosis of Liver............
Dropsy from Hepatic Disease.
Dyspepsia...................
Diseases of Pancreas.........
Diseases of Spleen...........
Fistula in Ano................
Hernia.......................
Haemorrhage from Stomach...
Carried forward.
169
August.
1,297.
Cases.
Deaths.
September.
1,437.
Cases.
Deaths.
October.
4,042.
Cases.  Deaths.
562
161
238
10
L.006
November.
  5,473. 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30,  1863.
255
TABLE XL.—DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST—Continued.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
7,413.			8,566.		8,291.		6,986.		8,182.		5,464.		5,429.		5,320.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	878 1 1 32	11 1	898	13	854	5	790 2 8 27 1	5	658	4	518	3	530	3	6,448 4 29 196 10 3 9 22 16 129 15	57 1 1 2 4
			4 38		7 35 2				3 24 1				1 28 1	1		
											10 3					
			1 2 2 1 34 1	1 1												
	2	2			1 6	1	2 2									
									4 8 11 3				4 1 5			
	3 17 2										3 13 1					
					16 1		13 6									
																
	2		2	1	1		4 2 1 76 1		3 3 1 47		2 4		2 1		18 10 3 470 6	1
																
	43		60		49 1						46		46 1			
																
	1 15 7 1 13		2 15 7				3 15 4 1 13		6 1 2 2 4				5 3 1 1 3		17 70 44 8 55 1	
					16 12 1 16 1						2 2 1					
			3													
																
																
	1		2 1		4 1		8 1	1	7 1	2	1	1	1		24 4	4
																
					1 1		3 2		4		1 2				11 8 3 23 22 7 20 1,126 267 1 2 88 644 105 45 322 67 518 23 4 2 109 6 1 10 83 2	1 1 27 1 1 1 1
	1 1 4 2															
									1 5 9 1 2 54 50							
			1		2 2 2 7 136 22		6 5 1 5 83 60				1 2		3 2 1			
			2 2 304 33													
	4 110 41															
										1	15 13		41 41			
							1 8 129 23 11 8 12 73 2 1 1 15 6									
	13 94 3 1 1 5 41	2 1	15 150 13 4 99 1 49 1	5	12 107 23 7 66 16 62 2 1	3 1		6	11 63 16 3 56 13 66	4 1	7 26 5 2	2	8 11 8 1 6 2 81			
											5 39 1 2					
																
			1 19													
	9				9				14		6		8			
									1 o 10 2							
	3 13		1 7				3 25				1 3					
					8	1							5			
																
	1,365	17	1,775	21	1,510	11	1,463	12	1,172	12	737	6	852	4	11,130	103
 
256                 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XL.—DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST—Concluded.
					1862.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									NOYEmbjr. 5,473. Cases. Doattu.	
	1,258.		1,297.		l, 437.		4,042.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		
	169	1	123		161	1	1,006	4		
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										14
	2 2		1 3		2 1		17 5		34 25	
										
										
										
			1 1				6 1 1 5 2	1	4 2 24 5 42	
					2					
										
112 Piles ......-..................................	4 10									
			1							
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
										
										
										
							1 I			
										
										
									1	
									1	
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
							1 1		1	---
										
										
										
										
130. Other Diseases of this Order.........................							1 25 8			
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	3 3				4 4				9 4	
										
			1							
							I 7 1 7 1		3 3 1 11 1	
	4 2 13		2		4					
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.—Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
			2		7					
138. Concussion of Brain.......................										
										
	5		5 1 1		2		8	.......	10	
										
142. Simple Fractures..........................							5		3	
143. Compound Fractures.......................										
144. Gunshot Wounds...........................			15 3 5 2 1 2		5 2 5 1	1	5 6 5	3	3 2 15 2	1
145. Incised Wounds.......................	2 4									
146. Lacerated Wounds.........										
147. Punctured Wounds..............										
148. Poisoning.........										
149. Other Accidents and Injuries.....									1	1
150. Order II.—Homicide .										
151 Order HI.—Suicide										
152. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence										
Total..........									1,003	15
	223	1	170		200	2	1,127	8		
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1863.
257
TABLE XL.—DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST—Concluded.
1802.			1863.													
DECEMBER.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
7,413.			8,566.		8,291.		6, 986.		8,182.		5,464.		5,429.		5,320.	
104 105 106 107 108 109 110 HI 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,365	17	1,775	21	1,510 1 70 31 1 1 9 8 4 11 1 1 1 1	11 1	1,463 3 69 12 1 1 6 14	12 1 1	1,172 2 34 28 1 3 1 14	12	737	6	852	4	11,130 6 413 177 6 6 51 52 46 97 262 10 3 4 1 17 24 5 6	103 2 4 1 1 1
	73 53 1		77 2 1 1 9 4 14 2 111 3	1						2	16 8		18 7 1			
										1						
	4 3 2 10 5	1									11					
													3 1 11 26			
																
							20 20 5 2		18 28 1		11 16					
																
									2				1			
											1 3					
	3 2 2	----	1 2		8 5 1 1		3 5	........	2 4							
													4 1 1			
																
			1				1									
																
			2		1 2 1 2 I		1 3 3 3				15 1 1 1				20 9 10 11 1 3 2 3 120 131 5 28 75 15 229 5	1 7
	1 3 2								1				1			
																
													2			
																
			1						1				1			
					1		1 2 10 11 1 7 15 1 22									
																
	11 23 1 6 6 4 28 1		19 18		13 20				10 15 1 3 6		9 9		7 16 1 1 7 1 28 1			
					3 8						4 6 2 10 1	1				
			7 3 42													
					37				22							
																
	15		13 4 7	........	15 2 6		21 3 7 2 16 11 6		25 4 5 1 23 9 2 4		9 3 2		5		133 17 41 3 109 66 57 15 4 107	
	3												2			
	6 7 7 1	:::.:::	9 10 5 1	1	15 5 1 4					1	7 6 2		5 3			
																
											1 7		2 18			
	2 ........		1		18		36		22							
												1				1
152																
l_J																121
	1,650	18 I 1	2,145	23	1,820	12	1,807	14	1,464	16	899	8	1,027	4	13,535	
33 
258
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
            TABLE XLI.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1862.				NOVEMBEB. 45,979^		
	JULY.		August.		September.		October.				
											
	21,018.		21,	572.	31,588.		44,799.				
											
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deathj.	
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	64 7 83	10 2	106 16 34	16 5	140 4 107	12	281 10 208	31 8	220 16 159	35 5 2	
											
											
											
	404 262 238 14 11 824 78 344 9 31 3 15	1 3 1	355 275 359 28 14 603 56 209 13 11 1 3	4 1 1 4 1	682 655 817 115 23 1,191 247 352 42 26 6 57	5 2 1 5 5 1 1	857 1,329 1,568 187 74 2,029 416 851 112 29 1 498	8 2 20 7 6 14 12 5	474 912 742 175 32 1,184 382 342 B4 34 7 391 8 6 365 385 139 52 104 44 6 2	3 11 2 16 1 5 2 6 23 2	
											
											
											
											
											
											
											
											
											
											
											
											
							1 179 332 231 57 162 17 1 3	8 1			
	34		22 11 212 34 69 12		12 123 161 21 94 10 2	3					
											
	163 40 61 13										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis............................................											
											
24. Orchitis.............................................											
											
											
27. Serpent Bite........................................	1 9 27		1								
									2 8 1 6 9		
ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................			24		6		5 1 7 4				
											
	8 3	1	5	1	4 L	1					
											
											
					4				12 3 184 214 59 7	1	
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...............................................	1 74 124										
			68 66		85 122 8 14	1	183 262 39 24				
											
											
	6 1 3		6								
											
			2 11 21 4						4 11 38 15	1	
				1	6 24 5		22 50 10	2			
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.	12 3										
											
											
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch...............							36		51		
											
48. Other Intestinal Worms......			1		4		3 1	1......		1	
49. Other Diseases of this Order. ... 1											
Carried forward..........								!		___	
	2,970	18	2,652	34	5,170	37	10,083	124	6,892	. 115 1	
										1 _J	
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1863.
259
          TABLE XLI.



of the Department of the Missouri.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		JUNE.		Total.	
52,961.			42,922.		43, 090.		32,864.		31,030.		37, 808.		29, 078.		36,226.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	187	32	75	14	114	24	50	14	34	7	11	10	15	3	1,297	208
2 3 4 5	3 97	3 3	82	1 3	3 76	1 2	2 19	4	1 27			1			62 907	18 23
										1	6		9			
	519	6	255	5	293	6	276	3	192	3	218	4	1G6	1	4,G91	48
6	653		452		337	2	342	1	319		358		382		6,27G	G
7	758		352		380	1	280	1	208	1	396		357		6,455	4
8	128		40		77		44		22		20		31		881	
9	23	G	58	5	21	7	17	7	22	3	12	3	10	o	317	70
10	1,330		1,106	2	994	4	677		492		614	1	1,159		12, 203	17
11	431	19	243	24	290	9	154	8	92	8	109	1	254	4	2,752	ICO
12	263	2	205	1	203		128		141		133	2	204	1	3,375	31
13	48	2	43	8	53	2	41	8	12		7	1	99	1	563	40
14	50	1	44		43	o	40	1	97	3	38	2	33	1	476	14
15	54	6	84	4	73	10	96	8	77	3	121	17	15	3	538	57
16	183	14	162	17	75	7	52	4	53	5	30	3	18		1,537	78
17 18 19	2 6 195														10 55 1,483	4
		1	13 221	1	15 161		4 59	1	8 70	1	2 117					
													48			
20	571		575		851		486		309		249		64		3,956	
21	112	13	33		28	1	8		21		15		16		1,139	27
22	33		50	1	29		35		24		49		70		494	2
23	96		64		80		68		69		125		160		1,152	
24	34		12		11		9		18		15		7		202	
25 26	3 11		3 12		1 30		1 14								20 135	
									11		19		33			
27 28													1 4		3 26	
			2		1 22		1 13		5 •39		2 35					
29	23		11							1			56		269	1
30 31	1 5	1	1 1	1	1 8	1	1 5								6 63	1 9
								1	5		4	2	5	1		
32	27		8		13		6	1	9		11		8		99	1
33 34			2 3				13	1	4 1		10		1		30 22	1
	2															
35 36			1 243				1 165	1	1 148						7 1,894	2
	237				250	1					167		90			
37	189		192		211		161		109		124		101		1,875	
38	91	1	56		70		38		40		38		25		464	1
39	24		9	2	9		5		4		5		1		114	4
40 41					1 2		1 4		1 2						4 33	
	8		6								1	........	1			
42 43	9 32	3	19 41	1 5	7 35	3	11 26	6	7 24				2 8		105 329	2 21
											18	1				
44	18		5		17		24		13	1	16		8		138	1
45 46	2 53				12 199			1			1 73				15 787	1
			151				40		47				134			
47 48													1 2		1 25	
	6		1		2		2		3		1					
49					2				2		4				9	
																
	6,517	113	4,936	95	5,100	83	3,419	71	2,783	37	3,174	48	3,598	17	57,294	792
 
2G0
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLL—DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI—Continued.
	1S(>'2									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		Nov-.:Mi:r.R.	
										
	21, 018.		21, 572.		31,588.		44,799,		45,97D. I'iiscs. Deaths.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		
	2,970	18	2,652	34	5,170	37	10,083	121	6,892 "-.	
CLASS IV. —LOCAL DISEASES.										
Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	2 4 19	2	2 1 28	1	2 7 37	1	3 15 70	1	0 8 55	1
										
										
	3		1		5		8		1	
t T> ■	2	2					6	6	7	6 1
							1		1	
							2		5	
			2		1		9		10	
	22		28		52		69		75	
	5 15 9		4 1 5		3 1		14 1 0	i	9	g
										
									G	1
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
	3		2		1		3		2	
	1		1		1				7	
	133		109		1G8		229		209	
	2		o				5		4	
									3	
	3		3		6		10		4	
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
	9		9		16		48		18	
	16		5		5		18		19	
					1 11		6 16		2 17	i
	5		7							
	3									
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										
									7 2	
										
										
	3 4 1 2 6		2		3	1	1	1	2 3	
										
							2 27			
									19 18	
			4							
	3		2				4		5	
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
83. A sthma.............................................	12		9		9		18		22	
	135		152		113 50	1	225 75		288	3
	19		30						77	1
			5							
			3		3 9 55 36		40 35 113 65		4	
						1 1			27	1
	58		35 13	3				14	280	35
	24								7-2	3
	3		3		12		9 34		8	
92. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	1	1							165	1
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.										
93. Colic.............................................	39		55		92 195 61		157		104	1
	176		255 22				257 80 1		236	
	40			1		1		1	50	
										...
	4		2 49		7 44				30	...
98. Dyspepsia......................................	48						93		67	
										
100. Diseases of Spleen...........	8 3		7 3		23 2		60 1		11 3	
101. Fiotula in Ano...........										
102. Hernia................	29 1		25		38 6		58 6		61	
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach...										
										
Carried forward.......	3,850	25	3,540	39	6,260	43	12,003	148	8,917	1 173
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1863.
261
TABLE XLL—DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI—Continued.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
52,961.			42,922.		43,090.		32, 804.		31, 030.		37,808.		29, 078.		36,226.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cises.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	6,517	113	4,936	95	5,100	83	3,419	71	2,783	37	3,174	48	3,598	17	57,294	792
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61	2 8 55 2 4 4 8 11 90 4						3 12 101	o	5 9 60 2 2 3 10 7 61 5	1 1	3 11 83	2	3 4 85 3	1	27 101 728 30 43 26 60 79 817 64 24	13 2 1 42 It 1 3
		2 3	6 55 2 6 3 G 10 90 5	1 8 4 1	16 80 3 5 10 10 23 113 4 2 17											
						3 3	6 3 16 3 104 6	5 2		5 1	5 1 1 3 73 5 2 2 2 3 231 3	5				
																
													2			
													40			
													2 7 1 1 178 6 2 2			
			22	1			15		15 2 3 181 10							
62 63 64 65 66 67	3 5 216 19		2 4 239 8 2 8		1 1 220 14		2 1 179 11								24 28 2,292 84 7 85	2
	12				7		10		15		5					
68 69 70 71 72	31 17 4 16		19 10 6 12		45 8 4 13		18 4 4 10		12 5 4 4		15 4		27 5	........	2G7 116 31 121 4 4 41 4 1 36 15 6 121 116 34	
											5		5			
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82											3 9		1 1 1	1		1 1 5 1
	5		3	1	5		6 1 1 6 2		5							
																
	9 2 2 15 17 4	1			4 1	1			3 3	1 1	2		1			
																
											1 13 2 1					
			13 12 2		13 10 5		11 12 2		7 8 1				1 3 1			
83 84 85 8G 87 88 89 9C 91 92	10 361 105	2 2	19 307 62 1 1 36 249 78 4 78	2 1 41 3 1	14 441 87 1 3 49 363 58 11 54	1 1 2	15 353 71	1 1	10 248 40	I 1 1	9 100 29		3 144 45		150 2,867 C90 11 86 321 2,071 582 85 750	2 11 8 3 304 14 4 8
	5 42 300 74 1 183	52 1-1				47 1	11 42 266 61 12 87	54 2 5	6 50 184 41 10 78	1 44 1 1	5 13 109 31 7 44	9 2 2	3 13 59 29 5 26	2 1		
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	121 223 27		52 202 14		92 222 9		43 174 6	........	37 163 4 I 12 50		58 228 16		61 184 33	1	911 2,515 362 o 114 G48 3 145 27 455 22	1 4 1 1,238
	13 53 3 20 3 39 1		16 45		10 66		6 44				5 52	1	3 37			
		177	10 1 50 2				1 5 43 4		4 1 27		1 4 28					
					1 . 38 1											
													19 1			
	8,666		6,708	159	7,254	142	5,212	143	4,191	97	4,401	69	4,645	23	75, G47	
 
262
SICKNESS   AND  MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XLL—DEPARTMENT OF  THE MISSOURI—Concluded.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength.
LIST OF  DISEASES.
               Brought forward......................

  Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.

104. Haemorrhage from Bowels.........................
105. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
106. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
107. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum.......................
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver.......................
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
111. Jaundice..........................................
112. Piles..............................................
113. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
Stone and Gravel............
Diabetes....................
Bright's Disease............
Diseases of Prostate.........
Disoases of Testis...........
Inflammation of Kidneys---
Inflammation of Bladder.....
Incontinence of Urine.......
Hydrocele..................
Other Diseases of this Order.
Order VHI.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries —..................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess.......
132. Boils.........
133. Carbuncle.....
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
CLASS  V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
                 INJURIES.

   ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns.......................
137. Contusions..................
138. Concussion of Brain.........
139. Drowning...................
140. Sprains.....................
141. Dislocation.................
142. Simple Fractures............
143. Compound Fractures........
144. Gunshot Wounds............
145. Incised Wounds ............
146. Lacerated Wounds..........
147. Punctured Wounds..........
148. Poisoning...................
149. Other Accidents and Injuries .
150. Order II.—Homicide.......
1H(>'>.
July.
21,018.
Cases.  Deaths.
3,850
45
22
57
 3
 6
15
August.
September.
21,572.
Case3.  Deaths
3,540
10
151. Order in.—Suicide..............

152. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence.

                Total............
4,350
130
 10
 41
  1
4,085
31, 588.
Cases.  Deaths
6.2G0
212
 79
 12
7,026
October.
NoVKMUKIS,
44,799.
Cases.  Deaths.
12,003
 12
 65
 40
  9
  2
 45
 78
391
 98
 79
59
135
 5G
 60
 16
 35
148
13,506
165 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
263
TABLE XLL—DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI—Concluded.
	1862.		1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
52,961.			42, 922.		43,090.		32,864.		31, 030.		37, £08.		29,078.		36,226.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths-	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	8,666	177	6,708	159	7,254	142	5,212	143	4,191	97	4,401	69	4,645	23	75,647	1,238
104	5		3		3		5				4				33	
105	72		108		78	1	47		54		55		34		681	1
106	17	1	9	1	26	1	12	1	11	1	3		8		182	6
107	15	2	13	2	17	1	9		11	1	14	3	13		139	11
108 109	9 85	1 1	2 21	1	1 7	1	1 19				1 D		2 3	2	19 304	5 2
									19							
110	55		28	1	22		20	1	21		28		15		363	4
111	252	1	164	1	150		72		19	2	33		10		1,985	5
112	69		91		92		77		53		61		50		813	1
113	7	1	19		9		16		12		25		11		241	1
114	1		8		9		14		8		6		5		60	
115 116	2 1		1 4		3 3				2				2 1		17 26	
							1				5					
117 118	1 6	1	3 11						2 10		1 7				9 84	1
					9		9						4			
119	25		30		23		14		8		17		15		226	
120	5		5		7	1	1		4		2		1		45	2
121 122	1		3 1		6. 3		6 7		2 3		2 2				24 29	
													4			
123	6		4		3				1		5		1		91	
124	2		4		7		2		1		1		1		31	
125 126			0 4		2 1		1 3		1 3						11 35	
	7										9		3			
127 128 129 130											1 3 3 5				3 22 37 17	
			2 6 1		7 2 4		2 3		4 3				1 1			
																
																
131	85		46	1	46		38	2	46		26		32	1	683	6
132	54		57		61		54		42		96		86		613	
133	9		8		2		7		4		3		6		134	
134	12		20		14		23		26		17		10		192	
135	35		60		31		30		14		17		22		392	
136	11	1	10	1	15		23		12		9		8		110	o
137	63		28	1	39		42		55		82		67	1	585	2
138 139 140	3	1			1		1	5	1		1	1	1 43	1	29	1 11
				1												
	35		52		47		56		43		73				419	
141	28		3		7		7		9		7	1	8		104	1
142	9		5		6		8	1	9		7		9		110	1
143 144	2 1,044	85	3 95	52	2 41				1 59	15	1 66	1 18	1 54	9	11 1,813	1 220
						8	23	4								
145	13		17		24		16		4		14		6		182	
146	44		26	3	33	3	9		8	1	11		16		313	7
147	12		2		5		5		6		4		7		63	9
148 149	1 6						1 7	o	1 2	1	1 6	4	5 3	1	19 89	1 10
			12		26	1										
150 151 152										1		1				2 4
		1														
																
											5,144					
	10,777	273	7,703	224	8,148	159	5,903	159	4,787	119		98	5,214	38	87, 035	1,555
 
264
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
      TABLE XLII.



Abstract of Mortality in the
	1802.									|
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVE	
										
	9, 586.		8,988.		9,482.		16,763.		18,	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases,	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths. 308 12 12
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.		124 10 7		82 16 4		122 10 7		226 7 20		
										
										
										
		14		17 14 14 2 12 19 111 17 11 1		23 2 9		28 3 9 4 11 28 242 47 78 5		33 17 3
										
										
										
		5 12 102 5 12 6 6				12 33 88 22 22 1 2 4				15 34 27C 21 44 SI 2 97
										
										
										
										
										
										
				1				36		
										
						1		2		5
										
						1 28 1		1 38 3		2 35 2
		14		14						
ORDER II.—Enthetii Diseases.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.		1						1		
										
		4		2		1				4
										
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
				1 2		3 1				2 1 6
		1								
								2		
		1								
										
								1 3 53 1		
		2 31 1		1 29		4 25	........			3 87
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.										
										
										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES.										
										
										
										
Carried forward.......										1__
		358		370		422		849		1,043
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1863.                  265
            TABLE XLII.



General Hospitals of the Central Region.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
17,662.			22,844.		21,737.		22,908.		20,110.		20,179.		25, 695.		17,886.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. <	Deaths.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49		285 5 5		264 4 5		326 15 21		345 17 43		290 3 39		152 2 21		157 4 33		2,681 105 217
																
																
																
		36 6 13 13 14 29 269 14 23 53 11 263		31 5 2		21 3 6		38 1 2		21 4 2		20 1 1		20 1 2		302 57 63 19 151 317 3,640 195 369 410 356 G43 4 56 8 7 257 13 5 2
																
																
																
				9 23 320 15 23 78 37 129		14 19 409 14 35 71 63 38 3 8 4 1 4		14 83 541 4 65 63 102 59		15 20 486 9 19 58 64 14 1 8		12 6 373 9 14 35 59 2		17 11 423 18 23 18 10		
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
		7		6 1				8 1 1 62 1				4 1		7 1		
																
		1 13 1														
				5 3 3 1						23 1		19		2 1		
																
												2				
										1						
																
																
																
																
		1		1								2 1 2		8 1 4		14 8 32 1 2 1
						1 2		1 3		4 5 1						
		1		4												
																
		1				1										
				1												
																
		3 1 5		2 8 5		4 3 5		4 2 5 1		1 6 3 4 1		3		1 1 17 1		24 26 59 8 3 1 46 950 8 4
																
												11 1				
																
		1		1												
																
		3 106		7 116 2		5 127 2 2		9 148 2		3 90		6 77				
														61		
																
		1								1						
																
																
																
																
	~----	1,184														
				1,111		1,227		1,625		1,197		836		842		11,064 i
																
34 
266                 SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLII.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
					1HI	i'J!			-------_	
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		■----------------.	
									November.	
	9,586.		8,988.		9,482.		16,763.			
									18,675,	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 849 3 1	Cases.	Deathi 1,043 2
		358 1 3		370		422 2				
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
				2						
										
				1 1. 4		1 4 o 1				
		5 2						4		
										12
								2		4
										2
										
				1 2 4		1 1 1		2 1		1
										
		1								8
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
										
										
										
67. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
										
										
72. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
								3		2 3
										
										
		1				2				1 3
								4		
				1						
										
										
		1 1				4 1 1		1		3 1 5 3
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs. 83. A sthma...................................										
								1 1 3		
				1						
86. Dropsy of Chest........................		1								
						1			....	
		1 17						1 46 5 2 3		4 226 7 1 50
89. Inflammation of Lungs................				17		22 1 1 1				
90. Inflammation of Pleura...............										
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs.............										
92. Other Diseasos of this Order.........		2		1						
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic........................										
										
95. Cholera Morbus...............		1		1		3		1 1 2		2
96. Cirrhosis of Livor..........										
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease___		5		2		1				4
98. Dyspepsia...............										
99. Diseases of Pancreas ...							i ,			
						1				
										
						1		1		....
_ .		____	----							1.3W
		400		408		475		937		
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1863.                    267
TABLE XLII.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
17,662.			22,844.		21,737.		22, 908.		20,110.		20,179.		25,695.		17,886.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 11, 064 25 23
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103		1,184 1 1		1,111 2 3		1,227 3 3		1,625 1 5		1,197 4 4		836 2		842 4 1		
																
																
																
						1 11 9 2 1 2 4		1 18 4 2		2 9 10 1						6 96 53 15 1 5 23 6 27
		3 7		9 2 5								14 4		6 5		
																
																
																
								1 3						2 1 2 2		
		1		5						1		3				
																
		3		3						3		2				
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
										1						1
																
								1				1 3 2 4 1		1 3 3		3 36 20 10 21 15 1
		7 1 2 1 3		3 2		4 3 1 3 1				11 3 2 3						
								3 1 4 1								
																
				5 3												
																
																
																
																
		2 1 15 14		3 1 14 7 3		2 5 9 15 2		1				2		5		24 10 81 89 16 2 29 1,900 72 10 86 1 1 10 1 29 4
																
								21 22		10 16 2 1 4 220 3		5 4 1				
														6		
																
																
		6 274 9 2 15 1		3 308 5 2		3 275 26 2 4		6 324 9 3 4				1 103 4 3 2				
														68 3		
																
																
										3				1		
																
														1		
		1						1								
																
		1		3		4 4		2		2		1		2		
																
																
		1				6				1 2						9 o 5 3
																
		1				1 2		1 1								
																
																
		1,557		1,502		1,635		2,065		1,515		998		958		13,841
															il	
 
268
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLII.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION-Concluded.
	LSI					>2.			---1	
	July.		August.		September.				November. 18,675.	
										
	9, 586.		8,988.		9,482.		16,763.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deattit. 1,391 1 2 4 7 4 7 1 3 11
		400		408		475		937 1		
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
		1 1 2		1		1 1 3 3				
								3 9 4 1 8 1 2		
				2 1 4 1						
										
		1								
no' eh**' I fl f f Li						2 2				
		1								
										
		4				3				
Order VH.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
								1		2
										
										
		1		1						2
						1		1		
										
	1									
	i									
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
							~			
										
	|									
										
										1 1
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.		2				• 2		1		
132. Boils...............................................										
										
										
		1				2				
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 136. Burns...............................................								1 1		
		2				1 2				
				3						
										1
										
										
										1 1 41
								3 42 1		
		19		37		38				
										
		1 1		2						2 3
147. Punctured Wounds.............................								1		
										
149. Other Accidents and Injuries...............				2				2		3 1
150. ORDER II.—Homicide.....	i									
151. ORDER in.—Suicide...						1				
										
										1,492
Total...............		437		462	f.......	537		1,022		
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING JUNE  30, 1863.                    269
TABLE XLII.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION—Concluded.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
17,662.			22, 844.		21,737.		22,908.		20,110.		20,179.		25,695.		17, 886.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 11 fi		1,557 1 1 6 8 7 1 3 14		1,502 1 1 8 5 4		1,635		2,065 2 1 13 12 7 3 7 6 1		1,515		998		958 4 1		13,841 10 14 50 67 39 29 32 56 6 47 3 6 15
																
						4 4 8 1 3 7 7						1 5 4				
										5 3 3 6						
														4 5 2		
																
																
				5 3								5 4				
										3				5 2 14 1		
																
		4		4						4		1 1				
						1 2 3										
				1 1				2 1		1 1						
		2										4				
117																
118								2 2								2 23 5
119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152		3		3 1		5 1				4		1		1 1		
																
																
																
								1						1		2
																
												1				1 3 1 2 1 1 23
				1		1		1								
										1						
						2										
								1								
																
		3		1				4		2		6		1		
																
								1								1
																
				1												4 5 8 1G G
												2		2		
		1 1		1 3		2										
								4 1		1		1 2		1 2		
																
																
																
		1				1 4 182 1		2 7 88		1 2 66				1 2 409		7 37 1,419 4 9 7 1 23 2 4
				17 390								1 82 1 2				
		25 1 2 1 1 1														
																
																
														1		
																
				1		4		3		3				4 1 1		
																
												2				
																
	1															
		1,644		1,954		1,878		2,237		1,621		1,124		1,424		15,832
																
 
270
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE  XLIIL
Abstract  of  the Sickness and Mortality
Year.......................................
Month.....................................
Mean Strength, (not including Table XLII).
LIST OF DISEASES.
   CLASS  I.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
       Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever.............................
Typhus Fever..............................
Typho-Malarial Fever.......................
Yellow Fever...............................
Remittent Fever............................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever............
Tertian Intermittent Fever..................
Quartan Intermittent Fever..................
Congestive Intermittent Fever...............
Acute Diarrhoea.............................
Chronic Diarrhoea............................
Acute Dysentery............................
Chronic Dysentery...........................
Erysipelas..................................
Small-pox and Varioloid.....................
Measles.....................................
Scarlet Fever...............................
Diphtheria..................................
Mumps......................................
Epidemic Catarrh............................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
        Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.
Syphilis.....................................
Gonorrhoea.................................
Orchitis.....................................
Stricture of the Urethra.....................
Purulent Ophthalmia........................
Serpent Bite................................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
        Order III.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy.....................................
Purpura....................................
Delirium  Tremens..........................
Inebriation.................................
Chronic Alcoholism..........................
Other Diseases of this Order......'...........
CLASS  II.—CONSTITUTIONAL  DISEASES.
          Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout...................................
36. Acute Rheumatism......................
37; Chronic Rheumatism.....................
38. Anaemia.................................
39. General Dropsy..........................
40. Cancer..................................
41. Tumors.................................
42. Other Diseases of this Order.............
          Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption............................
44. Scrofula................................
45. Other Diseases of this Order.............
     CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch...............................
47. Tape-worm....................
48. Other Intestinal Worms.................
49. Other Diseases of this Order.......
Carried forward.
1862.
July.
183,580.
Cases.  Deaths.
842
 27
877
 3,491
 2,930
 2,369
   442
   191
10,186
 2,408
 1,671
   237
   178
    21
   143
     1
  291
   42
2,100

  240
  447
  101
   15
    9
  774
1,057
  125
  197
    1
   41
   80

  157
   54
15
32,175
405
 22
 26
 56
 54
223
 30
 21
  9
 10
  2
67
1,057
August.
169, 038.
Cases.  Deaths.
735
 35
763
3,068
3,250
2,617
  255
  101
7,979
1,699
1,408
  259
  139
   15
   38
    1
   93
   40
1,7U

  269
  442
   80
198
42
 25
552
623
 74
151
143
 41
12
27,026
244
 25
 12
 48
 20
 14
  2
 35
 39
209
 51
 40
  5
  4
  1
47
666
September.
213,107.
Cases.  Deaths
723
 18
679
 3,920
 5,857
 5,186
   705
   246
12,705
 2,099
 3,511
   391
   175
    17
   120
  157
  208
2,016

  460
  799
  100
   13
  1
  4

249
929
934
152
169
  3
 16
 76

168
 36
10
42,886
262
 20
 11
 61
  4
 11
  2
 68
 65
200
104
 71
  5
  5
  4
1,050
October.
311,780.
Cases.  Deaths.
1,329
   39
1,011
 5,070
 9,649
 8,365
   760
   324
17, 364
 2,524
 5,682
   761
   199
    16
 1,252
    1
    35
   662
 2,665
 1,830

   532
 1,210
   135
    29
    22
    1
    19

   105
    2
    35
    52
    1
   3
1,570
1,611
  237
  207
   8
   22
  135

  227
   52
55
65,851
405
 11
 41
 74
 10
  9
  4
 83

333
117
138
  7
  1
 47
  3
  1
114
 November.
  330,950.

Cases. Deaths.
1,500
  31
  750
1,578
 4,183
 7,551
 6,715
  739
  232
15,004
 2,952
 3,585
  567
  320
   20
 2,912
   11
  135
 1,559
 5,108
 1,548

  636
 1,266
  217
   38
   33
15
   9
1,997
2,187
  395
  180
   11
   17
   93

  309
   62
128
  3
 25
63,273 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
271
    TABLE XLIII.



of the Central Region.
	1862.									1863.							
	December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	353,713.			372,898.		376,676.		382,583.		386,934.		381,	534.	363,444.		318,853.	
		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1	1,574	594	1,751	643	1,817	804	1,737	722	1,318	594	885	354	652	312	14,863	i 5,939
	2	62	30	38	10	48	34	86	37	24	13	43	19	15	7	466	250
	3 4 5	657	24	1,061	54	1,461	111	1,272	118	1,025	104	789	74	742	64	11,087	667
		3,662	73	4,160	67	4,205	83	4,450	77	4,213	77	4,650	56	5,401	66	50, 473	820
	6	5,956	6	5,451	8	4,870	9	5,740	12	5,454	8	5,442	2	8,478	7	70, 628	111
	7	5,361	16	4,074	5	4,305	13	4,564	4	4,693	4	4,997	1	6,661	6	59, 907	96
	8	487	13	805		685	4	602	3	596		489	2	629		7,194	32
	9	179	78	299	63	260	76	256	64	328	58	188	43	231	71	2,835	779
	10	15,372	56*	23,268	82	19,277	98	21,915	102	20,014	41	19,474	35	21,988	35	204, 546	732
	11	2,790	408	4,367	457	3,627	626	4,047	777	3,535	677	3,164	605	3,245	608	36,457	5,534
	12	2,791	30	3,158	55	3,268	53	3,123	39	2,979	33	4,508	51	5,604	76	41,288	696
	13	361	58	590	56	489	67	458	92	272	36	316	51	506	60	5,207	788 j
	14	461	92	615	149	525	152	557	98	609	94	437	60	426	35	4,641	735 |
	15	134	28	357	70	353	120	413	148	374	104	215	91	95	29	2,036	619
	16	2,854	401	2,185	294	1,299	157	754	103	381	26	264	13	97	1	12,299	1,203
	17	8	1	11		8	5	25	1	15	3	8		1		90	11
	18	134	16	218	21	241	19	229	18	154	19	126	12	75	12	1,347	138 1
	19	2,222		1,776	2	1,469	6	1,091	2	808		525	1	209	1	10,862	15 j
	20	5.G80	1	4,354	1	4,290	4	3, 737	3	2,459		1,210	1	693		30,486	17
	21	1,540	46	1,186	11	1,093	82	749	72	696	31	629	20	268	2	15,426	646
	22	786	1	740	4	623		699	2	588	1	570		566	1	6,709	20
	23	1,175		1,110	4	909		1,085		1,012		985	2	1,010		11,450	6
	24	200		167	1	149	1	144		172	1	129		104		1,698	3
	25	35		19		40		36		30		18		21		302	
	26	50		92		91		129		125		150		183		875	
	27 28					1 18						3 17		3 19		17 197	
		o		11				56		22							
	29	115	2	89	6	396	3	532	6	770	11	508	5	529	10	3,922	53
	30	9		17	2	10	4	52	4	75	5	35	3	10	2	214	20
	31	26	5	26	6	42	5	48	7	44	8	36	6	28	5	398	68
	32	91		41		49	1	44	3	65	1	50	2	67	o	579	11
	33	13	1	10		7	2	22	1	21		24		14	1	121	5
	34	25		32	I	4		8		59		66		38		292	3
	35	8		5		5		8		2		3		4		81	
	36	2,403	6	2,455	4	2,380	14	2,296	8	1,839	6	1,428	4	1,164	I	19, "87	60
	37	2,157	4	2,379	10	2,273	7	2,243	3	1,634	7	1,126	1	947	2	19,171	41
	38	444	11	573	19	499	10	818	14	543	9	505	17	525	18	4,890	122
	39	156	7	114	5	109		168	3	92	4	49	1	59	2	1,651	41
	40	3	1	6	1	4		7		8	2	2		2		55	5
	41	26		24		22		37		37		15		31		296	1
	42	106	3	144	9	102	18	69	10	58	3	13	6	25		957	66
	43	253	139	338	156	355	194	433	223	336	141	225	117	181	89	3,125	1,373
	44	85		125	3	129	2	197	3	159	2	97	1	84	4	1,121	19
	45	5	1	9		25	4	39	1	10	1	4		2		94	10
	46	343		647		612		568		488		457		503		3,801	
	47	1		7		7		11		8		6		8		51	
	48	33		34		32		44		35		39		30		342	
	49			11		2		11		15		5		4	.......	i 50	
																	
		60,835	2,152	68,949	2,279	62,485	2,788	65,609	2,780	58,194	2,124	54,924	1,656	G2,177	1,529	1 664,384	21,755
 
272
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XLIII.—CENTRAL  REGION—Continued.
Ybak........................................
Month........................................

Mean Strength, (not including Table XLII).
LIST OF DISEASES.
 69.
 70.
 71
 72.

 73.
 74.
 75.
 76.
 77.
 78.
 79.
 80.
 81.
 82.

 83.
 84.
 85.
 86.
 87.
 88.
 89.
 90.
 91.
 92.

 93.
 94.
 95.
 96.
 97.
 98.
 99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
            Brought forward...................

    CLASS IV.—LOCAL  DISEASES.

    ORDER  I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
Apoplexy......................................
Epilepsy.......................................
Headache......................................
Insanity.......................................
Inflammation of Brain..........................
Inflammation of Membranes of Brain............
Inflammation of Spinal Chord...................
Nostalgia......................................
Neuralgia......................................
Paralysis......................................
Sun-stroke.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
         Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
Amaurosis.....................................
Cataract.......................................
Inflammation of Conjunctiva....................
Inflammation of Iris............................
Night Blindness................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
        ORDER HI.—Diseases of Ear.
Earache.......................................
Inflammation of Internal Ear....................
Deafness.......................................
Otorrhcea......................................
Other Diseases of this Order..............,......
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
Aneurism......................................
Valvular Disease of Heart......................
Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
Inflammation of Pericardium....................
Inflammation of Endocardium..................
Inflammation of Veins..........................
Varicose Veins.................................
Varicocele.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
  ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
Asthma........................................
Acute Bronchitis...............................
Chronic Bronchitis.............................
Dropsy of Chest...............................
Haemorrhage from Nose........................
Inflammation of Larynx........................
Inflammation of Lungs.........................
Inflammation of Pleura.........................
Hasmorrhage from Lungs.......................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
   Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Colic...................................
Constipation.................
Cholera Morbus..............
Cirrhosis of Liver............
Dropsy from Hepatic Disease.
Dyspepsia...................
Diseases of Pancreas.........
Diseases of Spleen...........
Fistula in Ano................
Hernia.......................
Haemorrhage from Stomach...
Carried forward.
Cases.
 20
 62
503
 47
 13
  7
 55
472
 49
132
102

 15
  9
671
  7
 41
 22

164
113
 14
 78
  13
  17
   3
  46
 126
  46

  75
,434
 147
   4
  20
  39
 318
 213
  40
  41

 871
,297
 623
 41
366
 24
280
 18
40,955
1,230
 43
301
 18
  2
  3
 81
390
 29
 53
 77

  9
  6
644
 14
 21
 19

 97
 74
 15
 82
   17
    7
    3
   23
  1.07
   25

   71
1,266
  106
   10
   20
   21
  211
. 116
   28
   51

  665
1,024
  479
 31
252
 31
 23
235
  3
33,848
958
 13
 63
348
 28
 12
 12
 43
522
 23
 39
 89

 12
 10
827
 17
 41
 60

149
 75
  9
 54
   10
    3
    1
   47
  102
   15

   85
1,317
  150
    8
   30
   47
  309
  178
   60
  111

  990
1,299
  528
 22
291
 G8
 33
331
 19
51,394
1,157
   17
  110
  336
   32
   14
   13
   65
   60
  701
   64
   18
   55

   13
    5
1,314
   14
   21
   70

  206
   77
   29
   92
   18
    4
    5
  125
  167
   50

  134
1,412
  236
    5
   69
  205
  816
  351
   95
  371

1,406
1,583
  512
    o
   32
  424
118
 29
459
 18
77,838
   18
  115
  608
   31
   32
   9
  157
   96
  949
   51
   2
  114

   18
   18
1,316
   16
   18
   61

  260
   94
   12
  109
  12
   4
   1
  15
   9
   2
  136
  182
  49

  186-
2,722
  380
  47
  39
  254
1,823
  531
  106
1,065
1,624

   6
   83
  509
150
 49
503
 10
1,782
79,262   2,535 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING  JUNE 30,  1863.
273
TABLE XLIII.—CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
1862.									1863.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
353,713.			372,898.		376,676.		382,583.		386,934.		381,534.		363,444.		313,853.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	60,835	2,152	68,949	2,279	62,485	2,788	65,609	2,780	58,194	2,124	54,924	1,656	62,177	1,529	664,384	21,755
50	28	14	17	12	26	20	31	20	23	14	17	10	14	12	232	154
51	111	4	125	6	154	11	140	7	123	9	104	2	74	2	1,224	61
52	928	........	1,022		1,047		■1,115		1,192		1,037		1,197		9,634	
53	30	1	45	1	34	2	62	2	29	2	40		27	1	423	12
54	24	15	32	36	29	•42.	51	48	32	35	20	29	15	18	276	298
55	2G	20	20	19	36	28	24	18	9	15	5	9	7	8	171	139
56	94	1	106	B	84	7	96	6	58	2	27		33		720	29
57	140	1	173	2	207	2	125		124		107		86		1,297	7
58	1,086		1,122		1,143	2	1,212	1	1,060		935		819	2	10,411	6
59	52	2	83	9	64	9	75	9	56	3	41	3	30	3	617	56
60 61					3 172	4	2 210	6	29 110	1 3	146 66	3 3	133 171	8 4	557 1,423	33 73
	76	6	181	11												
62	18		27		26		28		29		26		20		241	
63	14		26		10		22		58		10		12		200	
64	1,379		1,314		1,309		1,575		1,548		1,670		1,531		15, 098	
65	41		29		46		46		31		24		18		303	
66	5		18		17		45		72		72		98		469	
67	47		73		73		68		81		55		51		680	
68	303		396		407		357		320		219		235		3,113	
69	121		110		115		75		84		56		43		1,037	
70	23		52		39		56		40		22		14		325	
71	187		175		174		167		117	1	72		70		1,377	1
72	11		8		10		9		5		3		5		91	
73	1	1	2		5	1	10	3	8	1	5	2	5	1	49	9
74	32	9	45	8	77	10	87	11	69	24	60	9	43	6	430	86
75	1	1	14	3	16	4	21	4	26	4	10	9	10	4	102	32
76		2	9	2	11	2	24	3	5	5	2	4	6	2	58	21
77	29	3	32	6	37	10	26	9	27	5	23	3	24	5	271	65
78	10	4	5	5	17	2	11	2	21	4	18		14		136	30
79	5		11		7		18		7		7		2	1	71	2
80	85		154		135		163		157		136		108		1,315	
81	136		165		158		149		142		114		95		1,643	
62	60	5	34	4	50	10	37	6	65	4	28	3	26	6	485	71
83	129	2	179	1	146	8	192		154	2	86		68		1,505	20
84	3,098	24	3,286	26	3,540	29	2,947	27	2,450	15	1,231	14	1,064	4	25, 767	156
85	478	21	727	14	712	30	790	28	544	26	309	9	300	17	4,879	158
86	8		6	3	4	2	16	2	13	3	5	2	7		133	24
87	95		44		21		47		37	1	45		31		498	2
88	228	8	398	6	515	12	565	17	396	9	314	3	196	1	3,178	73
89	2,184	528	2,025	621	2,395	625	2,133	611	1,540	466	828	194	443	112	15,025	3,798
90	647	11	683	15	708	39	747	17	558	8	411	13	337	6	5,480	130
91	79	5	154	4	98	7	172	5	115	6	99	7	61		1,107	40
92	1,239	20	1,261	3	1,145	11	1,076	18	776	7	350	6	248	4	7,657	152
93	1,270	2	1,192		1,101	1	1,018	1	967		1,008	1	1,101		12, 654	10
94	1,835		1,792	1	1,678	2	1,869	1	1,789	1	1,706		1,884	1	19, 380	6
95	298	3	301		193	1	249	2	226	3	466	6	554	7	4,814	54
96	1		7		9		5		8		24		5		67	1
97	79	2	79	5	107	5	142	5	113	5	69	6	78	2	876	46
98	453		612		649	5	641		589		614		500		5,900	6
99 100	4 73	1	1 61				12 41				2 32				19 789	10
					70	7			49	1			28			
101	59		36		47		58	1	44	3	41		35		478	4
102	425	1	513		454	2	463	1	372		294		223		4,557	8
103	9		32	1	30	4	44	1	17		3		12		215 833,841	6
	78,629	2,869	87,963	3,113	81,845	3,744	84, 973	3,672	74,708	2,812	68, 038	2,006	74, 388	1,766		27, 644
35 
274
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE  XLIII.—CENTRAL  REGION—Concluded.
Year........................................
Month.......................................
Mean Strength, (not including Table XLII).
LIST OF  DISEASES.
             Brought forward......................

ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
104. Haemorrhage from Bowels.....
105. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
106. Inflammation of Stomach......
107. Inflammation of Bowels.......
108. Inflammation of .Peritonaeum...
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver ..
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
111. Jaundice.....................
112. Piles.........................
113. Other Diseases of this Order...
 Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.

114. Stone and Gravel..................................■
115. Diabetes...........................................
116. Bright's Disease...................................•
117. Diseases of Prostate...............................
118. Diseases of Testis.............................----
119. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
120. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
121. Incontinence of Urine..............................
122. Hydrocele.........................................
123. Other Diseases of this Order.......................,
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries......................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
     Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess.......................................
132. Boils.........................................
133. Carbuncle....................................,
134. Whitlow.......................................
135. Skin Diseases..................................
  CLASS V.—WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS,  AND
                    INJURIES.

      ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns...........................................,
137. Contusions.......................................,
138. Concussion of Brain...............................
139. Drowning.........................................
140. Sprains...........................................
141. Dislocation.......................................
142. Simple Fractures..................................
143. Compound Fractures..............................
144. Gunshot Wounds..................................
145. Incised Wounds...................................
146. Lacerated Wounds................................
147. Punctured Wounds................................
148. Poisoning........................................,
149. Other Accidents and Injuries.......................
150. Order II.—Homicide................
151. ORDER III.—Suicide..............

152. ORDER IV.—Execution of Sentence.
Total.
ls<J2.
July.
183, 580.
Cases.  Deaths.
40, 955
191
128
 70
 12
190
109
959
407
249
565
232
100
 67
361
 53
209
 17
109
 28
 54
315
127
178
 27
 37
115
46,157
48
1,344
August.
169,038.
Cases.  Deaths
132
 73
 32
 12
147
 99
693
353
285
 73
 22
  6
 11
129
485
269
108
 67
311
 43
175
  7
497
104
190
 41
 73
 74
38,527
958
77
1,085
September.
213,107.
Cases.  Deaths
51,394
234
119
 50
  7
269
144
851
632
266
  1
102
 32
  9
 12
107
529
288
116
 84
655
 41
206
 16
   81
   33
   50
    1
1,129
  113
  206
   64
   18
   92
1,157
121
  2
 13
October.
311,780.
Cases.  Deaths.
   18
  462
  225
   70
   31
  229
  244
1,344
  925
  474
 12
 16
  1
  1
 16
119
 44
 11
 28
167
875
414
163
 74
257
 92
329
 17
  277
   42
   71
    5
2,944
  161
  563
   98
   21
  188
1,782
58,021
1,354
20
88,930 j  2,672 : 88,743
2,857 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
275
TABLE XLIII.—CENTRAL REGION-Concluded.
186'		)_							1863.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		M.	lY.	June.		Total.	
353,713.			372,	898.	376, 676.		382,	583.	386,934.		381,	534.	363, 444.		318, 853.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	78,629	2,869	87,963	3,113	81, 845	3,744	84,973	3,672	74,708	2,812	68,038	2,006	74,388	1,766	833,841	27, 644
104	28	2	56	2	58	4	61	5	76	2	36		Gl	12	409	31
105	1,116	3	1,138	2	1,100	5	978	o	891		633	2	392	1	8,077	23
106	270	10	226	15	232	12	209	28	234	17	143	12	183	13	2,256	129
107	108	19	177	24	144	23	148	20	155	11	147	16	137	19	1,339	184
108	62	12	36	10	18	6	27	12	26	10	16	5	34	11	312	94
109	314	3	257	2	209	10	234	4	224	8	159	6	138	4	2,622	56
110	270	8	247	6	232	8	245	11	213		171	5	143	1	2,340	51
111	1,990	19	1,613	8	1,334	9	1,313	8	1,030	6	720	6	651	9	15,149	91
112	831	1	1,011		1,051		1,075	1	988	1	891	1	908	4	9,890	17
113	188	10	329	5	317	4	357	4	291	6	269	3	149	15	3,483	79
114	50		72	1	65	2	82		49		28	1	42	1	■438	6
115	15	1	26	1	34	3	48	2	29	1	12	1	19		271	10
116	14	2	22	2	33	6	38	1	41	1	24	4	18		204	19
117	7		30		8	1	11		6		4		3		86	1
118	• 39	1	63		66		56	2	49		31		25		403	3
119	208	3	210	5	259	8	215	7	231	5	143	1	156	1	1,942	36
120	60		75	1	67	2	77		53	1	27		33	1	567	9
121	45		57		60		57		60		34		41		431	1
122	27		42		28		35		16		10		17		273	
123	110	1	97		83		25	1	26	1	44		26	2	1,000	6
124	17		25		26		31		23		11		7		186	
125	6		13		11		16		10		3	1	3		72	1
126	51		59	1	45	1	67	1	76		68		55		481	3
127			5		16		5 27		5 42	1	6 24		3 24		45 .190	1 3
128	4		18		28	3										
129	23		32		25		21	2	30		19		11		263	4
130	19		22		18		8		21		8		2		159	1
131	699	6	586	4	464	1	512	8	468	3	515	6	505	3	6,871	47
132	512		560		531		575		668		799		990		6,221	
133	71		56		72		84	1	76		67		63		1,093	2
134	98		128		119		148		163		157		• 147		1,380	
135	252		284	1	292		238		232		149		297		3,590	4
136	98	1	144	3	116		137	3	110		111	2	101	5	1,153	18
137	380	1	388	3	336	2	392	1	512	2	502		506	2	• 4,312	19
138	22	6	18	3	3	\2	14	6	9	4	20	1	19	5	174	38
139						13		23		9		9				79
140	339		395		344		464		477		562		426		3,846	
141	58	-- ...	37		41		34		44		38	1	27		471	1
142	117	2	85		50	1	64	4	79	3	94	1	G4	2	860	18
143	18		19	26	6	7	13	. 7	13	4	48	6	47	4	172	58
144	4,935	•512	3,158	643	376	232	429	118	790	151	7,898	485	2,595	684	25,461	3,855
145	178	1	187	5	149	2	177	1	182	3	184	3	154		1,863	67
146	454	39	179	14	137	3	103	1	103	2	109	3	101	2	2,513	225
147	74	3	59	1	53		47		61		158	6	59	2	796	55
148	18	2	29	2	24	1	35		8		39	4	43		365	14
149	329	22	189	12	131	10	140	14	113	10	94	8	62	11	1,633	141
150 151 152		1 3 1		1 5		1 2 1				1 10 3		6 10 1		1 4		13 48 7
								3 1								
																
																
	93,153	3,564	100,422	3,925	90, 656	4,129	94,045	3,974	83,711	3,088	83,263	2,622	83,875	2,598	949,503	33,212
 
 
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
277
                          PACIFIC  REGION.

    The reports from the  Pacific  Region have been consolidated into two  tables, as
follows:

    1. The Department of New Mexico.....Table XLIV.
    2. The Department of the Pacific     -                      Table  XLV.
         To which is added—
    3. A consolidated table for the Pacific Region     -             Table XLVI.

              1. The  Department of New Mexico—Table  XLIV.

    This table embraces all reports received from stations in New Mexico and  Colorado.
January 14, 1863, the district of western Arizona was added  to the Department  by
General Orders No. 13.   It has still, however, been consolidated with the Department
of the Pacific.

              2. The Department of the Pacific—Table  XLV.

    This table includes all reports received from stations west of the Rocky Mountains
which are  not embraced in the Department of New Mexico.
CONSOLIDATED TABLE EOR THE UNITED STATES—Table XLVII.

This table is prepared by consolidating tables XXXIII, XLIII, and XLVI 
278
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE XLIY.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
	1862.									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		Novei	
										
	4,313.		3,856.		3,143.		3,501.		3,8	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Dcathi 2
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	2		2 1 2		16	3 1	1 1 6		17	
										
	10				5			1	4	
										
	16 32 22 7		25 43 47 21	1	55 47 12		33 8 11		42 6 7	
										
										
										
										
	68 2 140'	1	145 1 15		87 6 14		75 1 34 3		C2 22 3 5 1 13	3
										
										
										
	3 6		1 1 1		1 1 9					
							4			
										
										
										
										
							55 16 37 49 9		79 16 48 56 8	
	23 20 38 2		9 38 43 7		26 31 69 5					
ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy..............................................	90		517		20		7		5	
										
					1 15				1 1	
	1		2				5			
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	47 14		40 14		53 12		37 21		31 21	
										
										
										
									1 1	1........
			3 3 2 1				2 2 1			
					1 1 1				1	
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.	4								1	
44. Scrofula.......................................										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES.										
						1				
48. Other Intestinal Worms...	1		3		1					
							1........1			
								__________i_________________________.------------------—		
Carried forward.......	548	1	987	1	489	4	419	1	452 1 4	
1										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
279
         TABLE XLIV.



of the Department of New Mexico.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March. 1 April.				May.		June.		Total.	
4,133.			4,758.		4,567.		4,294.		3, 057.		3,244.		2,468.		3,762.	
l o 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49	Cases. 4	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.
			3 1		2		1						1		49 3 92	5 1 1
																
	26				6		4		7		7		15			
																
	14 11 6 4 2 57 12 9 4 2 4	=	12 ■ 6 12 16		1 25 2 3 3 33 2 9	1 1	3 24 9 6 1 54 7 4 5		15 15 7		10 14 6		4 11 8 1 1 61 4 9		230 242 149 58 8 812 73 275 24 22 46 10	L 1 1 4 1
											1 77 3 20	1				
			51 5 16 7 8 3	1					42 8 2							
									2 1		2 4		2			
					5		4									
																
																
			50 4 185 6 48 77 6 2		30										80 4 800 160 473 C04 82 9	2
																
	75 27 36 50 8 1				128 8 58 , 61 7 1		90 9 63 44 10 1	1	82 11 23 44 7		78 2 37 33 10 2		28 7 34 40 3 2	1		
																
																
			8 7		6 3		2 17		1 32		1 26		1 5		19 732	
	3															
	1 7		8 11		3 3		1 9 1				1 2				16 68 1 1	
									6				6			
					1											
																
	42 16		61 29 4		51 20		35 31 2		20 18		41 15		23 15 2 1		481 226 8 1 4 11 8 13 13	1
																
					2				1							
			3 1										2			
											1 1 1					
	1						1 2						1 1	1		
			3		3				1							
																
			1		1										2 1 9	
													1			
	1										1					
																
																
	423		G54	1	477	2	440	1	345		396	1	289	2	5,919	18
 
280                  SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLIV.—DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO—Continued.
					1802.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVE	
										«BER.
	4,313.		3,856.		3,143.		3,501.		3,8	
										14.
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 452	Deathi. 4
	548	1	987	1	489	4	419	1		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
										
	8		4		10 1		1			
									1	
										
									1 1	
										
							2 5 1			
	4		7		16				3	
										
										
	2		2		1		1			
ORDER II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	19		20		18		20		9	
										
			1 1 3 7							
	4 8 3				5 3					
ORDER III.—Diseases of Ear.							1 1		1 3	
										
										
	6		7		6		2		1	
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										
										
					.					
										
										
										
										
										
	2				1 1 25		1 1 2		4 1 3	
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs. 83. A sthma.............................................										
	31		34							
										
86. Dropsy of Chest....................................										
										
			2 4 3				1 3			
	1 1			1	3				4	1
90. Inflammation of Pleura..............................										
					2					
92. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	2 5 65 6		3 8 52 9				1 5 49 1			
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic...............................................					G 48 6				16	
										
95. Cholera Morbus.....................................										
96. Cirrhosis of Liver...................................										
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease........................										
	3		1		8		6		5	
99. Diseases of Pancreas..........										
100. Diseases of Spleen.......									I	
101. Fistula in Ano.......			1 1		1 3		1 5			
	4							........ 3		
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach										
Carried forward......										.
	722	1	1,157	2	653	4	529	1	511	5
1										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.                    281
TABLE XLIV.—DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO—Continued
1862. |			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
4,133.			4,758.		4,567.		4,294.		3,057.		3,244.		2,468.		3,762.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	423		G54	1	477	2	440	1	345 1 2 2 1		396	1	289 1 2 4	2	5,919 2 10 52 6 3 1 2 2 65 5	18 2 2
	1 1		3 4 1				1 8 1 1	1			1 3					
					7 1 2	1										
																
																
			1													
																
	3 1		6		4		4		5		5		3 3	2		
			•													
															6 1 1 229 11 2 18 25 26 2 26 3 1 2	1
							1									
											1 24					
	22		23 4		24 2		21 2		18 2				11 1 1			
																
			4 1 1						1 2 1		3					
					a		3						1 3 1 1			
	6										1 1					
																
							1		2							
			2 1	1	i											
																
							2									
																
																
	2					1	1				1 1	1			4 1	2
																
																
											1				1 1 12 4 156 5	1
													1			
	3	1									1					
			1 6 2													
	13 1				3		6		11		17 2		5			
																
									1				1		2 12 78 28 4 109 52 653 25	8 2 1 o
							1 5 2 1 41				8 6 2					
	4	1	6 5	1	31 7	1 2			6 3	3			5 5 1			
																
	1 1 32		13 1 43 1		43 8 45 2			1	4 6 71	2	1 4 83					
													6 77			
							72									
																
																
	6		13		4	........	7		6		5		4		66	
											1				2 3 33	
																
	3		8 1		3		1		2							
															1 ........	
																
	523	2	803	3	666	7	G22	3	492	5	568	2	426	4	7,672	39
3G 
282
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLIV.—DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO—Concluded.
					IH	(>2. MBER.			-	
										
	July.		August.		Septe		October.			
									3,814.	
	4,313.		3,856.		3,143.		3,501.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Coses. 511	Deaths. 5 >
	722	1	1,157	2	G53	4	529	1		
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	6		7		5		1		1	
										
	1	1	1 1 1 2 1 16 2	1						
										
	2				3 4 5 6 1 1					
						1	4 16 2 1			
									7 2	
	8 6									
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
										
										
										
					2					
							1			
										
									1	
	11		2		7		4			
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
			2							
										
										
										
										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	6 5		13 3 1 2 16 1 17 1		17		32 1		14	
132. Boils...............................................										
133. Carbuncle..........................................										
134. Whitlow............................................	7 22				I 5				3 5	
							4			
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 136. Burns..............................................										
	9				27	1	14		16	
										
										
	2		4		3 1 1		3 1		3	
										
	1		2						3	
										
	9 1 19 2 2	3	10 6 13 1 2 1	1	11 10 11 1		21 5 5 1 2 4		15 3 8 1 1	1
										
										
147. Punctured Wounds..................................										
148. Poisoning...............................										
149. Other Accidents and Injuries..................										
										
										
										1
Total...........										
	841	5	1,285	4	775	6	651	1	594	6
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 1863.                     283
TABLE XLIV.—DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO—Concluded.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
4,133.			4,758.		4,567.		4, 294.		3, 057.		3,244.		2,468.		3,762.	
	Cases.	Deaths. 2	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152	523		803	3	666	7	622	3	492	5	568	2	426	4	7,672	39
	6 2		16 2 1 1		7		13 2		8 6 1		11 4 1		11 1 1		92 17 6 2 11 19 61 89 15 4 2	2 1
																
																
							1 1 6 18 2				3 1 2 6 1		1 2			
	1 8 6		1 10 10		3 5 7											
									1 5							
													3 2			
	1		1 1						1							
					I											
																
																
																
									2		1				5 5 1 1 27 1	
			2		1		1									
	1															
																
	1				1						1					
			1													
																
															2	
																
							1								1 2 5 159 31 12 20 83 10 270 3	2
			1						1 3 12							
					1 13 3						1 13 4 2 1 8					
	13		8 6 2 2 2 1 32				7 6 7 2 1 2 42 1						11 3			
																
													2 4 2 14			
	4 1 28				5 3 27				7							
								1	23		21 1					
																
	24 9 2		20 2 6		9 1 2		20		11 2		10		4 1 2		113 17 21	
							1				1					
																
	7 1 9 3		7 11 22		7 3 8 2		8 9 12 2		3 1 19 2	1	6 4 14 4		6 5 6 3 4	1	110 59 146 22 12 16	6 1
			1 3													
	1				2		2		3							
																
												1				1
																
																
1 __	651	2	975	3	777	7	89	4	603	6	689	3	514	5	9,144	52
 
284
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE XLV.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1862.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVEMBEH. 6,037.	
										
	5,359.		5,166.		5,792.		6,671.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.			16 2 19	1	12		26		3 1 5	1
										
	9				9		16			
										
	7 36 23 1		35 27 17		79 61 35 1 1 143 5 44 6 7		38 38 54 5		14 41 48 6 1 135 6 27 5 6	
										1
										
										
			2 153 11 26 8 4	1						
	138 2 29 4 3						128 8 28 4 2 1	1		
										
										
										
										
										
			1							
										
						-				
			3				1		1	
	12 48 63 54 6									
		1	45 62 64 14 4		35 67 64 13 4		16 77 89 10 5		36 78 61 9 2	.......
Order II.—Enthctic Diseases. 22. Syphilis.............................................										
										
24. Orchitis....................................										
										
										
27. Serpent Bite........................................	2	i					1			
										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.	13		10				1	1	8	
										
	7 10		3 9		4 8		3 6		6 17	
										
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.			1 33 52							
	60 32				55 43		81 63		97 71	
										
										
			2							
	1 1 2 G 3								1 2 3 5 2	
		1	1 2 1 9				2 5 6	2		
					1 3 4					
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.										
44. Scrofula...................................										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch.............										
										
48. Other Intestinal Worms.......	1		2				2		1	
49. Other Diseases of this Order.										
										•2 _____
Carried forward...	573	2	638	2	704		716	4	698	
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
285.
        TABLE XLV.



of the Department of the Pacific.
	1862. 1			1863.													
	December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	5,709.			5,437.		5,276.		5,153.		5,666.		6,757.		4, 332.		5,613.	
		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Casei.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1	3	1	2		2										65 5 77	2 1
	?							2									
	3 4 5	8		2		2		3		4							
																	
		13		3		6		14		20		26		18		273	
	6	30		26		11		9		31		36		35		381	
	7	22		23		15		16		19		14		8		294	
	8	2		1				3				x		1 2 53		21 14 1,069	
		2						1				5					1
	10	70		43		28		34		88		56			-		
	11 12	4		5				5		1		2		4 8		53 225	
		9		18		3		8		15		10					2
		3		o				1		I		2		2		38 50 1 12 2 1 227	
	14 15 16 17 18 19	4		8		6		3		1		6	1				1
																	
		2				1		3		4		1 2					
																	
														1 6			
		6		46		70		52		28		14					
	20 21			115		106		78		75		68		23			
		12		20		18	1	18		4		5		3		260	2
	22	73		86	1	68		43		58		53		61		789	1
	23	58		42		35		48		64		96		73		748	
	24	10		7		21		8		12		10		4		124	
	25	2		3	1	3		2		1		1		2		29	1
	26 27 28 29 '30 31											2		2		4 3 5 36 2 62	1 1
																	
			-									4		1 1			
								2		1 1 17							
											1	1 6					
		1		3		2		2						8			
	32	31		18		15		19		11		11		9		1G4	
	33 34											1		3		4	
																	
	35 36							3 46		10 29		1 40				15 640	
		55		66		34								44			
	37	44		37		35		34		37		41		33		. 522	
	38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49											3		6		9 4 2 12 29 40 31	7
				2													
																	
		2 1 3	1	1 5 1 3						2 4 6 3				1			
						2 1 2	1	4									
											2	6 1		2 3			
								1									
																	
										o 3 1		1 1		2 1		. 5 5 13	
																	
		1				4		1									
																	
																	
		471	2	588 1 2		490	2	463		553	3	527	1	421		0,842	20
 
28G
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLV.—DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC—Continned.
	1862.									IBER. 1
	July.		August.		September. 1 October.				NOVEl	
	5,359.		5,166.		5,792.		6,671.		6,037.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. '	Dcatlu.
	573 3 1 27 1	2 1	638	2	704 1 2 14 1		716	4	698	2
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
			2 10 1				3 16		2 10	1
										
										
										
							2			
										
										
	18		22 2		30 3		18 1		27	
										
										
	1		4 1		2 1		1 1		5 2 1 18 3	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	33 3		21 3		21 2		20 4 2 1 1 3			
										
										
			1 3 6 1 1		2 4 10 3 4				1 1 3 4 1	
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.	5 1 2									
										
										
						........	1			
	|									
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										
										
										
					1 1				2	1
	1 2									
										
					1 1					
			2 3 2 61 5						1 4 6 142 1	
	11 1 65 4	1					2 3 107 2			
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs. 83. A sthma.............................................					4 102 7					
										
										
										
			2 1 3 4 4 5 7 98 8							
	1 4 7 3 2 6 74 5				2 5 3 3 2 20 75 6		1 1 6 2 2 11 75		11 1 18 3 2 10 121 1	
										
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic............................................										
										
										
										
					1 25			1		
	16		13				11		7	
										
100. Diseases of Spleen............							1 2			
101. Fistula in Ano.............			2 3		3 7				1 5	
102. Hernia.................	3 1									
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach.......							1		4 ........	
										
Carried forward......	. 874	4	939	2	1,073		1,021	5	1,116	4
										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE  30,  1863.
287
TABLE XLV.—DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC—Continued.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May. Ju::e.				Total.	
5,709.			5,437.		5,276.		5,153.		5,666.		6,757.		4,332.		5,613.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 9C 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 10(1 101 102 103	471	2	588 1 1 8 2 1	2	490	2	463		553	3	527	1 1	421		6,842 5 23 153 9 1 2 3 1 232 15 1 24 6 3 259 21 3 16 27 32 23 15 1	20 2 1 1
	4 8						1 12 1		2 11 2		4 8 1		1 24			
					10											
																
																
					1 1 19 2		1				1					
																
	14 2		18 2				11 1		12		21 1	........	22 1 1 2			
																
	3		1		1	1			1		3					
							1									
									1 21 2		1 35 1 1 3 3 1 2 2					
	23 1		17		14 2		15						21	........1		
																
	3 2 2 1 2						3 4		2							
					2 1 3 1								2 1 I			
			4	----												
							2		4							
			3													
									1							
																
									1				1		2	
																
																
	3 1		2		1		1		1	........	1				12 3 3 4 9 27 24 841 48	1 1
									1							
	1 1 4 2 182 3		1								1					
					1		1 1		2							
			2													
					2 21				3 57 4		1 40 7					
			17 4				11 2						36 9			
																
									1 10 8 7 1 37 4 77	2	1 10 9 11 1 8 8 74 3		1 1 3 6 1 12 13 60	1	5 75 50 97 23 80 97 898 29	3
	20 9 11		6 2 7 2 2 6 50 2				12 3 7 1 4 4 67 2									
					2 10 2 3 3 44 1											
	1 5 83 1															
																
															1 160	1 1
	8	1	7		6		8		13		29		17			
											1				2 8 50 6	1
																
	9		5		2		3		3		2	1	4			
																
	880	3	761	2	645	3	642		842	5	822	3	661	1	10,276	32
 
288
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLV—DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC—Concluded.
	1862.									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	5,359.		5,166.		5,792.		6,671.		6,037. |	
										
LIST OP DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 4
ou ht forward	874	4	939	2	1,073		1,021	5	1,116	
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	17 11		14 22 1		22 16 8		19 19 2 1 3 4	1 1	18 8 2	1
										
■ n am,na |°n °										
or' /a m ^f0 °f P 't										
					3 2 1 14 1				6 2	
	3 1 7 1 1 3		3							
										
			19 5				19 1 1		18 7	
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
			2		1				1	
										
										
										
					2		6 1		4	
										
										
	1 16	1	1 11 1		2 7					
							8		■ fi	
Order Vin.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
	1									
	1									
										
										
										
	1 12 20 2 7 22 4 43 1									
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.			12 12 3 14 21 3 40		12 15 6 8 21 1 29		16 19 1 3 15 1 35 1		19 18 1 4 10 3 44 1	.....
132. Boils...............................................										
										
134. Whitlow...........................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order 1.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 136. Burns...............................................										
										
										
										
	13 2 3		18 3 3		15 5 6		20 1 5		23 1 7	
										
										.:
										
	5 11 19 2 3 4	1	7 10 24 3 11 2	3	7 14 17 2 7 2	1	4 16 15 4 2		12 12 17 3 4 8	3
										
										
										
										......
149. Other Accidents and Injuries............										1
										
										
										
										
Total.............			1,204	5	1,319	1	1,263	7	1,375	8
-------------------										
 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING  JUNE 30, 1863.
289
TABLE XLV.—DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC—Concluded.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
5,709.			5,437.		5,276.		5,153.		5, 666.		6,757.		4,332.		5,613.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 1 Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 822	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	880	3	761	2	645	3	642		842	5		3	661	1	10,276	32
104 105 106 107 108 109 110 HI 112 113																
	17 4 2 1 7 7 1 20 7	1 2	18 2 2		23 3		15 3		23 2 2		22 1 1 1 4 4		12		220 91 21 3 36 36 17 1C3 55	2 3 3 1
												1	1	1		
																
			8 1 3 9 8		2 1 1 7 4		2 1		1 4 5 13 7							
												1	4 5 16 7			
							15 4				6 3					
114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123	1														3 8 2 2 2 18 10 1 7 73	1 1
													1 1			
											1 2					
																
									2							
	2 2										3 1 1 1 1		1 1	1		
			1		1		2		1							
					I 5		1 5									
	7		3						1				3			
124 125 126 127 128 129 130							1		2		1		1 1 3		6 I 5 1	
																
									1 1		1					
																
																
	1														1 4	
									1		1		1			
131 132 133 134 135	13 11		35 19		21 3		34 12 2 3 6		14 3 1 4 9		10 8 1 8 9		17 14		215 154 17 59 146	
	2 11				3 3								3 10			
			9													
136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149	5 51		4 44 1		8 29		2 36				5 63 1 25 1 5	2	2 28 5 20 3 1	1	38 502 10	4
									60							
										1						
	14		15 1 8		15		11		14 1 2						203 18 54	
	6				6		2									
	6 17 17 3 1 10	1	48 9 13 4	2	8 8 23 2 2 7	8	6 12 20 3 5 5	2	10 7 8 1 2 3	1 1	9 7 5 2 2 4	4 1	3 7 3 1 2 8	1	125 130 181 30 41 134	23 1 5
			81													
150 151 152												1				1
																
																
	1,126	7														
			1,107	4	831	11	850	2	1,047	8	1,042	13	846	5	13,119	77
37 
290
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE XLVL



Abstract of the Sickness  and Mortality
	1862.									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVBkbjb.	
										
	9,672. •		9,022.		8,935.		10,172.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deathi 2 1 2 1
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	2		18 3 21	1	28	3 1	27 1 22	1	20 1 9	
										
	19				14					
										
	23 68 45 8		60 70 64 21 2 298 12 41 8 5 1 2	1 1	134 108 47 1 1 230 11 58 6 8 1 9		71 46 65 5		56 47 55 6 1 197 28 30 10 7 13	
										
										
										
										
	206 4 169 4 6 6	1					203 9 62 7 2 5	1		
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
			3				1 55 32 114 138 19 5		1 79 52 126 117 17 2	
	12 71 83 92 8									
21. Other Diseases of this Order.........................		1	54 100 107 21 4		61 98 133 18 4					
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis.....................................										
										
24. Orchitis.....................................										
25. Stricture of the Urethra..........................										
										
27. Serpent Bite.................................	2						1			
28. Other Diseases of this Order.....................										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.....................................	103		527		20		8	1	13	
										
	7 11		3 11		5 23		3 11		7 18	
										
										
34. Other Diseases of this Order...................										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.			1 73 66							
	107 46				108 55		118 84		128 92	
										
										
			2							
	1 1 2 10 3								2 3 3 6 2	
		1	4 5 3 10				4 7 7	2		
42. Other Diseases of this Order....................					2 4 5					
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.										
44. Scrofula.......................										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch..........										
47. Tape-worm..........										
48. Other Intestinal Worms .	2		5		1		3		2	
49. Other Diseases of this Order										
Carried forward___										6
	1,121	3	1,625	3	1,193	4	1,135	5	1,150	
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
291
   TABLE XLVI.
of the Pacific Region.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
9,842.			10,195.		9,843.		9, 447.		8,723.		10,001.		6,800. 1		9,375.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	7	1	5		4		1						2		114	7
2			1				2								8	2 1
3 4 5	34		2		8		7		11		7		15		169	
	27		15		7		17		35		36		22		503	1
6	41		32		36		33		46		50		46		623	
7	28		35		17		25		26		20		16		443	
8 9	6 4		17		3 3	1	9 2				1 6		2 3		79 22	2
																
10	127		94	1	61		88		130		133		114		1,881	1
11	16		10		2	1	12		9		5	1	8		126	4
12	18		34		12		12		17		30		17		500	3
13	7		9				6		1		2		2		62	
14	6		16		6		3		3		8	1	2		72	1
15 16 17 18 19	4 2		3		5 1		4 3		1 4		4 1 2				47 22 2 81 231	
																
																
			50 50		30 70								1 6			
	6						52		28		14					
20	75		300		234		168		157		146		51		1,277	
21	39		26		26	1	27		15		7		10		420	2
22	109		134	1	126		106	1	81		90		95	1	1,262	3
23	108		119		96		92		108		129		113		1,352	
24	18		13		28		18		19		20		7		206	
25	3		5	1	4		3		1		3		4		38	1
26 27 28											2		2		4 3 24	
																
			8		6		2		1		5		2			
29	3		7		3		19		33		26		6		768	1
30 31									1 17	1	1 7				2 78	1
	2		11		5		3						8			
32	38		29		18		28		17		13		15		232	
33 34							1				1		3		5 1	
					1											
35 3G							3 81		10 49		1 81				15 1,121	
	97		127		85								67			
37	60		66		55		65		55		56		48		748	
38 39 40 41 42			4 2				2				3		8 1		17 5 6 23 37	
																
					2				1 2 4							
	2 1		4 6										3			
											1					
43	4	1	1		1	1	_ 1		6	2	7		3	1	53	8
44 45 46 47 48 49			6		5		3		4		2		.4		44	
																
			1		1				2 3 1		1 1 1		2 2		7 6 22	
																
	2				4		1									
																
																
	894	2	1,242	3	967	4	903	1	898	3	923	2	710	2	12, 761	38
 
292
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLVL—PACIFIC REGION—Continued.
	1862.								--------1	
	July.		August.		September.		October.		Novem_r_. 9,851.	
* '"										
	9,672.		9,022.		8,935.		10 l~9			
								Deaths.		
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.		Cases. 1,150	Death*. 6
	1,121 3 1 35 1	3 1	1,625	3	1,193 1 2 24 2	4	1,135	5		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
			2 14 1				3 17		a 10 1	1
										
										
										
							2		1 1	
										
							2 23 2			
	22		29 2		46 3				30	
										
										
	3		6 1		3 1		2 1		5 1 27 3	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	52 3		41 3 1 2 6 13 1 8		39 2		40 4 2 1 2 4			
										
										
	4 13 4 2 6				7 7 10 3 10				1 2 6 4 2	
ORDER III.—Diseases of Ear. 68. Earache............................................										
										
										
							3			
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										
										
										
					1 1				2	1
	1 2									
										
					1 1 1 5 127 7					
			2 3 2 95 5						1 8 7 145 1	
	13 1 96 4	1					3 4 109 2			
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
										
										
										
			2 3 7 7 4 8 15 150 17							
	1 5 8 3 4 11 139 11	-■'■■■■■		1	2 8 3 5 2 26 123 12		2 4 6 2 3 16 124 1		11 5 18 3 2 12 137 1	1
										
										
										
92. Other Diseases of this Order.....................										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic.........................................										
										
95. Cholera Morbus...............................										
										
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease....................					1 33			1		1 .
	19		14				17		'*"_. |........	
										
100. Diseases of Spleen.......							1 3 9 1		1 1 8 4	9
101. Fistula in Ano.......			3 4		4 10					
102. Hernia........	7 1									
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach										
Carried forward___		..........								
	1,596	5	2,096	4	1,726	4	1,550	6	1,627	
-----------										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1863.
293
TABLE XLVL—PACIFIC REGION—Continued.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
9,842.			10,195.		9,843.		9,447.		8,723.		10,001.		6,800.		9,375.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 8fi 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	894	2	1,242 1 4 12 3 1	3	967	4	903	1	898 1 4 13 3	3	923	2 1	710 1 3 28	2	12,761 7 33 210 15 4 3 5 3 297 20 1 30 7 4 488 32 5 34 52 58 25 41 4 1 4	38 2 1 2 2 1 1
	5 9						2 20 2 1	1			5 11 1					
					17 1 2	1										
																
																
			1		1 1 23 2		1				1					
																
	17 3		24 2				15 1		17		26 1		25 4 1 2	2		
																
	3		1		1	1			1		3					
							2									
									1 39 4		2 59 1 1 6 3 2 3 2					
	45 1		40 4		38 4		36 2						32 1 1			
	3 2 8 1 2		4 1 5				3 7		3 2 1 4 2 1							
					4 1 3 1 1								3 4 2 1			
							2 1									
			3 2 1	1												
																
							2		1				1			
																
																
	5 1		2		1	1	2		1		2 1	1			16 4 3 5 •10 39 28 997 53	3 2
																
									1							
	1 1 7 2 195 4		1								2					
					1		1 1		2				1			
		1	2 1 23 6								1 1 57 9					
					2 24				3 68 4							
							17 2						41 9			
																
									2 10 14 10 1 41 10 148	5 2	1 18 15 13 1 9 12 157 3		2 I 8 11 2 12 19 137	1	7 87 128 125 27 189 149 1,551 54	11 2 1 2
	20 13 11	1	6 8 12 2 15 7 93 3				13 8 9 2 45 4 139 2	1								
				1	33 17 2 46 11 89 3	1 2										
	2 6 115 1															
																
															1 226	1 1
	14	1	18		10		15		19		34		21			
											2				4 11 83 7	1
			........													
	12		13 1		5		4		5		2	1	4			
																
	1,403	5	1,564	5	1,311	10	1,264	3	1,334	10	1,390	5	1,087	5	17,948	71
 
294
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XLVL—PACIFIC REGION-Concluded.
	1802.									
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									9.85L	
	9 672.		9,022.		8,935.		10,172.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 9
	1,596	5	2,096	4	1,726	4	1,550	6	1,627	
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	23 11 1	1	21 22 2 1 1 5 1 35 7	1	27 16 8		20 19 2 1 3 8 16 21 2 1	1 1	19 B 2	1
										
										
										
	2 3 1 15 7 1 3				6 6 6 20 2 1 1	1			6 2 7 20 7	
										
										
										
										
Order Vn.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
			2						1	
										
										
										
					, 4		6 2		4	
										
										
	1 27	1	1 13 1		2 14				1 6	
							12			
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
			2							
										
										
										
	1 18 25 2 14 44 4 52 1									
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.			25 15 4 16 37 4 57 1		29 15 6 9 26 1 56	1	48 20 1 3 19 1 49 1		33 18 1 7 15 3 60 1	
132. Boils............................................										
										
134. Whitlow...........................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 136. Burns..............................................										
										
										
										
	15 2 4		22 3 5		18 6 7		23 2 5		26 1 10	
										
										
										
	14 12 38 4 5 4	3 1	17 16 37 4 13 3	1 3	18 24 28 3 7 2	1	25 21 20 5 4 4		27 15 25 4 5 8	4
										
										
147. Punctured Wounds.............................										
148. Poisoning.................										
149. Other Accidents and Injuries.........										
										
										
										
Total..........										14
	1,950	11	2,489	9	2,094	7	1,914	8	1,969	
										__J
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE  30, 1863.
295
TABLE XLVL—PACIFIC REGION-Concluded.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
9,842.			10,195.		9, 843.		9, 447.		8,723.		10, 001.		6,800.		9, 375.	
104 105 106 107 108 109 110 HI 112 U3	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,403	5	1,564	5	1,311	10	1,264	3	1,334	10	1,390	5	1,087	5	17, 948	71
	23 6 2 1 7 8 9 26 7	1 2	34 4 3 1 8 2 13 19 8		30 3		28 5		31 8 3		33 5 2 1 7 5 2 12 4	1 1	23 1 2	1	312 108 27 5 47 55 78 252 70	4 3 3 1 1
																
					2 4 6 14 4		3 2 6 33 6		1 4 G 18 7				1 6 5 19 9			
114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123	2		1 1						1						7 10 2 2 2 23 15 2 8 100	1 1
					I								1 1			
											1 2					
																
									2 2 1							
	2 2 1										4 1 1 1 2		1 1	1		
			3		2		3									
					1 6		1 5									
	8		3						1				3			
124 125 126 127 128 129 130			1				1		2		1		1 1 3		7 1 7 1 1 9	
																
									1 1		1					
																
							1									
	1		1						1 4							
					1						2		1			
131 132 133 134 135	26 11		43 25 2 2 11		34 6		41 18 9 5 7		26 3 1 4 16		23 12 3 9 17		28 17		374 185 29 79 229	
	2 15				3 8								5 14			
136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149	6 79		5 76 1		11 56		4 78 1				5 84 2 35 1 6	2	4 42 5 24 4 3	1	48 772 13	2 4
								1	83							
										1						
	38 9 8		35 3 14		24 1 8		31		25 3 2						316 35 75	
							3									
	13 18 26 6 1 11	1	55 20 35 4 1 84	2	15 11 31 4 2 9	8	14 21 32 5 5 7	2	13 8 27 3 2 6	2 1	15 11 19 6 2 4	4 1	9 12 9 4 6 8	1 1	235 189 327 52 53 150	29 1 1 5
150 151 152												1 1				1 1
																
																
																
	1,777	9	2,082	7	1,608	18	1,639	6	1,650	14	1,731	16	1,360	10	22,263	129
 
296
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
                  TABLE  XLVII.

Abstract  of  the  Sickness  and  Mortality
Year....................................................
Month..................................................
Mean Strength, (not including Tables XXXII and XLII)
LIST OF DISEASES.
   CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
       Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever.............................
Typhus Fever..............................
Typho-Malarial Fever......................
Yellow Fever..............................
Remittent Fever...........................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever...............
Tertian Intermittent Fever.................
Quartan Intermittent Fever.................
Congestive Intermittent Fever..............
Acuto Diarrhoea............................
Chronic Diarrhoea..........................
Acute Dysentery...........................
Chronic Dysentery.........................
Erysipelas.................................
Small-pox and Varioloid....................
Measles...............................----
Scarlet Fever..............................
Diphtheria.................................
Mumps.....................................
Epidemio Catarrh..........................
Other Diseases of this Order................
        Order II.—Enthetio Diseases.
Syphilis...................................
Gonorrhoea.................................
Orchitis....................................
Stricturo of the Urethra.....................
Purulent Ophthalmia.......................
Serpent Bite...............................
Other Diseases of this Order................
        Order III.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy................................
Purpura..............................
Delirium Tremens.....................
Inebriation............................
Chronio Alcoholism....................
Other Diseases of this Order...........
 CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL  DISEASES.
           Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout............................................
36. Acute Rheumatism...............................
37. Chronic Rheumatism.............................
38. Anaemia.........................................
39. General Dropsy...................................
40. Cancer............................................
41. Tumors..........................................,
42. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
          Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption......................................
44. Scrofula..........................................
45. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
1802.
420,671.
Cases.  Deaths
 2,695
   114
 2,283
    o
 8,376
 5,213
 4,469
   703
   301
34,119
700
586
695
317
 32
191
  1
  450
  339
6,057

  717
1,126
  264
   56
    7
   12

1,674
   14
3,102
2,489
  226
  294
    3
   74
  290

  370
  122
    CLASS  III.-PARASITIC  DISEASES.
46. Itch....................
47. Tape-worm..................
48. Other Intestinal Worms......
49. Other Diseases of this Order.
70
Carried forward.........................  gg gg_
890
 31
 29
  2
102
 13
  5
 R2
 75
270
 62
 45
 13
 10
  2
1,865
August.
345,010.
Cases.  Deaths.
 1,710
   137
 1,477
   153
 5,818
 5,085
 4,295
   393
   175
19,402
 3,619
 2,874
   481
   228
    17
    99
    2
  124
   78
4,197

  652
1,017
  198
   40
    8
    4

1,122
   27
1,418
1,470
  197
  218
   37
   33
  105

  246
   80
52
57,417
631
 35
 31
 30
 81
 21
 14
  2
 62
 80
315
 77
 66
  7
  7
  2
1,686
September.
451,126.
Cases.  Deaths
 1,377
    26
 1,451
   147
 7,135
 9,208
 7,189
 1,010
   339
32,085
 4,549
 5,461
   650
   272
    20
   206
    4
  178
  314
4,239

  963
1,956
  212
   37
   12
2,406
2,469
  329
  217
    4
   30
  187

  301
   78
68
85, 722
579
 22
 68
 40
 99
  6
 13
  2
 89
110
375
151
no
 10
 12
  4
 14
  2
  4
133
1,995
October.
599,182.
Cases.  Deaths.
 3,368
   82
 1,982
   70
 9,763
14, 532
11,468
 1,196
   571
41,069
 6,127
 8,754
 1,176
   329
   27
 1,859
    4
   125
   749
 4,018
 3,481

 1,348
 2,630
   330
   66
   39
    1
   52

   265
    6
   91
   116
    7
   25
4,124
4,156
  778
  266
   13
   59
  194

  468
  128
   14


  149
   11
  109
    3
120,209
862
 28
 79
 19
130
 11
 13
  4
123
115
596
154
202
 15
  6
 50
 29
  5
  2
142
  3
 13
  7
  1
  1
  7

153
  2
  3
November,
630,692.
Cases. Death*
 3,633
   52
 1,867
   10
 7,286
10,682
 9,028
  939
  321
31,263
 5,474
 5,816
  95fi
  468
   51
 3,230
   26
  217
 1,803
 7,788
 2,413

 1,418
 2,446
  389
   83
   50
  11
4,592
4,682
  838
  236
  18
  39
  160

  558
  129
  14


  244
  17
  77
2,802  110,149 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
297
     TABLE XLYII.



of the  United States Army.
1862.									18(	33.						
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
'725,171. j			743,013.		737,769.		744, 780.		711,	257.	675,719.		587, 510.		614, 325.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. ■	Deaths.	Cas-cs.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	3,853	1,225	3,665	1,122	3,460	1,150	3,377	1,063	2,253	813	1,610	487	1,165	480	32,166	10, 483
9,	75	35	99	26	101	56	129	56	48	21	65	25	24	7	952	378
3	2,081	108	2,564	128	2,501	161	2,236	165	1,819	128	1,566	108	1,519	86	23, 346	1,175
4 5															382 86, 240	100 1,164
	6,584	112	7,058	76	6,539	98	6,817	100	6,387	81	7,102	69	7,375	84		
fi	8,485	8	7,608	9	6,441	11	7,350	13	7,215	12	7,705	4	10,620	7	100,144	140
7	7,156	20	5,758	6	5,603	15	6,102	4	6,094	4	6,948	4	8,350	6	82,460	116
8	825	15	994		817	6	726	3	726	1	631	3	912		9,872	38
9	280	91	416	103	347	88	315	79	377	64	255	50	262	77	3,959	1,022
10	31,740	70	37,981	87	30, 668	107	31,815	107	27,456	45	32, 342	38	31,939	41	381,879	941
11	6,253	785	8,156	725	6,270	816	5,988	896	4,818	761	4,207	654	4,370	659	64,531	7,556
12	5,232	58	5,258	62	4,952	62	4,719	49	4,272	36	7,084	56	7,482	95	66, 490	967
13	853	94	1,135	90	797	76	694	103	437	37	427	51	678	70	8,979	1,090
14	735	103	880	157	765	164	799	106	814	100	592	64	529	37	6,728	812
15	261	72	518	133	476	182	557	209	537	155	265	112	126	36	2,893	950
16	3,449	412	3,133	317	2,186	175	1,606	122	953	36	492	19	156	5	17,560	1,314
17	38	3	35	2	21	6	39	1	20	3	11	1	6		207	18
18	388	40	435	42	375	34	364	31	246	25	194	21	125	16	2,469	288
19	2,703	6	2,309	2	1,949	6	1,544	4	1,247		800	1	279	1	14,135	29
20	10,421	1	9,001	1	7,862	4	8,076	4	5,241		2,334	I	1,094		56, 566	20
21	2,678	69	1,646	25	1,654	86	1,351	75	1,254	33	946	22	528	4	30, 444	865
22	1,640	2	1,584	6	1,382		1,352	3	1,123	1	1,080		1,019	3	14,278	27
S3	2,471		2,058	4	1,672		1,939		1,789		1,673	2	1,642		22,419	6
24	385		385	1	320	1	285		285	1	233		176		3,462	3
25	89		83	1	91	1	85		59		46	1	48		783	3
?,fi	77		140		126		154		150		174		194		1,104	
27 28					2 48						3 25		4 26		29 433	7
	36		70			2	72	1	43							
29	293	5	277	6	569	5	660	6	900	11	G01	5	653	11	7,729	88
30	19	4	28	4	25	8	68	5	91	7	41	3	14	2	301	34
31	59	10	64	13	78	9	69	9	83	12	62	8	58	6	815	110
32	184	2	121	2	112	3	113	3	122	1	118	3	114	3	1,289	22
33	28	2	24		17	2	33	1	29	1	38		24	2	226	8
34	75	4	59	4	62	4	19		63		73		56		569	20
35	12		18		8		17		16		8		7		158	
36	5,878	12	6,437	7	5,329	16	4,917	8	3,719	8	2,983	6	1,998	1	46, 903	87
37	5,792	9	6,743	12	5,500	9	5,142	3	3,546	8	2,500	2	1,715	2	46,404	67
38	1,037	18	1,203	26	1,048	18	1,252	21	900	11	941	17	788	20	9,537	180
39	239	8	186	11	185		234	4	142	6	77	1	89	2	2,383	56
40	6	1	15	2	15	1	19		15	2	5		3		153	9
41	60	1	58		49		71		73		38		45		629	3
42	203	7	266	12	193	24	178	11	114	3	45	7	51		1,986	100
43	612	232	i 667	245	648	245	769	269	508	182	347	142	268	98	5,762	2,014
44	189	1	243	4	2G5	2	338	3	253	3	182	I	128	4	2,135	29
45	19	3	17		33	4	54	1	18	2	11		5		185	16
46	673		958		1,037		1,080		773		702		647		6,263	
47	12		16		19		29		13		11		14		142	
48	• 8(J		96	1	91		93		71		61		45		913	1
49	20		17		3		14		17		5		5		84	
	114,278	3,648	120,482	3,474	102,711	3,657	103, 660	3,538	87,129	2,614	87, 659	1,988	87,375	1,865	1,169,476	32,356
38 
298
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XL VIL—UNITED  STATES ARMY—Continued.
Year...................................................
Month..................................................
Mean Strength, (not including Tables XXXII and XLII)
LIST OF DISEASES
  50.
  51.
  52.
  53.
  54.
  55.
  56.
  57.
  58.
  59.
  60.
  61.

  62.
  63.
  64.
  65.
  66.
  67.

  68.
  69.
  70.
  71.
  72.

  73.
  74.
  75.
  76.
  77.
  78.
  79.
  80.
  81.
  82.

  83.
 84.
 85.
 86.
 87.
 88.
 89.
 90.
 91.
 92.

 93.
 94.
 95.
 96.
 97.
 98.
 99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
            Brought forward................

     CLASS IV.—LOCAL  DISEASES.

     Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
 Apoplexy...................................
 Epilepsy....................................
 Headache...................................
 Insanity....................................
 Inflammation of Brain.......................
 Inflammation of Membranes of Brain.
 Inflammation of Spinal Chord.
 Nostalgia....................
 Neuralgia...................
 Paralysis....................
 Sun-stroke...................
 Other Diseases of this Order.
         Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
 Amaurosis............................
 Cataract..............................
 Inflammation of Conjunctiva.
 Inflammation of Iris.........
 Night Blindness.............
 Other Diseases of this Order.
         Order III.—Diseases of Ear.
 Earache..............................,
 Inflammation of Internal Ear.
 Deafness.....................
 Otorrhoea....................
 Other Diseases of this Order.
 Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
 Aneurism.....................................
 Valvular Disease of Heart......................
 Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
 Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
 Inflammation of Pericardium...................
 Inflammation of Endocardium..................
 Inflammation of Veins..........................
 Varicose Veins.................................
 Varicocele......................................
 Other Diseases of this Order....................
  Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
 Asthma.......................................
 Acute Bronchitis..............................
 Chronic Bronchitis..............................
 Dropsy of Chest................................
 Haemorrhage from Nose.........................
Inflammation of  Larynx.........................
Inflammation of  Lungs......................
Inflammation of  Pleura........................
Haemorrhage from Lungs........................
Other Diseases of this Order.....................
  Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Colic...................
Constipation.................
Cholera Morbus..............
Cirrhosis of Liver............
Dropsy from Hepatic Disease .
Dyspepsia...................
Diseases of Pancreas.........
Diseases of Spleen...........
Fu.tulain Ano.................
Hernia..................
Haemorrhage from Stomach...
Parried forward .
13
  25
  30
   6
 172
 318
 153

 176
,697
 290
   5
  62
 118
 483
 500
  91
 148

,459
,351
,302
  84
,095
 88
 50
773
 30
107, 731
22
2,123
   26
   13
   12
   76
  207
   77

  122
2,493
  183
   10
   49
   64
  291
  278
   73
   98

1,644
2,221
1,054
 47
665
 47
 42
533
 16
71,346
   30
   15
    5
  140
  206
   95

  177
3,230
  246
    9
   50
  101
  424
  408
  115
  282

2,304
2,511
1,313
 35
801
 80
 65
701
 32
1, 907  103, (
22
    9
   47
    7
    2
   38
   20
    7
  306
  402
  134

  270
3,010
  460
    9
  108
  308
1,221
  706
  181
  927

2,914
3,666
1,114
    2
   78
1,071
  139
   72
1,150
   32
2,213  151,223
  1
  3
  1
  3

  9
124
 10
  5
 17
  4
 87
  9
  5
 29
 23
  3
346
391
  358
6,080
  737
  49
  98
  527
2,256
1,002
  200
1,678

2,150
3,749
  686
   7
  140
1,245
   3
  160
   83
1.04G
   34
3,147  140,837 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1863.
299
TABLE XL VIL—UNITED STATES ARMY—Continued.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
725,171.			743,013.		737, 769.		744,	780.	711,257.		675,719.		587,510.		614, 325.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	114,278	3,648	120, 482	3,474	102,711	3,657	103, 660	3,538	87,138	2,614	87, 659	1,988	87, 375	1,865	1,169,476	32, 356
50	48	23	48	23	41	33	51	30	31	19	30	15	30	17	409	266
51	277	11	309	10	297	17	293	11	228	10	214	2	140	o	2,652	106
52	2,030		2,227		2,179		2,421		2,277		2,049		2,037		20,858	
53	• 73	3	92	1	71	2	111	2	55	3	69		47	1	852	21
54	44	36	58	65	56	57	69	62	52	47	32	42	20	25	455	436
55	32	21	36	26	48	41	36	25	14	27	17	12	11	12	306	210
56	135	3	156	8	120	13	134	6	77	3	38		37		1,009	39
57	237	2	282	4	315	3	226	1	163		132		102		2,057	12
58	2,109	1	2,251	1	2,006	2	2,074	1	1,796		1,536		1,198	2	18, 941	8
59	122	8	142	11	121	14	131	10	88	6	68	4	59	7	1,190	97
60 61					3 239	9	2 293	13	33 158	1 7	185 112	3 4	393 210	8 4	1,221 2,695	48 134
	234	17	344	18												
62	49		73		58		67		48		45		25		523	
63	20		44		18		38		73		15		12		311	
64	2,135		2,039		1,945		2,188		2,126		2,184		1,905		21,198	
65	86		60		86		80		61		42		35		630	
66	60		68		60		92		151		197		204		1,159	
67	109		139		139		119		99		85		73		1,283	
68	630		674		697		672		569		384		385		5,624	
69	199		174		171		118		119		75		64		1,627	
70	90		120		114		98		77		45		32		783	
71	304		321		305		304	1	217	1	128		108		2,471	2
72	19		25		20		19		9		5		6		219	
73	7	2	7	2	8	1	14	6	12	3	9	2	5	1	100	20
74	129	27	170	21	209	20	211	23	178	29	115	12	81	10	1,227	185
75	23	7	39	6	41	7	39	5	44	4	17	9	10	4	229	48
76	10	7	24	4	19	3	35	5	12	5	5	5	7	3	119	35
77	65	4	79	8	72	14	69	10	59	8	42	5	32	5	566	90
78	37	9	20	fi	26	3	20	2	25	5	20		15		264	47
79	16		15	1	14		21		16		8		9	1	133	6
80	348		451		365		356		313		304		236		3,413	1
81	381		397		341		306		257		216		182		3,604	
82	113	15	81	10	116	13	66	9	78-	6	54	4	38	9	1,093	159
83	411	2	534	4	366	11	447		329	3	179		154		3,523	29
84	8,244	34	7,892	38	7,550	35	8,221	31	5,680	18	2,873	14	1,822	4	60,792	204
85	1,072	27	1,524	21	1,391	34	1,639	31	1,158	26	531	10	420	18	9,651	189
86	22	4	13	3	14	3	30	4	19	3	8	2	9		197	31
87	187		101		73		90	1	78	1	89		47		1,032	3
88	621	10	842	12	932	15	1,115	19	696	9	494	5	267	1	6,085	102
89	3,086	692	3,000	782	3,313	790	3,131	754	2,156	577	1,130	241	590	128	21,081	4,769
90	1,254	18	1,504	20	1,285	42	1,391	19	1,036	11	736	13	522	9	10,624	166
91	197	9	272	6	188	7	294	11	207	6	157	10	91	2	2,066	63
92	3,183	35	2,925	9	2,600	13	2,636	24	2,087	12	917	6	375	7	17,856	225
93	2,413	2	2,303		1,945	1	1,756	2	1,659	2	1,762	1	1,802	2	25, 111	17
94	4,209		4,095	1	3,650	2	4,165	1	3,585	1	3,541	1	3,132	1	41,875	7
95	526	4	477	1	288	1	338	2	333	5	701	7	838	8	8,989	96
96	5		28	1	12		7		10		28	2	10		109	4
97	147	5	164	8	186	7	226	8	162	5	93	6	105	2	1,467	69
98	1,243	2	1,421	1	1,408	5	1,461		1,169		1,187		879		13,626	11
99 100	10 94	1	6 92		1 87	7	19 44				2 41				41 956	12
									55	3			29			
101	100		84		89		93	1	79	3	76		64		897	4
102	1,175	2	1,214	1	1,021	2	964	1	686		522	1	414		10,209	16
103	28		49	1	45	5	57	1	22		8		17		370	9
	152,676	4,691	159,987	4,608	139,475	4,889	142,557	4,670	117,852	3,483	111, 221	2,426	106,710	2,158	1,505,253	40,352
 
;>oo
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XLVIL—ARMY OF THE  UNITED  STATES-Concluded.
Year .
Month
Mean Strength, (not including Tables XXXIIand XLII)
LIST OF DISEASES.
               Brought forward
  Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued

104. Haemorrhage from Bowels
105. Inflammation of Tonsils
106. Inflammation of Stomach
107. Inflammation of Bowels
108. Inflammation of Peritonaaum
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver,
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver
111. Jaundice......................
112. Piles.........................
113. Other Diseases of this Order
 ORDER VIL—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.

114. Stone and Gravel
115. Diabetes........
116. Bright's Disease
117. Diseases of Prostate
118. Diseases of Testis
119. Inflammation of Kidneys
120. Inflammation of Bladder
121. Incontinence of Urine
122. Hydrocele
123. Other Diseases of this Order
124. Anchylosis
125. Caries
126. Inflammation of Joints
127. Inflammation of Bones
128. Inflammation of Periosteum
129. Necrosis
130. Other Diseases of this Order
131. Abscess
132. Boils
133. Carbuncle
134. Whitlow
135. Skin Diseases

  CLASS  V.  WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
                   INJURIES.

      Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
137. Contusions
138. Concussion of Brain
139. Drowning
140. Sprains
141. Dislocation
142. Simple Fractures
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds.
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
147. Punctured Wounds,
148. Poisoning...................
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
150. Order II.—Homicide
151. Order in.—Suicide
152. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence

               Total................. 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1863.
301
TABLE XLVIL—ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES—Concluded.
1862.			1863.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
	725,171.		743,013.		737,769.		744,780.		711,257.		675,719.		587,510.		,614,325.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	152,676	4,691	159,987	4,608	139,475	4,889	142,557	4,670	117,852	3,483	Ill, 221	2,426	106,710	2,158	1,505,253	40,352
104	80	8	115	3	106	4	100	6	104	4	60		71	13	745	44
105	2,529	7	2,702	2	2,390	6	2,467	3	1,919		1,156	2	736	2	18,183	40
106	405	14	380	21	360	14	313	28	327	19	248	18	258	14	3,901	171
107	177	28	275	31	217	30	253	30	211	17	275	21	175	22	2,233	280
108	81	18	62	15	34	11	41	15	38	14	25	9	36	12	459	159
109	461	9	414	4	338	10	363	6	• 311	8	269	8	199	5	4,141	82
110	421	8	362	7	352	8	352	12	303		260	6	194	2	3,702	65
111	4,832	25	3,798	12	2,612	14	2,414	9	1,679	6	1,185	6	904	10	32,154	119
112	2,143	1	2,359		2,188		2,031	1	1,784	1	1,546	1	1,446	4	20, 444	19
113	374	25	671	7	503	7	602	8	406	6	435	6	264	16	6,572	138
114	99		158	1	123	2	132		92		64	1	63	1	877	6
lib	33	0	50	1	49	4	69	4	39	2	16	1	22		445	18
116	60	5	73	5	79	8	89	1	73	2	48	4	28	2	505	37
117	13		36		11	1	18		7		11		3		128	1
118	136	1	147		139		109	2	95		65		37		892	3
119	389	7	467	7	460	8	405	7	355	7	242	1	224	2	3,715	55
12U	133	2	148	1	133	2	138	1	107	1	54		47	1	1,184	16
121	177		185		180		168		144		75		74		1,289	1
122	52		73		61	1	64		40		17		26		531	1
123	189	2	172	2	129	1	80	2	63	3	76		40	2	2,098	19
124	36		47		43		54		38		24		14		354	
125	27		54	1	33		48		23		17	1	7		237	2
12b	160		171	2	157	1	169	1	169		118		108		1,244	4
127	8		16		22		12		9	1	10		3		92	1
128	40		60		74	3	63		73		38		41		443	3
129	50		61		53		47	2	47		31		17		488	4
1JU	24		32		32		18		42		25		5		278	3
131	1,503	.6	1,242	4	1,001	5	1,133	10	1,059	5	1,088	7	1,030	3	14,737	63
132	1,574		1,597		1,466		1,557		1,412		1,713		1,684		15,237	
133	188		165		157	1	182	1	136		132		111		2,226	3
134	381		406		348		403		354		291		265		3,442	
	695		719	1	647		639		473	1	441		461		8,193	6
	*.	./	»			*	•\	.			7	■' **	> *		i ,!f e '	J""'
136	314	3	392	4	273		328	3	277	1	224	3	192	G	2,714	24
137	1,138	5	1,189	3	902	2	1,098	1	1,081	2	1,219	3	982	6	11,133	35
138	38	6	37	8	11	2	26	10	16	4	29	2	26	8	295	62
139		5		10		17		24		11				19		124
140	1,093		1,189		1,030		1,243		1,347		1,292		860		10,183	
141	113		98		91	1	81		83	1	74	1	48		925	3
142	207	2	190		111	1	140	4	142	3	169	2	107	4	1,691	35
143	52	9	28	33	9	8	19	7	22	6	74	9	53	8	277	135
144	13,496	1,292	3,647	1,000	635	314	790	172	1,381	220	13,301	1,049	3,228	871	57,395	8,773
145	581	2	713	5	526	2	621	1	521	4	437	3	375	1	5,652	73
146	715	49	347	16	282	4	232	1	205	5	201	7	183	3	4,573	269
147	143	3	122	1	92		112	2	114		234	7	111	5	1,643	110
148	63	5	57	4	61	4	76		45		107	5	108	1	884	24
149	575	38	407	37	370	17	321	28	260	17	210	15	201	40	3,858	357
150		4		2		2				1		g		2		26
151		10		6		6		11		13		14		5		92
152		2				1		1		3		1		4		13
																
1	88,674	6 294	185,620	5,864 1	L58,365	5,411	L62,177	5,087	135,278	3,871	L38,847	3,670	L21,777	3,252	1,757,645	51,870
 
 
SICKNESS. ETC., DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1864.           303
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS DURING THE THIRD
                             FISCAL YEAR.
                  (From  July 1,  1863,  to June 30? 1864.)
ATLANTIC EEGION.
Table XLVIII.	
Table	XLIX.
Table	L.
Table	LI.
Table	LII.
Table	' LIII.
Table	LIV.
Table	LV.
Table	LVI.
    The reports received from troops in this region are consolidated into statistical tables
for seven armies or departments, as follows:

    1. The Department of the East  -    -    -    -    -
    2. The Middle Department -.....
    3. The Department of Washington    -
    4. The Army of the Potomac   -----
    5. The Department of Virginia  -    -    -    -    -
    6. The Department of North Carolina -
    7. The Department of the South -----
        To these tables are added—
    8. A table showing the mortality in the general hospitals of
        the Atlantic Region   ------
    9. A consolidated table for the Atlantic Region

              1. The Department of the East—Table XLVIII.

    In this table are included the  reports received from troops within the boundaries
indicated in the remarks on Table XXV, viz:  The New England States and the Middle
States, excepting the  State of Delaware.
    Officially the Department of the East  continued throughout the year, to consist of
the New England States, the State of New York, and the State of New Jersey.  General
J. A. Dix  was assigned  to command July 15, 1863.   The State of Pennsylvania, which is
also here  included, was divided between the Department of the Susquehanna and  the
Department of the Monongahela, as has already been shown.   By General Orders No. 152,
April  6, 1864,  the Department of  the Monongahela was merged  into the  Department
of the  Susquehanna.  It has not been considered necessary to represent these  departments
by separate tables. 
304
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE  TROOPS
                   2.  The Middle Department—Table XLIX.

     As during the previous year this table  includes the reports received from troops in
the State of Delaware, the Eastern Shore of Virginia, and  those portions of the State of
Maryland east of Hancock, which are not embraced in the Department of Washington.
     These boundaries are essentially those fixed by General Orders No. 186, June 24,
1863.  (See remarks on Table XXVI.)
     By General Orders  No. 226, July 23, 1863, the  county of St. Mary's, Maryland,
was detached  from the Middle Department to form a separate military district. December
21, 1863, the District of  St. Mary's and the Eastern Shore of Virginia were annexed to
the Department  of  Virginia and  North Carolina, and  March 12, 1864, Fort Delaware,
Delaware, was detached.   These changes have, however, been disregarded in constructing
the tables.  General II. H. Lockwood  assumed command of the department December 5,
1863, and March 12, 1864, General Lew Wallace was assigned to command.

                 3. The Department of Washington—Table  L.

     Here are embraced the reports from the garrison of Washington and the troops in its
immediate vicinity.  The boundaries of the  department continue to  be those fixed
February 2, 1863.   (See remarks on Table XXVIL)   General C. C. Augur was assigned
to command October 14, 1863.   By General Orders  No. 214, June 21, 1864, the Depart-
ment was extended to embrace that portion of Maryland between the Patuxent, Chesapeake
bay, and the Potomac river, including  the  Prisoners' Camp at Point Lookout.   This
change has been disregarded in the construction of the table.

                    4.  The Army of  the Potomac—Table LI.

     Subsequently to the  battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 2, and 3,  1863, the Army of the
Potomac, under General Meade, crossed into Virginia and moved towards the Rappahannock;
fell back subsequently to the line of the Bull Run—the Second Corps being involved in
the action of Bristoe Station on the way—after which, again advancing, the passage of the
Rappahannock was  forced November 7th, and  the Mine Run movement made towards the
close of the month; no considerable operations occurred subsequently until the following
spring.
     March 10, 1864, Lieutenant  General Grant  made his headquarters with the Army
of the Potomac, which, on the  3d of May,  crossed the Rappahannock  and  made the
campaign by way  of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court-house,  and Cool Arbor, to
Petersburg.   The chief engagements were in  the Wilderness, May 5th, 6th, and  7th; at
Spottsylvania Court-house, May  9th, 10th, 12th, and 14th;  at Bethesda church, May 30th,
and at Cool  Arbor, June 1st and 2d.   June 14th and  15th the Army crossed the James 
DURING  THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
305
river, and on the 16th, 17th, and 18th, assaulted  the works of Petersburg.   The close of
the year found the army still besieging that place.
     The Eleventh and Twelfth Corps "were detached  from the Army  of the  Potomac
September 24,  1863, and ordered to the Department of the Cumberland.  The reports of
these corps  for September are consolidated with the Army of the Potomac, for October
with the Department of the Cumberland.   The Ninth Corps was brought from the Depart-
ment of the Ohio and effected a junction with the Army of the Potomac in April, 1864.
It remained a  separate  command until May 24, 1864, when it was consolidated with the
Army of the Potomac.   In  these tables the reports from the Ninth Corps for March are
consolidated with the Department of the Ohio;  those for April, May, and June, with the
Army of the Potomac.

                 5. The  Department of  Virginia—Table LII.

     The boundaries of this  Department continue  the  same as during the previous year.
(See remarks on Table XXIX.)
     General Orders No. 217, July  15, 1863, consolidated the Departments  of Virginia
and North  Carolina, assigning General J. G.  Foster to  command.   October 28, 1863, he
was succeeded by General B. F. Butler.  In these  tables, however, the reports from troops
in North Carolina have been kept separate.
     May 5, 1864, the  Tenth and  Eighteenth  Corps  were moved from Gloucester  and
Yorktown on transports down the  York and up  the James  river to Bermuda  Hundred,
participated in the  battle of Cool  Arbor,  and  after  the  arrival of the Army of the
Potomac before Petersburg, in the operations against that place.

             6.  The Department of North Carolina—Table LIII.

     As during previous years this table embraces the reports from  troops  operating in
North Carolina.
                7.  The Department  of the South—Table LIV.

    As during previous years this  table includes the  troops operating  on  the coast of
South Carolina and  Georgia, and on the east coast of  Florida, including Fort Jefferson
and Key West.
    July 16, 1863, General  Q. A. Gillmore was assigned to command; May  5, 1864, he
was succeeded by General J.  G. Foster.
    Besides the operations  against Charleston, which were protracted  throughout  the
year, the most important movement  was  the Florida expedition in February,  1864, which
led to the battle of Olustee, February 20th.
           39 
306
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
          TABLE XLVIH.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1863.					-----1
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		K"VI'.MHK>!. 12,221.	
										
	14,107.		25,818.		18,387.		16,505.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Coses. 28 1	Death-3
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	48 1 55	3 1	87	9	53	14	44 1 19	5 I		
										
			14		16					
										
	60 99 25 12 1 775 92 86 16 19 1 3	1 1	241 166 221 16 1 1,387 122 95 16 17 1		121 292 318 18 3 638 98 75 3 6 1	1 3	109 129 221 2 2 312 122 36 19 3 2 1		37 73 90 1	
										
										
										
										
								5 1 2	136 09 22 4 6	0
										
										
										
										
15. Small-pox and Varioloid.............................										
										
17. Scarlet Fever.......................................										
	2 8 71 44 105 110 11 1 2 1		3 8 30 37 138 205 6				3 7 80 12 182 198 36 5 3		8 34 119 24 125 183 22 8 3	
					16 33 31 173 209 20 2 6					
										
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis..........................................										
										
21. Orchitis..........................................										
										
			5							
27. Serpent Bite....................................										
			4 3 7 21 14 10		1 1		5 1 3 29 13 9		10	
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.	18									
								1	2 20 10 0 5 1 65 60 8	2
	20 11 1	3		2 1	31 10 6					
										
										
34. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout....................................					1 84 56 11 3					
	51 70 13		78 45 24				75 74 9			
										
										
										
	1 3 1 11 4						1		1	
			1 2 13 9							
				1	2 24 5	4	13 26 5 4 27 1	2	3 15 1	1
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.										
45. Other Diseases of this Order..............										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch..............	15		10		21 1 1				32	
										
48. Other Intestinal Worms___										
49. Other Diseases of this Order.									'	
Carried forward.....										___
	1,867	9	3,057	13	2,390	22			1,248	8
							1,843			1 -J
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18C4.
307
      TABLE XLVIH.



of the Department of the East.
1863.			1864.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		ArRiL.		May.		June.		Total.	
14, 397.			19,070.		25,739.		28,018.		19,521.		11,035.		12,143.		18,080.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases, i Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	22	3	31	4	40	9	68	17	26	5	7		7	2	461	74
2 3 4 5							6 3	2							9 141	3 7
	3		2		1	1			6	2	8	1	14	2		
	46		46		59	o	65		67	2	32		31		914	5
fi	31		40		64		88		65		56		39		1,142	
7	38		62		46		71		102		106		97		1,397	
8	3		9		8		14		9		13		10		115	
9 10			1 310		1 325	1									9 5,037	1 1
	111						351	1	233		178		281	.......		
11	50	1	46	1	38	3	83	2	66		21		44		851	18
12	17		21		29		33		31		17		54		516	1
13	0						8		7		10		2		87	2
14	8		29	2	35		55		54	1	18		13		263	4
15	1		13		13	2	21	1	48	5	28	3	12	2	141	13
16			8		279	4	499	17	208	6	54	1	10	1	1,062	29
17	2		1		5		5		5		1		1		20	
18 19	4 19		58 64		28 172	1	15 152		12 155		4 48				137 736	1
													53			
20	105		220		270		283		276		64		38		1,589	
21	8		45	1	56		100	1	49	1	31	1	67		504	4
22	95		184		169		270		229	1	216		175		2,061	1
23	1S3		208		261		306		261		157		148		2,384	
24	21		29		31		38		49		18		26		307	
25	3		4		4		4		5		3		7		46	
26	12		8		5		11		2		2		4		63	
27 28 29															1 45 40	
	1		7 2				2 1		11 9				4 3	.......		
					1						1					
30 31									C 26						18 295	18
	12	2	25	2	38	3	35	2		2	18		20			
32	12		17	2	30		48		34		28		24		251	4
33	6		8	1	7		7		5		10		21		92	1
34	G						2								13	
35 36							9 187				1 63	....._.	64	____	12 1,223	1
	80	1	148		146				162							
37	86		89		88		81		136		92		91		968	
38	12		12		19		18		22		12		7		167	
39 40 41															3 8 21	
	1 2		1 3				1 4		1 1		1 2					
					4								1			
42 43	3 10						1 18								25 187	28
		2	20	3	9	4		4	13	1	17	4	11	2		
44	9		8		11		9		11		10		12	____„.	94	
45 46							1 71				1 29		49		6 460	
	26		56		85				39							
47 -3 49					1 5 3		1 35 1		1 1 3						5 43 12	
	1												3	----		
			1								1					
	1,001	9	1,836	16	2,391	30	3,081	47	2,446	26	1,378	10	1,443	9	23,981	216
 
308
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLVIII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST—Continued.
					IS	53.		-		
	.....									
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									*Novkmiii:i;.	
	14,107.		25,818.		18,387.		16,505.			
									12,221.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. | Deaths.		Cases.	Death*
	1,867	9	3,057 1 26 47	13 1	2,390 1 14 41 2	22 1	i		1,248	8
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.							1 24 13 2 1	1 1 2		
	13 80 1 1	1							11 16 1	
										
										
		1	3 2	2						
										
					2 4 29 5		2 5 28			
			4 58 6 35 2	1					1 19 3 1 5 2	1
	29 5 19 1									
										
							1 5 5			
					2					
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	21		20		32	........	18 6 1 2		18	
										
	1 1		3		3					
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.					12 2 2 14					
	3 2 8 2		7 3 3 19 1 3 1				3 2 7 4 1 8 1 I 1 1			
										
								2	6 12 1 3	
72. Other Diseases of this Order..........										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	5				15					
75. Dropsy from Heart Disease..........................										
76. Dropsy of Pericardium..............................									1 1 2	
	2 1		5							
										
79. Inflammation of Veins...........................					1 1 4					
	7 6 5 4 40 13		3 7 4 4 74 17 2 2 6 20 12 5 5 106 101 27				7 5 4 9 94 25	2	6 3 2 2 245 23	
										
82. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.				1 1 3	7 80 11 1 1 1 17 12 5 3 44 68 8					
81. Acute Bronchitis...........................										
85. Chronic Bronchitis.......................										
86. Dropsy of Chest......................										
87. Haemorrhage from Nose......................	2 12 17 10 3 6 77 71 33					2	o 5 40 14 1 53 27 76 7 1 1 45			
88. Inflammation of Larynx............									13 50 16 2 23 10 54	1 3
89. Inflammation of Lungs............										
90. Inflammation of Pleura............										
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs.................										
92. Other Diseases of this Order...................										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic.........................										
94. Constipation................										
95. Cholera Morbus.....................										
96. Cirrhosis of Liver.............										
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease...........	8 23		4 38		13 30					
98. Dyspepsia..............									30	
99. Diseases of Pancreas.......										
100. Diseases of Spleen___										
101. Fistula in Ano.....	1 27		3 18 1		1 24				3 21	
102. Hernia........							17			
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach										
Carried forward.....										___.
	2,427	11	3,765	22	2,902	25	2,419	25	1,854	13
										
--------------										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
309
TABLE XLVIII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST—Continued.
1863.									186 L		1					
December.			January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		April.		May. June. 1				Total.	
14,397.			19,070.		25, 739.		28, 018.		19, 521.		11, 035.		12,143.		18,080.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,001	9	1,836	16	2,391	30	3,081	47	2,446	26	1,378	10	1,443	9	23,981	216
50. 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61					1 19 86 5	1 1	1 26 94	1 1	2 15 56 2				2 17 61 1	1	9 199 633 19 7 15 8 45 470 33 65 42	6 4 1 8 9 2 1 1 4
	16 28 2 2 3 45 3	1 1 1	13 78 2 1 2 1 2 34 2	1 1							5 33 1					
							1 3 2 11 70 3	1 3								
					2	2			4	3						
											1 3 27 1	1				
					2 67 1				1 37 1 1 4				9 33 3 8 3			
	1		3	1	7	1	7	2			2					
62 63 64 65 66 67			3 1 63 2		2 1 40 3 3 2								1 3 40		13 10 459 17 16 35	
	2 24						1 72 3 1 2		1 64 1 1 6		1 47 2 1 6					
	1 2												1 4			
			10													
68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 83 90 91 92															12 67 35 176 69	
	7 1 6 15		14 3 18 12		10 1 34 4		7 6 33		9 13 22				5 2 11 1			
																
											14					
	1 4						1 12	1	1 10						6 103 4 2 21 7 2 100 55 25	10 1 3 1 4
		1	5	2	9 2					3	14	1 1	15			
																
	3 1		2		3	3	1		1 1 1 6 5 2	1	1		1 1			
																
	3 6		8		17 6 2	1	14 8 2	1			17 1		11 4 3			
			1													
	4 252 25 2 5 7 47 22 5 23		12 629 75	2	12 538 70	3	8 513 57	2 I	6 296 92	2	5 117 69		19 64 53	1	92 2,942 530 5 38 331 845 291 47 317	10 1 1 1 5 92 2 1 39
		1	3 179 163 57 2 27	2 13 1	3 22 169 46 2 43	2 19	10 40 151 41 5 • 52	20 2 1 38	7 39 110 34 5 49	24	2 7 31 14 5 27		1			
												5	30 13 7 6	2		
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	17 51 16		68 149 2		46 124 1		39 238 9		26 206 2-		34 77		49 104 24		543 1,319 129 1 33 539 2 4 21 245 7	
																
	2 35 2 3 1 10		1 42				2 67		1 52		1 58					
					77								42			
											1 2 9					
			3 27 1		3 14 1		1 36 2		2 23 1				1 19 1			
																
	1,706	14	3,556	39	3,891	63	4,733	121	3,664	59	2,014	18	2,116	13	35,047	423
 
310
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XLVIII.—DEPARTMENT  OF THE  EAST—Concluded.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
             Brought forward......................

Oedkr VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
104. Haemorrhage from Bowels.....
105. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
106. Inflammation of Stomach......
107. Inflammation of Bowels.......
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum...
.109. Acute Inflammation of Liver ..
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
111. Jaundice.....................
112. Piles.........................
113. Other Diseases of this Order ...
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
114. Stone and Gravel............
115. Diabetes....................
116. Bright's Disease.............
117. Diseases of Prostate.........
118. Diseases of Testis...........
119. Inflammation of Kidneys---
120. Inflammation of Bladder.....
121. Incontinence of Urine.......
122. Hydrocele..................
123. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1863.
July.
14,107.
Cases.  Deaths.
2,427
49
 1
 8
 2
 1
 3
16
29
 9
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries......................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess.......
132. Boils.........
133. Carbuncle___
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
  CLASS V._WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
                    INJURIES.

      ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns...........................................
137. Contusions.......................................
138. Concussion of Brain..............................
139. Drowning........................................
140. Sprains..........................................
141. Dislocation......................................
142. Simple Fractures........................  ........
143. Compound Fractures.............................
144. Gunshot Wounds.................................
145. Incised Wounds..................................
146. Lacerated Wounds...............................
147. Punctured Wounds...............................
148. Poisoning........................................
149. Other Accidents and Injuries......................
150. Order II.—Homicide...............
151. ORDER III.—Suicide..............

152. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence.

                Total...............
August.
25,818.
September.
18,387.
Cases.  Deaths.  Cases.  Deaths
3,765
44
45
 9
266
 15
 15
 11
3,115
 es
170
 18
 36
 15
2,902
37
 7
 2
 1
21
 2
25
41
20
16
4,492
25
October.
16,505.
Cases.  Deaths.
2,419
25
28
 30
  1
  3
  5
124
 13
  2
  1
  1
 22
3,478
 28
  6
  8
  1
135
 18
  9
2,957
1,854
29
2,295 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
311
TABLE XLVIII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST—Concluded.
1863.			1861.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
14,397.			19,070.		25,739.		28,018.		19,521.		11, 035.		12,143.		18, 080.	
1	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.	
	1,706	14	3,556	39	3,891	63	4,733	121	3,664	59	2,014	18	2,116	13	35,047	423
104 105	3 103		1				1		1						16 1,319	
			223		238		256		159		75		45			
106 107 108 103	3		3		9	1	1		1				0		41 26 9 49 26 182	1
	1 1		2				1		1		3	2	3			
				1	1				2	2				1		2 5
					1		6		1							
110 HI							1 15				4 12		2 7			
	9		6		14				5							
112	22		37		27		63		36		44		38		429	
113	1		74		53		42		68		10		20		338	
114 115 116			4 4 4		1 1 2		2		5 " 1		2		1		23 12 13 10 29 54	
	3 1															
											2					
117 118 119							8 6 3	1	2 1 4							1
	2 4				9 10								1 2			
			4								4					
120	3		1		1		3		3		4		1		24	
121	2		2		12		16		9		7		4		69	
122			1		3		2				1				17 44 8 7 43	
123			23		4		4		2		3					1
124 125 126	1		1		1 4 3		1		1 1 5				2 1 4			
																
	1		3				6				3					
127 128 129					1										4 7 20	
	2 1		1 2								2 1					
					4		5		1				1			
130	2		5				1		3						12	
131	64		24		25	1	46		32		40		18		531	1
132	46		64		78		82		56		33		53		752	
133	2				6		16		10		8 20		6 14		94 212	
134	13		29		29		29		10							
135	25		67		113		86		107		71		54		610	
136	12		11		12		4		8		6		5		101	
137	67		89		108		90		77		58		64		806	
138 139 140	1		4			1 3				1 1	2 75				10	2 11
												1	76	1		
	43		96		65		71		79						666	
141 142	1 7		4 5		2 7		4 11		10 9				2 4		38 122	
											5					
143 144			1 35	1	1 23	3	4 37								13 917	18
	44	1						2	27		34		122			
145	20		12		29	1	41	2	25		23		22		259	3
146	17		26		24		22		9		20		5		172	
147	10		2		7		6	1	8		2		5		64	1
148 149				1			1 4	1 1	2 5	1	2 1	1	6 4		15 136	3 C
	7		43		30	1										
150 151 152																
		2						1		1 2				1		5 2
																
	__															
	2,253	17	4,469	42	4,849	74	5,730	130	4,450	67	2,591	22	2,717 J 16		43,396	485
 
312                SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE XLIX.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
	1863.									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVE	
										HB1B.
	7,529.		6,560.		6,002.		6,509.		10,497.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death-
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	23 11 1		18	3	14	4	12 1 22	1 1	9	1
										
			2		30				29	1
										
	42 43 31		59 76 21 19	2	56 112 39	2	15 113 81 5	1	50 67 71 1 1 131 26 9 3 16 17 2	2 1
										
										
										
	8 184 16 27									
		5 1	326 51 42 2 9	2 2 1	230 23 26 6 5	2 1	98 28 16 7 17 10 3	2		
										
										
										
	7									
										
	3		3		3					
										
	11 7	1			2 3		2 4 28		3 6 97 9 79 77 12 1	
			6							
										
	4 39 49 7									
Order II.—Enthetio Diseases. 22. Syphilis............................................			36 53 5		37 48 3		56 59 5 2 2			
										
										
										
26. Purulent Ophthalmia................................										
27. Serpent Bite........................................										
28. Other Diseases of this Order.........................									3 1	
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.	29		7		12 1 3 1 4		4			
										
	3 4		4 1 3						3 B 1 3	
							3 1			
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	51 36 6		36 24 17		22 15 8 2		19 54 17		43 j. 14 !........	
										
										
										
										
									1	
			1 2				2 8 2			
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.	3 2				2				5	|
										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch....................	50		7		24		17		j	
										
						!				
										
Carried forward.......										____
	697	7	830	10	731	9	713	5	877	1 5
'										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 1864.
313
     TABLE XLIX.
of the Middle Department.
1863.			1864.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
11,191.			10,797.		10,005.		15,819.		7,726.		6,860.		7, 800.		8,941.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	11	4	15	1	7	2	19	3	1		5		16	1	150	20
2											1				14 150	
3 4 5	15		8	1	7		8		7		7		14			2
	72		50		• 61		85		47		40		60		637	4
6	56		60		36		90		89		20		50		812	1
7	38		37		25		75		40		70		76		604	
8 9 10	7 5 199	1	3 8 154	1	rr 174		1		2		1 1 142				56 25 2,451	1 3
																
							137		93				583			
11	16		13	1	13		21		14		11		19		251	12
12	18		11		8		4		13		52		187	4	413	7
13 14	1 23		1 21								1 25		3 12	1	24 205	1
					14		30		26							
15 16	39	4	34 ]1	5	12 65	1	28 94	1	24 25	2	5 ]1				169 278	16 3
												1	58			
17 18 19					2 5 17				1 2 55						3 45 261	2
	1 7		2 5			1					9 22		8 33			
							96									
20	101		122		139		110		42		40		30		709	
21	2		122		107		131		33		12	1	16		436	1
22	99		82		66		129		80		58		24		785	
23	135		77		36		140		65		55		27		821	
24	26		14		15		11		10		11		6		125	
25 26 27 28 29 30 31	3 1		1		3				1		1 3				13 13	
							6									
																
					1		1								5 56 3 43	o
	2 2 2		1													
																
			3	2	4		7		9		4		1			
32	3		12		7		16		6		4		2		67	
33 34	1		1	1	2						3		3		19 3	1
																
35 36													1 36		1 647	
	92		79		100		57		68		44					
37	57		44		44		49		48		10		33		453	
38	14		6		3		4		1		5		6		101	
39 40 41 42 43	2														5 1 5 8 49	5
					1 1 1 g											
							2		2 2 4							
	1 5		1 7	2												
												3	1			
44 45 46	5		2				5				3		2		29	
																
	47		47		23		44		27		10		19		346	
47 48 49	2														3 1	
													1			
																
																
	1,110	9	1,056	14	1,026	4	1,404	4	837	4	686	5	1,328	7	11,295	83
40 
314                 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLIX.—MIDDLE DEPARTMENT—Continued.
					1 srift					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		Nov,	
										UBCB.
	7,529.		6, 560.		6,002.		6,509.		io>	
										497.
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases,	DeaUu. 5
	697	7	830	10 1	731 1 2 14	9 1	713	5	877	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	7 32 1 7								7 18 1	
			36 1				7			
53. Insanity............................................										
										
										
										
	26 3 10 1	1	3 9	1	3 15					
							12		22	
										
60. Sun-stroke..........................................										
							1			
ORDER II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	18		17		15		18		8 1 1	
										
66. Night Blindness.....................................			2							
67. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.	19				9 1		1		6 2	
69. Inflammation of Internal Ear.........			4							
	6 3									
71. Otorrhcea.....................					1				2	
72. Other Diseases of this Order...............			5							
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.									1 3	
74. Valvular Diseaso of Heart........	1 5 6						1			
75. Dropsy from Heart Disease........										
76. Dropsy of Pericardium................							1 1			
77. Inflammation of Pericardium.......								1	1	
78. Inflammation of Endocardium.....	5		2							
79. Inflammation of Veins...........										
	8 6						6 2		4 5	
61. Varicocele..................					2 1 1 35 10					
82. Other Diseases of this Order..........										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.	2 19 1	........	1 37 7				2 31 16		12 126 17 1 2 4 17 13 1	2
84. Acute Bronchitis___...... 85. Chronic Bronchitis...........										
86. Dropsy of Chest............										
					1 3 5 1 2	2	1 2 7 5 1	1		
88. Inflammation of Larynx..........	1 4 5 3	2	2 2 13 3							
89. Inflammation of Lungs......										
										
91. Hemorrhage from Lungs.........										
92. Other Diseases of this Order......										
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic...........	27 108 39		11 61 5		13 19 14		10 55 1		10 57	
94. Constipation......										
95. Cholera Morbus___										
96. Cirrhosis of Liver......										
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease ...					1 9					
98. Dyspepsia...........	40		17				2		16	
99. Diseases of Pancreas____										
										
102. Hernia.	1 6		1 2						1 9	
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach.					2		2			
Carried forward..										
	1,118	10	1,071	12	911	12	898	7	1,245	7
■--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
315
TABLE XLIX.—MIDDLE DEPARTMENT—Continued.
1863.			1864.													
Decemb		ER.	January. 1 February.				March. | April.				May.		June.		Total.	
11,191			10, 797.		10,005.		15, 819.		7, 726.		6, 860.		7,800.		8,941.	
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 % 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	Cases. 1,110	Deaths. 9	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 1 Deaths.	
			1,056	14	1,026	4	1,404	4	837	4 1	686	5	1,328	7	11,295 1 47 312 14 11	83 3 3
	2 25 3		10 28 1		3 20 1		4 28 1 1	1	3 29 2		4 33 2 3	1	5 42 1	1		
																
	1		1 1 18 3												2 9 217 13 12 6 7	1 2 1
				1	1 11 2							*				
	28						24 1		20 1		14		18 1 2			
																
			1				2 2		1 2	1						
					1								2			
																
	17 2 1 2 3		27 1 2		15		28		21 1 2		22 1		23		229 6 10 4 38 29 17 57 22 2 13 7 8 3 7	2 1 1 1 1
							1						1 2			
																
																
			5 1 13 6		2 4 13 8		7 3 11 2		4 1 7 1		1 2 1		3			
																
	5												1			
	1															
			2 1		3 1	1 1					3	1				
																
	1	1														
			1													
												1				
																
	10 9		4 5		4 2				2				3		41 31 3 34 1,036 175 3 12 67 219 156 26 96 179 922 108	1 1 34 2 1 1
																
							2 2 124 36									
	5 162 13		2 137 19 1		3 172 26	1			2 103 27				2 45 1 1			
											45 2					
	1 13 13 14 1 4 9 88 1						7 12 49 30 3 42 11 84									
		4 1 1	11 29 15 4 12 10 109 4	4	14 45 24	6		10	4 28 19 4 10 17 61 5	2 1	1 12 9 1 3 15 56 6	1 o				
													8 8 3 20 29 107 31			
					5 17 117 2											
																
	2 18														3 193	
			18		18		8		9		17		21			
			1 1 7												1 9 66	
	1 10				1 6		1 2						2 11			
									5		4					
																
	1,575	16	1,567	' 19	1,567	13	1,932	15	1,228	9	945	11	1,721	8	15,778	139
 
316
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLIX.—MIDDLE DEPARTMENT—Concluded.
					1S(	53. MBER.				
										
-	July.		August.		Septe		October.		NOVEMBKR. 10,497.	
1										
	7,529.		6,560.		6,002.		6,509.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Casos. ]	Deaths. 7
	1,118 1 13 2 1	10	1,071	12	911	12	898	7	1,245 0 51	
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
		1	11 3 1 1 7	1	25 2		59 1	1		
										
									2	1
					1	1				
	1								1	
										
	31 42		12 9		8 18 7		9 15		16	
112 Piles ......................................										
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.	1						1 1 1			
										
										
										
	I									
			7				1 2 2 1		2	
										
									3 3 1 5	
122. Hydrocele..........................................										
			1							
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.	1				1 I					
			1			........	1			
									3	
										
	l						1 1			
									1	
										
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	19 33 2 3 1 8 16		17 35 1 2		20 31 1 6 1		16 17 4		39 26 4 6 10 9 13 1	
132. Boils.....................................,										
133. Carbunole...........................................										
134. Whitlow.............................................										
							11 1 17			
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.—Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.			4 5	/						
					7					
										
		1	5 2 2 1 9 4	1						
	10 1 2				7		11		27	
										
							2 1 1 10 1 2	1 1	7	
				1	1 o 6 3 1 2	1 2				
144. Gunshot Wounds.............................	280 1 2 1	43							10 6 4 4	.... (
14 j. Incised Wounds...........................										
146. Lacerated Wounds..............										
147. Punctured Wounds.............			2							
148. Poisoning...............										
149. Other Accidents and Injuries......			1							
150. Order II.—Homicide..						1				
										
										
										___
Total............	1,589	55	1,214	15	1,062	17			1,523	8
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
317
TABLE XLIX.—MIDDLE DEPARTMENT—Concluded.
	1803.		18(54.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
11,191.			10, 797.		10,	005. Deaths.	15,819.		7,726.		6, 860.		7, 800.		8, 941.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.	
104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152	1,575	16	1,567 2 86 3	19	1,567	13	1,932	15	1,228	9	945	11	1,721	8	15, 778 5 706 15 13 3 14 10 105 258 27 9 1 1 1 3 24 8 19 8 7 8 5 14	139 2 3 2 1
	102			1	113 1		113		75		42 1 1 1 2 1 5 12 2	1	16 2 8			
																
																
	1 3 9 30		2 1 4 29 2 1										1			
					3 2 14	1	1 5 30 1 1		1 3 18							
													1 19 15 3			
					o											
																
																
							I									
											2 2		1 3			
	3		1 4 3 1 . 2		1		3 1 4 2		1 1							
	3 1				4											
																
													3			
	1															
			1 4				1 2									
					3								2			
																
	1 1														2 5 2 205 413 23 58 153 47 254 3	7 1 52 2 5 2 2
					1 1 14 29 3 8 18 5 13								1			
									1 20 43 2 6 29 4 32							
	29 43		8 45 2 9 9 4 16 1				6 39 2 9 27 3 39				7 35 1 5 15 1 30 1		10 37 1 2 22 1 31			
	2 10 7 35															
				3						1				1		
	40 3 5 I 4 23 5 8		35 2 3		39		36 1 2		27 1 2		21 2 6		21 3		279 15 32 5 340 103 27 19 6 11	
					1 1 7 11											
																
		1	8 13 6	1		1	7 13	1	4 4 4		6 5 1 1 3 1	2	2 7 1			
																
			1									2	1			
	3	2 1	3	1			3									
																
										1		1				
																
																
	1,948	20	1,877	25	1,861	15	2,284	16	1,506	11	1,157	17	1,935	9	19,044	218
% 
318
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
             TABLE L.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1863.					
										
	July.		Auc	UST.	September.		October.			
									33,964.	
	27,657.		31,	788.	30,902.		28,998.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death*.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	138 2 115	22	187 2 245	20 1 7	181	29	87	20	02	10
					127	13	189	6	41	2
										
	153 166 193 15		473 718 477 17 5 1,914 116 399 30 14	2 1 1 2 1	586 724 659 15 11 1,541 140 325 52 7 5 2	2 1 2 5 1 1	251 508 650 127 17 829 63 183 28 3 4	1 6 3	183 489 947 57 5 1,113 111 209 26 35 4 4 3 21 10 298 24 241 244 28 9	2 2 3 3 1 1
										
										
										
										
	1,330 78 352 12 17 2 4	1 9 1								
11. Chronic Diarrhoea....................................										
										
										
										
										
										
	8 20 24 27 99 138 24 6 4 1		22 19 31 71 152 175 17 4 2	1	25 17 17 74 168 136 17 5	6 1	22 13 83 46 142 145 32 3 4	2 1		
										
20. Epidemic Catarrh___'...............................										
21. Other Diseases of this Order......................... Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis......................................										
										
24. Orchitis........................................										
25. Stricture of the Urethra.............................										
										
27. Serpent Bite...................................										
			6 8						4 1	
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.......................................	4 3 19 11 2 1				1		4			
										
		1	3 28 1	1	7 7 3	1	11 6	2	12 7	
										
										
34. Other Diseases of this Order.......................									1	
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	151 86 13 1 1		172 125 53 1		150 57 13 26		236 95 45 1	1	211 166 25	1
										
										
										
			4 2 17 7		2 9 14 8 2 6	1	1 8 16 7 5 31		5 15 10 3	1
42. Other Diseases of this Order...................	12 9 7 6 30									
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 43. Consumption............................										
44. Scrofula........................										
45. Other Diseases of this Order..............										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch........			7						49	
47. Tape-worm.......										
48. Other Intestinal Worms	1				4		1		10 2	25
49. Other Diseases of this Order										
										
Carried forward.....	3,285	34	5,524	37	5,143	63	3,896	42	4,685	
										
4 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1864.                  319
           TABLE L.



of the Department of Washington.
1863.			1864.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	33,923		32,163.		32,946.		36,292.		37, 400.		21,536.		19,027.		30,550.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	44	14	64	18	66	20	34	12	70	14	8	4	37	24	978	207
9	5	5	3		5	1		1					3		20	8
3 4 5	24		44		23		34	4	28	1	15	2	68	6	953	41
	148		134	1	171		198		185		94		329		2,905	7
6	411		206		212		341	1	426		320		348		4,869	1
7	229		189		205		300		429		104		151		4,593	
8 9	7 1		15 10	6	42 7		13 5	2	10 4		6 5				324 83	13
												2	13			
10	656		384		329		522		582		762		1,846	1	11,808	2
11	172	10	55	7	36	1	69	3	41		46	2	65	4	992	32
12	80		37		29		57	2	71		137		221		2,100	22
13	10	2	17	1	3	1	2				3		13	1	196	14
14	24		37	3	76	2	100	4	66	2	22	1	21		422	15
15	15		89	2	51	I	57	1	34	2	3	1		3	264	10
16	33	1	170		311	3	365	6	190	3	27		148		1,254	13
17 18	2 15	1	6 45	1	13 61	5	11 61	2 3	1 27						36 372	3 22
											12		53	1		
19	31		153		191		512	1	447		72		89		1,574	2
20	302	. .„___	262		326 ........		944		335		76		40		2,738	
21	114	1	179	1	167 ........		162		102		102		163		1,231	4
22	217	1	142		180	1	272		236		133		121		2,103	2
23	209		169		151		340		269		130		125		2,231	
24	35		21		39		35		37		14		12	....._	311	
25 26 27 28	7 2		8 17		11		5		6 2				1 3		65 38 1 58	1
											4					
																
	15		29		1		1	1	2							
29 30 31			1				6 4 3		2		4		4		35 7 98	11
																
	10		5	1	8	3		1	11	1	4		5			
32	13		16		7		12		12		3		11		133	
33 34			3		3				1		1				14 2	
																
35 36						1	302		1 233						1 2,245	1
	201		185		258						68		78			
37	168		365		125		149	1	174	1	55		72		1,437	3
38	64	1	18		38		21		58		11		43		402	1
39 40 41															29 3 35	1
			2 4 5 16													
					9 24 31		3 24 18		3		4					
40	40										11				186	1
43	15	2		1		2		6	23	4	12	2	18	3	199	21
44	8		5		6		6		11		8		10		86	
45 46													9 49		22 529	
	37		38		53		101		93		35					
47 48 49			1		5 1						1				7 26 3	
	1						3		1				4 1			
																
																
	3,365	38	2,949	42	3,274	41	5,152	51	4,259	28	2,312	14	4,174	43	48,018	458
 
320
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOFS
TABLE L.—DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON—Continued.
					1863.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		Nove	
										MBEI1.
	27,657.		31,788.		30,902.					~------1
									33,961	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 4,685 2 9 100 2 o	Deathi K 2
	3,285	34	5,524 1 14 156 1 2	37 1	5,143 1 5 100 2 2	63	3,896 1 12 106	42 2		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	9 116 3									
										
										
										
										
	2 4 56 1 20 4 2				2 9 61 3 1 2 1		4 3 40 5	1	1 8 48 1	1
			3 78 8 39 13 1 1 70	4 1						
										
										
										
							2		5 1 1 49 1 2 5	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	52				54 1 11		30 2 2 5 12 1 3 6 1			
										
	3 1 36 8 2 14		14							
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.			43 2 2 30 1 1 17		22 1 3 7	........				
									4 1 10 24	
										
										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	5	1			3		5 2 I	2	6 2	
										
										
										
							1			
			1 6 20 3 41 167 15							
	10 19			1	10 9 1 22 172 36	1	7 5 1 10 222 ■ 18		31 3 1 20 278 27 7 7 26 27 34	1
										
										
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.	18 123 11 1									
										
										
86. Dropsy of Chest....................................										
87. Haemorrhage from Nose.............................			9 8 15 45 11 9 164 239 72 2 5 149	1 1 1	5 11 19 18 10 16 140 145 42					
88. Inflammation of Larynx.......................	11 18 18 7 20 159 178 73					2	12 20 17 5 78 89 146 14			
										
										
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs............................										
92. Other Diseases of this Order.........................									57 86 185 5	
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic..............................										
94. Constipation...........................										
95. Cholera Morbus.........................										
96. Cirrhosis of Liver.....................										
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Diseaso....................	1 54						4 43		8 48	
98. Dyspepsia............					59 2					
99. Diseases of Pancreas.......										
100. Diseases of Spleen	1 8 41 1		1 38 1						. 2 0	..
101. Fistula in Ano.....					3 26 1		3 18 1			
102. Hernia........										
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach								........ BU		
| Carried forward___									___	
	4,395	35	7,044	47			4,853	47	no	
i----------------------------------------------------------------------------------										_J
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
321
TABLE L.—DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON—Continued.
1863.									18(54.						1	
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
33,923.			32,163.		32, 946.		36, 292.		37,400.		21, 536.		19,027.		30,530.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	3,365	38	2,949	42	3,274	41	5,152	51	4,259	28	2, 312	14	4,174	43	48,018	458
50 51	1 17	1 1			2 14	2 I			2 18	1	1 16		3 21	1	14 165	8 3
			9				21									
52	73		112		93		103		84		52		113	.........	1,208	
53	3		2		1		5	1	4		3	1	3		29	2
54	2	1	2		3	1		1	1		1	1	4	1	19	6
55 56 57 58			1 2 7 81	1	1 1 7 76	2	1	1	2	2			1 3 50 50	1	6 16 100 725	5 3
	1 1 61															
							5 76		3 79							
											19					
59	2		2		2		3	1	3		1		1		32	2
60 61											13 6		34 1	1	107 71	4 4
	11	1	4		3		14	1	6							
62 63 G4	1 2 74		1		1 2 107		8 3 98						2 4 43		18 13 774	
																
			66						99		32					
65 66 67 68 69	2		2 1 5				1 3 1		4 6 2		2 2				18 47 19 113	
					3											
																
																
	4		13		45		37		6		2		3		126	
70	3		1		6		10		5		10		4		50	
71	13		21		38		33		34		5		3		214	
72	37		42		16		3		18		1		2		145	
73 74					1								1		3	
	7	3	21	2	15		7		25	2	17	1	14	2	142	13
75 76 77 78	1		1 1				2						2		10 2	
																
			2	1			1	1	4				2		9 1	2
																
79 80				1	1 15				1 15				5 12		8 173	1
	21		27				11				8					
81	4		10		13		15		15		4		6		123	
89			1		4	2	1		5	2					17	6
83	17	1	21		13		21		10		6		23		222	1
84	469		468		636	2	485	2	345	1	64		84		3,513	6
85	72		33		34	1	48		62	1	10		16		382	2
86 87	2 6														10 57	
			9		7		3		2		1		8			
88	26		22		31		13	1	28		7		7		202	1
89	75	10	188	- 29	200	59	174	52	101	47	40	10	39	1	916	209
90	43		60	1	93		57		59	1	17		33		494	2
91	8		3		6		9	1	5		13		20		97	1
92	83		201	5	239	3	221	1	261		7		8		1,200	10
93	46		40		67		72		65		45		78		1,051	
94	128		138		168		215		207		61		156		1,960	
95 96 97 98	3 1 3 70		3		2				3		22		80	1	319 3 35 661	3 1 1
																
			3 46		1 48	1			5 30		2 20		3 48			
							46									
99 100 101															2 4 35	
																
	3		1		3		1		6		2		1			
102	52		24		26		37		44		23		41		450	
103	3	1	2				1		3				1		14	1
																
	4,816	57	4,648	82	5,318	115	7,020	114	5,936	85	2,847	27	5,207	51	64,168	755
41 
322
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE L.—DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON—Concluded.
					1863.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		OCTO			
								beu. | November.		
	27,	357.	31,	788.	30, 902.					
									-«, 964.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	C 3S.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases. 5,903	Deaths. 29
	4,395	35	7,044 5 60 13 25	47 1	6,181 5 69 16 10 2 7 2 89 92 7 6	66 2 2 1	4,853 1 81 4 4	47		
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	78 13 14 1 7 1 38 79 40 3	2 1 1 1							161 5 6 2 3 2 73 118 o 3 2 3	
										
										
										
			20 4 47 102 5 2				4 o 92 71 4 2	2		
										
										
112. Piles ..............................................										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
			1		2	1	1			
										
	3 14 1 3 1 4		6 15 2 7 3 8		1 10		3 5		2 6 B 9 2 4 2	---
										
										
					11 1 1		4			
122. H ydrocele..........................................										
							3			
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints. '										
			8 6		15 10 1 3		1 3			
	2 3 1 1 1 112 152 19 10 18 13 75 2								3 4 3 1 1 127 100 8 22 26 20 112	
										
			10							
							1			
130. Other Diseases of this Order.........................		5 29 1 1 2	3 304 295 11 29 55 61 136 1 106 4 2 1 98 29 9 6 18 1							
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.				1 1 1 4 1	161 143 6 25 30 10 133 1		86 97 6 6 22 9 99			
132. Boils...................................										
133. Carbuncle..............................										
134. Whitlow...................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 136. Burns...........................										
										
										
										
	78 3 8 1 112 35 9 5 11 4				59 2 9 1 8 52 10 8 3 3	1	62 6 9 2 19 26 2 5 7 4			
								1 1 1	4 14 2 18 26 7 4 3 7	
										
143. Compound Fractures.................										
144. Gunshot Wounds......................										
145. Incised Wounds.........................										
146. Lacerated Wounds...............										1........
147. Punctured Wounds..............										
148. Poisoning.......										
149. Other Accidents and Injuries........										
150. Order II.—Homicide___										
151. Order III.—Suicide..										|
152. Order TV.—Execution of Sentence								1		
Total.........					................				6,913	31
	5,370	78	8,562	56	7,211	73	5,606	53		
										_J
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, J864.
323
TABLE L.—DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON—Concluded.
	1863.						1864.									
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
33,923.			32,163.		32,946.		36,292.		37,400.		21, 536.		19,027.		30,550.	
—	Cases. 4,816	Deaths. 57	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. | Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.
			4,648	82	5,318	115	7,020	114	5,936	85	2,847	27	5,207	51	64,168	755
104 105 106 107 108 109 no 111 112 113			8 351 7 6	1 1	1 472 5 7 2 8			1 1	6 325 4 3				3 37 4 3 1 2 13 29 79 1	1	29 2,339 86 87 9 76 38 580 1,049 161	2 2 4 7 4 1 1 5
	310 6 1					1 1 1	359 8 7 1 5 8 37 105 5			I 1	36 1 1					
	4		11 2 27 105 43	1					3 2 45 77 35	1	2 2 10 36 4					
	62 88 7			1	31 97 8											
114 115 116 117	6 1 3		3		5 3		5 3		8 7 1		7 1		9 5 2		59 22 15	2
			2	1												
																
118			5 6 4 9 2 1		4 21 6 11 5 3	1	24 12 2 14 2 2		17 9 3 7 2	1	16 5		13 2 3 4 1		94 116 30 86 24 31	1 1
119 120 121 122 123	5 1 6 3 5															
											1 2					
124 125 126 127 128 129 130	2 12 3 1 4 4 1		1 6 3 4 7 1		1 9 19				2 3 9 2 4 3		3				11 56 69 15 39 17 9	
							1 7						1 1			
											3					
					2		2 3						3			
											3 I					
					1								1			
131 132 133 134 135	135 143 9 20 30		88 131 3 16 96		121 140 9 36 117		85 144 15 42 73		56 112 2 32 127	........	22 83 1 7 46		39 104 6 8 73		1,336 1,644 95 253 713	
136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149	18 121		24 107 1		27 180 1		29 140		9 123 1	1	6 68 1 44 5 4		4 65	1	230 1,359 8	1 2 9 1 50 3 2 4 6
						1 1 1 1 1						1				
	147 6 11 2 24 38 20 3 3 5		72 3 8		131 6 8 2 21 56 9 2 1 5		125 4 9 1 20 35 9 4	3	122 5 16 2 30 48 9 5 1 4				38		1,069 48 107 16 409 426 101 51 65 70	
													9 2 22 20 3 1 3 7	2 2		
		5 3 1	17 46 11 4	1 1						1 1	20 15 3 4 15	1				
			26				4									
150 151 152						1										2 4 1
												2				
																
		66					8,371									
	6,086		5,915	89	6,911	125		119	7,217	92	3,325	31	5,828	57	77,315	870
 
324
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
            TABLE LI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1863.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		w	
										
	104, 395.		102,489.		107,541.		97,402.		100,430.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	246 2 286	6	216	32	174	17	146	11	172	
										
			322	3	190	1	191	2	222	IS
										
	916 480 400 28 7 4,668 553 601 68 50 3 4	5 2 1	1,347 642 421 67 26 7,001 577 645 31 57	6 1 1 3 5 3 1	1,233 862 512 61 12 5,843 491 975 58 37	8 1 4 8 4 2	988 818 581 42 10 3,654 517 648 35 38	4 I 2 2 4 1	936 606 421 82 17 4,043 626 478 54 32 2 B	3 3 1 30 4 12 1
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
			13 1 4 7 104 104 138 171 13 5		24		19			
										
18. Diphtheria..........................................	7 12 81 117 92 121 18 5 2 1 2 45 1	I		1	7 11 279 62 324 490 36 5 10	1 1	20 9 243 39 276 260 21 6 2		15 36 235 89 183 130 A 7 3	1 3
										
										
										
Order II.—Enthctic Diseases. 22. Syphilis...........................................										
										
										
25. Stricture of the Urethra..............................										
										
										
			12 102 4		5 51		3 36 1 3 13 3	1	4 41 1 3 9 7 1 16 441 263 55	1 1 I
Order III.—Dictic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.........................................										
										
					2 5 2	I				
	4 1 12		5 2							
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout........................................							5 517 234 44	1		
	305 282 100	1	382 245 134		427 250 108					
										
										
										
					1 1 23 39 15	2	1 1 19 24 20 8 35 4 6 1			
	3 10 23 5		4 22 47 23 2 25 2 4 2					1	2 17 24 21 5 46 1 1	2 1
42. Other Diseases of this Order................										
ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases. 43. Consumption.....................										
44. Scrofula.............										
45. Other Diseases of this Order.........										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itoh.........	62 3 2				21 1 7 2					
47. Tape-worm......										
48. Other Intestinal Worms										
49. Other Diseases of this Order										
Carried forward..										
	9,628	16	12,929	56	12,656	50	9,541	30		
1--------__										___
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1864.
325
       TABLE LI.
of the Army of the Potomac.
1863.									18(3	1.						
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May. June.				Total.	
99,625.			89, 241.		98,127.		104,916.		136,115.		115,385.		98, 384.		104, 504.	
"T	Cases. 1	deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 1	Deaths.
i	147	28	124	34	44	10	68	10	Ill	19	109	2	136	29	1,693	220
2 3 4 5					1 92	1 2			1 142	1 7	3 182				7 2,434	2 65
	171	8	179	11			96	5					361	11		
	594	5	418	7	389	1	640	3	920	4	693	5	1,073	1	10,147	52
6	436		320	2	288		457		751		637		650	1	6,947	3
7	373		207	1	174		260		678		516		577		5,120	1
8	35		15	1	9		8		97		34		27		505	2
9	9		11	2	4		13	2	30	2	1	1	17	1	157	14
10 11	3,594 584	1 58	2,362 512	5 63	1,367 333	1 4	1,242 249	10	2,840 416	1 4	4,142 362	1	5,4G6 594	7 5	46,222 5,814	25 180
12	380	11	184	6	100	3	108	1	420	3	467		803	4	5,809	45
13	42	3	33	5	17	3	15		16		21		33		423	16
14	38		52	1	59		94	1	118	2	54		35		664	5
15 16	13 6	2 1	36 83	7 1	44 273	6 15	56 509	8 30	99 686	4 14	24 145			1	277 1,806	30 62
												1	36			
17 18					3 17	2	4 33	1 2	5 49	3	1 9				14 218	1 16
	28	2	21	2									8	1		
19	13		27		75		397		763		215		73	1	1,638	1
20	460		499		435		860		584		322		63		4,165	
21	95		144	1	176		234		300	2	230	1	251	29	1,841	37
22	179	1	108		283		495		712		262		226		3,278	1
23	107		116		353		527		721		263		170		3,429	
24	29		17		44		73		142		56		30		303	
25	4		7		10		14		16		6		4		89	
26 27 28			6		3		2		12 1 14		1				41 2 61	
																
	2				6		6						4			
29	37		34	1	24		22		11		3		22		428	1
	2		4		4		2		1		1				21	
	2				16	1	18	4	14	]		1			63	9
32	2		6	3	13	1	8	3	13	2	2		1		81	10
	7		4 7	1					8		o				41	1
34	9						2		3		]				36	
35 36 37 38	2 540 256 60						1 565 289 54	1	2 636 434 99						26 5,030 3,114 846	4 1 4
		1	411 256 52		383 285 25	2 1					227 180 70		196 140 45			
39 40 41 4S																
	1 2 23						2 10 6				2 3 7		1 2 6		8 56 191	1
			11 15		8 35			1	9 8							
43 44 it it 4" it 4£	34 12	4	36 20	11	26 14	2	43 21 1 61 2 4 1	5	64 23 2 168 3 11 6	2	17 6	1	11 14		388 194 18 666 25 56 16	30 1
	58 3 1		63 2 4 2		47 1 3						34		46 3 8			
											5 2					
	..															
	8,390	125	6,416 1 165		5,487	55	7,574	87	12,159	71	9,317	13	11,132	91	114, 608	840
 
32G
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE LI. —ARMY OF THE POTOMAC—Continued.
					1863.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		Nove	
										1BCB.
	104,395.		102,489.		107,541.		97,402.			
									100,130.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases,	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death- i
	9,628 2 20 392 7 3	16 1 1	12,929 2 38 358 10 2	56 2 1	12, 656 4 41 243 7 4	50 2 1	9,541 3 32 180 4	30 1 1	9,379 2 44 132 11	— —
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										81 2 i
										
										
										
										
							I 1 15 143 6 5 2 3 1 72 3 22 4		1 1 6 120 6	1 1 1
	1 3 140 4 215 5 2	1	2 11 161 11 90 15 6 3 84 2 52 5	1	3 7 147 11 18 4 3 1 98 4 37 5					
										
										
										
										
								1	7 2	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	70 4 45 7								100 4 19 2	
										
										
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
	16 2 12 44 1 9 1 1 1		9 3 44 97		4 1 32 82 I 19 2 1 6 1 2 18 19 9 32 361 42		5 6 10 56 2 18 1 3 1 2			
								1 3 1	1 15 39	
										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
74. Valvular Disease of Heart...........................		1	11 3	1					12 2 1 2 2	2
										
76. Dropsy of Pericardium..............................										
			2 2							
										
	1 62 26 9 24 180 39									
			32 27 5 11 239 48	1		1	28 15 1 35 518 70 3 1 31 74 77 11 60 246 265 43 1 13 118	1 1 2	21 16 2 29 477 53 1 3 38 68 72 7 45 240 333 17 3 9 83	1
										
82. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
										
85. Chronic Bronchitis........................										
86. Dropsy of Chest...........................										
87. Haemorrhage from Nose..............	10 9 24 53 23 38 389 301 138	1	6 20 32 91 10 75 390 444 159 2 8 205	2 2	2 27 48 76 5 35 319 457 101 1 6 155	1 1				
88. Inflammation of Larynx..............										
89. Inflammation of Lungs.............										
90. Inflammation of Pleura...................										
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs......................										
92. Other Diseases of this Order...................										..j
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic.........................										
94. Constipation................										
95. Cholera Morbus........:..........										
96. Cirrhosis of Liver.............										
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease...........	o 114									
98. Dyspepsia............										
99. Diseases of Pancreas......										
100. Diseases of Spleen ...										
101. Fistula in Ano..	11 66 1		10 59 1		8 67 1		7 67 1	........ 42	6 44 __i 11,478	96 ___
102. Hernia___										
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach..										
Carried forward___										
	12,155	21	15,826	66	15,233	56	11,827			
1--'----------------										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1864.
327
TABLE LI. —ARMY OF THE POTOMAC—Continued.
1863.									1864.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		ArRiL.		May.		June.		Total.	
99,625.			89, 241.		98,127.		104, 916.		136,115.		115, 385.		98, 384.		104,504.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	8,390	125	6,416	165	5,487	55	7,574	87	12,159	71	9,317	13	11,132	91	114, 608	840
50	3	3	3	3	1	1	1	1	1	1	3	2	2	1	27	20
51	29	1	21	1	37		46	2	68	1	24		20		420	9
52	133		103		137		192		285		100		137		2,392	
53	8		3	1	8		17		11		2		4		92	1
54	5	4	3	2	3	2	7	4	1	1	2		1	1	31	16
55 56 57					1 4	2	2 3	1	4 5	4	1				10 28	6
	2		5	2									1			
	10	1	11	1	14		16		10		9		3		115	3
58	149		125		158		172		219		69		82		1,685	
59	4		6		12		10	1	10	1	9		12		101	3
60 61									8 48	1 1	320 10	3	246 8	12	902 133	18 4
	12	1	9		9		4	1								
62	2		3		1		5		11		2		2		42	
63 64	1 106		4 82				2 180		2 276		1 69		2 65		17 1,301	
					99											
65 66	4 16		17 13		3 7		LO 14		8 24		4 35				63 345	
													61			
67 68 m	2		4		3		2		5		3		2		44	
	6		10		10		17		21		5		6		109	
70	8		2		4		8		15		5		11		66	
71	22		23		33		41		52		15		5		304	
72 73 74	32		4		2		7				1				364	
				2			1								7	3
	10	2	17	3	16	2	21		41	1	10		7	1	191	15
75 76	2				5		4		3		1				25	1
	2	2	1		1		1								11	3
77 78 79 80	6		4		4		7	1	17				I		51	1
					3		2		3						15	
			3				o		2						11	
	18		13		25		27		57		35		36		372	
81	8		10		14		9		26		25		16		211	
	1		8	1	8	2	4	1	16				2		65	6
83	67		28	1	17		70		55		9		12		389	2
84	708		648	1	704	4	909	2	910	2	150		127		5,931	9
85	128		66		52		94		97	1	50		15		754	1
86 87			2 2	2	7 3		1 1						3 9		17 56	2
	6								5		8					
88	64	1	40	1	69	I	136		119		19		8		580	3
89	141	26	143	17	171	16	246	29	' 289	28	67	1	43	4	1,346	131
90	84	1	91	1	74		137		163	2	53		30		1,001	5
91	9		10		9		9		20		9		15	1	137	1
92	91	1	96		239		324		351	2	7	2	3		1,364	7
93	239		111		90		106		207		231		261	1	2,829	1
94	262		236		270		326		505		227		187		3,813	
95	19		8		11		10		12	1	23		38		579	4
96 97	5 14				1 10						2 4				15 99	2
		1	16	1			2		11				4			
98	103		93		77		113		122		79		43		1,305	
99 100 101	1 1 2		1				2 1 4								4 6 84	
					1 9				2 16				1 3			
			3								5					
102	38	1	59		.61		58		80		72		83		754	1
103	2	........	5				1		o		3		3		21	
																
	10,975	170	8,584	205	7,985	85	10, 958	130	16,374	118	11,095	21	12,752	112	145,242.	1,123
 
328
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  LI.—ARMY OF THE POTOMAC—Concluded.
Year............
MONTH...........

Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
              Brought forward......................

ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
104. Haemorrhage from Bowels......
105. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
106. Inflammation of Stomach......
107. Inflammation of Bowels.......
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum...
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver ..
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
111. Jaundice.....................
112. Piles.........................
113. Other Diseases of this Order...
 ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.

114. Stone and Gravel...................................
115. Diabetes..........................................•
116. Bright's Disease...................................•
117. Diseases of Prostate...............................
118. Diseases of Testis.................................
119. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
120. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
121. Incontinence of Urine.............................
122. Hydrocele........................................
123. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
Order VHI.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries......................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
1863.
July.
104, 395.
Cases.  Deaths
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscesa.......
132. Boils.........
133. Carbuncle---
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
  CLASS V.—WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS, AND
                    INJURIES.

      Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns...........................................
137. Contusions.......................................
138. Concussion of Brain..............................
139. Drowning........................................
140. Sprains..........................................
141. Dislocation......................................
142. Simple Fractures........................ ........
143. Compound Fractures.............................
144. Gunshot Wounds.................................
145. Incised Wounds..................................
146. Lacerated Wounds...............................
147. Punctured Wounds...............................
148. Poisoning........................................
149. Other Accidents and Injuries......................
150. ORDER n.—Homicide...............
 15
 54
  6
 10
  1
 30
  1
 81
249
 16
174
429
 35
 44
 76
 44
172
  5
151. Order in.—Suicide..............

152. ORDER IV.—Execution of Sentence.
Total.
   120
   12
   22
   68
10,569
   102
   66
   14
   39
   38
24,732
August.
102,489.
Cases.  Deaths
  2
441
15,826
  6
 85
 15
 22
  3
 35
 25
119
257
 40
  363
1,096
   67
  171
   89
 43
166
  3
470
122
  3
 16
  4
 86
 97
 17
 18
 62
 34
19,003
66
September.
107,541.
Cases.  Deaths.
15,233
  7
 85
 13
  5
  3
 22
 22
104
229
 30
353
733
 48
 78
 33
152
  5
160
 10
 19
  2
230
 73
 20
 12
 27
 29
17,871
October.
   97, 402.

Cases.  Deaths.
11,827
  3
 94
 17
  4
  2
 30
 13
 91
226
 18
83
42
212
437
 23
 47
 61
 29
137
152
  2
 23
  3
806
104
 19
 12
 10
 35
14,549
 NOVEMDER.

   100,430.

Cases. Doathi.
11,478
223
451
 30
 76
 36
97
 173
   4
  16
   2
1,209
 179
  26
  14
   7
  34
V4.753
151 
DURING  THE  YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 1864.
329
TABLE LI.-ARMY OF THE POTOMAC-Concluded.
1803.							1864.						-------------------			
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		M	AY.	June.		Total.	
99,625.			89,241.		98,	127.	104,916.		136,115.		115, 385.		98, 384.		104, 504.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.
	10,975	170	8,584	205	7,985	85	10, 958	130	16,374	118	11,095	21	12, 752	112	145, 242	1,122
104 105 106	2 117 19		2 113 18		7 180 13		8 313 17		3 383 18	1 1	1 113 6		3 35		57 1,656	3 1
107	8	2	9	4	9	2	6		8	1			6		163 93 21 273 168 1,104 2,341 275	4 14 4 3 1 1 4
108 109 110 111 112 113	2 23 19 76 162 9	1	2 11 25 97 116 25	1 1	3 14 9 107 111 8	1 2	1 14 13 64 143 15		3 37 18 101 236 83							
										1 1	3 3 79 197 4		12 4 80 211 11	1		
																
114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123	8 5 11 3 5 14 7 14 4 4	1	3 1 13	2	10 4 10 1 6 26 9 8 2 3		9 1 14	1	3 3 15		7 2 3		9		97 29 103 9 110 270 104 142 41 67	2 2
													4			
			8 24 14 9 3 8				14 26 13 23 1 11		36 29 16 18 4 12		5 12 7 3 5 1		5 17 5 6 3 4			
124 125 126 127 128 129 130	2 1 6		1 1 8 1 8 7 1		1 6 13 3 4 3 1		5 9 9 1 2 4 2		9 4 27 4 17 5 8		4		2 1 7		33 29 129 14 78 33 27	
											5 1 3 1 2					
	3 2															
													9 2 1			
																
131 132 133 134 135	250 408 25 87 43		234 282 15 82 33		245 284 17 61 56		350 353 18 99 50		402 503 30 86 91		113 231 9 43 95		90 262 21 46 90		3,009 5,469 338 920 753	
136 137 138 139 140 141	68 194 3	1 1	55 182 1	1 1	43 224 1	1	76 302 1		113 321 5	1 2 2	43 256 5 96	2 2	24 182 2 85	2 2 1	635 2,421 31	2 6 6 15
	187 7 16 2 80 249 20 14 7 24		167 13 17 4 54		231		238		405						2,186	
142 143 144		15		6	9 21 1 226	17	15 27 5 87	1 8	23 40 7 123	1 9	5 9 60 22,596	1 322	4 29 23 13,173	549	107 255 181 49, 239	6 1,488
146 147 148 149		1 3	298 36 6 5 53	1 3	242 31 13 4 48	1 2	287 33 23 6 41	1 3	275 50 38 10 29	1	52 111 13 17 34	1 5 1	39 42 13 22 23		1,997 471 190 216 400	3 6 1 1 17
150 151 152		1				1 1										6 5 16
												2		1		
	13,185	3 199								1						
			10, 049	225	10,313	113	13,757	144	20, 025	140	35,350	357	27,361	668 i	221,548	2,739
 
330
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE TROOPS
                   TABLE LII.

Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR............
Month...........

Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
   CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
       ORDER I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever.............................
Typhus Fever..............................
Typho-Malarial Fever.......................
Yollow Fever...............................
Romittent Fever............................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever................
Tertian Intermittent Fever..................
Quartan Intermittent Fever..................
Congestive Intermittent Fever...............
Acute Diarrhoea.............................
Chronic Diarrhoea............................
Acute Dysentery............................
Chronic Dysentery...........................
Erysipelas..................................
Small-pox and Varioloid.....................
Measles.....................................
Scarlet Fever...............................
Diphtheria..................................
Mumps......................................
Epidemic Catarrh............................
Other Diseases of  this Order.................
        Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.
Syphilis.....................................
Gonorrhoea.................................
Orchitis.....................................
Stricture of tbe Urethra.....................
Purulent Ophthalmia........................
Serpent Bite................................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
        ORDER III.—Dietic  Diseases.
Scurvy .....................................
Purpura..........................-r.........
Delirium Tromens..........................
Inebriation.................................
Chronic Alcoholism..........................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
1863.
August.
16,634.
Cases.  Deaths
35. Gout...................................
36. Acute Rheumatism......................
37. Chronic Rheumatism.....................
38. Anaemia.................................
39. G oneral Dropsy..........................
40. Cancer..................................
41. Tnmors.................................
42. Other Diseases of this Order.............
         ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption............................
44. Scrofula................................
45. Other Diseases of this Order.............
 33
  1
248
373
470
665
992
 49
143
  3
  6
15
13,148.
Cases.  Deaths
  267
  759
1,264
   20
    5
  965
   46
  149
120
  1
 43
 28

 16
 37
13
     CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch..........................................
47. Tape-worm...................................
48. Other Intestinal Worms.......................
49. Other Diseases of this Order..................
Carried forward.
3,396
28
September.
13,567.
Cases.  Deaths.
  217
1,189
  899
  404
    6
  974
   95
  132
    7
    3
12
October.
16,666.
Cases.  Deaths
17
  259
1,246
1,111
   33
   3
  633
   99
  175
   26
   11
   1
   1
28
3,906
39
4,428
4,120
November,
17,588.
Cases.  Deaths.
18
  63
  743
1,254
  11
  27
  640
  109
  157
  35
 73
115
 20
  2
28
3,656 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1864.
331
         TABLE LIL



of the Department of Virginia.
	1863.		1864.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
19,484.			18,335.		19,032.		22,362.		47,257.		44,747.		50,436.		24,938.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. .Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	17	3	10	1	12	4	33	5	40	8	41	3	55	10	343	77
2	3				1		1		2	1					13 538	
3 4 5	18		16	3	5	3			42		38		117	2		1 16
																
	29		21		23		24		159	I	175	1	439		2,049	16
6	471		376		400		382		882		911		987		8,816	3
7	673		422		355		582		1,444		913		860		10,442	2
8	39		18		20		1		53		28		108		735	
y	41		19		3		24		47	2	23	1	34	2	232	11
10	367		290		304		292		1,507		2,673		6,007	3	15, 644	7
n	56	1	83	1	43		42		106	1	147		293		1,168	16
12	72	2	44		74		38		217		456		1,233		2,890	20
13	15	1	10		9		6		6		108		58		288	9
14	7		14		19		23		25		28	1	27		176	1
15	3		17	3	56	2	11		24	1	15		4		132	6
16			3		82	1	208	5	137	2	52		304	4	805	12
																
17 18									10 28						10 420	22
	15	1	9		12	1	18	1			13		12			
19	11		1		18		100		228		102		120		592	
VKI	109				97		234 18		557 29		83 212		42 235		1,435 735	
21	10		130		31					1						2
22	62		65		100		135		226		133		114		1,060	
2J	91		89		107		159		390		209		111		1,508	
24	18		7		20		38		54		48		27		256	
25			5		2		7		4		1		5		28	
																
26					4				8 2 7 19 2		1		5 2		20 4 55 108 78 8 9 3	
27 28 29																
	5 1		30		2		8 1									
											25 3		14 3			
30	5		1													
31 32 33 34	2 1		1	1	2				2 2							1
											1		2 3			
																
					1											
35 36 37							1 137	1	4 325						7 1,492	1
	128		107		110						221		165			
	80		67		37		147		191		132		161		1,101	
db	16		17		5	1	10		20		27		20		171	2
39 40 41 42 43 44 45	' 3														15 2 22 17 129	11
							1 4									
	3				• 1 3 8				5 14 20		4		2			
																
	2		6				19	3		2	18		9	1		
	5		4 1		1		5		7		2		12		57 1	
46 47 48	17		30		35		29 2		88 3		69 2		100 2		440 12	
49							2		3		1		14		31 1	
	2,396	8														
			1,913	9	2,002	12	2,722	15	6,939	19	6,915	6	11,706	22	54,099	236
 
332
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LIL—DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA—Continued.
					1863.				"~-----1	
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	16,634.		13,148.		13,567.		16,660.			
										
LIST OP DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deathi 1Q
	3,396	28	3,906 1 11 75 1 3 1	39 1 1	4,428 2 13 38 4	40 2	4,120	28	3,656	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	9 48						6 55 3		5 59 1	
										
										
	2	2								
				1						
					1 1 39 1 1					
			5 18 1 11 1	1			2 41 3		2 38	
	33 3 20 5									
										
										
										
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	16		14		15 1 13 1 3 5 7		15		18	
										
	7 3 16		6 1 14				5		2 1 13	
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.							5 4 2 2 4			
										
	3 8 1		4 o 2 3 1							
									5	
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.				1						
	7				2		7	1	2 2	1
										
										
			1		2		2	1		
										
	5 13 8									
			13 7		13 12 3 18 61 11	1	20 11		12 9 1 12 192 26 1	
										
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.	8 48 7		7 20 6				17 139 9 1 2 3 9 11 2	1		
										
										
										
			2		2					
	8 1 7 1							1 2	3 21 19	
			1 4		13 11 1	2				
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic...............................................	92 114 41	1	68 65 50 1		80 53 21	2	70 81 11		38 98 1	
										
										
										
							1 15		2 52	
	42		20		8					
										
100. Diseases of Spleen...........	1 2 31						7	1		
I 101. Fistula in Ano.............			2 21		3 20				3 20 1	11
102. Hernia................							27 1 4,712			
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach......										
										
Carried forward........	4,006	31	4,369	44	4,907	47		34	4,315	
!---										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
TABLE LII.-DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA—Continued.
	1863.		1864.													
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
19,484.			18,335.		19,032.		22, 362.		47,257.		44,747.		50,436.		24,938.	
--	Cases. 2,396	Deaths. 8	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			1,913	9	2,002	12	2,722	15	6,939	19	6,915	6	11,706	22	54,099	236
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 9C 91 92 93 94 ' 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	1 9 52 2				1 10 18 1 1 1				1 22 142 8 2 1	1	1 12 148 2 1 1	1 2			7 143 942 25 10 5 1 61 544 31 205 61 9 3 396 15 122 15 58 47 34 71 40 5 71 9 2 8 2 8 160 111 18 133 1,904 243 6 30 252 344 206 38 224 868 1,655 233 4 6 368	4 1 6 2 2 2 1 1 8 1 1 2 1 1 31 3 1 2 1
			5 65 2			1	20 51 1 1	1					21 191 1			
													1			
																
	1 39 2		2 52 2		2 22 3		1 31 2	1	12 68 3		5 67 5 104 24 2 1 77 2 20 5	1 1	28 96 6 69 11 1			
	4				6		6 1	1	4 5							
																
	1 23 2								1 ........							
			31 1 4		18 3		21		63 3 6				85 3 54 1			
							5 1									
	2 7															
																
			1		6 1 2 6		2 1 3 7		18 5 11 5		6 2 10 3 1 11		5 8 14			
	1 4															
			10 12													
												2	1 19 1	2		
	1 3		1 1 1 1		4 2 1		1		15	2						
																
							1 1	1	1							
											1					
													3 11 6 1 7 122 25 2 12 14 18 23 12 17 210 341 85 2 1 76	1 1		
	15 6 2 12 205 30		11 5 8 9 188 11 1 2 2 31 6 4 56 28 103		9 7		14 11		16 17 2 15 355 31 1 1 56 89 45 5 57 81 259 3		13 12 1 13 237 18					
					6 164 45		9 173 24	1								
				1 1	2 14 34 16 3	2	2 45 73 34 7 41 32 125 2	11		8	5 101 30 26 1 10 87 214 18 1	4				
	6 24 4 2 43 54 106 1	2														
					28 96											
																
	1 29				1 14											
			9				35		44		24					
															8 24 339 3	
	1 19		1 5				2		4 41		4 30		2 74 1			
					26		25									
																
	3,110	10	2,584	11	2,575	. 15 j 3,533		31 i	8,457	30	8,271	17	13,387	26	64,226	307
 
334
SICKNESS   AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE LIL-DEPARTMENT OF  VIRGINIA—Concluded.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
              Brought forward......................

Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
104. Haemorrhage from Bowels.....
105. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
106. Inflammation of Stomach......
107. Inflammation of Bowels.......
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum...
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver...
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
111. Jaundice......................
112. Piles..........................
113. Other Diseases of this Order...
 ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.

114. Stone and Gravel..................................
115. Diabetes..........................................
116. Bright's Disease..................................
117. Diseases of Prostate...............................
118. Diseases of Testis.................................
119. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
120. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
121. Incontinence of Urine.............................
122. Hydrocele........................................
123. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries.....................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis.....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess.......
132. Boils.........
133. Carbuncle.....
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
CLASS  V.  WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS,  AND
                 INJURIES.

    Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
1863.
July.
16,634.
Cases.  Deaths.
4,006
31
136. Burns.......................
137. Contusions..................
138. Concussion of Brain.........
139. Drowning...................
140. Sprains.....................
141. Dislocation.................
142. Simple Fractures............
143. Compound Fractures........
144. Gunshot Wounds............
145. Incised Wounds ............
146. Lacerated Wounds..........
147. Punctured Wounds..........
148. Poisoning...................
149. Other Accidents and Injuries .

150. ORDER II.—Homicide.......
 151. ORDER III.—Suicide..............

j 152. ORDER IV.—Execution of Sentence .

                 Total.................
146
140
  6
 14
 55
22
 1
 6
4,656
August.
13,148.
Cases.  Deaths.
4,369
233
170
  3
 31
 17
September.
13,567.
Cases.  Deaths.
4,907
 1
24
 5
 2
 1
 4
 3
53
31
40   5,021
 50
133
  1
 16
 18
October.
16,666.
Cases.  Deaths.
4,712
28
 2
 1
 1
 7
 5
 5
46   5,357
51
 58
105
  3
 16
 56
34
5,202 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
335
TABLE LIL-DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA—Concluded.
	1863.		1864.													
December.			January.		February. 1 March.				April.		May.		June.		Total.	
19,484.			18,335.		19,032.		22, 362.		47,257.		44,747.		50,436.		24, 938.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	3,110	10	2,584	11	2,575	15	3,533	31	8,457	30	8,271	17	13,387	26	64,226	307
104 105					1 74										6 842	
	53		55				117		233		102		66			
106	5		10		2		2		7		2	•	5	.......	46	
107 108 109	2				5		2		8		4		6	1	34	4
			1 3								1 11		1 6		4 69	
	6				5		9		3							
110 HI	4 37				2 11				1 61		3 66		2 33		18 467	
			36				21									
112	41		38		36		35		78		96		143		676	
113	5				6				8		4		6		42	
114 115 116 117 118 119					1		3 1		6		1		14		34 2 8 2 27 66	1
																
											1					
									2 12 7							
			1 3		I 7						1 6		4 9			
	8						2									
120 121 122 123	2 3 1				4				8 9		1 9		1 10 4		27 77 8 6	1
			4 1				2 1									
																
									3		1	1				
124 125 126			1				1 1 1		2 3 11				1 2 5		12 10 40	
					1 4						2					
	5		1													
127 128 129 130 131													11 2 1 1 82		11 8 8 6 934	
			1		1		1		.....2' 2 2 99							
	1										2					
							2 33									
	43		29		-23						77					
132	148		119		92		89		279		182		174		1,764	
133	3		4		1		3		5		6		11		53	
134	20		21		16		26		56		31		34		292	
135	33		24		45		44		133		56		75		580	
136	9		4		3		9		7		10		21		83	
137	79		74		77		53		100	1	126	1	147		833	2
138 139 140							1			. 1	1	1	1		3	1 2
																
	50		40		23		48		125		87		88		618	
141 142	3 4						2 1		4 12		1 11		4 6		19 60	
			2		3											
143	1		1		1		2		2	1	24		21		55	1
144	11	2	11	1	8		19	1	23		3,008	10	3,158	21	6,302	48
145	25		5		12		15		35		34		36		219	
146	17		11		15	1	7		6		20		24		128	1
147	13		2		2		6		23		7		9		72	
148 149 150 151 152						I					5 9		7 2		16 41	1 4
	1	1			2 1		7		6							
																
					|									]		1 9
								1		7						
	3,743	14														
			3,086	12	3,059 17		4,099	33	9,840	40	12,279	30	17, 620	49	78,854	383
 
336
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
            TABLE LIII.
Abstract of the Sickness  and Mortality
					1863.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									9,336.	
	10,844.		11,651.		12, 607.		9,986.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	18	1	30 1 92	3 1 3	18 1 31	2 1	48 12 19	7 1 2	17	
	53 7								10	1
										
	415 463 358 24 8 409 45 93 21 7	i 1 1	1,007 1,549 1,448 108 15 520 68 62 7 12	2 4 1 2	741 2,152 1,621 57 9 514 54 164 25 7	o 2 2 1 1	314 1,315 1, 329 231 15 374 42 110 8 1	1 6 1 3 1	144 1,449 806 13 4 307 45 104 4 1	2 1 2 1
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
18. Diphtheria .									1 4 46 27 12 27	1 1
	1 43 95 13 41 4		1 35 95 21 58 8 1 1	1	1 44 75 19 30 6					
							44 62 18 38 3			
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis............................................										
										
24. Orchitis.............................................										
										
					1					
										
			2 16							
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................	7				11		10			
										
	5	1	1				3 1			
										
			1							
	13									
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...............................................					1 32 36 63 3					
	30 41 20		33 43 41 1				31 17 60		42 17 90	
										
										
										
										
										
	5 4 1									
ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases.			3		3	1	5 3	1	2 2	........
										
										
CLASS III.—FARASITIC DISEASES.			1		5		1		6	
										
	1		2							
									!	
										
	2,238	12	5,283	17	5,724	12	4,114	23	3,180	1 9
									____________!----------	
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
337
TABLE Lin.
of the Department of North Carolina.
	1863.		1864.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
9,414.			11,030.		12,953.		12,446.		8,027.		7,288.		7,126.		10,226.	
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48	Cases. 1	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			7	1	16 4	4	23	1	3	2	11	1	19	4	211 18 213	26 2 16
	1		2						4	2	1					
																
	41 716 639 15 5 162 57 60 3 7	1 2 1	55 564 588 17 4 165 25 46 2 4 4 21	1 2	64 703 570 14 1 163 22 34 4 11 4 41 1 17 3 45 2 31 25 10	1 2	47 809 789 3 6 163 22 21 1 14 4 78	1	52 612 424 18 5 177 25 41 10 9 2 13	1 2	31 472 253 6		78 389 250 13		2,989 11,193 9,075 519 72 4,361 451 898 85 79 15 167 2 27 51 384 439 220 392 51 8 2 1 24 48	7 19 1 14 7 5 1 2 5
											722 15 108	1	685 31 55	1		
											3 1 5 1		3			
													9			
																
			2 5 72 1 17 32 2 1			1	4 15 7 1 22 41 8 3						3 3 8 46 19 29 2	1		
	1 38 1 12 24 1 2							1	3 2 11 15 31 2		14					
										1	23 21 16 5 1					
																
									I							
	1				4 1		16						1 1			
									1		1					
																
	1 1								1 1						11 3 1 13 1 446 311 381 4	1 1 2
																
																
																
	26 21 22	I											-			
			24 27 23		48 25 22	1	47 23 16		78 26 11	1	28 17 12		27 18 1			
																
					1		2		2 1 4 2		1				6 7 48 23	7
	1 3															
		I	5 1		5	1	7 4			1	5 7	2	2 8			
																
	2		38		15		18 1		14		28		17		145 1 8	
	I		2								2					
49																
_..	1,665	6	1,756	4	1,906	10	2,215	3	1,601	10	1,810	4	1,717	6	33,409	116
43 
338
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LIIL—DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA—Continued.
					181	53				
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVK	--—
										HBRB.
	10, 844.		11, 651.		12,607.		9,986.			
									9,336.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 3,180	Deaths. 9
	2,238	12	5,283	17	5, 724 1 3 67 1	12 1	4,114 5 1 22 1 1 1	23		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	5 81 1		13 85						8 28	
										
										
								1		
										
										
	5 16 1 16		2 22 2 25		1 16					
							10 1		22 2	
										
					1					
										
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.					2					
										
	13		13		15 1 4 3 9 2 1 5		8 2 1 2		4	
										
	6		7 2 11 3						1	
										
Order HI.—Diseases of Ear.	14 3									
							1			
										
	3		1 1						2 5 1 4	
72. 0thor Discascs of this Order.........................							1			
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	3		3		4		5 1			
										
										
77. Inflammation of Pericardium..........	1		1							
78. Inflammation of Endocardium.............									1	
79. Inflammation of Veins....................										
	7 3		9 5		4 1 4 7 62 21		5		5 1 3 4 130 11	
										
82. Other Diseases of this Order...................							5 3 108	1		
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.	5 43 1		6 72 7							
										
										
										
87. Hanmonhage from Nose.....................	1		3 7 9 6 4 2 47 129 3		6 2 7 8 1	1	o 15 12 9			
88. Inflammation of Larynx......................								1	16 10 5 1 12 14 71 1	4
	18 3	1								
										
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs.................										
92. Other Diseases of this Order..............	2 31 123 6									
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic..................					44 89 3		25 59			
										
95. Cholera Morbus......................										
96. Cirrhosis of Liver.................							2 10 7			
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease..........	11 20		3 17	1	5 35				4 11	
98. Dyspepsia.....................										
99. Diseases of Pancreas.....										
100. Ditcasos of Spleen....	2 3 7 1		3 1 10		7		8 1........! 5 1 1 12 .... 10			........1
101. Fistula in Ano.......										
102. Hernia......					11 ........					
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach										
Carried forward ...										-
	2,693	13	5,817	18			4,521			13
					6,177	14				
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1804.
339
TABLE LIIL—DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA—Continued.
	1863. t								1864.							
DECEMBER. 9,414.			January.		February.		March.		ArRiL.		May.		June.		Total.	
			11,030.		12, 953.		12,446.		8,027.		7, 288.		7,126.		10,226.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. | Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,865	6	1,756	4	1,906	10	2,215	3	1,601	10	1,810	4	1,717	6	33,409	116
50 51	1 3	2			1	1					1	1				5
			3		2		1		4		3		3		49	
52	40		42		33		46		34		27		35		540	
53 54 55 56	1		2		2		1									
							o	1								
							4	2	2 1		1				8	2
																
57 58																
	10		8		21		25		13		15		19		197	
59 60	2				2		2				3					
											1		9		52	
61 62 63											1 1				1 4 2	
													1			
			1		1											
64	12		10		15		21		17		6		5		139	
65 66			1						2 4		2 4				8 29	
	1												1			
67 68 69 70 71							1								8 36 22 13 23	
	2 1															
							3		3 1 3		3 4 2		3 2 2			
			o 1		3 2											
	1						1									
72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80			6		9		8								30 4 42 6 1 7 3 2 55	1 1
	1 5 2								1 1 1				1 2 1			
			4		5	1	6 1									
																
			1 2													
	3 1			1												
											1 1 1					
					1 12											
	2		3				3		2				2			
81 82 83			2		2 2 7				2		2		1		19 15 62	3 1
						1	1 4	1								
	7	1	12						1		4		„			
84	75		121	1	193		105		30		39		21		1,059	1
85	7		5		9		13		23		6		6		111	
80 87 88																
	........1...				1 15		1 9				2 5				16 102	
	25		6						2							
89	13	1	21	2	30	1	27	4	49	6	10	1	4	2	210	24
90	11		9		13		18		13		12		6		113	
91 92	1 14		2 17		2 77		1 114				2 44				14 358	
									60				16			
93	15		10		14		17		21		24		28		290	
94	30		24		47		71		46		77		75		840	
95 96 97 98											7		15	1	35 2 47 159	1 1
																
	5 16		2 9		4 11		2 12						1 8			
									4		9					
99 100																
	1		3		3 2 12		5 1 5		3						40	
101											1				13	
102	5		3						5		6		4		90	
103	1		1				2		1		2				8	
																
	2,179	10	2,090 i	8	2,459	, 14	2,748	11	1,952	16	2,139	6	1,992	9	38, 340	158
 
340
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LIIL—DEPARTxMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA-Concluded.
					1>S(>3.						
											
	July.		August.		September.		October.		XI		
									9,336.		
	10,844.		11, 651.		12,607.		9,986.				
											
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Doathi 13	
	2,693	13	5,817	18	6,177	14	4,521	26	3,573		
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.											
	17 7 1		14 4 2 2 2 1 50 40 18 1	2	16 1 1 1 3 14 34 22 10		37 1		38 1		
											
											
										1	
						1	7 4 28 21 13		3 4 10 20 2		
	2 36 24 14										
											
											
											
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.											
											
							1		3		
											
			2 8 2 2						1 1		
	7				3 3 1 2		1 4 1 1 I				
											
	1 1 2								1		
											
									I		
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.			1								
											
	29 ........		4		5		2		1		
											
	1										
			1		1		1		1		
											
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	31 97 4 11 20		29 139 8 32 9 1 32		35 78 5 17 16 2 28 1		20 53 3 13 6 9 23		23 27		
132. Boils...............................................											
133. Carbuncle...........................................											
134. Whitlow............................................									6 9 2 13		
											
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 136. Burns...............................................											
	32										
											
		2	19	1				1			
	55				22 1 3		11 1		9		
											
	2	........	1								
									1 5 2 1 1		
	21 j 1 5 1		12 5	2 1	6 4	2	5			I	
											
	3						1				
147. Punctured Wounds.............................			3 1 7								
	5 ....... 6 ........			1	1 1		1 1				
149. Other Accidents and Injuries........									1	1	
											
151. Order III.—Suicide	• |					1					
											
					6,514		4,791		3,760	. ____—1	
Total...............	3,128	17	6,269	25		18		27		16	
1 ................										____J	
 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1864.
341
TABLE LIIL—DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA—Concluded.
1803	.	1864.													
December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
9,414.		11,030.		12, 953.		12,446.		8, 027.		7,288.		7,126.		10,226.	
Cases. 2,179 2 21 ' 4 1	Deaths. 10	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
		2,090	8	2,459 1 60 2 1 2	14	2,748 1 60 9 1 2 2 5 10 14 3	11	1,952 1 25 1 1	16	2,139 2 19 4	6 1	1,992 2 14 3 5	9 1	38, 340 9 362 38 14 9 30 64 206 223 68 4	158 2 2 1 1
		41 1 1 1													
										1 5 7 7 19 1					
2 5 9 9 1 1												6 5 3 12 3			
		2 1 15 1		5 4 14				10 14 13 2							
				2											
															
2				1				1		1		1		10	
															
I 1		1 3				1 6 1 2 1		1 3		2 1		2 1 1 1		11 37 11 19 6 7 2 1 48	
				2											
2		1 1		5				2							
															
				3											
								1							
										1 1					
		1		2		1						2			
															
												1 1 1 14 71 1 2 32 5 13		2 10 5 310 749 32 132 263 45 320 2	1 13 15 1 6
1				1		2 1 28 53									
		2 27 37 3 11 45 3 37						1 12 45 3 8 19							
41 43 3 4 > 6 > 9 r 20 i........				41 58 1 8 43 12 33						9 48 1 4 17					
						16 41 2 34 1									
							1 2	32		23					
)........			5					23 2	1				1		
) 22 L 1 2........		25 1 3		19 2 6 1 28 12 5 1 3 4	6	41 2 4 1 5 14 4 2				7		14		267 10 20 3 105 95 24 18 21 48	
												1			
5........															
4 6 > 2 5 1 7 1 1 ....	2	3 21					1	9 13 2 2		2 10 5 1		3 7 2 5 10 1	I		
	1	2													
i 2 3.....	1	4								21	2				
															
1 ....															1
->															
															
2,402	14	2,384	13	2,841	20	3,118	15	2,198	17	2,358	9	2,237	12	42,000	203
 
342
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE LIY.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1863.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
										
	21, 917.		28,160.		28,339.		28,948.		30,503.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 19	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 5 2 5
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	66 1 132	13 1 4	96 5 238	11 2 5	97 1 247		39	12	28 2 76	
										
						9	126	7		
										
	326 937 1,059 104 19 2,249 122 460 11 4	4 3 3 1	480 836 803 116 3 4,450 268 477 32 6	3 2 4 5 1	381 596 662 47 15 4,942 560 788 51 5	7 4 9 16 14 7	376 508 649 52 10 3,168 410 485 50 3	2 1 6 4 47 12 6	242 481 531 40 45 2,039 268 274 55 B	4 1 28 11 3
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
			10		28	1	29		13	
										
	6				4 6 80 6 4 10 6 2	1	4 2 293 13 16 12 4 1 1	2	9 2 252 24 51 Bl 7 1 2 1 4 40	4
										
	95 4 17 28 3 1		112 2 38 36 3 5 1							
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Svphilis.............................................										
										
24. Orchitis.............................................										
										
										
27. Serpent Bite............................		.......	2							
										
ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................	4				94	2	34 1 3 1 1	1		
										
		1								
	1									
										
34. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	1 3 96 38 105 21					1				
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...............................................					3 146 90 68					
			155 79 77			1	149 75 82		168 59	
										
									53 ! 5 ...	
										
									I	
			4 9 12 4	1	2 14 15	2	5 10 9 1	o		
										
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.	14 2	2							9 3	4
44. Scrofula............................................										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch..................	55 1 10		1				1 1		10	
										
48. Other Intestinal Worms___					3				4	
										
Carried forward......										.__________ -■
	5,995	31	8,413	39	8,973	93	6,626	102	4,889	72
										___—
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864
343
        TABLE LIY.



of the Department of the South.
1863.			1864.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
32,307.			26,033.		29,442.		27,738.		9,589.		9, 788.		10,125.		23, 574.	
	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	18	3	7	1	6		5	1	4		9	1	21	2	396	68
2 3 4 5															9 1,011	5 38
	43	4	19	2	26		28				10	1	66	1		
																
	129	1	57		72		78		33		44		187	2	2,405	19
6	338		333		278		344		114		158		147		5,070	I
7	509		407		380		431		85		150		160		5,826	
8	58		71		31		26		4		'		4		553	
q	0	1	8		2		14	3			13		8 657		139 21,530	21 22
10	1,255		661	1	549	2	750		285		525					
n	294	28	138	7	69	1	103	4	9		19		55	1	2,315	139
12	194	3	74		116	1	96	1	60	1	127		114	2	3,265	53
13	18	2	8				3						4 4	1	232 108	20 4
14	17		12		10	3	21		9		6					
15	7		16		8		34	10	2		1		o		70	10
16	9				75		75	3	4		3				246 2 80 141 1,918	4 11
17 18 19					1 7		1 4 43 213									
	11	2	27 4	1				1	5 48		3 8 31					
													1 31			
20	329	........	262		190				30							
21 22	11 54		90 30		15 20		14 43		16 24		20 33				215 354	1
												1	24			
23	109		29		24		99		26		18		25		497	
24	12		10		13		8		7		7		6		86	
25	1						1		1		1		1		15 13 4 29 269 2 8 5 4 16 6 1,596	
26 27 28 29	1		. 3 1 16 12		3		2									3
																
	2 17						2 4				5 6					
					10											
30			1													
31 32	2						1		2 1							1 1
		1									1					
33 34							2 11		1							
					4											
35 36																
	261		193		109		144		75		49		51			
37	116		112		80		76		30		32		33		820	1
38	60		21		1		4		8		3		14		496	5
39															✓ 21 1 26 71 102	
40 41 42 43			1													14
	4 19 7								1 3		4		2			
			3 9		5 6	1	5 11	1								
										1	5		5			
44	5		7		5		2		o		o				33	
45																
46 47 48 49	24		43		25 1		31 2		3 3		5		4		202 9	
											1		1		26	
	--------1________															
	3,936	45	2,685	12	2,168	8	2,734	24	895	2	1,299	4	1,629	9	50,242	441
 
344
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LIV.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH—Continued
	1863.									
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									November. 30,503.	
	21,917.		28,160.		28,339.		28,948.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deathi 72
	5,995	31	8,413	39	8,973 2 3 91 o	93 2	6,626	102	4,889	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	3 153 1 2 1	1 1	1 132 4 1				2 83 1	1	4 68 1 I	1
										
										
										
										
										
			9 49 8 22				3 41 3 1 30 1		3 61 1 1 45	
	26 3 25 2 20	1			44 1 2 51	1				
										
										
										
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
			1 64						1 50 1 i 1	
	38				27 1 42 1		31 5 12 2			
										
	67 1 19 3 3 3		55 4							
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
			3		3 I 3 13		2 1 8 8		1 1 4 22	
										
			11 28							
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	6		19	2	11 2	3	4 1 2		6	1
										
								2		
			1		2	2			2	
										
			2 10 16							
	6 13 1 10 80 12				8 10 2 11 179 9	3	4 7 1 21 340 13	1 1	12 4	
										
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs. 83. Asthma.............................................			13 120 22						9 230 15	
										
										1
										
										
	7 7 4 3 12 150 194 38	1	11 19 21 4 5 170 139 51	1 1	14 22 7 2 33 119 146 22	1 1	7 10 21 2 181 129 97 23	3	12 13 17 4 64 113 75 6	1
										
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic...............................................										
										
										
										
	1 31 1		5 109		19 120		13 55		3 62	
										
										
							1		1 2 12	
					3 27		2 11 2			
	15		21							
										
										75
	6,958	35	9,563	43	10,028	106	7 806 i HO		5,821	
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 18G4.
345
TABLE LIV—DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH—Continued.
1863.			1864.													
DECEMBER.			January.		February.		March.		April. 1 May.				June.		Total.	
32,307.			26,033.		29,442.		27, 738.		9,589.		9,788.		10,125.		23, 574.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	3,936 1 7 87 4	45 2	2,685 2 7 75 4	12 2	2,168 1 10 48	8	2,734 8 43 30 2	24 1	895	2	1,299	4	1,629 1 2 40	9 1	50,242 15 92 862 20 7 2	441 8 1 2 2
									4 23		6 32 1 3					
																
							1	1								
																
	2 69 1		3 55 1		1 40						1 12 1		1 15 3 11	1	23 466 24 62 153 26 2 530 13 203 22 19 28 17 62 121	1 1 1
							46		8 2							
																
	15 2		2		4		1 1				3 1					
									1							
																
	64		45		50		54 5 5 6		36		39		32 1 3			
	3 2				3 2				4 1		5 1					
			1													
																
	1		8 4 3 8		1 2 8 6		4				2					
									2 4 5				3			
	6 18						10 2				2 4					
													5			
	5 1		7		6 1		3						7 1 1		74 6 3 9	5 1 2 2
																
																
			1				2		1							
																
									1						3 85 68 6 132 2,111 154 2 6 200 238 172 30 431 947 1,143 179	5 1 1 19 1 1 2
	12 2		12 5 1 18 301 20		12 3		7 5 1 14 177 15				1 1		1 2			
																
								1								
	20 278 6				9 177 25	1			1 97 6		4 53 3		2 79 8 2 1 9 14 11 4 2 26 79 14			
	1 29 27 2 31 83 98 4				1 10 28 15 2 28 26 71 5	5	2 5 38 10 2 10 39 85 7				1 7 36 14 5 14 31 50 4	1				
		3	78 20 25	1				3	11 4 8							
			39 42 59					1	12 19 50 5							
																
	3 42		1 42				1 36		1 27		2 36		1 33		50 617 1 1 16 154 3	
					24											
																
	2 12 1		3 9		2 17		1 11				1 7					
									2				10			
	4,896	50	3,586	15	2,806	14	3,423	31	1,230	2	1,682	5	2,053	11	59,852	497
44 
346
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LIV.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH—Concluded.
1					1863.				—	
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November. 30,503.	
										
	21,917.		28,160.		28,339.		28,948.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deathi. 75 1
	6,958	35	9,563 5 26 3 17 2 8	43 1 1	10,028 3 50 13 17 3 7 2 54 100 2 3	106	7,806	110	5,821 2 43 4 2	
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	18 6 13	2				1 1	42 14 5 1 4 2 35 72 4 1	1 1		
										
										
										
	4 5 28 56								5	
										
		1	67 91 6 3 1 4 1 6 12 4 6	1					42 46 6	
112. Piles ..............................................										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.	5									
										
					7 1 6 6 5 14 1 3		3 3 2 3 3 2		6	
										
	1 11 5 5 1	1							1 6 1 4	
										
										
										
										
			3						1 1 3 3	
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.	1						1 7			
125. Caries..............................................			1 3		4 3 1 3					
	6									
										
			4				1		1 3	
	1									
							1 103 124 7 39 38 11 16 1			
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	75 171 19 26 24 8 81		195 350 13 68 66 16 56		172 221 10 27 27 8 38 2				126 130 4 29 25 7 25 1	
132. Boils...............•..............................										
133. Carbuncle..........................................										
134. Whitlow............................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 136. Burns.........................................										
										
										
		2	20 1 1	1						
	45 1 1 1 540 23 22 6 1 21				43 1 4 1 124 15 5 1		25 2		41 1 4	
										
										
							........|-			
		40	202 26 7 4 1 3	48		34	40 15 6 1	5	9 21 2 3 1	1
										
										
147. Punctured Wounds...............................										
148. Poisoning................................										
149. Other Accidents and Injuries................				1	5					
										
										
152. ORDER IV.—Execution of Sentence .				1				|		
Total............										77
	8,189	81	10, 865	97	11,040	142	8,440	117	6,430	
'-----------										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
347
TABLE LIV.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH—Concluded.
1863.			1864.													
December. 32,307.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			26,033.		29,442.		27,738.		9,589.		9, 788.		10,125.		23, 574.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	4,896	50	3,586	15	2,806	14	3,423	31	1,230	o	1,682	5	2,053	11	59,852	497
104 105															10	
	58		57		55		57		21		16		13		456	
106 107 108 109		1	1		o	1	8				1		3		56	
			2		2		5	1					1		66	6
			2 1	1							1 2		1 1	2	10 46	5 3
	2	1			3	1	4	1	5							
110 111	3 36		3 21				1 14				1 21				17 355	1
					16				10				11			
112	62		38		49		46		10		11		21		602	
	2		4		1				1						26	2
114 115 116	1 2 3								2						15 4 28	
			1 1													
					3								1			
117 118 119			2												7 21 67	1
	3 4						1 6				1 3					
			4		2				4				6			
120 121 122 123	1 4 1 5		1 2 2 2		1 3 2 2		1 2				1 1		2 2		25 45 7 18	1
																
																
						1	2									
124 125			2 6		1 1		1 3								7 36	
	3								1		3		4			
126	3		2		3		2		3		4		8		40	
127 128 129 130							1								2 13 7 7	
	2		1		1 1 3											
							1 1		1							
	2															
131	149		67		89		68		28		23		22		1,117	
132	226		181		142		167		51		59		101		1,923	
133	15		8		4		10		5		3		4		102	
134	29		26		33		54		16		16		11		374	
135	46		90		57		89		28		35		29		554	
136	11		5		2		8		3		7		2		88	
137	49		43		55		74		21		17		22		497	
138 139 140							1		1						6	6
										1				2		
	66		42		32		49		20		17		13		413	
141 142 143 144	4 1 1 20						4 2 1 13		2 3		3		1 1		20 25 4 1,668	145
			4		4											
																
		3	12	2	679	10		2	11		14	1	4			
145	27		20	1	19		22		11		10		10		219	1
146 147	7 1		8 2		3 2		1 2			1	4 2		4 6		69 33	1
									3							
148 149	1 3		1 4	1											5 69	2 4
					31	2					1					
150 151 152																
								1		1						2 6
	5,752	1				3								1		
																
		56	4,254	20	4,109	32	4,145	37	1,491	5	1,959	6	2,357	16	69,031	696
 
348
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
        TABLE LY.



Abstract of Mortality in the
					18(	J3.				
										
	July.		August.		September. 1 October.				November. 26,186.	
										
	37,096.		34,183.		30, 790.		25,758.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deathi. 53
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.		221 1 3		171		89		79		
										
				11		7		9		10
										
		20		19		13 2		3 3		
										2
		2								
										
		7 7 58 10 3 2 8 o		3 2 94 9 8 1 2		1 1 98 12 15 1 3		4 2 182 8 10 2 2		4 3 1G6 3 10 4 6
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
				1 10						
		1				7		9		4
										
20. Epidemic Catarrh...................................						1				
21. Other Diseases of this Order......................		7		4 2				2		
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis......................................						3				1
										
24. Orchitis.....................................										
										
										
27. Serpent Bite..................................										
28. Other Diseases of this Order........................										
ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy....................................				1				4		6 2 2
										
31. Delirium Tremens............................		1		4		2		1		
										
										
				3						8
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—-Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout.........................................										
		1				1				
								2 4		
		1		2						
										
				1 1 1 19						
										1
42. Other Diseases of this Order.....................		3 12 1						1 17 1		
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.						16				15
										
45. Other Disoases of this Order.............										2
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch........				!				l		
47. Tape-worm.......										
48. Other Intestinal Worms ...						.......	..............			
49. Other Diseases of this Order						......				
Carried forward___										____
		371				272				302
					....... I					■1 zj
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
349
TABLE LY.
General Hospitals of the Atlantic Region.
	1863.		1864.													
December.			January. February.				March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
21,749.			17,550.		18, 332.		18,490.		20, 518.		43, 284.		49, 391.		28,611.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49		27 1 5		19 1 3		30		29 1 7		55		60		155 2 13		988 6 72
																
												4				
																
		3 1 2		1		2 1				10 1 1 1 3 24 53 2 1 4 eo 36 1 3 1		4		10		85 10 8 2 31 60 1,108 59 90 44 361 117 6 64 2 2 43 7
																
								1						2		
				1 1 5 69 1 6 3 68 1												
												3		5 9 100 5 10 6 11 11 1 13		
		6 112 3 7 4 28						1 57 2								
						53 1 . 10 5 65 12 1 5						66 3 4 7 40 11				
																
																
								5 68 44 2								
																
																
																
		3		5								4 1				
																
		1														
				1				14		7		4		4		
		1														
																
																
		1														1
																
																
																
												1 1 4 1				12 4 45 3
				1 3				-"								
		3				6		7		10 2				2		
																
																
								11		3		5				30
																
										1		1 1 1				4 4 14
						1										
				1				1						4		
																
														1		2 3 8 257 2 6
		1														
												1 35		2 38		
		20		16		21		24		29						
																
										1		1		2		
																
																
								1					........1........			1
																
		229														
				206		213		275		309		263		401		3,561
															i..........	
 
350
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE LV.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
	1863.									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November. 26,186.	
										
	37,096.		34,183.		30,790.		25,758.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. >	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 302 3
d		371 2 1		369 2 1		272 2 2	1	351 3 2		
CLASS IV. —LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
										
										
		2 1 4								
' * y . - Br-iin				9		3 3		1 1		1
										
										1
										
										
		2 1 1				2		1		
				3 4						
										1
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
										
										
										
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
	•									
										
										
										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.				2 1 2 1 1						
						2		3		2 1
										
		1								
										1
										
										
										
										
		2								1
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
								1 1		1 4
										
										
										
		1 15 2 2 1								
				15 2 1		12		19 3		21
										
						2				1
								3		
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.										
										2
				1 1 1						
						1				1 1
								1 1		
										
										
										
101. Fistula in Ano..........				1						
										
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach...						1				
										344
Carried forward___		409		417		302		391		
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.                    351
TABLE LV.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
	1863.		1864.													
December. 21,749.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			17,550.		18, 332.		18,490.		20,518.		43,284.		49, 331.		28, 611.	
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 96 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	Cases.	Deaths. 229 1	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
				206 1 2		213 1 1		275 5 3		309 2 3		263		401 2 2		3,561 24 18
																
												1				
																
														1 9 2		3 52 34 3
		1		2 10 1		5		7 10		8 1		4 2				
																
						1										
																
				1												1 14 9 26
		1						4		1		1 1 5		2 4 5		
																
				1		2				7						
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
				1 2				1 4 1								4 24 7 3 9 2 1
		2				4 1				1 1		2		1 1 1 1		
																
																
						1		1 1		2						
												1				
														1		
																
																
				2		1 2 5		2								8 3 27 19
												1 2 3				
				4 3				6 2		7 2				1 1		
		3														
																
																
		1 10		2 29 6		2 62 1 1 1		2 129 4		2 144 3 2				1 39 1 1 2		11 559 26 11 12
												64 4 1 1				
																
																
		2		2												
																
																2 4 4 10 1
		1 1								1		1				
																
						1		2		1		1		2		
																
																
																
																1 1 2
	.......											1				
														1		
																
		254		277		305		459		497		359		482		4,496
																
 
352
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LV.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION-Concluded.
--------- 1	1863.									
	July. August.				September. 1 October.				November.	
_U< M .										
	37,096.		34,183.		30,790.		25,758.			
									26,186.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases. 1 Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Casei.	Deathi
	1	409		417		302		391		■"—
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										344
										1 I 2
		1		3 5 1 1 1		1				
										
		6				4		2		
										2
						1				
		1								
										
		3				2				
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
				1				2		
	1									1
										
				3		1		1		
										
										
										
								1		1
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
	1									
	|									
	|									
						1				
										
										
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.		1				1				
										
										
										
										
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
		2 1 3		3						
						2		1		...
				1						3
										
										
				2 9 283 1 2				2		
		7 236 1 2				2 81 2				3 63
							........	88		
										
								1		1
										
										2 3 1
149. Other Accidents and Injuries........................		4		4 1		1		1		
150. Order II.—Homicide.............										
						1		1		
										
Total........■..........					----					
		677		738		402		491		1 428
						1				
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1864.                    353
TABLE LV.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION—Concluded.
--	1863.		1864.													
DECEMBER.			January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
21,749.			17,550.		18, 332.		18,490.		20,518.		43,284.		49,391.		28,611.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.	
104 105 106 107 108 109 110 HI 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152		254		277		305		459		497 1 1 4 1 3		359		482 3 3		4,496
																4 8 15 24 32 6 9 6 4 7
				1 2				1				1 2 4 3				
		1 1 3														
						3 2		4 3 1 3						4 4 1		
				1 1 1												
																
		1 1								2						
						1						2		1 4 1		
																
								1								
																
																
		1				1				1		1		1		8 1
																
																
								8				1				8 1
						1										
																
																
				2		1				1		1				7
																
						1										1 1
										1						
																
								1								2
																
																
								1		2		1		4		10
																
																
																
																
						1 1										I 8 12 10
		1								1 1						
								3			........	3		1 2		
						1										
																
																
												2 42 706 1				6 89 3,438 21 9 6 4 67 3 4
		3 81 3		2 19		1 16		1 19		1 13 1				18 1,833 12		
																
																
						1		2 1 1 1 1								
				2								1 1 14		2		
																
		4		3		1				3				28		
																
		1		1												
																
		355	j........													
				312		337		505		534		1,145		2,404		8,328
L																
45 
354
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
                    TABLE  LYL

Abstract of  the Sickness  and  Mortality
Year.......................................
Month.....................................
Mean Strength, (not including Table L V).
1863.
July.
203,083.
219,614.
September.
October.
217,345.
205,014.
November.
   214,539.

Cases.  Deathe.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.  Deaths.
   CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC  DISEASES.
       Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever.............................
Typhus Fever..............................
Typho-Malarial Fever......................
Yellow Fever..............................
Remittent Fever...........................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever...............
Tertian Intermittent Fever.................
Quartan Intermittent Fever.................
Conge3tive Intermittent Fever..............
Acuto Diarrhoea............................
Chronic Diarrhoea..........................
Acute Dysentery...........................
Chronic Dysentery.........................
Erysipelas.................................
Small-pox and Varioloid....................
Measles....................................
Scarlet Fever..............................
Diphtheria.................................
Mumps.....................................
Epidemic Catarrh..........................
Other Diseases of this Order................
        ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases.
Syphilis...................................
Gonorrhoea.................................
Orchitis....................................
Stricture of the Urethra.....................
Purulent Ophthalmia.......................
Serpent Bite...............................
Other Diseases of this Order................
        Order III.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy.....................................
Purpura...................................
Delirium Tremens..........................
Inebriation.................................
Chronic Alcoholism.........................
Other Diseases of this Order................
572
 18
890
 CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL  DISEASES.
           ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout............................................
36. Acute Rheumatism...............................
37. Chronic Rheumatism.............................
38. Anaemia.........................................
39. General Dropsy...................................
40. Cancer...........................................
41. Tumors..........................................
42. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
          Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption......................................
44. Scrofula..........................................
45. Other Diseases of this Order......................
    CLASS III.-PARASITIC  DISEASES.
46. Itch..........................................
47. Tape-worm...................................
48. Other Intestinal Worms.......................
49. Other Diseases of this Order..................
Carried forward.
 58
 50
375
310

412
554
 68
 14
  9
  3
  2

115
 20
 47
 31
  4
 27
  3
742
602
269
 23
  2
  8
 28

 75
 24
  6


223
  4
 18
Cases.  Deaths.
Cases.  Deaths
279
  3
 15
653
920
30
27,106
508
 3,874
 4,746
 4,655
   363
    55
16, 563
 1,248
 1,869
   123
   120
    1
    27
    1
   149
    42
   355
   337

   539
   735
    60
    15
    9
    2
    25

   196
    24
    29
    48
    17
258
  4
 32
890
595
355
 11
 13
 36

103
 53
  2


 57
  4
 13
  2
39,942
  1
 14
 13
107
 23
 13
  4
  2
594
  7
653
 3,335
 5,927
 4,710
   602
    56
14, 682
 1,461
 2,485
   202
    70
    6
    59
580
153
 54
495
252

754
978
 92
 15
 18
Cases.  Deaths.
186

 33
393
 14
583
 11
 16
137
 44
 27
  2
  3
  1
2,312
4,637
4,622
  492
   57
9,068
1,281
1,653
  173
   76
   17
   53
170
 36
 43
 23
 15
  5
896
571
287
 34
 -2
  5
 48

111
 31
  2


 78
  2
 18
  2
 79
 35
849
184

750
810
112
 17
 12
26
561
109
  5
 50
 37
 14
143
   5
1,103
  615
  273
   3
   2
   8
   52

   92
   40
   17


  122
   8
   10
   1
30,853
239
 40
 32
  2
  4
598 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.                   355
TABLE  LYI.
of the Atlantic Region.
1863. 1									18(	4.						
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
220,341.			206,669.		228,244.		247, 591.		265, 635.		216,639.		205,041.		220,813.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. ]	Deaths.	Cases. ]	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	260	82	258	79	191	79	250	78	255	103	190	71	291	227	4,232	1,680
2	8	6	3	1	11	2	7	4	3	2	4		4	3	90	29
3 4 5	275	17	270	20	154	6	169	16	229	12	261	8	640	35	5,440	257
	1,059	9	781	9	839	6	1,137	3	1,463	18	1,109	10	2,197	13	22, 046 j	195
6	2,459	1	1,899	2	1,981	1	2,511	1	2,939	1	2,574		2,610	1	38,849	19
7	2,499	2	1,912	1	1,755		2,568	1	3,202	1	2,112		2,171	2	37, 057	11
8	164		148	2	141		66		193	1	88		162		2,807	4
9	63	2	61	11	20	1	62	7	86	9	43	8	72	8	717	111
10	6,344	8	4,326	11	3,211	3	3,457	2	5,717	25	9,144		15,525	20	107, 053	121
11	1,229	212	872	151	554	64	589	76	677	58	621	70	1,101	111	11,842	1,519
12	821	20	417	7	390	5	357	6	853	6	1,364	3	2,667	15	15,891	214
13	91	15	71	12	33	14	35		39	1	143	4	113	12	1,335	156
14	124	4	169	9	224	10	340	10	307	9	156	9	115	7	1,917	74
15	78	34	209	85	188	77	211	89	233	74	77	44	18	17	1,068	446
16	48	2	296	2	1,126	35	1,828	106	1,263	63	297	14	565	16	5,618	241
17	4		7	1	25	1	21	5	22	1	3		1	1	87	10
18	74	9	164	8	147	16	135	7	123	6	50	4	84	15	1,299	140
19	82		259		503		1,315	1	1,699	1	481	1	372	1	4,993	5
20	1,444	1	1,437		1,502		2,651		1,826		616		252		12, 938	2
21	241	1	711	4	554		660	16	540	12	630	7	778	34	5,401	96
22	718	3	628		849	]	1,366		1,5L>2	1	856	1	703		9,861	12
23	808		720		962		1,592		1,763		848		635		11,262	
24	142		100		172		211		301		159		109		1,639	
25	20	1	27		30		34		33		13		18		264	1
26	16		35		15		21		24		11		12		190	
27 28			1 85						4 34				2 9		13 277	1
	26				14		36	1			5					
29	57		50	1	36		34		42		40	1	45		984	16
30	9		6	1	4		6		9		4	1	3		129	4
31	31	5	39	9	68	13	64	14	65	14	26	5	26	2	526	87
32	32	1	51	5	57	1	84	3	69	4	39	1	41		549	18
33	14		16	3	15		11		15		16		27		174	3
34	15		7		6		15	11	3	3	1	5			84	31
35 36	2 1,328	I 1					11 1,439	1	7 1,577	1	1 700	1	1 617		54 12, 679	1 11
			1,147		1,154	3										
37	784		760		684	2	814	1	1,039	1	518	1	548		8,204	9
38	248	2	149	1	113	2	127	2	219	1	140	1	136	4	2,564	28
39 40	5 2														77 23	1 2
			4		1		4		1		3		1	1		
41	11	1	18		24		25		23		18		7		171	3
42	87		24		68		36	1	64		18	1	6	2	505	10
43	76	29	99	33	93	31	120	43	128	40	74	47	57	39	1,102	373
44	44		47		37		52		56		38		58		521	3
45 46			1 315				2 355		2 432	1	1 210	1	9 284	2	47 2,788	6
	211				283											
47	5		3		8		8		10		3		5		62	
48	5		6		9		44	1	16		8		28		191	1
49			3		3		2		9		4		4		32	
																
	22,063	469	18,611	468	18,254	373	24,882	506	29,136	469	23,717	319	33,129	588	335, 652	5,951
 
356
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  LVL—ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
yr.Ai

MON'l
1863.
Mean STRENGTH, (notincluding Table LV).
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward.
 78.
 79.
 80.
 81.
 82.

 83.
 84.
 85.
 86.
 87.
 68.
 89.
 90.
 91.
 9%

 93.
 94.
 95.
 96.
 97.
 98.
 99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
    CLASS IV.—LOCAL  DISEASES.
    Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
Apoplexy......................................
Epilepsy.......................................
Headache......................................
Insanity.......................................
Inflammation of Brain..........................
Inflammation of Membranes of Brain............
Inflammation of Spinal Cord....................
Nostalgia......................................
Neuralgia......................................
Paralysis......................................
Sun-stroke.....................................
Othor Diseases of this Order....................
         Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
Amaurosis.....................................
Cataract.......................................
Inflammation of Conjunctiva....................
Inflammation of Iris............................
Night Blindness................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
        Order III.—Diseases of Ear.
Earache.......................................
Inflammation of Internal Ear....................
Deafness.......................................
Otorrhcea......................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
 ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
Aneurism......................................
Valvular Disease of Heart......................
Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
Inflammation of Pericardium....................
Inflammation of Endocardium..................
Inflammation of Veins..........................
Varicose Veins.................................
Varicocele.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
  ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
Asthma........................................
Acute Bronchitis................-..............
Chronic Bronchitis.............................
Dropsy of Chest...............................
Haemorrhage from Nose........................
Inflammation of Larynx........................
Inflammation of Lungs.........................
Inflammation of Pleura.........................
Haemorrhage from Lungs.......................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
   ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Colic.........................................
Constipation.................
Cholera Morbus..............
Cirrhosis of Liver............
Dropsy from Hepatic Disease.
Dyspepsia...................
Diseases of Pancreas.........
Diseases of Spleen...........
Fistula in Ano................
Hernia.......................
Hemorrhage from Stomach...
203,083.
August.
219, 614.
Cases.
27,106
 66
902
 14
 15
  1
  3
 13
326
 20
325
 18

 24
Carried forward.
228
  4
129
 13

104
 33
 18
 51
 49

  1
 36
  6
  7
  4
  6
  6
113
 81
 15

 71
533
 84
  1
 13
100
 40
 925
,089
 368
 23
324
  1
  4
 26
193
  3
33,752
508
Cases.  Deaths.  Cases. Deaths
39, 942
  5
103
889
 17
 11
  3
  2
 37
395
 36
222
 31

  7
  5
282
  2
139
 12

 68
 28
 12
 91
153

  5
 54
  4
565
September.
October.
217,345.
  10
   4
   3
  73
  82
  12

  83
  729
  122
   2
  22
  54
  98
  192
  37
  96

  956
1,178
  367
   5
  25
  555
  4
 19
169
  3
47, 455
580
40,045
 12
 81
594
 18
  6
669
 25
351
 21
 23
 59

  6
  1
256
  8
110
 10

 55
 18
 15
 62
 95

  1
 54
  4
  1
 10
  1
  3
 54
 57
 20

 98
 950
 140
   1
  17
  58
 131
 133
  26
  87

 759
 977
 211
   1
  44
 416
   2
   7
  18
' 177
   2
46,339
561
205,014.
Cases.  Deaths
30,853
 10
 77
466
 10
  2
  2
  7
 28
315
 18
  7
 40

  9
  1
192
 18
 43
 15

 18
 16
 14
 33
 74

  3
 48
  6
  8
  5
  4
  77
  45
  12

  97
1,512
  153
    4
    8
  75
  172
  154
  22
  372

  596
  778
   99
    4
   42
  285
628
 15
 13
154
  5
37,036
682    34,189 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1804.
357
TABLE LVL—ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
	1863								1864.							
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
220,341.			206,669.		228,244.		247,591.		265,635.		216, 639.		205,041.		220,813.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	22,063	469	18,611	468	18,254	373	24, 882	506	29,136	469	23,717	319	33,129	588	335,652	5,951
50	7	9	5	6	7	6	10	8	6	4	6	4	8	6	82	78
51	83	3	68	3	95	2	161	6	134	5	70	1	89	2	1,115	36
52	438		503		435		544		653		425		619		6,889	
53	23		16	1	18	1	27	1	27		11	1	10	1	208	7
54	7	8	6	5	7	8	12	16	4	10	10	8	5	12	88	95
55	2	1	3	12	5	5	11	17	13	10	3	2	2	2	46	60
56	4	1	9	3	5	3	5	1	6		1	1	4	1	56	12
57	17	1	26	1	27		33		26		18		91		361	4
58	401		373	1	395		444		444		223		313		4,310	1
59	14	1	16	1	22		21	7	20	2	22	2	28	3	251	25
60 61									9 63	1 9	438 46	5 5	379 23	16 6	1,405 467	35 41
	43	2	19	2	29	3	34	5								
62	5		7		5		17		19		6		9		119	
63	6		6		4		6		4		3		9		47	
64	320		324		344		474		576		292		293		3,828	
65	10		24		9		22		19		13		4		140	
66	22		20		16		29		47		67		121		772	
67	10		20		7		13		14		15		9		147	
68 69	12														276	
	19		51		74		77		61		19		25		428	
70	13		13		21		28		42		23		30		232	
71	57		89		130		132		133		49		36		907	
72	102		90		51		29		29		9		8		791	
73	3		2	3	1		2	1	2		1		3		27	8
74	32	8	57	9	58	8	50	5	92	9	55	7	64	6	636	78
75	9		4		11	2	7	1	4	1	1	1	5	1	67	11
76 77	3 12	3	4 13	4	2 7	4	1 12						1 4	1 1	29 108	9 20
								3	24	2	1					
78 79	2				3		3	2	4 5	1	2 1	2	1 8	1	35 34	5 2
			3	1												
80	81		78		94		76		98		75		76		986	
81	35		37		47		48		65		45		35		618	
82	3		19	3	16	7	11	6	25	2	1		6	1	149	34
83	132	2	102	1	67	2	128	1	90		41	1	67		1,064	8
84	2,149		2,492	8	2,584	16	2,486	12	2,136	12	705	2	542	2	18,496	56
85	281	3	229	3	261	1	287	3	338	4	158	3	124	1	2,349	24
86 87	4 19		4 16	2	7 17		1 26		1 15				8 31		43 215	3 1
											19					
88	170	2	338	5	175	5	260	3	259	2	147	1	38	1	1,734	21
89	340	57	595	96	677	170	758	258	670	259	226	88	156	48	4,118	1,099
90	197	2	263	8	281	1	327	6	341	6	145	4	124	1	2,433	37
91	28		25	1	24	1	36	2	39	3	36	1	61	2	389	19
92	289	3	448	8	631	4	804.	39	800	2	112	3	72	3	3,990	69
93	463		309		288		316		436		467		681	1	6,707	2
94	763		818		893		1,144		1,334		762		1,049		11,658	4
95	44	2	17		21		28	1	30	2	80	1	287	2	1,582	16
96 97	6 30	1 1			1 16						3 9	1	2 10	2	25 273	5 14
			23	1		2	7	2	18	1						
98	313		259		269		317		288		243		271		3,842	1
99 100	3 5		1 4				2 6								9 64	
					4				5		1		1			
101	10		13		20		11		30		15		9		202	1
102	146	1	134		162		174		200		151	1	242		2,098	2
103	7	1	9		1		6		7		5		6	1	56	3
	29,257	581	26,615	656	26,601	624	34,347	912	38,841	816	28, 993	464	39,228	712	422,653	7,897
 
358
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE  LVL—ATLANTIC REGION-Concluded.
Year......................................
Month.....................................
Mean Strength, (not including Table LV).
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward.
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
104. Haemorrhage from Bowels.....
105. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
106. Inflammation of Stomach......
107. Inflammation of Bowels.......
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum...
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver ..
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
111. Jaundice.....................
112. Piles.........................
113. Other Diseases of this Order ...
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
114. Stone and Gravel............
115. Diabetes....................
116. Bright's Disease.............
117. Diseases of Prostate.......
118. Diseases of Testis...........
119. Inflammation of Kidneys---
120. Inflammation of Bladder.....
121. Incontinence of Urine.......
122. Hydrocele..................
123. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries......................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess.......
132. Boils.........
133. Carbuncle___
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
  CLASS V.—WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS,  AND
                    INJURIES.

      ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns...........................................
137. Contusions.......................................
138. Concussion of Brain..............................
139. Drowning.........................................
140. Sprains..........................................
141. Dislocation......................................
142. Simple Fractures................................
143. Compound Fractures.............................
144. Gunshot Wounds..................................
145. Incised Wounds..................................
146. Lacerated Wounds...............................
147. Punctured Wounds................................
148. Poisoning........................................,
149. Other Accidents and Injuries.......................

150. Order II.—Homicide............................
151.

152.
O RDER III.—Suicide..............

Order IV.—Execution of Sentence.

            Total..............
1863.
July.
203, 083.
Cases.  Deaths.
33,752
 16
242
 35
 47
  4
 49
 13
265
536
 90
  592
1,042
   94
  117
  218
457
   354
    20
    88
    70
11,818
   200
   121
    40
    60
    83
50,779
565
  9
799
  3
  2
1,434
August.
219,614.
Cases.
47, 455
 25
233
 46
 72
379
562
 80
1,229
2,255
  121
  369
  251
141
496
  5
338
 15
 38
  7
462
194
 44
 40
 84
 53
55,426
669
  2
  9
348
  2
  2
    2

    1

   10

1,097
September.
217,345.
Cases.
46,339
 16
306
 57
 37
 12
 64
 45
367
533
 76
  841
1,415
  81
  176
  129
 66
428
  9
349
 17
 39
 11
501
168
 45
 23
 34
 60
52,533
Deaths.
628
  2
136
  2
813
37,036
  5
392
 47
 15
  5
 58
 26
306
484
 44
552
864
 54
129
217
 73
365
  2
  323
   17
   44
    8
1,017
  184
   43
   29
   19
   49
42, 633
682
  2
  2
151
  1
  1
  1
  1
  1
34,189
 421
  12
  53
   6
1,282
 264
  66
  29
  11
  46
40,566 I  741 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 18G4.
359
TABLE LVL—ATLANTIC REGION-Concluded.
1803.									1864.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		MAY.		June.		Total.	
220,341.			206,669.		228,244.		247, "591.		265, 635.		216,639.		205, 041.		220,813.	
—	Cases.	Deaths. 581	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	29,257		26,615 (	656	26,601	624	34,347	912	38,841	816	28,993	464	39,228	712	422, 653	7,897
104	7		13	1	10		10	1	11	2	3		8	3	132	9
105	764		926	1	1,192		1,275	2	1,221	3	403	1	226	3	7,680	11
106	38	2	43	4	34	3	45		31	4	15	2	25		445	31
107	15	4	20	4	24	6	22	5	21	3	9	7	28	7	333	62
108	3	4	6	4	8	3	4	3	5	5	4	4	3	7	65	53
109	41	1	28	2	31	2	40	2	49	1	25		30	2	557	13
no	34	1	33	2	19	1	29	3	32	3	21		26		341	12
111	238	1	193		185	1	166		239	1	200	2	164	1	2,999	9
112	414		378		348		436		468		415		523	4	5,578	4
113	25		149	1	76	2	66	1	197		25		56	1	937	18
114	16		11		21		20		24		17		36		241	
115	11	1	6		8		5	1	11		3		5		70	2
116	20	1	20	3	16	1	14		17	1	7	1	10	1	178	13
117 118	3 11		2 15		1 20		9 46		4 67						29 295	1
											27		26			
119	39		45		69		58	3	57	1	33	1	40		634	11
120	14		24		21	1	21		31		13		13		229	1
121	34		30		43		63		45		21		27		457	
122	10		11		12		9		6		8		10		111	
123	14		36	2	15	3	19		17	1	5	2	8		180	11
124	6		6		4		8		15		7		5		81	
125	16		14		21	1	15		12		6		9		144	1
126	18		22		47		28		55	1	16		29		383	1
127	1		5		4		2		6		1		11		46	
128	12		18		8		5	1	23		5		15		149	2
129	10		10		10		15		12		7		6		100	
130	5		8		6		7		15		3		4		68	
131	711		477		558	1	616	1	649	2	291	1	275	4	7,442	11
132	1,057		859		823		927		1,089		671		802		12,714	
133	57		35		41		64		57		29		50		737	
134	175		194		191		275		214		126		117		2,241	
135	193		364		449		410		534		335		375		3,626	
136	134	1	106	1	104	1	131		144		73		62		1,229	4
137	565	1	548		690	2	732		706	3	578	3	524	2	6,490	16
138 139	4	1	7	9	2	1 5	4	4 2	7	5 7	10	3	3	4 8	63	24 73
140	555		477		540		658		801		347		335		5,498	
141	25		23		19		32		47		16		14		257	
142	44		42		50		56		82		35	2	50		621	6
143	7	3	6	2	7	2	14	2	11	3	84	43	46	18	277	98
144	189	110	140	31	992	54	188	37	227	23	25, 680	1,042	16,484	2,405	58,980	5,254
145	384	3	415	3	381	1	427	3	411	1	149	2	141	12	3,318	33
146	87		98		87	3	76	2	80	1	164	5	81		992	17
14V	50	1	18	2	27	1	43	2	79		30	1	39	2	447	11
148	11	4	6	2	8	1	7	2	13	1	42	1	49		344	17
149	45	12	133	7	120	7	60	6	44	5	67	20	37	31	797	115
150 151		2 3				2		1 2								13 24
				1						3		5		3		
152	35,369	4 741				3		1		10				1		34
																
			32,634	738	33,943	733	41,504	999	46, 727	906	59,019	1,617	60,055	3,231	551,188	13,912
 
 
SICKNESS, ETC.,  DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE  30, J864.
361
CENTRAL  REGION.
    The reports from troops in the Central Region are consolidated  into statistical tables
for nine departments, as follows:

    1. The Department of West Virginia      -
    2. The Northern Department   ---___
    3. The Department of the Ohio ---__.
    4. The Department of the Cumberland     -
    5. The Department of the Tennessee  -
    6. The Department of the Gulf       ---_._.
    7. The Department of the Northwest -
    8. The Department of the Missouri    -
    9. The Department of Arkansas      -
         To these tables are added—
   10. A table showing  the mortality in the general  hospitals of
         the Central Region   -------
   11. A consolidated table for the Central Region    -
Table	LVII.
Table	LVIII.
Table	LIX.
Table	LX.
Table	LXI.
Table	LXII.
Table	LXIII.
Table	LXIV.
Table	LXV.
Table	LXVI.
Table	LXVII.
             1. The  Department  of West Virginia—Table LVII.

    This table embraces for July the reports from troops in the  State of West Virginia
and in Maryland west of Hancock; subsequently the reports from West Virginia  and
Maryland west of the Monocacy.
    The boundaries for July are those fixed by General Orders No. 186, June 24, 1863.
(See remarks  on  Table  XXXIV.)   They were  extended by General Orders  No. 266,
August 3, 1863, to include all of the State of Maryland west of the Monocacy,  and that
part of Virginia in the vicinity of  Harper's Ferry.
    General F.  Sigel was assigned to command  February 29,  1864, and  General D.
Hunter May 19,  1864.
    -The most important  movements during the year were the advance of General Sigel
up the Shenandoah valley in  May, and the movement of General  Hunter against Lynch-
burg in June.
                2. The Northern Department—Table LVIII.

   As for the previous year this  designation is  here applied to the region north of the
Unio and east of the Mississippi river, comprising  the States of  Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,
          46 
3G2
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
Michigan, and Wisconsin.   The  department was  created by  General  Orders, No.  17
January 12, 1864, to consist of the above States, excepting the State of Wisconsin, which
officially formed part of the Department of  the Northwest, General S. P. Heintzelman was
placed in command.

                 3. The  Department of  the Ohio—Table LIX.

     This table embraces, the reports received from  troops in Kentucky east of the Ten-
nessee river, and from the Army of the Ohio  in East  Tennessee.   The boundaries are
those fixed  by General  Orders, No. 369, November 16, 1863, by which the department
was  declared to  consist of  the State of Kentucky east of the  Tennessee river, and such
parts of the State of Tennessee as might be occupied by the troops of that army.
     In August, 1863, General A. E. Burnside moved with the Army of the Ohio into
East Tennessee, occupying Knoxville September 1st.
     In November, Knoxville was besieged  by a rebel  force under  General Longstreet,
who  arrived before the place November 17th.  The  siege was raised December 4th on the
arrival of a force from the Armies of the Tennessee and  the Cumberland, under command
of General Sherman.
     November 16th General J. G. Foster was  assigned to the command of this depart-
ment, and January 28, 1864, General J. M. Schofield.
     The Army of the Ohio, or Twenty-third  Army Corps, subsequently moved southward,
formed a junction, during April,  with the Armies of the Cumberland and  the Tennessee,
and accompanied them in the campaign against Atlanta.
     The term Department  of the Ohio was understood to embrace this Army of the Ohio,
as well as the garrisons and detachments left in  portions of  Kentucky and Tennessee
embraced within the boundaries above indicated.   The Ninth  Corps is consolidated with
this table from August to March, inclusive; during April, May, and Jane, it is consolidated
with the Army of the Potomac.

              4. The Department of the Cumberland—Table LX.

     This table includes  the reports from troops in Tennessee east of the Tennessee river,
and west of the Cumberland mountains, and from the Army of the Cumberland.
     The Army of the Cumberland, under General W. S. Rosecrans, had occupied Chatta-
nooga and advanced  into Georgia, when the  battle  of Chickamauga,  September 19th and
20th, compelled its retreat to Chattanooga.
     On the 24th of September the Eleventh  and Twelfth Army Corps were detached from
the Army of the Potomac  and sent to reinforce the Army of  the Cumberland.   October
16,1863, the Military Division of the Mississippi was created by General Orders No. 33/, 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1864.
363
to consist of the Departments of the Ohio, the Cumberland, and the Tennessee; General
U. S. Grant was placed in command.   The same  order assigned General G. H. Thomas
to the command of the Army of the Cumberland.
    General Sherman with a part of the Army of the Tennessee was now brought across
to form a junction with the Army  of the Cumberland, and  the combined force fought the
battle of Chattanooga, November 23d, 24th, and 25th.
    After the battle of Chattanooga General  Sherman was sent with a force to the relief
of  Knoxville,  as already mentioned.   The siege  of  that  place having  been raised  he
returned to his position on the right of the Army of the Cumberland.
    March  12, 1864, General Grant was assigned  to  the command of  the Armies of the
United States, and General W. T. Sherman to the command of the Military Division of
the Mississippi, wliich was extended to embrace  the Department of Arkansas.  May 7th
the Department of Arkansas was transferred to the Military Division of West Mississippi.
    At  the beginning of May the Army of the Cumberland lay in the  neighborhood of
Ringgold, Georgia; the Army of the Tennessee, under  General McPherson, was a few miles
to the right, while the Army of the Ohio, under General Schofield, had  been brought from
East Tennessee and lay a short distance to the left.
    Simultaneously with the movement of the Army of the Potomac  these armies also
moved and made the campaign which resulted in the occupation of Atlanta September 2d.
    The close of the year  represented in the table finds the  combined  army  in the
neighborhood of Kenesaw mountain.   The most important engagements  up  to this time
had been the  battle of Resaca, May 14th and 15th,  the battles around Dallas, and the
battles in the neighborhood of Kenesaw mountain, including the assaults of June 27th.

              5.  The Department of the Tennessee—Table  LXI.

    The boundaries of the Department of the Tennessee continue the same as during the
previous years; portions ol the _\rmy of the Tennessee  were, however, moved long distances
beyond these boundaries during the year.
    The first  of July, 1863, found the Army of the Tennessee, under General U. S. Grant,
engaged in  the siege of Vicksburg, which surrendered July 4th.   After the  fall of that
place a portion of the troops were  transferred to other departments.  During the latter
part of July General Steele  was  detached on the Arkansas expedition; August  3d the
Ninth Corps  commenced  leaving  for the Department of the  Ohio;  August 10th the
Thirteenth Corps began to embark for the Department of the Gulf, with which its  reports
are consolidated for September and subsequent months.
    Early in October General Sherman, with the Fifteenth  Corps, which had  been brought
on transports to Memphis, marched eastward  and effected  a junction  with  the  Army of
the Cumberland, 
364
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
     After the Military  Division of the Mississippi was  created, October 16th, General
 Sherman, who was now placed in command of the Department of the Tennessee, continue!
 his march, arriving in time to participate in the battles before Chattanooga, November 23d
 24th, and  25th, and subsequently moved to the relief of Knoxville, returning during the
 month of December to Northern Alabama.
     March 12, 1864, General J. B. McPherson was assigned to the command of  the
 department—General Sherman being placed in command  of the Military Division of  the
 Mississippi.
     Towards the close of April the  Seventeenth Corps was sent from Vicksburg on trans-
 ports, by way of Cairo,  to join  the Fifteenth  Corps on  the right of the Army of  the
 Cumberland.  The Army of the Tennessee, as this force was designated,  accompanied  the
 Armies of the  Cumberland and the Ohio on the  campaign against Atlanta, as already
 stated.   (See remarks on Table LX.)

                 6.  The Department of the Gulf—Table LXII.

     The boundaries of this department remain unchanged.
     The beginning of the year represented in this table found General Banks still engaged
 in the siege of Port Hudson, which surrendered July 8th.  During August the Thirteenth
 Corps  was  transferred from the Department  of  the Tennessee.   September 4th the
 expedition to Sabine Pass under  General Franklin set out from New Orleans. October
 26th a force was sent from New Orleans to Brownsville, Texas,  occupying that  place
 November 6th.
     In March General Banks made  an expedition to Alexandria, and thence up the Red
 river; a force from the Department of the Tennessee, under General A. J. Smith, being
 sent on transports up the Red river  with the fleet  to  cooperate.  After  the  engagement
 near Sabine Cross-roads, April 8th, and'that near Pleasant  Hill, April 9th, the expedition
 retired,  General Banks returning to New Orleans and General Smith to Vicksburg.

              7.  The  Department of the  Northwest—Table LXIII.

     As during previous years this table embraces the reports received from troops within
the States  of Iowa and  Minnesota  and the Territories  of Nebraska and Dakota.   The
most important military  event was  the Indian expedition of Generals Sibley and  Sully
during  the summer of 1863.

               8.  The Department  of  the Missouri—Table LXIV.

     This table embraces  the reports received from troops  within the limits of the States
 of Missouri and Kansas.   The reports from troops in  the neighborhood of  Fort Smith, 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30,  I8C4.
365
Arkansas, and the adjacent Indian Territory for the month of July, 1863, are also embraced;
but for August and subsequent months they are  consolidated with the Department of
Arkansas.
    Officially the limits of the department continued as fixed by General Orders No. 155,
(see remarks on Table XLI,) until January 1, 1864, when the Department of Kansas was
created by General Orders  No. 1,  to consist of the State of Kansas, the Territories of
Nebraska and Colorado, and the  Indian Territory, including the  military post of  Fort
Smith.
    January 22,  1864,  General W. S.  Rosecrans was  assigned to the command of the
Department of the Missouri.

                9.  The Department of Arkansas—Table LXV.

    This table embraces, after the month of July, 1863, the reports from troops in the
State of Arkansas and Indian Territory.   The Department was created by General Orders
No. 14, January 6, 1864, to consist of the State of  Arkansas, except the military post of
Fort Smith; General F.  Steele was assigned to command.
    April 17,1864, the  Indian Territory and the military post of Fort Smith were added.
The boundaries thus established are those employed for  the table.
    After the fall of Vicksburg an expedition under General Steele was organized, which
occupied Little Rock September 10th.   This expedition  and the troops at  Helena belonged
officially to  the  Department  of the Tennessee  until the  Department of Arkansas  was
created by General Orders  No.  14.
    General  Orders  No. 192,  May 7, 1864, united  the  Departments of  Arkansas and
of the Gulf into the Military Division of West Mississippi, General  E. R. S. Canby to
command.  In these tables, however, the departments have been kept separate. 
366
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE LVII.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					iftfta				-----__	
	—. _/vy _..									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVE	
										-BEH.
	17,137.		25,296.		24,801.		26,058.		27,	
										587.
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Caseg. 67 19 33	Deathi. 5 1
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	78	1	138 1 115	16	102	6	130	7		
										
	4				49	1	59	1		
										
	33 169 6		151 132 189		122 146 165 2 6 483 76 177 33 8	1 2	120 230 233 2	3	85 109 148 2 3 379 38 127 12 17 1 4	1 2
										
										
										
9. Congestive Intermittent Fever.......................			1 753 99 288 52 12 4	1 2						
	325 68 159 31 8 1 3	1 2 1					551 62 146 22 13 1	3 1 1		
										
										
										
										
										
					4 3 11 11 32 7 63 128 11 1 1					
										
	8 1 13 14 33 54 10		9 2 1 50 86 155 15	1		........	14 4 124 2 44 93 13 2 9	1	10 4 298 15 44 66 G	
										
										
21. Other Diseases of this Order...............										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis.................................										
										
24. Orchitis...........................										
25. Stricture of the Urethra.............										
26. Purulent Ophthalmia................	5		1						2	
27. Serpent Bite........................										
28. Other Diseases of this Order............	1 10									
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy...........................			10 1 3 6 4				2			
					1				1 1 2	1
31. Delirium Tremens.................	3									
					1		1			
										
34. Other Diseases of this Order............									........	
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout............................										
	58 32 29		95 85 44		67 71 5 7		85 82 5 1 1 1 1 8 5		65 76 19 2	
37. Chronic Rheumatism...............										
										
										
			3 2							
									'" i !.	
42. Other Diseases of this Order...........										.
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 43. Consumption................	2 4 1 3		6 6		7 9				7 4	1
44. Scrofula............										
45. Other Diseases of this Order......										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch........			26						1	
47. Tape-worm.......				........ 31			26 1 3 1		43	
			2							
49. Other Diseases of this Order					_					1
Carried forward .								---	1,713	__U_
	1,194	5	2,547	20	1,843	10				
							2,097 I			
---—------___										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
367
            TABLE LVII.



of the Department of  Western  Virginia.
																
IW3									1864.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		total.	
30,385			25,377.		34,403.		31,405.		26,142.		36,802.		20,073.		27,122.	
	Ca6es.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. | Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	49	7	72	10	27	1	32	6	49	15	46	9	22		812	83
2	1	1		1	1		1	1	1	1	2	1	4		30	6
3 4 5	34		8		7		17		14		31		18		389	2
	47	1	62		34		70	1	86		135		45		985	5
6	40		86	1	48		113		175		276		93		1,481	1
7	82		79		67		109		87		166		81		1,575	
8	8		5		17		5		8		6		6		67	
9 10	0 225		1 282	........	2 254				2 421		5 1,036	3	1 1,324		23 6,270	4 2
							237									
11	37	1	33	1	36		44	1	55	1	50	1	103	1	701	8
12	56		53		69	1	75		91	2	208		127		1,576	12
13	9		14	1	7		11		6		8		21	1	226	2
14	22		13		21		24	1	17		19		6		180	1
15	12		28 7		17	3	22	4	15	2	16	4	5		122	22
16 17			10 ........ 3 ........		73 3	1	345 1	2	296	2	201	1	44		980 11	6
	1															
18	12		18 , 1		23		23		30		15		2		175	2
19	6		6 ........		43		176		137		76		19		485	
20	178		107 ........		121		359		195		62		10		1,500	
21	30		52 '........		10	1	19		17	1	73	1	21		310	3
22'	60		1 72 ........		71		93		91		95		43		795	1
23	93		99 ........		84		137		132		122		25		1,1.8	
24	8		10 !........		19		12		18		9		3		134	
25 26 27 28 29	1 5		1 '........		1				1 3		6 4 1		3 o		16 40 2 5 58	
							8	......^1								
			1 3 6													
	1 2															
					4		8		7		7		2			
30 31 32 33 34	2 3 4				1 3 7					1					6 28 38 15 1	1 3 2 1
		1 1	3			1	1		8 9 6 1		3 5			1		
													3			
				1			5									
																
35 36							1 108								1 1,039	
	95		110		74				105		101		76			
37	80		67		112		69		64		103		27		868	
38	6		10		10		10		18		12	1	5		173	1
39 40 41 43	2														12 5 9 38	
			1													
									1		3 3		1 28			
			3 4		1 3		1 13									
43	2								9	1	12	1		1	73	4
44	8		3		8	1	15		9		8		1		80	1
45 46															1 497	
	61		61		43		49		50		70		34			
47 48 ■19	1 3														2 26 1	
			1				5		2		1		3			
																
	1,288	12														
			1,387	23	1,321	9	2,218	16	2,237	26	2,996	22	2,208	4	23,049	173
 
368
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LVII.—DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA—Continued.
					18<>3					___1
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		Note	
										-BER.
	17,137.		25,296.		24,801.		26,058.			
									27,587.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deatlu. U
	1,194	5	2,547	20	1,843 1 7 94 1 2	10 1	2,097	15	1,713	
. CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	1 62		5 144 3 2	1			10 60 1		8 59 1 1	
										
										
	2									
										
			3 7 32 1 24 1		1 2 41 1 2		3 4 51 1		1 7 50 1	
	2 21									
										
										
	5									
									0	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	24		79 3 7 4		52		45 2 1		45 2 3	
										
	1				3					
										
Order 111.—Diseases of Ear.	4 1				14 3 1 3		11 2 1 2		7 4	
			2							
70. Deafness............................................										
			6 23						6	
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	2		6 2		1		3 2 1 2		3	1
										
										
			6 1						2 1	
										
										
	5 6		17 13		9 2 2 3 48 14 1 4 14 12 17 3 17 51 65 25		7 5		2 4	
										
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs. 83. Asthma.............................................	2 15 2		8 37 15				10 115 26		8 135 23	
										
										
										
	2 6 17 14 3 8 34 55 20	1	1 5 20 12 2 9 73 89 61	2		s	1 10 16 32 5 43 35 51 6	1 1	2 18 24 42 3 22 23 79 6	1 1
										
										
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic............................................ .										i
										
										
										
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Diseaso.......................	2 12				6 17		5 18		4 23	
98. Dyspepsia..........................			28							
								|		
100. Diseases of Spleen___	1						2			
101. Fistula in Ano.......			1 7		1 14 1					
102. Hernia......	5						23 1........ 15			
103. Hasmorrhage from Stomach										
Carried forward___										___
	1,528	6	3,306	23	2,398	11	2,709		l 2,349	14
.---------__--										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
369
TABLE LVII.—DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA—Continued.
	1863	ER.	180 I.													
DECEMB			January.		February.		March.		April.		May. June.				Total.	
30,385			25,377.		34, 403.		31,405.		26,142.		36,802.		20,073.		27,122.	
1 Cases.		Deaths. 12	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	1,288		1,387	23	1,321	9	2,218	16	2,237 1 5 88 1	26 1	2,996	22	2,208	4	23,049 2 68 941 18 10 7 12 44 528 11 71 9 3 3 622 14 71 7 47 48 12 65 93	173 2 1 1 2 5
	3 70		6 25 5		3 53		5 77 1 2	1			10 139 3	1	5 70 2			
				1	1											
	1	1							1 1 3 53 1	1	4	3	1			
					1 2 46		2 8 54									
	6 37 2		1 55 1 4 1								2 58 1 13					
													30 2 22 1			
							1									
	2				1 1				1							
							1				1 2 71 o 22					
									1 61							
	27 1 1		42		69 1 5		71 2 1 2						36 1 14			
			3 1						10							
	11 7															
			3		4 1 9 18		2 2 7 29		3 2 18 7		12 4 5 2		5 1			
	4		5 14													
																
																
	8				2	1	7		4 1	1	4		4		44 5 1 20 5	3 3
																
																
					3 2		4	2	1		2	1				
			1													
																
	6 4 1 10 135 48		5 3		6 1		12 3		8 6		6 15		6		89 62 3 81 1,519 305 29 242 440 331 61 351 524 894 185	1 47 4 3 5
																
			11 295 22		8 232 12	1	8 222 94		6 163 31		5 94 14 1 4 15 75 38 10 31 75 153 19		2 28 4			
			2 37 45 34 4 79 25 61 5	1	4 57 60 42 8 35 27 72 4	4	1 39 81 40 5 42 36 105 2	13 1 1	4 13 59 32 11 18 28 61 6	11 3 1 3		10	4 1 4 8 2 1 97 53 25	3		
	27 27 20 5 46 20 50 6	1														
	2 16				2 17		7 29		2 13		3 52				247	
			11										11			
						...	1 2 13 1								4 17 168 5	1
	2 8		2 17 1		1 16	1			3 18		2 25 1		3 7 j 1			
																
	1,901	14	2,213	25	2,147	16	3,239	34	2,982	47	3,991	37	2,659	7	31,422	251
47 
370
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LVII.—DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA—Concluded.
					LSI	;;{				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									November !	
	17,137.		25,296.		24,801.		26,058.			
									27,587.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases. | Deaths. 1		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 2,349	Deathi. 14
	1,528	6	3,306	23	2,398 1 28 4 3 o 1 9 34 33 4 1	11	2,709 1 68 2 3	17		
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	20		45 2 1						71 1	
										
	1									
										
							12 3 59 51 4L	1 1	1 6 29 37 13 1	
	6 15 28		2 12 36 12 2	v-.......						
										
										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.	1 1									
							2 1			
									2	
	!									
					2 15 1				3 4 1 1	
	4		8 1 1 1 2	1		1	6			
										
	2						2 6			
										
									1 1 2 1 1	
Ouder VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.					1					
	1		1 6	-						
	1				1		1			
										
			1 1		2 1		3			
									1	
										
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	20 24 5 4 1		49 52 6 3 18 7 27		40 44		71 72 2 9 23 8 40		39 41 3 8 27 5 27 2	
132. Boils.....................................:...										
										
134. Whitlow................................					7 21 1 39 1					
										
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
	46 ...									
	1									
				2				2 12		
	23 2		28 2 4 1 143 5 8		18 1 4		57 3 7 2 47 26 2		33 2 6 1 113 7 1 3	1
										
	4 ........									
										
	54 7 5 2	9 1		12 1	39 9 2 o 2 1	10				
										
										
										
148. Poisoning..........................	1 3		2	1						
149. Other Accidents and Injuries............							2			..'
150. Order II.—Homicide___		1								!
										
152. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence	i									l
Total...........										
			3,795	40	2,772	22	3,343	33	2,844	24
	'									
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1864.
TABLE LVII.—DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA—Concluded.
	1863.						180-1.									
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
30,385.			25, 377.		34,403.		31,405.		26,142.		36,802.		20,073.		27,122.	
	Cases, j Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths	Cases	Deaths-	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
104 105 106 107 108 109 110 HI 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 197 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152	1,901	14	2,213 1 74 5 3	25 1	2,147 2 76 4 1 1 2 7 9 33 2 3	16 1	3,239 1 125 3	34	2,982 1 135 11 1 1 3 3 20 42 2 4 1	47	3,991 1 79 7 5	37	2,659 3 22	7	31,422 11 840 41 20 5 40 61 243 486 111 22 6 6 4 21 76 12 31 10 11 3 11 29 2 24 10 5 411 612 51 126 302 69 477 7	251 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 22 3 97 3 1 3 9 1 2 3
	97 2 1															
												1 1	1 1 1 1 7 46 4 1			
																
	6 2 13 33 19 2		1				10 13 18 42 1 4				3 9 22 71 12 3 1 1 1 5 4 2 6 1					
			5 34 1													
			1 1													
	1															
									3 6 10 1 5							
	2 1						3 11 2 5 1 3 1									
			3 1 2		4								4 3 1			
	3				3 1											
	2		2						1					1		
																
	5 4		1 1		1 4 1 4 1 1 24 62 6 9 28 11 26						1 2					
							4		4							
																
	o		1 1 1 35 53 8 19 22 6 30				8 3		2				1 1 3 14 31			
											1					
																
	23 32 3 6 13 3 55 37 1 7	1 7					25 87 9 25 57 10 40		30 66 8 19 37 2 33		41 48 1 13 40 6 90 3 77 1 6 6 921 17 5 4 1 23					
												1	4 15 10 24			
						2				1		6	32	2		
			66		60 4 7 2 44 9 7 1 3 15		68 3		44 3 3						543 22 51 38 2,262 146 58 23 26 259	
			1 5 61 20 4 4 2 100	8 1								10 1 2	2 20 749 8 19 2 4 23	1 4 1		
						6 3 1	1 38 13 4 2	2 12								
	35 15	3							18 10 1	3						
	3															
									11							
	86	1					6	2								
																
										1		1 1				
				1												
	.__															
	2,415	26	2,788	36	2,625	29	3,885	50	3,523	52	5,531	61	3,716	16	39,046	406
 
372
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE LVIII.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					"I ««Q					
M ONTH...................................	■LWUUl									
	July. August.				September.		October.		NOVEHBEB. 5,949.	
Mean Strength............................										
	6,550.		6,733.		6,787.		6,044.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	; Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	2	2	7		14		9	4	7 3 10	3 .... 2
2. Typhus Fever...............................										
3. Typho-Malarial Fever.........................	1		2	2	1					
										
5. Remittent Fever.......................	68 71 100 17		271 223 356 6 1 1,000 25 320 5 17 5	2 4 3 1	152 276 502 9 2 210 409 19 144 7 2	1 1 3	65 287 243 12 1 275 138 25 6 8 8 7	2 1 3 1	78 226 169 16 6 293 120 36 10 22 9 43	1
										
7. Tertian Intermittent Fever.................										
8. Quartan Intermittent Fever...............										
9. Congestive Intermittent Fever.............										3 1 1 1
10. Acute Diarrhoea..................	42.j 40 100 15 5 5	1								
11. Chronic Diarrhoea.................										
12. Acute Dysentery...............										
13. Chronic Dysentery...................										
14. Erysipelas.........................										
15. Small-pox and Varioloid.................										
16. Measles...........................										
17. Scarlet Fever...................										
18. Diphtheria....................	1 7 62 18 9 34 9				1 13 48 3 70 54 5	1	6 42 130 31 75 112		1 5 171 70 23 42	
19. Mumps...............			17 65 1 15 39 3 1							
20. Epidemic Catarrh..........										
21. Other Diseases of this Order.............										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis....................										
23. Gonorrhoea..................										........|
24. Orchitis.....................										
25. Stricture of the Urethra...........										
26. Purulent Ophthalmia..............					3		6		2	
27. Serpent Bite.................										
28. Other Diseases of this Order............										
ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.................	3 1				1				1	
							1			
31. Delirium Tremens.............			1 7 3 1	1	1				1	
32. Inebriation......................	1									
33. Chronic Alcoholism.............							1		1	
34. Other Diseases of this Order............										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout..........................										
	22 16 2		55 10 2		37 17 8		72 38		66 32 22 I	
37. Chronic Rheumatism..................										
										
										
										
41. Tumors........................									2	
42. Other Diseases of this Order.............	1 7 8									
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 43. Consumption................			12 5	1	6 2		7 15		12 10	
44. Scrofula...............										
45. Other Diseases of this Order.......										
CLASS III. —PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch.........	5		14		24		48		80	
47. Tape-worm.......										
48. Other Intestinal Worms										
49. Other Diseases of this Order										
							........I			10
Carried forward...	1,055	3	2,489	14	2,040	6	1,668	11	1,590	
----------------										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864
373
      TABLE LYIII.



of the Northern Department.
1863									1864.							
December. 7,721.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			21,869.		22, 649.		30,135.		24,834.		17,268.		19,527.		14,672.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases, j	Deaths.	Cases. ! i	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	11	2	69	10	20	5	54	14	35	6	26	2	38	4	292	51
2	1	1	2		5	5	8	3	3	1	1	1	4	1	27	12
3 4 5		1	12	1	3		33	3	12	1	6		24		104	10
	55		114		137		234	4	270		134	1	167		1,745	9
6	122		178		321		213		271		195		127		2,510	
7	125		301		231	1	311		373		189		210		3,110	1
8	18		242		50		34		42		35		20		501	
9	3		64	1	10	2	3	2	7	6	8	1	7	1	112	17
10	194		318	1	531		356	3	395		609		758	4	5,364	10
11	119		287	3	68	2	96	7	84	1	39	1	59		1,484	21
12	15		54	3	50		35	1	42		174		77	1	947	8
13	11		81				4	1	2		1	1			279	2
14	15	1	60		47	3	145	6	109	7	47	1	31		513	19
15	4	2	56	5	64	19	132	23	87	13	14	2	10		394	71
16	19	3	208	1	443	14	995	26	251	10	54	4	138	3	2,160	62
17 18			1 44	1	3 24	1	11 34	1 3	5 25				........		20 168	6
	11									1	8		13			
19	4		246		204	1	350	1	267		54		41		1,250	2
20	185		621		560		572		391	1	107		110		3,022	1
21	97		11		16		16	2	38		31		46		378	2
22	19		162		75		90		107		59		61		765	
23	61		330		197		289		216		89		117		1,580	
24	11		33		24		22		16		13		12		148	
25 26 27 28 29 30 31			5		2 1		5 21		3 17		1 25				17 92	
	5												12			
																
							10 2	1							10 14 4 99	1 1 8
	2				1	1 5			1 1 19				3			
										1	1 11					
	3		8		17		22	1					16			
	5						33	2	33				5		96	2
33			23		2		30		8						68	
34					1										2	
35 36							1 149								1 1,008	1
	104		113		94			1	135		74		87			
37	35		41		88		79	1	94	1	83		82		615	2
38	19		28		39		26		16		17		13		102	
39 40 41	4														5 1 11	
											1 1					
	1		1		3 1 13		2									
42 43															2 133	17
	8	3	14	2		3	12	2	14	6	13	1	15			
44	1		16		5		3	1	12		4		3		84	O
45 46			1				12 146								12 874	
	19		, 129		155				164		54		36			
47 48 49													1		1 12	
	l						3		9							
																
	_ i														!	
	1,206	13	3,883	28	3,506	62	4,593	109	3,575	55	2,178	15	2,343	14	30,226	340
 
374
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LVIII.—NORTHERN DEPARTMENT—Continued.
-«_:..............................................	1803.									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November. 5,949. Cases. Death*	
										
	6,550.		6, 733.		6,787.		6,044.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 11		
	1,055	3	2,489	14 1	2,040	6	1,668		1,590 1	10
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	2 45 3				2 22		6 15 1			
		1	22 4						27	
										
									1	2
										
	1		4 2 66		1 3 54		2 5 35		1 16 31	
										
	39 1									
										
					2		1			
	2 1									
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	39 1		66		45		68		66	
										
					1 1					
			1 7							
ORDER III.—Diseases of Ear.							5			
					5				2	
										
71. Otorrhcea...........................................	1 1		7 11		8 9		4		1 3	
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	4		2				1		1	
										
	1 1		2						1 5	
					2 1		1			
										
										
	1				4 2				1	
			2							
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.	1 10 2 2		3 92 6		7 62 3		5 94 20		27 55 2	
										
										
86. Dropsy of Chest....................................										
					1 13 16 3 1 4 32 41 7					
	4 9 16 5		5 15 22 4	1		1	18 33 13 3	1	16 60 11 4	8
										
										
										
92. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic..............................................	9 47 14		60 68 13				18 25 3		15 62 5	
										
95. Cholera Morbus.....................................										
										
	2 35		1 11	1	1 8		5 19	1		
98. Dyspepsia....................................									10	
										
100. Diseases of Spleen					5				1	
										
102. Hernia.....	5 1		7		9		7		,19 1	20
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach .										
										
Carried forward..........	1,360	4	2,992	17	2,415	7	2,075	13	2,035	
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
375
TABLE LVIII.—NORTHERN DEPARTMENT—Continued.
1803.									1804.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
7,721.			21,869.		22	649.	30,135.		24,834.		17, 268.		19, 527.		14, 672.	
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,306	13	3,883 2 18 79 1 4	28 1	3,506 1 9 63 2 7 1 7 21 61 4	62 2 1 4 7 1 2	4,593 2 13 73 I 3 6 6 33 71 4	109 • 2 3 4 4	3,575	55	2,178	15	2,343 1 16 68 1 1 8 3 3 57 5 2 7 4 3 91 2 1	14 1	30,226 7 92 503 18 18 21 31 118 699 23 6 17 14 7 1,064 23 5 8 21 50 40 139 108 1 64 3 7 23 10	340 6 1 10 16 6 3 1 1 2
	3 10								8 50 1 1 6 1 24 84 4	4	15 29 4 1					
																
																
	3 o 55 2		o 6 91 1	1												
											3 55 2 1 3 1 1 92	1				
	2		1 6 o 141 7		3		1									
																
					1 160 4											
	65 6						122 3		109							
											3					
			6													
	9															
			1 6 27 46 1 4		8 3 15 13		12 6 34 18		12 10 16 1		1 6 12 3		9 8 6			
	1 8 3															
																
	1			1	3		5 1		5		18		20 2 o 3 4			
					1 1											
	1						5 1	1 1			4 2					
			1	1					1							
																
	2		12 1		9 1		27 11 1 5 384 4		28 5		9 17		6 5		99 44 1 83 1,471 225 3 21 212 1,640 407 89 77 391 1,404 91	3 1 1 256 4 1 1
																
			12 174 31		4 313 102	1 1		2	5 99 25		9 58 4		5 53 8			
	77 18 1															
			5 24 368 63 22 9 64 145 2	8	3 17 247 69 12 '7 41 166 3	56 1 1	6 52 504 86 16 13 33 311 4	108 2 1	5 25 179 58 8 41 32 169 6	40	1 18 88 20 8 3 52 96 17					
	13 50 10 1	5										20 1	7 71 30 5	8		
	8 85 2												27 189 15			
			4 75		5 34				4 34		10 39		2 51		34 433	2
	38						79									
			6 2 22		1 1 22		3 7 21								16 2'J 220 5	1
								1	7 38		1 36		4 26			
	8 3															
	1,799	18	5,377	40	4,951	139	6,580	238	4,676	99	2,920	37	3,174	23	40,354	655
 
376                 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LVIII.—NORTHERN DEPARTMENT—Concluded.
					l«tt:3		-			
	■"■w1-"-"									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		--	----_
									November. 5,949.	
	6,550.		6,733.		6,787.		6,044.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 2,035	Death* 20
	1,360 2 11 o	4	2,992 3 5 2 4	17	2,415	7	2,075	13		
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
				1	24 9 1		25 6		63 7 1 3 9 7 64 11	1
										
										
	4 3 5 11		8 1 45 23		6 2 43 14		6 12 79 23	1		
										
										
112. Piles..............................................										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.	1		2 2 2		2		3 1 1		6	
										
										
										
118. Diseases of Testis................................										
	5		8 7		7 1		9 7 5		7 7 3	
120. Inflammation of Bladder.........................										
121. Incontinence of Urine......................										
122. Hydrocele.................................	1		2							
123. Other Diseases of this Order.................										
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.									3	
										
126. Inflammation of Joints...........	1		8		4		3			
127. Inflammation of Bones..........										
128. Inflammation of Periosteum.......			1		1				2	
	1									
130. Other Diseases of this Order...........										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	12 7 4 3 9 1 6		7 42 3 6 15 1 34		21 33 8 4 1 9 24		48 13 4 3		23 29 1 23 16 2 5	
132. Boils........................ .										
133. Carbuncle......................										
134. Whitlow....................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 136. Burns........................										
							4 7			
										
138. Concussion of Brain............										
		2								
	5 3		18 2 1		12 1 2		15		19 1 2	
										
142. Simple Fractures............										
										
143. Compound Fractures..............										
144. Gunshot Wounds...............	24 1	1	10 5 1		30 1 3				2	
145. Incised Wounds................										
							2			
146. Lacerated Wounds...........										
147. Punctured Wounds..........									1	
118. Poisoning............										
149. Other Accidents and Injuries___						3				
150. Order II.—Homicide ..		1			«					
151. Order III.—Suicide					-	1 1				
152. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence										
										
Total.......	1,482	8	3,260	18	2,678	12	2,351	14	2,352	21
-------------------										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.                    377
TABLE LVIH.-NORTHERN DEPARTMENT—Concluded.
	18GS		1804.													
December.			January.		February.		March. April.				May.		June.		Total.	
7,721.			21,869.		22,649.		30,135.		24,834.		17,208.		19, 527.		14,672.	
~~T	Cases.	Deaths. 18	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138	1,799		5,377	40	4,951	139	6,580	238	4,676	99	2,920	37	3,174	23	40,354 5 1,046 122 33 24 190 66 381 289 31 43 15 14 1 7 107 53 53 14 4 13 5 28	655 9 4 3 1 1 1
	67 3		115 19 7 1 29 4 30 42 18 7 1	4	170 22 4 9 51 12 22 31 10 10 7 6 1	1 1 1	307 1!) 8 B 14 7 24 51	2	155 7 3 1 13 7 24 33	1 2	48 15	1	56 11 5 1 21 7 9 23	1 1		
											1 24 4 15 17 3 2					
	5															
	21 10															
	3						2 3		4				1 1 2			
									3							
																
							7 9 7 13 1									
	10		13 9 20 4 1 4 4		6 10 7			1	17 1 4 1		11 1		5 3			
	1															
											3 1 1		2			
					2											
									4				1 1 3			
																
	2				5						2					
																
	3 1		4 1		4 1										15 8	
									1		1		2			
																
	15 24 6 6 115 9 21		39 71 15 9 -49 33 57 2		26 69 12 93 25 54		35 71 9 12 57 22 40 1		48 72 13 11 90 7 51 2		13 32 5		22 42 8 5 48 6 31 1	1	309 505 88 91 525 122 366 6	4 7 1 5 1 2 2
											32 3 36					
139						1										
140 141	13		51 9 5		45 11 7 1 46 18 1 4 1 9		52 1 7		46 2 5		30 3 3		35 2 4		341 35 40 1 428 89 36 15 2 162	
142 143	4															
144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152	6 2 2	1	9 18 5 o			1	34 13 6	1	23 11 7 4	1	31 9 7 2		213 9 4 o 1 9	2 1 1		
																
			138				4			1	2					
																
										1						
				1												
__	2,148	19	6,222													
				45	5,772	144	7,424	242	5,346	105	3,277	38	3,770	30	46,082	69C
48 
378
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
            TABLE LIX.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1803.					
Month..........................................										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		Novi	
Mean Strength...........................										MBER.
	23,134.		37, 684.		39, 942.		44, 669.			
									41,112.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death). 13
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	41	4	110 2 204	11	90	14	65	14	92	
										
3. Typho-Malarial Fever...........................	20	3		18	49	5	43	4	88	5
	183 226 144 10		629 975 760 97 58 1,960 236 411 96 19 1 16	4 13 3 ]	460 619 657 51 14 1,609 142 356 19 17 2 215	7 1 4 1 2 2	306 514 558 36 11 1,511 192 402 29 29 1 358	1 1 2 3 2	215 419 347 47 3 1,025 157 215 22 28 12 68	1 1 6 1 o 1 o 1
7. Tertian Intermittent Fever.................										
										
9. Congestive Intermittent Fever.......................										
10. Acute Diarrhoea...............................	607 90 138 8 15 2 1	1 3 1								
11. Chronic Diarrhoea.........................										
										
										
										
15. Small-pox and Varioloid........................										
										
17. Scarlet Fever....................										
	3 16 33 4 55 121 5	1	6 13 99 14 83 155 8 2 7 1 1 22		7 10 147 1 119 197 13	1 1	8 114 235 42 121 208 20 2 5	3	29 35 282 36 86 170 11	2
										
20. Epidemic Catarrh.............										
21. Other Diseases of this Order....................										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis..........................										
										
24. Orchitis.........................										
25. S tricturo of the Urethra............										
26. Purulent Ophthalmia...............	3				9				10	
27. Serpent Bite....................										
28. Other Diseases of this Order.......					1 1 1 5 3 4					
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy....................	16					I	12 1		7	
										
31. Delirium Tremens............	6 5	1	10 7 1	5					7 1	
										
33. Chronic Alcoholism............							6 1	1		
34. Other Diseases of this Order........										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...................										
37. Chronic Rheumatism..........	57 21 10		93 63 112 2		96 51 33		145 93 25 6 1 2		156 78 39 1	'
										
39. General Dropsy.............										
41. Tumors............... 42. Other Diseases of this Order.....	4 11 3	1	2 1 17 7	1	1 5 8 8				1 ........1 i ! 2 ........	
ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases. 43. Consumption.............										
							5 6	3	19 13	1
44. Sorofula...........										
45. Other Diseases of this Order...										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itoh.....	40		40 2 7		49 1 3 1		73		|	
47. Tape-worm...										
48. Other Intestinal Worms						........ 7				
49. Other Diseases of this Order										
			6,349			........i........			-	
	2,099	15		56	5,074	39	5,199	34	4,001 | 36 ___-	
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
379
TABLE LIX.
of the Department of the  Ohio.
1863.			1804.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
45,345.		Deaths.	48,047.		49,007.		46,820.		38, 990.		34,914.		37,552.		40,601.	
	Cases.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. |	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	122	22	70	16	72	19	83	19	134	11	89	6	91	5	1,059	154
0	1 33	1	2 28	1	10 46	2 7	35	2 4			4 47				19 729	4 52
3 4									52	4			84			
5	248	1	2.32		243		288	1	338	1	408		543	2	4,113	9
6	345		266		406		536	1	476		466		524		5,772	2
7	277		340		471		455		436		437		466		5,348	
8	40		32		44		37		77		37		25		533	
9	13	1	4	3	9		10	4	13	o	10	2	8	3	153	36
10	1,355		1,392	1	1,168	1	1,159		991		1,342		2,147		16,466	3
11	168	4	165	8	160	6	177	3	103		142	1	385	2	2,117	36
12	181	1	185	1	229	2	244		249		604		651		3,865	12
13	8	1	14		10		17		2	1	22	1	47		294	12
14	46	3	47	2	48	1	38		51	1	51		66	1	455	11
15	25		57	10	57	3	44	2	21	3	50		4		276	21
16	51	2	100	2	218	5	649	2	490	4	96	2	41	2	2,303	24
17			1 20												1 191	10
18	39	1			16		23		17	1	17		6	1		
19	12		87		165		231		229		143		98		1,153	
20	279		499		555		518		185		105		76		3,013	
21	19	1	48		52	2	104		48		75	2	203	1	646	7
22	70		89		92		84		68		111		105		1,083	
23	107		121		158		170		131		199		212		1,949	
24	13		21		19		20		17		23		17		193	
25 26			3 11				2 4				4 11		2 1		15 75	
	6				6				2							
27 28 29													2 5 100 "		3 71 444	1
	2 26				1 37	1	58 50		3 91							
			17								65					
30 31 32 33 34					2 2 6 3 5		1 4 5 3 5	1							5 44 48 20 16	1 9 1 1 2
	6 1 3	2 2	3 3 3						4 2	1	2					
													3			
											1					
													6			
35 36											2 170				2 1,981	3
	172		219		219		272	3	216				166			
37	66		67		85		100		80		96		105		905	
38 39 40 41 42 43	23		26		18		16		9		38		54		403 9 4 20 32 170	I 25
					1 2 2 17											
						5	4 1 9				1 8 12		7			
	6 15	1 3	3 14	3												
								2	13	2		1	30	3		
44 45 46 47 48 49	2		8		13 1 167		12		8		10		1		91 1 1,724 7 60 1	
	161		241				248 1 16		150 1 3		157		124 2 4			
	10		3		1						3					
	1															
	3,951	46	4,461	47	4,836	54	5,733	44	4,710	31	5,058	15	6,411	20	57,882	437
 
380
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LIX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO—Continued.
	i«oa									
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									«, 112. 1	
	23,134.		37,684.		39, 942.		44,669.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	2,099 1 6 57 3	15 1	6,349 1 14 124	56 1	5,074 1 8 101	39	5,199	34	4,001	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										36
							11 68		16 75 3 3	1 1
										
										
' jf y . f j} in					3 1 3 3 66 2 1 4 2	2 1				
										
	1 1 25 1 3 2									
		1	4 82 2 22 3 1 1 92 2 6 10 27 4 3 11				8 79 1		9 87 3	
										
										
										
							2		1	1
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	89 1				112 1		129 1		114 3	
										
										
	1						1 30 2 5 8			
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.									32 5 6	
					3					
	3 6 11									
					4 22					
										
Order IV.—Diseases ef Organs of Circulation.			1 2							
	1			1	6 1	1	2	1	5 1	
										
										
									2 1	
					2					
										
	7		11 4 1 5 50 18 3 2 16 33 22 10 55 100 128 81 12 4 32		10 4 2 9 63 16		4 4 1 13 82 14		11 6 1 10 143 21	
										
	4 1 31 11									
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs. 83. A sthma.............................................										
										
										
										
	1 3 18 17 4 9 61 43 34	1 1 1		1 1 1			1 10 59 48 7 81 151 69 24	10	1 51 118 62 5 115 72 147 18	5 1
					31 i 51 43 5 69 120 121 35	5 2				
										
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic...............................................										
										
										
										
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease........................	2 12						3 36		1 33	
					44					
										
100. Diseases of Spleen.................							1 2 23			
101. Fistula in Ano.............	1 8		5 29 1		5 29 1				4 27 1	
102. Hernia................										
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach___										
Carried forward......										___
	2,578	20	7,383	61	6,078	50	6,179	45	5,216	45
										1 __.
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
181
TABLE LIX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO—Continued.
	1803.			1804.													
	DECEMBER. 45,345.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
				48,047.		49,007.		46,8	20.	38,990.		34,914.		37, 552.		40,601.	
	1 Cases.		Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	"	3,951	46	4,461	47	4,836	54	5,733	44	4,710	31	5,058	15	6,411	20	57, 882	437
	50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72	2 10 79 1 2 2 4 75 5	3 3 1	16 97 1 3 2 1 9 108 2	1 2 1 1 1	2 6 52 2 4	3			2 16 79 2 4 1 1 9 75 1	o			1 12 163 2	3 1	10 155 1,168 17 21 13 17 65 1,077 28 56 18	10 2 1 18 6 1 1 1
								20 108 4 2	1 1			20 165					
											4 1						
												4 4 5 124 2 8		2 3 5 139 3 22			
						1 5 109 1		1 3 108 5									
		2		1		1		2									
				1 1 116 5 1				1		3		2		2		12 2 1,308 23 27 15 89 90 41 126 108	
																	
		82				143 5 2 1		110		100 3 1 1		122 2 9		99			
								1						7			
		1															
																	
		12 2 9 29		19 4 26 17		4 3 14 8		26 4 23 13		8 10 9 2		6 . 1 14 4		1			
														2 2			
	73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 9C 91 92															1 50 7	3 2
		1		6		2		2		4 1	1	7 3	1	12 1			
																	
		3 2 1 9 6		4		2 1 1 5 6		1		2		1 1 1 17 10		1		16 7 3 107 54 15 92 1,832 307 8 25 297 1,532 582 80 880	2 4 1 2 185 3 5
																	
				10 6 2 14 321 20 1 6 37 238 64 4 109				4 3		9 2 4 10 199 33				10 3			
		4 152 27			2 33	12 275 34 2 1 28 184 64 3 92	1 23 1 1	8 361 57 2 5 35 306 72 15 111	3			2 91 35		4 64 21			
									49 1	3 25 171 54 3 97	26	1 10 101 53 8 29	7	4 22 67 38 6 24	1 6		
		29 186 45 10 89	19 1														
	93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	79 103 37		70 156 16	1	79 245 7 1 4 34	1	53 147 4	1	49 118 7		73 159 16	1 1	135 228 58	1	1,042 1,664 337 13 38 352	3 4 1
		3 31		6 54				5 32		3 16		2 13	1	5 15			
				1 2 25		1 4 21 5		2 5 29 1								5 47 321 11	1
		4 25							1	5 27		5 31 2		5 47			
		5,114	73							5,879							
				6,063	89	6,312	86	7,424	101		65	6,221	26	7,646	32	72,093	693
 
382
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LIX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO—Concluded.
					1803.					
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November. 41, Hi-	
										
	23,134.		37, 684.		39,942.		44,669.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. ' 5,216	Death. 45
	2,578 4' 21 4 2 1 8	20	7,383 7 39 16 9 3 27 6 54 83 29	61 1 1	6,078 2 49 6 8 o 23 9 103 96 26 6 3	50 1	6,179 1 56 2	45		
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
								1	80 o 4	1
										
										
							1 8 16 138 70 6 1	I		
									11 1 172 67 6 6 1 1	
										
	31 26 2 2	1								
										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
	3		1 1 5 13 7 7 1 2 1 2 3 1				3			
					2 3 5					
									2 4 1 3 2	
	3 1 1						6			
										
					1		3			
										
					2		2			
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.	1									
					1 2					
	6						3		1	
										
	1 1									
		1	1 1 117 196 14 36 49 14 52 2 37 3 3 3 19 41 8 4 f> 15							
							3 73 110 6 10 16 9 36			
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	23 40 4 4 18 4 31 1	3		1 4 1 3 I	68 134 11 18 17 6 35 1 32 2 5			1	60 76 6 5 9 12 27 1	
132. Boils...............................................										
133. Carbuncle...........................................										
134. Whitlow............................................										
										
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 136. Burns.........................................										
										
										
						2	38	1		
	23 3								22 2	
										
							4 4 132 19 1 4			
	3							13	4 612 7 7 5 1 2	61 1
	80 5 3 2	13			60 8 2 4	11				
										
146. Lacerated Wounds..........................										
147. Punctured Wounds..........................										
148. Poisoning...................										
149. Other Accidents and Injuries........	6				10		3			
										
									1	
									1	
									____!_________-	
Total..............	2,951	38	8,320	73	6,840	64	6,963	62	6,438	108
										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE  30, 1864.
383
TABLE LIX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO—Concluded.
	1803		1804.													
DECEMBI		:R.	January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
45,345.			48,047.		49, 007.		46,820.		38,990.		34,914.		37, 552.		40,601.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases	Deaths-	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	5,114	73	6,063	89	6,312	86	7,424	101	5,879	65	6,221	26	7,646	32	72,093	603
104	4		14		1		6				14		3		56	
																
105	70		74		134		121		58		65		33		800	
106	2		3		6		5		11		1		3		61	2
107 108 109	3 1 5	2			5		4	1	2		3		6		46	4
															8	2
			6		6		6		9		4		16		129	
110	6		6		10		11		15		6		18		104	
111	202	1	137		119		136		90		122		48		1, 3,",3	3
112	68		72		67		47		75		56		59		786	
113 114			12 3		3 10		6 8		1 1		3 6				94 56	
	10												3			
115 116 117 118	1 2 1		3		1		2		2		1				14	
					6						1		2		19 5 29	
							1									
			1		8				5		2		1			
119	7		13		27		11		10		16		24		139	
120 121	2 2				3 4		1 4		2 1		1 1		1 3		19 34	
			4													
122	o		1		2		4		1		1		5		19	
123			5						2		2				15	
124	1		1		1		1								6	
125 126 127 128 129 13(1			2 2 1 3 1				5 2								10 27 3 12 6 5	1
					3 1						5					
																
	3										1		4 1			
					2											
	1															
131	69		25		47		39	1	35		34	1	43		633	2
132	72		76		70		90		47		58		63		1,032	
133	7		3		15		4		7		8		9		94	
134	8		5		12		9		13		14		4		138	
135	7		85		39		40		60		118		81		559	
136	6		20		6		8		8		7		11		111	
137	24		28		31		42		28		35		55		424	1
138 139 140			1 21	10	4	1	3	1 2	1 39				1	2	15	3 26
	17	1								1						
					36		44				34		29		372	
141	4		6		1		3		6		1		3		34	
142	4		10		7		5		5		6		2		56	
143 144	2 165	27	2 115	3 20	1 39	7	1 18				1 928	1 14	1 638	6	22 2,822	5 179
								2	16	2						
145	16		10		11	1	12		10		4		5		148	2
146	5		2		5		3		1		4		1		42	
147	4	1	2	1	1		3		2		5		2		38	3
148 149	4 6						1 11		1 5		6 26	3	3 6		21 205	8
		1	95	4	20											
150 151 152																
																
															'	
	5,929	106	6,933	127	7,076	95	8,141	108	6,468	68	7,821	45	8,833	40	82,713	934
 
384
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
            TABLE LX.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1803.				-----	
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									November. 107,898. Cases. Deaths.	
	98,806.		103, 234.		95,108.		110,177.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 10	Cases.	Deaths. 13		
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	142	24	98	18	59 1 30		52		53	4
										
	100	3	62	2			82		91	3
										
	1,379 1,108 1,056 86 36 6,186 631 1,567 117 91 4 8	2 2 2 17 20 8 1	1,218 1,539 1,064 162 17 5,399 773 1,463 112 73 3 1	4 1 3 5 25 23 7	834 1,275 1,163 122 35 3,095 438 889 61 28	3 2 12 11 3	912 1,456 1,521 172 14 4,910 947 1,380 133 62 21 8	2 3 2 4 49 12 8 1	713 1,178 1,192 142 36 3,785 905 935 136 43 18	6 1 4 3 105 18 5 2
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
					1					
										
	15 17 99 88 116 177 13 4 30 4	I 1	14 10 136 55 144 183 9 2 57 1 3 17 3 7 10 1 21 4 305 189 88	1	9 87 63 30 83 124 18 2 36 3 1 13 1 1	1 1 1	23 10 256 130 136 154 27 3 15	1	31 11 280 113 110 202 19 6 17	1
										
										
										
ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis..................................										
										
24. Orchitis.................................										
25. Stricture of the Urethra...................										
										
27. Serpent Bite.........................										
28. Other Diseases of this Order.................							18 21 3 3		1 13 4 1 4	
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.......................................	41 6 4 5	1								
										
										
										
										
34. Other Diseases of this Order.................							4			
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	239 192 106			1	247 80 32		434 251 54	1 2	522 242	1
										
										
									1	
	1 3 9 23 5	1	1 2 9 32 14				1 1 10 20 5			
								1	6 11 17 7 1 56	........ 3
42. Other Diseases of this Order...............				2	3 10 8	2				
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 43. Consumption......................										
										
45. Other Diseases of this Order..........										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch..............	26 1 4 1		41 1 7		4		30			
47. Tape-worm.........										
48. Other Intestinal Worms.					1		6		4 8	i — 156
49. Other Diseases of this Order										
Carried forward..										
	13, 740	83	13,350	92	8,887	46	13,285	99	10,967	
1-------------.-----										I —
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1864.
385
           TABLE LX.



of the Department of the Cumberland.
	1803.								1804.						. ------	
December.			January.		February.		Marcu.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
114,746.			95,860.		93,772.		110,150.		127,328.		123, 359.		115,315.		107, 979.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	----- Deaths.
1	64	7	82	11	29	10	62	19	51	13	70	30	89	59	851	218
2 3 4 5			6 41	5	1 43	1 4	1 58	2	1 70	1 3	5 109				15 952	2 24
	91											1	175	1		
	543				438		780	2	1,055	1	1,328	1	1,619	12	11, 284	35
6	862		656		583		925		1,279	1	1,336		1,563		13,760	4
7	919	2	686		489		1,028		1,334		1,352	1	1,202		13,006	7
8	75		100		65		119		84		118		269		1,514	
3	18	3	6		6	1	31	6	12	I	20	1	48	5	279	28
10	3,421		2,412	2	1,292		2,233	1	2,984	1	4,406	3	6,265	8	46, 388	29
11	874	98	526	38	302	14	394	14	426	8	585	17	740	29	7,541	426
12	656	4	518	2	358	1	532	1	804	4	1,667	6	1,873	11	12, 642	113
13	124	8	91	3	64	4	54		74	2	87	12	131	3	1,184	63
14	42		50		48	1	101	1	143	5	114	5	95	13	890	28
15	62	4	91	11	99	6	194	29	256	24	110	39	29	9	887	123
16	2		54	2	290	36	783	53	413	23	217	9	79	5	1,856	128
17 18					1 37		6 44				5 10				12 371	4
	42	1	61						71			1	14			
19			70		250	1	559		656		285		146		2,123	1
20	422		521		434		772		735		218		131		4,067	
21	120		136		116	1	258		233		389		274	2	1,942	6
22	175		118		123		370		386		376		205	3	2,342	4
23	234		221		223		651		603		445		276		3,493	
24	23		19		29		62		64		38		25		346	
25	25		1		1		7		9		7		3		70	
26	28		32		8		21		36		44		34		358	
27	1				0						1 80		2 10			
28	9		1		1		1		52						177	1
29 30	38		88 15		109 2		165	1	256		395		549		1,705	2
									20	1	15		41		121	2
31 32	1 2		4 3	1	11 1	4	17 9	1	9 8		10 5		2 2		70 49	7
34	1		1 12		1				4 10	1	4 6				12 54 7 5, 028	1
							1									
35 36 37			1 419						1 624				1 389			3
	599				337		467				446					
	239		224		210		308		385		266	1	180		2,766	1
38 39 40 41	40	1	22		35		19		29		46		38		563	3
											1 7				4 52	1 l
	5		4		4		3		8				9			
42	19		1				9				1				72 288	
43 44 45	38 17	'l	26	2	18	1	23	7	30		31	3	20	4		26
			17 1	1	16		22		18		11		20		160 2 1,527 9 46 12	1
46 47 48 49	64		101		92		156 4 4		195 3 5 1		454		308			
			4		3								8			
	2 9,919	I														
		131	----													
			7,907	78	6,171	85	11,264	138	13,437	89	15,120»	130	16,864	164	140,911	1,291
49 
386
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  LX.—DEPARTMENT  OF THE  CUMBERLAND—Continued.
Veak...........
Month..........

Mean Strength
LIST OF DISEASES.
                Brought forward...................

         CLASS IV.—LOCAL  DISEASES.
         ORDER I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
  50. Apoplexy......................................
  51. Epilepsy.......................................
  52. Headache.......................................
  53. Insanity........................................
  54. Inflammation of Brain...........................
  55. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain.............
  56. Inflammation of Spinal Cord.....................
  57. Nostalgia.......................................
  58. Neuralgia......................................•
  59. Paralysis......................................•
  60. Sun-stroke.....................................•
  61. Other Diseases  of this Order....................
             Order  II.—Diseases of Eye.
  62. Amaurosis......................................
  63. Cataract.......................................
  64. Inflammation of Conjunctiva.....................
  65. Inflammation of Iris............................
  66. Night Blindness................................
  67. Other Diseases  of this Order....................
             Order HI.—Diseases of Ear.
  68. Earache.......................................
  69. Inflammation of Internal Ear....................
  70. Deafness.......................................
  71. Otorrhoea......................................
  72. Other Diseases of this Order....................
     Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
  73. Aneurism......................................
  74. Valvular Disease of Heart.......................
  75. Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
  76. Dropsy of  Pericardium.........................
  77. Inflammation of Pericardium.....................
  78. Inflammation of Endocardium..................,
  79. Inflammation of Veins...........................
j  80. Varicose Veins..................................
|  81. Varicocele.....................................
  82. Other Diseases of this Order....................
       ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
  83. Asthma.........................................
  84. Acute Bronchitis...............................,
  85. Chronic Bronchitis..............i..............
  86. Dropsy of  Chest................................
  87. Haemorrhage from Nose.........................
  88. Inflammation of Larynx.........................
  89. Inflammation of Lungs..........................
  90. Inflammation of Pleura..........................
  91. Haemorrhage from Lungs........................
  92. Other Diseases  of this Order....................,
        Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
  93. Colic...........................................
  34. Constipation....................................
  35. Cholera Morbus.................................
  96. Cirrhosis of Liver...............................
  97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease...................,
  98. Dyspepsia......................................
  99. Diseases of Pancreas............................
 100. Diseases of Spleen..............................
 101. Fistula in Ano..................................
 102. Hernia.....................................
 103. Haemorrhage from Stomach.....................
Carried forward.
18(53.
July.
98,806.
Cases.  Deaths.
13,740
  3
 10
294
  2
  3
  2
  3
 37
240
  6
 29
  6
303
  4
 26
  9
 13
207
 52
  5
 45
 83
 80
 12
 40

377
325
190
  2
  9
126
16,504
97
August.
103,234.
Cases.
13,350
 15
244
  7
  1
  2
  6
 11
294
  6
 31
 20

  1
  1
330
 13
 31
  6
 36
  6
 37
145
 17
 21
  4

 33
198
 45
  6
 40
 49
 82
 10
 19

432
310
316
16„359
Deaths.
September.
95,108.
Cases.
8,887
  1
 20
108

  1
  1
 13
173
  3
 11
  3

  1
  7
184
  3
 23
  1
 24
157
  9
293
141
119
105   10,532
Deaths.
61
October.
HO, 177.
Cases.
Deaths.
13,285
 17
226
  5
  1
  3
  7
256
  7
  3
  3
191
  4
 27
  2
 27
273
 37
  3
 14
 99
 71
 10
 63

302
258
15,580
121    13,513 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
387
TABLE LX.-DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND-Continued.
	1803.		1804.													
DECEMBER.			January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
114,746.			95,860.		93,772.		110,150.		127,328.		123, 359.		115, 315.		107,979.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths, j
	9,919	131	7,907	78	6,171	85	11,264	138	13,437	89	15,120	130	16,864	164	140, 911	1,291
50	3	4	1		1	1	2	1	1	1	3	2	4	4	25	22
51	19		22		23	1	28		31	2	28	1	24	1	258	5
52	177		153		146		230		279		299		338		2,662	
53	4				2		3		13		7		10		73	
54	4	2		1	2	. 1	2	4	5	6	2	2	6	3	27	27
55			2	1		2	2		2	2	2	2	6	3	20	16
																
56	3	1	2		2		5		3		2	1	1	3	35	7
57	16		16		10		18		42		14	1	33		229	1
58	246		209		170		230		303		252		263		2,870	
59	9		7		1		7		6		4	1	8		73	1
6(1			1				1				54	1	53 5 4		181 96 34	2 4
61 62	14 2		10 1		8 3		4 3	2	11 4	1				1		
											5					
63 64	2 189		5 227		1 233		3 303		2 439				2 258		28 3,231	
											288					
65	4		7		1		14		2		17		4		75	
66	5		11		23		27		59		142		120		508	
67	5		5		7		11		10		1		3		64	
68 69																
	11		21		18		26		33		15		22		236	
70	2		5		7		8		13		5		7		57	
71	19		23		26		56		36		19		33		323	
72	55		7		4		15		4		4		3		504	
73 74	1 8	1 1							1 15						3 115	1 14
			13		6	1	7	2		1	15		9	2		
75 76 77	4 1 3				1 1 2	1	1 1 4	1	1 2 9	2			3		12 7 36	4 1 5
		1														
			3							3	1	1	1			
78 79 80				2			1				9		1		15 3 184	2
									2 31							
	12		18		9		8				25		22			
81	9		15		7		10		17		12		9		136	
82	12	2	1		1		5	1	3	1	1	1	1		29	6
83	19		28		13		21		26		27		20		270	
84	727	1	533		384		760		523		216	1	208		4,592	2
85 86	106		72 2 6 81		45 1 6 81	1	60 4 7 132		101 3 4 67		38 2 5 43	1	31 2		628 15 54 672	2 1
87 88	3 70															
													22			
89	217	16	220	16	188	19	515	62	279	46	166	36	128	30	2,101	263
90	177		250	1	82	1	119	3	161	4	108	4	81	4	1,343	19
91	25		33		6		18		19	1	14		21	1	184	2
92	230		357		213	2	215	5	120	7	17		24	1	1,424	15
93	196		174		108	1	153		214		288		361	'	3,129	1
94	422		322		259		430		526		453		566		4,376	
95 96	27		14 1	1	9 2		22		40 1		75		124		1,075 12	6
97	7	1	13		8		10		9		26		5		135	1
98 99 100 101 102 103	79	1	73		45		74		85	1	114		139		1,058	3
	2 9		1 7		1 6				1 10		3 6		2 5		21 88	
							5									
	62		41		32		43		56		" 52		68		549	
	I	1			5		2		1	1	4		2		22	o
	13,137	163				|										
			10,922	100	8,380	116	14, 889	219	17,063	168	18, 003	185	19,926	218	174,808	1,720
	-----I—-----						■»									i
 
388
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  LX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND—Concluded.
Vear...........

MONTH...........

Mean Strength .
LIST OF DISEASES.
             Brought forward......................

Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
104. Haemorrhage trorn Bowels.....
105. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
106. Inflammation of Stomach......
107. Inflammation of Bowels.......
108. Inflammation of Peritonasum...
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver ..
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
111. Jaundice.....................
112. Piles.........................
113. Other Diseases of this Order...
 Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.

114. Stone and Gravel...................................
115. Diabetes..........................................
116. Bright's Disease...................................•
117. Diseases of Prostate...............................
118. Diseases of Testis..................................
119. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
120. Inflammation of Bladder........................—
121. Incontinence of Urine.............................■
122. H ydrocele.........................................
123. Other Diseases of this Order........................
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries......................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
1.8. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess.......
132. Boils.........
133. Carbuncle___
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
  CLASS V.—WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS,  AND
                    INJURIES.

      ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns...........................................
137. Contusions.......................................
138. Concussion of Brain..............................
139. Drowning........................................
140. Sprains..........................................
141. Dislocation......................................
142. Simple Fractures.................................
143. Compound Fractures.............................
144. Gunshot Wounds.................................
145. Incised Wounds..................................
146. Lacerated Wounds...............................
147. Punctured Wounds...............................
118. Poisoning........................................
149. Other Accidents and Injuries......................
150. ORDER II.—Homicide..........................
151. ORDER III.—Suicide..............

152. ORDER IV.—Execution of Sentence.

                Total................
1S(>;$.
July.
98,806.
Cases.  Deaths.
 10
 55
 28
 20
  1
 31
 26
151
202
 14
200
385
 40
 54
 41
104
 11
  9
18,269
97
21
129
August.
103,234.
Cases.  Deaths.
16,359
  6
 58
 17
 12
  2
 31
 23
143
210
 28
214
491
 35
 54
 39
141
 15
 16
  1
 54
 43
 35
 19
 20
 26
18,318
_____
105
September.
95,108.
Cases.  Deaths.
10, 532
  7
 36
  7
  6
  6
 27
 32
 89
157
 18
143
256
 18
 25
 11
 32
157
  3
  74
   3
  17
  20
,030
  11
  85
   7
   3
  10
19,871
184
260
October.

 110,177.
discs.  Deaths.
NOVEMBKR,

  107,898.
15,580
  7
 69
 11
 14
  3
 31
 23
 77
199
  4
171
280
 20
 36
 30
  5
  1
374
 49
 13
  9
  1
 12
321
148
17,316
282  j 17,853 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1864.
389
TABLE LX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND—Concluded.
1803.			1804.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	114,746.		95,860.		93,772.		110,150.		127,328.		123,359.		115,315.		107,979.	
—	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	13,137	163	10,922	100	8,380	116	14,889	219	17,063	168	18,003	185	19, 926	218	174,808	1,726
104	1		10	1	3		1		6		13		6		72	6
105	119		125		126		232		240		145		84		1,399	
106	27	1	17		3	1	1		9		11		8	I	144	3
107	2	1	1		3	3	3	1	16	3	23	3	20	o	127	24
108 109	2 21		1		1			1	1	2	3	2		1 1	24 299	10 6
			9	1	14	1	16	1	29		43		24			
no	18		17		10		21		28		21		12		247	1
111	51		31		33		47		64		118	I	106		960	2
112	201		135		80		121		201		215		201		2,115	
113	10		13	1	4		14		50		4		30		193	1
114	8		9		5		2		14		15		8		89	
115	1		2	1	3		1		3		4		3		28	1
116	5		5		4		6		1		2		3		48	
117 118					1		1				2				8	
	3		6		3		3		12		7		6		48	
119	22		53	2	20		26		52	2	21	2	54		368	6
120	5		10		4		11		9		11		4		77	
121	5		12		4		8		14		17		10		110	
122	3		2		4		3	1	2		1		5		26	1
	1				2		6		2		3		9		42	
124	5 1		2 G				3 4		6 2				1 2		23 22	
																
126	13		11		6		11		11		7		5		112	
127 128	1 5		1 4		1 6								1 2		11 41	
							3		2		2					
129 13(1	7 1		1				3 1		2		2		1		30 7	1
					1											
131	159		91		78		140		152		153		178	1	1,819	2
132	230		190		141		176		283		221		338		3,227	
133	20	1	14		6		20		25		9		36		259	1
134	37		47		33		64		55		37		32		515	
135	23		110		74		141		347		248		204		1,288	
136	50		53		44		38		42		48		25		475	4
137	76		67		49		73		138		164	1	181		1,321	3
138 139 140	3				3 106	1	1 194	1 5	3 261	4	15 132	1 1	11 127	4	60	5 32
				1												
	145		108												1,590	
141	3		9		5		10		22		9		6		100	
142	3		7		11		14		12		9		9		116	1
143	5		2		2	2	4	2	4		43	1	81	1	172	8
144	170	142	132	28	266	9	70	5	104	8	6,064	143	4,219	176	22,564	1,041
145	66		50	1	39		70	1	83		76		42		624	2
146	11	2	9		15		11		11		33		53		315	4
147	14		5		5		19	1	14		13		13		138	2
148	10		4		1		4		2	1	6		16		74	1
149	13	6	46		38	4	49	2	16	2	8	5	6	2	244	28
150 151 152						1 1						1 o				2 6 2
																
																
	14,713															
		316	12,349	136	9,644	139	16,535	240 >	19,413	190	25,987	348	26,111	407	216,379	2,932
 
390                SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
            TABLE LXI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1803.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		.T r	
										
	148,167.		99,642.		80,566.		87,807.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death-
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	324 1 664	140 5 102	215 1 315	70 67	158 7 203	50 1 64	79 1 88	21	37	7
										
								6	44	3
										
	4,370 9,441 6,447 790 454 7,798 1,920 2,566 354 145 33 24	98 2 25 2 140 40 186 88 31 8 2	2,947 7,152 5,443 636 335 5,487 1,468 2,286 261 74 22 52	54 11 3 1 97 18 127 83 40 4 1 12	1,912 5,401 4,452 502 192 3,580 1,188 ■2,320 267 56 13 8	30 2 49 10 88 81 33 1 4	1,026 4,330 3,467 420 60 2,656 926 1,477 230 30 30 11	13 1 1 1 21 13 30 29 19 1	581 2,438 2,714 258 19 2,089 779 956 198 60 48 3	1 1 4 9 32 14 5 1
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
18. Diphtheria..........................................	17 26 150 106 129 280 25 8 77 1 6 111 2 5 3 2 10 5 320 253 272	2 1 11 3 2 2 2	17 35 123 52 122 205 29 8 34 2 2 112 3 4 6 4	3 1 4 1 1	9 11 115 66 109 213 20 12 51	1 45	5 6 134 12 94 206 20 3 24 2	2 1	8 6 314 35 138 214 18 9 34	1
										
										
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis............................................										
										
24. Orchitis............................................										
										
										
										
				5 1 1 1	1 38 5 14 3 1 11 1 245 150 183				3 34	
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy..........................................							43			
										
						2 2	2 11 3 1 1 307 189 165	2	6 12 1 3 2 303 244 103	1 1
										
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...........................................		1 9	2 191 179 318	4						
										
										
										
										
			6 2 24 96 18 2 46 4 21				3 7 33 32 14			
	3 44 80 26 1 95 4 6	1 10 1		1 11	4 15 59 14 1 57	9 1 1		1	I 9 28 5	3
										
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.										
										
45. Other Diseases of this Order....................										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch............							39 1 2		126 2	
47. Tape-worm.................										
48. Other Intestinal Worms......					4					
										
Carried forward.....										
	37,398	914	28,361	622	21,671	474	16,190	162	11,662	h3
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1864.
391
          TABLE LXI.
of the Department of the Tennessee.
	1803	.	1804.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	96,010		88,165.		86,999.		91, 649.		86,199.		90,510.		93, 836.		94,625.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
l	36	9	77	11	36	12	75	17	49	14	48	10	109	22	1,243	383
o 3 4 5					1 20	1	2 39	1 4	19 44	14 1	1 94	1 5	11 90	3	44 1,655	22 261
	25	3	29	2												
	467	3	427	2	797	3	596		583	3	837	2	1,327	8	15,870	217
6	2,081	1	1,566		1,583		2,016		2,043		1,875		2,210	1	42,136	19
7	1,952		1,826		1,438		2,118		1,516		2,057		1,732		35,162	29
8	264		145		197		192		140		172		211		3,927	4
9	13	2	20	6	20	5	35	10	24	4	19	4	52	7	1,243	349
10	1,980	1	1,746	3	1,928	3	2,513	2	2,185		4,717	4	7,932	5	44, 611	108
11	560	24	506	31	413	27	410	9	372	9	468	5	758	9	9,768	577
12	602	6	543	5	512		585	5	594	8	1,397	12	2,084	21	15, 922	352
13	151	12	112	6	69	3	89	2	39		93	3	118	6	1,981	160
14	68	1	73	2	75	2	128	4	150	5	104	4	144		1,107	32
15	88	2	240	2	143	8	221	31	179	9	230	4	49	3	1,296	67
16	42	3	51	2	261	8	457	25	255	31	119	9	109	1	1,392	91
17 18			1 14	1	4 13	1	2 28					1			7 192	2 10
	21								22	1	20		18			
19 42			63		618		447		343		180		124		1,901	1
20 408			325		254		260		338		115		164		2,700	1
21	13		10	1	105	1	159	9	185		167		254	1	1,164	72
22	167		93		80		161		152		204		276		1,725	2
23	223		172		216		381		356		373		443		3,282	
24	31		29		17		18		42		38		21		308	1
25 26	3 38		3 22		2 22		5 63		2 32				4 40		59 474	1
											37					
27 28 29															5 127 793	13
	14 25		6 44	1	11 53				2 88		27 5-1	1	55 110			
							78	3								
30 31	1 13	1	o 6				1 6	3	1 4		1 8		1 4	1	17 76	3 10
					4											
32	3		5	1	1		3		12		6		3		68	4
33 34	4				1		1 7				1				18 32	
																
35 36	1 361		1 351	1							2 306		4 384		19 3,945	1 4
					566		350		261	2						
37	275		171	1	142		159		172		122		209		2,265	1
38	85	3	64		42		17		35	1	55		93		1,432	22
39 40 41 42																
	2 1 16				1 2 5 20		1 3 3 21				1 4 1				14 29 164	2
			1 13										1			
																
43	35	3	34	8		7		4	22	5	22	5	39	4	488	70
44	17		14	1	12		17		12		11		8		168	3
45 46							15 131		1 109						20 1,220	1
	99		149		112						129		128			
47 48 49	1 1		1				1 4				5		1 1		20 40 1	
									1							
											1					
																
	10,229	74	8,955	87	9,796	81	11,818 l	129	10,385	107	14,124	70	19,321	92	200,130 i	2,895
 
392
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  LXL—DEPARTMENT OF THE  TENNESSEE—Continued.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
              Brought forward....................
       CLASS  IV.—LOCAL  DISEASES.

       Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
50. Apoplexy.......................................
51. Epilepsy........................................
52. Headache.......................................
53. Insanity........................................
54. Inflammation of Brain...........................
55. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain.............
56. Inflammation of Spinal Cord.....................
57. Nostalgia.......................................
58. Neuralgia......................................
59. Paralysis.......................................
60. Sun-stroko......................................
61. Other Diseases of this Order.....................
            Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
62. Amaurosis......................................
63. Cataract.......................................
64. Inflammation of Conjunctiva.....................
65. Inflammation of Iris............................
66. Night Blindness................................•
67. Other Diseases of this Order....................•
            Order IH.—Diseases of Ear.
68. Earache.......................................
69. Inflammation of Internal Ear...................
70. Doafuess.......................................
71. Otorrhoea......................................
72. Other Diseases of this Order....................
    Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
73. Aneurism......................................
74. Valvular Disease of Heart......................
75. Dropsy from Heart Diseaso.....................
76. Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
77. Inflammation of Pericardium...................
78. Inflammation of Endocardium..................
79. Inflammation of Veins..........................
80. Varicose Veins.................................
81. Varicocele.....................................
82. Other Diseases of this Order....................
      Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma........................................
84. Acute Bronchitis...............................
85. Chronic Bronchitis.............................
86. Dropsy of Chest...............................
87. Haemorrhage from Nose........................
88. Inflammation of Larynx........................
89. Inflammation of Lungs.........................
90. Inflammation of Pleura.........................
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs.......................
92. Other Diseases of this Order....................
       Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic..........................................
94. Constipation...................................
95. Cholera Morbus................................
96. Cirrhosis of Liver..............................
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease...................
98. Dyspepsia.....................................
99. Diseases of Pancreas...........................
100. Diseases of Spleen.............................
101. Fistula in Ano..................................
102. Hernia........................................
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach.....................
1803.
July.
148,167.
Cases.  Deaths.  Cases.  Deaths
37,398
 17
 24
398
  7
  8
  6
  9
 59
366
 11
208
 19

  4
  ]
651
  8
 41
 12
August.
99, 642.
 33
123
914
28,361
  6
 25
215
 10
  9
  3
  2
 19
211
 14
 36
 11

  6
  3
443
  6
 32
  9
 33
  4
 31
105
Carried forward .
 30
 21
  3

 27
263
109
  3
 21
 41
137
 76
 25
 50

472
797
365
  5
 57
167
  1
 10
 11
 83
  2
622
 25
 19
  5

 32
172
 84
  3
 10
 20
 93
 57
 16
 27

301
527
212
  1
 45
133
September.
80,566.
Cases.  Deaths.
21, 671
  3
 19
151
  9
 10
  4
  5
 23
187
 13
 21
  1

  3
  5
446
 10
 18
 17
474
October.
87,807.
Cases.  Deaths.
16,190
  3
 11
104
  2
  4
  1
  5
 18
157
  7
  2
  8
424
 13
  9
 17
42,250
982
25
31,496
  1
 11
 12
  3

 21
205
 74
  1
 13
 19
 81
 57
 22
 18

230
385
123
  2
 35
104
162
 in
 15
  5

 16
334
107
24,242
  1

500
 10
 39
126
 54
 14
 93

135
269
 31
18,498
11,882
183
 5
 79
190
 76
 25
218

119
264
 19
   17
    5
   36
    1

14,509
116 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1804.
393
TABLE LXL—DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE—Continued.
- "	1808	. '1							1801.							
DECEMBER.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
96,010		.	88,165.		86, 999.		91, 649.		86,199.		90,510.		93,836.		94,625.	
Cases.		Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	10,229	74	8,955	87	9,796	81	11,818	129	10, 385	107	L4,124	70	19,321	92	200,130	2,895
50 51	2 13	2							2	1	2	2	2	2	41	21
		1	11		13		17	1	17		23		24	1	210	9
52	96		120		95		84		88		169		238		1,863	
53	4		7		4		4		3		4		8		C8	1
54	6	4	4		3	4	5	6	2	3	5	2	3	3	60	39
55 56			2 3	2			3 1	2	2	1	I 2	2	2 4	1	23 52	14 1
	8	1			3											
57	11		4		2		10		6		12		14		184	1
58	169		145		110		172		177		137		213		2,202	
59	7		6	1	3		4		6		6		8		95	1
60 61 62 63									2 3		34		120 11	2	423 78	12 7
		o	8		2		4									
	2 4				2						1		1		30	
			4		3				2		4		1		28	
64	401		377		282		343		321		430		496		5,014	
65 66	13 1		3 9				7 8		5 15		3 32		9 16		82 201	
					14											
67 68 69	9		16		1				5		2		4		100	
																
	8		9		9		17		16		10		28		199	
70	1		2		1		1		1		3		4		36	
71	26		19		19		25		29		25		27		269	
72	32		30		14		5		5		20		5		525	
73 74 75 76 77 78 ■79 80									I 6 2	1	1 4 1 3 1				5 99 16 12 29 4 4 221	1 10 3 6 4
	8 1 1 5 1 2 26	1 1	8	1			5 1						10	1		
					3											
			1 3													
				1	1				3 2				1			
																
			1 10													
					14		11		18		14		18			
81	12		4		5		4		5		3		10		116	
82 83	2 15				1 11		1 13		10 6		1 11	2	1 13	1 1	40 198	5 1 2
			13													
84	456		631	2	398		562		265		253		243		4,256	4
85	115	2	90	1	40		94		48		39		96		1,028	7
86 87	1 5		1 6				1 6				2 19		2 14		14 115	
					2				4							
88	55		58		38		77		49		38		35		548	4
89	233	25	280	36	407	21	344	53	242	53	202	13	114	7	2,449	284
%	101	1	107	1	133	4	137	1	72		93		104		1,067	11
91	9	1	8		9		13		8	1	8		18		175	3
92	165		135		82	3	153	1	151	3	23	1	19		1,134	11
93	119	1	117	1	92		117		102	1	227		287		2,318	5
94	260		256		192		283		257		359		579		4,428	
9b	32	1	18		19		21		15		67	1	123	1	1,045	9
96 97	1 11		1 9				1 9				1 8		3 12		15 249	3
					11				12	1						
98	81		103		52		56		55		58		112		1,069	
99 100			1 1												127	o
	18			1	7		3		5		5		3			
101	6		14		10		5		10		8		6		103	
w_	45		43		31		36		48		43		53		551	1
103	1				1		1		3			1	4		30	2
																
	12,840	117	11, 657	134	11,935	113	14,482	193	12,491	172	16,541	94	22,439	112	233,380	3,378
50 
394
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  LXL—DEPARTMENT OF  THE TENNESSEE—Concluded.
Mean Strength.
LIST OF  DISEASES.
               Brought forward......................

  Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.

104. Haemorrhage from Bowels.........................
105. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
106. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
107. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum.......................
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver.......................
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
111. Jaundice..........................................
112. Piles..............................................
113. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
114. Stone and Gravel............
115. Diabetes....................
116. Bright's Disease.........
117. Diseases of Prostate.........
118. Diseases of Testis...........
119. Inflammation of Kidneys---
120. Inflammation of Bladder.
121. Incontinence of Urine.......
122. Hydrocele..................
123. Other Diseases of this Order.
ORDER VHI.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries.....................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Neorosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess.......
132. Boils.........
133. Carbuncle.....
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
14S.
140.

150.

151.

152.
ILASS  V.  WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
                INJURIES.
  ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
 Burns...........................................
Contusions..................
Concussion of Brain.........
Drowning...................
Sprains.....................
Dislocation.................
Simple Fractures............
Compound Fractures........
Gunshot Wounds............
Incised Wounds.............
Lacerated Wounds..........
Punctured Wounds..........
Poisoning...................
Other Accidents and Injuries .
Order II.—Homicide.......
Order IH.—Suicide..............

ORDER IV.—Execution of Sentence .

            Total...........
1803.
July.
148,167.
Cases.  Deaths.
42,250
 32
139
 57
 66
  6
 78
 92
310
371
 20
298
664
 61
 96
 72
 74
142
  4
 98
  8
 17
  4
826
 59
 28
 18
 22
 16
982
112
46,108   1,149
August.
99, 642.
Cases.  Deaths
31, 496
 51
 59
 33
 19
  4
 70
 70
177
270
 16
307
317
 20
 97
 56
33, 577
662
15
714
September.
80,566.
Cases.
24,24-
 17
 73
 26
 15
  7
 39
 35
206
253
  5
148
329
 24
 42
 36
25,920
Deaths.
500
October.
Cases.
87,807.

   Deaths.
18,498
 35
 59
 25
  9
  3
 32
 25
127
213
114
218
 18
 40
 29
 12
117
  2
 89
  6
 14
  2
180
 31
 12
 15
  7
  5
183
215 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
395
TABLE LXL—DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE—Concluded.
1803.			1804.													
DECEMBER.			January.		February.		March.		ArRiL.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
96,010.			88,165.		86,999.		91, 649.		86,199.		90,510.		93,836.		94, C25.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases	Deaths-	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	12,840	117	11,657	134	11,935	113	14,482	193	12,491	172	16,541	94	22,439	112	233,380	3,378
104	2		8	1	8		6		3	1	4		8		176	9
105	143		153	1	129		220		125		95		91		1,391	4
106	15		16		5		7		9		8	2	9	1	220	14
107	17	2	12	2	6		7		6	1	5	1	15	1	187	27
108 109			3 25		7 26	1 3	2 24		3 29	4	1 28	1 1	1 43		39 449	13 14
	37															
110	29	1	21		16	1	13		14		17		26		389	6
111	75	1	48		27		35	1	36		22		90		1,230	10
112	170		118		88		128		102		138		213		2,250	
113	8		11		10		7		4		24		30		150	5
114	11		7		7		8		7	1	5		18		103	1
115 116	6 1		5		6 1		3 4		3 5				1 4		45 49	1
											2					
U7 118					1 4		2 3								4 47	
	6		3						1		2		8			
119	29		19		21		11		29		17		52		334	2"
120	9		14		7		4		3		3		8		125	
121	12		6		6		7		4		3		13		87	
122	3		3		2		6		2		3				44	
123	3		1		4		3		2		7		2		39	
124	7		4		3		1		1		3		2		38	
125 126	13 19				9 3		1 6		3 2	1	5 4		11 3		79 95	1
			6													
127 128			1		1 1 3		1				2		2		10 47	
									5							
129	4		2				4		4		1	1	2		41	1
130	1		1										29		34	
131	128		93	1	71	1	73		78		91		112		1,657	4
132	211		161		112		169		154		178		246		2,991	
133	21		36		15		5		10		17		27		275	
134	49		52		23		38		28		30		32		577	
135	27		66		70		68		72		100		149		769	
136	25		24		43	1	28	1	22		29		34		385	2
137	83		90		m		85		84		112		147		1,166	1
138 139	4	1 2	3	1	1				1	1 2	5	1 3	6	2	32	5 39
						5		3								
																
140	143		134		114		114,		100		141		130		1,377	
141	8		3		5		9		3		3		5		63	
142	12		18		10		10		12		12		15		171	
143 144	1 84	24	3 52	1 10	6 188			1 17			8 1, 622	1 45	2 1,461	1 132	32 6,269	5 481
						16	122		501	11						
145	48		59		32		47		53		32		51		502	
146	12		16		31		13		11	1	36		15		215	3
147	13		16		7		12		10		14		13		152	2
J 48	10		l		3		4		3		3		22	1	105	1
149	7	2	157	6	43	2	10		10	7	18	3	34	o	318	33
150 151 152 I		1		1				1				1 2		1		7 8 1
								1		1						
																
	14,350	151					.....									
			13,135	158	13,176	143	15,806 1 218		14,045	203	19,391	156	25,621	253	258,138	4,078
 
396
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE LXII.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1803.					----
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVE	----------------------—■
										-BKH.
	25,763.		48,059.		47,	184.	42,686. *		45,	
										507.
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 10 10
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. ORDER I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	83 9 238	11 9	124 4 412	38 55	78 4 246	20	54	8	48 2 168	
										
						18	183	15		
										
	487 1,330 1,040 56 49 1,683 355 207 37 14	7 12 4 10 4 1	1,174 3,423 3,330 174 192 4,460 1,168 1,216 132 29	22 1 79 27 81 20 8	825 2,088 2,330 191 101 2,956 942 812 100 21	14 19 5 43 6 7	608 1,717 1,898 244 75 2,228 586 476 64 16	1 1 11 3 66 25 7 2	379 1,411 1,158 139 34 1,853 446 294 60 23	3 5 1 4 i 78 5 6
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										........j
	9		4		4				2	
										......|
	33 14 68 51 62 76 5 4 6	4	35 13	7	34	1	10 1 68 1 201 221 15 3 20	1	21 6	1
										
										
			207 100 199 20 8 12	1	130 188 305 20 8 21				162 193 239 17 I 19 2 1 29 3 4 6	1
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Svphilis.......................................										
										
24. Orchitis.......................................										
										
										
27. Serpent Bite...............................										
			1 223 8 20 9				1 45 7 4 2 1	1		
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy......................................	75 2 12 1			3 1	270 9 3 3	2				
										
										
										
										
	1 4 95 100 53	8	3 2 164 172 154						2	
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.				5	1 190 136 79					
							224 147 48		224 163 47	1
										
										
										
			13 1 3 36 14	2 4	4 5 18 27 21	4	4 2 23 17 2 1 13 1 3			
										
								1 1	12 19 5	2 4
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.	15 19	3								
44. Scrofula.........................										
45. Other Diseases of this Order............										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch...........	7		6 3 6		10 2 4				31 ........	
47. Tape-worm..........										
48. Other Intestinal Worms.. .	2									
49. Other Diseases of this Order.										
Carried forward__									7,224	133
	6,302	67	17,274	354	12,186	139	9,234	143		
										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
397
       TABLE LXII.



of the Department of the  Gulf.
	1803.		1804-													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
47,049.			47,253.		52, 278.		48,	)99.	51,360.		54,	797.	53,	287.	47, 035.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	21	8	20	5	21	1	19	3	37	15	63	24	115	46	683	i 1 189
o							1		4	1	5		22	2	51	3
																
3 4 5	85	4	83	5	67	3	86	7	63	4	90	11	137	14	1,858	155
	303	2	298	1	288		322	2	462	2	678	4	809	9	6,633	67
6	1,076		821	1	1,095		1,151		1,239		1,232	2	1,682	1	18, 265	11
7	995		1,155		1,440		1,648		1,547		1,565		1,521	1	19,627	2
8	117		136		183		193		160		161		144		1,898	
9	17	6	14		7	2	15	3	16	3	17	6	39	9	576	154
10	1,526	5	1,212	1	1,295		2,040		3,014	1	4,849	12	4,696	8	31, 812	68
11	369	57	362	34	295	15	271	10	265	19	530	15	711	23	6,300	451
12	275	2	240	10	286	1	553	3	526	5	665	8	819	10	6,369	99
13	36	10	40	8	31	1	39	2	44	4	82	1	128	17	793	72
14	17	I	27	1	23		28	1	34		58	1	52	2	342	8
15	20	2	53	5	59	7	35	4	28	1	30	1	13	1	238	21
16	8		0		110		322	2	132	I	95	1	18	1	709	5
17 18			1 21		1 12										2 229	15
	12					1	6		10		15		14			
19	3		4		72		134		67		105		29		448	
20 21			271				137 6				86 9		59 68		912 988	
	309		10		12	1			23							2
22	177		222		351		220		288		281		272	1	2,555	2
23	205		283		360		207		279		309		250		2,933	
24	30		32		17		31		32		37		35		291	
25	3		6		8		4		4		12		6		67	
26	7		4		21		9		12		22		13		166	
27 28							o		2 3				1 e		7	
	1		3		2											
29 30	23		17		14		35		35 1 4		44 3 10	1 1	128 3 7		938 36 88	4 1 6
31	4		7		6		7	1		1				1		
32 33	9		6		10	........	22 2		3 1		12 3		11 1	1	94 8	2
34			3		5				2		6 2 274		1 1 264		23 12 2,574	
35 36	1 196								1 249							
			279		211		204									
il	132		139		104		104		77		81		101		1,456	
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47	21		27	1	11		23		79		56		94	2	692	11
	6 1 2 12												1 2 4 17	3	28 22 80 245	7 37
		4	2 6 14				5				4 6 24	1 1				
				1 5	1 1«5				5 26	4						
						2	22	2								
	6		10		15		19		13		31		15 1 59		170 2 800 18 50 2	
	39		50 1		60 1		227		161		137 9					
48 49	2 1		6				3		4		8 1		11			
																
	6,067	101														
			5,890	78	6,653	34	8,152	40	9,038	61	11,724	90	12,383	152	112,127	1,392
 
398
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF—Continued.
					1803.					
	July.		August.		September.		OCTO_EK.		--w---	
									45,507.	
	25, 763.		48,059.		47,384.		42,686.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death*.
	6,302 6 5 140 2 2	67 2 1	17,274 1 11 160 5 6 1	354	12,186	139	9,234 1 6 81	143	7,224	133
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
				4	10 119 4 5 1 1 13 64 14 11 18 8 3 84 5 25 4				17 41 2	1
										
										
						3 1	1 1			
								1	1 1 11 63 6	1
										
	1 40 3 49 23	2 2	11 97 7 38 6 6 1 98 9 32 1	1		1	2 85 7 2 33	1		
										
										
										
								3	5	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
63. Cataract............................................	1 34						3 78 6 4 3		1 96 3 11 5	
										
										
	27 3									
										
Order HI.—Diseases of Ear.										
	6 5 8 35		16 1 7 72		7 4 8 38		4 3 5 29		3 1 7 26	
										
										
										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	12 1	5	10 1	2 1	10	1	4 4	1	8 1 1 1 2	2 1
										
					2 1 1 3 38 13 1 22 134 59					
			5				1			
										
	2 23 13 1 7 87 23		6 45 15 2 16 107 39 1 7 13 31 24 10 11 197 214 75	1		1 1	2 22 11			
									19 6	2 1
										
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.							13 134 15	1	13 177 15 1 3 9 34 33 5 20 116 95 33	
										
										
										
	1 5 13 17 9	1		1 1 1 1 3	4 12 39 30 8 4 124 146 27 2 28 46	1 1	3 21 28 30 5 4 128 98 15 1 7 24	1		
										
										
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic...............................................	104 142 53									
										
										
										
	19 35		57 80	1					12 25	2
										
										
100. Diseases of Spleen.............................	15 3 42		4 7 61 2		5 10 60 1				3 5 40	
101. Fistula in Ano.........							6 40 2			
102. Hernia............										
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach.....										
										143
	7,312	80	18,900	371	13,482	149	10, 206	151	8,201	
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
399
TABLE LXH.—DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF—Continued.
1803.		1804.													
DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
47,049.		47,253.		52,278.		48,999.		51,360.		54, 797.		53,287.		47,035.	
Cases. 6,067 1 10 51 4 1	Deaths. 101 1	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
		5,890 3 14 59 3 2 1 I 11 72 9 1 4 3 2 116 4 12 6	78 3 1 1 1	6,653 1 21 59 4	34 1 1	8,152 2 16 87 5 2	40 1	9,038 4 12 90 2	61 1	11, 724 2 20 158 4 8 1 1 7 139 9 38 1 5 2 256 4 21 5	90 4 1 1	12,383 3 10 210 8 4 1 2 14 113 7 29 31 1	152 1 1 1 1 1 2	112,127 24 152 1,255 43 31 7 11 91 1,015 83 173 124 47 17 1,599 62 207 39	1,392 9 3 1 1 14 4 4 1 6 8 5
															
2 3 80 5	3					1 5 75 7 1	1	o 3 75 5 4	1 1						
				10 92 4	1										
				3 5 1 151 4 16 1											
7 1 88 1 11 2						7		5 2 199 9 12 5							
						181 7 14 3						218 10 22 1			
8 2 3 29		6 2 17 18 1 13 4		4 2 15 31		4 2 10 38 1 9		9 4 8 26		13 7 8 29		7 1 20 38 1 10	1 2	87 34 116 409 3 114 15 5 25 6 17 286 101 14 202 2,284 279 8 35 173 677 369 79 159 1,463 2,019 407 7 181 517	1 16 2 3 1 5 2 3 1 o 48 3 1 3 1 9 1 4
8 1			1	17 1 1 1			1	8 2	1	5					
										1 1 2 1 19 10 1 20 175 9 2 1 13 78 43 10 1 183 289 46					
1	1	6				o	1	4 1	1		1	2			
1 20 4 2 14 279 13 3 5 20 67 36 3 18 87 105 31 1 11 27						2 28 7 2 21 234 30									
		12 4		32 6 1 21 281 24	1			13 5 2 18 171 19 1				15 7 2 20 191 12	1		
	1 1 10	17 314 21	1												
		1 20 92 40 13 41 59 97 10	1 6 1 1	2 14 101 34 8 8 63 178 5 1 7 33	4 1	4 14 91 26 5 25 87 161 12 2 3 34					1 6	4 13 . 56 25 9	4 1 4		
							5 1	19 47 31 1 27 101 191 33	8 2						
												214 303 67			
		10 28						3 47	1	1 39		23 99			
2 7 31		7 8 40		2 9 42		2 4 36		9 ] 26 2		9 8 55		6 3 47		64 71 520 7	
7,173	118	j 7,114	95	7,969	43	9,461	50	10,296	77	13,484	104	14,262	172	127,8G0	1,553
 
400
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF—Concluded.
YEA!					1803.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			---~
									N'OVBMBK. 45,507.	
	25,763.		48, 059.		47, 384.		42,	386.		
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 8,201 9 42 6 8 1 36 17 59 107 4 3	Dtathi. 143 2 2 1
	7,312 21 28 2 8	80 1 I	18,900 14 45 20 20 4 47 27 112 166 10 4 3 5 1 6 22 16 17 7 4 6 1 4	371 2 3 1 4	13,482 11 45 27 19 11 41 32 82 160 12 4 3 2 1 2 31 10 20 5	149 1 1 2 2 2 1	10,206 4 30 6 12 1 6 11 52 126 2 2 1 6 1 3 19 3 15 3 5	151 1 4		
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
										
										
										
										
	32 7 132 117 6 6 2 4 8 5 12 4 5 4 6	1 1 2								
										
										
112 Piles ............................................										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
									3	
										
									5 18 5 10 2 4 1	.......
										
										
										
										
										
Order VHI.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.					5					
										
	4				7 2 2 1 1 118 192 20 36 28 9 45		1		13 2 1 1 1 71 154 7 18 39 74 82 3	11 4 14 1 1
										
	5		7 2				1 1			
										
										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	99 248 5 19 20 8 17 2		164 394 19 48 34 15 47				54 185 14 25 22 14 29 1	1 1 1		
132. Boils..............................................										
										
134. Whitlow.........................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 136. Burns.....................................										
										
										
		1	56 4 2	4	50 1 3 2 80 20 5 12 1 5	4 1 5 2				
	27 1 1						55 3 7 1 38 15 10 12 4 18	7 2 1	61 4 14 4 162 18 7 8 5 6	
										
										
										
	119 7 5 6 4 3	11 1	72 18 14 8 11 3	3 1 1 1 1						
										
										
										
148. Poisoning.........................................										
149. Other Accidents and Injuries.........................										
150. Order II.—Homicide.............										
151. Order III.—Suicide..........										
										
										179
Total................	8,321	99	20, 379	392	14,645	170	11,024	169	9,286	
:------ .										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
401
TABLE LXIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF—Concluded.
1803.			1804.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		M	VY.	June.		Total.	
47,049.			47,253.		52,278.		48,999.		51,300.		54,	797.	53,287.		47, C35.	
—	Cases. 7,173	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
		118	7,114	95	7,969	43	9,461	50	10, 296	77	13,484	104	14,262	172	127, 860	1,553
104 105			4				1		1		9 69		6 64	1	80 673	5 2
	47		78		101		75		49							
106	8	2	12		15		11		8		25	1	21		161	7
107	13	2	6		4		11	1	11		13	2	14	2	139	19
108	3		1	1	1	1	1		1	1	5	2	2		31	7
109	10		17		17		14		21		31		25		287	5
110	13	1	11		13		4		2		17		15	1	169	4
111	37		23	1	22		29		35		74		165		822	3
112	124		109		108		129		125		172		176		1,619	
113	9	2	6		6		11		20		12		15		113	4
114	1		3		4		1		3		3		12		46	
11")			2				1								12 35	
116	1		2		2	1	2		4		1		3			1
117 118					2 8				1 9						14 81	
	9		10				11				10		3			
119	15		12		10		18		17		21		19		214	
120	4		3		2		7	1	8		6		4		72	1
121	11		8		7		9		12		9		6		129	
122	1		4		1		3		3		3		2		38	
123	2		o				1		2		4		4	1	34	1
124 125 126	1 1 7		1 3 5		1 1 6										15 19 89	
							7 20		5 5		1 11					
													6			
127 128			1 2		1 1		1 1		2 1		4 3				13 29	
	3												2			
129 130	1 1				2 2		3 1		4		1 1				16 14	
			6										1			
131	89				63		51		91		139		106		1,117	1
132	148		140		198		170		202		213		271		2,515	
133	22		8		20		14		12		15		15		171	1
134	33		37		36		25		40		32		45		394	
135	34		42		52		41		36		50		57		455	
136	9		13		11		7		14		16		19		209	11
137	87	1	93		113		82		121		97	1	119		932	2
138 139	2				2	2	1	24	1	3	1	1	1		14	2 63
				5												
140	75		84		117		116		91		114		76		922	
141	7		7		g		4		8		8		5		61	
142	4		4 .......		11		7		7		8		8		76	
143 144			1		1 24	3	2 43	1 4			2 228				12 1,810	2 141
	14	5	24	4					967	44		38	39	3		
14o	25		24		31	1	36		25		9		48		276	1
14b	24		33		18		13		13		15		22		179	3
147	5		12		11		14	1	6		8		26		128	1
148 149	8 8		23 12	1					3 19		26 7		26 21		111 114	2 7
					4	1	8	1								
1501 151 152		1		2 1				1		1 1		1		2		10 3
																
																
—		132	8,073				10,467									
_J	8,089			110	9,027	52		84	12, 301	127	14, 977	153	15,731	195	142,320	1,802
51 
402
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE LXIII.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					] nan.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		N<>VF.Mll_n.	
										
	8, 808.		7, 756.		6 086				6,152.	
					' '					
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Ca6cs.	Deattu. 5 1
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	11	3	43	1	53 2 10	8 1	39 1 2	1	23 1 4	
										
	5	1	8	2						
										
	72 107 27 5		53 54 13 1		40 81 23 13 1 179 10 82 5 3	1	53 28 49 2 1 129 33 34 3 4	1 1 1	44 44 29 1	1
										
										
										
										
	724 47 265 9 7 5 8	1 1	396 16 84 7 7						143 27 14	
										
										
										
									5	1
										
										
										
18. Diphtheria..........................................	3 31 28 10 18 76 11 1 50 1	1			1 1 14		2 6 12 2 5 41 1		11 11 61 2 12 30 1	
			1 27 3 2 25	1						
										
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis.........................................					2 16 2					
										
24. Orchitis........................................										
										
			11		3		1		4	
										
										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.	4		3		3		10		6	
										
	2 7						2 1 1		2	
					1					
										
	13		20		13					
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...............................................							2 23 23 1			
	62 88 6		52 41 10		33 30 4	1			46 31 4	
										
										
										
										
									1	
42. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	4 4 7		1 1 1 3 8							
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.					1		5 1 12 16		3 2 10	...
										
45. Other Diseases of this Order..............					9 4 1					
CLASS 111.—PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch..........	29									
47. Tape-worm.......									iD 1.....	
48. Other Intestinal Worms-.									1 ....	
										
Carried forward___									-	
	1,747	7	891	4	640	11	545	4	587 I 8	
										1
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1864.
403
          TABLE LXIII.



of the Department of the Northwest.
		1803. || 18«4-															
	---- ll December. j			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	5,242. j			6,706.		5,791.		5,118.		6, 350.		4,626.		5,104.		5,981.	
	1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49	Cases. 8	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. ]	Deaths.	Cases.	deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths. 1	
			------1 1	4 1 8		2		5	2	11	4	4	3	5	1	208 5 42	28 1 5
		2			1	2				1							
																	
		21 4 6		16 22 29 5 1 46 18 12 2 7 2		5 32 6 1		23 13 13		15 36 19		9 26 25		35 44 15 1		386 491 254 29 3 2,008 177 558 34 77 R5 46 1 41 242 G08 45 81 322 30 2 75 1 7 206	2 1 4 2 1 2 13 1 1 1 2
																	
		52 8 14 3 4			1	34 8 4		41	1	37 1 7 I 11 34 13 1 3 58 83 4 8 18 3	2 1 8 1	51 5 10 3 14 26 10	1	176 4 32 1 9 7	2		
																	
																	
						1 6 2	1	5 5 13									
																	
																	
		5 4 65 2 2 17 2		2 32 66		2 48 128		3 23 78 16 3 24				2 17 33 3 7 20 5 1		7 10 13 3 15 31 2			
				3 10 1		4 14 2											
																	
		2						2						2			
																	
		1 3												6 G			
				15		42		20		50	2	44					
		3		1 2				4 1	1	4				1		19 12 2 47 2 455 398 33	1 1 1 1
							1										
						1											
		1															
																	
		23 19 2		27 24 4		23 16 1		23 33	1	50 38		39 36		04 19 1			
																	
						1			2					1		2 I 19 37 10 34 108 1 1	2 1
																	
		2 2	1	2 2						I 3		2 1		G 8 2			
						4 1		3									
																	
		9		14		21		15		10		16		11			
		1															
																..................	
																	
		287	1	378	2	412	2	366	7	520	18	411	4	537	3	| 7,321 |	71
 
404
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST—Continued.
	Ls(>3 ~~]									
	July.		August.		September.		October.			--------!
										
	8, 808.		7,756.		6,086.		4,030.		6,152.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,747	7	891	4	640	11	545	4	587	8
CLASS IV. —LOCAL DISEASES.										
Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.	1									
	19 97 2		8 34 1	1	1 38		4 38 1		3 15	
										
										
	6 2		1 3					1		
										
	1 17		1 9		7		9 8		5	
	2		1				I		3	
	5 1		3		2	1	1	1		
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.	1		1						1	
							]		1	
	145		102		48		23		36	
	3						I			
					1					
			1				2		1	
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
	9				I		0		3	
	3									
	10		2		1				3	
	19				1		3		5	
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.				1						
	2		2		3		1		o	
									1	
									I	
										
										
			y							
	3		3				2		2	
	6		1				1			
	2						1			
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
	2		1				4		3	
	39		27		g		19		71	
	28		21		13		17		25	
	6						3		1	
			1 7				4 16	2	5 15	2
	13				8					
	6	1	2				3		8	
	4		1				1		3	
					2		20	1	47	
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.										
93 Colic ...............................	25		11		12		11		11	
	204 13		91 5		59 4		50 2		36	
										
										
										
	35		22		9		14		26	
										
										
			2 3							
102. Hernia...................................	12				6		7 1.......		5	
										
	2,490					13				10
Carried forward..................		8	1,260	7	870		816	9	925	
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
405
TABLE LXIIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST—Continued.
	1803.		1804.													
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	5,242.		6,700.		5,791.		5,118.		6, 350.		4, 626.		5,104.		5,981.	
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 80 87 88 89 9C 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	Cases. 287	Deaths. L	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			378	o 1	412	2	366	7	520	18	411	4	537	3	7,321 1 51 314 10 1 7 8 13 109 14 7 17 6 3 555 5 5 10	71 1 1 1 2 1 4
	4 5 1	1	2 12 1		5 15 1				3 27 1		1 3		1 18			
							12									
										1						
														1		
	1 1 4 2				1						1					
													1 9 3			
			8		7 2		13		14		8					
																
	1		6	2			1		2 1							
					2											
	1 15															
			28		25		16		16 1		34		67			
							3 1						1 1			
			...........						4							
																
							1		1 1 3 2		2		3		22 4 24 43	1 1 I 1
																
			1 6		3 4								1			
	2						1									
																
			3		2		1		2	1	3	........	2 o	1	23 3 1 2	
																
																
					1				1	1						
																
																
	2 2				2 1 1 1 50 12		2 1 1	1	2 1 1 1 40 14				3 3 2 3 31 7		21 18 9 20 425 187	1 1
											1					
																
	1 50 14		o 45 3								2 18 24	1				
							26 9									
															10 48 235 94 15 250 109 677 29 1 1 167	70 4 1 1
	6 24 11		3 49 19 1 22 5 21 1	5	6 19 7 1 18 8 48		9 17 8	2	8 41 13 1 54 11 55 1	54 3	6 13 11 1 23 1 37 1					
												3	13 5 2			
	32 1 34						32 2 15 1									
													11 27 1			
					1											
						1							1 13			
	8		7		13		3		9		8					
			1				1						1		3 3 58	
	1 4															
			1		3		3		4		4		6			
	i															
	514	2	625	10	671	3	545	10	855	78	613	8	775	5	10,959	163
 
406
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST—Concluded.
					1S(	;:t				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									N°V-„BgR. 6, ist	
	8,808.		7,756.		6,086.		4,030.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 9	Cases. 925	Dcatlu. 10
	2,490 2 26 3 6	8	1,260	7	870	13	816 1 21 4			
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
			11 5		6 2				71 1	
										
										
										
	2 6 11 21 34		1 4 2 13 28 2		1	1			3 1 14 13	
							1 13 3 2 2			
					2 7 10 5					
112. Piles................................................										
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
	2		2							
										
	3 5		1 5				1 2			
				1	11					
									1 3	
	2 1 1		2		1		1			
122. Hydrocele..........................................										
			2		2		1			
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.									1	
										
	1								4	
										
							1			
										
										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	11 26 5 12 10 2 12		13 19		2 7		6 11		11 9 2 2 9 5 16 1	
132. Boils...............................................										
133. Carbuncle...........................................										
134. Whitlow............................................			2 8 2 12		3 9					
							1			
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 136. Burns...............................................										
					18		34			
										
								1		
	22 2 5		7		6		7 1 3		8 1	
										
					2					
										
	26 5	2	11 7 4 4 13 11	1	35 3 1	4	5 6 2 4	1 1	5 9 2	
										
										
	3 10 11									
				1	2 8					
149. Other Accidents and Injuries................									7	
										
151. Order IH.—Suicide........		1								
										
									1,124	10
	2,778	11	1,451	10	1,013	18	949	12		
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4,
407
TABLE LXIIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST—Coucluded.
1803.									1801.							
December.			January. 1 February. 1 March.						April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	5,242.		6, 706.		5,791.		5,118.		6,350.		4, 626.		5,104.		5,181.	
104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152	Cases. |	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases Deaths. J Cases.			Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.	
	514	2	625	10	671	3	545	10	855 1 35 2 1 1 3 4 1 3 2	78	613	8	775	5	10, 959 4 333 57 14 9 20 21 69 94 115 13 1 5	163 1 2 2 1
	30 4		34 1 o 1	1	29 8 1 5 5		28 2 o 1 1 1 2 4 8	1		1	14 7 2	1	28 18	1		
	1 3 2 5 11 15 2															
											1					
			1 4 6 9 1										1 5 7 3 1 1			
					8 5						2 1 2					
																
											1					
																
	1		1		2 5		3		2		2				16 29 3 11 6 10 1 3 17 1 3 1 2 84 126 12 40 92 29 182 5	1 1 12 1 4
													1			
	2															
									1				1 1			
					1		1 1				2 1					
									2							
																
	1								2 2							
			3		1						3		3			
	1															
							1		1							
											1 1 3 5					
					1 3 7 2 2 3 4 10											
	11 12 1 3 1 2 10		4 8				11 2 1 2 2 1 12 1		2 5				7 15 1 7 11 4 18 1			
			4 9 4 8 2								3 24 3 18					
									5 2 14							
																
	13 2 2		4 3		14 1 3		8 1		17 1		12 2 2 5 1 6 3		12 1 3 3 6 4		130 15 20 10 103 71 24 17 28 98	
									2 6 9 7	1						
	4 11	1	1 6 1				3 3 o 4	2								
					2 2 1											
	1															
											1 1		o 1			
	16	2	36		5		1	1	1							
										1						o
																
			778													
__	681 ____	5		11	803	3	654	14	989	81	742	9	941	6	12,903	190
 
408                SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE LXIV.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					18(	;;$.			1	
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		V	
									23,429.	
	27,144.		24,475.		24,134.		25,388.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Coses.	Deathi 9 1
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	17 1 16	1	19	12	36	5	23	5	40 1 2	
										
		1	6		9		6			
										
	282 390 328 41 11 1,512 170 300 26 40 15 7	5 2 1 3 5 3 2	312 473 438 56 7 646 148 222 78 17 1 1	2 4 2 5 1	350 669 566 70 32 633 164 273 50 30 3 2	2 2 1 5 2 3	258 429 359 46 45 532 107 222 76 ' 24 2	1 1 4 1	332 445 436 123 35 449 80 100 40 26 3 1	1 3 7 1 1
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
	2 32 77 19 63 128 7		1 8 16 24 80 139 7		3 10 31 9 83 192 3 1 37		9 5 186 2 82 210 10 1 46		1 12 641 7 56 245 6	
										
										
										
ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis.........................................										
										
24. Orchitis.............................................										
										
	8 2 1 43		12						31	
27. Serpent Bite....................................										
			1 27		2 5 7 2 2 7		1 2 1 6			
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................									9	
										
	7 7 5	1	10 1 7	1					3 5 10	
										
							4 5	1		
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	80 58 78		40 48 35		60 43 26		70 54 28		145 51 29	
										
										
										
	I								1 1 2 21 23 1 62	2
			1 5 2 8							
	5 11 4									
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.					7 21	2	6 16			
										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch..................	65 1 1		28		45		28			
										
			2							
									1 I	
Carried forward........									3,495	•IT
	3,861	24	2,926	27	3,483	22	2,901	13		
i									1 J----'	
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
409
         TABLE LXIV.
of the Department of the Missouri.
	1803	:R. Deaths.	1804.													
DECEMBl 23,138			January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			22,762.		22, 801.		34, 573.		28, 706.		17, 606.		19, 470.		24,469.	
	Cases.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 1 Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	55	2	54	10	21	6	46	5	25	8	17	7	16	5	369	75
2 3 4 5			2 5	1			24 3		1 21	3	1 9				30 127	1 8
	49	2			1							1				
																
	125		124	1	115		153		201		130	2	250		2,632	14
6	317		226		205		391		388		215		183		4,331	
7	367		213		148		261		445		198	1	226		3,985	1
8	71		108		58		19		42		37		9		680	
9	35	2	5		8	3	21	1	29	a	11	4	7	1	246	21
10	424		384		275		392		395		361		637	2	6,640	4
11	67	2	89	2	80	2	98	3	72	3	44	5	52	4	1,171	44
12	86		87		65		90	1	152		136	3	274	4	2,007	18
13	17	1	29	1	17	1	19		45		25		17	1	439	16
14	51		47	1	42		65		95	4	43	1	35		515	5
15	32	5	96	3	38	4	77	3	143	3	37	2	7		454	24
16	155		301	8	132	6	227	5	343	18	96	13	181	16	1,446	66
17 18 19			5 10 225		1 6 101		1 7 192				2 4 54	1	2 1 23		11 52 1,041	1 1
									8 265	1						
	114															
20	516		558		249'		333		250		171		37		3,065	
21	11		3		3		1		45		18		20		162	
22	92		60		58		109		214	1	48	1	124		1,069	?.
23	182		158		115		230		203		74		157		2,033	
24	11		13		9		10		8		7		8		99	
25 26 27 28			2 25 1 2		2 10				1 28		1 12		2 16	........	10 267 3 103	
	28						14 .									
																
	1				39		23		8		4		21			
29	3		6		8		4		15		18		7		147	
30 31	1 6														9 62	3
		1	5		4		6		9		3	1	1	1		
32	2		3	1	5	1	4		7		7	1	5		48	4
33 34	1		3	1	2		1								40 5	3
																
35 36																
	135		114		91		129		122	1	73		80		1,139	1
37	66		77		56	1	95		69		51		65		733	1
38	11		31		18		18		29		15	1	29		347	1
39 40 41																
	-		1 1				2 3		1 1				1 2		7 12	
	2				1											
42	6		4		3		3		6	2	22		6	1	62	3
43	14	3	10	1	8	3	16	2	11		9		9	3	124	16
44	33		34		10		9		9		10		6		183	
45 46			2 123												i 3 1,334	
	146				237		262		134		86		98			
47 48 49							2		1		1 1 1		1		j 6 5 j 1	
			1													
																
																
	3,232	18	3,247	30	2,241	27	3,360 i	1 20	3,841	46	2,052	44	2,615	38	37,254	334
52 
410
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIV.—DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI—Continued.
					18<>;*.					MBEK. '
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		N'OVE	
	27,144.		24,475.		24,134.		25,388.			
									23,42:t.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 3,495	Deathi. 25
	3,861 1 8 90 1	24	2,926 1 4 56 2 1	27	3,483	22	2,901	13		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
				1	6 30 2 1		4 20		5 36	
										
							1	1	1	
	1 9 3 50 3 6 6 5	3								
							1 5 38 5			
					14 43 2				6 64 2	
		1	36 1 7	1						
										
										
61. Other Diseases of this Order.........................					2		3			
Order II.—Diseases of Eye. 62. Amaurosis..........................................			1 1 187 13 1						1 1 199 I	
										
	194 1 1				228 13		192 7			
										
66. Night Blindness.....................................										
					9		1		8	
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
	9		2		.1		3		4 3 7 22	
										
	3 21 1 3		7 19		9 8		3 7			
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
74. Valvular Disease of Heart........................			5 3		4 2		5 1		6 1 1	1
75. Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................										
76. Dropsy of Pericardium ... .........................	1 1									
77. Inflammation of Pericardium........................			3	1	1					
78. In flammation of Endocardium...................										1
79. Inflammation of Veins...........................										
	3 1 1 3 95 22 2		3 1		o 2		2		4 3	
81. Varicocele.................................										
82. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.			7 49 39 4 1 5 32 16 1 4 31 101 19 1		6 59 12		8 243 32	1		
										
									46	
86. Dropsy of Chest...................................										
87. Haemorrhage from Nose............................							1 22 89 23 6 12 33	2 1 2	6 38 203 38 11 72 34 155 13	9 1
88. Inflammation of Larynx....................	9 30 28 5 16 80 137 34	1 1			11 66 13 4 4 40 118 27	4 1				
89. 1 nflammation of Lungs......................										
90. Inflammation of Pleura......................										
91. Haemorrhage from Lunps........................										
92. Other Diseases of this Order......................										
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic...................................										
										
95. Cholera Morbus...............................							4 ........			
96. Cirrhosis of Liver.............................										
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease.....................	1 35	1			1 31		3 ........ 16 ........		2 31	
98. Dyspepsia....................			29							
99. Diseases of Pancreas.........										
100. Diseases of Spleen............	2		1 1 11 1		4 1 14		2 !........		3 3 18 1	37
101. Fistula in Ano......										
102. Hernia........	20 1						11 1			
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach___										
										
Carried forward.........	4,804	31	3,633	30	4,273	27	3,843	21	4,894	
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 18G4.
411
TABLE LXIV.—DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI—Continued.
18(>3. December.			1804.													
			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	23,138.		22,762.		22,801.		34, 573.		28,706.		17, 606.		19,470.		24,469.	
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 81 85 86 87 88 83 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103	Cases. 3,232	Deaths. 18	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			3,247 6 7 31 1 2 2 4	30 1	2,241 1 11 37 2 1	27	3,360 2 7 41	20 1	3,841 1 12 21 1 1 2 4 5 96 2	46	2,052	44	2,615	38	37,254 12 78 465 13 1G 9 20 40 735 22 17 52 12 11 2,445 74 6 69	334 1 1 ........1 ........1 6 1 9 1 1 2 6
	6 13 1 4	4								1 1	3 41 2 2		5 49 1			
							2	1								
													4	2		
	1 2 90	1					1									
					1 65 1 1 9 1 1 164 9						4 57 1					
			41				80 2	1					75 3 3 7			
																
	3 2		3 1 2 165 2			2	9	2	5 1 1 227 2 2 2	2	5					
							2 232 9				2 244 6 2 7		1 231 4			
	182 7															
	7				3		1						31			
																
	20		2 1 20 13 1 5		1		5 1 9 17		3 1 20 28		3 2 6 15		3		56 8 106 193 2 49 12 7 15 3 1 53 27 5 59 2,321 579 10 20 303 1,692 474 54 251 408 1,917 130 7 19 321	2 1 3 4 2 118 9 1 3 1 1
	4 20				10 18								8 5			
	4 3				4		5		4 2		1	1	3			
			1 4				4									
					4 1				1 2				1			
						1				1						
	1 1 4 1 8 296 59 2 1 51 219 46 8 31 29 112 3															
			8 2		11 4 2 7 268 52		5		3 5 1 2 242 73 1		6 2		5 1			
			6 301 92	1			5 283 112	1					3 75 17 1			
										2 1	64 23					
		14	2 27 308 56 3 30 27 226 3	15 1 1	1 22 207 44 3 24 11 122 1 4 3 33	13	6 46 256 47 2 37 32 195 8				2 9 56 37 4 7 33 135 4 1					
								15 3	49 192 104 3 12 38 192 3 1 2 38	29 2		8 1	14 34 22 4 2 20 285 11	8		
	3 11		2 30				29									
											17		21			
	1 1 14		1 3 8		3						2 2 12		3		22 17 162 4	1
							4 13		2 11							
					9 1								21			
			1 *													
	4,503	37	4,696	49	3,418	43	4,873	44	5,261	85	2,871	54	3,588	48	50,657	506
 
412
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIV.—DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI-Concluded.
					' IS	53.				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November. 23,429. Cases. . Do:ithi.	
										
	27,	144.	24,	475.	24,134.		25, 338.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		
	4,804 1 18 6 1	31	3,633	30	4,273	27	3,843	21	4,894	1
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										V
			34 4 8	3 1	19 4 4 1 4 22 36 48 1 1	2	29 3 3	2	56 o 5 1 27 2 79 38 21 1 18 5 1 o 7 3	
										
										
										
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver........................	11 13 9 65 2		6 6 27 29 5 4	1			12 13 31 50 9			
										
										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
							1			
	1				2					
										
	3 6 3		3 24		2 12 2 4					
							17 1 1			
										
			1							
	1									
					2 1 1 4		1 I I 5			
Order VHI.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.									1 1 3	
125. Caries.............................................	2 1		2 1							
										
										
	1 3		1				2		4 2 1 48 65 16 6 49 10 60 2	
										
					6 33 114 3 7 10 2 53 2					
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	32 115 6 9 16 9 52 4		29 86 3 11 14 7 47 1				34 64 7 9 13 20 60 2	2		
132. Boils.........................................										
133. Carbuncle.......................................										
										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ' Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 136. Burns..............................................										
										
										
										
	57 4 6 2 50 5 10 7 5 2	1 4 2 2	37 2 11 1 36 13 6 7 3 3	1 6 2	23 4 11 1 50 8 16 9 2 1	1 3	23 4 9		51 3 3	
										
										
										
							53 15 4 14	7 1	42 18 22 5	4
										
										
										
										
						1	18	1 1	2	
150. Order II.—Homicide.............										
151. Order III.—Suicide___		2								
										1 42
										
Total............	5,349	42	4,105	44	4,798	34	4,372	35	5,574	
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
413
TABLE LXIV—DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI-Concluded.
	1803. i|		1804.													
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	23,138. \		22,762.		22,801.		34, 573.		28,706.		17,606.		19,470.		24,469.	
	Cases. 4,503	Deaths. 37	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			4,696	49	3,418 1 83 2 3 I 4 17 32 32 5 2	43 1	4,873 4 71 21 3 2 40 5 18 49 I 7 1	44 1	5,261 1 74 16 6	85	2,871	54	3,588 1 29 6 8	48	50, 657 8 636 76 62 8 158 141 386 498 90 28 25 18 2 28 138 21 19 12 14 14 14 36 1 19 10 8 475 957 59 100 307 100 722 16	506 8 10 1 2 5 1 1 2 3 6 52 1 2 •1 1 5 4 2 2
105 106 107	91 1 15	2	99 7 5 2 8 10 49 37 3 1	1 1						2 3	33 4 1 1 4 4 12 35 18 7 2	1 1 I				
106 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152	26 12 72 44 3	1						1	6 31 17 30 1 2				10 6 4 41 16 1	1		
	3 3															
			4		3								2			
									L 4 4 2 1 2							
	3 11 5 2		2 15 1 1 1 1 5 3 4		1 10 2 1 3 2 1 1 4 1 1		3 15			1	3 7 1 4 2 2 1		2 10 1 4			
																
							3 2 1									
													4 2 2			
	1															
									1 7							
	1						5				1					
																
	2		6 1 1 46 63 2 9 12 12 64				1 1				1 1					
													2			
																
	33 58 3 8 7 13 46 1	1			37 49 4 5 9 8 52 1		34 90 3 11 7 3 64		75 105 3 10 26 10 66 1		40 60 5 8 48 3 68		34 88 4 7 96 3 90 2 43 5 3 2 31 9 12 2	1 5		
												2 2 5				
	41 2 2 3 23 7 6 5 1 10		65 6 3		39 2 5 1 21 19 2 7		44 1 11		32 3 5 2 47 16 12 1 2 5	1 7 1	44 2 4 2 56 12 8 6				499 38 73 14 439 166 113 69 14 184	
		2 1	g 20 3 1	1		2	21 24 12 5 1 2	6								
			123	1	1						6		11	1		
																
										1						
		44														
	5,067		1 5,400	53	3,892	46	5,459	52	5,888	101	3,387	66	4,181	56	57,472	615
 
414
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE LXV.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1803.						
											
	July.		August.		September.		October.				
											
			21, 368.		24,034.		27,606.		28,117.		
											
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.'		
CLASS 1__ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.			56 2 62	9	57	8	27	7	15 2 24	5 1	
											
				7	74	16	55	3			
											
			1,093 2,691 1,341 175 161 1,268 277 360 64 19 1	10 39 1 5 5 2	784 2,663 1,253 259 117 1,057 328 357 48 36 3	18 25 17 21 12 1	390 1,764 1,263 256 45 1,231 281 418 58 16 14 1	3 8 8 10 10 3	227 1,284 926 267 16 900 236 303 84 32		
											
											
											
										O	
										-	
											
											
										g	
											
											
									1		
											
			1 15 17 30 11 23 4 1 4 2 1 20	1			4 7 68 14 27 86 8 4 18 2 1 7		2 8 181 19 253 73 7 3 12	1	
											
					14 10 39 33 1 1 3 1						
											
ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases.											
											
24. Orchitis.......................................											
											
											
											
											
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.					3				10		
											
					1		2 1	1	3 1	2	
											
			1								
											
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.											
			68 32 39	1 2	64 35 125		93 47 93 2 1		108 46 74	1	
											
										1	
									1		
					1 3 2 5						
									1 2	!.......	
			6 3 6	1							
ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases.						1	8 2	1	4 2		
											
											
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch...........			10		4		18		41	!	
47. Tape-worm......									2 1....... i		
48. Other Intestinal Worms.			2				2				
											
Carried forward.....										i 55	
			7,866	83	7,381	119	6,334	54	5,171		
L-------------------------										I	
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1864.
415
        TABLE LXV.
of the Department of Arkansas.
		1803.		1804.													
	December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May. June.				Total.	
	30,683.			30, 558.		28,475.		22,717.		28, 973.		33, 647.		34,934.		28,283.	
	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49	Cases. 11	Deaths. 2	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 1	deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 2	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
				17 6 16	3	12 2 24	3 1	16 9 18		15	3	30 12 22	9 4	65 1 86	22 2	321 34 402	73 37
		15	1						2	6							
		163 860 887 163 12 839 204 243 54 44 5 10 2 3 12 238 22 57 112 8 1 20	1 7 12 11	185 861 689 158 9 642 135 190 32 32 13 14	2 2 14 2 1 1 1	133 764 656 207 8 502 81 148 24 32 15 53	1 1 2 4 1 1 2	195 602 777 146 12 475 92 208 24 39 9 115	4 3 1 2 5	205 686 961 158 38 742 90 362 34 42 20 178	3 1 3 4 3 11	412 980 995 137 11 2,030 183 773 68 73 90 209	3 1 4 3 1 4 5 8	593 1,022 1,014 214 19 3,049 345 821 76 89 36 212	2 10 3 12 14 2 2 10 16	4,380 14,177 10, 762 2,140 448 12.735 2,252 4,183 566 454 186 793 2 57 507 1,490 585 698 1,006 113 17 159 9 326 545 13 19 9 7 2	37 2 1 105 7 103 69 47 13 20 42 1
			1	4 59 319 16 34 103 17 2 20		5 69 327 61 28 66 9 1 20		14 80 161 14 39 117 17		3 117 75 45 44 152 13 2 12 1 27 64		16 77 50 132 52 128 21		5 63 40 222 114 113 8 2 15 2 104 150 1 3 2			
																	1 1 4 1
								18				17 1 192 167 8 2					
						1 33 2 2											
		2 2 3 4 1		32				57									
				1				1 1		1	1						
										5							
												1	1	1			
																	
		175 79 55	1	138 67 43		135 41 22		121 46 14		152 73 9		166 87 26		194 76 72	1	1,414 629 572 2 6 14 28 91 71	2 1 4 13
								1 1 6 8 3				1					
		1 4 12 6	3	2 1 11 10										6 2 10 22			
					3	2 10 6						3 14 7					
									1	6 9	1						
		57		179		164 1 1		97 2		127 1		118		66 1 2		881 7 11	
		1		1													
																	
																	
		4,387	39	4,058	29	3,667	16	3,555 1 20		4,475	30	7,311	43	8,918	96	63,123	584
 
416
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  LXV.—DEPARTMENT OF  ARKANSAS—Continued.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
               Brought forward...................
        CLASS IV.—LOCAL  DISEASES.

        Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
 50. Apoplexy......................................
 51. Epilepsy.......................................
 52. Headache......................................
 53. Insanity.......................................
 54. Inflammation of Brain..........................
 55. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain............
 56. Inflammation of Spinal Cord.  ..................
 57. Nostalgia......................................
 58. Neuralgia.....................................
 59. Paralysis......................................
 60. Sun-stroke.....................................
 61. Other Diseases of this Order....................
            Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
 62. Amaurosis.....................................
 63. Cataract.......................................
 64. Inflammation of Conjunctiva....................
 65. Inflammation of Iris............................
 66. Night Blindness................................
 67. Other Diseases of this Order....................
            Order IH.—Diseases of Ear.
 68. Earache.......................................
 69. Inflammation of Internal Ear...................
 70. Deafness.......................................
 71. Otorrhoea......................................
 72. Other Diseases of this Order....................
    Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of  Circulation.
 73. Aneurism......................................
 74. Valvular Disease of Heart......................
 75. Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
 76. Dropsy of  Pericardium................j........
 77. Inflammation of Pericardium...................
 78. Inflammation of Endocardium..................
 79. Iuflammation of Veins..........................
 80. Varicose Veins.................................
 81. Varicocele.....................................
 82. Other Diseases of this Order....................
      Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
 83. Asthma........................................
 84. Acute Bronchitis...............................
 85. Chronic Bronchitis.............................
 86. Dropsy of  Chest...............................
 87. Haemorrhage from Nose........................
 88. Inflammation of Larynx........................
 89. Inflammation of Lungs.........................
 90. Inflammation of Pleura.........................
 91. Haemorrhage from Lungs.......................
 92. Other Diseases of this Order....................
      ORDER  VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
 93. Colic..........................................
 94. Constipation...................................
 95. Cholera Morbus................................
 96. Cirrhosis of Liver..............................
 97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease...................
 98. Dyspepsia.....................................
 99. Diseases of Pancreas...........................
100. Diseases of Spleen.............................
101. Fistula in Ano..................................
102. Hernia........................................
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach.....................
1803.
July.
Cases.  Deaths.
Carried forward
August.
21,368.
Cases.  Deaths.
7,866
  3
  3
 18
 20
  4
  2

 57
140
 39
  1
  1
  5
8,580
83
96
September.
24,034.
Cases.  Deaths.
7,381
 3
44
 1
 2
 81
170
 36
8,217
119
131
October.
NOVEMBKB.
27,606.
Cases.  Deaths.
6,334
31
109
  1
  1
  3

 10
  2
  3
  5
 4
70
14
 2
 55
122
 17
7,071 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1864.
417
TABLE LXV.—DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS—Continued.
	1803.		1804.													
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
30,683.			30,558.		28,475.		22,717.		28,973.		33, 647.		34, 934.		28,283.	
r 1	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	4,387	39	4,058	29	3,667	16	3,555	20	4,475	30	7,311	43	8,918	96	63,123	584
50 51	1 8						2		1	1	1				11	6
			4	1	5	2	2		5		7		8		63	3
52	67		110		59		56		68		110		135		808	
13	1								1		3		1		10	
"A	5	3	4	4	7	5	2	3	1	1			2	1	31	25
55 56 57		4			2	1	1		1	1	1		3	1	13	8
	2						1								10	I
	9		10		5		2		6		3		5		56	
58	90		119		92		58		101		112'		103		955	
59 60 61 62 63 64	3		1		1		1						4		12	1
											4		13 1 18 2 248		44 139 38 3 1,742	3
	I								1 2							
			1 1 178		1		7				4					
																
	164				171		144		150		231					
65	1		3		4		5		6		7		1		38	
66 67			5 7				2 I		10 2		8 1		9		44 20	
	4				1											
68 69															10 77	
	2		5		4		13		6		13		22			
70 71	1 3		2 12				5 11		1 8		4 16		4 10		24 77	
					1											
72	27		31		19		9		14		9		3		163	
73 74 75 7C 77 78 79 80	1 3														1 24 1 1 9 3 5 63	3 I 3 2
					2	1			4		3		6 1	1		
																
	1															
					5	1	1	1					1	1		
																
							5 3									
	5		3		3				5		13		7			
81	9		2		2		2		2		4		5		34	
8-2 83							2 3	1					1 5		3 51	2
	6		12		6				7		4					
84	280	1	305		238		202		179		222		124		1,936	3
85	25	1	38		34		25		19		25		34		280	2
8G 87 88									1 2 12		1 11 21		3 10 20		7 43 193	1
	2 18				3 37		5 18	I								
			34													
89	156	10	200	15	103	6	109	10	140	21	88	15	48	3	1,048	95
9C	57		100	2	43		47	8	40		62	1	50		533	11
91	5		4		6		6		5		5	1	25		72	2
92			32	2	7 29		31 40	1	1				1		85	3
93	48		44						55		91		116		676	1
94	126		142		131		102		121		206		271		1,658	
95 96 97	4		12 2 4		7				10		37		42		217 4 62	1 1 1
																
	7				3		2		4		8		5			
98	16		27		24		16		24		27		43		276	
99 100									1 10						2 89	
	6		15		2		6				8		1			
101 102	2 29		3 12								1 25		2 26		15 193	
					13		22		19							
103							1						1		6	
	5,586	59														
			5,542	53	4,737	32	4,525	45	5,520	54	8,707	60	10,359	103	75,101	763
53 
418                            SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  LXV.—DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS-Concludod.
Year............
MONTH...........

Mean Strength .
18(53.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward.
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
104. Haemorrhage from Bowels.....
105. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
106. Inflammation of Stomach......
107. Inflammation of Bowels.......
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum...
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver...
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
111. Jaundice......................
112. Piles..........................
113. Other Diseases of this Order...
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
114. Stone and Gravel............
115. Diabetes....................
116. Bright's Disease............
117. Diseases of Prostate.........
118. Diseases of Testis...........
119. Inflammation of Kidneys---
120. Inflammation of Bladder.....
121. Incontinence of Urine.......
122. Hydrocele..................
123. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries.....................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
     Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess........................................
132. Boils..........................................
133. Carbuncle......................................
134. Whitlow.......................................
135. Skin Diseases...................................
136.
137.
136.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.

150.

151.

152.
LASS V.  WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS, AND
               INJURIES.
  ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
Burns............................................
Contusions..................
Concussion of Brain.........
Drowning...................
Sprains.....................
Dislocation.................
Simple Fractures............
Compound Fractures........
Gunshot Wounds............
Luoised Wounds.............
Lacerated Wounds..........
Punctured Wounds..........
Poisoning...................
Other Accidents and Injuries .

Order II.—Homicide.......
ORDER III.—Suicide..............

Order IV.—Execution of Sentence .

            Total................
Cases.  Deaths.
August.
21,368.
Cases.  Deaths.
8,580
 31
116
  5
9,017
96
101
September.
24,034.
Cases.  Deaths.
8,217
 35
150
  3
 13
30
 2
 1
 2
38
10
 4
 1
 1
 7
8,782
131
147
October.
27,606.
Cases.  Deaths
7,071
 47
135
  8
 16
 10
30
7,660
63
74
November.
 •28,117. 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1864.
419
TABLE LXV.—DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS—Concluded.
	1803.		1804.													
DECEMBER.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	30,683.		30,558.		28,475.		22,717.		28,973.		33, 647.		34,9X		28,283.	
~|	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	5,586	59	5,542	53	4,737	32	4,525	45	5,520	54	8,707 .	60	10,359	103	75,101	763
104 105	1 60		1								4				17 489	
			85		57		56		51		59		38	1		1
106	1		7	1	10		16		13	1	7	1	21		97	7
107	4		5		11		11		7		7		14	1	93	9
108 109					1 6		4 12	1	1 3				4 2		14 86	3
	10		6							1	3					
110	6	1	5		7		11		7		12		19		100	1
HI	48		40		27		36		33		21		38		515	2
112	86		60		54		46		49		80		98		764	
113 114					2 3		6 5				2 5		10 4		23 43	
	3		1						3							
115					2				2				1		8	
116 117	4 1	1					1						2		8 2	1
																
118 119			3 9		3 9		4 14		2 6				2 16	1	21 118	1
	21										8					
120	1		2		3		6		6		3		4		41	1
121	1		4		2		3		2		5		3		32	
122 193					3 1		1				1 1		1 1		11 6	1
	1															
124 125 126	1 2 1		1 1 3		1 1 3		1								7 8 27	1
													2 1			
							1		4		1	1				
127 128 129 130																
			1 1 1		1 2 1										9 15 7	
	1						2		1 2		1					
																
131	22		21		7		14		35		71		58		381	1
132	141		138		86		94		66		133		173		1,396	
133	4		6		2		5		8		7		8		60	
134	16		' 14		15		15		14		13		20		158	
135	38		47		41		10		23		62		101		357	
136	13		17		3		2		4		9		10		83	
137	34		38		25		33		30		52		40		318	
138 139 140							1 55	1	2		1	4	3 41	1	10	9
						1										
	72		49		51				34		63				472	
141	5		2		1		2		2		3		5	1	25	1
142	8		4		4		4		1		3		4		43	
143 144									1 807						5 1,151	63
	37	6	15	1	20	1	22	3		25	36	8	65	3		
145	13		12		14		12		6		11		15		113	
146	6		3		1		4		1		5		4		34	
147 148 149 150 151 152			2		1		3				2 2	1 1	6 24 1	1	18 39 82	t 6 3 1
	1 3								1	1 I						
			51		8	1	1									
																
			.											1		
																
	__															
L	6,253	67	6,197	55	5,226	35	5,038	50	6,747	83	9,400	76	11,221	113	82,407	875
 
420                 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
        TABLE LXYI.
Abstract of the Mortality in the
					IHT.ft					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									November.	
	26, 419.		27, 013.		28,561.		29,320.			
									25,	■>7.
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death* 76 11 23
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.		218 3 31		257 3 60		160 2 57		106		
										
								34		
										
		23 11 15 1 10 31 541 56 28 8 16 3		54 6 20 3 37 44 743 61 47 8 10 5		46 3 9 1 20 18 608 46 55 7 5		32 4 7 2 19 36 467 47 74 4 13	........	15 3 1 1 15 30 447 29 48 8 30 7
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
		12 1		5 1		7 2		2		5
										
										
		8 2		22 1		10		14		5
Order 11.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis............................................										
										
										
										
				1						
										
										
ORDER HI.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................		2 1		4						1
										
				3		2		2 1		2
										
										1 1
		1								
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
		4 7 7		1 1 6		1 1 8		1 2 15		3 3 9
										
										
										
		I								1
										
		3 75 2		1 49 3				4 41		3 45
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.						36 2				
										
										1
CLASS III.—FARASITIC DISEASES.										
										
										
										
Carried forward..........										823
		1,121		1,456		1,106		927		
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.                  421
            TABLE LXYI.
General Hospitals of the Central Region.
1803.			1804.													
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	25,109.		25, 382.		25,278.		23, 237.		23, 826.		32,175.		33,115.		27,099.	
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 164 4 55	Cases.	Deaths.
		90		83 7 14		73 3 15		86 8 13		105		115 21				1,533 43 345
																
		8								14						
																
		7 2 1 1 5 8 362 16 21 17 84 7 1 4		5 3 3		8 1 3		12 5 5		14 6 3		27 6 4 1 12 20 223 21 28 30 195 62 1 2 1		26 6 7 2 10 42 401 33 18 17 70 28		269 56 78 12 200 267 4,674 342 400 217 1,343 602 10 63 7 4 79 14
																
																
																
			........	25 6 314 12 39 14 118 22 2 3		6 8 209 6 15 30 243 124 1 7		25 14 194 5 13 35 290 179 1 5 2		16 10 165 10 14 39 269 165 4 4						
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
														7		
																
		1		1 1 2		1 5 5				1 2 1						
								2 1				3 1		7 1		
																
																
						1										1
																
																1
																
																
				1 2 6				1				3		4 1		16 8 36 3 3 2
		1 2				2 5 1				1 6						
								6 1 1				2				
																
		1														
																
																
		2 1 4		1		5 5 4		4 4 2		4 2 9	9			6 3 6		33 33 78
												4 2				
				6												
																
		1				1		1								5 1 18 602 22 2
										1						
		3 40 1		1 40 6		2 48 2								1 52 2		
								64 1		68 1		44 2 1				
																
																
																
																
						1		1								2
															..........	
		691 1														
				737		840 '		981		934		835		973		11,424
																
 
422
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXVL—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
					1803.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									25,757.	
	26,419.		27,013.		28,561.		29,320.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deathi 823 2
		1,121 2 1		1,456 3 1		1,106 2 2		927 2 1		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
										
										
		2 10		2 10 3 2				3 4 1		
						7 6 1				1 1 1 3
										
		1								
										
										
		1 1 1		2 5 2		1 4 o				
										
								5		4
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
										
										
										
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
										
										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.						1 4		1 6 2	i	
		9 2 2 1		6 1 1 1						3 2
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
		4		3		1		2		
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
		3 7		3 9		2 4 2				7 2 1
								3		
										
										
		1 42 3 1		1 29				1 42		1 85 3 1 1
						28 1 1				
										
				2 4 1				1		
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic..............................................										
										
		2		1		1				
								1 1 1		
		1		5 1		3 1				5
98. Dyspepsia.........................................										
										
										
										
102. Hernia...........		1			... .			1		
					i					...
Carried forward............					........|........					949
		1,219		1,554		1,180		1,005		
----- .										
 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING  JUNE 30,  18G4.
423
TABLE LXVL—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
18<)3		.	18(5 1.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
25,109.			25,382.		25,278.		23,237.		23,826.		32,175.		33,115.		27,099.	
	Cases.	Deaths. 691	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
				737 1		840 2 1		981 1 1		934 4 4		835		973 3 3		11,424 22 20
50																
		1										5				
51 52 53 54																
												1 14 10 1		1 11 8		9 128 81 22 8 3 13 11 39
		6 1 5 2		23 15 3 3 1 1		16 10 3		11 21 o		12 5 3						
56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63																
																
						1								1		
		5						1		2						
														1 5		
		I		1		1		12		4		1				
																
																
																
65 66																
																
																
																
b8		1	1'													1
b9			I........													
/0																
ill																
12		1 3 1 1														3 57 17 7 18 9 2
li				5		3 3		• 4 1		3 2 1 3 4		6		5 3 1 1 1		
74																
'lit												1 4 1 1				
36 77 78 79 80 81 82 83			|	2				6 3 1								
																
			|													
																
																
						1		2		1		3 1 6 10		2		19 2 101 92 8 1 21 1,563 74 29 41 2 1 9 2 30 7
			!	1 6 8												
		5 8 1	■::::::::			13 10 2		34 13		17 7 1				5 11 1		
85 86 87 88 83																
																
				1 2 163 7 1 1												
		1 97 4 3 2	i			4 230 11 3 8		3 335 16 8 15		3 276 9 2 5		2 152 14 4 3 1		2 84 6 2 2		
																
																
91 92 93																
																
																
94			......											1 4		
9*1			i ......									1				
%		1 1 1														
97			!........	1 1		2 1		3 1		3		3		2		
98																
99																
ion						1										1
101																
102				1						1 1						4 1
103																
_								|								
		843	|........	985		1,166		1,475		1,307		1,080		1,139		13,902
																
 
424
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXVL—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION-Concluded.
	1803.									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVE1	
*										(BIB.
	26,419.		27,013.		28,561.		20,320.			
									2 J, (57.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deathi. 949 3
		1,219 1 3 8 8 2 1 5 8		1,554 3		1,180 3 2 7 10 1 2 7 5		1,005 I		
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
										
				5 14 2 5 1 9				5 7 2		3 3 2 2
										
										
										
								3 3		
										
										
		2				1				3
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
						1 1				
		3		1				2		3
										
										
		1 1		2		3				
										
										
										
		1								
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
125. Caries..............................................										
										
								1		
										
								1		
		1 3								
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.				3		1		2		1
										
										
										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.								3		
				1 2						1
						1 1				
		1						1		1
										
										
		3 2 278 2				1 5 96				1 2 165
				13 87 1				6 342		
										
										
										
				1 1 8						1
								1 6		
149. Other Accidents and Injuries.........................j		14				3				2 1 1
										
151. 0 Rdek III.—Suicide...........		1								
										
Total..................										1,1« ____J
		1,568		1,713		1,331		1,391		
1										
 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 18G4.
425
TABLE LXVL—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION-Concluded.
1803.			1804.													
DECEMBER. 25,109.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			25,382.		25,278.		23,237.		23,826.		32,175.		33,115.		27,099.	
104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 14fi 147 148 149 150 151 152	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
		843 1		985		1,166		1,475		1,307 2 2 4 5 2 2 3 2		1,080 1 1 4 6 5 3 I 2		1,139 2 1 4 1 4		13,902 16 12 48 71 30 20 33 34
																
				1 3 5 4 1 4		1 I 3 1		1 3 4 3 4 1								
		1 5 2														
																
																
																
		3 2				4								1 3		
																
																
		1								1		1		4		13
																
		1 3		1 2		1 1										4 19
								2				1				
																
																
		4 1				2		2		1		1		4		20 2
																
																
																
						1		1				1				4
																
								1								1
																
										1						2 1 1 2 21
												1				
																
		1														
				1				2		1		3		4		
																
								1								1
																
																
						1 1 2 1				I 2 1						5 11 8 11 1
							........	1 1 2				3 1 1		2		
																
														3 1		
																
																
								1		I 3 47 1 1 1						7 47 1,895 9 2 9 4 42 1 8
		2 122		3 87 2		1 53 1						2 187		8 389 2		
								42								
																
								1 2								
						2								2		
		1 2										1 2				
						3				1				1		
																
		1						2		1		2				
																
	__															
		996		1,099		1,246		1,552		1,393		1,310		1,575		16,317
																
54 
426
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
                 TABLE LXVII.

Abstract of  the Sickness and Mortality
Year........................................
Month......................................-

Mean Strength, (not including Table LXVI)

          LIST OF DISEASES.
   9.
  10.
  11.
  12.
  13.
  14.
  15.
  16.
  17.
  18.
  19.
  20.
  21.

  22,
  23.
  24.
I  25.
  26.
  27.
  28.

  29.
  30.
  31.
  32.
  33.
  34.
   CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC  DISEASES.
       Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever.............................
Typhus Fever..............................
Typho-Mnlarial Fever.......................
Yellow Fever...............................
Remittent Fever............................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever................
Tertian Intermittent Fever..................
Quartan Intermittent Fever..................
Congestive Intermittent Fever...............
Acute Diarrhoea.............................
Chronic Diarrhoea............................
Acute Dysentery............................
Chronic Dysentery...........................
Erysipelas..................................
Small-pox and Varioloid.....................
Measles..................................
Scarlet Fever...............................
Diphtheria..................................
Mumps......................................
Epidemic Catarrh............................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
        ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases.
Syphilis.....................................
Gonorrhoea.................................
Orchitis.....................................
Stricture of the Urethra.....................
Purulent Ophthalmia........................
Serpent Bite................................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
        ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy.....................................
Purpura....................................
Delirium Tremens..........................
Inebriation.................................
Chronic  Alcoholism..........................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
LASS  II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
         ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
 Gout.............................................
 Acute  Rheumatism................................
 Chronic Rheumatism...............................
 Anaemia...........................................
 General Dropsy....................................
 Cancer...........................................,
 Tumors...........................................
 Other Diseases of this Order.......................
       Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
 Consumption.....................................,
 Scrofula .........................................
 Other Diseases of this Order......................
  CLASS III.-PARASITIC  DISEASES.
Itch....................
Tape-worm..................
Other Intestinal Worms.......
Other Diseases of this Order.
1803.
July.
Cases.  Deaths
 698
  11
,048
 82
144
530
310

485
946
 85
 17
179
303
 11
 39
 29
  7
 24
  9
933
760
556
  3
  6
 67

153
 76
  2


270
  6
 13
  1
Carried forward.........................  q~ 395
150
135
 13
 40
  3
166
 78
759
176
 74
 17
 24
  3
20
20
August.
374, 247.
Cases.  Deaths,
  810
   10
1,186
 7,848
16,662
12,934
 1,307

21,369
 4,210
 6, 650
   807
   267
    37
    74
   83
  114
  484
  436

  643
1,123
   95
   22
  138
    6
    9

  434
   15
   55
   46
   21
   45
1,063
  819
  602
    2
   23
   10
   49

  205
   79
    5


  219
   10
   47
2,239   8~>, 053
432
  3
213
150
 18
 24
  4
268
 98
992
200
109
 12
 13
 17
2,728
September.
348, 842.
Cases.  Deaths.
647
 14
671
 5,479
13,218
11,111
 1,219
   500
13,802
 3,697
 5,285
   727
   206
    21
   236
     3
    75
   143
   464
   256

   756
 1,262
    93
    25
   164
     4
     5

   334
    24
    27
    13
    12
    24
    2
1, 039
  613
  495
    7
    5
   13
   43

  130
   83
   10
228
  4
 15
  1
63, 205
281
  4
161
115
  5
 11
  1
124
 34
774
173
114
 11
 12
  2
1,972
October.
374,465.
Cases.  Deaths.
478
  2
518
 3,738
10,755
 9,591
 1,190
   252
14, 023
 3, 272
 4,580
   621
   202
    77
   385
   81
  195
1,213
  236

  785
1,331
  120
   18
  144
    4
   21

  142
   13
   19
   22
   11
   10
   3
1,453
  924
  419
   9
   11
   13
   67

  108
   66
   13


  291
   3
   23
   1
186
57,453
 57
  9
  8
  3
 64
 58
628
128
122
  6
 20
Novbmbeb.

 371,6:1;,.
48
1,462 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
427
   TABLE LXVII.



of the Central Region.
	1803.		L804-													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
400,319.			386,597.		396,175.		421	566.	418,882.		413, 529.		399,098.		368,410.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2	377 3	149 2	465 19	159 9	240 20	130 11	392 46	173 15	406 29	194 18	393 31	215 5	550 42	328 7	5,838 255	2,787 94
3 4 5	334	20	230	29	213	31	289	35	283	30	408	43	614	75	6,258	899
	1,972	17	1,943	11	2,190	12	2,661	22	3,215	21	4,071	37	5,388	59	48, 028	664
6	5,707	3	4,682	5	5,037	1	5,960	6	6,593	7	6,601	8	7,448	8	102, 923	95
7	5,610	3	5,318	3	4,946	5	6,720	5	6,718	3	6,984	6	6,467	8	92,829	119
6	756	1	931		822		745		711		703	1	899	2	11,289	16
9	113	26	124	37	70	21	127	55	141	37	101	36	181	46	3,083	915
10	10,016	14	8,434	14	7,279	12	9,446	20	11,164	13	19,401	40	26,984	72	172,294	498
11	2,406	560	2,121	446	1,443	279	1,582	245	1,468	211	2,046	272	3,157	481	31,511	6,344
12	2,128	29	1,882	35	1,721	12	2,322	17	2,827	33	5,634	53	6,758	94	48, 069	1,027
13	413	64	415	59	222	24	257	18	247	21	389	47	539	48	5,796	775
14	309	23	356	21	337	37	573	50	652	65	523	46	527	35	4,533	337
15	248	99	636	162	498	295	739	386	783	332	603	253	140	95	3,938	1,725
16	287	15	743	37	1,582	196	3,906	299	2,371	266	1,097	109	822	72	11, 685	1,027
17	3	1	12	4	13	1	21	2	6	4	7	3	2		67	15
18	145	6	194	4	138	10	182	8	195	8	107	3	80	8	1,476	113
19	219		792		1,570	2	2,192	3	2, isy		991	1	553		9,150	11
20	2,291	1	3,287	1	2,771	1	3,190		2,332	2	947		640		20, 377-	6
21	623	1	286	2	375	11	593	13	638	3	897	6	1,111	11	6,220	173
22	819	1	853	2	882	5	1,169	1	1,358	2	1,233	2	1,215	5	11,113	26
23	1,234		1,497		1,433		2,206		2,090		1,759		1,624		17,786	
24	137		175		145	1	192		213		191		131		1,662	2
2b	33		23		17		23		22		32		22		273	
26	139		114		88		160		142		172		135		1,706	2
27	1		2		2		2		3		3		7		44	1
28	29		15		55		92	1	D5		320		209		863	1
29	124		225	2	301	1	419	5	607	2	797	5	1,055	4	4,850	38
3U	6	1	17	2	7	3	13	2	23	3	28	1	46	1	211	17
31	42	7	38	7	49	14	68	13	62	9	49	3	34	4	505	87
J2	30	1	33	2	31	4	78	3	74	1	35	1	34	1	462	19
a	10	1	30	2	10		42	1	24	1	9		1		190	9
	1	2	15		11		13		13		13	1	8		182	5
35	2		2	1			2		2		6		6		44	1
36 37 38	1,860 991 262	2	1,770	1	1,750	5	1,823	8	1,914	7	1,649	2	1,704	6	18, 593	47
		1	877	1	854	6	993	6	1,052	3	925	5	864	4	10, 635	40
		9	255	7	196	4	143	2	224	10	265	4	399	8	4,407	121
39 40 41 42	6 8														28 71	8
		1	2		3	1	4	3	1		4		3			
	11		11		12		21		11	1	20		28		170	1
	55	4	33	2	16	2	23		14	o	46	1	46	2	497	31
43 44 45	138	61	129	64	109	69	127	84	134	67	138	56	148	70	1,649	811
		1	112 3	7 1	86 1 1,051	3	100 27 1,331	2	90 1 1,100	1	94	2 1	78 1 864	2	1,023 75 9,025	28
46 47	655 2 18 3		1,047								1,221					
48 49			2 16		2 5	1	10 35	1	6 24		15 13 3		7 29		71 251 18	2
—■		________________[ 1,126 '	40,166	1,139												........
40,666					38, 603	1,210	51, 059	1,504	52,218	1,397	60,974	1,268	71,600	1,556	672,023	18,<M1
 
428
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE LXVIL—CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
Year.........................................
SI OXTH........................................

Mean Strength, (not including Table LXVI) .
LIST OF DISEASES.
 73.
 74.
 75.
 76.
 77.
 78.
 79.
 80.
 61.
 62.

 83.
 84.
 85.
 86.
 87.
 68.
 89.
 90.
 91.
 92.

 93.
 94.
 95.
 96.
 97.
 98.
 99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
           Brought forward...................

    CLASS  IV.—LOCAL DISEASES.

    Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
Apoplexy......................................
Epilepsy.......................................
Headache......................................
Insanity.......................................
Inflammation of Brain..........................
Inflammation of Membranes of Brain............
Inflammation of Spinal Cord....................
Nostalgia......................................
Neuralgia.................-...................
Paralysis......................................
Sun-stroke.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
         Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
Amaurosis.....................................
Cataract.......................................
Inflammation of Conjunctiva....................
Inflammation of Iris............................
Night Blindness................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
         Order III.—Diseases of Ear.
Earache.......................................
Inflammation of Internal Ear...................
Deaf nes3.......................................
Otorrhoea......................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
Aneurism......................................
Valvular Disease of Heart......................
Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
Inflammation of Pericardium...................
Inflammation of Endocardium..................
Inflammation of Veins..........................
Varicose Veins.................................
Varicocele.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
  Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
A sthma........................................
Acute Bronchitis...............................
Chronic Bronchitis.............................
Dropsy of Chest...............................
Haemorrhage from Nose........................
Inflammation of Larynx........................
Inflammation of Lungs.........................
Inflammation of Pleura.........................
Haemorrhage from Lungs.......................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
   Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Colic..........................................
Constipation...................................
Cholera Morbus................................
Cirrhosis of Liver..............................
Dropsy from Hepatic Disease...................
Dyspepsia.....................................
Diseases of Pancreas...........................
Diseases of Spleen................,............
Fistula in Ano..................................
IIernia ......................................
Hicmorrhage from Stomach.....................
ls<;;$
67,396
  29
  75
,183
  20
  15
  15
  25
 104
 798
  27
 305
  59

  15
   2
,479
  18
  96
  25

   4
  77
  20
  90
 287

   1
  52
   2
   8
   9
   3
   2
  89
  62
  11

  56
 747
 249
   7
  36
 113
 320
 254
  60
 L23
Carried forward .
78, 826
2,239
82,053
   12
   90
1,067
   33
   21
    8
   21
   60
  915
   32
  180
   52

   17
    7
1,487
   48
  114
   32

   34
   97
   17
  112
  393
   9
   3
  23
   4
   6
  130
  77
  12

  105
  783
  274
  11
  30
  108
  298
  257
  58
  127

1,262
1,668
  821
  15
  121
  433
 35
 39
225
 13
    6
   76
  707
   21
   24
    7
   11
   73
  724
   35
   55
  105

   14
   15
1,285
   34
   73
   32

   14
   54
    9
   62
  234

    2
   29
    6
    3
    7
    4
    4
   88
   42
    9

   94
  794
  215
    2
   29
  137
  334
  238
   53
  145

  983
1,246
  403
    4
   84
  360
    ]
   65
   36
  207
 78
639
 11
 11
  2
 15
 60
756
 30
  5
    7
1,259
   35
   42
   29

   56
   44
   17
   55
  156

    1
   38
    9
    1
    5
    1
    3
   72
   42
  100
1,364
  282
   2
   22
  145
  537
  310
   53
  316
1,081
  190
    3
   64
  337
       27
       ?2
      198
ij     11
  9
 87
590
 28
 10
  6
 19
 74
768
 35
  10
   6
1,413
  22
  36
  27

  39
  35
  16
  54
  192

   1
  44
   5
   5
  20
   5
  74
  41
  10

  106
2,015
  340
   2
  27
  279
  855
  406
  72
  604

  681
1,329
  158
    5
   68
  309
1,340
 29 I.......
 25 I.......
236      1
2,447  93,909 I   2,926  72,507   2,129  66,977 |  1,628 j 57,899 |  1,574 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
429
TABLE LXVH—CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
	1803.								1804.							
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	400,319.		386, 597.		396,175.		421, 566.		418, 882.		413, 529.		399,098.		388,410.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
																
	40,666	1,126	40,166	1,139	38,603	1,210	51,059	1,504	52,218	1,397	60, 974	1,268	71,600	1,556	672,023	18, 941
50	9	10	12	7	6	8	10	5	12	11	8	4	12	10	133	99
51	76	2	100	3	96	6	108	3	109	6	127	7	105	6	1,127	46
52	568		686		579		768		790		1,113		1,289		9,979	
53	16	1	21		17		18	1	25		27	1	33	1	270	14
54	22	23	19	31	25	33	20	29	14	28	18	22	16	22	215	271
55	5	7	9	21	3	20	12	28	13	16	13	17	27	18	120	160
56	22	8	13	5	15	4	18	7	14	4	10	3	13	3	196	42
57	54	2	57	4	56		79		98		50	1	75	1	840	12
58	846		848	1	752	1	861		978		942		1,002	1	10,190	3
59	35	8	27	2	17	3	30	2	25	2	25	2	43	1	361	27
60 61			6 34	3	1 27	3	3 21	16	7 23	1 7	152 9	2 1	264 63	6 6	978 550	38 66
	34	3														
62	15		17		15		19		16		19		30		196	
63	8		17		7		5		8		11		9		102	
64	1,213		1,390		1,398		1,522		1,622		1,768		1,744		17, 580	
65	33		31		28		47		28		41		31		396	
66	18		41		60		56		109		239		190		1,074	
67	28		41		14		19		29		16		40		332	
68	20														167	
69	68	1	66		52		106		91		75		100		865	1
70	9		22		17		29		43		32		25		256	
71	76		150		112		175		147		105		107		1,245	
72	197		182		129		145		89		86		56		2,146	
73 74	2 41	2 4	3 52				1 41	7	2 52	1 8	1 60	7	I 76	1 10	16 582	7 110
				3	38	6										
75	9	2	4		5	3	3	2	9	4	4	1	9	5	74	30
76	3	2	2		3		5		2	1	4	1	2	1	41	14
77	13	2	20	3	20	2	17	11	21	8	10	6	10	2	175	39
78	3		2	3	4	1	2	4	6	5	14	2	5	1	53	19
79	5				1 91				2		2	1			33	2
80	83		78				100		117		109		92		1,123	
81	50 ........		37		33		43		48		74		43		592	
82	18	2	3		6	2	12	5	21	2	3	6	7	4	119	38
83	77		115	3	83	1	84		81		80	1	75	1	1,056	7
84	2,452	7	2,919	9	2,439	15	3,034	40	1,881	19	1,131	8	1,017	5	20, 636	124
85	425	12	389	10	355	11	485	13	363	8	211	11	230	11	3,818	109
86	7	2	4		3	3	7		6	1	8		8	1	67	10
87	16		28	1	22		40	1	22		44		36		352	3
88	289	1	321	3	300	4	422	3	267	3	173	3	134	3	2,688	29
89	1,179	197	1,800	298	1,516	376	2,223	652	1,350	564	867	270	535	153	11, 814	2,929
90	509	5	733	13	518	19	58_	34	565	21	465	21	363	10	5,200	142
91	66	4	92	1	56	3	80	8	59	5	68	5	92	3	809	41
92	611	3	814	5	486	14	659	25	521	18	134	4	71	4	4,611	88
93	587	1	585	2	458	3	553		630	1	1,023	2	1,268		10,060	14
94	1,297		1,426		1,413		1,749		1,690		1,887		2,501	1	19,037	1
95	142	1	81	1	55		74	1	121	2	282	3	466	10	3,516	39
96	2	1	4		9		3	1	2		2		3		59	4
97	44	2	48	1	43	3	33	3	39	5	58	4	53	2	752	44
98	307	2	408	1	285	1	352	1	321	1	367		504		4,440	10
99 100			1 33						1 25						4 351	3
	29			1	17	1	18				27		16			
101	32		41		31		32		38		33		28		383	
IU2	226		209	1	189		216	1	247	1	283		301		2,742	7
103	5	1	1		12	1	6	1	6	2	7	1	8		90	7
	52,567	1,444	54,209	1,580	50,520	1,757	66, 018	2,409	65,023	2,152	73,351	1,685	84,828	1,859	816, 634	23, 590
 
430
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  LXVH.—CENTRAL  REGION-Concluded.
Year........................................
Month.......................................
Mean Strength, (not including Table LXVI)
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward.
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
104. Haemorrhage from Bowels.....
105. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
106. Inflammation of Stomach......
107. Inflammation of Bowels.......
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum...
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver...
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
111. Jaundice......................
112. Piles..........................
113. Other Diseases of this Order...
 Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.

114. Stone and Gravel..................................
115. Diabetes..........................................
116. Bright's Disease..................................
117. Diseases of Prostate...............................
118. Diseases of Testis.................................
119. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
120. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
121. Incontinence of Urine---,.....------•-...........
122. Hydrocele........................................
123. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
      Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries...................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess.......
132. Boils.........
133. Carbuncle.....
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
  CLASS V.  WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS,  AND
                    INJURIES.
      Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns............................................
137. Contusions.......................................
138. Concussion of Brain..............................
139. Dro wning.........................................
140. Sprains..........................................
141. Dislocation......................................
112. Simple Fractures.................................
143. Compound Fractures.............................
144. Gunshot Wounds.................................
145. Incised Wounds..................................
146. Lacerated Wounds...............................
147. Punctured Wounds...............................
148. Poisoning........................................
149. Other Accidents and Injuries.....................
150. Order II.—Homicide............................
151.
152.
Order III.—Suicide..............

ORDER IV.—Execution of Sentence .
1803.
July.
355,509.
Cases.  Deaths.
78, 826
 72
318
102
104
  8
166
153
604
841
 83
 32
 13
 23
 10
 19
125
 40
 35
 13
 13
  695
1,509
  130
  201
  187
126
400
 14
  359
   34
   47
    9
1,270
  128
   68
   49
   47
   51
Total..................................  87,067
August.
374,247.
Cases.  Deaths.
  3
  3
451
  2
  4
  3
   24

    2

    8

    1

3,061
93,909
307
102
 83
 13
196
147
637
882
129
 35
 11
 21
  3
 21
138
 53
 42
 19
 25
  931
1,713
  105
  266
  236
136
416
 18
416
 35
 55
  6
454
169
 97
 51
 80
 64
2,926
September.
348,842.
Cases.  Deaths,
  1
 15
137
  2
  3
  1
  1
 14
72,507
 41
290
 95
 66
 32
154
146
671
853
 76
 40
  9
 10
  3
 15
135
 37
 41
 11
 15
  608
1,259
   87
  155
  133
 85
470
102,222
3,237
 336
  16
  59
  27
,396
  89
 131
  48
  20
  50
2,129
87, 319
October.
374,465.
Cases.  Deaths.
  1
  7
324
   11
    1

    1

    1

2,578
66,977   1,628
 50
368
 65
 48
  8
115
114
659
818
 74
 24
  9
 31
  2
 11
104
 29
 48
 13
 14
 618
,088
  79
 148
 144
108
436
405
 22
 51
 12
866
169
 48
 58
 12
 63
November,
371,695.
  6
556
  1
  4
74, 007   2, 287
69,317 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
431
TABLE LXVH.—CEJNTRAL REGION—Coucluded.
	1803.		1804.													
	DECEMBER.		January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	400,319.		386,597.		396,175.		421,566.		418,882.		413,529.		399,098.		388,410.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	52,567	1,444	54,209	1,580	50,520	1,757	66,018	2,409	65,023	2,152	73,351	1,685	84,828	1,859	816, 034	23,590
104	8	1	38	2	15		19		13	3	45	1	30	3	429	36
105	724		837	2	905	1	3,235	1	922	2	607	1	445	2	7,007	19
106	63	4	87	9	75	3	85	3	86	8	85	9	97	8	979	99
107	55	14	41	9	38	8	49	9	53	14	59	14	83	8	721	173
108	7	2	9	6	26	4	18	6	9	10	11	12	12	5	162	69
109	123		101	2	131	4	137	6	116	3	141	5	142	2	1,658	52
110	88	7	75	4	92	6	86	2	111	3	90	2	105	2	1,298	50
111	524	4	367	1	299		345	1	320	2	408	3	472	3	5,958	56
112	747		613		504		617		660		785		864		8,901	
113	64	3	73	1	44		54		80	1	80	1	108	4	920	24
114	40		32		44		37		33	1	46		49		443	1
115	12	1	14	2	19	1	11		11		8		7		154	6
116	17	4	14	2	22	2	13	2	13		8	1	18		202	21
117 118	2 26				5 29		4 37		5 41		3 31				40 298	
			26										22			
119	116	4	137	2	112	2	115	3	145	4	105	3	185	5	1,523	34
120	28	1	40		31		38	1	32		28		28		423	4
121	37		57		34		49		44		45		41		506	
122	9		15		17		23	1	11		17		16		180	1
123	9		12		11	1	16	1	11		21	1	20	2	175	7
124	16		18		7		8		11		5		6		120	
125	23		20		14		17	1	13	1	7		18		171	2
126	47		35		35		49		35		36	1	21		460	1
127	2		4		6		2		2	1	6		3		41	2
128	22		26		18		18		11		7	1	9		199	1
129	14		8		11		16		12		9	1	9		137	4
130	4	1	10		6		2		2		2		33		82	2
131	549		426	2	356	1	422	3	546	1	585	4	574	5	6,886	31
132	928		900		794		949		1,000		948		1,267		13,361	
133	87	1	92		82		70	1	86		67		108		1,069	3
134	166		196		144		201		190		150		156		2,139	
135	265		442 •		409		423		716		722		762		4,654	
136	130		182		155	2	119	1	111	1	124		122		1,583	22
137	436	2	475		426	1	471	1	565	2	672	6	705	2	5,908	20
138	10	2	8		11	3	8	3	11	2	25	4	26		165	26
139		10		17		13		37				20		29		210
140	556		582		582		695		664		647		525	1	6,246	1
141	32		45		39		34		50		32		32	1	393	1
142	46		52		65		58	1	50	1	53		50		646	8
143	11	2	12	7	14	3	8	6	9	4	67	7	109	11	306	76
144	538	333	418	159	648	98	371	94	2,489	149	9,887	450	7,421	720	37,848	3,968
145	203		219	3	175	3	230	1	223	1	176		191	2	2,135	15
146	66	2	76		82		68	1	64	2	122	1	130	1	1,016	19
147	45	2	44	1	38	2	62	4	37	1	54		66	2	598	19
148	34	1	30	1	8	3	10		23	2	45	1	98	1	420	12
149	149	14	758	12	143	11	92	6	56	12	91	16	112	9	1,606	147
150		2		3 1		2 1		2		2		4		3		2D
151		1						3		6		7		1		34
152				2						1		1				10
	59,645															
		1,862	61,875	1,830	57,241	1,932	73,409	2,610	74,720	2,403	90,513	2,262	100,125	2,691	937,400	28,905
 
 
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, J8(54.            433
                          PACIFIC REGION.

    The reports  from  the  Pacific Region have been consolidated into two tables, as
follows:

    1. The Department of New Mexico  -----   Table LXVIII.
    2. The Department of the Pacific.....Table   LXIX.
        To these are added—
    3. A consolidated table for the Pacific Region   -             Table    LXX.

            1.  The Department  of New Mexico—Table LXVIII.

    This table embraces the reports received from stations in New  Mexico and Colorado.
    January 1st,  1864, Colorado Territory was transferred to the Department of  Kansas.
This change, however, has been disregarded in the construction of the table.

             2. The Department of the Pacific—Table  LXIX.

    This table includes the reports received from all stations west of the  Rocky Moun-
tains which are not embraced in the Department of New Mexico.
CONSOLIDATED  TABLE FOR THE UNITED STATES—TABLE  LXXI.

 This table is prepared by consolidating Tables LVI, LXVII, and LXX.
55 
434
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
          TABLE LXVIII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					IRfitt.					
										
	July.		August.		September.					
										
	3,569.		3,961.		3,194.		3,647.		4,004.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death*.
CLASS 1__ZYMOTIC DISEASES. ORDER I.—Miasmatic Diseases.							1	1	8	
										
	7		2		1		1		4	
										
	27 9 6 1 1 74 8 19 3 5		31 8 7		32 23 1		69 14 6		91 10 1	
										
										
										
							2 53 12 13 4 1	1 1	57 2 8 3 2	1
		1	99 3 34 4		89 6 24 4 3					
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
18. Diphtheria..........................................										
										
	34 5 30 66 9 4		12 12 45 49 13 1	1	33 7 38 51 7 4		45 12 53 32 7 2		55 6 35 55 11 1	
										
ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis...........................................										
										
24. Orchitis.....................................										
										
										
	2 1 8									
			1 9		3 6					
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy...........................................							1		1	
										
	6 24				2 4		2 4			
			2						6	
										
									1	
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	37 19 1		30 15		33 14		52 19		23 51	
										
										
										
	3		1		3					
							2			
	2								1 2	
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.						1	2 2	1		
			1		1					
									i	
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itch.....................	1 1		1							
							1			
										
49. Other Diseases of this Order.........					2					
Carried forward........									434 1 1	
	413	1	380	1	393	1	412	4		
—----------.____									1	
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
435
        TABLE LXYIII.



of the Department of New Mexico.
	1863.		1804.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
3,883.			4,460.		4,862.		4,893.		5, 483.		4,564.		4,168.		4,224.	
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2G 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49	Cases.	Deaths. 1	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 1 Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			4	1	2	1							2 1	1	17 1 19	4 1
																
	2				1						1					
																
	18 14 2		15 12 1		6 8 4 1 1 30 1 9 3	1 1	14 10 6 4		10 39 3 4		15 34 2		11 23 14 3 2 36 5 11		339 204 53 13 6 610 54 148 24 24	3 1 4 1 I
																
	36 2 3		23 2 6	2			40 3 15 2 4		42 3 4 1 3	1	31 5 2					
	2		1							1	3					
																
					] 1				9				2		12 1 1 9 696 90 544 719 98 23	2 1
																
													1 1 17 1 51 68 9 2			
									8 116 7 52 88 6 3							
	53 7 39 50 6 2	1	81 8 36 49 6 1		84 9 45 44 5	1	124 11 52 69 12 1				42 5 68 98 7 2					
																
															2 16 127	
	1 4		3 3		1 40		3 29		3 15							
											6		5			
	2 6	1	2 9		1		4 10		8 7		8 5	1	3 10		38 87	2
																
															1	
																
	27 34		34 30		34 21 1		22 31		27 29	1	24 17		31 g		374 289 ' 2	1
																
															7 7 9 8 15	1 3
			1 1 1				2 2				2 2 1 2					
		1							1							
					1 2								l l	1		
	1						2		3							
																
													l l l		3 5 1 8	
					1						1					
																
			3						3							
	311															
		4	332	3	357	'	472		494	3	383	1	323	2	4,704	25
 
436                 SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXVHL—DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO—Continued
					1803.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	3,569.		3, 961.		3,194.		3,647.		4,0	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death*. 1
	413	1	380	1	393	1	412	4	434	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	1 9		1 5		1 3 2 1	1	2 4 1		o 5	
										
										
										
										
	1									
										
	6		2 1 2 1		9 1		5	1	7 1	
										
										
	4 1								2	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	12		24		14		13 7 2		20 1	
										
										
	4									
ORDER HI.—Diseases of Ear.										
	3		1		1		3		2	
										
	4									
			1						2	
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
										
										
										
	1 1				1				o	
										
										
	2 1									
81. Varicocele..........................................										
					4				1 1 30 1	
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs. 83. Asthma.............................................	1 5		2 11 2				6 6 4			
					5					
										
										
					1 1 4 1					
							2 2	1	4 2 5 2 32 9 48 1	1
		1	2 7							
	5 1 7 3 84 7									
										
							1			
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic...............................................			C 66 1		5 59					
							57 I........			
										
							1			
										
	5		9		11		C 1........		14	
										
										
101. Fistula in Ano...................							1	,		
102. Hernia..............	2		1		1				2	
										
									1 630	2 ____
Carried f.irward.............	583	2	525	1	518	2	545	6		
1										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1§C4.
437
TABLE LXVIIL—DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO—Continued.
]	1803.		1804.													
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
3,683.			4,460.		4,862.		4,893.		5,483.		4, 564.		4,168.		4,224.	
	Cases. 311	Deaths. 4	Cases. [Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			332	3	357	4	472		494	3	383	1	323	2	4,704	25
	1 1 1						3 2		1				1 6		13 44 5 1 1 2 5 70 6 2 9 1	1 1 2
			5		2						2 1					
52																
																
					1	1										
	1															
			3 4		2 6											
58	5 1						3		10		8 2	1	5			
																
	1		1													
																
																
64 65 66	14		14		14		20 1		17		9		11		182 9 2 23 1 23 6 8 11	
																
67	5 1 5				1		3		1		4		5			
68																
			1 2		1 2 1 2		3				1		2			
by 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Bl B2									2 2							
											1 3					
			1				1						1			
																
																
																
																
	1	1			1 1	1	2 1		3				1	1	12 4	3
			1													
																
									1						3 o 9 16 139 13 1 4 31 63 61 6 103 74 581 16	2 14 2
													1			
					2 2 7		1 1 13 3		1 1 7 1							
	1 28												1 9			
84 R"i			11								7 2					
Bfi																
R7					1 1 7 2						1 6 9 5 1 1 6 40 1					
88 69 90 11	1 4 6		3 5 5	2		1 2	3 9 12 2 2 2 40 2	1 1	5 15 8	5		1	5 4 1			
92	32 7 46	. 1	22 3 45						4 11 27			1	2 7 40 4			
93 94 95					10 29											
96																
97							1 7		3 8			1			4 94	1
98 99	6		4		4						12		8			
100																
101	1 3		1								1 9				4 15 1	
102					1								3 1			
103																
																
	483	6	463	5	457	9	609	2	622	8	508	5	441	3	o,384	51
 
438
SICKtJESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXVIIL—DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO-Concluded.
					lsiiu.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		N'HRMBEU.	
										
	3, 569.		3,961.		3,194.		3,647.			
									4,004.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	l>(\iti,s.
	583	2	525	1	518	2	545	6	630	
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	8 11		6		15 1		13		7	
										
			1 1 1 1 5 8 3 1							
									1 2	1
	3 3 4 6 4 1				2	1	3 2 6 9			
										
					2 6 2 1				44 B 1 3	
112. Piles ..............................................										
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
										
										
										
	3		3 1		1 1		2		1	
										
										
	1				1		1		8	
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
										
										
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..........................										
	2									
130. Other Disoases of this Order.........................			1 19 2 2							
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	11				19 4		13 5 2		9 2	
										
										
	1 6 1 26				1				4 3 1 23 1	
			1				4 4 28			
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
			26		23 1					
										
										
	11		22		17		19		19	
										
	2		1		3		1		3	
										
	20 11 15 2 3 3	3 2	5 8 9 6 18	1 1	4 7 14 2 3 1		3 4 19 5 1	1	3 9 8 4 1 5	
										
										
147. Puncturnd Wounds............................										
										
149. Other Accidents and Injuries..............										
										
										
										
Total..........										3
	741	7	676	3	649	3	689	7	800	
...................										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
439
TABLE LXVIIL—DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO—Concluded.
	1803		JANUj	1804.												
December.				i.RY.	February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	3,883.		4,460.		4,862.		4,893.		5,483.		4,564.		4,168.		4 224.	
1 Cases. 1		Deaths. 6	Cases. 463	Deaths. 5	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.	
104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152	483				457	9	609	2	622	8	508	5	441 2 9 3	3	6,384 2 155 34 5 4 19 10 78 85 27 6 1 1	51 2 1 4
	20		19		15 2		13 6 3	1	22 10	1	8 1 1					
																
			1 1 1						1 2							
	2						1 1 4 12 3	1		1	1		1 1			
					1	1										
	12 6 2										1 9					
		.......	6 3		9 3				3				3 6			
																
													1 1			
																
																
													1 1		1 13 5 1 1 27 2	
	1 2										1					
					1											
													1			
											1 1					
	2		4		4 1		1						4 1			
																
																
			1												1	
																
																
	1				1										3 2 145 31 15 22 71 14 256 4	1
	1												1 6 6 2			
	18 2 3 2		5 3 1 3 8		13 1 1 3 12 3 22		14 1 2 2 8 3 12 1	1	8 1 1 2 17 2 12		10 4 1 4 7					
													5			
																
	31		27								13		13 1			
																
	17		9 2 2		9 4 2		19 1 3		11		6		7 2 4		166 9 26 1 80 89 150 38 38 44	11 3 1
	2								2 1 7 5 8		1					
	6 7 16 5	1	4 9 12 8		4 9 7 2		6 9 20 1			3	7 4 9 3 1 1		11 7 13	2		
								1	1				10 4			
	13		11		3		3									
																
																
																
	652	7	603	5	589	10	758	6	738	13	603	5	568	5	8,066	74
 
440
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
          TABLE LXIX.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality.
	1803. ~~									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	5,599.		5,283.		6,294.		5,930.			
										
LIST OP DISEASES-	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Coses. 4 1	Death*.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	3		3		1		8 1			
										
					2					
										
	19 86 19 3 2 136 17 10 1 2		16 98 31 1		33 108 97 9 2 89 6 18 2 2 1		39 100 110 6 2 93 2 16		25 111 32 1 2 59 7 8 2 4	
										
										
										
										
			84 13 11 1 2	1						
										
										
										
							1			
										
16 m"10 1 P							2		10	
										
	1 6 9				5		8 '		9	
										
			8 2 83 83 5 1 .		19 2 88 70 6 2		32 2 87 76 12 2		172	
										
Order H.—Enthetic Diseases.	87 68 4 2 3 1 1								82 74 10 2	
										
										
										
										
									1 6 2	
			1		3 1 1 3 19 3		2			
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.										
										
	7 26 7		8 18 2				5 17		5 18	1
										
										
							1			
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.					1 72 31 1					
	51 30 4		46 24 4				52 34 3		56 34 2	.
										
										
										
										
	1				1 4 2 1					
						1	3 8 1		3 1	1
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.	4 2	1	4 1							
										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES.	2									1
		I								
										
49. Other Diseases of this Order......					1					
Carried forward.........										. ..„—-
	614	I	550	1	707	1	725		743	2
<-										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 1864.
441
        TABLE LXIX.



of  the Department of the Pacific.
	1803.		1804.													
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
6,291.			6,706.		6,867.		5,984.		6, 539.		6,644.		6, 951.		6,256.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2 3		2				1	2			1	5				29 3 12	4
											1 1					
	........		2		4		1		1				1			
5	19		15		5		11		26		46		51		305	
6	77		49		49		49		41		52		50		870	
7	10		23		17		32		41		39		21		472	
8 9 10	4		4		5		12				5		16		66 12 839	
	2 47				2 32											
			62				43		43		60		91			
11	1		5		2		1		6		5		5		70	1
12	11		9		11		16		33		20		5		168	
13 14	2				3		2				I				16 33	
	1		5		6		1		4		2		3			
15 16																
	21		16		8		7		11		2		4		81	
17 18 19 20			1										1			
	15 1		8 1		2		10 1	1	11 7	1	1 4				70 23	2
													3			
	173		115		52		64		44		30		22		740	
21 22	2		2		2				4		4		4		24	
	94		85		45		78		72		92	1	75		968	1
23	62		63		61		54		51		42		47		751	
24	9		9		9		11		10		11		3		99	
25	3		2		1		4		6		5	1	1		31	1
26 27 28 29 30 31			4		2						1				10 2 27 15 1 70	4
																
			2 2		1 4		3		. 3 3		5					
													3			
																
	5		9	1	5	1	8	1	5		7		3			
32	13		16		15		12		5		13		13		185	
33 34	3	1	6		1		4		1		2				29 1	1
																
35 36			1 76	1	1 57		2 62								5 728	1
	54								67		69		66			
37	34		31		43		43		42		53		52		451	
38 39 40 41	5				1				1		4		4		29	
																
																
			1		1				2		1				8	
42 43							2 2	1	2 4						14 35	7
	2	1	1		3						3	1	1	1		
44	2		2		1		1		6		5		1		23	
45 46 47 48 49					1 1 1		2 1 1 1								3 10 4 1 2	
			1								3		1 1			
									1							
																
													1			
									1							
	675 ____	4	628	2	'454	2	544	3	553	2	594	3	551	1	7,338	22
56 
442
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC—Continued.
					180	3.				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVEMBIh.	
										
	5,599.		5,283.		6,294.		5,930.		5,985. '	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Doutlu.
	614	1	550 1 3 16 2	1	707	1	725 1 1 5	1	743	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	1 9				2 17 1				2 9 4 1 1	1
										
										
										
	2									
			3							
					1 18		1 12 2			
	11 2 1 1		13 5						16	
										
					1 1				i	
			2				2		10 2	
ORDER II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	20 2 1 1		15		15 2		15		13	
										
										
							1 1		3	
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.			3							
	1 1				1				3	
			1 1							
										
	1				7				3	
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
			2	1					1 ........	
										
										
	1		2	1	1 1		2	1	1	
										
										
	2		2				3		1	
					1					
82. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	2								2 3 82 9	
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs. 83. Asthma.............................................			1 37 5		2 34 15		2 69 24			
	25 8									
										
										
							1 24 10 16 2 28 13 91 I			
			7 4 10 1 2 9 76 5		9 4 9 2 9 16 72 4	I		1	16 |........'	
	1 2 1								18 4	
										
									3 32 6 74	
										...
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic...............................................	26 94 3	........								
										
										
										
										
	21 ........		17		24		21		9	
										
100. Diseases of Spleen...............	1 3						1			
101. Fistula in Ano.............		1			1 4					
102. Hernia...............		R i							2	
									«	
									1	. _---
Carried forward......				3	981 '	2	1,074	3	| 1,082	7
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
443
TABLE LXIX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC—Continued.
	1803	:r.	180 1.													
Decemb			January.		February.		March.		April.		May. | June.				Total.	
6,291.			6,706.		6,867.		5, 984.		6,539.		6,644.		6,951.		6,256.	
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 9C 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 ft)3	Cases. 675 1 2 9 1	Deaths. 4	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			628 1	~	454	2	544	3	553 2 1 6 1	o	594	3	551	1 1	7,338 6 15 127 17 2 4. 3 6 199 22 3 30 15 1 182 14 6 9 6 15 6 15 27	22 2 1 1 1 1
					1 19 4		1 14				1 9 1					
			8 3 1										6			
																
					1	1										
																
	1 21 2	1	1 13 2				1 19 2						1 13 1			
					7 1 1 2 2 1 13 2				28 3		28 2					
	1 . 1		3						5 i 2		2 2	.....■*"'	1 5	1		
							1									
																
	10 2 1		9 2				15		19 1 1 2		16 2		22 1 2 1			
							1									
			1													
	2 1 1															
			2 2		1		1 1 6 3	........	2		2		1			
					2 2				1 4		3 4		2 1			
			2													
																
	5	1			1										9	2
																
					1	1									1 6 2	1 2
	1 1										1					
																
																
	2 1		1				2		1				1 1 1 2 40 11		14 5 7 20 650 123 1 3 133 107 150 32 167 132 731 35 3 6 216	1 1 13 1 1 1 1
					1						1					
									2 1 60 15							
	1 80 8 1		3 95 9	1 1	2 60 4						3 39 8					
							29 7									
							1 18 9 12 3 21 7 50				1 12 2 14 8 8 6 51					
	11 16 16 2 13 6 49 2	1	7 17 23 4 25 9 41 1 2	4 1	10 10 11 1 11 17 37			3	10 11 16 4 11 7 59 6				9 5 7 1 7 10 37	1 1		
													12			
					1											
									1 28		4 14		1 19			
	10		19		13		21									
					3 1 4				• 1		1 2 2 I				7 9 29 1	
	1 1												1 2			
			2				1		2							
																
	958	7	936	9	701	4	790	G	866	2	844	3	775	5	10,669	52
 
444
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC-Concluded.
"					LSI	;;i				
*										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		——	
									Ndvembm.	
	5,599.		' 5,283.		6,294.		5,930.			----1
									5,!8.r>.	
HIST OF DISEASES.	Cases, i Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. [Deaths.		Casei. Deathi. 1,082 ! 7	
	1 861 1		801	3	981	2	1,074	3		
0 rder VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	9 4		9 3 3	1 1	7 3 1 1 1 2 4 13		5 1		22 1	
										
										
							1 1		1 1	
	1 1 2 14 11									
			1 1 16							
							4 10 1 2		3 12	
112. Piles.............................................										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.			1		2					
										
						1				
	1 1				1 3 2 1		1			
			1 4							
							2 1 1		I 2	
	1									
										
					1					
	1		1						1	
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
	5 6		3 6		1		1		1	
										
										
	1								1	
					1					
	1 17 24 1 1 22 4 38		1 12 19 2. 5 21 2 32							
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.					25 11 4 6 12 2 53		23 28 1 8 9 1 29		20 17 3 3 5 2 41	
132. Boils................................										
133. Carbuncle.....................................										
134. Whitlow................................ .. .										
										
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 136. Burns.....................................										
										
										
		1						1		
	40 1		31 3 6		24		32		32 3 5	
										
					4		2			
										
	14 7 8 2 6 5	2	1 14 4 7 7 6		4 16 16 3 5 7		3 18 6 4 10 2		7 i........ 18 ........	
145. Inoised Wounds............................										
146. Lacerated Wounds................										
									4 4 3	1
										
149. Other Accidents and Injuries........										
										
										
152. ORDER IV.—Execution of Sentence		1								
							1,281	4 ! i WR		_-
Total............	1,110	5	1		1,217	3				8
---------				"					i '	
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 18G4.
445
TABLE LXIX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC-Concluded.
	1803.		1804.													■ l
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		Mat.		June.		Total.	
6,291.			6,706.		6,867.		5,984.		6,539.		6,644.		6,951.		6,256.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths-	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	958	7	936	9	701	4	790	6	866	2	844	3	775	5	10,669	52
104 105							1 23								2 164	
	19		19		16				14		12		9			
106 107 108 109 111)			1 1				3 1		3 3		3 1		3		25 14 3 14	2 1
					4	1										
																
	2 1		2		3		1				I		x			
			2										2		9	
111 112	2 12		3 7					1	2 9				1 20	1	22 156	2
					14		10				19					
113	2		2		4		4		6	1	. 3		2		35	1
114 115 116 117 lie 119 120 121 122 123	1		1		3 1						2				12 2	1
									1							
																
					1 2 1 2				1						5 11 21 14 7 4 13	
			1 4								1 3 3 1 1 1		2 2 2			
	1								1 1							
							1									
	2		3 1													
					1 3											
	1								3				2			
124 125 126											1 1 3		1 3 1		2 23 23	
	3 1				2 1		1 2		2 2							
			1													
127 128 129 130			1 1												1 7 2 3	
	2				1		1									
													1 1			
																
131	20		17		11		18		21		13		18		215	
132	17		23		12		4		15		8		17		195	
133 134	1 1				1 4		1 3		2 3		5 2				21 41	
			2										3			
135	o		15		13		2		15		' 21		12		149	
136 137	3 47		3 42		3 34		1 44				5 50		1 41		27 491	
									40							
138 139 140	1		1	1											2	1 5
												2	27	1		
	27		25		29		32		25		28				352	
141	2		3		7		4		1		4		2		30	
142	6		2		6		1		6		10		2		50	
143 144							1 4								1 62	5 1
	5	1	5		5				4	1	7	1	3			
145	15	1	9		9		8		7		14	1	12		147	2
14G	7		3		6		2		o		5		7		76	
147	2	.....	4		2		6		3		8		6		51	
148	o				1 5		6				3				51	1
149 150 151 152	20	1 1 1	9						1		1		3		62	1 1 1 2
																
																
								1								
	____															
	1,185	12	1,153	10	908	5	975	8	1,062	4	1,084	7	982	7	13,286	78
 
44G
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
            TABLE LXX



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					181	>-1				
										
	July. 1 August.				September.		October.		November. 9, !W.	
	9,168. 9,244.				9,488.		!>, 577.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deathi.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	3		3		1		9 1 1	1	12 1 4	
										
	7		2		3					
										
	46. 95 25 4 3 210 25 29 4 7		47 106 38 1		65 131 98 9 o 178 14 42 6 5 1		108 114 116 . 6 4 146 14 29 4 2	1 1	116 121 33 1 2 116 9 16 5 6	1
G. Quotidian Intermittent Fever........................										
										
		1	183 16 45 5 2	1						
										
										
										
										
										
16 M 1P							2		10	
										
	1 6 43 5 117 134 13 6 3 3 2 8				5		8		9	
										
			20 14 128 132 18 2	1	52 9 126 121 13 6		77 14 140 108 19 4		227 6 117 129 21 3	
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.										
										
										
										
										
									1 R 3	
			2 9		6 7 1 5 23 3		2 1			
ORDER IH.—Dietic Diseases.										
										
	13 50 ' 7		8 20 2				7 21		5 24	1
										
										
							1		1	
CLASS 11.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. _ Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.					1 105 45 1					
	88 49 5		76 39 4				104 53 3		79 2	
										
										
										
	3 1 2 4 2		1		3 1 4 2 2					
						2	2 3 10 3			
								1	4 3	1
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.		1	4 2							
										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 46. Itoh	3 1		1,		1					
							1			
										
					3					
Carried forward................								4	1,177	3
	1,027	2	930	2	1,100	2	1,137			
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 18G4.                  447
    TABLE LXX.



of the Pacific Region.
1803.			1804.													
	December.		January. 1 February.				March.		April.		May.		June. | Total.			
10,174.			11,166.		11,729.		10,877.		12, 022.		11,208.		11,119.		10,480.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 1 Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 . 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21	3	3	4	1	2	o	2			1	5 1 2		2 1 1	1	46 4 31	8 1
																
	2		2		5		1		1							
	37 91 12 4 83 3 14 2 3		30 61 24 4		11 57 21 6 3 62 3 20 6 6	1 1	25 59 38 16		36 80 44 4		.61 86 41 5		62 73 35 19 2 127 • 10 16 2 3		644 1,074 525 79 18 1,449 124 316 40 57 1 93 3 71 32 1,436 114	3 1 5 1 1 2 2
			85 7 15	2			83 4 31 4 5		85 9 37 1 7	1 1	91 10 22 1 5					
			6													
	21		16 1 8 1 196 10		9 1 2		7		20		2		6 1 1 4 39 5			
	15 1 226 9	1					10 1 188 11	1	11 15 160 11	I	1 4 72 9					
					136 11											
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34	133 112 15 5		121 112 15 3 4		90 105 14 1 2	1	130 123 23 5		124 139 16 9		160 140 18 7 1	1 1	126 115 12 3		1,512 1,470 197 54 10 4 43	1 1 1
																
	1 4		5 5		2 44				6		5					
							29		18		6		8		142 1 108 272 29 2	6 1
	7 19 3	1 1	11 25 6	1	6 15 1	1	12 22 4	1	13 12 1		15 18 2	1	6 23			
																
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49			1 110 61	1	1 91 64 2		2 84 74								5 1,102 740 31	2
	81 68 5								94 71 1	1	93 70 4		97 61 4			
																
															7 15 23 43 38 3 13 9 2 10	1 10
			2 1. 2 2		1		3 4 2 3 2 1 1 1	1	2 3 4 9		3 2 4 7					
	2 3	1 1														
					4 3 1 1 2							1	2 2	2		
			1								3 1		o 2 1 1			
									1							
																
			3						3							
	986	8														
			960	5	811	6	1,016 1	3	1,047	5	977	4	874	3	12,042	47
 
448
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXX.—PACIFIC REGION—Continued.
					1HR3					---1
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									November.	
	9,168.		9,244.		9, 488.		9,577.			
									9,989.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death. 3
	1,027	2	930 1 4 21 2	2	1,100	2	1,137 1 3 9 1	4 1	1,177	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	2 18				3 20 3 1	.1			4 14 4 1 1	1
										
										
										
55. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain.................	2 1									
			3							
					1 27 1 1 1		1 17 2			
	17 2 1 5 1		15 6 o 3					1	23 1	
										
										
							2		12 2	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	32 2 1 5		39		29 2		28 7 2 1 1 3		33 1	
										
										
									3	
Order HI.—Diseases of Ear. 68. Earache............................................			3 1 1 1 1							
	4 1 4 1				2				5	
										
										
72. Other Diseases of this Order.........................					7				5	
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
74. Valvular Disease of Heart..........................			2	1					1	
75. Dropsy from Heart Disease......................										
76. Dropsy of Pericardium..............................										
	1		2	1	2 1		2	1	2	
78. Inflammation of Endocardium..................____ 791 Inflammation of Veins...........................										
										
	4 1 2 1 30 8		2				. 3			
81. Varicocele.......................................					1 4 2 39 15					
									3 4 112 10	
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs. 83. Asthma..................................			3 48 7				8 75 28 1 2 26 12 20 2 29 18 148 1			
										
										
										
					1 10 8 10 2 9 21 131 4	1				
88. Inflammation of Larynx..........................			7 6 17 1 2 15 142 6					2	20 20 19 5 64 15 122 2	
	1 7 2 7 29 178 10	1								*
										........i
										
92. Other Diseases of this Order....................										
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colic.........................................										
										
										
										
										
98. Dyspepsia..............................	26		26		35		27		•23	
										
100. Diseases of Spleen........	1 3 5				|		1 1			
101. Fistula in Ano.......										
102. Hernia........			7		5				4	"
										
Carried forward.........				........................					__-	
	1,444	3	1,326				1,619	9	1 712 9	
					'	1 1				
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1864
449
TABLE LXX.-PACIFIC REGION-Continued.
	1803.		1804.													
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
10,174.			11,166.		11	729.	10,877.		12,022.		11,208.		H.	119.	10,480.	
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	986 1 3 10 2	8	960 1	5	811	6	1,016	3	1,047 2 2 6 1	5	977	4	874	3 1	12,042 6 28 171 22 3 5 5 11 269 28 5 39 16 1 364 23 8 32 7 38 12 23 38	47 2 2 2 3 1
					1 21 4		4 16				1 11 2		1 12			
			13 3 1													
																
					2	2										
	1 1 26 3															
		1	4 17 2		2 13 1 1 2 2 1 27 2		1 22 2						1 18 1			
									38 3		36 4	1				
	2 1		4						5 2		2 2		1 5	1		
							1									
																
	24 2 1 5 3 6 1		23 2				35 1 1 3	----	36 1 1 3		25 2		33 1 2 6			
			1		1						4					
			3 4		2 2 3 4		4 1 6 4		2 2 3 i		3		3			
											4 7		2 2			
			3													
																
	5	1			1										9	2
																
					1 1 1	1 1									1 20 6	1 5
	2 1	1					2 1		3		1		1	1		
			1													
																
	2 1		1				2		2				1 2 1 3 49 11		17 7 16 36 789 136 2 7 164 170 211 ' 38 270 206 1,312 51 3 10 310	1 1 2 27 1 1 3 1 1
					1 2 4 67 4						1					
							1 1 42 10		3 2 67 16							
	0 108 8 1		3 106 9	1 1							3 46 10					
					1 11 17 13 1 11 27 66	1 2	1 21 18 24 5 23 9 90 2				2 18 11 19 9 9 12 91 1					
	12 20 22 2 45 13 95 2	2	10 22 28 4 47 12 86 1 2	6 1				1 4	15 26 24 4 15 18 86 6	5		1 1	14 9 8 1 9 17 77 16	1 1		
					1											
							1 28		4 36		4 26	1	1 27			
	16		23		17											
					3 1 5				1		1 3 4 1				7 13 44 o	
	o 4		1 2										1 5 1			
102 103							1		2							
'	1,441	13	1,399							.......						
				14	1,158	13	1,399	8	1,488	10	1,352	8	1,216	8	17,053	103
57 
450
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  LXX.—PACIFIC REGION-Concluded.
-EAR............
Month...........

Mean Strength.
1803.
July.
9,168.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
               Brought forward........................  1,444

 Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.

104. Haemorrhage from Bowels.........................
105. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
106. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
107. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum.......................
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver....................—
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver................----
111. Jaundice.........................................
112. Piles.............................................
113. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
Deaths.
 ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.

114. Stone and Gravel...................................
115. Diabetes...........................................
116. Bright's Disease....................................
117. Diseases of Prostate................................
118. Diseases of Testis.................................
119. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
120. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
121. Incontinence of Urine..............................
122. Hydrocele.........................................
123. Other Diseases of this Order.......................,
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries......................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess.......
132. Boils.........
133. Carbuncle---
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
  CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
                    INJURIES.

      ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns...........................................
137. Contusions.......................................
138. Concussion of Brain..............................
139. Drowning........................................
140. Sprains..........................................
141. Dislocation.......................................
142. Simple Fractures................................
143. Compound Fractures.............................
144. Gunshot Wounds.................................
145. Incised Wounds..................................
146. Lacerated Wounds...............................
147. Punctured Wounds...............................
148. Poisoning........................................
149. Other Accidents and Injuries......................

150. Order II.—Homicide.....................
151. Order in.—Suicide..............

152. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence.
Total..................................|  1>851
August.
0, 244.
Cases.
1,326
15
 3
 4
 1
 1
 2
 6
24
 3
Deaths.
September.
9,488.
Cases.  Deaths.
1,499
12
 6
22
13
13
25
 G
1,699
October.
9,577.
Cases.  Deaths.
1,619
23
30
 5
1,866
 6
22
25
 9
11
 2
 November.

    9,989.

Cases, j Deathi.

1,712
11   2,106 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE  30, 1864.
451
TABLE LXX.—PACIFIC REGION-Concluded
1803.									18(14.							
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	10,174.		11,	166.	11,729.		10,877.		12, 022.		11,208.		11,119.		10,480.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	----- Deaths.
	1,441	13	1,399	14	1,158	13	1,399	8	1,488	10	1,352	8	1,216	8	17, 053	103
104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113							1 36 9 4						2 18 6		4 319 59 19 7 33 19 100 241 62	2 2 2 4 2 1
	39		38 1 1 1 3 3 3 13 5		31 2 4	1		1	36 13 3 1 2 2 12 6	1	20 4 2					
																
																
	4 1 14 18 4				3 1	1	2 1 4 22 7	1 1		I 1	2		2 3 1 23 8	1		
											1 28 3					
					23 7											
114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123	1		1		3 1						2				18 3 1 5 12 34 19 8 5 40	1
									1				1 1			
																
					1 2 1 3				1							
			1 4								1 4 3 1 2 2		3 3 2 1			
	2 2 2								1 1							
							1									
			3 1 4													
					1 7											
	3						1		3				6			
124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135					1 2 1						1 1 3		2 3 1		4 23 24 1 7 5 5 360 226 36 63 220	
	3 1						1 2		2 2							
			2 1 1													
	2				1 1		1									
								•					1 2 24 23 2 3 17			
																
	38 19 4 3 . 2		22 26 1 5 23		24 13 2 7 25		32 5 3 5 10		29 16 3 5 32		23 12 6 6 28					
136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149	3 78 1		3 69 1	1	6 56		4 56 1	1	2 52		5 63		1 54 1 34 4 6	1	41 747 6	2 5 16 5 2 1
												2				
	44 2 8		34 5 4		38 11 8		51 5 4 1 10 17 22 7 6 3	1	36 1 8 1 11 12 10 3 4 1		34 4 11				518 39 76 2 142 236 22t 89 89 106	
	11 22 23 7 2 33	2 1 1	9 18 15 12 4 20		9 18 13 4 1 8					4	14 18 14 11 4 2	1 1	14 19 20 6 10 7	2		
150 151 152		1 1														1 1 2
																
																
	1,837	19	1,756	15	1,497	15	1,733	14	1,800	17	1,687	12	1,550	12	21,352	152
 
Ao2
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF  WHITE TROOPS
                  TABLE  LXXI.
Abstract of the  Sickness  and  Mortality
Year.............................
Month...........................
Mean Strength.................
          LIST OF DISEASES
   CLASS  I.—ZYMOTIC  DISEASES.
       Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever-
Typhus Fever
Typho-Malarial Fever
Yellow Fever
Remittent Fever
Quotidian Intermittent Fever
Tertian Intermittent Fever
Quartan Intermittent Fever
Congestive Intermittent Fever
Acute Diarrhoea
Chronic Diarrhoea
Acute Dysentery
Chronic Dysentery
Erysipelas
Small-pox and Varioloid
Measles
Scarlet Fever
Diphtheria
Mumps
Epidemio Catarrh
Other Diseases of this Order
        ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases,
Syphilis
Gonorrhoea
Orchitis
Stricture of the Urethra
Purulent Ophthalmia.
Serpent Bite
Other Diseases of this Order
        Order HI.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy
Purpura
Delirium Tremens
Inebriation
Chronic Alcoholism
Other Diseases of this Order
  CLASS  II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
            ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
  35. Gout
  36. Acute Rheumatism
  37. Chronic Rheumatism
  38. Anaemia
  39. General Dropsy
  40. Cancer
  41. Tumors
  42. Other Diseases of this Order
           ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases.
  43. Consumption
  44. Scrofula
  45. Other Diseases of this Order
      CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES
  46. Itch,
|  47. Tape-worm
;  48. Other Intestinal Worms
  49. Other Diseases of this Order

               Carried forward......................... 95 529
2,064  75,721 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1864.
453
      TABLE LXXI.



of the United States Army.
	1863		1804.													
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	630,834.		604,432.		636,148.		680,034.		696, 539.		641	376.	615,	258.	619, 703.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	640	234	727	239	433	211	644	251	661	298	588	286	843	555	10,116	4,475
2	11	8	22	10	31	13	53	19	32	20	36	5	47	10	349	123
3 4 5	611	37	502	49	372	37	459	51	513	42	671	51	1,255	111	11,729	1,157
	3,068	26	2,754	20	3,040	18	3,823	25	4,714	39	5,241	47	7,647	72	70, 718	859
6	8,257	4	1 6,642	7	7,075	2	8, 530	7	9,612	8	9,261	• 8	10,131	9	142, 846	114
7	8,121	5	7,254	4	6,722	5	9,326	6	9,964	4	9,137	6	8,673	10	130,411	130
8	924	1	1,083	2	969		827		908	1	796	1	1,080	2	14,175	20
9	178	28	185	48	93	23	189	62	227	46	144	44	255	54	3,818	1,029
10	16,443	22	12,845	25	10, 532	15	12, 986	22	16,966	38	28, 636	40	42, 636	92	280, 796	620
11	3,638	772	3,000	599	2,000	344	2,175	321	2,154	270	2,677	342	4,268	592	43,477	7,868
12	2,963	49	2,314	42	2,131	17	2,710	23	3,717	39	7,020	56	9,441	109	64, 276	1,242
13	506	79	486	71	261	38	296	18	287	22	533	51	654	60	7,171	931
14	436	27	531	30	567	47	918	60	966	75	684	55	645	42	6,507	412
lb	326	133	845	247	686	372	950	475	1,016	406	680	297	158	112	5,007	2,171
16	356	17	1,055	39	2,717	231	" 5, 741	■ 405	3,654	329	1,396	123	1,393	88	17,396	1,268
17	7	1	20	5	39	2	42	7	28	5	• 10	3	4	1	157	25
IH	234	15	366	12	287	26	327	16	329	15	158	7	165	23	2,846	255
19	302		1,052		2,073	2	3,508	4	3,853	1	1,476	2	929	1	14,175	16
20	3,961	2	4, 920	1	4,409	1	6,029		4,318	2	1,635		931		34, 751	8
21	873	3	1,007	^6	940	11	1,264	29	1,189	15	1,536	13	1,894	45	11,735	271
22	1,670	4	1,602	2	1,821	6	2,665	1	3,004	3	2,249	4	2,044	5	22,486	39
23	2,154		2,329		2,500		3,921		3,992		2,747		2,374		30,518	
24	294		290		331	2	426		530		368		252		3,498	3
2b	58	1	53		48		62		64		52	1	43		591	2
2b	155		153		105		181		166		184		147		1,906	2
2V	1		3		2		2		7		3		9		61	1
28	56		105		71		134	2	135		330		218		1,183	2
29	185		280	3	381	1	482	5	667	2	843	6	1,108	4	5,976	54
3U	15	1	23	3	11	3	19	2	32	3	32	2	49	1	341	21
31	80	13	88	17	123	28	144	28	140	23	90	9	66	6	1,139	180
32	81	2	109	7	103	5	184	6	155	5	92	2	98	1	1,283	37
33	27	2	52	5	26		57	1	40	1	27		28		393	13
34	16	2	22		17		28	11	16	3	14	6	8		268	36
35	4	1	3	1	1		15		9		7		7		103	2
3b	3,269	3	3,027	2	2,995	8	3,346	9	3,505	9	2,442	3	2,418	6	32,374	60
3/	1,843	1	1,698	1	1, 602	8	1,881	7	2,162	4	1,513	6	1,473	4	' 19, 579	49
38	515	11	404	8	311	6	270	4	444	11	409	5	539	12	7,002	149
39 40	11 10														105 101	1 10
		1	6		4	1	8	3	2		7		4	1		
41	22	1	31		37		49		36	1	41		35		356	4
42	142	5	58	2	84	2	63	1	81	2	66	2	52	• 4	1,025	42
43	216	91	230	97	206	100	249	128	266	127	216	104	207	111	2,794	1,194
44 45	137	1	161 4 1,363	7 1	126	3	155	2	155 3 1,532	1 1	139 1 1,434	2 2	138 10 1,150	o 2	1,582	31
46	866				1,335		1,687								11,826	10
4;	7		5		12		19		17		19		14		142	
48	23		22		14	1	80	2	40		21		58		444	3
	3		6		3		2		13		7		5		60	
J	63,715	1,603														
			59, 737	1,612	57, 668	1,589	76, 957	2,013	82,401	1,871	85, 668	1,591	105,603	2,147 !	1,019, 717	24, 939
 
454
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE LXXL—UNITED STATES ARMY—Continued.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength .
LIST OF DISEASES.
 50.
 51.
 52.
 53.
 54.
 55.
 56.
 57.
 58.
 59.
 60.
 01.

 62.
 63.
 64.
 65.
 66.
 67.

 68.
 69.
 70.
 71.
 72.

 73.
 74.
 75.
 76.
 77.
 78.
 79.
 80.
 81.
 82.

 83.
 84.
 85.
 86.
 87.
 88.
 89.
 90.
 91.
 92.

 93.
 94.
 95.
 96.
 97.
 98.
 99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
           Brought forward...................

    CLASS  IV.—LOCAL  DISEASES.

    Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
Apoplexy......................................
Epilepsy.......................................
Headache......................................
Insanity.......................................
Inflammation  of Brain................-.........
Inflammation of Membranes of Brain............
Inflammation  of Spinal Cord....................
Nostalgia......................................
Neuralgia.....................................
Paralysis......................................
Sun-stroke.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
         Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
Amaurosis.....................................
Cataract.......................................
Inflammation  of Conjunctiva....................
Inflammation  of Iris............................
Night Blindness................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
         ORDER HI.—Diseases of Ear.
Earache.......................................
Inflammation  of Internal Ear...................
Deafness.......................................
Otorrhoea......................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
 ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
Aneurism......................................
Valvular Disease of Heart......................
Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
Inflammation  of Pericardium...................
Inflammation  of Endocardium___..............
Inflammation of Veins..........................
Varicose Voins.................................
Varicocele.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
  ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
Asthma........................................
Acute Bronchitis...............................
Chronic Bronchitis.............................
Dropsy of Chest...............................
Haemorrhage from Nose........................
Inflammation  of Larynx........................
Inflammation  of Lungs.........................
Inflammation of Pleura.........................
Haemorrhage from Lungs.......................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
   Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Colic..........................................
Constipation.................
Cholera Morbus..............
Cirrhosis of Liver............
Dropsy from Hepatic Disease .
Dyspepsia...................
Diseases of Pancreas.........
Diseases of Spleen...........
Fistula in Ano................
Hernia......................
Haemorrhage from Stomach...
ls<;8
July.
567,760.
Cases.  Deaths.
  31
 143
,103
  34
  30
  18
  29
 117
,141
  49
 631
  82

  40
   2
,739
  24
 226
  43

 108
 114
  39
 145
 337
  15
  15
  10
   8
 206
 144
  28

 128
,310
 341
   8
  49
 161
 410
 361
 102
 208

,116
,017
,101
   7
 115
 807
   2
  35
  55
 403
Carried forward........................Ixi4 022
2,749
10
3,015
August.
603,105.
Cases.  Deaths
122,925
   18
  197
1,977
   52
   32
   11
   26
   97
1,325
   74
  404
   86

   24
   12
1,808
   50
  253
   44

  105
  126
   30
  204
  547

    6
  115
   13
    3
   35
    8
    9
  205
  159
   24

  191
1,560
  403
   13
   52
  169
  402
  466
   96
  225

2,233
2,988
1,194
   20
  146
1,014
 39
 58
401
 16
142, 690
3,310
3,599
September.
575, 675.
Cases.  Deaths.
104,350
   18
  160
1,321
   42
   31
    7
   19
   99
1,102
   57
   79
  165

   20
   16
1,570
   44
  183
   42

   69
   74
   24
  124
  336

    3
   83
   10
    4
   19
    6
    7
  142
  100
   33

  194
1,783
  370
    3
   47
  205
  473
  381
   81
  241

1,763
2,354
  618
    5
  128
  811
    3
   72
   55
  389
   10
120,345
2,535
October.
589,056.
Cases.  Deaths.
89,443
   19
  158
1,114
   22
   13
    4
   22
   89
1,088
   50
   12
  131

   18
    8
1,479
   60
   87
   45

   75
   63
   31
   4
   86
   15
   9
   12
   5
   3
  152
   87
   19

  205
2,951
  463
   7
   32
  246
  721
  484
   77
  717

1,482
2,007
  290
   7
  106
  649
 43
 36
352
 16
2,064
2,761  105,632
  1
110
 November.

   596,283.
Cages.  Deaths.

75,721
   13
  179
1,025
   49
   14
   8
   21
   94
1,121
   49
   2
  108

   17
   8
1,693
   30
   65
   39

   58
   47
   19
   98
  299

   4
   81
   11
   7
   28
   10

  165
   82
   22

  198
3,805
  522
   12
   39
  411
1,081
  601
   92
  869

1,207
2,324
  190
    8
   94
  634
 37
 43
436
 10
2,319  93,800   2,171 
 DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.






TABLE LXXI.-UNITED STATES ARMY-Continued.
455
 
456
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE LXXL—UNITED  STATES ARMY-Concluded.
     Year...........................................
     Month...........................................

     M ean Strength.................................

               LIST OF DISEASES.

               Brought forward......................

  ORDER VI.~-Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.

104. Haemorrhage from Bowels........................■
105. Inflammation of Tonsils..........................
106. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
107. Inflammation of Bowels..........................
108. Inflammation of Peritonajum.......................
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver.......................
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
111. Jaundice..........................................
112. Piles..............................................
113. Other Diseases of this Order.......................

 ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs

114. Stone and Gravel..................................
115. Diabetes..........................................
116. Bright's Disease..................................
117. Diseases of Prostate...............................
118. Diseases of Testis.................................
119. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
120. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
121. Incontinence of Urine.............................
122. Hydrocele........................................
123. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
      Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis........................................
125. Caries...........................................
126. Inflammation of Joints.............................
127. Irflammatlon of Bones.............................
128. Inflammation of Periosteum.......................
129. Necrosis.........................................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
     Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess...........................................
132. Boils............................................
133. Carbuncle.........................................
134. Whitlow..........................................
135. Skin  Diseases.....................................

   CLASS V.  WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
                    INJURIES.
      Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns............................................
137. Contusions........................................
138. Concussion of Brain...............................
139. Drowning.........................................
140. Sprains...........................................
141. Dislocation.......................................
142. Simple Fractures..................................
143. Compound Fractures..............................
144. Gunshot Wounds..................................
145. Incised Wounds...................................
146. Lacerated Wounds................................
147. Punctured  Wounds................................
148. Poisoning....................................1___
149. Other Accidents and Injuries.....................
150. Order II.—Homicide............................
151.

152.
Order in.—Suicide..............

Order IV.—Execution of Sentence .
Total.
LS<>0.
July.  .
567,760.
Cases.  Deaths.
114,022
   68
  577
  152
  151
   12
  219
  170
  935
1,397
  188
 60
 13
 31
 12
 36
189
 56
 65
 18
 28
 11
 12
108
  4
 24
 21
  2
1,315
2,575
  225
  320
  433
219
921
 22
   764
    55
   137
    79
13,122
   346
   212
    93
   116
   142
3,015
    3
   12
1,255
    7
    6
    3
139,697 i   4,507
603,105.
Cases.  Deaths
142, 690
  109
  555
  151
  159
   22
  276
  187
1,022
1,468
  212
 57
 14
 37
  5
 48
220
 72
 86
 27
 43
2,191
3,989
  230
  640
  509
279
970
 23,
807
 53
100
 13
922
385
154
104
189
123
159,347
3,599
4,342
September.
575, 675.
Cases.
120,345
   57
  618
  156
  104
   45
  221
  193
1,044
1,405
  154
 62
 13
 23
  6
 35
202
 55
 92
 23
 25
1,493
2,689
  172
  338
  274
153
974
 18
  726
   33
  105
   38
8,905
  280
  206
   76
   62
  118
Deaths.
2,761
  1
  9
460
3,397
October.
589,056.
Cases.  Deaths.
 November.  I

   596,223.   |

Cases. Deaths.
105,032
   55
  778
  113
   63
   14
  177
  142
  975
1,321
  119
 36
 18
 48
  6
 23
154
 50
 81
 19
 27
1,206
1, 985
  136
  285
  374
186
858
 10
  779
   39
   98
   20
1,889
  375
  116
   96
   42
  114
118,610
2,319  93,800   o 171
708
  2
  5
  1
  3
 15
  2

  1
3,160  111,989 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
457
TABLE LXXL—UNITED STATES ARMY—Coucluded.
	1803.		1804.													
	DECEMBER.		January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
630,834.			604,432.		636,148.		680,034.		696,539.		641,376.		615,258.		619, 703.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
																
	83,265	2,038	82,223	2,250	78,279	2,394	101,764	3,329	105,352	2,978	103, 696	2,157	125,272	2,579	1,256,340	31,590
104	15	1	51	3	25		30	1	24	5	48	1	40	6	565	45
105	1,527		1,801	3	2,128	1	2,546	3	2,179	5	1,030	2	689	5	15, 606	30
106	101	6	131	13	111	6	139	4	130	13	104	11	128	8	1,483	132
107	70	18	62	13	66	15	75	14	77	17	70	21	111	15	1,073	£37
108	10	6	16	10	34	7	22	9	15	15	15	16	15	12	234	124
109	168	1	132	4	165	6	179	8	167	4	168	5	174	4	2,248	65
110	123	8	111	6	112	8	116	6	143	7	111	2	134	2	1,658	66
111	776	5	562	1	484	1	515	2	561	3	609	5	637	5	9,057	67
112	1,179		1,004		875		1,075		1,140		1,228		1,410	4	14, 720	4
113	93	3	227	2	127	2	127	1	283	2	108	1	172	5	1,919	43
114	57		44		68		57		62	1	65		85		702	1
115	23	2	20	2	28	1	16	1	23		11		13		227	8
116	37	5	34	5	38	3	27	2	30	1	15	2	29	1	381	35
117	5		2		7		13		10		3				74	1
118	37		42		51		83		108		59		51		605	
119	157	4	186	2	182	2	173	6	203	5	142	4	228	5	2,191	45
120	44	1	64		55	1	60	1	64		44		43		671	5
121	73		90		77		112		89		67		69		971	
122	19		27		30		32	1	17		27		26		296	1
123	26		52	2	33	4	36	1	31	1	28	3	34	2	395	18
124	22		24		12		16		26		13		13		205	
125	42		34		37	1	33	1	27	1	14		30		338	3
126	66		59		83		79		92	1	55	1	51		867	2
127	3		10		10		4		8	1	7		14		88	2
128	36		45		27		24	1	34		12	1	24		355	3
129	24		18		22		31		24		16	1	16		242	4
130	9	1	18		12		9		17		5		39		155	2
131	1,298		925	2	938	2	1,070	4	1,224	3	899	5	873	9	14,688	42
132	2,004		1,785		1,630		1,881		2,105		1,631		2,092		26,301	
133	148	1	128		125		137	1	146		102		160		1,842	3
134	344		395		342		481		409		282		276		4,443	
135	460		829		883		843		1,282		1,085		1,154		8,500	
136	267	1	291	1	265	3	254	1	257	1	202		185		2,853	26
137	1,079	3	1,092		1,172	3	1,259	1	1,323	5	1,313	9	1,283	4	13,145	36
138	15	3	16	1	13	4	18	8	18	7	35	7	30	4	234	52
n<i		10		26		18		39		18		27		38		288
140	1,155		1,093		1,160		1,404		1,501		1,028		894	1	12,262	1
141	59		73		69		71		98		52		50	1	689	1
142	98		98		123		118	1	140	1	99	2	106		1,343	14
143	18	5	18	9	21	5	23	8	21	7	151	50	155	29	585	174
144	738	445	567	190	1,649	152	569	131	2,727	176	35,581	1,493	23,919	3,127	96,970	9,238
145	609	4	652	6	574	4	674	4	646	2	343	3	351	14	5,689	53
146	176	2	189		182	3	166	3	154	3	300	6	231	1	2,234	36
147	102	3	74	3	69	3	112	6	119	1	95	1	111	4	1,134	30
148	47	5	40	3	17	4	23	3	40	3	91	2	157	1	853	31
149	227	27	911	19	271	18	155	12	101	17	160	36	156	40	2,569	263
150		5 5 4		3 2 2		4 2 3		3 5 2		2		4		3		43
151										9		12		4		59
152										11		1		1		46
	96,851	2,622	96,265	2,583	92, 681	2,680	116,646	3,623	123,247	3,326	151,219	3,891	161,730	5,934	1,510,000	42,969
58 
458
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
SUPPLEMENT TO THE TABLES OF THE THIRD FISCAL YEAR,
    On account of the great interest attaching  to the Atlanta campaign it has been
thought desirable to add a supplementary table, in which are consolidated all reports for
May and June, 1864, received from such of the troops belonging to the Military Division
of the Mississippi as were engaged in the operations from Chattanooga southward. (See
remarks on Table LX, page 363.)
    This supplement will serve as an introduction to Table  LXXXV, (Military Division
of the  Mississippi,  Part II, year ending June 30, 1865.)  It is to be borne  in mind,
however, that the regimental reports here consolidated, have been included in the tables
already presented for the Departments of the Ohio, the  Cumberland, and the Tennessee for
the same months. 
DURING THE  MONTHS  OF  MAY  AND  JUNE,  18(54.
459
                           TABLE  LXX1L—SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE.

Abstract of the Sickness  and Mortality of  the  Military Division  of the  Mississippi for
                                  the months of May and lune,  1864.
Year............................
Month...........................
Mean Strength.................
         LIST OF DISEASES
   CLASS |.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
      Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever............................
Typhus Fever.............................
Typho-Malarial Fever......................
Yellow Fever..............................
RemitteDt Fever...........................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever...............
Tertian Intermittent Fever.................
Quartan Intermittent Fever.................
Congestivo Intermittent Fever..............
Acute Diarrhoea............................
Chronic Diarrhoea...........................
Acute Dysentery...........................
Chronic Dysentery..........................
Erysipelas.................................
Small-pox and Varioloid....................
Measles....................................
Scarlet Fever..............................
Diphtheria.................................
Mumps.....................................
Epidemic Catarrh...........................
Other Diseases of this Order................
       Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.
Syphilis....................................
Gonorrhoea................................
Orchitis....................................
Stricture of the Urethra....................
Purulent Ophthalmia.......................
Serpent Bite...............................
Other Diseases of this Order................
1804.
Mat.
JUNE.
142,206.
141,749.
Cases.
108
  4
142
       Order III.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy...............................
Purpura..............................
Delirium Tremens....................
Inebriation...........................
Chronic Alcoholism....................
Other Diseases of this Order...........
49.
LASS  II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
       Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.
 Gout............................................
Acute Rheumatism......................
Chronic Rheumatism.....................
Ansmia.................................
General Dropsy..........................
Cancer..................................
Tumors.................................
Other Diseases of this Order.............
     Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
Consumption............................
Scrofula ................................
Other Diseases of this Order.............
 CLASS  III.-PARASITIC DISEASES.
Itch...............
Tape-worm...................
Other Intestinal Worms.......
Other Diseases of this Order..

         Carried forward.
1,444
1,955
1,802
  163
   46
5,325
  558
2,336
  120
   97
   75
  113
178
 98
253

252
434
 42
  2
 29
  1
 43

363
 15
 12
  1
  1
  6
  4
421
236
 52
22
 9
Deaths.
Cases.
177
  1
229
2,173
2,490
2,075
  321
   48
7,264
  819
3,003
  206
  122
   16
   15
  6
 65
 80
480

170
234
 20
  2
 16
  2
636
 41
 10
497
219
 57
Deaths.
16,872
29
25
10
21,607
Total.
141,978.
Cases.
285
  5
371
52
 3,617
 4,445
 3,877
  484
   94
12,589
 1,377
 5,339
  326
  219
   91
  128
    8
   14
  243
  178
  733

  422
  668
   62
    4
   45
    3
   51

  999
   56
   12
    2
    1
    6
 14
918
455
109
138
  3
  5
Deaths.
 6
 1
 7
13
 2
 8
 6
 1
38,479
81 
460
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXIL—SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE—Continued.
			18<;	4.		lL. a
						
	May.		June.		Tou	
						
	142,206.		141, 749.		141,9"	
						
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 81 4 2
	16,872 2 29 294 9 3	29 2 1	21,607 3 42 384 16 5 2 4 30 316 7 130 3 5 1 266 8 123 2	52 2 1	38,479 5 71 678 25 8 o 8 42 575 16 204 3 5 1 538 16 278 6 5 27 13 48 4	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diseases of Nervous System.						
						
						
						
		1		1		2
						
	4 12 259 9 74					
						
						
						
		1				1
						
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.						
						
	272 8 155 4 5 14 6 18 2					
						
						
						
' ORDER III.—Diseases of Ear.						
			13 7 30 2			
						
71. Otorrhoea...........................................						
						
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.						
	8		7 2	1	15 2	1
75. Dropsy from Heart Disease..........................						
76. Dropsy of Pericardium..............................						
	1 1		2		3 1	
						
79. Inflammation of Veins...............................						
	31 13 1 26 231 36		24 10 1 26 205 42 1 1 24 142 129 16 33 479 530 167		55 23 2 52 436 78 1 13 53 352 ?25 34 56 835 983 255	
						
82. Other Diseases of this Order.........................		1				1
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.						
						
						
						
	12 29 210 96 18 23 356 453 88					
88. Inflammation of Larynx.....................						
		3		4		7
90. Inflammation of Pleura..........................						
						
92. Other Diseases of this Order........................						
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 93. Colie...................................						
94. Constipation..........................						
95. Cholera Morbus...............................		1		1		2
						
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease..............	7 108		9 118		16 226	
98. Dyspepsia....................						
						
100. Diseases of Spleen........	6 6 56 3		1 8 64 1		7 14 120 4	
101. Fistula in Ano........						
102. Hernia........						
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach..						...1
Carried forward__						---
	19, 670	39	25,048	62	44,918	101
-----						
 
DURING THE  MONTHS  OF  MAY  AND  JUNE,  1864.
461
TABLE LXXIL—SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE—Concluded.
Year............
MONTU...........

Mean Strength.
1804.
142, 206.
LIST OF DISEASES.
              Brought forward......................

 ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.

104. Hsemorrhage from Bowels.........................
105. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
106. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
107. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum.......................
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver......................
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
111. Jaundice.........................................
112. Piles.............................................
113. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
114. Stone and Gravel............
115. Diabetes....................
116. Bright's Disease.............
117. Diseases of Prostate.........
118. Diseases of Testis...........
119. Inflammation of Kidneys---
120. Inflammation of Bladder.....
121. Incontinence of Urine.......
122. Hydrooele..................
123. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124. Anchylosis..................
125. Caries......................
126. Inflammation of Joints.......
127. Inflammation of Bones.......
128. Inflammation of Periosteum..
129. Necrosis....................
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess.......
132. Boils.........
133. Carbuncle....
134. Whitlow......
135. Skin Diseases.
  CLASS V._WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS,  AND
                  INJURIES.
     ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns...........................................
137. Contusions.......................................
138. Concussion of Brain..............................
139. Drowning........................................
140. Sprains..........................................
141. Dislocation......................................
142. Simple Fractures........................ ........
143. Compound Fractures.............................
144. Gunshot Wounds.................................
145. Incised Wounds..................................
146. Lacerated Wounds...............................
147. Punctured Wounds...............................
148. Poisoning........................................
149. Othor Accidents and Injuries......................
150. ORDBR II.—Homicide............................
Cases.
151. Order III.—Suicide..............

152. ORDER IV.—Execution of Sentence.

               Total................
19,870
  9
100
  6
 19
  3
 29
 11
 66
214
  6
146
210
 14
 30
223
 54
205
 22
Deaths.
 162
   4
  10
  43
,254
  53
  52
  15
   8
  23
29, 936
June.
141,749.
Cases.
  1
188
239
25, 048
  5
 77
  8
 14
  1
 40
 11
100
202
 17
178
344
 15
 27
201
 44
261
 18
  148
    5
   11
   80
5,765
   61
   54
   15
   20
   13
238
  2
TOTAL.
141, 978.
Cases.
44, 918
 14
177
 14
 33
  4
 69
 22
166
416
 23
26
 4
 7
 2
 9
74
15
17
 6
 9
324
554
 29
 57
424
466
 40
   310
     9
    21
   123
14,019
   114
   106
    30
    28
    36
62,871 
462                SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS DURING THE FOURTH
                               FISCAL YEAR,
                   (From July  1, 1864, to June  30, 1865.)
ATLANTIC REGION.
    The reports received from troops in this region are consolidated into statistical tables
for eight armies or departments, as follows:

    1. The Department of the East.....Table- LXXIII.
    2. The Middle Department    ------  Table  LXXIY.
   . 3. The Department of Washington -----  Table   LXXV.
    4. The Middle Military Division    -----  Table  LXXVI.
    5. The Army of the Potomac  ------  Table LXXVII.
    6. The Department of Virginia    -----  Table LXXVIII.
    7. The Department of North Carolina    -                Table  LXXIX.
    8. The Department of the South.....Table   LXXX.
         To these tables are added—
    9. A table showing the mortality in the general  hospitals of
         the Atlantic Region       --____  Table  LXXXI.
   10. A consolidated table for the Atlantic Region      -     -  Table LXXXII.

               1.  The Department of the East—Table LXXIII.

    This table embraces the reports received  from troops in the New England States and
in the Middle States, not including the  State of Delaware.  Officially the boundaries
of the Department of the East were the same as during  the  year ending Jane 30, 1864;
the State of Pennsylvania, which is here included, being embraced in the Department
of the Susquehanna, until December 1,1864, after which that Department was designated
the Department of Pennsylvania. 
                     DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30,  1865.                   463

                 2.  The Middle Department—Table LXXIV.

    This table embraces the reports received  from troops  in  the State of Delaware, the
eastern shore of Virginia, and  those portions  of the State of  Maryland east of Hancock
which are not embraced in the Department of  Washington, or occupied by portions of the
army  under the immediate command of General  Sheridan.   (See remarks  on Table
LXXVI.)  Officially the boundaries of the department remained the same as during the
previous year.  General E. 0. C. Ord was assigned to command, July 11, 1864.  After
August 7, 1864, the Middle Department formed a part of the Middle Military Division.

             3.  The  Department  of Washington—Table LXXV.

    This table embraces the reports received  from troops within the boundaries indicated
in the remarks on Tables  XXVII and  L.   There was no change in the official limits
of the department during the present year.

              4.  The  Middle Military Division—Table LXXVI.

    The Middle Military Division was created  by General Orders No. 240, August 7,1864,
to consist of  the Middle Department, the Department of Washington,  the  Department
of the Susquehanna, and the Department of  West Virginia,  General  P.  H. Sheridan to
command.   In  preparing  these tables  the Middle Department and the Department of
Washington have  been  separately presented, and the troops within  the limits of the
Department of the Susquehanna have been consolidated with the Department of the East.
The present table, therefore, has been made to embrace simply the Department of West
Virginia and  the troops  operating under the immediate command of General Sheridan in
the Shenandoah valley.  This disposition  of the Department of West Virginia is rendered
necessary by the  intimate  connection  between  the operations of  the  Army of West
Virginia and those of other troops, under  General Sheridan, in the Shenandoah valley.
    The movements of General Early, threatening Washington, led to the 6th Corps
being  sent thither from the Army of  the Potomac July 6th, and the first and second
divisions of the 19th Corps, recently from the Department of  the Gulf, also arrived there
from the 13th to the 29th of the same month.  After General Early retired,  these troops
followed him to the Shenandoah valley, uniting with a force belonging to the  Department
of West Virginia, and reinforcements  from other  sources.   It has therefore been found
convenient to consolidate the reports from the 6th Corps, and the portions of the  19th
referred to, with those from the  Department of West  Virginia for the  month of July in
the present table, although the  Middle  Military Division was not organized until the
following month. 
464
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
  Among the chief engagements during General Sheridan's operations in the Shenandoah
valley may be mentioned  that at Opequan  creek, September 19th, that at Fisher's hill
September 22d, and that of Cedar creek, October 19, 1864.
     Early in December the 6th Corps was transferred to the Army of the Potomac with
which its reports are  consolidated for that month and subsequently.
     Towards the close of  February, 1865, General Sheridan moved  up the Shenandoah
valley with the 1st and 3d Cavalry divisions of his army, and effected a junction with the
Army of the Potomac near City Point, March 26th.  The reports of these divisions for
February and March  are embraced in the present table; subsequently they are consolidated
with the Army of the Potomac.

                 5.  The  Army  of the Potomac—Table  LXX VII

     At the commencement  of  the year the Army of  the Potomac was still  before
Petersburg.  The operations against that place were continued until April 2, 1865, when
General Lee abandoned his defensive works and surrendered, April 9th, near Appomattox
Court-house.   The Army  of the Potomac was  subsequently marched  to  the vicinity of
Washington, where, after the review of May 22d, its muster-out commenced.

               6. The Department of Virginia—Table LXXVIII.

     The boundaries  of this department continue the same as during previous years. (See
remarks on Tables  XXIX and  LIL)  Officially united with North Carolina, it  formed
the Department of Virginia and  North Carolina until  January 12, 1865, when the State
of North Carolina was transferred to the Department of the South and the Department of
Virginia restored.  General E. 0. C. Ord was assigned to the command, February 6,1865.
     The portion of the troops of this  department constituting  the Army of the  James,
continued to cooperate with the Army of the Potomac in the siege of Petersburg until the
fall of that place.  The troops composing the expedition against Fort Fisher, in December,
1864, were from this Department, as were also those of the  second expedition in January.
Fort  Fisher was captured January 15, 1865, and  the troops  of the  expedition which
remained there are embraced for  subsequent months  in the Department of North Carolina.

            7. The Department  of  North Carolina—Table LXXIX.

     This table  includes the reports received from troops  stationed in North Carolina,
which State was embraced in the  Department  of Virginia and  North Carolina until
January 12, 1865, when it was transferred to the Department of the South.  January 31st,
the Department of North  Carolina was created to consist of the State of North Carolina,
and General J. M. Schofield assigned to command.  During the latter part of the month 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
465
of January, the Army of the Ohio had been transferred from the West, and is embraced
in the table for February  and subsequent months.   Wilmington, North Carolina, was
occupied February 22d.  General  Schofield subsequently moved  from Newbern by way
of Kingston to Goldsboro, which he entered March 21st, and effected a junction with the
Army of General Sherman.

              8.  The Department of the  South—Table  LXXX.

    The boundaries of this  department continued as during the  previous year, with the
exception of the temporary transfer during January of the State of North Carolina—a
change which has been disregarded in constructing the table.
    The district of Savannah is embraced in the table for January and subsequent months.
59 
466
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
          TABLE LXXIII.
Abstract of the Sickness  and Mortality
					lfifi/1					
	J.WW _:.									
	July.		August.		September.		---------------------------■			
							October.		November.	
	7,238.		9,231.		13,648.		9,542.			
									10,102	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 1 Cases.		Deaths.	Cases.	Death*. 3
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	12	2	24	2	13 2		20 I 1	2 1	14 7	
										
										
										
	27 39 34 6 1 391 53 53 1 10 1 7		40 41 97 5		29 158 124 1		14 146 34 1 1 201 38 18 7 6 6 7		21 115 85 3	
										
										
										
9. Congestive Intermittent Fever.......................										
			452 40 83 7 10 3 4	1	300 36 51 7 20	1		1 1	175 44 20 9 7 21 1	5
										
										
										
										
										
					11					
										
18. Diphtheria......................................	2 2 62 50 158 127 14 1 4		2 1 59 34 146 126 22 3 6		5 2 103 59 144 190 13 2 1		6		4 13 109 7 166 147 16 2 1	
										
							131 45 ' 121 125 22 1 4			
										
Order II.—Enthetio Diseases.										
										
24. Orchitis...................................										
25. Stricture of the Urethra___....................										
26. Purulent Ophthalmia.........................										
27. Serpent Bite................................										
28. Other Diseases of this Order...................	4 3		2		3 1					
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.							4		1	
										
	11 29 11		13 36	3	7 31		2 23		13 4 3 2 1 77 24 2	2
										
										
			1		1					
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout.........................................										
	46 43 10		48 29 21		88 25 2		77 34 er			
										
										
										
			1 2 5 7		2		2		1	
	1 10 4	2								
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.				1	14 3	1	1 1		3	1
43. Scrofula.......................................										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch................	26		29		37		24		39	
46. Tape-worm.........										
47. Other Intestinal Worms___	3								i	
48. Other Diseases of this Order......										
Carried forward.......			1,399						-	
	1,276	1		7	1,485	2	1,138	5	1 156 i 11	
										
 
DURING THETYEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
467
       TABLE LXXIII.



of the Department of the  East.
1864.			1805.													
__	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	9,636.		8,699.		11,505.		13,610.		12, 392.		12,275.		13,489.		10,947.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases. 9 3	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
l	22	2	12	3 '	9 2 1	1		2 2	16 2	5 3	6	3	16 2 3	2	173 19 6	27 6 1
3	1	1														
4																
5 6 7 R	8 59 34 9		13 18 26		33 28 39		45 58 50	1	40 63 63 13 2 207 17 12 2 27 18 83 5 7 75 189 82 247 185 34 3	1 3 1 9	41 58 96 "14		43 59 58 15		354 842 760 67 9 2,915 383 343 54 178 95 246 13 69 208 1,319 462 1,812 1,612 216 24 20	1 1 14 1 2 13 2 1 18
3							5 179 24 8 1 20 14 45 3 5 39 118 48 184 •137 30 3 1	4								
10 11 12 in	161 22 13 6 15 6 3 1 9 11 153 17 167 143 19 1	2	88 12 8 4 11 4 27		125 23 6						177 13 18 4 23 7 21 1 5 25 140 46 170 135 11	5 2 1	459 61 53 6 8	2 1		
14 15				4	21 15 37 2 11 23 97 20 127 117 18 4 1	3 3										
16																
17													1 1 11 54 36 80 80 9 4			
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25		1	12 6 104 18 102 100 8	1												
26			1								1					
27																
28	1 2		3 1		1 4								1 6		21 42	
29 30							3		5		12					
31 32 33	7 13 5		8 9 2		18 4	1	14 7		8 8 2		7 6 4 1 2 120 34 12 1	1	8 4 1		116 174 28 6 6 973 373 86 5 11 13 89 53 3 543	6 1 1 15
34							1 2 104 25 13									
35	1 93 33															
36 37 38			55 20 1		85 28 1				96 35 15			1	84 43 1 2 3 1 4 8 2 35	1		
39	2 g 8 6 1 45															
40		1	1 3 11 4				1 9 7				1 ........					
41 42 43 44				1	1 8 4	1		2	2 7 5	1	1 9 4	3				
45 46			57		54		63		93		41					
47							2 1								5 1	
48																
	1,099	7														
			749	9	967	9	1,281	11	1,668	23	1,267 1 16		1,262	6	14,747	110
 
468
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE LXXIII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST—Continue.!.
					1 sii; I					
										
	July.		August.		September.				--	
							Oct	ODER.	November. 10,102. Cases. Deathi	
	7,238.		9,231.		13,648.					
							9,_4a			
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths	Cases. 1,138 9 18 1	Deaths 5		
	1,276 22	4	1,399 41	7	1,485 23 1	2				
CLASS IV. —LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.									1,156	11
									10 ..	
									60 1 1	
			1	1						
	1									
			4 26 2 5						1 2 31 1	1
	5 20 2 9 2									
				1	27 4 3	1	19 1 1			
										
										
60. Other Diseases of this Order.........................									2	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.							1			
										
	23		22 1		23 2		14		20	
										
	1 1 6 2 5									
66. Other Diseases of this Order.........................			2 3 2 8				1 2			
Order III.—Diseases of Ear. 67. Inflammation of Internal Ear........................									3 2 2	
					3 5					
							5			
70. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
72. Valvular Disease of Heart.................	9 1		1 1		8	1	6 1		4	1
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease..................										
74. Dropsy of Pericardium..........................										
75. Inflammation of Pericardium..........	2 1								2 '........	
76. Inflammation of Endocardium................										
77. Inflammation of Veins...................							1 7 2		........	
	2 2		7 8		16 2				2	
79. Varicocele............................										
80. Other Diseases of this Order........................										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.	3 34 7		5 42 11		12 45 20	1	4 57 9		5 74 9	
										
										
84. Dropsy of Chest...................................										
	1 3 7 8 2				1 9 14 14 2 1 25 87 18				3 2 38 12 6 6 3 5o 1	
			1 9 9 1 1 35 103 32 1			1	6 12 3 i 14 62 1			
87. Inflammation of Lungs.....................										
										
89. Hasmorrhage from Lungs...............										
90. Other Diseases of this Order....................										
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic..............................	20 75 37 1 1 68									
92. Constipation......................										
93. Cholera Morbus...........................										
94. Cirrhosis of Liver......................										
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease....................					2 53		3 27		2 21	1
			63							
97. Diseases of Pancreas.......										
98. Diseases of Spleen........							1 1 8		2 1 26 2	
99. Fistula in Ano........			1 9 1							
100. Hernia...	12 3				9					
101. Hasmorrhage from Stomach. .										
								5		
Carried forward .	1,690	4	1,864	9	1,927	6	1,440 J		1,568	14
-----------.--- .										
 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
469
TABLE LXXIII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST—Continued.
	1804.								1805.							
	DECEMBER.		January. 1 February.				March.		April.		May.		Ju	V'E. 489.	Total.	
	9,636.		8,699. U, 505.				13,	310.	12,392. j 12,275.				13,		10,947.	
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Bl 62 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 9C 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	Cases. 1,099	Deaths. 7	Cases. 749	Deaths. 1 Cases.		Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
				9	967 3 10 27 2	9 1	1,281 19 49 1	11 1	1,668	23	1,267	16	1,262	6	14,747 3 107 465 7 2 6 6 13 357 14 20 14 7 2 257 23 2 18 37 14 74 2	110 2 1 9 2 1 1 1 2
	4 72		4 24						5 61 1		7 35		4 33			
																
	2	2	1 3	1	1	1	1	5								
										1			1 1 29			
					1 30	1										
	30 1		26 1				35 1		51		33 1 2 2					
																
	1 .					1	2 1		2 1				3 2	1		
			1		1											
	1 29 2										1 29 5					
			13 1		18 1		15 3		41 6				10 2 1 4 4			
			4 4 2 4				4 4				2 2 1 7 2					
	1				1 2 12				7							
	4						6		8				8			
																
	1		1		5	1	3		3 1 1		4		5		50 4 2 7 7 1 50 20 14 51 981 207	3 1 1
											1					
	1		1		1	1										
							5						1			
																
	6 2 1 5 94 25		2		4		2 1 3 3 155 29		1				1			
											3 1 1 64 18					
			3 3 130 20		1 6 150 25								5 4 46 20			
																
									90 14							
			1 13 28 7 2 25 20 37	2	3 15 36 43	1 1 1	1 10 42 23 3 29 29 58	4 1	3 6 31 29 161 39 131 8						13 108 294 189 31 475 281 997 116 2 20 569 3 7 14 139 9	1 17 2 1 3 2
	13 29 9 5 23 15 56 1	1								6 1	27 29 25 2 34 20 127 3	1	3 19 7 5 32 42 145 15	1		
				3	159 19 61											
																
	3 32		2 28				5 56	1	2 50							
					42 3						58		71			
							1 4 14						3			
	2 15		2 6								3 C					
					9 .1				12				13 2			
																
	1,584	in	1,168	15	1,659 1 18		1,898	23	2,435	31	1,822	17	1,803	8	20,858	160
 
470                  SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE LXXIII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST—Concluded.
					IS	; 1.				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	7, 238.		9,231.		13,648.				10,102. Cases. De.,th».	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases. 1 Deaths.		Cases. ' Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		
ORDRR VI.—Diseaies of Digestive Organs—Continued.	1,690	4	1,864	9	1,927	6	1,440	5	1,568	14
	34		33 1 3	1	33 4 1		60 1 2		122	
										
								1	4	
										
	2 2 6 35 2		5		3 1 17 35 5 5		2			
										
			4 30 1 3				23 15 7 1 1		10 19 11 2 7	
110. Piles ..............................................										
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
	1		2		1					
							5 2 5			
	2		5 2 1 1 1							
					2 5 3				26	
	3 2 1									
							6 1 1			
120. Hydrocele..........................................									3 2 1	
										
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.	1									
										
	6				2		2			
										
	1		1 1		7					
							2 1 13 29 4 11 53 15 54			
128. Other Diseases of this Order.................................									1 3 44 5 4 59 10 78	
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	20 44 5 10 22 3 42		19 50 8 11 23 2 43 1		21 35 3 10 28 17 60					
130. Boils...............................................										
										
132. Whitlow............................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns...................................										
										
										
										
	40 3 9		40 2 6 1 99 9 21 2	1	25 5 2 1 95 11 9 5 8 11		39		51 1 5 3 51 9 7 6 1 3	3
										
						1	4 1 95 11 12	2		
										
142. Gunshot Wounds....................................	104 24 11 21 3 3	1								
										
										
145. Punctured Wounds..................................										
						1	1 5	1		
147. Other Accidents and Injuries.........................			5	1						
										
149. Order III.—Suicide......		1								
										
Total..............					,					1.
	2,152	6	2,300	12	2,397	8	1,924	9	2,116	
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1865.
471
TABLE LXXIII—DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST—Concluded.
	1804.		1805.													
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March. April.				May.		June.		| Total.	
	9,636.		8, 699.		11,505.		13, 610.		12, 392.		12, 275.		13, 489.		10,947.	
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 HI 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.	
	1,584	10	1,168 2 125 1 1	15	1,659 1 140	18	1,898	23	2,435 3 166 1 1	31	1,822	17	1,803	8	20,858 6 1,101 14 21	160 1 1
	107 2						156 3 3				73 1 3		46			
					1								2			
																
	5 1 17 10 7 4 3 1										6		4 8 7 27 15		28 18 135 256 102 27 12 13 5 23 64 22 32 12 5 9 4 19 2 13 9 4 212 522 70 106 564 91 613 3	1 1 1 15 3
					1 15 16 7 4		2 4 11 7 2		3 6 27 12 . 2 1 3							
			20 9 10 2								6 22 18 2					
																
			4								1					
																
	2 5		3 5 2 2 1 1 1 2 1				1 7 2 3		2 7 4 4		2 2 3 2 1		4 1 1			
					2 1 5 3 1											
	4 1															
																
																
	1						1		1		2 2 2 1 1 1		1			
																
	1				1		1 1		1				2			
			1										2 1			
					1		2 2 15 45 1 15 44 11 33		1							
																
	14 48 8 9 64 15 67		21 34 10 4 44 7 34		18 30 3 15 47 4 46				16 69 6 13 59 4 .49 1		29 45 14 2 67 3 43 1		23 49 3 2 54			
													64			
				1												
	50 2 6 1 68 13 9 1		30		30		44		69 1 3 3 26 20 6 3 1 5	1 1	51 3 6 3 41 11 8 4	2	43 2 3 3 20 27 16 3 3 15	1 1	512 19 52 22 750 160 133 49 18 117	
		1	4 4 41 4 7 1	1	2 1 67 13 16 1	1	2 1 43 8 11 2 1 5									
	5		16		28						. 16					
														1		2
																
	2,135	11	1,623	17	2,185	19 ) 2,387		23	3,034	33	2,320	19	2,254	11	26,827	185
 
472                SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
          TABLE LXX1Y.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1 Sftl					
	~ w v^ __.									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
Mean Strength...................................										
	11, 737.		8,761.		6,830.		7,512.		3,087.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	I>eathi. 3
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	21	4	28	7	17	5	27	3	6	
										
	35	1	30		59	1	15			
										
	97 102 142 1	1	120 172 99		74 198 197 1 4 716 4 42	2 1 2 2	119 214 167 16 3 463 21 20 7 12 7 35	1 2 1 1 1	27 36 48 10	
										
										
										
			11 1,044 8 80 3 9 5 21	2 1 1						
	618 18 86 3 9 12 62	1 3							63 14 9	1
										
										
										
						1			2 7 6	
				2 4	6 22					
										
17. Scarlet Fever..............................										
	16 15 8 151 47 77 5 1 1		11 1 27 118 75 73 15		9	2	1C 1 54 74 56 45 7 3		1 1 3 4 35 13 3	
										
					18 80 30 29 13					
21. Other Diseases of this Order......................										
ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Svphilis.............................										
										
24. Orchitis.................................										
25. Stricture of the Urethra.................										
26. Purulent Ophthalmia....................										
27. Serpent Bite.........................										
28. Other Diseases of this Order.................										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy..........................			18		1		1 1 1 3			
	1									
	1 2		1					1 1	1 2 1	1
					2					
			1							
34. Other Diseases of this Order.............										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout.........................					6 31 24 4					
36. Acute Rheumatism.................	25 45 7		40 28 6				24 38 1		20 22	
37. Chronic Rheumatism...........										
										
										
40. Tumors.........................			1				1			
41. Other Diseases of this Order............										
ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases. 42. Consumption...............	3	2	4 1		2 1		3	1	5	
43. Scrofula...............										
44. Other Diseases of this Order..........										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch........	3		4		7		13		3	
46. Tape-worm.........										
47. Other Intestinal Worms. ..	6		3			........ "				
48. Other Diseases of this Order.										
Carried forward___	1,619									5
		12	2,057	17	1,597	16	|		342	
-------_---										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30; 1865.
473
     TABLE LXXIY.



of the Middle Department.
	1804.		1805.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
3,669.			4,791.		5, 682.		6,834.		8, 262.		9, 940.		4, 502.		6,801.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. [Deaths.	
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48	6 1 2	5 1	10	1	8	3	19	6	20	1	8		7	2	177 1 153	40 1 5
			1				3		1	1	6.	2	1			
																
	11 59 47		24 95 89		23 137 33		59 59 36		44 29 86 7 2 84 7 16	1	50 146 80 6		30 87 47		678 1,334 1,071 41 24 3,642 132 390 14 99 77 246 3 65 190 215 619 561 407 94 5 3	1 6 2 9 5 2 4 9 7 2 1
			1 58 4 4		2 61 5 6	2							1 268 6 69	1		
	58 1 8 1 1 4 11						69 19 7	1			140 25 43	1				
		1	5 6 8 1 5 3 14 7 48 24 3	1	8 2 7	1 2	14 14 35 1 1 16 32 66 60 21 8	1 1	18 7 16		17 6 12 1 7 91 24 20 62 41 15 1 1	1 1	4 1 11			
	1								1 38 9 37 46 20 10				3 19 9 14 19 18 8			
					5 7 19 49 26 3	___										
	10 29 34 20 4															
							1									
	1															
									1 5						1 49 2 12 17 2 1 6 452 340 36	3 1 1
	1		4		5		6				5 1 1 1		3			
			1 1		1 1	1	1 2		1 1				3 2			
		1														
									1							
																
	27 34 6		24 47 5		30 25 2		54 20 1		61 12		91 21 1		25 24 3			
																
											2		1		5	
																
	1 1		2		4 1	1	8 2		2 1	3	1 4		2 3		37 14	7
																
	7		8				14		13		17		5		94	
																
					1										10	
																
	385 1	8														
			502	2	471	10	648	9	596	6	947	5	693	3	11,319	105
60 
474
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE LXXIV.—MIDDLE DEPARTMENT—Contiinu.l.
					IH	it				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			---
									November. 3, OK?.	
	11,737.		8,761.		6,830.		7,512.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 12 1	Cases. 342	Death*. 5
	1,619	12	2,057	17 1 1	1,597	16	1,462 1 11 20			
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	7 31		7 18 1		2 13 1	1			4 6	
										
										
										
										
										
	8 34		4 36							
					6		16			
										
	4		7	1						
							2 1	1		
ORDER II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	35 1 1		9 5 2 1 8 1		13 1 1		25		15 1 1	
										
							8			
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.	6				3		1 1 1			
										
	2				2 1					
										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	3 1		5 1 1		4		4		!	
									i	
							1			
										
										
										
	7 6		2 1				1 3			
					...					
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.	1 22		6 43 9		3 10 12		4 60 15		3 40 9	
										
										
										
					1					
									4 9	5
	11 12 5 9 46 134 36	1	8 11 4	2	5 7 1 '	1	8 8 5	1		
										
									1	
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............................................			79 94 24		28 '........ 43 ........ 10 '........		38 34		6 23 2	
										
							7 ........			
										
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease........................	1 36		1 46		i		4........'			|........
							is		5	
										
			1						■	
99. Fistula in Ano.......	3 10 1				|		1 6		!	
100. Hernia........			9		1 ........					
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach......										
Carried forward.......					I					____
	2,094	13	2,500	22			1 763 i 15		483	t 10
										____
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
475
TABLE LXXIV.—MIDDLE DEPARTMENT—Continued.
1804. December. 3,669.			1805.													
			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			4, 791.		5, 682.		6,834.		8,262.		9, 940.		4, 502.		6,801.	
49 50 51 52 53 54 00 50 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	Cases. 385 4 9 1	Deaths. 8 1	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			502	2	471	10	648	9	596	6	947	5	693	3	11,319 1 59 156 9 1 7	105 3 2 1 7
			3 14		3 6 1		5 4		4 6 3 1		4 18		5 11 2			
										1 1						
	1	1	4	3	1	1	1	1								
																
							o 17						1 12		15 209 1 14 15 8 1 191 12 19 1 28 5 31 1 1 22 2 2 2 1	1 8 1
	7		12		18				25 1		17					
											1 1 3		2			
					4		2	4	4 3	2						
					1											
													1 8 1			
	16		10		12		16 1 2		12		20 2 3					
					1											
																
			2 1 1		2 1 1		2				2		2			
									1 13							
	1						3				4		3			
	1 1															
					1		3						1			
																
																
	1										1					
													1	1		
																
	1				1		1 1		1		1 2		1 5		16 18	
																
																
			4 77 4		2 74 14		2 107 7		1 91 5						26 684 99	
	53 4										89 20		18			
																
																
	1 14 2 1	1	8 29 6 3	2	18 23 6 2 31 4 14	3	8 26 15 1 10 9 20 3	1 2 1	5 18 5 3 34 10 24 1	6	1 29 18 , 2 27 o 67 1	1 1 1	1 2 9 1 12 10 15 14	2 1	46 182 99 29 123 244 519 103 1 8 149	1 25 3 1 1 1 1
	7 28 4		5 23 1 1													
																
				1							1 4					
	9				3		8		6				3			
																
																
							1 5 1								5 68 3	
	3		4		o				8		11		8			
	554	11														
			714	8	717	15	931	18	881	16	1,298	8	842	7	14,555	161
 
47G                  SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXIV.—MIDDLE DEPARTMENT—Concluded.
	1wi: i ■—									
						*-'•				
	July.		August.		Septi	CMBEU.			NoVEMBEB. 3,087. Cases. Deathi	
							OCTC	BER.		
	11,737.		8,761.				—			
							7, 512. Cases. Deaths.			
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 2,500 1 19	Deaths. 22	Cases.	Deaths.				
	2,094	13			1,778	18	1,763	13	483	10
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	13 1 6			........	19 1		57		19 1	
										
			3	1 1						
										
	3 8 6 15 28		3							
										
		----	16 11		19 5		73 16 1 3 1		14 5	........
110. Piles.........................................										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.			2							
113. Diabetes............................................										
	1									
										
	6 6 2									
			4		2					
										
			2		1		4			
120. Hydrocele......................................... '........										
121. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	1									
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
123. Caries...........................			1 3		1					
124. Inflammation of Joints................	1						1			
125. Inflammation of Bones.............										
326. Inflammation of Periosteum.................			1					........I'"		
	1						| i			
128. Other Diseases of this Order...................										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System,	19 34		7 69 2 12 66 6 18		11 30 1 1 4 4 3		8 29 1 3 18 2 10	-	2 16	
130. Boils...............................										
										
132. Whitlow.....................	5 46 5 24 1								3 2 1 10	
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
										
										
		1				1			1	
	23		36		17		19		7 1........	
										
140. Simple Fractures............................	3		2				1		........1"	
										
142. Gunshot Wounds.....................	21 14 4 6	1	10 9 5 1 5 11		3 6		8 8 2 1		14 6 6 2	
										
144. Lacerated Wounds..................										
145. Punctured Wounds...........					1 5					
146. Poisoning............										
147. Other Accidents and Injuries.....	1	1								
148. Order II.—Homicide.......										
149. Order HI.—Suicide. .										
150. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence						1				1 11
Total.........										
	2,398	16	2,825	24	1,912	20	2,029	15	591	
■--------------------------------------------------------------------------—----------------------------------------------.___________________________________________________										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1865.
477
TABLE LXXIV.-MIDDLE DEPARTMENT—Concluded.
1804.									1805.							
DECEMBER.			January.		February.		March.		Ap 8,2	RIL.	May.		Ju 4, J	NE.	Total.	
3,669.			4,791.		5, 682.		6,834.			62.	9,940.			>02. Deaths.	6,801.	
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 14fi 147 148 149 150	Cases. 554	Deaths. 11	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 8	Cases.		Cases.	Deaths.
			714	8	717	15	931	18	881	16	1,298		842	7	14, 555 1 328 7 13	161 2 1
	38		31		34		32		32		28 2		6 2 1			
			2			1			1							
																
	1						1				1 8 8 13 1 1		2 6 4 9 6		11 26 155 99 46 9 3 4	
					1				3 7 4 2 2							
	1 0		4 9 5 I 1				3 8 1									
					o 2											
																
													1			
							1				2					
																
													3 1		9 36 5 19 2 3	
	1 1 3		2		2		5		7 1 3		6 1 2 1 1					
			2		1		1 1									
																
													1			
																
													1		3 11 2 3 2 1 99 318 14 49 240 41 185 1	ft 1 4 1 1 1 2
	1		2		1		1		1							
											1 1		1			
			1													
													1			
									1 6 32 2 2 11 2 25							
	5 14 1 2 10 3 11		6 11		9 12 1 3 13 4 14	----	9 22 3 6 15 2 23	........			8 33 1 5 35 2 18		9 16 2 4 10 1 11			
		1	3 10 9 18													
												2				
	15		15		9		12		13		31		18 2 1		215 2 17 2 97 89 34 17 18 38	
			1 1 4 10		1		2		3		3 1 1 11 6	1				
																
	11 6				10 2 4		4 4 1 1 9	1	7 4 1				4 9 4 2 3			
			1													
											4 5					
	2		3						7							
												1				
																
																2
	684		866				1,098									
		12		8	842	16		19	1,062	10	1,539	12	983	7	16,829	176
 
478
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE LXXY.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					LSI	>l.				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		XT	
									20,261	
	19,063.		18,054.		17,270.		20,100.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deathj.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	147	34	84 2 134	24 2 8	60 6 131	12 2 5	90	16	89 1 24	12 1 1
										
	555	31					170	3		
										
	538 387 255 11 17 1,336 111 214 33 17 5 9	6 1 1 2 4 4	304 299 357 2 3 1,359 302 228 28 14	1 9 o 2	323 655 589 34 8 616 120 119 10 6	2 12 5 1 2	320 483 562 69 8 697 190 111 20 12	2 6 1 1	264 397 345 114 2 402 125 113 28 27 1 8 1 56 33 70 250 114 133 18 3 10	2 1
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
			2				5			
					1 6 1 14 247 136 132 12 4 1	1 1				
18. Diphtheria..........................................	8 26 24 535 85 76 13 2 4	1	2 5 21 251 92 85 15 4 3	1			25 9 5 154 134 119 15 1 5	1		
										
										
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis............................................										
										
24. Orchitis............................................										
										
										
										
					6 26		1 10 6 5 1		1 17	
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy............................................	16		20							
										
			5 2		5 1 1				3 1	
	1 1 3									
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...............................................					1 64 68 4					
	107 52 15		74 96 1 1				144 145 7		165 124 2 1 7	1
										
										
										
					4		2			
										
ORDER II.—Tubercular'Diseases.	10 9	1	16 3	3	12 6		16 6	2	14 14	1
										
										
CLASS III.—PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch.......................	43 2		17 2 3		29		56		63	
46. Tape-worm.................										
47. Other Intestinal Worms..........							3		3	
48. Other Diseases of this Order.....					3					
Carried forward........									3,043	19
	4,667	85	3,836	52	3,461	43	3,606	32		
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1865.
479
        TABLE LXXV.



of the Department of  Washington.
1804.			1805.													
December. 19,518.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			21,207.		19,296.		21,840.		35,458.		68,912.		52,519.		27, 792.	
—	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
																
l	48	10	54	8	79	14	34	4	17	2	36	8	36	3	774	147
0 3 4 5			1 12	1			1 33		6 11	2	1 67				18 1,253	8 59
	22	3			11"							2	83	6		
	196		244		138		110		180		411	2	474		3,502	9
6	168		113		88		125		242		524		578		4,059	
7	302		194		186		242		348		760		409		4,549	1
8	■ 36		10		9		33		12		26		39		395	
q		1			3 271	1	5 214	2	1 341	2	4 1,964	3	2 2,917	2 1	53 10,766	16 3
10	400		249													
11	82	3	35		28		47		39		268	2	393	5	1,740	43
12	88		39		42		50	1	61		350	3	560	2	1,975	19
13	15		14		2		17		2		11		68		248	4
14	33		15		14		13		23	1	43	1	36	1	258	5
15	7		4		19		4		5	2	9		6	1	60	3
16 It 18			19 1 54	1 1	15	1 1	71 1		119		56		10		314 6	1 3
	2 41															
		2			48		23		20		21	1	6		310	6
19	45		54		25		29		57		42		5		331	1
20	158		168		189		183		67		175		30		1,104	
21	76		51		46		66		82		200		259	1	2,217	2
22	112		92		82		123		179		273		210		1,632	
23	132		124		125		157		231		319		178		1,811	
24	11		12		12		12		17		55		48		240	
25	3		2		2		1		4		3		7		36	
26 27 28 29	7				6		1		8 1 2 20		12		4 2		61 3 13 332	1
																
			1 18	1			1 15			»	1 49					
	38				20								83			
30 31					1 3						4 2		1 8		12 43	
	4		2				3		3							
32 33 34	1 1				4 1		12 7		40 4		4 4		7 1		74 20 3	•
				*												
																
35 36											1 298		2 231		4 1,973 '	3
	179		197	1	163		177	1	174							
37	119		74		75		90		92		209		195		1,339	
38	13		10		1		2		16		10		14		95	
39 40					2 5		1 7								5 53	
	4		7						3		7		7			
41			2 18		3 10		2 13		1 7						8	
42	15			1		2					10	1	21		162	11
43	18		10		9		9		3		15		15		117	
44 45					1 77										1 784	
	58		69				68		77		169		58			
46 47									1 1		2 2		2 1		9 20	
	1		4		1		1									
48															3	
																
	2,435	19	1,973	14	1,816	19	2,003	8	2,522	9	6,417	23	7,006	22	42,785	345
 
480
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXV.—DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON—Continued.
					1SIM					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									Novr	>IHKH. 1
	19,063.		18, 054.		17,270.		20,100.			--------J
									20,263	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Coses. 3,043	Deaths. 19
	4,667 1 4 133 1	85 1 1 1 1	3,836 1 17 72 1 2	52 1 1 1	3,461 1 21 56 1	43 1	3,606	32		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
							14 19 1 1 1 3 10 11 5 1 1 2 42 1 6 1 3 6 7	1 1 1	24 57 2 2 1 3 10 40 6	1
										
										
										
	1									
										
	9 40 2 22 2 5 3 22 1 13		2 30 3 24	1	1 17 7 3 14	1				
										
										
59. Sun-stroke..........................................										
								3	0 1 4 35 1 6 2 4 8 9 1 4 22 1 1 1	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.			3 1 37 1 17							
					1 27					
										
										
					8 1 3 4 9					
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.			2 4 4							
	4 4									
										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.	1 10 3				• 1 22 1					
			21				. 28 6 1 4	1		
										
										
			1							
	2				2					
							1 10 11		2 11 12	
	6 12 9 14 35 25		24 29 8 13 58 16 1 5 15 25 32 5 7 90 248 18		13 16					
										
										
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.				1	12 76 9		30 138 41 1 4 16 62 39 7 37 61 118 11 6 6 47		9 165 72	
										
										
										
	1 5 8 21 12 23 42 145 18	1		1	6 12 14 40 7 18 52 105 15	4		1 1	1 18 64 28 6 17 15 129 5	3
										
										
										
										
										
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...........................................										
										
										
										
	4 25		6 68		4 33				6 60	
										
										
98. Diseases of Spleen................					4 3 44 1		11 3 59			
99. Fistula in Ano.............	2 36 1 5,394		6 56 2 4, 811						5	
100. Hernia......										
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach.......								......		
Carried forward.......									3,949	23
		90		58	4,145	49	4,499	41		
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1865
481
TABLE LXXV.—DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON—Continued.
	1804.		1805.													
DECEMBER.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
	19,518.		21,207.		19, 296.		21,840.		35, 458.		68,912.		52, 519.		27,792.	
—	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	2,435	19	1,973	14	1,816	19	2,003	8	2,522	9	6,417	23	7,006	22	42,785	345 .
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60				1 1						1 1 1	1 11 195 5 1 2	1 1	2 19 241 1	1	6 174 1,189 22 19 13 15 84 699 48 90 29	6 2 6 6 2 1 1 7
	10 105 2 1 0 1 15 65 5		6 58 1 7		8 73 3 2 1 1 7 88 2		37 64		3 116 4 2 3							
						1	1 2 4	1 1								
																
			3 11 43 3													
									2 74 6		13 115 6 10 2	1	4 106 3 30 1	........		
							70									
																
	1		1		2	2	2		2							
61 62 63 64 65	0 2 70 1 8		2 2 48				2 2 55				1 1 132 6 15 4		2 1 102		19 21 676 14 96 12	
					1 43 1 2				1 63 2 3							
			1				3						14 2			
67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90	6 11 6		3 1 21		6 13 19 1		9 3 9 2		1 2 11		9 3 13		7 1 14 1		53 60 126 5 a 179 17 8 19 6 9 139 131 27 170 2,331 492 4 29 274 540 539 89 378	4 1 1 1 42 2 2 1
																
	15 2 3 3 2 3 17 7		11	1	9 3 1 2		21 1		5		10	2	5			
											2 2	1	1			
			1				1		1	1			3			
			2 8 2 3 11 306 49				1 5 4 2 12 241 37									
					8 3 2 4 397 60				6 6		6 14 2 27 234 50		25 15 1 15 177 35 2 1 12 24 60 6 19	3 1 1		
	18 249 61								5 255 37							
	3 28 52 47 7 44								4 36 28 66 5 38	5	4 22 31 67 12 64	1				
		4 1 1	32 99 56 5 44	8	31 91 52 8 47	8	47 42 31 9 20	5								
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	34 169 15		21 167 1		23 129 1		31 121		36 195 13		119 405 23		177 335 67	3	701 2,266 187 6 84 696 2 24 42 391 7	2 3
																
	6 84		13 56		2 52		15 54		2 50		10 121 2		10 46			
	3 4 29		1 1 17				1 6 18 1		3 2 17 1				1 2 46			
					1 2 1						7 33					
	3,654	25	3,091	25	3,018	30	2,989	15	3,628	18	8,229	30	8,641	31	56,048	435
61 
482
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXV.—DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON-Ooncluded.
					]SI	4.				ZJ
	July. | August.				September.		October.			
									November. 20,863.	
	19,063.		18,054.		17,270.		20,100.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases, j Deaths.		Cases. | Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Death*. 23
	i 5,394 1 90 5 '........ 46 ........ 8 i 4		4,811 1 42 15 13 4 3 2 105 83 1 4 1 5	58 1	4,145 3 37 9 7 1 3 7 114 68 3 3 3 1	49 1 1			3,949 0 65 5 4	
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.							1 47 4 2 1 18 38 120 82 5 2 2			
										
										
										
										
									12 5 247 77 1 6 1	1
	6 ! ... 28 '........ 40 ........									
										
										
	3 7 4	1								
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
113. Diabetes............................................										
	8 1........									
										
	4 7				4 21 6 17 2 2 2 3 3				1 10 3 8 5 4 2	
			18 1 14 2				12 10 7 1			
	1 8 4									
										
										
										
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.			5 2 2							
123. Caries.............................................	2 2	-								
							1 1 1 1		2	
										
			2		1 4					i
									5	
	1 41 120 5 26 35 2 54									
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.			50 150 13 37 81 13 61		42 125 7 22 60 5 43		24 68 8 9 50 8 58		41 66 29 6 68 7 70 1	
131. Boils..............................................										
										
132. Whitlow.........................................										
										
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns.............................................										
										
										1
	I			3	30 4 2	2 1 1				
	38 i........		49				32 20 3 8 112 5 1	3	44 7 2 36 6 4 3	3
										
	10 1 70 30		7							
										
142. Gunshot Wounds..........................		2	62 14 2 1 6 1	4	50 17 6					
										
										
										
	3 1						o			
147. Other Accidents and Injuries......	1	1			6	1			3	
148. ORDER II.—Homicide___										1 1
149. Order III.—Suicide........							1		I	
	|						...........			
					4,888	56			__ 4,809	1
Total..........	_ . .		5,683	66						1 l.'r1
.------------_._ ___										_L--
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 18(35.                     483
TABLE LXXV.—DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON—Coucluded.
18(>i			1S05.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		MAY.		June.		Total.	
19,518.			21,207.		19,296.		21, 840.		35, 458.		68,912.		52,519.		27,792.	
	Cases, j I 3,654	deaths.1	Cases. [Deaths.		Cases 1 Deaths.		Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
		25	3,091 1 . 125 2	25	3,018	30	2,989	15	3,628	18	8,229 5 126 10 4 1 13 21 100 133 7 4	30	8,641	31	56,048 18 1,068 86 63 12 87 107 1,109 835 44 52 14 26 1 25 166 60 107 22 12 20 15 41 5 12 16 8 539 1,502 126 251 687 115 980 5	435. 1 2 1 3 3 2 2 1 6 ........ 1 28 2 3 1
33 04	173 10 1 1 5 7 159 56 4 2	...... 1 1			108 4 14 2 4 1 32 36 1 5 1		114 4 1		108 8 2			1 1	77 7 11 1 8 6 87 111 3 6 1 4	1 1 1 1		
		1	1 2 5 66 34 2 6													
Ob 07 08 09 10 11 12							12 7 26 61 6 4	1	7 2 25 54 8 3 1							
	3		4								1					
					1								1			
	6 15 14 12 1		2 6 6 6				4 16 2 6				1 13 7 9 1 2 6 8 5		3 1 27 7 11 4 2 1			
L17 L18 LI 9					15 1 6 2				6 2 3							
91									2							
]0O	3				1											
																
124	9 3 6 3 1 47 89 21 16 33 13 64		2		5		6		1				3 1			
											2					
107					1								2 5 68 266 10 27 98 14 141			
l'R											1 80 288 16 33 99 16 180 1					
129 130 131 132 133 134 135			28 71 1 13 34 8 75 1		34 60 5 19 41 11 57 1		46 80 7 17 43 6 92		38 119 4 26 45 12 85 1	1						
														1 2 1 1		
138 139 140	41 3 3 0 10 13 7		61 2 8		42 2	........	74 4 6		88 8 5 3 16 50 11 2 2 6	.......	170 7 11		102 6 10 1 15 46 7 10 29 13		771 58 72 19 454 292 77 "2 60 126	
141					2 11 21 3 2 1 6											
142 143 144 145		1	13 15 8 3	1		1	27 24 13	7		3	32 51 9 10 15 39	1				
146							0 26									
147 148	5		18													
					.......|											
15(1		|			1											
								23								
	4,515	28	3,720	26	3,576 | 31		3,725		4,381	22	9,766	33	9,892	40	1 66,245 1	491
 
484
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
          TABLE LXXVI.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR...............................................					Isu	i.-l				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		Novembbr. 67,123.	
Mean Strength...................................										
	49,835.		60, 689.		60, 722.		64,340.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	132	14 1 5	101 12 122	30 1	92 1 258	29	118	36	116 15 151	39 3 4
										
	147					1	34	1		
										
	484 487 387 28 8 3,926 463 574 25 43 5 36	2 1 8 3 2 1 1	682 660 574 23 8 3,963 464 524 39 29 22 3	3 1 11 4	561 780 700 57 30 2,412 310 367 34 23 4	2 3 4 1 1	480 533 544 22 6 2,377 264 294 23 24 10	4 1 1 12 4 1 1 1	473 635 425 9 6 2,614 290 338 30 32 1	2 1 1 1 12 3
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
18. Diphtheria.....................................	24 41 15 177 143 147 12 1 5	1	5 16 24 194 153 153 18 1 2	1	12 15 27 160 138 124 23 1	1 1	5 16 71 153 115 107 29 4 3	1 1	15 20 80 119 157 147 29 3 1	1 2
										
21. Other Diseases of this Order.....................										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis.......................................										
										
24. Orchitis.....................................										
										
26. Purulent Ophthalmia...........................										
										
			2 29 6		1 22 1 4 3				1 3	
ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy..........................................	65						29 3 3			
										
	2 6 1								3 1 2 12 1	1
			3 1							
										
							2 2 222 148 25			
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...............................................										
	145 234 62		157 180 111		207 208 35					
										
									18	.
										
	1		5		4		1 6 6 5	1	5	
									3 10 13 2 123 12 2	1 1
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.	10 16	1	11 14		13 12					
										
44. Other Diseases of this Order.......................										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch.............	28		18 1		64		78 2			
										
47. Other Intestinal Worms...										
48. Other Diseases of this Order......										
			8, 330					65	__	
Carried forward........	7,880	40		51	6,703	43	5,764		6 467 "3	
-										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1865.
485
        TABLE LXXVI.



of the Middle Military  Division.
--	1864. IECEMBER. '								1805.							
I			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
46,985.			42, 496.		38,661.		40,7	27.	39,824.		33,105.		29, 030.		47, 795.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 1	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.
1	60	31	32	17	28	12	17	22	35	22	32	4	56	25	819	281
2 3 4 5			4 12	1 4	1 8	1 2	L 5	1	1 18	1 1					35 800	8 26
	6										8	1	31	6		
	217	2	244	1	201	2	214		322	1	302	1	428	1	4,608	21
6	328	...	207		163		224		515		424		273		5,229	
7	295		174		112		145		289		334		341		4,320	
8	28	'	6		11		28		20		2		15		249	2
9	1	1	10	1	6	1	8	3	6	3	1		1		91	14
10	1,361		1,080	1	563		627		1,200		1,548	2	1,112		22,783	6
11	383	16	130	9	111	7	47	6	40	4	36		44	1	2, 582	90
12	155	1	124		73	2	95		148		414		291	2	3,397	9
13	17	4	15		9				11		3		3	1	209	10
14	26		17		24		32		41	1	43	1	25		359	8
15	6		2	2	9	1	11	3	9	4	3	1			82	18
16	5		3		5		213	6	227	4	136	2	7		635	13
17 18	1 2														1 123	5
			2		13	1	20		11		6		8			
19	11		23 1........		43		217		346		127		22		897	
20	101		293		143		226		262		141		54		1,437	
21	750		98		67		61	2	135	1	73		123		2,110	8
22	157		136		82		127		192		92		61		1,553	
23	116		141		86		161		130		71		59		1,442	
24	18		21		13		12		29		14		12		230	
25	1		3		3		3		10		1		1		32	
26 27 28 29	3		1		1		1 1 9 7				10		16		43 1 15 222	
																
									1 10		1 14					
	11		10		10								12			
30 31 32									1 2 10						11 21 76	1 2
					1 17		4 7	1 2			1 8		1 2			
	16		3													
33 34	2 1														6 15	1
																
35 36															3 2,634	1
	251		309		169	1	204		247		246		146			
37	284		163		112		95		70		84		57		1,854	
38	2		4		10		9		1						280	2
39 40	2 1										1 19				3 52	
			1		3		7		4				1			
41 42	1 12	1	3 17						1 6						14 120	15
				3	8	4	5	1		2	12		10	2		
43	9		4		2		11		5		6		4		101	1
44 45									1 123						3 905	
	100		120		105		45				54		47			
46 47 48	4 2	1			3 1				1 2	.......	1 1		1 1		I 21 14 2	1
			3													
																
																
	4,746	57	3,415	39	2,216	34	2,899	47	4,482	44	. 4,272	12	3,265	38	60,439	543
 
48G
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXVI.—MIDDLE MILITARY DIVISION—Continued.
					18(	> 1.				~--1
										
	July.		August.		September.		Ol'TH	nr.i:.	NovKitnKit.	
	49,835.		60,689.		60, 722.		1 J^------.			
							'		o',l!£i.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.	
	7,880	40	8,330 1 15 238 4	51 1 1	6,703 3 11 94 3 3	43 3 2	5,764 1 14 103 6 1 2	65 1 1	---	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										73
	13 216 1								2 j . 20 j ! 143 ..... o ! 2 !	
										
										
										
			1						1	
			1							
	6 79 2 174 8 1	1 2	10 95 3 156 17 4	5	2 75 3 10	1	5 63 4		6 100 3	
										
										
										
							6		1 3	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
					1 80					
	82 2 35 1 8 2 7 6		75 9 30 1 9 6 11				57 1 7		83 5 5 1 5 6 12	
					5 ........ 14 ______					
										
					1					
Order 111.—Diseases of Ear.					10 4 6 1 1 4		3 3 16			
										
										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	10		3 1	1			8 1	1	9 4	2
										
										
			3							
										
									2 !........ 16 ........ 6 ........ 1 ........	
	36 23		32 16 16 120 34		23 12		16 19			
										
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.	14 141 13			1 2 1 1 1 1	21 132 42		14 209 32	1	16	
									303 ........ 56 ........	
										
										
	10 15 14 40 11 22 266 234 123	5 1 1	11 13 29 30 6 8 298 217 144 4 3 44		5 8 15 29 5 2 171 159 46	1	3 13 39 45 3	1 1	3 9 57 47 8 36 148 201 33	7 1
										
										
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic..............................................						1	171 197 51			
										
										
										
					5 68		4 78		12 51	
	81									
								1		
99. Fistula in Ano...............	1 35		2 46		3 43 1		1 53 2	.-•! 4 .......1 40 . ... 1		86
100. Hernia.......										
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach......										
Carried forward........										
	9,612			66	7,824	51	7,017	71 1 7.930		
			'							
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
487
TABLE LXXVI.-MIDDLE MILITARY DIVISION-Continucd.
18(14.			18(»5.													
DECEMBER.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
46,985.			42,496.		38,	661.	40,	727.	39,824.		33,	105.	29,030.		47, 795.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. | Deaths.	
	4,746	57	3,415	39	2,216	34	2,899	47	4,482	44	4,272	12	3,265	38	60, 439	543
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60					1 17 101 1 1 1	3 1	14 127 1 2 2	1 1 2 3 9				1 1	8 99 . 1 2	1 1 1 1	8 183 1,537 26 12 12 2 68 968 31 356 43 22 2 863 38 119 10	13 5 8 12 10 o 1. 7 2
	21 83		20 132						16 117 3 1 3	2 4	14 84 4					
																
	3	3	1 11 90 1	1												
												1	1 4 50 5 10			
	11 93 6				7 69 2		o 64 1 1 2		1 101 1 1 5		3 89					
										1	4					
		........	3	1	1											
61 62 63 64 65 66	1 1 72 6 2				3		2		2		2		4			
																
			56 2 4		43 4 6 1		80 2 4 2		91		84		60 2 1 1			
									5 1		C 1					
																
67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 8!) 90	5 1 15				3 3 6		7 7 11		12 2 14		5 1 6		4 1 8		71 37 122 7 2 103 11 1 11 1 5 179 109 8 143 2,476 473 4 95 377 741 490 90 245	2 9 2 1 3 7 3 89 7 1 1
			1 10													
	1 11 1	1 1								1						
			14 1	1	12	2	2		6		13 3	1	11			
													1			
	5	1	1			1			2							
				1			1									
	1 14 4	........!	1 10 5								1 12 5 4 3 104 30					
					3 4		8 4 1 8 313 33 .1 2 35 105 43 5 13		3 3				6 8	........		
	24 287 62 2 1 37 56 60 7 13	i 5 10 3	13 384 30 1 50 121 133 30 6 70	1 1 11	9 292 53			1 1 22 1	2 147 78			1	3 44 10			
					1 74 80 38 5 27	17			6 37 106 59 18 25	7	2 7 55 35 9 4	3	1 8 52 34 7 25	3 1		
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	79 286 22	1 1	75 196 13	1	44 128 7		39 226 14		79 289 10		64 228 21		76 201 29 1 3 21		1,510 2,562 513 5 44 485	2 5 1
	6 29	1	4 34		3 , 15		1 30		1 15		2 19					
		1											1 4 19 1		1 34 379 5	I
	4 27		6 29				4 14		2 24	1	3 24					
					23											
																
6,105		84	4,973	57	3,304	58	4,132	88	5,770	60	5,223	20	4,092	46	76,078	737
 
488
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXVI.—MIDDLE MILITARY DIVISION—Concluded.
	1				1H04.		OCTC 64, Cases.	HER. 340. Deaths.	---	
										
	July.				September.					
			60						Nl'VKMHKl;	
	49,835.			fiRQ	60,722.				- --._	
									67,123.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.			Cases.	Deaths.
	9,612	50	10,096	66	7,824	51	7,017	71	7,930	86
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	4 47		1 40		1 44		1	1		
									90 11 5 2 14 10 251 136 16	
	8 ■ 9	1 3	6 8		7 2	1	10			
										
	1 9				1 8					2
			17							
	16		9		4					
	91	1	187		205		166 148 4			
110. Files...............................................	190		168		148					
	30		25		10					
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
	14 1		8		11		8		8	
113. Diabetes............................................										
			4		10		4		3	
					1 8					
	2 7		2 19				6 10 1 6 2 5	1	7 12 2 18 3 3	
										
	2 5 1		5 8 1		1 3 2 3					
										
										
121. Other Diseases of this Order...............„........										0
Order VTII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
	1		1		4		1		4	
123. Caries...........................									1 9	
124. Inflammation of Joints...........................	1		11		3		9 3 5 2			
125. Inflammation of Bones.......................										
126. Inflammation of Periosteum....................	2		2 2		£				9 2	
										
128. Other Diseases of this Order.............										
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System,										
			160 400 32 77 92		107 260 20 56 84		86 244 22 40 97		68 261 17 51 103	
130. Boils...................................	193 18									
										
132. Whitlow..................................										
	65									
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND										
INJURIES.										
Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
134. Burns.................................	12 91		19 95 1		14 202 2		19 144		25 146	
								1		
	1	4		1						
137. Drowning......................................						1	70 3 10 25 3,505 21 25 6 2 20	1	........	
	82		71 2 8		90 4 12 14 4,388 33 48 5 2 7				87 4 13 3 213 96	
	1									
140. Simple Fractures........................ .........	4									
	1 1,216 11					186		235		129
142. Gunshot Wounds....................................		54	984 39 1G 6 2 25	82						
										1
144. Lacerated Wounds.............................	4					2		2 2 2		1
145. Punctured Wounds............................	2 (5	1							7	1
146. Poisoning................										
147. Other Accidents and Injuries..........	29			3		3			18	3
113. Order II.—Homicide.......										.......
149. Order III.—Suicide...				1 3		1				2
15'.>. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence										
.										227
1 Total.......	11,920	115	12, 649	156	13,655	24fi	11,872	316	9,669	
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
489
TABLE LXXVI.—MIDDLE MILITARY DIVISION—Concluded.
	180'	_. ER.	1805.													
DECEMB			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		Juke.		Total.	
	46,985.		42,496.		38, 661.		40,727.		39,824.		33,105.		29,030.		47, 795.	
—	Cases. 6,105	Deaths. 84	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			4,973	57	3,304	58	4,132	88	5,770	60	5,223	20	4,092	46	76,078	737
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111			•		1 105 4 2 2 5 6 76 72 2								1 27 2 1		9 906 70 46 13 128 87 1,282 1,290 117	1 5 12 4 1 2 1
	86 2 8 3 4 11 119 107 11	1 1 3	111 3 1 1 5 4 74 90 6			2	118 5 3	1 1 1 1	91 9 1		51 4 3 3 20 1 27 50 2	2 2				
						1	10 3 46 62 1		4 4 23 8				17 8 17 55 2			
112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121	6		3				2		1 1 2		2		4		67 3 37 1 40 - 131 48 96 19 22	1 2 1 2
					1 2											
	7		3				1			1	1					
																
	4 24 2 22 5 2	1	2 6 22 6 2		4 10 3 16 1 3	1	2 3 2 4 1		1 5 2 6				2 10 2			
											14 4 2					
													1 1			
									1		4					
122 123 124 125 126 127 128	1		4 3 2										1 2		17 7 47 3 39 17 4	
					1											
	3	"					1		4		4					
																
	7 3 2		4 4		5		2 1		1 2							
													1			
					2											
129 130 131 132 133	84 182 13 50 85	----	76 243 19 34 96		37 138 10 31 65		38 136 8 31 42	........	74 158 6 30 51		26 142 5 26 37		22 124 14 12 13		864 2,481 184 483 830	
134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147	31 104 1	2	27 116 4	1	12 104		17 81 1	1	18 75 1 78 11 8	1 2	4 52	1	3 52	1 1 3 2	201 1,262 11	4 4 11 2 756 ■ 1 5 2 2 22
											83 6 10	1	56 4 5 1 11 23 6 5 6 6			
	72 7 14 3 126 115 13 5	27	94 2 6 2 43 79 13 5 1 181	1 7	68 3 11 2 34 58 9 3 1 46	1 7	97 4 5 2 135 47 6 2								948 51 106 53 10,765 563 167 56 36 635	
								10	100 25 11 3 13 13	12	10 16 7 7	4				
	275	3					10	4		1	5					
148																
149		1				1		1						1		8 5
150				2												
__	.	123														
J	7,724		6,370	68 4,259		71	5,061	108	6,675	77	5,851	30	4,615	54	100,320	1,591
62 
490
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
               TABLE LXXVI1.

Abstract of the Sickness  and .Mortality
Year............................
Month................-..........
Mean Strength.................
          LIST OF DISEASES
   CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
       Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever............................
Typhus Fever.............................
Typho-Malarial Fever......................
Yellow Fever..............................
Remittent Fever...................-.......
Quotidian Intermittent Fever...............
Tertian Intermittent Fever.................
Quartan Intermittent Fever.................
Congestive Intermittent Fever..............
Acute Diarrhoea............................
Chronic Diarrhoea...........................
Acute Dysentery...........................
Chronic Dysentery..........................
Erysipelas.................................
Small-pox and Varioloid....................
Measles....................................
Scarlet Fever..............................
Diphtheria.................................
Mumps.....................................
Epidemic Catarrh...........................
Other Diseases of this Order................
        Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.
Syphilis....................................
Gonorrhoea................................
Orchitis....................................
Stricture of the Urethra....................
Purulent Ophthalmia.......................
Serpent Bite...............................
Other Diseases of this Order................
        Order III.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy ....................................
Purpura...................................
Delirium  Tremens.........................
Inebriation................................
Chronic Alcoholism.........................
Other Diseases of this Order................
 CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
           Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout............................................
36. Acute Rheumatism...............................
37. Chronic Rheumatism..............................
38. Anaemia....................*......................
39. Cancer...........................................
40. Tumors..........................................
41. Other Diseases of this Order......................
         Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption.....................................
43. Scrofula.........................................
44. Other Diseases of this Order......................
1804.
July.
Cases.  Deaths.
171
 12
571
610
816
789
 55
  6
276
175
795
 78
 44
  9
  4
 15
 27
 51
447

176
124
 32
 17
  7
  4
  1

 43
  1
298
203
 99
     CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch...........................................
46. Tape-worm....................................
47. Other Intestinal Worms........................
46. Other Diseases of this Order...................
Carried forward.........................  15 Q82
105
25
23
August.
55,105.
Cases.  Deaths
151
 10
646
1,478
  534
  597
   49
    4
5,552
  950
  734
   36
   59
    4
    4
 10
 11
 60
405

118
 76
 16
  9
  2
296
249
101
September.
60,897.
52
26
238
12,346
Cases.  Deaths.
 56
  1
350
1,161
  659
  769
  109
   30
5,062
  899
  662
   58
   26
  9
 13
 51
453

152
189
 26
 10
  7
273
228
 55
  2
11,452
October.
72,58.1.
Cases.  Deaths
85
442
  971
1,038
  773
   40
   12
4,005
  606
  650
   48
   38
   1
   3
 10
 28
 99
284

206
202
 30
 10
 12
  1
  3
  1
375
276
 19
NOVEMBIB.
10,378
140 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
491
     TABLE LXXVII.



of the Army of the Potomac.
1804.			1805-													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		Ju	NE. 307.	TOTAL.	
	97,235.		104,436.		105,635.		109, 707.		110,233.		76,992.		29,		80, i 82.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.	
1	155	45	213	73	157	28	115	36	88	22	156	37	108	16	1,561	498
2 3 4 5	4 277		1	1	1	1	1				3		3		37	2
		6	269	21	214	10	174	9	149	3	160	4	116	12	3,761	175
	S?3	13	818	10	607	7	779	4	708	2	748	3	328		10, 870	122
6	864	3	706	1	562		837		615	1	824	1	293	1	. 9,063	12
7	■ 612	1	445	1	433		502		470		409	1	185		6,677	7
8	43		44		32		54		58		45		18		592	
9	15	1	7	7	5	3	11	2	2		11	2		1	118	26
10	2,958	6	2,875	2	1,802	2	2,267	1	3,747	2	4,009	7	1,738	8	44,203	77
11	571	23	501	54	370	24	399	11	396	15	450	12	230	10	7,142	322
12	344	2	296	2	200	2	311		527	2	447		146	4	5,588	49
13	45	1	36	4	14	2	10		15	2	23		5		431	31
14	55	3	74		64	2	64	2	48	3	57	1	18		606	13
15 16			8		22	1	12	2	11	2	4				79	14
	42		43		25	3	89	3	121	3	87	2	23		482	12
17 18					1 11	1	1 19	1 2							2 14C	2 14
	16		26	1					7	1	9		2	1		
19	57		48		78		105		66	1	50		12		585	1
20	400		557		117		66		20		38		18		1,705	
21	317	2	282	2	322	2	250	4	285	1	445	3	86	1	4,062	58
22	160		164	1	180		199		149		134		67		1,866	1
23	131		102		138		189		169		123		54		1,620	
24	40		29		35		41		26		22		12		344	
25 26 27 28 29	5 8		8 6		9 3		9				5		2 1		93 47 7 20 453	o
																
											1 4 60					
			1 52		1 30				4 20							
	32						36	2					26			
30 31	2 2	2	2	2	4						6 2		3		26 19	2 3
							5									
32	6		2		2		3		1		2		1		28	
33 34							2		1						15 7	
					4											
35 36			o 511						2 388	3	1 426				8 4,725	9
	626				505	1	509						85	2		
37	449		365		332		392		238		227		60		3,462	1
38	29		29	1	34		42		36		56		17		542	5
39 40	1 11										3 5				6 75	
			12		12		12		5				1			
41 42	3 25	1 2	5 34	9	8 28										21 252	2 28
						5	32	4	12	1	17	s	3			
43	13		17		12		15		14		10		6		168	
44 45					1 112										6 892	
	71		112				125	*•	111		94		37			
46			4		4		6		2		3		5		39	
47	1		4		2		2		8		5		1		59	1
48																
	9,217	HI														
			8,714	192	6,495	94	7,685	84	8,519	64	9,241	73	3,710	56	112,510	1,489
 
492                            SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE  LXXVIL—ARMY OF THE POTOMAC—Continued.
Yr.AR............
MONTH...........

Mean Strength .
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward.
 69.
 70.


 71.
 72.
 73.
 74.
 75.
 76.
 77.
 78.
 79.
 80.


 81.
' 82.
 83.
 84.
 85.
 86.
 87.
 88.
 89.
 90.


 91.
 92.
 93.
 94.
 95.
 96.
 97.
 98.
 99.
 100.
 101.
    CLASS  IV.—LOCAL DISEASES.

    Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
Apoplexy...................................
Epilepsy---'................................
Headache...................................
Insanity....................................
Inflammation of Brain............,...........
Inflammation of Membranes of Brain.........
Inflammation of Spinal Cord.................
Nostalgia...................................
Neuralgia..................................
Paralysis...................................
Sun-stroke..................................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
         ORDER II.—Diseases of Eye.
Amaurosis..................................
Cataract....................................
Inflammation of Conjunctiva.................
Inflammation of Iris.........................
Night Blindness.............................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
         Order III.—Diseases of Ear.
Inflammation of Internal Ear................
Deafness....................................
Otorrhoea...................................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
Aneurism......................................
Valvular Disease of Heart......................
Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
Inflammation of Pericardium...................
1 anamination of Endocardium..................
Inflammation of Veins..........................
Varicose Veins.................................
Varicocele.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
  Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
Asthma........................................
Acute Bronchitis...............................
Chronic Bronchitis.............................
Dropsy of Chest...............................
Haemorrhage from Nose........................
Inflammation of Larynx........................
Inflammation of Lungs.........................
Inflammation of Pleura.........................
Haemorrhage from Lungs.......................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
  Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Colic..........................................
Constipation........................f.
Cholera Morbus.......................
Cirrhosis of Liver.....................
Dropsy from Hepatic Disease..........
Dyspepsia............................
Diseases of Pancreas..................
Diseases of Spleen....................
Fistula in Ano.........................
Hernia...............................
Haemorrhage from Stomach............
Carried forward .
1S04
July.
74,589.
Cases.  Deaths.
15,082
  2
 22
322
  4
  1
  7
135
  7
166
  4
  3
109
  4
 76
  1

 10
 12
 11
  1


  2
  7
  1
  1
  2
 30
 32
  2

 15
170
 29
314
405
132
August.
55,105.
Cases.  Deaths
12,346
  4
 25
215
  3
  4
  1
  2
 96
  8
244
  1
 28
 16
  1

 20
124
 33
 18
 14
 32
 32
  8
 30

331
349
 99
  1
 16
17,461
259
14,443
September.
60,897.
Cases. I Deaths.
11,452
 36
170
 12
  1
  2
 37
 22
  1

 16
207
 43
  2
 35
 22
 36
  4
  5

244
285
 53
  2
 22
110
208
130
72,581.
Novemiip.ii.

  74,561.
Cases.
10,378
  3
 41
136
  8
Deaths.
  4
109
  9
  2
  1
105
  3
 13
 31
 21
  2

 22
277
 62
  1
  2
 11
 61
 59
 10
 46

196
362
 39
 12
114
13,186
    6
    64
    1

12,262
156 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING JUNE  30, 18G5.
493
TABLE LXXVIL—ARMY OF THE POTOMAC—Continued.
	1804		1805.													
DECEMBER. 97,235.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
			104,436.		105,635.		109,707.		110,233.		76,992.		29,807.		80,982.	
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 5fi 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 8'2 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	Cases, i Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.
	9,217 2 69 241 3 1 0 1 18 158 4	111 4 1 2 1 1	8,714 3 64 252 5 2 1 10 158 2	192 3 1 2 2	6,495 1 48 183 8 2	94 1 2 3	7,685 7 39 258 8 2 2 4 4 170 6 3 4 2 1 149 6 5 7 13 12 24 1	B4 4 1 3 3 3 1	8,519 4 23 162 5 2 2	64 3	9,241 1 17 224 10 2 1 3 7 100 9 99 11 1	73 1 2 1 1	3,710	56	112, 510 34 455 2,435 74 17 8 10 98 1,413 84 550 35 19 20 1,198 30 234 30 96 98 260 2 • 5 138 32 11 18 6 12 341 204 54 321 5,600 744 8 63 452 1,038 914 113 2,050 2,705 4,343 . 522 7 199 1,087 3 3 80 813 i 17	1,489 26 11 20 8 4 2 3 17 7 1 32 2 3 5 7 2 2 160 11 5 5 4 5 1
													17 91 4			
																
																
										1 ' 1						
																
																
					10 157 11				4 95 9 16 3 1				6 32 2 16	1 2		
																
										1 1 1						
	4 2 3 124 2 13 4 8 9 29		4 3 3 126 3 8 3 9 12 31		2 I	3										
																
																
					130 1 8 7 10 8 31				83 4 10		77 1 12		28 2 2 2 6 5 10			
																
																
																
									3 1 19		6 11 21					
																
																
																
											1 9 4	2	1 1 3	1		
	13 2 2 2	2	17 6	2	18	4	19 2 2 2	2	8	4						
																
			2 3	1	2 1 1 20 13 26 37 1,085 . 167 2 2 88 146 102 13 891 162 339 12	1		1	2		3					
													1			
	1 39 23 2 41 841 55								4 22 8		3 42 10 5 24 270 15					
		1	31 20 3 37 936 152 3 2 93 174 163 15 255 211 476 18	2 37 5 2		1 29 1 1	28 16 12 39 722 59 2 7 82 155 100 15 413 188 503 28 1 7 96						9 5			
																
										1						
								3	15 303 37			1	11 82 12			
										2 1						
	4 32 158 132 11 177 260 409 16 1 33 105	22 4						33 1 2 2	15 12 57 54 7 76 207 301 12		3 14 40 61 9 46 245 345 42 2 16 74	6	2 7 19 14 1 8 128 149 47			
										1 11						
																
																
										1						
																
																
			18 126		15 115 1	........			10 54				12 34			
																
																
	1 8 91															
			9 87 1		7 68 1		11 97 4		5 49 1		5		2 15 2			
										1	54 1 1 1.......					
																
	12,373	149	12,271	249	10, 447	140	11,022	143	10,224	94	11,197	87	4,498	60	141,613	1,832
 
494
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXVIL—ARMY OF THE POTOMAC-Concluded
					1804.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVE 74, Cases.	MBIR. 561. Doathi 144 2 1 1
	74, 589.		55,105.		60,897.		72,581.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases. .Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		
	1 17,461 95Q		14,443 3 56 27 21 1 39 7 488 186 16 18 2 16	208 1 1 1 1 1	13,186 5 56 26 9 2 19 5 316 199 5 2 3 5 1 1 15 5 21 1 1 2 1 7	143 1 1 1 1 1	12,262 5 94 15 7 2 21 7 • 235 166 4 10 1 8	156 3 1	12,229 3 98 27 7 1 15 20 262 184 9 9 2 8	
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.	2									
	83 ........ 41 ........ 1 j........ 1 2 18 ........ 7 ........ 294 1........ 269 ........ 9........									
										
										
										
										
										
										
110. Piles................................................										
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.	19 1 10 1 9 21 4 18 4 2 3 3 7									
113. Diabetes............................................										
										
115. Diseases of Prostate.................................										
			4 18 6 18 5 2	1			7 24 5 11 1		5 14 7 13 3 4 6	
										
										
										
120. Hydrocele.........................................										
										
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.							3 1 11 3 1 5			
123. Caries.................................'										
124. luh\unj)iation of Joints.....................			11 1 4 4 2 145 384 14 76 124 35 132 4						6 1 6 3 1 144 345 27 74 157 56 159 2 125 8 8 7 299 98 15 13 2 24	2 1 1 56
										
126. Inflammation of Periosteum...................	8				1 7					
										
										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	167 404 23 97 128 48 156 4	1 2		1	133 346 13 56 95 27 94 2	1	128 355 19 55 123 36 178 2	2 1 101 1		
131. Boils..........................										
										
132. Whitlow......................										
										
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
										
136. Concussion of Brain.....................										
										
	119		98 5 12 1 2,322 43 41 8 15 25	198 1 2	85 3 6 2 958 54 22 6 6 4	43 2	151 4 20 10 1,477 67 18 11 3 21			
										
	10 1 2,043 63 29 6 11 45	3 124 2 1								
141. Compound Fractures.........										
142. Gunshot Wounds..............										
										
144. Lacerated Wounds........										
115. Punctured Wounds..............										
146. Poisoning..............										
147. Other Accidents and Injuries...										
148. Order II__Homicide.										
149. Order III.—Suicide				2				1 2		
150. Order IV.—.Execution of Sentence						1				
TotaL...........										208
	21,650	394	18,882	418	15,813	195	15,587	268	14,506	
------------										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1865.
495
TABLE LXXVIL—ARMY OF THE POTOMAC—Coucluded.
	1804.		1805.													
December. 97,235.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			104,436.		105,635.		109,707.		110,233.		76,992.		29,807.		80, 982.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	12,373	149	12,271	249	10,447	140	11,022	143	10,224	94	11,197	87	4,498	60	141, 613	1,832
109	7	1	o		3		3		3		7				43	3
103	168		265		215		179		69		93		33		1,409	
104	15	2	11		15		19		7	1	22	1	6	1	231	7
105	6	1	13		11	3	9		10		10	1	13	1	117	12
106 107	2 14		1 13	1	2 15	1	2 26								14 237	3 5
								2	23		18		16			
108	10		8		10		27		5		1		5		112	2
109	257	2	327		301		311		138		154	1	87		3,170	5
110	173		167		181		180		165		206		45		2,121	
111	65		15	1	24		9		28		20		5		209	2
112	13		7		5		6		8		12		6		115	
113 114			4 18	2	1 9				1 5		3 19				18 118	4
	6						4	1					10			
115 116			3 5				1 5								6 42	
	1				1				1		1		2			
117	18		31		30		33		16		15		1		236	
118 119	10 27		13 23	-	4 11		7 20		6 3		1 13	1			68 180	2
													2			
120	2		6		2		5		5		3		1		38	
121	4		4		2	1	3		3		5				30	1
122	6		5		2		3		3		2		2		37	
123 124 125 126 127 128	5 6 5 8 2		7 8 1 4 4 5		3 6 1 1 4 o		5 8				2 10		1		28 89 42 48 33 18	
									9							
																
							5 3 2		6		4					
													1 1			
									2		3					
129	151	1	166		155		151		129		175		56		1,700	1
130	425		410		303		453		335		331		129		4,220	
131	22		23		19		16		12		23		4		215	
132	96		116		119		99		54		63		16		921	
133	160		130		137		142		150		145		32		1,523	
134	101		69		68		68		46		46		6		606	
135	239		184	1	234	2	257		200	1	221	2	41		2,095	7
136	1		2	1	7	1	7	1	6	1	1				38	8
137 138								1	189	3				1		10
	205		195		161		282				236		68		1,914	
139	9		5		6		15		2		5		1		63	
140	13		12	1	14		13		13		9		3		133	1
141	1	1	2		4		5	2	15		2	2	1		51	10
142	349	51	132	26	1,158	78	3,082	153	4,357	293	94	12	9		16,280	1,135
143	248		254		227	1	168		79		55		22		1,378	1
144	21		24	1	24		44	1	53	1	32		1		324	4
145	8		12		7		14		16		6		2		109	
146	7	1	7		13		3		17		66	1	33		183	2
147	197	4	88	2	47	5	25	6	71	2	103	4	4		654	30
148 149 150						1 o										2 8 15
	15,456	1 8 222		1 1						1						
								3								
—																
			15, 072	287	14,011 1 235		16,741	313	16,484	397	13,434	112	5,163	63	182,799	3,112
 
496               SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
          TABLE LXXVIH.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
									Nove 38,. Coses. 60	MI1EB. >91. Deathi 18
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
Mean Strength...............................										
	44,165.		32,074.		36,451.		44,569.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	97 1 231	30 38	120 3 190	18	85	10	63	16		
										
3. Typho-Malarial Fever.....................				30	179	20	136	16	80	18
6. Quotidian Intermittent Fever............	1,453 812 102 48 6,468 492 780 76 33 3 33	17 1 2 21 10 5	417 1,521 733 67 60 4,144 445 519 44 33 1	19 1 5 8 12 20	422 1,854 1,012 448 47 2,983 258 488 66 23	7 6 2 20 7 1 1	611 2,289 1,251 t145 16 2,647 259 458 47 26 1 3	2 1 5 2 25 8 1	252 1,385 838 78 7 1,691 225 248 42 29	3 3 5 15 3 2 1
7. Tertian Intermittent Fever......:.......										
8. Quartan Intermittent Fever...................										
9. Congestive Intermittent Fever..............										
10. Acute Diarrhoea..........										
11. Chronic Diarrhoea....................										
12. Acute Dysentery....................										
13. Chronic Dysentery.............										
										
15. Small-pox and Varioloid..................										
									18	
17. Scarlet Fever..................										
18. Diphtheria.......__.	13 32 52 331 85 81 20 4 1	1	1 12 76 422 58 64 17 4 3 1 1 35 1		3 7 30 344 66 115 10 4 3	1	3 47 163 267 107 202 24 5 4	1	11 14 227 170 117 171 17 3 4	1 1
19. Mumps............										
20. Epidemic Catarrh.....										
21. Other Diseases of this Order.......										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis.....................										
23. Gonorrhoea..............										
24. Orchitis.................										
25. Stricture of the Urethra.........										
26. Purulent Ophthalmia.........										
27. Serpent Bite..........										
28. Other Diseases of this Order........	2 26				3 82				1 19 2 3 3	
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy..............							40 1 1			
30. Purpura............										
31. Delirium Tremens.....	2 3	1			3					
32. Inebriation............			2 1	1						
33. Chronic Alcohol ism.............										
					1		1			
34. Other Diseases of this Order......										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout......................										
36. Acute Rheumatism..........	192 167 84		185 119 19		198 156 40 1 3 1 8 6		214 214 23		371 191 12	
37. Chronic Rheumatism........										
38. Anasmia...............										
										
40. Tumors................-	11		3 18 9 5 1 44	1		1	5 2 12 6		4	
41. Other Diseases of this Order.....										
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 42. Consumption........	14 1	2							6 11	1
43. Scrofula.........										
44. Other Diseases of this Order.....										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch___	70 1 11				43		104		76 1	
46. Tape-worm___										
47. Other Intestinal Worms ..			12		12		1			
48. Other Diseases of this Order										
										__
Carried forward__	12,637	128	9,410	115	9,004	76	9,398	77	6,387	71
—---------										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
497
      TABLE LXXVIH.



of the Department of Virginia.
	1864		1805.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
45,032.		Deaths.	43,315.		38, 648.		34, 748.		36,677.		50,991.		36, 932.		40,183.	
	Cases.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	47	12	42	21	31	25	25	13	17	14	37	16	36	5	660	198
2 3 4 5					1 23	8	1 26	1	2 19						8 1,110	157
	49	10	47	6						1	71	2	59	7		
	182		142	2	141	1	125	1	115		212	1	240	3	3,664	56
fi	1,004		949		644		797		546		982		613	1	14,037	2
7	677		521		342		339		496		764		675		8,460	1
8	44		39		23		45		24	1	32		52		1,099	1
9	2	2	4	6	2	1	3	1	2		8	1	1		200	31
10	1,781		1,979		1,002	4	945		1,154		2,348	4	1,815	15	28, 957	42
11	218	19	309	41	132	19	98	22	89	2	276	4	161	3	2,962	203
12	239	2	229	1	137	1	148		156		367	2	209	1	3,978	55
13	11	1	30	2	20	o	13		16		23		12		400	9
14	34		28		23		26	1	14		28	2	25		322	5
15 16 17 18			3 68	2	2 12	1 2	2 23				3 65	1 5	4 6		19 290	4 13
	36							1	26							
	6		8	1	5	o	3	2		2	5		9		67	10
19	15		74		26		22		11		29		10		299	
20	385		562		426		243		69		67		57		2,357	
21	183		147		162	1	122		62		137		202		2,549	3
22	164		120		78		50		59		156		106		1,166	
23	17R		117		51		49		93		185		181		1,485	
24	21		14		9		13		8		21		25		199	
25	6		4		7		6		3		1		3		50	
26 27 28 29	5		4				7		2						33 2 11 306	1
													1			
	1 14				1 14						2 18					
			15				26		7			1	10			
30 31 32 33 34			2 1 5				4 1		1						11 16 38 9	1 2
	1 3 1										1 2 2		3 16			
				1	1 1				3 2							
																
																
35 36					2 229		2 190				6 218				10 2,757	2
	422		295					1	126				117	1		
37	164		236		165		182		113		163		104		1,974	
38	16		15		13		13		10		19		15		279	
39 40															1 52	
	1		4		5		3		3		4		6			
41 42	3 13														24 122	1 18
		2	12	3	17	3	7	2	7	2	10	2	7			
43	6		9		8		7		4		15	1	7		85	1
44 45															1 863	
	120		76		44		72		47		91		76			
46 47 48	1 2		3 2								1 4		2 1		9 1 46 1.........	
							1									
																
																
	6,053	48	6,115	86	3,799	70	3,639	45	3,306	22	6,373	42	4,866	36	j 80,987	816
63 
498
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXVIII.-DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA-Continued.
					1 MPJ				NOVEMDKB	
			-.^v*-*.							
	July.						October.			
										
	44,	165.	32, 074.		36,451.		44,	569.	------__.	
									38,591.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 77 1 3	Coses. 6,387 1 19 110	Deaths. 71 1 1
	12,637 1 11 350 2 2	128	9,410	115	9,004 1 13 105 2	76 1	9,398 1 38 200 4			
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
		2	13 232 2 2							
										
										
									1 1	
				1	1	1				
55. Inflammation of Spinal Cord...................	3 12 136 1 104	1 3 1					1			
			12 68 3 144 5 2	4 1	5 66 4 11				4 103 2	
							86 6 1	1		
										
										
									3 2	1
Order II.—Diseases of Eye. 61. Amaurosis...........................					1		2			
	4 69 3 91									
63. Inflammation of Conjunctiva...................			37 1 73		42 10 57 4 7 5 21		65		46	
64. Inflammation of Iris...........................										
65. Night Blindness...............................							23		5 1 11 4 22	
66. Other Diseases of this Order...................										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear. 67. Inflammation of Internal Ear...................	9 5 25 2 2 7 1						5 3 24			
		1	4 15 1 1 2 1							
69. Otorrhcea....................										
70. Other Diseases of this Order...................										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.				1 1			2 7 2			
72. Valvular Disease of Heart.....................					10 3	1		1 1	11 2	1
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease.................										
74. Dropsy of Pericardium.................										
75. Inflammation of Pericardium....................	2									1
76. Inflammation of Endocardium................									1 1 14 3 1 35 404 57	
77. Inflammation of Veins......................			1 40 9 1 12 130 21		1 28 8					
	32 18	1 1					15 13			
79. Varicocele...........................										
80. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.	29 230 27 2 12 15 28 39 14 21 342 254 116				29 150 32 2 1 4 6 29 3 8 154 207 21 1 44 64	1 1 1	16 231 62 1 3 16 29 24 4 11 172 262 38 3 12 51	1		
82. Acute Bronchitis................................										
										
84. Dropsy of Chest...............................										
85. Haemorrhage from Nose.............................		7	1 9 27 22 3 10 247 314 67	1						
86. Inflammation of Larynx...................								4 1	19 56 58 5 30 134 162 16 2 11 45	9 1
										
88. Inflammation of Pleura........................										
										
90. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic.........................................										
92. Constipation........................................										
93. Cholera Morbus.....................................										
94. Cirrhosis of Liver..................................										
95. Dropsv from Hepatic Disease.......................	9 74		6 56							
										
97. Diseases of Pancreas...............										
98. Diseases of Spleen.............	7 8 53 1								2 a 48	
99. Fistula in Ano..........			4 40 1		3 38		4 57			
100. Hernia.....										
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach.....										
Carried forward.......										
	14,810	145	11,049	124	10,205	82	10,892	89	7,841	86
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 18G5.
499
TABLE LXXVIII.-DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA-Continued.
	1804.		i				18(55. ~~									
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	45,032.		43,315.		38, 648.		34,748.		36,677.		50, 991.		36,932.		40,183.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths.
	6,053	48	6,115	86	3,799	70	3,639	45	3,306	22	6,373	42	4,866	36	80, 987	816
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60	1 23 129 2 1	1 0 2	2 39 145 6 1	2 1	1 27 88 1 1		■	2 2							8 217 1,814 25 7 4 7 69 1,088 32 297 27	5 11 6 o 1 2 8 3
						1	15 119 2		2 64 2		9 144 1	1	8 128 1			
													1			
							2 5 67 3		1							
	4 126 1		o 143 1		6 103 3	1					5 70 1 9 2	1	14 69 2 26 12			
									51 5 2							
	3		2													
																
61 62 63			2 2 66		4 2 59						1		1		15 10 705	
	67						2 65									
									45		84		60			
64 65 66 67 68	2 4 1 10 3		1 3				2 9 1 4 5		4 10 2 1 2		3 10		1 18		27 306 9 86 44	
					3											
			8 6		17 4						5 2		9 1			
69 70	15		13		20		13 1		6		10		14		198	
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80															5 90 23 4 11 2 4 204 93 11	o 9 2 o 1 3
	6		6 3 1 1 1	1	7 4	2 1	11 2 1	2	9 2		9 2		5 1	1		
	2 3	1														
									2		2		1			
																
					1 6 5 2											
	17 11 2		13 3 2	1		I	11 3 1		5 2		8 8 1		15 10 1			
																
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 M	21 501 89 2 40 43 63 8 20	1 5	11 822 92 12 3 25 67 79		17 718 42	1	19 441 71		3 193 25 2 1 29 15 24	1	7 222 60 1 2 34 17 34	5	13 134 39 1 5 17 7 16		212 4,176 617 21 3fi 275 376 518	2 2 1 77 2
				16	4 27 51 73	21	2 40 30 57	8								
90			4 112	2	6 113		2 11		2 4		5 5	3	3 10		59 355	4 2
91 92 93 94 95 %	120 237 8		131 285 29		91 188 4 1 13		69 201 5		90 200 7		103 243 54	1 1	149 187 86 1 2	1 1	1,802 2,740 451 8 125	2 2 3
	11 45		8			1	4		3	1	2					
97 98 99 100 101			50		48		46		34		57		76		646	
	1 . 6 . 44 . 2 . 7,747	......													10 53 426	
			8 36		6 24		5 19				3 21		4 27			
									19							
		60	1 8,362				1	.......	2		1		2		11	
																
				109	5,589	99	5,006	59	4,176	24	7,630	54	6,043	39	99,350	970
 
500
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXVin.—DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA—Concluded.
					1H() 1			"	---,	
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		-—	
									N'ovrxmER.	
	44,165.		32,074.		36,451.		44,569.		38,591.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deathi. 66 1
	14,810 1 56 10 9	145 1 1 1	11,049	124	10,205	82	10,892 9 96 9 6	89	7,811 4 83 18 8	
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
			36 8 16	1 1 1 1	51 7 13 1 3 11 211 148 8 9 2 2					
										
										
										
	4 5 134 210 16 9 1 4		11 8 204 151 13 10 2 9 1 3 14 4 21 1 1 1 1 1 6 2 1 1 66 254 17 53 85 15 103 1 74 1 10 24 1,277 18 16 7 2 6			1	4 5 137 159 10 5 1	1	20 10 132 114 4 11 2 5	
										
										
110. Piles...............................................										
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
113. Diabetes............................................										
										
										
	3 24 1 20 7 1						1 15 2 19 3 1		1 15 2 6 2 1 o 1 2 1 6	
					38 1 18 1 1					
										
										
										
										
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
123. Caries......................................	2 3 10 1									
					7		7 1* 2 1			
125. Inflammation of Bones...............................										
126. Inflammation of Periosteum..........................					2 1					
										
128. Other Diseases of this Order.........................									1 81 230 10 59 72 21 71 2	1
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System	95 292 18 42 103 18 115 2	2 1 3 31		2 25 1 1	55 236 12 35 66 10 86 1 65 3 6 5 1,184 16 26 1 3	1 1 12	80 243 18 41 84 14 87 1	1		
130. Boils...................................										
										
132. Whitlow.....................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns......................................										
										
										
										
	69 1 5 5 783 20 6 22 7 1						77 6 1 3 1,030 33 20 6		96 4 4	
										
										
										
								37	30 57 10 4 4 6	15
										
										
										
										
147. Other Accidents and Injuries.........................						1	17	1		
										
149. Order III.—Suicide.......						1 1				
150. ORDER IV.—Execution of Sentence.....				1						1
Total................									1___	
	16,945	185	13,604	158	12,550	100	13,146	129	j 9,053 i	
										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30,  1865.
501
TABLE LXXVIII.-DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA—Concluded.
	180-	1. ER. j I							18(55.							
DECEMD			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
""	45,03"		43,315.		38,	348.	34,748.		36,677.		50,991.		36,932.		40,183.	
—	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	.Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	7,747	60	8,362	109	5,589	99	5,006	59	4,176	24	7,630	54	6,043	39	99,350	970
102 ion			1		1		2				1				19	2
	87		177		152		118		43		62		33		994	
104	17		10	1	23		10		4		13	2	23		152	5
105 106 107	5	1	19	1	6		2		5		6	1			95	5
		3	3		1		o		1		1	2			14	6
	21		11	1	19		22		5		13		3		136	2
108	13		20		3		1		2		15		10		103	1
109	114		105		72		61		48		82		63		1,363	1
110	125		99		72		54		61		107		97		1,397	
111 112 113	7 13				6		4	1			6		2		85	1
			15		7		2				3		3		87	
			1		1		2				3				18	
	2		1		2						1		2		28	
115 116															1 22	
	1		3		4		1		1		3		1			
117	17		16		9	1	15		6		10		9		188	1
118 119	4 16				2 15				1 6		1 7		1 3		19 162	
			25				6									
120 121	2 1		6 3		3 5		2				1 1		3 3		31 18	
																
122 123 124	3 1 7		4 1 10		2 2 5						4 2 3		3 1 5		19 12 55	
									1 2							
							3									
125 126			2 3								1 2		1 3		22 30	
	1				3		4		1							
127 128			2		1		2				1		2		11 3	
	1															
129	89		70		79		51		45		40		42		793	
130	281		260		208		203		139		240		200		2,786	
131	14		29		13		4		5		8		5		153	
132	48		55		72		52		35		30		27		549	
133	74		83		106		91		60		82		55		961	
134	21		28		24		31		21		12		9		224	
135	109		173	1	80		71		57		75		76	1	1,103	4
136 137 138	1		1		1								4 76	2 2	14	5 14
						1						4				
	78		101		122		94		88		108				1,048	
139	1		2		6		1		4		2		1		32	
140	5		11		5		5		8		11		6	1	77	1
141 142	2 82	8	2 510				3 157			5 48					44 6,112	5 208
				2	50	3		5	939		37	18	33	4		
143	85		86	1	85		55		41		37		41		574	1
144	9		14		12		11		7		8		10		149	1
145	1		7		6		7		10		7		13		91	
146	4		2		4		7		4	1	3		11		51	. 1
147	45	1	90	1	29	o	8	1	21	1	8	1	11		242	10
148 149 150		1						1								2 2 9
														1		
		1				4		1								
																
	9,162	75	10,432	117	6,907	110	6,170	68	5,847	79	8,687	82	6,934	50	119,437	1,257
 
502                 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE LXXIX.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1 SRi					----1
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									NOVEMUBB. 6,713.	
	6,453.		7,257.		7,174.		6,750.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Draths.. Cases.		Deaths. 10
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. ORDER I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	24	4	13	3	5 1 9 174 657 1,628 491 10 2 498 26 84 4 1	1	27	6	21	
										
	4		12	1		8 1 1 2	24 493 597 1,863 877 87 11 337 23T 74	7 74 9 2 6	9 38 212 1,126 657 18 7 228 12 47 3 4	1 3 2 2 6 2
										
	71 473 200 5 1 314 22 70	1	314 1,415 429 6 6 257 22 65 6 4	1						
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
	2									
										
	5									
17. Scarlet Fever.......................................									1 2 3	
	1 4									
							1			
			8 27 40 51 7 2							
	38 34 26 2 1				84 45 44 3		67 36 35 2		80 32 27 5 1 1	
Order II.—Enthetia Diseases. 22. Syphilis...................................										
										
24. Orchitis....................,................										
										
										
			1		1					
										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy......................................	2		11 5		6 1		4		3	
										
	1								|	
									1	
									1	
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...............................................										
	34 14 18		42 21 8		22 15 4		21 8 9		27 I-. 4 '........ 6 ........	
										
										
										
			1		1				1 ........	
										
ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases.	1 3		3 1		2			1	i	
							1			
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch.....................	7		9		4		5			
										
									1	
										
Carried forward.......'			2,786			........1			2 578 i 26	
	1,377	5		5	3,822	13	4,602	105		
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
503
          TABLE LXX1X.



of the Department of North Carolina.
	1804.		1805.													
December.			January. February.				March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
6,831.			7,521.		32,133.		34,760.		41,207.		39,	154.	32,587.		19,045.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 1 Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21	8 1 3	5 1 1	11	2	104 3 90	2	78	3	91	4	108 1 187	16 2 4	72	16	562 6 752 705 4,175 11, 766 6,765 413 115 10,790 1,303 1,667 131 150 63 278 1. 37 431 770 1,248	72 3 42 85 35 2 4 10 14 100 8 2 4 8 9 13
			2	1			162		202	3			48	24		
	102 526 409 11 211 12 18	1 1 1 5	80 299 266 10		289 663 512 51 16 1,147 147 152 13 24 13 124	1 2 1 2 4	498 696 620 87 20 1,280 196 237 17 28 30 31	1 1 1	542 977 730 41 26 1,693 218 191 20 33 12 85	3 1 1 18 1 5 4	435 1,078 998 53 11 2,781 336 396 48 17 4 24	2 1 1 24 2 1	378 1,022 576 34' 13 1,929 267 301 10 33 4 9	15 3 3 11 39 1 1 1 1		
			115 22 32 8 o	1												
																
																
	2				14 178 391 114	1	7 98 158 150		2 77 68 198	10	3 62 83 262		6 7 60 119	2		
			1 2 60													
																
	49															
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34	19 21 3		24 40 4 2		74 107 12		106 138 12 2 1		97 128 14 7 1		100 187 17 2 3		91 150 7 1 2		698 954 88 18 8 2 5 329 16 4 2 4 9	
																
																
							3 21 5 1				1 96		1 87 2			
	3				31 1 1				65 2							
																
											1					
									1 1				1			
	1						2									
											9					
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44			1 42 26									1 1			1 1,327 724 80	1 2
	29 9 5				224 115 10		234 185 1		300 153 12		238 112 4		114 62 3	1		
																
			1		1				1		11	1 2	3		20	1 5
																
	o 1		2 2		7 11		8 4		8 5		7 11		9 2	2	49 41	
45 46 47 48	25 I		57 1		64		87		75 1 2		104 1 1		73 2 1		513 6 4	
																
																
	1,477	15														
			1,112	4	4,703	13	5,203	6	6,079	50	7,792	58	5,499	120	47,030	420
 
504
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE LXXIX.—DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA—Continued.
					1SUJ 1					
										
	July.		August.		September.				—----	
								>m,u.	NOVF	MBRR.
	6,453.		7,257.		7,174.				---	---
									6,713.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases, j Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. ! Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 2,578	Deaths. 96
	1,377	5	2,786	5	3,822	13	4,602	105		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	2 25		1 51 1		6 14 1		1 48		2 17 1	
										
										
							1			
							1			
							........I.....			
					1 3 2					
	16		23				6 ........ 1 ........		9 1	
										
	2		4							
					1					
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
					1 9					
	2 1 10		9 1 3				9 ........		7 2	
										
					7		|			
									1	
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.	1 2		2 5		3 1					
										
							1			
			1							
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
					2		2			
	1								1	
										
										
										
										
	2 2 7 3 32 3		4 3		1		2 2		2 2 1 2 46 2	
										
80. Other Diseases of this Order.........................					1 1 23 1					
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.			1 25 4				5 33			
										
83. Chronic Bronchitis..................................										
										
			1 3 6 1 1 41 45 92 9				1		1 5 8 3 2 34 7 49	
	1 6 4	1			2					
							2 3 1 22 14 92 1 1			
					3 2 12 21 99 3					
										
	22 29 77	1								
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............................................										
										
93. Cholera Morbus.................................										
	1 1 30									1
			1 28		1 10				2 1	
							3			
										
										
										
100. Hernia.........	6 2		6 2		7 1		3		4	
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach............										
Carried forward...........										27
	1,667	7	3,160	5	4,061	13	4,855	105	2,790	
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
505
TABLE LXXIX.—DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA—Continued.
1804.							1805.									
DECEMBER. 6,831.			January.		FEBRUARY. 1		March.		April. 1 may.				June.		Total.	
			7,521.		32,133.		34,760.		41,207.		39,	154.	32, 587.		19,045.	
—	Cases. '1,477	Deaths. 15	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths*.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			1,112	4	4,703	13	5,203	6	6,079	50	7,792	58	5,499	120	47,030	420
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90	2 1 12	2			1 9 58 1 2	1 1			1 22 127		1 22 180 1 2	2			5 95 755 6 8 ■ 1 6 18 459 18 27 5 6 8 374 14 99 9 49 29 38 1 5 34 10 5 7 2 1 54 31 15 54 1,464 163 5 22 82 524 283 26 329	5 1 3 1 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 25
							15 76 1 1 1						14 143	1		
			4													
			1						1			1	1	1 1		
																
					5 2 81 1				1 2 104 4							
						1	3 78 2				5 75 3 8	1	5 50 2 13 3 1 2 59 3 23	1 1		
	6 1		8 1													
									1 2 2 67 1 24							
			I		1 1 85 1 4 4 10 2 8						1 2 56 1 17 2 9 8 9					
																
	9 1		13 1				49 2 11 1 3 5 7									
			1													
	1								9 3 6				11 3 6			
																
			1													
																
			1 2		1 3 1		1 8 2 1 3	1 1	2 6 2 4							
	2 1									1	4		5 2	3		
																
					2						1		1 1			
	1															
							1 15 2									
	2 1		2 2		3 4 1 2 421 56				8 3 1 16 238 20	1	10 4 4 5 175 29	1	3 6			
			1 82 2				13 263 28 4 7 32 76 59 2 5						5 82 16 1 3 3 21 27 2 3	6		
	44 2															
			2 3 12 4 1 51	1	1 15 271 89 7 67	1 10		.....4"_	2 7 84 47 5 7	5	4 8 31 42 2 17	2				
	3 7 1 1 48															
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	12 42		3 36		52 148 7		77 178 18		120 210 16		122 204 45	1	145 242 72		647 1,469 171 2 53 203	1 1 1 1
																
	2 2		2 3		16 12		8 32		11 27		6 32	1	3 23			
					3 2 32		1 5 41 1		5 3 32		2 5 42				11 19 200 7	
													4 7 1			
	10		10													
																
	1,691	17	1,362	5	6,195	27	6,341	8	7,332	57	8,988	67	6,516	134	54,958	472
fi4 
506
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXIX.—DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA-Concluded.
					LSI	54.	_			
										
	July.		AUGIST.							
									.^OVEMBKK. 6,711	
	6,453.		7, 257.		7,174.					
								Deaths.		
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.		Casei.	Deathi. 27
	1,667	7	3,160	5	4,061	13	4, 855	103	2,790 2 5 1	
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	11 4		15 2	1	14		4 1			
										
										
										
	2 2 6 9 1		4 1 30 18 2 1		6 1 49 14				1 1 27 10 6	
							1 29 14 2			
										
110. Piles................................................										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.	1									
										
		1			1					
										
										
	2 !........		2		6		2		2	
										
	2 ........		2				4		3	
										
							2		1	1
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.	1									
										
					1		1		2	
										
									1	
										
										
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	14 83 3 6 18 2 12		26 89 2 . 19 40		18 69		18 21		8 20 1 5 7	
131. Boils.............................										
										
132. Whitlow................................					12 13 2 21		7 7 1 14			
										
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
			17						21	
										
137. Drowning....................................				1	9	1				
138. Sprains.........................................	10 ........ •		14 3				6		5	
										
									1	
										
	5 10 3 1 5 2	1	4 12 1 1 1		2 8 1 o		2 5 1			1
									9	
										
									1	
										
147. Other Accidents and Injuries ...										1
148. Order II.—Homicide...										
149. Order III.—Suicide										
150. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence .				5						
										___
			3,466	12	4,310	14	4,997	105	2,930	30
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30,  1865
507
TABLE LXXIX.—DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA—Coucluded.
1804. December.			1805.													
			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
6,831.			7,521.		32,133.		34,	760.	41,207.		39,154.		32, 587.		19, C45.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases 1 Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,691	17	1,362	5	6,195	27	6,341	8	7,332	57	8,988	67	6,516	134	54,958	472
102 103							1		1		o				6	
	18		23		74		57		64		54		42		381	
104 105 106 107 108	9		8		10		5		11		23				74	1
									5 2	1	6	2	2	1	13 2	4
																
	3				6		21		14		6		6		69	
	6		2 ........		15		15		8		12		9		73	
109	22		17 ........		81		131		106		65		91		654	
110	11		23		63		67		98		84		51		462	
111	1		3		3		1		6		1				26	
112 113					5		4		9		6 2 8		13 3 1		38 5 17	1
																
					3		4									
115 116																
			2				1		2				2			
117	1				5		15		10		5		6		56	
118 119					1 3		2 6		3 4		5 9		2 2		13 38	
	2		1													
120 121							1		1 1		4 2				6 9	1
			1										2			
122 123 124 125 126 127 128							1		3		2 2		1		8 3 14 3 7 3 14	
					1 1											
	1						1		3 2 1 1				4			
											1					
			2										3			
					1 1		1									
											13					
129	6		23		50		80		86		51		66		446	
130	42		57		82		143		205		161		154		1,126	
131			10						8				6 9		53 137	
132	8		7		15		14		22		13					
133	69		21		48		71		101		59		47	1	501	1
134	3		5		8		16		15		21		10		83	
135 136 137 138	29		21 .		40 1		47 1	1 2	55		35 2		30		342 4	1 8
																
												2	51	2		
	20		19		34		50		69		68				355	
139	1		1		1		1		7		8		5		27	
140	1		4		3		5		2		4		4		24	
141 Il42	1 9						1 307								2 557	28
		1	4		104	7		7	56	6	56	2	8	3		
f 143	6		10		24		22		23		28		17		174	
144	6		2		3		6		8		8		8		47	
145	2		2		3		7	1			7		7		33	1
145	1		1		3		1		3		6		9		30	
147	29	1	6		20		21	1	8	2	8	1	2	1	96	7
148 149 150																
														1		1 6
												1				
	1,998	19														
			1,637	5	6,915	34	7,479	20	8,355	66	9,839	75	7,189	143	60,996	532
 
508               SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
           TABLE LXXX.
Abstract of the Sickness  and Mortality
Year..............................................					1«	i.1				
	' *""									
	July.		August.		September.		October.		------—	
									November.	
	9,859.		7,619.		6,643.		6,574.		7,539. Casei. Ueathf.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	29 1 152 64 240 116 443 19 1 502 49 115 8 6	3 5 17 5 1 1 2 2	21 1 186 14 111 320 87 19 13 289 31 44 10 11	3	10	5	12	3	5	5
										
				7 4 4 3 1 1 1 1	30	1	114		16	
										
					130 253 216 22 3 329 57 84 3 3	2 1 3 1 1	57 335 256 23 6 419 51 186 1 3	1 2 5 1	61 252 272 22 8 296 46 105 2 1	2 7 2
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
	5	"•					8			
										
18. Diphtheria..........................................	1 1 18 2 17 18 10				3	1	5 1 19 22 9 2 5 2	1	2	
										
20. Epidemic Catarrh.........................			4 18 4 4 2		14 22 7 8 2 1 1				22 33 11 18 1 1 1 2	
21. Other Diseases of this Order..................										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis......................................										
										
24. Orchitis....................................										
25. Stricture of the Urethra..........................										
26. Purulent Ophthalmia...........■...............			1							
27. Serpent Bite...................................										
28. Other Diseases of this Order......................					1 2		1			
ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy...................................	5		9						1	
										
					4					
										
										
34. Other Diseases of this Order...................	3									
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...................................										
	49 30 32 1		32 10 13		22 10 15	1	35 17 22		44 7 2	
										
										
39. Cancer...................................										
40. Tumors...................................										
41. Other Diseases of this Order......................	1 1 4									
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 42. Consumption......................			2 2	1	1	2			2 1	2
43. Scrofula.........................										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch..............	5		1		1		1		8	
46. Tape-worm.......										
47. Other Intestinal Worms___			1							
										
Carried forward...										18
	1,948	36	1,260	26	1,254	18	1,612	13	1,242	
------—--										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1805.
509
       TABLE LXXX.



of the Department of the South.
	1864.		1805.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
6,715.			11,151.		H,	502.	10,033.		14, 267.		10, 641.		18, 906.		10,121.	
1 o 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 lfi 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47	Cases. 3	Deaths. 1	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			17 1 10	2 2 2	4		14	1	1	1	2	4	13	4	131 3 541 78 1,231 2,307 2,577 .222 51 5,337 620 1,098 60 73 52 227	32 2 19 21 37 1 10 6 71 19 6 1 10 6
	17	2			1		1		5		3		6	2		
	48 144 79 7 1 221 52 83 15 4	2 1 12 4 1	88 140 144 6	4	85 102 163 4 2 271 42 66 5 7 12 1	2	35 127 176 15	2	39 91 158 18 11 717 37 96	1 5 1	107 179 198 6 3 560 81 91 7 9 11' 23	1 1 2 3 2 3 2	230 248 385 61 3 1,134 54 104 6 10 5 8	12 1 6 5 1		
			316 53 68 3 2 1 2	1 14 1 1 2		2 4	283 67 56	10								
						1	6 4 23	3 2	11 19 157	2						
																
																
	2		7 5 39 14 9 13 3				3 7 17 15 14 41 5		3 37 85 32 17 53 10 3		5 8 33 39 22 54 6 5		1 8 17 40 51 60 14 1	1	32 76 338 264 169 289 66 13 9 3 3 105	2 3 1
					9 29 14 6 14 5											
	41 13 2 4 3	3														
			3		3											
						.							1 1 34			
																
	21		1		7		4		4		17					
	1	1	1								1	1			7 3 1 6	2
													3			
											1 3					
																
																
	48 32 1		89 40	1	74 38 1	1	83 28 1		88 19		64 27	1	98 28 5		726 286 92 1 11 4 22 22	2 1 1 9
																
			1						3 2 2 3		6		1			
					1 3											
	3	2	2 3				3 2			1	2		1 7	1		
																
																
	2		10		14 2 1		14		13		12		8 1 2		89 3 4 .	
																
48																
																
	847	29	1,091	30	986	10	1,044	18	1,734	11	1,585	20	2,649	33	17,252	262
 
510
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH—Continued.
					IHttd.					---
										
	July.		August.		September. 1 October.					
									NOVBMBM. 1 7,539. 1 Cases. : Deaths.	
	9, 859.		7,619.		6,643.		6,574.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. , Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.		
	1,948	36	1,260 1 2 19 2	26 1	1,254 i«		1,612	13	1,242 1 1 30 2	18 1
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	1 63 3	1			3 28					
							44 2			
										
										
										
							1 ' 2 10	1		
					I 20 1 2				6 6	
	21		13							
										
	35	4	1 1			1				
										
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	28		25		16		17		15 1 2	
										
	8		6		16		3			
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.			1				4 1 2 2		4	
	1 4 2									
			2 2		5 5					
									3	
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	3	1					3		1	
			2		1	1				
									1	
	1		1							
										
	1 3 2 1 3 67 2									
			1 3 2 2 35 3		1 1 1		1		1	
										
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.							1 53 1		6 70	
					27 2					
										
										
	1 4 5 2 2 7 38 99 20		2							
							9 20 8	1	4 22 15 1	
			2 3 1 1 15 . 20 2		19 7 3 2 17 18					
										
										
							1 23 33 4			
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic..............................................									31 19 1	
										
										
										
					2 13		3 11			
	33		15						7	
										
										
										
	6		7 2		6		1		2	
101. Hemorrhage from Stomach......										
Carried forward.......	2,414	42	1,454	27	1,471	20	1,672	15	1,494	19
-										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE  30, 1805.
511
TABLE LXXX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH—Continued.
I 18(54			. 1	1805.													
! DECEMBER.				January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
	6,715. 1			11,151.		11,502.		10,033.		14,267.		10, 641.		18,906.		10,121.	
	49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 01 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 66 67 88 83 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	Cases. ! Deaths.		Cases. 1,091	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. '.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
		847	29		30	986	10	1,044 1 2 31 1	18	1,734	11	1,585 1 3 81 7	20 1 1	2,649	33	17,252 4 27 631 20	262 3 1 1
		1 28		4 36		4 47				3 52				3 172 3			
																	
								1								1 3 11 220 3 60 2 3 1 295 4 72	1 5 2
				2													
										2 21							
		10	1	24		21		17 1				27		30 1 4			
												18					
						1					2						
					1			2						1			
												1 35					
		10		17		18 1 3		27		38				49 2 8			
		2		1				5		8		10					
				2 1 1		3		4 1		7		8 1 1		5		38 0 29 16 1 23 3 o 6 1 1 25 15 4 68 1,032 63	2 1 2 1
		1 5															
						3				2				4 2 1 4			
																	
																	
		1		5	1	1		2				3					
																	
												1					
		1								2				1 1			
																	
																	
		2		1 1		1		5 4		5		1 2		3 2			
																	
		3 49 5		7 290 8	1	7 169 12		11 67 8	1	10 46 10		11 77 3		7 82 9	1		
						1 9 8 10 2 1 20 47 2										4 95 141 91 14 12 392 683 70	4 1 1
				17 16 5 1	1					25 7 8	1	17 10 8		10 13 17 4			
		10 2	1					9 6									
																	
		17 15 1		29 38 3				34 47 2		35 68 4		64 139 11		69 140 20	1 1		
		1 1				1 3		1 11		1 11	1	2 8		2 19		13 141	1
				9													
																	
				1 4 2				1 7		2 3						4 64 6	
		4				5						9 1		10 1			
																	
	L	1,016	30	1,616	33	1,386	10	1,352	19	2,104	15	2,145	22	3,348	36	21,672	288
 
512
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH—Concluded.
			1S04							
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		Nove	
										-BBR.
	9,859.		7,619.		6,643.		6,574.		7,3	
										39.
LIST OF-DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. | Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths. 19
	3,414	42	1,454	27	1,471	20	1,872 1 12	15 1	1,494 1 15 1	
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	6		6 3		10 • 2 1					
										
	1					........	o			
										
	5		9 1 49 10	1	6		2 2 12 14		2	
										
	61 18 2				13 15	1			40 9	
110 Piles .....................................-•.......										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.			4							
										
	1									
										
	1 5 1 1 1		1 2						1	
					2 1		1 2 3			
									1 2	.......
			2 1 2 1							
										
										
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
	6		3		2					
							1			
	1 2		2		3					
										
									1 10 51 8 5 17 1 16	........1 ........
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System	41 136 8 21 42 12 19		37 48 1 11 30		27 57 4 11 24 4 6 1		17 49 G 4 21			
130. Boils...............................................										
										
132. Whitlow............................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order 1.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
			17				13			
										
										
	10 1		4		7 o		16		10	i
										i
		1	1 2 8 4 1 3				2		1 1 275 9	1
										
	50 4 4 5	8 1		3	5	3	7 5	1		1
										1
									1	
										
							1			
					3	1	I			
										
149. Order III.—Suicide......................		2						1		
										
Total.......................										19
	2,879	54	1,717	31	1,679	25	2,063	18	1,972	
										
 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1865.
513
TABLE LXXX.—DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH—Concluded.
1804.			18(15.													
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	6,715.		11,151.		11,502.		10,033.		14,267.		10, 641.		18, 906.		10,121.	
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126	Cases. ! Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. | Deaths.		Cases."	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,016 3	30	1,616	33	1,386	10	1,352	19	2,104	15	2,145	22	3,348	36	21,672 4 204 37 9 1 61 6 379 251 7 21 8 4	288 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2
			27 1	1	38 2		31 17		26 6 1		11 5		19			
	4 1 4 49 8 1 1	1 1 1														
																
			1 1 26 13		3		9 1 14 22 3 4	1	6		2		12 1 64 47			
					21 30	1			9 27 2 6 4		21 38					
			4								2 1					
													3			
	1	2					2									
																
													3 8 2 3 1		6 56 10 18 7 3 4	
	1		2 1		2 1 2		14		10		9					
									4		1 2					
							2 1		...							
																
	1		1										1			
																
			1		3				1		8		4		28 1 11 4 1 269 715 56 119 265 46 209 1	6 1 1 1 32 1 3
																
			1				2		2							
127													2			
128																
129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136	10 24 1 3 3 2 8	.......«	12 34 9 19 20 7 ' 23		20 32 1 6 21 6 14		12 41 1 10 22 3 15		17 41		17 77 12 12 20 2 30		49 125 5 11 31 6 33			
									6 14 3 15							
137										1	25	2	39 4 1	3 1		
138 139	12		16 2 1	1	30 1 3 1 46 8 5 1	1	20 1 1 1 4 9 1 2		30 1 3 1 27 13 1 2						219 12 15 10 685 103 24 21 8 21	
140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148	1 3 257 o 1 1									3	1 1					
		13	2 11 2 1										4 29 5 4 7 2	1		
											9 3 2 1	1				
	3		7				6									
																
149		1														4
150																
1	1,423	49														
			1,861	35	1,683	12	1,622	20	2,382	19	2,457	25	3,873	41	25,611	348
65 
514
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
       TABLE LXXXI.
Abstract of the Mortality in the
					1 ftR4._					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			'---
									NOVEMBBB.	
	54,254.		58,225.		52,316.		52,554.		■	
									48,848.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 97 0 18 15 15
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.		285 12 29	«	366 3 29		171 1 11 62 23 1 1		165 2 20 126 15 4 4		
										
										
										
		21		27 1 3						
										
		2								
										
		4 9 268 10 18 5 3 1		8 35 421 27 26 4 3		7		14 25 475 11 41 3 5		2 11 303 5 . 8 3 4
						22 ........ 428 1........ 14 ........ 34 '........ 6 ........				
										
										
										
										
										
						1				
										
18. Diphtheria.........................................		15 1		10 1		6		8		10
										
										
		30 1		24 1		11		36		10 2
Order II.—Enthetie Diseases.										
						|				
24. Orchitis..................................										
										
										
										
										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy..............................................		2 1		2 1 1		3		■ .		
										
								1	........	
						1				
								1		1
						1				
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
				2		1 3 2		2 1 2 1		1
		1 4								
				2						
									i	
				1					1	
		1 48				1 38			1	
.Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.				51				56		27
										
									'■	
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES.										|
										
										
										
Carried forward.......				1,049		1			~ 534	
		771				848		1,018		
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1865.
515
           TABLE LXXXI.
General Hospitals of the Atlantic Region.
—■	1804. || 18«5.															
December. | January. | February.							March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
44,225. j 38,237.					38,176.		36,155.		43,948.		40,773.		19,190.		43,908.	
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths, j Cases.		Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 119 8 3	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
		81 1 16		57		66 1 6				146 2 9		158 17 12		102 1 10		1,813 50 171 203 164 9 11
																
				8												
																
		6 1		7		12 1		14		12		6		6 1		
																
				1												
																
		4 4 556 8 11 4 10 2 3 6		4 7 237 2 10 4 14 5		6 5 192 3 9 11 20 12 1 4		2 11 379 3 20 7 25 23		1 4 253 3 6 17 17 36	........ 6 ........ 10 ........ 216			3 13 219 17 6 4 11 5		61 156 3,947 107 191 93 133 96 4 84 2
																
																
												4 2 25 21 12				
																
14 15' _____																
																
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 3fi 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 __																
																
				4				6		7		6		2		
																
																
		76 I		26		13 1		34 2		17 1		21'		7 1		305 10
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
		21 1 1		9		5		11		7		2 1 1		1		63 4 12 3 3 6
																
								1		3				4		
				1		1										
												1				
								4						1		
																
		2				1 1				2		1 1 4		1		13 8 20 5 1 7 558 5 4
				1 1												
								2 1		2 2				1 1		
																
																
		2 48 2		1 45						2 57 1						
						42 1		43				56 1 1		47		
																
				2										1		
																
																
																
																
	____															
		867		446		414		718		607		585		465		8,322
																
 
51G
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXI—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
					1,S(5jL						
	...									MBBR.	
	July.		August.		September.						
									JNOVB		
	54,254.		58,225.		52,316.		52,554.				
									«,848.		
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 534 4	
		771 2 1		1,049 3 2		848 5 2		1,018 4 2			
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diseases of Nervous System.											
											
											
											
		11 3 3		9 3 1		4		3 2 2		3 3	
											
											
											
											
				1 8 7		4 4 1		2 1 2			
		6 3									
										3	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.											
											
											
											
											
											
ORDER III.—Diseases of Ear.											
											
											
											
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.		1 2				1 2				1 3 2	
				6				7			
											
						1 1					
		2						1			
				1							
						1					
											
											
		3 1 1 4		5		2					
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.											
				3 2 1				2 1 1			
						1				2 1 1 1 48 2 1 0	
											
						1 1 29 3 2 2 1					
				1 46 4 1				1 35 6 3			
		58 2									
											
											
		9 1									
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............................................											
				1 1				1 ....			
		2				1				1	
											
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease.......................		2		1		3		4 1		5	
											
											
											
											
100. Hernia................		i						o			
101. Hemorrhage from S tomach.....						1				1 621	
Carried forward.....											
		888		1,159		921		1,102			
1											
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1805.                    517
TABLE LXXXI.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
	1804.		1805. 1													
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	44,225.		38,237.		38,176.		36,155.		43,948.		40,773.		19,190.		43, 908.	
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 67 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 60 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	Cases.	Deaths. 867	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death?.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
				446 4 1		414		718 1 1		607 5		585 4 1		465		8,322 32 13
																
		2				1										
																
								1 6 6 3				1 6 1 2				2 66 34 30 1
		2		2 4 1		7 4 4				11 5 8 1				2 4 6		
																
																
																
																
								1		2						10 20 36
												1 4				
		2		3		5		2		1				3		
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
		1 2 1 1 1								1 9 2 1		1 4 5 1 3				6 45 12 6 10 4 1
						3 1		2 1 1 1						5		
																
														1		
				1 1												
										1				1		
																
																
																
				2 1 3 10		1		2 1 4 3		1		1				17 3 40 40 6 2 14 860 44 13 50 3 1 7 3 45 3
																
		6 5 1				9 2				6 3 1		5 6		1 1 1		
																
																
																
						3 153 7		1 172 3 1 4 1		1 113 5 4 6		4 71 4		1 38 5 1 1		
		45 1		52 2												
																
																
		5		3		7						2				
																
																
												1		1		
		1 6				1 2		1 6 1								
				4						6		3 1		3		
																
																
																
																
				1												3 3
												1				
																
		949		541		624		944		800		718		540		9,807
																
 
518
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXI.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION-Concluded.
_					18<	4.			--	
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		Novem-M.	
										
	54,254.		58,225.		52,316.		52,554.			
									48,848.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases, j	Deaths.	Cases.	DenUu.
		888 1		1,159 1		921 1 1 6 8 6 2		1,102 2		621
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
										2 1 7 2 1
		1 7 7 2		4 12 3 2 2 6				1 12 5		
										
										
										
										
		2				4		3		1
										
				2		3				2
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
				1				1 2		
						1				5 •
										
										
		2		1		1		2		
										
										
										
										
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
										
										
										
										
						1				
										1 6
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.		4		4		3		3		
										
										
										
				2				1		1
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns...............................................		3 2 1 3								
				2		3		2 1		
										1 1
										
										
										
										
		1 1,327		1 703				1 360		1 298
142. Gunshot Wounds....................................						392				
										
	i									1
		1				1				
				1 4				1 4 o		
147. Other Accidents and Injuries........................		9				3				3
148. ORDER II.—Homicide................										
149. Order III.—Suicide....................		3								1
										
										956
		2,264		1,910		1,357		1,505		
..										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.                     519
TABLE LXXXI.—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION—Concluded.
	1804.		18(55.													
	December.		January.		February. 1 March.				April.		May.		June. Total.			
	44,225.		38,237.		38,176.		36,155.		43,948.		40,773.		19,190. || 43,908.			
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117	Cases.	Deaths. 949	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths | Cases.. Deaths.		
				541		624		944		800		718		540 1		9,807 6 5 28 86 45 13 4 23
																
						1 1 6 3 1						1 3 3 1 1				
		2 2 2		2 7 3				1 9 5 3 1		1 2 6 1				5 11 2		
																
																
																
				1 2												
						2				3						
																
		1				2		2				1		3		16
																
																2 16
		2		1		1				2				2		
																
																
				2		1		1		1 1		1		2		14 1
																
11U																
120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140																
								1		2		1				4
																
		1														1
																
																
																
																1 2 34
		1 1														
				1		5		1		2		3		1		
																
																
																
				1 2 3 1												5 6 17 4 11
		1 1														
						2		1		1						
																
										4		3				
																
														1		1 6 16 4,184 5 5 2 4 52 5 9 1
		2 1 140 3				1		1 1 95		1 1 467 1 4		1 2 192				
141 i........ 142........ 143.......				2 72										5 49 1		
						89										
																
144																
145																
146														2 2		
147 148 149 150		2		5 2 2		4		8		4		4 1 1				
																
						1 1								1		
																
		1,111														
				650		745		1,074		1,304		937		628		14,441
																
 
520
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
                TABLE  LXXXII.

Abstract of  the Sickness and Mortality
Year...........................................
Month..........................................
Mean Strength, (not including Table LXXXI).
1804.
July.
222, 939.
August.
198,790.
September.
209,635.
October.
Novembeb.
231,968.
227,979.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.  Deaths.
   CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
       Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever............................
Typhus Fever.............................
Typho-Malarial Fever......................
Yellow Fever..............................
Remittent Fever...........................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever...............
Tertian Intermittent Fever.................
Quartan Intermittent Fever.................
Congestive Intermittent Fever..............
Acute Diarrhoea............................
Chronic Diarrhoea...........................
Acute Dysentery...........................
Chronic Dysentery..........................
Erysipelas.................................
Small-pox and Varioloid....................
Measles....................................
Scarlet Fever..............................
Diphtheria.................................
Mumps.....................................
Epidemic Catarrh...........................
Other Diseases of this Order................
        ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases.
Syphilis....................................
Gonorrhoea................................
Orchitis....................................
Stricture of the Urethra....................
Purulent Ophthalmia.......................
Serpent Bite...............................
Other Diseases of this Order................
         ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy....................................
Purpura...................................
Delirium Tremens.........................
Inebriation................................
Chronic Alcoholism.........................
Other Diseases of this Order................
 CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
           ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout............................................
36. Acute Rheumatism...............................
37. Chronic Rheumatism..............................
38. Anaemia...........................................
39. Cancer...........................................
40. Tumors..........................................
41. Other Diseases of this Order......................
          Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption.....................................
43. Scrofula.........................................
44. Other Diseases of this Order......................
     CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch...........................................
46. Tape-worm....................................
47. Other Intestinal Worms........................
48. Other Diseases of this Order...................
Carried forward.
   633
   14
 1,695
   64
 3,872
 3,873
 3,082
   227
   82
20,831
 2,383
 2,687
   224
   164
   35
   161
   80
  148
  230
1,731

  745
  676
  108
   27
   22
    4
    7

  160
    1
   17
   41
   14
Cases.  Deaths
896
788
327
  1
 16
  6

 76
 52
  1


242
  7
 28
46,486
481
 13
134
 17
 75
 10
 29
326
 42
 24
  8
 11
 10
44
   542
   28
 1,320
   14
 3,466
 4,962
 2,973
   171
   105
17,060
 2,262
 2,277
   173
   169
   35
   34
1,319
   31
   46
  279
1,469
632
112
 23
 15
  3
  6

187
 13
 20
 47
  3
  1
874
732
280
  1
 13
 20

 73
 53
  1


174
  6
 31
Cases.  Deaths.
41,424
505
  5
102
  4
 82
  5
  4
 19
 62
478
 60
 34
  5
 10
  4
  1
 11
  1
34
1,503
   338
   11
 1,016
   174
 3,357
 6,185
 4,098
   682
   124
12,916
 1,710
 1,897
   182
   102
   10
   33
     1
   47
   38
   257
 1,449

   718
   831
   102
   22
   13
     1
   14

   188
     8
   24
   40
  7
905
734
159
  3
 14
  1

 69
 43
  4


215
  4
 20
  3
38,778
244
  3
 60
 70
 45
  1
  2
 22
 31
523
 40
 45
 10
  1
Cases.  Deaths.
  442
    1
  936
  493
 3,169
 6,901
 4,464
  403
   63
11,146
 1,452
 1,811
  153
  121
   25
   61
   64
  103
  542
1,066

  784
  837
  134
   26
   28
    1
   11

  107
   11
   14
   28
    6
    3
   3
1,112
  880
  114
12
1,189
319
  3
 11
279
  3
 66
200
 43
  4
  5
  1
 29
 35
577
 28
 53
  4
  7
Cases. Deaths.
37,960
1,467 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1865.
521
   TABLE LXXXII.



of the Atlantic  Region.
	1804		1805.													
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
235,621.			243, 616.		263,062.		272,259.		298,320.		302,010.		217, 772.		243, 664.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	349	192	391	184	420	151	311	206	£85	217	385	246	344	175	4,857	3,108
2	6	3	7	5	8	3	7	11	11	8	5	19	5	1	127	80
3	377	39	353	42	348	26	404	13	405	18	502	27	347	67	8,376	655
4 5															783 29,082	309 446
	1,587	24	1,653	24	1,517	25	1,865	23	1,990	18	2,306	16	2,151	37		
6	3,152	5	2,527	1	2,387	1	2,923		3,078	3	4,215	1	3,173	3	48,037	26
7	2,455	1	1,859	2	1,820		2,110		2,640		3,099	2	2,676	3	35,179	24
8	178		115		130		262		193	1	184		234		3,078	3
9	21	11	22	18	36	14	52	10	52	9	38	13	21	10	661	175
10	7,151	10	6,760	11	5,242	15	5,864	12	9,143	6	13,527	27	11,372	48	129, 393	306
11	1,341	636	1,066	355	858	247	897	429	843	300	1,485	261	1,216	2S6	16,864	4,799
12	948	17	800	6	682	8	912	4	1,207	6	2,126	13	1,733	33	18, 436	272
13	112	18	110	18	63	13	58	20	66	8	119	2	110	8	1,547	257
14	170	7	154	4	185	16	203	11	220	23	237	31	159	6	2,045	133
15	27	11	28	23	94	29	91	35	81	33	47	33	20	14	527	212
16	97	2	170	8	227	21	530	36	834	47	424	25	74	5	2,718	159
17	4	3	2	1	3	2	6	1	5		2		1		26	9
18	79	8	114	6	102	9	81	10	51	10	61	8	36	3	849	124
19	139		214		387		533		707	1	434		94		3,017	4
20	1,248		1,739		1,399		1,043		769		701		299		9,245	
21	1,434	82	677	29	764	20	778	44	913	38	1,222	24	879	11	13,531	410
22	815	1	695	1	678	1	863	2	986	1	1,009		685	2	9,457	12
23	743		661		664		893		1,009		1,115		780		9,620	
24	119		94		107		133		148		161		135		1,477	
25	16		19		25		24		30		18		19		271	
26	23		15		14		12		11		27		23		224	
27 28							1 13		1 8		1 9		4 3		18 89	1
	2		5	1	3											
29	122	21	101	9	121	5	118	13	136	7	271	3	261	1	1,838	66
30	2	1	4	2	6		9		4		11	1	6		78	6
31	15	4	17		25	2	29	3	14	3	16	2	23	4	238	28
32	39	1	20	2	29	1	31	2	64		23		36		412	8
33	10		2		2		11		10		11	2	2		85	5
34	1				4		1	4	1		13			1	47	7
35	1		3		2		4		2		10	1	2		38	1
36	1,675	2	1,522	2	1,479	3	1,555	2	1,480	5	1,701	3	900	5	15,567	32
37	1,124		971	1	890	2	1,017		732		877	1	573		10,352	10
38	72		64	2	72		82	2	90	2	105	5	58	1	1,490	29
39 40	5 17				2 26		1 30	1	19	2	5 55		2 23	1	21 279	5 1
			27													
41	9	3	13	1	13		2		6	2	1	1	1		84	11
42	79	56	98	62	85	58	85	52	51	67	68	64	57	53	853	666
43	54	2	49		47	1	57		40	1	65	2	52		601	7
44 45	1 428			2	2 470				1 552			1	2 339	1	14 4,683	4
			509				488				582					
46	2	1	8		9		6		5		8		13		87	1
47	8		13		6		6		13		13		7		162	1
4$	2						1								6	
																
	26,259	1,161	23,671	822	21,453	673	24,402	946	28,906	836	37,894	834	28, 950	779	387,069	12,412
66 
522
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXIL—ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
Year..........................................
Month..........................................
Mean Strength, (not including Table LXXXI).
LIST OF DISEASES.
 78.
 79.
 60.


 81.
 82.
 63.
 84.
 85.
 86.
 87.
 88.
 89.
 90.

 91.
 92.
 93.
 94.
 95.
 96.
 97.
 98.
 99.
100.
101.
           Brought forward...............

    CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES.

    Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
Apoplexy..................................
Epilepsy...................................
Headache..................................
Insanity...................................
Inflammation of Brain......................
Inflammation of Membranes of Brain........
Inflammation of Spinal Cord................
Nostalgia..................................
Neuralgia..................................
Paralysis..................................
Sun-stroke.................................
Other Diseases of this Order................
         Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
Amaurosis.................................
Cataract...................................
Inflammation of Conjunctiva................
Inflammation of Iris........................
Night Blindness............................
Other Diseases of this Order................
        Order III.—Diseases of Ear.
Inflammation of Internal Ear................
Deafness...................................
Otorrhoea..................................
Other Diseases of this Order................
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
Aneurism......................................
Valvular Disease of Heart......................
Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
Inflammation of Pericardium....................
Inflammation of Endocardium..................
Inflammation of Veins..........................
Varicose Veins.................................
Varicocele.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
  Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
Asthma.......................................
Acute Bronchitis..............................
Chronic Bronchitis............................
Dropsy of Chest..............................
Haemorrhage from Nose.......................
Inflammation of Larynx.......................
Inflammation of Lungs........................
Inflammation of Pleura.......................
Haemorrhage from Lungs.....................
Other Diseases of this Order..................
   Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Colic........................................
Constipation.................................
Cholera Morbus..............................
Cirrhosis of Liver.............................
Dropsy from Hepatic Disease..............
Dyspepsia...................................
Diseases of Pancreas.........................
Diseases of Spleen...........................
Fistula in Ano................................
Hernia.......................................
Haemorrhage from Stomach...................
Carried forward.
lH(i I.
July.
222,939.
Cases.
46,486
    4
   76
1,162
   11
    3
    2
    3
   47
  481
   14
  516
   14

   10
   10
  370
   12
  235
    3

   40
   28
   58
   11


    5
   49
    8
    1
    7
    3
    1
  118
   97
   19


   82
  731
  105
    2
   28
   67
  124
  187
   55
  109
  7
 1G
242
 10
55,142
1,319
198, 790.
Cases.
41, 424
  7
 80
886
 14
  9
 34
387
 19
585
 24

  9
  3
304
 20
167
  6

 37
 26
 59
  4

  1
 40
  7
  1
  7
  1
138
 85
 14


 75
577
130
  1
 38
 55
138
140
 29
1,140
1,437
  395
    6
   33
  418
  1
 18
227
  9
1,503
September.
209, 635.
Cases.  Deaths.
  7
105
503
 21
  4
  1
 15
309
 32
 33
 16

  2
 10
285
 18
141
  7

 33
 23
 69
  7
  58
   9
   4
   1
   2
   3
  119
  61
   3


  94
  670
  161
   2
  15
  70
  95
  165
  27
  48

  712
1,003
  166
   3
  80
  365
  4
 14
218
  4
1,189
October.

 231,968.
37,960
  6
128
588
 22
  2
  4
  5
 21
320
 26
  6
  2
334
  5
 60
  2

 23
 21
 70
49,377
1, 078  44, 597   1,303
   2
   83
   71
   2


   96
1,058
  222
   3
   13
   71
  233
  189
   31
  121

  689
1,160
  152
   10
   44
  346
    2
   12
   16
  253
    3
44,600
1,467
November.

  227,979.
30,886
  9
134
604
 12
  6
  3
  4
 49
406
 19
  9
  5
323
 12
 32
  34
  31
  75
   4

   4
  63
  11
   4
   3
   2
   6
  70
  41
   3

  120
1,685
  280
  11
  101
  383
  263
  40
  221

  563
1,058
  82
   2
  55
  263
  5
 27
235
  6
1,599 |  38,284   1,030 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1805.
523
TABLE LXXXIL—ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
	18<>-	L							18(	>5.						
	Dbcember.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
235,621.			243,616.		263, 062.		272, 259.		298, 320.		302, 010.		217,772.		243, 664.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	26,259	1,161	23, 671	822	21,453	673	24,402	946	28, 906	836	37,894	834	28,950	779	387,069	12,412
49	5	8	5	8	7	6	8	9	5	9	4	9	2	2	69	95
50	133	5	140	4	126	4	146	5	78	1	87	2	78	1	1,317	44
51	679		665		583		728		705		961		918		8,982	
52	8		12		17		14	1	18		28	1	12		189	5
53	3	6	10	6	8	!2	6	12	7	15	5	12	3	4	66	111
54	10	7	6	11	4	7	10	18	6	12	3	3	1	6	52	79
55	2		10	1	6	4	10	16	2	9	3	4	2	6	49	50
56	48	1	34		33	2	16		11	1	33	1	35	2	376	9
57	495		504		567		518		522		526		378		5,413	
58	18		9		19	1	14	1	26	3	20	1	15		231	18
							4		19	1	151	2	101		1,414 170	60 68
60	9	2	10	4	10	12	12	7	17	7	18	4	19	5		
61	5		9		11		9		9		9		11		99	
62	7		7		4		5		3		5		4		65	
63	397		349		408		456		440		517		376		4,559	
64	14		8		9		16		17		18		13		162	
65	29		17		27		39		60		73		67		947	
66	.6		9		12		15		3		9		9		89	
67	31		28		52		46		40		46		48		458	
68	25		24		33		33		11		27		11		293	
69	75		82		100		73		79		71		67		878	
70 71					1 1		4 1				2 1	1	3 2	1	38 25	11
	2	2	1						2	2						
72	50	5	56	5	56	12	69	7	37	13	52	9	37	9	639	108
73	6	1	10		8	2	7	1	5	3	9	5	6		102	18
74	7	2	1	1	1		4	2	5	1	4	2	1	1	35	10
75	16	2	6	2	7	3	6	2	9	1	9	3	6		81	18
76	3		4	2	1		6			1			5	2	26	6
77	5		3		0		2		4		4				33	1
78	98		67		46		75		51		80		63		1,008	
79	48		33		29		35		22		48		51		621	
80	5	1	11	3	32	2	19	2	1	2	17	2	7		133	26
81	112		87	1	84		107	1	52		78		58		1,045	5
82	2,118	7	3,027	6	3,306	10	2,309	9	1,363	9	1,235	6	665	1	18, 744	55
83	303	10	357	11	429	2	272	3	226	4	225	7	141	2	2,858	52
84	2	2	16	1	2		7	1	2	1	1		4	1	42	10
85	10		58		12	1	19		31		15		12		262	3
86	154		312		277	5	254	2	157	2	130	4	61	1	1,709	18
87	369	88	558	130	706	242	485	246	346	155	242	90	157	53	3,836	1,299
88	316	10	350	7	413	9	334	6	292	6	290	4	184	6	3,123	71
89	40	1	37	2	43		37	4	42	4	41	4	29	2	451	27
90	325	5	557	8	1,336	8	501	6	345	6	197	3	109	2	3,967	63
91	544	1	495		415		476	1	616	1	739	1	796	1	8,282	15
92	1,242		1,258		1,054		1,354		1,418		1,758		1,414		15,579	1
93	67	1	65	1	33		70		71		200	3	350	7	2,133	25
94	4 1	1	1		1	1	1	1			2		2		31	5
95	62	6	47	5	50	3	41	7	30	8	39	3	32	4	546	52
96	307		306		290		333	1	247		373	2	293		3,976	4
97 98					4 3						2 2				8 56	
	5		1				3		8				5			
99	24		27		16		37		14		26		lfi		251	
100	223		193	1	165		215		164	1	200		145		2,480	4
101	2		4		3		8		4	1	3	1	9		65	4
	34,724	1,335														
			33,557	1,042	32,315	1,021	33,671	1,317	36,550	1,115	46,532	1,023	35,783	901	485,132	14,862 --
 
524
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE LXXXIL—ATLANTIC REGION—Concluded.
Year...........................................
Month..........................................
Mean Strength, (not including Table LXXXI).
LIST OF DISEASES.
               Brought forward......................

 Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.

102. Haemorrhage from Bowels.........................
103. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
104. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
105. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
106. Inflammation of Peritonaeum.......................
107. Acute Inflammation of Liver......................
108. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
109. Jaundice.........................................
110. Piles.............................................
111. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
 Order VII.—Diseases of  Urinary and Genital Organs.

112. Stone and Gravel...................................
113. Diabetes...........................................
114. Bright's Disease....................................
115. Diseases of Prostate................................
116. Diseases of Testis..................................
117. Inflammation of Kidueys...........................
118. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
119. Incontinence of Urine..............................
120. H ydrocele.........................................
121. Other Diseases of this Order........................
Order V11I.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis..................
123. Caries......................
124. Inflammation of Joints.......
125. Inflammation of Bones.......
126. Inflammation of Periosteum..
127. Necrosis....................
128. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System,
129. Abscess.......
130. Boils.........
131. Carbuncle___
132. Whitlow......
133. Skin Diseases.
  CLASS V.—WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS, AND
                    INJURIES.

      Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns...........................................
135. Contusions.......................................
136. Concussion of Brain..............................
137. Drowning........................................
138. Sprains..........................................
139. Dislocation......................................
140. Simple Fractures.................................
141. Compound Fractures.............................
142. Gunshot Wounds................................,
143. Incised Wounds..................................
144. Lacerated Wounds...............................
145. Punctured Wounds...............................
146. Poisoning........................................
147. Other Accidents and Injuries......................
148. Order II.—Homicide............................
149.
Order III.—Suicide..............

Order IV.—Execution of Sentence.

            Total................
1SIM.
222,939.
Cases.  Deaths.
 12
296
 72
 30
  2
 43
 46
626
786
 91
  483
1,306
   80
  252
  459
102
513
  391
    6
   41
    8
4,292
  176
   65
   63
   35
   62
65,847
1,498
    1
    4
1,548
    1
    1
    2
August.
198,790.
Cases.  Deaths
49, 377
    6
  247
   62
   64
    5
   91
   28
1,083
  657
   58
  510
1,444
296
541
 90
486
  7
3,137
  386
   13
   46
   28
4,766
  148
  103
   29
   31
   73
61,126
1,678
September.

  209,635.
October.
 231,968.
November.

  227,979.
Cases.  Deaths.  Cases.  Deaths.  Cases.  Deaths.
44,597    1,303
    1
1,016
2,787
  9
264
 56
 33
  5
 48
 29
944
632
 31
  414
1,158
   60
  203
  374
 83
515
  6
  328
   21
   28
   22
6,685
  145
  112
   20
   24
   31
57,204
  1
638
44,600   1,099  38,284   1,030
2,021
 17
466
 40
 22
  3
 62
 64
795
614
 33
  374
1,038
   78
  170
  453
 95
558
  3
  410
   33
   41
   47
6,236
  155
   81
   25
    8
   65
  2
739
 12
497
 63
 28
  3
 64
 46
983
554
 47
  357
1,033
  97
  207
  485
425
 19
 39
 16
918
290
 52
 36
 10
 54
56,886   2,409  45,646 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
525
TABLE LXXXIL—ATLANTIC REGION—Concluded.
1804. December. 235,621.			18(15.													
			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			243,616.		263,062.		272,259.		298, 320.		302, 010.		217,	772.	243, 664.	
"~i	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	34,724	1,335	33,557	1,042	32,315	1,021	33, 671	1,317	36,550	1,115	46,532	1,023	35, 783	901	485,132	14, 862
109	9	1	6		6		6		7		15		1	1	106	14
in;<	680		884		872	1	805		599		498	1	283		6,391	5
104	55	6	36	4	58	1	63	2	46	2	80	9	40	6	671	50
11)5	24	6	36	8	34	12	18	10	26	3	32	9	30	14	377	124
106	12	10	6	3	7	3	4	6	3	6	5	3	1	3	56	63
107	57		33	2	52	3	101	7	59	I	79	1	08	1	757	26
108	48	1	40	1	37		56	1	27		58		53		532	8
109	738	2	639	2	598	3	596		362	3	463	1	420	1	8,247	35
110	492		444		472		465		500		653		442		6,711	
111	96	1	50	1	45	2	31	4	66		55	2	33	3	636	22
112	39		38		26		24		31		32		32		416	
113	6		6		4		2		6		9		8		81	2
114	20	4	30	3	16	1	12	1	10	3	33		17	2	247	24
115 116			3 17		1 9		1 14								14 174	
	14								7		7		20			
117	82	1	68	2	75	2	108	1	67	1	74	1	69	2	933	17
118	31		44		13	1	15		19	1	22	1	15		245	4
119	86		65		59		46		33		45		21		652	
120	11		15		11		12		6		13		10		137	
121	7		9		11	1	4	1	7	2	15	1	9		102	8
122	15		15		5		5		7		16		10		114	
123	6	1	13		7		5		1		16		5		72	1
124	28		26		22		21		22		32		18		304	
125	8		3		1		1		2		4		3		50	
126	22		16		9		13		11		10		8		163	
127	8		10		8		9		4		2		10		95	1
128	4	1	5		5		4		3		17		6		53	2
129	406	2	402	1	402	5	402	1	411	2	426	3	335	1	4,922	35
130	1,105		1,120		865		1,123		1,098		1,317		1,063		13, 670	
131	80		101		60		51		43		83		49		871	
132	202		251		280		244		188		184		108		2,615	
133	498		438	1	478		470		491		544		340	1	5,571	6
134	189	2	160	2	137		154		121		106		49		1,407	7
135	631	3	644	5	589	4	619	1	561	3	654	3	448	1	6,789	33
136	3		8	3	10	1	9	2	9	2	5		4	3	77	22
137 138				1	496	1	673	4	624	10	772	14	453	10		71
	493		531												5,982	
139	23		14		19		26		34		31		25	2	264	2
140	43	2	47	1	39	1	39	1	45	1	55	1	33	2	496	10
141	13	2	11	4	10	1	13	3	22	7	7	5	6	5	203	37
142	912	242	749	109	1,480	187	3,759	278	5,528	833	271	230	104	62	35,700	6,387
143	488	3	469	1	438	1	337		255	1	218		214	1	3,333	9
144	68		70	1	76		92	1	98	5	81		57		955	16
145	18		32		23		35	1	38		43		46		408	5
146	12	1	11		22		15		40	1	95	1	101	2	404	3
147	561	11	409	8	176	11	110	• 20	131	10	184	12	53	6	1,929	129
148		1 3 9		2 3 3		1 4 5						2		1		14
149										1		1		6		35
150								4				1				38
	43,097	1,650	41,581	1,213	40,378	1,273	44,283	1,668	48, 220	2,013	53,893	1,325	40, 903	1,037	599,064	22,133
 
526                  SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
                            CENTRAL  REGION.


    The reports from troops in the Central Region are consolidated into statistical tables
for seven armies or departments,  as follows:

    1. The Northern Department     -     -    -    -     -   Table   LXXXIII.
    2. The Military Division of the Mississippi—Part I     -   Table   LXXXIV.
    3. The Military Division of the Mississippi—Part II    -   Table    LXXXV.
    4. The Department of the Gulf  -----   Table   LXXXVI".
    5. The Department of the Northwest  -                  Table  LXXXVII.
    6. The Department of the Missouri    -                  Table LXXXVIII.
    7. The Department of Arkansas      -    -    -     -   Table   LXXXIX.
          To these are added—
    8. A table showing the mortality in the general hospitals
           of the Central Region     -          -    -     -   Table         XO.
    9. A consolidated table of the Central Region    -     -   Table        XGL

                 1. The Northern Department—Table  LXXXIII.

    As for the previous year, this table embraces all  reports received from troops in the
States of Ohio,  Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin.   The  latter State  is here
included for geographical reasons, though officially forming part of the Department of the
Northwest.   General J. Hooker was assigned to the command of the Northern Department
September 28, 1864.

    2. The  Military Division of the Mississippi, Part I—Table LXXXIV.

    The Military Division of the  Mississippi  was  created by General Orders No. 337,
October  16, 1863, to consist of  the  Departments of the  Ohio, the Cumberland,  and the
Tennessee.   In preparing  the  tables for the fiscal year ending  June 30, 1864, these
departments were separately presented, but a separate table was given for May and June
(Table LXXII) in which were consolidated the reports from all troops directly cooperating
with General Sherman south of  Chattanooga.  For the present year it has been thought
best to consolidate the  reports from the Military  Division of  the Mississippi in two tables,
of which the first embraces the Garrisons and  detachments left behind when the army
under General Sherman moved into Georgia, while the second represents this army. 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1865.
527
    Part I therefore embraces all reports from troops in the Departments of the Ohio, the
Cumberland, and the Tennessee left north of Chattanooga.  It includes those stationed in
the States of Kentucky and Tennessee, in  northern Mississippi and in northern Alabama.
The army of the Ohio, (23d  Corps,) with the  4th  Corps from  the  Department  of the
Cumberland and a portion of the Cavalry Corps which had accompanied General Sherman
on the Atlanta campaign, were detached about the close of October to join General Thomas
at Nashville; they are therefore included  in  this table for November and subsequently.
About the middle of January the 23d Corps was sent  east to the Department of  North
Carolina, with which it is consolidated for  February and subsequent months.
    The troops belonging to  the  Department  of the  Ohio, left behind when the 23d
Corps was ordered east, were united with the Department of the Cumberland by General
Orders  No. 5, January 17, 1865, by which, also, the Department of the Cumberland was
extended to embrace such parts of Mississippi, Alabama, and  Georgia  as may be occupied
by troops under the command  of General Thomas.  By General Orders No. 21, February
10,1865, the Department of Kentucky was constituted to consist of the State of Kentucky.
It is included in the present  table.   By the  same order the  portion  of the State of
Tennessee not already embraced in the Department of  the Cumberland was added to that
department;  this portion of the State was that lying west of the Tennessee river.   It was
detached from the Department of the Tennessee  November 28, 1864, by General Orders
No. 28, which constituted  the Department  of  the Mississippi  to comprise the State of
Mississippi, and that  portion  of Tennessee west of the  Tennessee river.   The reports
received from the Department of the Mississippi have been consolidated in the present
table.
    The most important movements of  the troops embraced  in this table were those
connected with the concentration of troops  at Nashville, rendered necessary by the advance
of General Hood against that place, which led to the battle of Nashville,  December 15th
and 16th, and the subsequent pursuit; and the cavalry expeditions  under General Stoneman
from Knoxville into  North Carolina, and under General Wilson from Nashville through
Alabama and Georgia, during  March and April,  1865.

    3.  The Military Division of  the Mississippi,  Part  II—Table LXXXV.

    This table embraces the army immediately under General  Sherman, which  at the
commencement of the year was engaged in the Atlanta campaign.   (See  remarks on
Table  LXXII, p. 459.)   Atlanta was  occupied by  the  forces of  General Sherman
September 2d.   The  chief engagements  occurred in the vicinity of  Atlanta July 20th
and 22d, and near Jonesboro' September 1st.
    The fall of Atlanta was followed in  October by the movement of General Hood to
the  north, threatening the communications  of  General Sherman, who, towards the close 
528                 sickness  and mortality of  white troops

of October, detached the 4th  and 23d  Corps to reinforce  General Thomas at Nashville
and breaking off from his base prepared for the march through Georgia to the sea.  The
last train for the north left Atlanta November 11th, and the march commenced Xovcinl,(.r
16th, the moving column consisting of the 14th, 15th, 17th, and 20th Corps, and a division
of cavalry.  By the 10th of December the  army was before Savannah, Georgia;  Fort
McAllister was carried  by assault December 13th, and Savannah was  evacuated on the
night of the 20th.   From Savannah  the army moved northward February 1st, marching
through South  Carolina and  North  Carolina to Goldsboro',  N. C, which was occupied
March  21st by General Schofield with troops belonging to the Department  of North
Carolina.
     Setting out from the neighborhood of  Goldsboro' on the 10th of April, Raleigh was
reached on  the  13th.   The  army  of  General Johnston  surrendered April 26th, and
subsequently the army of General Sherman was marched to the neighborhood of Wash-
ington, whence, after the review of May 23d, the troops were moved to convenient points
for muster-out.

               4. The  Department of the Gulf—Table LXXXVI.

     This department continued  to constitute a portion of the Military Division of West
Mississippi until  May  17,  1865.   It  is however here presented  as  a separate tabic,
embracing the reports from troops within the same  general boundaries as during former
years.
     Among the more  important movements of troops may be mentioned the expedition
against the forts at the  mouth of  Mobile harbor in the summer of 1864, and  that against
Mobile in the spring of 1865.   Fort  Gaines  surrendered August 8 and Fort Morgan
August 23, 1864.   Mobile was evacuated April 11, 1865,

           5. The Department of the  Northwest—Table LXXXVII.

     This table embraces the  reports received from troops within the States of Iowa and
Minnesota, and the  Territories of Nebraska and Dakota.

            6. The Department of  the Missouri—Table LXXXVni.

     As during the  previous year, this table embraces the reports received  from troops
within  the States of Missouri and Kansas.  Officially the State of Kansas was included in
the department of that name until  January  30," 1865, when  the Department of Kansas
was added to the  Department of  the Missouri by General Orders No.  11.  By the same
order the Departments of the Missouri and of the  Northwest were  united under the 
                     DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865                    529

designation of the Military Division of  the Missouri.   It has, however, been  thought best
to adhere to the geographical boundaries indicated, which are those employed in compiling
the tables of the Departments of the Missouri and of the Northwest for previous years.

             7. The Department of Arkansas—Table LXXXIX.

    This table embraces the reports from troops in the State of Arkansas and the Indian
Territory.  General J. J. Reynolds was assigned to command November 29, 1864.  By
General Orders  No.  44,  March  21, 1865, this department was  added to the Military
Division of the Missouri.   It has, however, been  thought best to present it separately in
these tables.
67 
530
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
          TABLE LXXXIII.
                      ■

Abstract of the  Sickness and Mortality
					1804.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		OCTOllER.			
									14,006.	
	10,517.		22,187.		23,726.		26,269.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	I>(-ittha. 3
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. ORDER I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	8	5 2	56	9	49	11	47	12 1 4	13	
										
	6		42		34	1	26			
										
	138 71 54 18 5 893 61 98 8 12	2 1 1 3 5 2 1 1	322 329 250 21 3 1,520 151 265 13 24 2 22 1 11 13 100 334 101 148 16 5 9	3 1 2 16 3 1	192 662 125 8 11 923 127 205 6 15 6 6	1 3 1 13 1 1	276 609 277 19 4 701 137 254 23 28 2 16	1 2 34 3	88 144 210 19 7 238 08 68	2 2 15 2
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
									29 9 11 1 10 26 193 53 40 70 4	2 1
										
	27									
										
	12 8 18 34 25 55 1			1	10 9 369 70 59 103 8		1] 16 291 194 83 136 17 1 13			
										
										
										
OEDEK II.—Enthetie Diseases. 22. Syphilis.......................................										
										
24. Orchitis.............................................										
										
	7				8				1	
										
	1 8		2 2		1 2					
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.........................................							28		8	
										
	1 1 1		18 1 3		13 1 1	1	18 6	1	1 1	1
										
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...............................................							9 86 66 22			
	44 30		97 73 37		51 78 1			1	73 28 5	
										
										
	1 1									
			2		5 1 10 2	3	2 4 8 8 6 39 3 2			
								1 1 1	' i........	
Obdeu II.—Tubercular Diseases.	6 4	4	20							
										
44. Other Diseases of this Order.........................									51 1........	
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch..................	18		47		18					
46. Tape-worm.............										
47. Other Intestinal Worms..........			1		8	1				
										
Carried forward.......					.......					
	1,675	27	4,061	36	2,997	37	3,490	62	1,183	1 ^
									_______________________i	
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865
531
     TABLE LXXXIII.



of the Northern Department.
	1804.								1865.							
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
14,492.			13,844.		28, 419.		19,610.		14,833.		14,	740.	12,917.		17,963.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 3 4 5	48	9	63	7	40	5	69	12	9 4 21	6	11	4	2		415 4 215	83 3 21
		2	o	2			35	4		5	48	3	1			
																
	145	2	91	1	488		214	1	144	1	91		75		2,264	14
6	157		150		370		269		293		193		128	3	3,375	3
7	221		238		200		313		176	1	78		57		2,199	1
8	8		e		27		31		17		9		2		187	1
y	1				7		28	5	3	4	3	1	2	1	74	20
																
1U	279		310		442		525		309		446		254		6,840 1,414	6
n	50	14	102	4	135	5	235	7	80	1	186	5	82	4		123
12	90		58		86	1	37	1	33	2	71		69		1,334	13
Id							4	1	9		1		6		74	3
																
14	37	1	64	1	104	2	113	7	50	1	46	4	13	1	535	18
15	31	9	44	7	56	5	35	4	46	13	44	8	5	1	280	50
It)	105		130	3	193	9	498	39	141	55	38	20	1	1	1,188	130
1! 18			1 26		12 34		1 42			1 o					16 181	1 5
	8							2	11		5	1	1			
L9	28		45		81		318	1	128		66		14		752	2
20	294		548		1,506		871		242		125		31		4,388	
21	77		70		82	2	189	11	123		127	3	66		1,419	16
22	67		79		71		82		80		77		33		797	
2d	98		111		173		102		108		127		54		1,285	
24 25	15		7		14 1		30		16		9 2		1 1 2		138	
26 27 28	3		1		3 5		18		1						11 73 5 5 381 4 105 23	
			1													
29 30 31 32 33 34	4		33 1 11		40		97		106 1 3 3		52 2 4 1		1			6
	10 3				18 1	1	6	2					2 5			
																
			2		1	1					2				10 8 10 1,011	1
							2		6							
35 36 37 38 39 40 41							1 124									1
	119		105		91				89	1	81		51			
	60 7 1		84 5		111 10	1	66		86 7		61 3		15 2		758 99 2 14 16 110 51 12 792 3 11	1 1
																
					1 1				2				1 8 1 1			
			1													
42 43 44	5 4	4	8 5	2	15 6 2	4	9 8	3	9 5		10 8					21 1
45 46 47	63		72		81		145		84		164		10			1
																
																
	2,038	41	2,476	27	4,510	36	4,517	100	2,446	93	2,19b	49	997	11	32, 888	547
 
532
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXUI.—NORTHERN DEPARTMENT—Continued.
					18(	>4			----------------------------■--------	
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November. 14,006! Coses. IVail,.,.	
										
	10,517.		22,187.		23,726.		26,269.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 62 1		
	1,675	27	4,061	36 1	2,997 1 7 54	37 1	3,490 n		1,483	28
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	4 26 1		8 101 2 1						H 13	
						........ 42				
							1 3			
				2 1				1		
					1 2 1 30 1	1			1	1
							1			
	2 33 2 3 1		10 65 1 10 1						1 51 1	
							50 3			
										
										
					5		2 1		1	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
									1	
	53		62 1 3 4 3 3 4		54		76		32	
										
	1				1		2		5	
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.	1				3 0 12 2		3 1 4 1			
										
	7								6	
70. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
			13 1		8		8 1	1	2	
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease..........................	1									
										
					2 1		4 1			1 1
	1 1 1 1 2 4 8 1 1		1							
										
			9 11 31 6 62 44		7 5	1 1	1 3 2 6 70 17			
								1 1 2	1	
80. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.					4 36 24				5 78 12	
										
										
										
			2 9 23 23 6 12 89 196 65	2	3 3 34 31 3 10 48 125 23	1	1 11 98 47 10 56 52 148 15		1 2 80 9 1 14 2S 04 7	5
	5 15 .8 3 3 39 102 31	2								
										
										
										
										
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............................................										
										
										
										
	2 9		2 22		3 35		1 52			
									7	
										
	1									..
			5 30		1 13 1		2 14 1			
100. Hernia................	6								5	
101. Hajinorrhage from Stomach......										
										35
Carried forward........	2,054	29	5,002	42	3,593	42	4,310	69 1 916		
-									,____	
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30; 1865.
593
TABLE LXXXIII.—NORTHERN DEPARTMENT—Continued.
	1804		1805.													
DECEMBER.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
14,492.			13,844.		28,419.		19,610.		14,833.		14, 740.		12, 917.		17,963.	
	Cases. 2,038	Deaths. 41	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Death?.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
49 50 51 52			2,476	27	4,510	36	4,517	100	2,446	93	2,198	49	997 1 4 6 1	11 1 1	32, 888 o 90 506 20 39 12 13 33 587 17 15 32 '2 1 767 11 21 H 51 15 126 9	547 4 19 5 16 19
	9 22		9 36 4 1 1 o 2 60 1	1	15 73 3 14 3 7 1 97 1	4 2	6 65 1 15 1	6 1 12	6 34 5		5 34 2 4 1	5				
	1 2 10 60 3															
53									2 1 4 31 2 1 3	2						
t>4																
to 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70											1 38 1		1 20			
							52 1									
													1			
			1		16 1 1 58	8		5		5	2	1				
																
																
	45 1 6		35				101 3		84 5		117 1		50			
			2 2 14 2 19		1											
							2 1 2 19 4		2 4 2 13 o				1 1			
	5 I 10				14 2 16						2					
											10		6			
																
72 71	5 1	1	8 1		2		3 2	1 1	2 2 1	1	11 1	1	1 2		63 12 5 9 7 1 23 43 39 66 1,200 277 4 19 123 1,239 343 57 318 415 1,318 169 1 51 278	4 1 1 1 1 5 1 5 6 1 1 196 1 6
					4 2											
											1					
76							1		1	1			. 1			
77																
78	1 6				1 2		1				2 7 2 o 90 30 2 3 9 73 21 5 15 20 84 2					
			3						4 1							
Ml							1 16 187 20	1				2 2 1				
81	5 142 4	1	5 137 21	1	10 129 48 1 7 20 241 60 7 42 53 94 4	1							3 40 11			
82 83 84								2 2	221 45	1						
85									1 21 136 18 3 24 20 103 3	60		1 11	1 3 26 6			
86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94	6 97 31 8 21 26 126 3	10	8 119 29 8 45 19 94 1 1 1 13	11		11 1 4	26 297 60 3 72 9 143 2	81 2								
													4 14 39 13			
	4 11				2 31		1 50		3 31		32 11					
96 97													6			
98															1 18 131 2	
99	3 9		2 8		2 25				3 8							
100 101							2				8		3			
									3,298							
	2,722	53	3,190	40	5,620	67	5,686	214		163 2,847 1		73	1,262	13	41, 500	840
 
534
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  LXXXIII.—NORTHERN DEPARTMENT-Concluded.
Year...........
Month..........
Mean Strbngth
LIST OF  DISEASES.
18(54.
July.
10,517.
               Brought forward......................
 Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
102. Haemorrhage from Bowels.........................
103. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
104. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
105. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
106. Inflammation of Peritonaium.......................
107. Acute Inflammation of Liver.......................
108. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
109. Jaundice..........................................
110. Piles..............................................
111. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
112. Stone and Gravel............
113. Diabetes....................
114. Bright's Disease............
115. Diseases of Prostate.........
116. Diseases of Testis...........
117. Inflammation of Kidneys---
118. Inflammation of Bladder.....
119. Incontinence of Urine.......
120. Hydrocele .................
121. Other Diseases of this Order.
  Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
Anchylosis...................................
Caries......................................
Inflammation of Joints..........................
Inflammation of Bones.........................
Inflammation of Periosteum.....„........... ..
Necrosis......................................
Other Diseases of this Order...................
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.

Abscess.......................................
Boils.........................................
Carbuncle.....................................
Whitlow......................................
Skin Diseases.................................
Cases.  Deaths.
2,054
29
August.
22,187.
Cases.  Deaths.
5,002
  CLASS  V.  WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
                   INJURIES.
      ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns............................................
135. Contusions.......................................
136. Concussion of Brain..............................
137. Drowning.........................................
138. Sprains..........................................
139. Dislocation......................................
140. Simple Fractures.................................
141. Compound Fractures.............................
142. Gunshot Wounds.................................
143. Incised Wounds .................................
144. Lacerated Wounds...............................
145. Punctured Wounds...............................
146. Poisoning........................................
147. Other Accidents and Injuries.....................
148. Order II.—Homicide.........................
149. Order III.—Suicide..............
150. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence .

               Total.................
42
September.
23,726.
Cases.  Deaths.
  October.      November.
   26-269.        l4ioo&

Cases.  Deaths.  Cases. Dr>_ih».
4,310
  3
 68
 10
  3
  3
 24
  1
104
 42
 23
2,288
34
31
29
5,590
48
4,002
69
1,916
4,882
73  2,193 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING  JUNE 30, 1865.
535
TABLE LXXXIII.—NORTHERN DEPARTMENT—Concluded.
1804. 1									1805.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
14,492.			13,844.		28,419.		19,610.		14,833.		14,740.		12, 917.		17, 963.	
—	Cases. 2,722	Deaths. 53	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 3,298	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. . Deaths.	
			3,190	40	5,620	67	5,686	214		163	2,847	73	1,262	13	41, 500	840
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111	1 97 6 3		13 98 2 2 2 14 1 14 26	1 1 1	1 198 7 5 3 2 1 30 33 3								5 15 4		25 994 51 48 13 121 41 345 343 107	4 8 5 o 1
						o	250 2 17 3 3 3 10 32 1	2 2 1	83 5 8	3	56 5 7 1 15 7 4 28 5	1				
																
	15 1 28 21 4								8 7 15 22 20	1 1			8 5 12 7 3			
112 113 114 115 116 U7 US 119 120 191	6 1 2		4 1		1		2		2		3 2 7				33 12 21	
																
					3								1			
																
											1 8 1 1				3 80 14 25 15 4	
	5 2 3 2		7 1 1		11		3 2 4 1		12				8 1			
					3 2				3 1							
																
																
122 123 124 125 126 127 ISP											2				3 3 19 3' 10 16 1	
					1 4 2 2 3		1									
	3 1								1		2					
																
									2 3							
	1		5								1		1			
																
129 130 131 132 133	9 37 4 7 43		15 25 1 8 32		21 52 G 8 54		18 14 3 17 36		13 »39 1 13 38		16 40 2 14 18		6 20 1	........	173 471 38 103 423	
													2			
134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147	9 24		8 25 1		7 23 2		2 17		7 23		82 24 5		1 8 1	3	146 283 14	6 1 13 1 1 3
																
	18		22 1 4 1 59 7 1 4 1 10		32 2 6		26 1 3 1 18 7 5		23 1 2		39		17 2 3		299 13 48 3 431 132 39 22 9 52	
	5										3					
	19 12 4			1 1	51 14 2 1			2	32 18 3 1	1	44 12 6 4		6 9 5			
													1			
	4				19		4		3		2					
148 149 150																
																1
																
	3,122	53														
			3,606	45	6,235	69	<>,192	221	3,707	169	3,314	74	1,414	16	46,545	886
 
536                           SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
        TABLE  LXXXIV—PAKT I.

Abstract of the Sickness and  Mortality
Year............................
Month...........................
Mean Strength.................

          LIST OF DISEASES
   CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
       Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever............................
Typhus Fever.............................
Typho-Malarial Fever......................
Yellow Fever..............................
Remittent Fever...........................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever...............
Tertian Intermittent Fever.................
Quartan Intermittent Fever.................
Congestive' Intermittent Fever..............
Acute Diarrhoea............................
Chronic Diarrhoea...........................
Acute Dysentery...........................
Chronic Dysentery..........................
Erysipelas.................................
Small-pox and Varioloid....................
Measles....................................
Scarlet Fever..............................
Diphtheria.................................
Mumps.....................................
Epidemic Catarrh...........................
Other Diseases of this Order................
        ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases.
Syphilis....................................
Gonorrhoea................................
Orchitis....................................
Stricture of the Urethra....................
Purulent  Ophthalmia.......................
Serpent Bite...............................
Other Diseases of this Order................
         Order III.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy....................................
Purpura...................................
Delirium  Tremens.........................
Inebriation................................
Chronic Alcoholism.........................
Other Diseases of this Order................
1804.
Cases.  Deaths.
166
  2
202
 CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
           ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout............................................
36. Acute Rheumatism...............................
37. Chronic Rheumatism..............................
38. Anasmia...........................................
39. Cancer...........................................
40. Tumors..........................................
41. Other Diseases of this Order......................
         Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption.....................................
43. Scrofula.........................................
44. Other Diseases of this Order......................
     CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch..........................................
46. Tape-worm...................................
47. Other Intestinal "Worms.......................
48. Other Diseases of this Order.................
Carried forward.
,600
,145
,720
 156
  59
,849
 651
,278
 127
 123
  12
 128
   3
  37
 209
 165
 523

 242
 496
  32
   9
  44
   1
   3
  1
349
239
 82
August.
September.
85, 244.
Cases.  Deaths
266
261
190
  1
17,017
250
2,378
2,911
2,125
  244
   69
5,444
  653
1,008
  108
   81
   13
   67
    3
   20
  120
  209
  372

  288
  513
   24
    3
   44
    1
    3

   69
    4
    8
    6
   16
  1
355
292
 65
69, 638.
October.
November.
72, 613.
130,029.
Cases.  Deaths.  Cases.  Deaths. ] Cases.  Deathi
102
148
1,069
2,440
1,508
  132
  129
3,351
  631
  990
  128
   55
    4
   37
 15
 38
181
328

233
290
 29
44
22
167
  2
  2
18,287
225
246
230
 41
  1
  3
12,545
106
57
  764
2,583
1,257
  244
   33
3,798
  565
1,103
  116
   59
   14
   96
 13
105
460
360

211
372
 25
  6
 22
  1
  3

 65
329
219
  6
142
  1
 10
183   13,208
136
15,623 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
537
        TABLE LXXXIV—PAET I.



of the Military Division of the Mississippi.
	1804	• II							18<	;5.						
December.			January.		February.		Marcu.		April.		May. 1		June.		Total.	
135,221.			155,998.		108, 767.		124, 534.		125,603.		130,269. 1		87, 791.		109, 330.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 1	Oeaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	)eaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.	
l	163	29	236	27	134	34	156	27	151	35	145	33	113	18	1,895	410
3 4| 5			7 174	3	8 78	6	1 185						2 257	1 5	21 2,012	6 112
	231	9						3	202	7	134	5				
	1.275	1	1,231	6	804	1	1,362	6	967	G	1, 561	10	1,129	6	15,236	96
6 2,375 '			1,852		1,280		2, 042	3	1,792	3	2,197	5	1,232		25, 087	27
7 2,062			1,682		1,340		1,803		1,681	2	1,852		1,168	2	19, 651	6
8 251		1	233		169		169	1	181		207		154	1	2,357	3
9	47	5	30	4	38	6	23	2	20	9	130	8	53	3	661	95
10	6,683	2	5,405	11	2,849	1	5,428	10	5,006	5	5,869	8	4,173	3	58,475	91
11	1,285	13	886	35	709	46	7G8	32	555	44	1,415	45	529	26	9,200	407
12	1,151		968	10	577	5	863	3	1,050	7	1,629	2	988	3	12, G94	144
13	144	3	127	2	65	5	81	1	86	2	137	2	90	3	1,328	56
14	138	8	114	2	187	6	201	9	165	8	135	7	97	3	1,42<5	49
15	100	8	79	10	104	6	207	20	148	14	95	8	25	3	818	81
16	646	29	449	11	289	13	1,088	58	409	41	152	12	30	2	3,542	189
17 18					1 38	3	3 48		2 47				1 15	1	15 373	1 6
	36	1	49							1	18					
19	253	1	260		165		548		498		274		118	........	2,752	2
20	1,425		1,433		706		1,284		636		440		289		8,104	
21	633		500	3	481		493		459	2	528	2	463		5,525	21
22	4C7	1	364	1	281		303		254		257		195		3,402	3
23	601		427		330		444		369		368		263		5,006	
24	55		46		36		42		43		39		26		428	1
25	1		3		11		10		9		5		2		64	
26	62		41		61		70		62		119		52		641	
27 28 29	1										1 4 497				8 57 1,952	5
			1 106		1 88		3 132					2	4 264			
	83							1	427	1						
30	5		6		8		6		25		47		2		111	1
31	8		3		2		2		13		7		2		71	4
32 33 34	7 2		2		4		6 2 4	1 1	4		8			1	73	2
													2 1		32 6	1
					1											
35 36			2 818	1	5 544		4 643	1	4 596	1	1 634		1 332	1	19 6,204	5
	782															
37	649	1	513		371	1	457		269		316		202		4,113	2
38	16		25	1	33		38		50	1	43		12		431	2
39 40									2 6		1 9		1 4		5 80	
	9		5		2		5									
41	18		1		1		5		1		1		2	1	34	1
42	25	1	27	8	33	4	35	13	29	6	42	3	24	2	363	56
43	17	1	15		11	1	32		43		33		17	1	235	4
44 45	1 260		1				2 418				4 333		7 182		14 2,914	
			317		274				376							
46	3		' -i		11		4		2		2				33	
																
47	5		4		4		6		17		6		3		69	
48	3 21,978						2						2		8	
		114														
			18,44	3 135	12,134	138	19,428	192	16,656	195	19, 695	152	12,528	86	197, 545	1,889
68 
538
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE LXXXIV-PART ..-MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI-Continued.
					l.s	. !•				
	July.		August.		September.				November, j	
										
	86,252.		85,	214.	69,638.		72,6i3.			
									130, o».	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. I Deaths.		Cases. 15,623 1 53 175 5 3 1 2 33 220 3	Doatlu. 83 1 1
	17, 017 5 33 374 13 3	250 4 1 2 2	16, 287 4 30 334 4 2 1	225 2 1 2 3	12,545 2 15 138 7	183 1 2 1	13,208 1 33 244 5	136 2		
* CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
										
										
										
										
								1		
	1 32 317 10 101						1 33 128 o 1			
		1 5	11 229 3 17	1	17 110 o 11 1 3 3 362 2 26	1 2				
										
										
										
									3 2 3 331 9 17 3 15 5 23	1
Order 11.—Diseases of Eye.	4 3 420 43 28 4 56 15 37 16 1 9 3 1 3 3		4				9 4 300 14 13 1 23 7 13 1			
										
			367 6 23 8 23 9 54 5							
										
										
										
ORDER 111.—Diseases of Ear.					29 5 20					
										
										
70. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
72. Valvular Disease of Heart...........................		3 1 1	1 1 5 1 3		6 1	2	7 1	1 1	7 5	
										
74. Dropsy of Pericardium..............................										
							2	2	2 1	
					3					
										
	23 14 1 29 252 39 3 12 24 80 85 13 42 336 638 176	1 2 33 1 2 1 2	15 30 1 28 160 85 1 2 7 73 75 17 18 313 494 177	10 5 1	2 5 2 22 212 45 1 4 23 41 72 7 17 171 335 79	3 1 2 2 1	14 10 16 25 420 27 5 3 22 89 59 17 14 198 414 38	7 1	22 12 3 23 593 53 3 4 57 235 125 17 87 248 533 62 1 11	1 1 1 10
										
80. Other Diseases of this Order.......................										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
										
										
84. Dropsy of Chest...................................										
										
										
										
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............................................										
										
										1
										
	17 140		19 121 1 6 6 83 1	1 1	10 73 1 3 5 38	2	10 64			1
									r>	
									! .......	
	o 1 82 2						7 5* 58 1		1	
99. Fistula in Ano........										
100. Hernia.......									55	|........
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach......										
								_	__	---
Carried forward.........	20,563	312	21,165	252	14,476	203	15,567	151	18, 786	101
I .............										J_________1
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18C5.
539
TABLE LXXXIV—PART I.—MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI—Continued.
	1804.		.						i8or>.								
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.		
135,221.			155,998.		108,767.		124, 534.		125,603.		130,269.		87,791.		109,330.		
1 Cases.		Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	
																	
	21,978	114	18,446	135	12,134	138	19,428	192	16, 656	195	19,695	152	12,528	86	197,545	1,889	
	3 47	2 1	3	1	2	4	2		5	3	3			1	31	18	
49			35		36	1	49	2	34	1	46	1	52		463	12	
ii	229		304		284		324		344		408		263		3,421		
5i>	6	2	4		9		6		3		7		7		76	3	
53 54	6 4	2 1			6 4	4 1	6 3	4 1	1	4 1	2 2	2 1	2 2	1 3	31 19	23 15	
			2	1													
55	8		5	1	6	1	4	1	3		* 1		3		34	3	
"iH	18		18	1	47	1	38		20		43	2	22		332	4	
57	398		349		260		328		271		345	1	166		3,121	1	
58	14		8	1	24	1	14		12		20		6		118	5	
59 60					1 6				4 5	3	7 6	1	17 6		159 49	6 4	
	12		3				7										
61	6		6		2		6		4		7		2		55		
62	3		4		1		4		2		1		5		33		
63	406		407		320		386		450		474		305		4,528		
64	9		9		8		21		9		29		12		171		
65	17		8		8		15		17		29		40		241		
66	4		4		3		1		2		2		3		35		
67	21		32		20		34		26		36		14		329		
68	7		11		13		23		19		11		5		130		
69	33		43		39		42		31		39		30		404		
70	6		7		4		3		11		1		1		55		
71 72											6 30				7 168	14	
	15	1	14	1	13	1	23		20	2		1	23	2			
73	5		7		5	3	3	1	4		1		4		40	5	
74 75	2 5		1 4		2 6	2	1 3	2	1			1	1		14	6	
		2							6		5	1	2	1	39	7	
76 77 78							4 2 27		2 2 24	1	2 1 13				18 7 223	1	
			1 22		1 19												
	30												12				
79	13		4		5		17		20		13		10		153		
80 81	4 51				9 32		2 46	1	1 29	1 1	1 37	1	1 29		41 396	4 1	
			45														
82	937		849	2	642 !........		700	2	433	1	419	1	206		5,823	6	
83	140		186		176		261	1	69		132	1	48	2	1,261	7	
e4	10	1	3		1		4		3	1	3		6		43	2	
85	14		11		25		37		12		11		9		144	1	
86	126		155	2	84		146		56		50		14		764	3	
87	437	20	564	56	411	48	529	66	284	44	215	25	76	3	3,034	325	
88	213		205	2	144	2	200	1	129	2	130	-v.....	70		1,507	9	
89	27		27		9		29		16		18		23		220	2	
90	109	2	73	1	118		59	1	60	2	27		10		634	15	
91	364		269		144		201		214		312		224		2,994	1	
92	720		548		435		1,023		704		879		560		7,283	1	
93	74		46	1	31		33	1	48		100	1-	112		976	8	
94 95	1 18	1	3 39	1	1 38				4 29		2 17		1 12		13 238	7	
							18	1									
96	98		108		52		83		75		116		81		1,093	1	
97 98 99															2 40 102		
			1 • 6		8 9		3 15		5 8	.......	1 14		4 9				
	9																
100	99	1	77		58		64		66		114		74		868	1	
101	4		1		1		4		2		4		2		22		
	26,760	150	22,977	206	15,716	207	24,281	277	20,255	262	23,887	192	15,114	99	239,547	2,412	
 
540
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXIV—PART I.—MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI—Concluded.
	Ju				ls(M.					
										
		LY.	August.		September.		Orrii	ii:u.	----	
									November. 130,029.	
Mean Strength...................................	86/	252.	85,;	!44.	69,638.		72,6 Cases.	13. Deaths.		
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 21,165 11 69 15 15 4 45 49 439 223 24 17 7 5	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.			Cases. Deattu.	
	20,563 9 106 31 13 3 36 29 211 249 22 13 2 11 1 4 45 12 20 7 3 4 3 10 3	312 1 5 5 1 1 1		252 1 5	14,476 7 79 12 5	203 1 1 o 1 1	15, 567 3 77 7 12 41 6 265 144 14 13 3 12	151 1 1 1 1	18,786 4 144 14 B 29 25 433 234 16 14 8 6	101 2 I
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
										
										
										
										
				1 3 v	35 22 245 144 4 10 2 3					
										
										
110. Piles...............................................										
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
										
										
			11 44 2 8 4		4 23 4 15 2 4 3 8 3				5 33 7 6 3 1 o 2 7	
							26 7 7 2 2 5			
										
										
120. H ydrocele..........................................										
										
Order V11I.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.			4 2 9							
123. Caries..............................................										
							5 1			
										
			3 1		2 1				7 3	
										
128. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	2 246 471 37 136 155 30 106 6									
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System,		1 1 2 5 1 91 1 2 1	161 419 31 88 133 17 83 1 72 4 11 4 329 32 6 8 10 6	1 3 39 6 1 1	113 266 35 40 98 18 79 2 67 6 9 2 139 21 11 8 8 5		92 185 14 32 59 21 88		134 21'8 23 52 118 54 152 3 146 10 22 8 1,157 78 31 13 o 15	2 1 12 26 4 1
L30. Boils...........................................										
										
132. \Vhitlow.........................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns..............................................										
										
										
137. Drowniag...........................................						5 1 14 2 1 1	110 12 18 20 258 23 23 1 2 8	1 1 20 1 1		
138. Sprains.............................:...............	104 6 11 6 028 40 18 16 6 34									
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
147. Other Accidents and Injuries..................										
148. Order II.—Homicide.........										
149. Order III.—Suicide......										
150. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence..										2 152
									__	
Total..............	23, 468	431	23,591	313	16,040	233	17,185	179	22,113	
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30,  1865.
141
TABLE LXXXIV-PART I.-MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI—Concluded.
	1804.								1805.							
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
135,221.			155,998.		108,767.		124, 534.		125, 603.		130,269.		87, 791.		109, 330.	
1 Cases.		Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
-—■	-—--															
	26,760	150	22,977	206	15,716	207	24,281	277	20,255	262	23,887	192	15,114	99	239, 547	2,412
102	5		20		14		11	1	10		9		10		113	4
io:<	169		210		192		363		247		151		67		1,874	
104	27		27	1	27	1	18	1	14	2	24	1	19	2	235	13
105	10	2	-21	2	20	2	24		24	1	23	1	4	1	179	22
106	1		3	3	4	2	2		1		2	2	4		24	15
107	23		52	2	40		55		75		75		43		549	4
108	58		38		28		28	2	18		45		29	1	375	4
109	459		373	1	206	1	160	1	170		191	2	273	2	3,425	11
110	325		310		166		200		180		225		153		2,553	
111	17		15		11		12		13		9	1	13		170	2
112	26		7		3		8		16		22		12		161	
113	4		8		8		4		9		6		3		64	
114	3		17		16		2		7		2		3		87	
115 116					3 7				1 7						5 63	
	5		5				9				4		2			
117	44		41		32	. 1	55		43		48		30		464	1
118	8		10		11		10		4		13		9		97	
119	15		14		12		10		5		5		7		124	
120	4		4		7		6		4		1		4		48	
121	23		2		5		2		4		7		5		58	
122	0		5		2		5		1		16		9		58	
123 124			3 20		4 18		1 4		1 10		8 9		12 6		44 108	
	7															
125 126 127	4								1 6 1		1 6 6				10 27 35	1
							1 5					1	9 6			
	2		5		5											
128	1				2				1		3				9	
129	136		141		125		155		113		156		91		1,663	1
130	320		342		218		264		249		311		232		3,575	
131	29		16		11		12		13		27		17		265	
132	49		53		43		47		61		53		59		713	
133	184		136		100		164		107		97		83		1,434	
134-	59		65		41		44		24		40		34	1	447	1
135	190	1	128		88		148	1	148		159	1	100	1	1,469	7
136	4		1	1	5	1	4	4	1	2	2		4	2	33	14
137 138	206	7	163	3				6	176	7	234	6	130	4		59
					156		232								1,796	
139	11		12		12	1	14		11		24		11		133	1
140	24		19		20		23		25		30		16		228	1
141			4 84	1 4	5 82		10 124	1 7	4		5	1			98	5
142	2,231	21				8			438	17	76	15	54	4	5,600	266
143	99	2	120		82	1	78		68	1	54	1	44		739	7
144	48		8		17		19		13		19		19		232	1
145	13		15		6		10		16	1	22		5		133	1
146	6		1		3		3	1	3		8		17		69	I
147	125	1	90	4	38	6	32	7	20	2	38	4	66	1	477	37
148 149 150		2				1		2		o 2		1 1		1		15 7 2
				2												
																
	31,766	186				232										
			25,585	230	17,611		26, 659	311	22,618	299	26,153	230	16,821	_.	2C9, 610	2,915
 
542                 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
     TABLE LXXXY—PAET II.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
	1804.									
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November.	
										
	137,176.		132,296.		129,405.		118,800.			
									78, fez.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 3
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	149 1 212	77 I	122 4 188	40 2 5	51 1 111	35	71	26	30 4 22	
										
						4	79	6		
										
	2,154 2,491 2,056 199 49 7,016 808 2,371 185 108 1 9	8 1 6 20 75 21 10	2,056 2,278 1,964 232 46 6,994 880 2,670 170 128 2 5	13 1 3 8 106 14 20 1	1,518 2,181 2,114 166 43 5,170 673 1,893 149 86	13 1 1 1 13 11 116 37 14	1,012 1,623 1,380 143 42 3,111 400 1,123 107 60 3 15	15 4 1 4 10 135 43 11 1	531 675 704 43 10 2,022 224 485 60 49 5 73	4 5 2 4 6 1
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
					8					
										
18. Diphtheria..........................................	9 53 135 587 161 220 17 3 28 4 6 914 11 1 3	1 5	12 31 105 569 127 165 29 5 26 2 3 869 2	2 5	11 15 120 522 126 173 15 1 26 2 15 620 3	1 3 1	7 23 94 270 83 125 31 2 12 2 2 229 3	2 1	1 51 56 117 58 74 8 3 3	1 1
										
										
										
Order II.—Enthetie Diseases. 22. Syphilis.........................................										
										
24. Orchitis......................................										
										
										
										
								2	1 52	
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................										
										
									2 3	1
			1 1		1					
										
					15 1 520 278 50					
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...............................................	1 478 287 96									
		3 1	507 311 54	3 3		1	477 200 35 1 5 2 20 14	1 3	302 ........ 7!........	
										
										
										
40. Tumors................-............................	5 3 22 22	4	5 3 23 22	4	9 2 25 30 1 80 1 2	1		1 9	«|.~.	
										
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.									3	1
										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch....................	110 2 5		54 1 7				80		33	i
										
47. Other Intestinal Worms..............							3			
										
Carried forward...........										
	20,992	233	20,673	230	16,826	253	10,889	275	5,859	30
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1865.
543
       TABLE LXXXY—PART II.
of the  Military  Division of the Mississippi.
	1864.		1S05.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
77,585.			75,851.		70,707.		69,818.		75,184.		78,514.		28, 339.		89,384.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2 3 4 5	44	23	71 1 67	16	13	21	30	15	18	18 2 2	13	15	9		621 11 967	291 4 45
	56	3		8	16	3	60	10	107		32	2	17	1		
	480	15		11	346	6	435	10	760	4	733	2	305		11,113	101
b	654		1,093	1	588		609	2	1,056		926	2	320		14,494	11
•7	682		979		522	1	530		901		793		300		12, 925	3
8	44		98		20	1	31		58		52		18		1,104	3
9	6	2	8	4	6	4	15	10	8	4	15	1	4	2	252	58
10	1,980	7	2,450	11	1,495	5	2,0C1	13	2,245	2	2,454		1,277		38,275	89
11	220	23	349	47	168	61	290	39	376	34	288	13	210	1	4,886	660
1;!	473	16	578	20	235	9	310	6	433	1	488	1	235		11, 294	174
1J	39	11	40	9	25	6	42	3	43	1	50		37		947	85
14	41	1	48	1	28	3	35	1	51	4	46	1	21		701	12
15 16 17 18 19	4 148	8	37 67	1 5	25 37	3 4	6 19	6	13 36	3 4			3 5		99 451	13 23
											29					
			14 26		11		1 12.		1 54		9 17	2			67 314	4
																
	14												7			
21)	53		155		94		35		62		47		23		979	
21	59		115	3	51		99	2	244	10	192		40	1	2,865	29
22	48		79		26		32		53		30		41		870	1
2J	40		90		40		59		95		65		114		1,260	
24	4		13		6		6		20		8		4		161	
25 26 27 28	2 5		2 4		3 1		1 7		3 14 1 2		2 13				27 148 11	1
													9			
			1				2									
29 30 31 32 33 34	35 2		65 2 1		11 1		14		56 1 1 1		94 1 1 1 1	1	33		2,992 24 7 16 2 19 6 4,409 2,2C8 328 2 40 26 147 139 1 763 16 33	9 o
													1 3	1		
	1				1		1									
																
	1						3									
35 36 37 38 39 40 41					2 292 102 4				1 381' 254 20	1	1 360 162 30					8 12 1
	275 103 6	1	487 204 15	2			236 135 1 1 2	2					94 43 10			
	1 1	1	6 1						1 9		1		3 4 6 6			
																
42 43 44 45 46 47 48 .	10 8	1	5 12	1	3 3	3	14 1		13 4		3 5	2				25
	78		82 3 5		29		36 2		97 3 2		75 3 3		9			
	2															
	5,619	118 ____	8,056	140	4,206	130	5,173	119	7,498	90	7,051	42	3,211	6	116,053	1,666
 
544
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  LXXXV—PART II.—MILITARY DIVISION OF  THE MlSSISSIPPI—Continued.
YEAR............
Month...........

Mean Strength .
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward.
 87.
 68.
 89.
 90.


 91.
 92.
 93.
 94.
 95.
 96.
 97.
 58.
 99.
100.
101.
    CLASS  IV. —LOCAL DISEASES.

    Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
 Apoplexy..................................
 Epilepsy...................................
 Headache.........................,........
 Insanity...................................
 Inflammation of Brain......................
 Inflammation of Membranes of Brain........
 Inflammation of Spinal Cord................
 Nostalgia..................................
 Neuralgia.................................
 Paralysis..................................
 Sun-stroke.................................
'Other Diseases of this Order................
         Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
 Amaurosis.................................
 Cataract...................................
 Inflammation of Conjunctiva................
 Inflammation of Iris........................
 Night Blindness............................
 Other Diseases of this Order................
         Order III.—Diseases of Ear.
 Inflammation of Internal Ear...............
 Deafness...................................
 Otonhuea..................................
 Other Diseases of this Order................
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
Aneurism......................................
Valvular Disease of Heart......................
Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
Inflammation of Pericardium...............___
Inflammation of Endocardium___..............
Inflammation of Veins..........................
Varicose Veins.................................
Varicocele.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
  Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
Asthma......................................
Acute Bronchitis.............................
Chronic Bronchitis...........................
Dropsy of Chest.............................
Haemorrhage from Nose......................
Inflammation of Larynx......................
Inflammation of Lungs.......................
Inflammation of Pleura.......................
Haemorrhage from Lungs.....................
Other Diseases of this Order..................
   ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Colic........................................
Constipation.................................
Cholera Morbus..............................
Cirrhosis of Liver............................
Dropsy from Hepatic Disease.................
Dyspepsia....................................
Diseases of  Pancreas.........................
Diseases of Spleen...........................
Fistula in Ano................................
Hernia.....................................
Haemorrhage from Stomach...................
Carried forward .
1804.
July.
137,176.
Cases.  Deaths.
20,992
  3
 16
457
 10
  2
  2
 16
383
  9
182
  4

  4
  3
266
 13
216
  7

 38
  6
 39
  2
  6
  6
  2
  1
  2
  5
 19
 17
  3

 25
239
 42
  1
  4
 35
124
 80
 17
 25

516
602
191
24,838
233
August.
Cases.  Deaths.
20, 673
 26
457
  9
  4
  3
 11
453
  4
  2
  4
246
  3
293
  5

 22
  4
 48
  2
 30
 20
  1

 15
281
 21
  1
 20
 86
 84
 30
 26

597
580
239
  1
 20
125
230
24,613
258
September.
129,405.
Cases.
16,826
  3
 35
303
  7
  2
  1
  3
 21
242
 16
  5
  3
239
 13
164
  5

 20
  7
 29
  2
  5
 20
 83
 75
 15
 26

467
420
134
19,828
Deaths.
253
OCTOllER.
118,800.
Cases.
10,889
  2
 17
188
  5
  3
 11
165
 10
  4
  1
177
  2
125
 17
 11
  4

 33
269
 35
  1
  2
 20
 96
 65
 19
 29

351
252
 87
  3
 11
 62
Deaths.
13,067    2'JO
7,157    43 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
545
TABLE LXXXV—PART II.—MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI—Continued.
	1864.								1805.						1	
DECEMBER.			January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	77,585.		75,851.		70, 707.		69,818.		75,184.		78, 514.		28, 339.		89,384.	
i Cases.		Deaths. 118	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death?.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	5,619		8,056	140	4,206	130	5,173	119	7,498	90	7,051	42	3,211	6	116,053	1,666.
49 50			1 12	1 1	1 8	1 1	1 8	1 1	o 12	2	1 9	2			15 170	13 5
	9												3			
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70	84 2 4	3	136 3 2	1 1	59 2 1	1 3	33 1 1 5 5 79 3	1	144 5		127		35 1 1	1	2,108 47 17 3 22 93 1,979 67 366 25 37 11 1,596 45 889 27	2 17 3 1 3 2 4
										1						
											1 1 2 114 2 81 6 3 1 100 1 8 2	1				
	1 4 81 4							1	4 8 147 8 23 1 5	1 1						
			9 121 6		1 54 4	1 1						1	1 47 1 3			
			1 2 1 109 2 5		1											
							1						4			
																
	78 1 2				48		79 2 11		105 1 22 2				43 6 1 3			
																
																
	6 3 3		9 7 4		5 2 3		1 2 3		3 2 8		2 2 3		2 1 5		123 42 166 15	
71 72 73 74 75 70 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 8C 87 88 89 90									1 9 1						3 71 16 8 17 7 6 17"3 92 12 215 2,515 315 7 22 164 844 639 126 193	17 10 1 2 2 5 1 4 6 1 1 87 5 4 4
	3 2 2		4 2	2 1	2	1 1	2	3		2 1	5		6	1		
											1 1					
			1		1	1	1					1	1 1			
	1	1														
																
	3 2		13 5 1 14 310 39 2 1 22 78 76 4 24		6		15 4	1 1 1	22 5		19 4		2 6			
																
	16 137 13	1		1	9 200 18	1	11 138 23 1		19 170 20	1 4 1	14 167 31		9 48 5			
				5	1 8 59 38 6 18				3 4 45 52 2 18		4 9 43 45 5 5					
	7 85 30 11 6	12 1 1				17	2 35 36 6 8	9 1 1				7	2 12 15 4 3	1		
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	195 92 33	1 1	177 192 18		104 62 20	3	105 77 18	1	182 211 32		170 243 36 1 13 75		69 112 31	1	3,180 2,928 885 5 181 646 3 20 66 418 10	3 3 12 8 1 1 1 1,895
	25 30	1	29 34	1	2 18		14 23	3	15 60	1						
													15			
	4 6 15												2			
			8 24 1		3 11		5 11 1	1	9 37		4 26 2					
													16 1			
	6,619	140	9,565	154	4,987	162	5,944	145	8,917	105	8,440	54	3,728	10	137,703	
69 
54G
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  LXXXV—PART II.—MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI-Concluded.
Mean Strength
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward.
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
102. Haemorrhage from Bowels.....
103. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
104. Inflammation of Stomach......
105. Inflammation of Bowels.......
106. Inflammation of Peritonaeum...
107. Acute Inflammation of Liver...
108. Chronic Inflammation of Liver .
109. Jaundice......................
110. Piles..........................
111. Other Diseases of this Order...
 Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.

112. Stone and Gravel..................................
113. Diabetes..........................................
114. Bright's Disease..................................
115. Diseases of Prostate...............................
116. Diseases of Testis.................................
117. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
118. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
119. Incontinence of Urine.............................
120. Hydrocele........................................
121. Other Diseases of  this Order.......................
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis..................
123. Caries.....................
124. Inflammation of Joints.......
125. Inflammation of Bones.......
126. Inflammation of Periosteum..
127. NecrosisJ....................
128. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
129. Abscess.......
131. Boils-.........
131. Carbuncle.....
132. Whitlow......
133. Skiu Diseases.
  CLASS V.   WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS,  AND
                    INJURIES.
      ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns............................................
135. Contusions.......................................,
136. Concussion of Brain...............................
137. Drowning.........................................
138. Sprains...........................................
139. Dislocation......................................
140. Simple Fractures.................................
141. Compound Fractures.............................
142. Gunshot Wounds.................................
143. Incised Wounds..................................
144. Lacerated Wounds...............................
145. Punctured Wounds...............................
146. Poisoning........................................
147. Other Accidents and Injuries.....................
148. Order II.—Homicide............................
149.
1S(J4
137,176.
Cases.  Deaths,
24,838
 12
 87
 13
 10
  o
 39
 21
187
249
 64
251
August.
132,296.
Cases.  Deaths.
24, 613
259
626
 52
 72
169
 50
157
  3
Order III.—Suicide..............

Order IV.—Execution of Sentence .

            Total.................
  131
    8
    9
   17
5,331
   51
   26
   13
   20
   64
32, 685
  2
355
629
 17
248
280
 12
232
798
 85
 65
183
 43
158
 12
  153
    4
   16
    9
2,690
   67
   53
   29
    9
   17
30,065
258
  5
447
  4
September.
129,405.
October.
118,800.
Cases.  Deaths.  Cases.  Deaths
19,828
  6
 80
  7
 14
  3
 39
 17
327
255
 33
207
650
 65
 58
169
43
741
  133
    4
    9
    3
1,415
   43
   20
   20
   18
    9
283
13,067
  3
 78
  8
  7
  1
 15
 10
237
188
 14
137
405
 37
 36
154
290
256
23,689
556
180
  6
 12
 14
520
 50
 25
 10
  7
 21
15,487
 November,

   78,927.

Cases. DraUu

7,157
389
 32
  6
  o
  1
  4
  9
 96
117
  3
 79
262
 11
 25
 68
190
  5
 13
  1
234
 36
 14
  9
  1
  5
8,549 ! 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 18C5.
547
TABLE LXXXV—PART II.—MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI-Concluded.
	1804. December.								1805.							
			January. 75,851.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	77,585.				70,707.		69,818.		75,184.		78,514.		28,339.		89, 384.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases | Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	6,619	140	9,565	154	4,987	162	5,944	145	8,917	105	8,440	54	3,728	10	137,703	1,895
102 103			4 64				1 23		1 42		6 25				33 557	4 2
	28				24								11			
104	4		5	1	2		6		6		3		1		76	4
105	4		7	1	5		2	3	4		14	1	3		89	17
106 107	1						1		1							
	11		10		8		7		13	1	17		3		214	2
108 109	6 93		3 158		1 96	1	0 124		6 124		10 72				106 1,801	4 4
													39			
110	123		155		60	1	108		115		131		36		1,817	2
111	4		10	1	2		2		4		9	1	3		160	3
112	5	1	3		2		2		13		5		3		69	1
113 114	5 8								1 5	1	1 1		1 2		21 59 1 48	1
			5				6									
115 116																
	3		4		4		1		2		1		1			
117	8		6		4		5		23		4		3		211	
118 119	5 6		4 5		5 1				2 3		4 3		1 1		55 73	
							4									
120	3		1				2		1		3		1		23	
121	1		3						1		1		2		18	
122 123 124 125 126 127 128			1 1 4						1 1 5		3		1 1		16 11 82 3 35 15 8	1
																
					2						19					
																
	2		3 1		2 ........ I		4 1	1	4 1 o		3 2					
													1			
	2															
129	89		68		55		64		91		58		12		1,351	1
130	242		287		174		246		301		243		43		4,277	
131	20		20		16		23		34		25		8		396	1
132	29		50		42		23		24		26		3		453	
133	71		121		40		38		59		49		12		1,133	
134	31		21		47	1	25	2	30		41		2		400	5
135	65	1	72		82	1	75		53		96		29		1,093	6
136 137 138					1 176	1	1 128	3	1	1					23	2 17
				4								2	32	1		
	101		109						121		251				1,705	
139 140	5 5		2 4		7 12		6 9		5 9				2 6		54 107	
											3					
141 142	3 356	1 37	3 53	12	3 227	29	35 1,648						1 15	1 I	89 12,545	11 1,425
								155	47	28	9	1				
143	38		89		52		48	1	50		32		13		569	5
144	23		12		24	1	8	1	8	1	4		5		222	13
145	6		12		11		14		14		7		5		150	
146	8		8		12		19	1	11		8		4		125	1
147	5	1	12		27	1	10	5	7		123	2		2	303	29
148 149 150																1 7 1
										2				1		
																
	8,038	181														
			10,965	173	6,213	198	8,669	317	10,163 139		9,752	61	4,034	16	168, 309	3,469
 
548
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
         TABLE LXXXVI.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					18(	>4.				----1
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		Nove	---------------■
										1BER.
	38,485.		40,496.		36,277.		35,869.		36,4	
										32.
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death*.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	137 105 153	25 4 21	75 8 139	21 21	374 7 126	19 24	47 1 117	8	62	12
										
								20	61	4
										
	948 1,390 1,617 254 91 2,935 433 662 68 29 8 30	8 3 1 7 6 42 12 6 1 1	1,359 1,847 1,881 346 76 3,242 519 886 93 34 8 4	18 1 1 22 6 67 23 19 1	779 1,413 1,820 216 58 2,492 608 862 115 15 9 2	4 11 9 78 14 18 1	567 1,557 1,543 186 59 2,087 386 731 83 22 18 1	12 1 14 5 58 14 9 1 1	344 97.2 1,195 187) 44 1,517 298 523 69 28 56 4	3 7 3 34 12 1
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										.......1
18. Diphtheria..........................................	19 16 48 35 155 204 21 6 9	1 3	13 10 72 21 176 142 20 1 15 1 14 346 4 6 16	2 2 1 1 1	6 4 75 47 125 116 10 2 15 1 3 715 3 4 19	1 1	12 13 72 99 104 101 18 1 12	2	6 9 113 82 101 90 21 4 11	
										
										
										1 1
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Svphilis...........................................										
										
24. Orchitis.............................................										
										
										........1
										
	6 191 6 7 19	1 1				21	3 232 3 6 13	3	1 209	
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy........................................										8
										
									6 5	
										
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...............................................			1 191 121 84 1 11 17 15 14							
	198 51 97 2	1		1	131 92 67	1 1	209 66 41		207 82 30 1	
										
										
										1
							1			
	1 26 9	2		2 6	8 23 9				2 13 5	5
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.						5	14 12	4		
										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch.............	32 7 6 2		48 3 6		28 6 5		53 2 3		68 3	
										
47. Other Intestinal Worms............										
48. Other DiseaM.s of this Order.......										
Carried forward.........					i —.					91
	10,033	146	11,886	216	10,410	208	8,435	152	6,407	
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
549
TABLE LXXXYI.
of the Department of the Gulf.
_8oZ \ 1805.																
	December.		January.		February. | March. 1 April.						May.		June. Total.			
38,860.			37,374.		51,366.		54, 605.		57, 743.		53,908.		66,127.		45, 629.	
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48	Cases. 21 5 14	Deaths. 5	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			29	2	17	2	20	2	22	3	36 1 21	10 2	53 2 54	17 1 7	893 129 764	126 5 108
		1	17	3	18	1	22	1	22	3						
	293 575 715 116 8 1,148 256 277 47 19 39 8 1 7 17 73 106 90 106 16 4 7	1 1 1 22 4 4 1	203 626 686 110 22 1,034 172 343 40 28 66 32	1 2 9 2 2 3 6	327 674 737 104 19 1,607 299 397 40 41 76 59	1 2 1 8 3 4 2 3 1	314 8S7 934 139 38 1,802 352 613 54 31 33 64 2 5 32 91 80 130 141 15	7 1 3 2 17 2 3 6 3	429 1,123 1,134 112 20 2,270 362 1,050 56 54 14 51	1 4 25 2 1 1 4 3	438 1,023 1,273 133 74 2,584 368 943 143 45 11 13	13 3 5 26 8 6 1	939 1,876 1,544 167 66 3,441 579 799 84 55 22 26	8 7 12 27 17 3 4	6,940 14,143 15,079 2,068 575 26,159 4,632 8,086 892 401 360 294 3 120 233 1,293 1,365 1,623 1,750 223 30 130 5 28 2,385 73 55 148 4	76 3 4 1 78 56 413 113 76 9 25 TO 1 3 15 2 37 1 o 2 1
		2	30 17 117 119 100 112 14	1	10 49 288 110 156 158 27 2 15 1			1	5 26 124 204 124 123 17 1 7 1	2	3 20 70 188 132 121 18 2 12 1		4 20 150 274 230 336 26 7 11			
			5				11									
			1 32 28 4 8													
	63 12 1 3	1		2 1	40 6 2 5	1	95 2		185 2 3 12		98 3 5 16 1	1 1	179 4 11 27 2			
							5 1									
																
	1 167 65 29				5 314 97 14								2 282 102 32		9 2,701 1,139 453 5 49 35 176 109 2 1,005 33 25 4	5 2 2 1 2 35
			196 100 21				253 106 15		303 154 19	3	250 103 4 1 7 1 9 10	2 1				
			2		6 1 7 8 1 122 4	3	4 1 5 9		10 1 13 5 1 159 1 1 2	2			8			
	3 12 6															
												1	24 15	5		
			15 7	2												
	85		126				76 5 1				89		119 2 2			
											1					
			1													
																
	4,415	43	4,462	36	6,063	32	6,388	48	8,222	54	8,271	80	11,576	108	96,628	1,214
 
550
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXVL—DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF—Continued.
					1H<	54.				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			--—
									36,432.	
	38, 485.		40,496.		36,277.		35,869.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death*
	10,033	146 1 1 2	11,886 6 19 119 3 3	216 6 1	10,410 3 14 111 4 1 1 9 25 120 5 11 3 5 5 142 5 55 1 24 2 20 37	208 2 2	8,495	152	6,407	91
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	10 121 3 8						16 73 1 2	1	6 66 1 2 1	1 2 1
										
										
										
										
			8 10 113 3 25 1 1	1		2 1 4 1	4 13 77 5 2 1 4			
	20 181 5 33	1						1 1	6 93 1	
										
										
										
									2 4	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	177 5 25 3 8		176 7 48 1 15 3 18 44				156 5 12		110 3 10	
										
										
										
Order 111.—Diseases of Ear.							10 4 11 1		15 5 13 2	
										
	17 33									
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	8 3	2	2 2 4 1	2	8 1 1	1	2 1 1	1	5 2	
										
										
	3 1 1 12 7 13 9 140 15 3 6 3 37 27 15 9 223 28-2 60								6 4	1
										
		1 2								
			2 7		14 9 1 26 99 26 4 2 14 34 16 8 5 149 223 24	1 1 1 1 2 1 1	7 5		12 4 i 26 250 33 1	
										
										
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.			8 125 21 1	1			14 171 15			
										
										
										
							4 17 29 30 10 14 119 128 24			
		2 1	5 34 24 8 16 167 208 44	2				5 1 1	15 46 37 3 24 92 119 17 1 17 36	5 1 1
										
										
										
										
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............................................										
										
										
										
	24 49 1 6 4 41 1	1	24 44		• 29 33	1	26 41	2		
										
										
			3 4 41 2		6 7 35 2	1	7 4 23 1		5 5 18	
99. Fistula in Ano............										
100. Hernia...........										
										
Carried forward..............									7,528 103	
	11,685	160	13,306	229	11,789	231	9,585	165		
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1865.
551
TABLE LXXXVL—DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF—Continued.
	T-mTTT~ ]		ISt 55.													
DECEMBER. 38,860.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			37, 374.		51, 366.		54, 605.		57,743.		53, 908.		66,127.		45, 629.	
1 Cases.		Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
																
	4,415	43	4,462	36	6,063	32	6,388	48	8,222	54	8,271	80	11, 576	108	96, 628	1,214
	1 11		0	1	2		1	1	1	1					16	
49 50			14		16	1	16	1	11	2	18	1	22		173	8
51	61	.	57		73		79		119		109		189		1,177	
52			2 4 3 ■ 6	3	1 1	1	4 2	1	3		5		7 o	1	34 26	1 12 4
	1 1 5															
53 54 55				1	1						1	2			g	
		i			1		2		2						37	
																
56 57	4 88	|	11	1			5		3		3		19		119	5
			88		129		85		130		137		154		1,415	
58 59 60 61		!	11		8		4		2 2 3	1	1 6	1	3 18	2	48 97 17	3 7 2
		1														
	1 3		5				1									
			7		3		1		1		2		8		39	
62 63			1 130		10 205				2 190						18 2,158	
	133	!					190				277		272			
64	1		4		7		6		3		13		15		74	
65	6		3		5		31		78		49		63		385	
66 67			11 10		1 12		9 13		2 16		2 9		1 27		31 163	
	4															
68	6		1		3		5		2		1		6		38	
69	15		10		10		14		10		16		30		184	
70 71 72	3	........	1				1						1 2 5	1	123 2 55	8
																
	2		4		7	2	1	1	6		5	1				
73 74 75 76 77 78	3 3 2 1		1										3		17	2
							1	1	1	1	2 3		2 5	1	15 21 7 4 87	3 1 1 1
			1													
					1											
			1 5								2 5					
	6				6		4		6				8			
79	3		4		8		5		6		4		7		69	
80 81	2 14										2 11		2 12		23 194	3
			16		15		14		29							
82	163		296		385	1	178		171		164		214		2,356	1
83	30		24		38		33		16		32		46		329	1
84 85 86	4 2 12	1	2 10 23		1						3 2 5		1 6 18		20 35 173	2 2
									3 16							
					33		12									
87	52	6	51	8	94	4	38	2	85	2	56	6	59	4	615	48
88	31		33	1	52		22		36	2	45		42	3	395	6
89	10		8		9	1	5		8		12		5		101	3
90	21		59		71		. 15		4		8		20		266	2
91	76		66		71		96		158		151		271		1,639	1
92	130		134		195		218		384		283		407		2,711	.......
93	10		10		8		4		34		66	1	163	2	464	5
94 95	8 8	1	1 12	2	2 13				4 4	1					16 184	1 7
							5				7		15			
96	36		26		26		55		54		50		66		516	
97 98													1		2 99	
	1 4		2 4		1 3		24 5		2		42					
99									2		4		o		48	
100	18 ........i 17				22		13		15		28		36		307	
101	3	il									1				10	1
																
	5,414	51 5,653		53	7,613	43	7,605	55	9,846	C4	9,933	92	13,831	122	113,788	1,367
																
 
552
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  LXXXVL—DEPARTMENT OF  THE GULF—Concluded.
Year .
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
lSIJl.
38,485.
Cases. I Deaths.
40,496.
              Brought forward......................

ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
IC2. Haemorrhage from Bowels.....
103. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
104. Inflammation of Stomach......
105. Inflammation of Bowels.......
106. Inflammation of Peritonaeum...
107. Acute Inflammation of Liver ..
108. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
109. Jaundice.....................
110. Piles.........................
111. Other Diseases of this Order...
 Order VII.—Diseases of  Urinary and Genital Organs.

112. Stone and Gravel...................................
113. Diabetes..........................................■
114. Bright's Disease....................................
115. Diseases of Prostate................................
116. Diseases of Testis..................................
117. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
118. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
119. Incontinence of Urine.............................■
120. H ydrocele.........................................
121. Other Diseases of this Order........................
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis..................
123. Caries......................
124. Inflammation of Joints.......
125. Inflammation of Bones.......
126. Inflammation of Periosteum..
l'^7. Necrosis....................
128. Other Diseases of this Order.
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System,
129. Abscess.......
130. Boils.........
131. Carbuncle---
132. Whitlow......
133. Skin Diseases.
  CLASS V.—WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS,  AND
                    INJURIES.

      Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns...........................................
135. Contusions.......................................
136. Concussion of Brain..............................
137. Drowning........................................
138. Sprains..........................................
139. Dislocation......................................
140. Simple Fractures........................ ........
141. Compound Fractures.............................
142. Gunshot Wounds.................................
143. Incised Wounds........................'..........
144. Lacerated Wounds...............................
145. Punctured Wounds...............................
146. Poisoning........................................
147. Other Accidents and Injuries......................

148. Order II.—Homicide............................
149. Order III.—Suicide..............

150. Order IW—Es, cation of Sentence.

                Total................
11,685
  4
 56
 15
 15
  2
 44
 11
313
161
 21
136
335
 20
 49
 94
Cases.
184
  5
 48
 10
 22
  5
 38
  9
244
107
141
354
 10
 43
153
14, 852
September.
36,277.
Cases.
11,789
 15
 37
 14
 13
  3
 32
 34
 93
115
  3
Deaths.
231
 75
256
 24
 60
124
October.
35,869.
                NoVEMBEB.

                  36,438.

Cases.  Deaths.! Cases. 'Death*.

 9,585 |   165  |  7,528
  3
 49
 16
 17
  1
 22
  9
 75
108
  7
49
12, 964
 85
171
 14
 30
 81
10,539
184 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30,  1865.
553
TABLE LXXXVI.-DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF—Concluded.
1804		1805.													
DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March. 1 April.				May.		June. Total.			
38,860.-		37,374.		51, 366.		54,605.		57, 743.		53, 908.		66,127. ji 45,629.			
Cases. 5,414 3 46 11 5 1 13 18 55 74 2 2 3 4	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.	
	51 1	5,653 12 41 4	53 1 1 1	7,613 13 57 3 1	42	7,605	55	9,846 3 37 9 5 3 17 5 77 128 34 3 1 1	64 1	9,933 3 34 12 1 1 19 8 56 116 15 8 o 1 1 1 16 4 6 4	92 ] 1	13,831 1 44 18 19 1 39 35 80 156 10 3 1 1 1 2 30 4 12 3 4	122 ....... 1 1	113,788 64 549 116 113 21 271 157 1,196 1,292 126 56 23 33 3 33 226 45 101 30 20 16 14 47 8 18 13 8 949 2,493 140 451 917 205 933 21	1,367 4 1 5 14 3 0 2 5 1 2 1 ........ 6 60 3 102 1 4 2 2 28 3 9 1
					2	59 1 6 2 11 4 42 75 7 5 1 1	1								
		2 13 8 51 79 8 2													
				9 4 49 80 2 2 1 3											
		1													
3 11 4 10 3	........	3 19 1 4		3 30 1 13 4 6 3 2 9 1											
						11 5 8 2 1 1		25 3 6 ........							
		5 3 1 5													
										1					
							i								
3						5	2			5		5 5			
1		3 5						3		4					
												3			
j										2 57 223 8 34 61 16 130					
» 41 ' 118 I 18 2 32 5 41 1 9 5 62 S 1 7....... 9 66 9 4 0 6 1 1 2 119 3 22 i 5 5 7 6 15 7 6		57 101 11 28 70 17 72		63 145 10 35 52 21 54 4 95 4 4 2 20 34 29 4 2 12	1 2 1 1	47 120 4 26 43 8 87 3 101 3 10 5 395 39 13 6 23 19	1 1 17 1 10	101 247 9 42 61 26 100 1 105 5 5 3 609 33 18 15 58 13				99 266 7 43 93 26 97 5 105 9 13 1 19 47 18 10 36 8	1 14 1 2 2 1 4		
	2 3 1	79 8 6 6 14 24 9 6 6 8	6 2 2						6 45 1 2 2	110 4 7 2 12 43 40 13 42 5	4 4 2 1 3				
														991 48 78 32 1,389 385 185 118 241 93	
9 ....	1														
							i								
					49	8,804									
6,259	59	6,445	66	8,499			86	11,662	121	11,060	108	15,210	149	128,056	1,628
70 
554
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
         TABLE LXXXYII.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					_8(	»■!-.				
										
	July.		AUOUST.		September.					
										
	6, 877.		6,330.		6,695.		5,248.		5,753.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 7
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	20	1	60 2	5	76 2	12 2	61 1 7	8 1	12 1	
	5									
										
	48 89 56 1		53 76 34 1		41 75 95		35 74 38 3 1 244 37 40 9 15	9 I 1	18 32 29 3 1 94 43 22 6 7 1	1 3 1
										
										
										
										
	275 90 498	1	488 34 173 7 3		418 43 111 4 8					
										
										
										
	15									
										
										
										
	2				3					
										
	6 15 28 38 5		3 11 17 28 1		4 10 37 40 1		6 21 31 36		63 4 26 22 3	
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis............................................										
										
										
										
	28		12		7		2		3 1	
27. Serpent Bite........................................										
	1 14									
ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................		1	20		4		30		12	
										
	2				1 3					
			1 1						2 1	
33. Chronic Alcoholism..................................	2									
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...............................................							1 40 32 14			
	53 12 5		34 17 1		46 11 22	1			38 36 3	
										
										
										
	2 1 3 3		1				2		1	
										
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.			2		3 1		8 1	1	6 1	1
43. Scrofula............................................										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch.................................	10		15		9		13 3		8	
										
										
									!	
		........1........							499 | I3	
	1,327	3	1,103	5	1,075	15	805	21		
										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.                  555
        TABLE LXXXVII.



of the Department of the Northwest.
	1804.		1805.													
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
5,749.			6,416.		8,100.		8,106.		8,702.		6,736.		10,623.		7,278.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	5	2	7	1	1		8		19	1	7	4	8	2	284	43
2															6	1
3									6		5				23	
4 5																
	9		24		28		24		38		53		72		443	
6	31		50		40		33		46		81		102		729	
7	27		14		22		37		28		48		51		479	
F	8						15		g		18 3		4 3		61 11	
9							2		1			1				2
																
10	78		82		74		88		100		145		161	1	2,247	1
11	43	5	34	6	25	1	33	4	32	5	27		22		463	33
12	18		18		3		11		14		38		55		1,001	2
IS	2		2	1			11		6		2 23		5 23	1	54 186	
14	2	1	12		24	1	24	2	30	1		1				3 7
15 16	3 8				2 16		2 19		15 22		8 3				31 80	
			10										2			
17					1	1									1 57 48	1
18 19	2		2 14		27 7		4 8		12 2		5 11					
													6			
																
20	96		60		53		91		59		31		9		481	
21	5		4	1	4		37		48		47		24		230	1
22	12		16		10		15	1	12		21		27		252	1
23	9		11		17		30		40		41		20		332	
24	5				1				2		6		7 4 11		38 5 90	
25																
26			8		8		5		2		4					
																
27													1		2 4 892	
28 29	1 27								2 129							35
			63	2	102	3	201	10		12	230	7	60			
30 31 32			1 1								1				2 9 13 4	
	1				1 o		1 3		2							
													2			
33 34																
																
35 36															1 585	2
	41		63		42		42		55		82		49	1		
37	43		34		37		47		69		49	1	42		429	I
38 39 40 41 42 43 44	1		2		2		22		23		39		18		152	
	1		1		3 1 5				7 1 9	1	2 4 3		1		21 9 81	11
						2	'■ 2 12	2								
	9	1	9	2								1	6			
	2		3		1		3		5		7		1		30	
45	12		24		24		29		40		14		24		222	
4b 47 48													1		4	
																
			7		11		6								24	
	501	9														
			576	13	594	8	872	19	884	20	1,059	15	821	5	10,116	146
 
556
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  LXXXVIL—DEPARTMENT OF  THE NORTHWEST—Continued.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength .
LIST OF DISEASES.
       Brought forward................

CLASS  IV.—LOCAL DISEASES.
 69.
 70.


 71.
 72.
 73.
 74.
 75.
 76.
 77.
 78.
 79.
 80.

 81.
 62.
 83.
 84.
 85.
 86.
 87.
 68.
 69.
 90.

 91.
 92.
 93.
 94.
 95.
 96.
 97.
 98.
 99.
100.
101.
    Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
Apoplexy...................................
Epilepsy....................................
Headache...................................
Insanity....................................
Inflammation of Brain.......................
Inflammation of Membranes of Brain.........
Inflammation of Spinal Cord.................
Nostalgia...................................
Neuralgia..................................
Paralysis...................................
Sun-stroke..................................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
        ORDER II.—Diseases of Eye.
Amaurosis..................................
Cataract....................................
Inflammation of Conjunctiva.................
Inflammation of Iris.........................
Night Blindness.............................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
        Order HI.—Diseases of Ear.
Inflammation of Internal Ear................
Deafness.............................-......
Otorrhoea...................................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
Aneurism......................................
Valvular Disease of Heart......................
Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
Inflammation of Pericardium...................
Inflammation of Endocardium..................
Inflammation of Veins..........................
Varicose Veins.................................
Varicocele.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
  Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
Asthma......................................
Acute Bronchit is.............................
Chronic Bronchitis............................
Dropsy of Chest..............................
Hasmori hage from Nose......................
Inflammation of  Larynx.......................
Inflammation of  Lungs.......................
Inflammation of  Pleura.......................
Haemorrhage from Lungs.....................
Other Diseases of this Order..................
   ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Colic........................................
Constipation.................................
Cholera Morbus..............................
Cirrhosis of Liver............................
Dropsy from Hepatic Disease.................
Dyspepsia...................................
Diseases of Pancreas.........................
Diseases of Spleen...........................
Fistula in Ano................................
Hernia......................................
Haemorrhage from Stomach...................
Carried forward........................  i 641
1S(5 I
July.
6,877.
Cases.  Deaths.
August.
6,330.
Cases.  Deaths.
1,103
1,319
September.
6, 695.
Cases.  Deaths
1,075
28
1,297
15
16
October.
5,248.
Cases.  Deaths.
805
1,075
27
"* 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
557
TABLE LXXXVIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST—Continued.
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 70 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 8'. B7 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	1804.		•				1805.									
	DECEMBER. 5,749.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			6,416.		8,100.		8,106.		8,702.		8,736.		10,623.		7,278.	
	Cases. 501	Deaths. 9	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death.".	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			576	13	594	8	872	19	884	20	1,059	15	821	5	10,116	146
	10 15	1	4 17	1			3 35	1	5 43		2 49 1 1		6 24 1 1	1	37 317 6 5 3	3 3 1 3
					20 2											
							1	1	1	1						
																
																
			1 19 8						2 42 2		1 31		1 24 2 1		11 270 17 16 11 12 3 586 33 34 17 43 25 29 10	
	21				18		32									
											2 5 3					
	1 1		1 1				2		2							
													7			
																
	45 1		29		30 4		55 9		68 11 17 1 14 4 2		93 3 6 1 5 6 5		61 2 10 8 2 7 4			
																
					3 2											
	1 1 3		2 3 3 5				4									
					1 1		4 1									
																
	2				2		4		2	1	1		3		20 4 2 5	3 1 2
																
	1	1					1									
					1	1					1		1	1		
																
					1 1										1 32 14 40 40 429 163 3 3 52 248 124 21 164 161 607 40 2 13 139	1 1
	1 1 2 2 39 11		3 4				2		3 1 31 1 72 18 1		3		7 6 2 9 14 12			
					3 3 47 22											
			2 25 6			1 1	3 61 25				8 74 24 2					
			1 5 27 10										1 6 12 17 4 8 14 57 4	1		
	1 21 8 1 2 11 42	1		1	5 26 9 2 44 6 53	2	29 38 21 2 37 13 31	2	1 49 23 5 2 21 67	4	2 19 8 1 22 14 60	1				
																15 | 1 I i 1 1
			39 7 44													
											1					
	2 11				1 8											
			7				4		8		15		21	........j		
															1 6 G9 1	
					1 5		1 13		1 8				2 9	i		
	2		5 1								7					
	760															
		12	855	15	915	13	1,303	23	1,412	26	1,535	16	1,191	8	14, 005	180
 
558
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXVIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST-Concluded.
					ltt<>4..		;				
X h, All											
	July.		August.		September.		October.				
									November. 5,753.		
	6, 877.		6,330.		6,695.		5,248.				
											
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deathi.	
	1,641	3	1,319	5	1,297	16	1,075	27	702		
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										11!	
	16 6		7 10 2		13 5 4	2	8 3 1		10 1 1 I 1 1 7 4		
											
	8 !........										
											
	8 ,........		9		4 1 16 12 3						
						1	1 30 15 1				
	8 20 22 3 2		8 16 15								
											
											
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.									1		
			1		1		!				
							1		2	1	
	1										
	0 7 1				1				2 1		
							1 2				
					1						
									2		
	1 1										
							1				
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.					1						
123. Caries.............................................											
			3				1		1 1		
											
					1 1						
	1 4 5 11		4				1				
											
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.			8 21 5 6 4 8 10 2		6 7		1 9		6 3		
131. Boils...............................................											
											
132. Whitlow............................................	6 29 1 8 1				2 11 1 18		3 6 1 9		1 10 4 15		
											
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns...............................................											
											
											
											
138. Sprains.............................................	18		5		8 1 6 1 11 3 4		7 2 1 1 13 2 1 1 1		8		
											
	2		5 1 11 1 6						5		
											
	9 3 3 2 2 1	2 2 1						1	15 3 1 3	1	
											
											
											
			3 8								
147. Other Accidents and Injuries........................					1				6		
											
149. Order III.—Suicide.........	|							1			
											
Total................											
			1,498	5	1,441	19	1,198	29	618	18	
											
 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
559
TABLE LXXXVIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST-Concluded.
	1804		1805.													
	DECEMBER.		January. February.				March.		April.		May.		June. Total.			
5,749.			6,416. | 8,100.				8,106.		8, 702.		8, 736.		10, 623.		7,278.	
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 U4 115 116 U7 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139	Cases. ' Deaths.'		Cases. Deaths. Cases			Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	760	12	855	15	915	13	1,303	23	1,412	26	1,535	16	1,191	8	14,005	180
	29		51 ........		33 1 1	1	63 1		39 1 2	1	30 12		14 2 o	1	313 42 21 2 34 12 104 134 55 18 5 4	3 1 1 1 1 1
			\ ;													
											1 1 4 4 18 7 6 1					
	2											1	9 3 9 18 2 2			
									2 5 8 3 3							
	1 3		3		1 3 2		12 15									
	1		2													
																
			2													
					i											
					1				1 11 2 1						7 41 11 8 2 10 4 1 14 1 9 9 4 80 174 16 39 171 38 356 4	2 12 7 6
	1 1 1 1		5 1		3		5				5 1 3		2 2			
					1											
																
			1		4........		1				1 2		1 1			
																
			1 1													
	2								2		3		1			
																
					2				3 1		3					
			1													
																
	1 11		5 12 1 1 6 6 16		9 3		7 18 3 1 18 6 14		4 27 2 5 18 2 27		20 19 4 6 31 4 178		8 33 1 3 25 2 24			
	4 7 2 22				1 6 ' 1 15 1											
									..........				.	2		
	6 3		10 2 1 1 2 5 1 3		16		13 1 12 1 5 7 2		16		58		14 1 5		179 10 45 7 119 56 30 26 12 116	
140; 6 1411 1 142 2 143 1 144 3 i4.-,: 2					1				1							
											1 5 8 7					
					16 12 1 4 2 7	2		2 1	11 5 1 4	2 2		........ 19 1 6 I		2		
											7	1 ........		1 1		
140						1	1 13				1	........ 2				
147	59	1	13					2	5				3			
148																
»														1		2
150																
~	932	13	j													
			1 1,010	15	1,062	17	1,522	28	1,624	31	1,986	18 1,405		16	16,348	217
 
560
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
              TABLE LXXXVni

Abstract of  the Sickness and Mortality
Year.............................
Month...........................

Mean Strength.................
          LIST  OF DISEASES
   CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
       Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever..............................
Typhus Fever...............................
Typho-Malarial Fever.......................
Yellow Fever...............................
Remittent Fever............................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever................
Tertian Intermittent Fever..................
Quartan Intermittent Fever..................
Congestive Intermittent Fever...............
Acuto Diarrhoea.............................
Chronic Diarrhoea...........................
Acute Dysentery............................
Chronic Dysentery..........................
Erysipelas..................................
Small-pox and Varioloid.....................
Measles.....................................
Scarlet Fever...............................
Diphtheria..................................
Mumps......................................
Epidemic Catarrh...........................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
        ORDER II.—Enthetie Diseases.
Syphilis....................................
Gonorrhoea..................................
Orchitis.....................................
Stricturo of the Urethra......................
Purulent Ophthalmia. ......................
Serpent Bite................................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
        Order III.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy......................................
Purpura....................................
Delirium Tremens...........................
Inebriation..................................
Chronic Alcoholism..........................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
CLASS  II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
           Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout.............................................
36. Acute Rheumatism................................
37. Chronic Rheumatism..............................
38. Anaemia..........................................
39. Cancer............................................
40. Tumors...........................................
41. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
          Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption......................................
43. Scrofula..........................................
44. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
1804.
July.
17, 256.
Cases.  Deaths.
  320
  221
  343
   42
   15
1,118
   49
  362
   25
   42
   5
   46
 38
 31
 11

 53
163
  8
  1
  6
28

22
 1
 2
 2
 3
August.
22,578.
Cases.  Deaths.
28
394
330
302
 50
338
 15
 41
  8
 28
  3
 13
 60
 33

 74
140
  4
  2
 17
13
September.
22,435.
Cases.  Deaths
412
366
443
 70
 12
921
145
496
 41
 38
  5
 15
 51
 23

 90
218
 16
  4
  7
10
October,
28,200.
Cases.  Deaths.
53
346
429
516
 73
  8
951
138
340
 51
 42
 15
152
  4
  4
 70
181
 98
159
November,
23,511.
    CLASS  III.-PARASITIC  DISEASES.
45. Itch..........................................
46. Tape-worm...................................
47. Other Intestinal Worms.......................
48. Other Diseases of this Order..................
Carried forward.
3,220
18
3,229
25
3,702
30
110
 69
 33
4,021 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1865.
561
       TABLE LXXXVI1I.



of the Department of the Missouri.
	1864		1805.													
December. 21,174.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			15,356.		18,760.		18,624.		16,720.		18,409.		20, 550.		20,298.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	25	11	17	5	14	7	18	4	10	7	12		7	7	325	106
2 3 4 5			2	1	6 2	6 1	1 5								12 127	6 18
	9							o	3	3	4	2	11	1		
																
	182		121		101		136		113	2	149		141	3	2,691	12
fi	256		167		181		212		196		206		215		3, 053	
7	232		147		184		167		137		191		293		3,329	
8	41		39		25		29		16	3	7	2	12		437	5
9	12	3	6	4	5	1	15		5	2	8	1	1	2	126	22
10	412		226	1	204		231	2	235	4	432	3	1,005	1	7,389	21
11	231	9	92	6	84	9	67	7	55	2	111	3	100	5	1,317	56
12	126	5	59		67		56	1	75		134		355	2	2,557	35
13	35	1	23	1	5	2	23		6	1	25		14		301	10
14	61	1	41	1	40		69	1	62	3	51	1	21	1	533	9
15	24	6	80	5	66	6	42	4	37	7	26	1	11	2	330	33
16	108	1	125	9	75	6	161	2	113	12	55	4	19		1,074	48
17 18					3 6			1					2 1		9 87	1 4
	10	1	28				4		13	1		1				
19	24		34		65		80		144		116		60		615	
20	207		327		152		250		174		95		66		1,956	
21	121	1	124	1	92		62		88		127	1	103		961	8
22	95		53		54		66		52		66		58		829	
23	157		121		92		103		103		121		78		1,615	
24	14		14		7		9		10		9		11		117	
25	4		1		3		8		2		1		2		35	
26 "7	16		2		8		11		15		16		12		129	
28 29			4 23		1 21		2 32		1 46		73 90		20 82		130 369	
	9															
30 31	1 7						2 4								4 45	6
			4		1	1			7		2	1	3			
32	8		1		1		6	1		1	7		2		43	2
33 34	1	1	2				2	1	1						12	2
																
35 36							2 131		2 160		1 135				5 1,326	2
	124		102	1	105								103			
37	94	1	62		74		70		35		72	1	81		761	3
38	11		5		8		3		8		8		7		175	1
39 40 41 42					1		1 4								6 54 9 109	1 9
	4		5 3 8								4					
																
	17			1	4	2	6	1	8	1	14	2	9			
43	10		4		11		12	1	6		21		6		137	1
44 45															1 977	
	104		102		84		136		103		103		53			
46 47 48													1 2		9 10	
	1						3									
																
	2,793	41														
			2,174	36	1,852	41	2,241	28	2,041	49	2,492	23	2,967	24	34,136	421
71 
562
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXVIIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI-Continued.
					18	> 1.				
										
	July.		August.							
									•X'VKUBJg,	
	17,256.		22	578.	22,435.				—-	
							_e, jw. -^ 311>			
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases, j Deaths.		Cases. I Deaths. I Cases.			Deathi.
	3,220	18 2	3,229	25	3,702	30	4,021	41	3,404	65 1 1 1
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	5 64 1		2 47 1 1 1 8 53 3 7 8 3	1 1 1 1 1	4 67 3 1		4 102 2	1	9 71 2 1 1	
										
										
										
	1 1 4 54 5 4 17	1						2		
					8 51 2 2 5 3	1 1	1 69 1			
									2 1....... 46 !....... 1 1	
										
										
										
							9		10 1	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
										
	218 2 6 43 5		186 12 4 23 3 1 6 7 1 1		202 6 5 17 2		169 3 2 1 4 1 10 4		186 4 3 3 5 1 9 1	
										
										
										
Order HI.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
	10 15 1 1			1	4 13 2					
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
							1		2	1
										
					.......					
										
	1 1 2 5		1 1 7 7 1 6 42 16	1				1	2	1
										
				1	7 3		14 5		2	
										
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.	4 46 34				13 60 26 1 3 15 21 18 11 8 68 284 23 11 2 60 1 1 4		3 72 14		1 106 30	1 1
										
										
										
	1 7 26 9 4 10 49 234 31					4	5 9 37 23 6 11 87 233 19	4 1	2 10 54 32 7 53 36 190	
		7 1	6 56 14 5 20 80 268 26	1 1						...
										13
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic............................................										
										
								11		
										
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease.......................	1 9		2 11				1 35 1 1 3		2 20	
96. Dyspepsia...............										
97. Diseases of Pancreas...............										
98. Diseases of Spleen........	1							1 2		
| 99. Fistula in Ano.......										
| 100. Hernia........	13 1	........! 17			22 !........		31 ' ....... 15			
1 101. Hemorrhage from Stomach										
								_________		
1 Carried forward.........	4,166	29	4,193	35	4,761	36	5,016	50 4,338 | 8-'		
i .......										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
563
TABLE LXXXVIIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI-Continued.
	1804		Janu						18(	>5.						
December.				ARY.	FEBRUARY.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
	21,174.		15,356.		18,760.		18, 624.		16,720.		18,409.		20, 550.		20, 298.	
—	Cases. 2,793	Deaths. 41	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			2,174	36	1,852	41	2,241	28	2,041	49	2,492	23	2,967	24	34,136	421
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60											1 5 72 2 1 1	1 2			1 55 716 16 9 7 10 45 677 20 19 79	4 2 1 10 11 8 2 1
	6 50 2 1 1 2 3 71 1		4 52		4 25		2 62	1	5 70 1 1	1 1 1			5 34 2			
		........: 1 \ 2 2	1	2 1	1	1 1 2	2 2 2	1 1 1								
																
												1	2 1 32 3 5 1			
			9 65 4		1 53				1 42		7 63					
							78									
											1 7					
	8		8		9		1		3							
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 83 90	1 1 174 6								2 1 132 6 1 1		1 2 147 7 4				11 5 1,990 56 36 108	
					1 134 2											
			153 4				164 2 1 2						125 2 10 1			
	13 14 4 12															
			7 6 23 5		5 3 21 2		6 11 21 3		4 5 12 3		3 5 16 1		8 4 5		66 41 149 54 6 28 2 7 4 6 2 88 49 7 69 1,423 383 5 28 131 733 352 68 243	1 1 1 1 3 3 8 1 3 143 5 1 2
	1 2												1 3 1 1			
			4		2		4				8 1 3 2 1	1				
																
	1		2 1													
				1					1							
													1			
																
	7 6 2 9 216 54	1	5 4 2 5 165 53	1 2	9 4		10 1		6 2 1 3 237 48	1 1 1 19	12 5 1 6 97 14 3 1 10 46 42 10 41		7 7			
					8 186 56	2	8 141 23	1				1 9 1	3 55 15 1 2 17 28 43 3 5	1 7		
	3 25 128 24 4 17				1 6 77 37 6 24	16 2	4 11 104 28 3 10	14	6 11 79 50 5 10							
		16 1	4 77 32 4 34	33 1												
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	20 188 10	1	17 140 1		15 96 4		38 147 1		34 198 5 4		30 272 3		33 206 16		507 2,456 150 15 15 357 2 33 24 219 3	1 1
	2 22		1 24	1	2 26						1 45		1 30			
							30		45							
	25 3 22		1 3 17				2 1 9 1						1 4 22			
					1 8 1						3 22					
									21							
																
	3,954	65	3,112	78	2,678	65	3,176	47	3,097	74	3,517	39	3,713	32	45,721	635
 
564
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXVIIL—DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI-Concluded.
					lsi;i.				--	
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November. 23,5U. Cases. Death*.	
										
	17,256.		22,	)78.	22,435.		28,5	00. Deaths.		
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.			
	4,166	29	4,193 1 16 3 6 1 15 6 31 64 45 3 1	35 3 1 1 1	4,761 4 18 17 23	36	5,016 2 23 9 3 1 11 3 172 65 3 3 2	50 1 1	4,338 6 41 1 3 1 16 22 211 41 6 4 2 2	85 1 1
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	23 7 17	1 2								
										
										
										
	14 8 8 46 37 2				19 7 123 63 9 2 2	1 1				
										
										
110. Pil es...............................................										
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
113. Diabetes............................................										
	2									
										
			1 13	1	2 12 2 2		2 9 3 3 1			
	9 2 1								11 o 2 1	
										
			1 1							
120. Hydrocele..........................................										
	1 1 1 1									
Order V11I.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.			1		1 3 2 3 4 1				1 3 2	
										
			4				1			
										
	1		8				1		4 1	
										
										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System,	31 113 1 17 55 6 54		46 102 2 11 30 7 60 1	1 1 5	51 107 7 9 19 4 58 2	1	31 91 5 18 44 7 68 1	5 1	24 70 8 13 39 9 C8 1	l 2
130. Boils...............................................										
										
132. Whitlow...........................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns..............................................										
										
										
										
	41 3 6 1 24 15 6 1 11 o	1	60 3 5 1 31 17 16		54 4 5 3 172 14 7 4 5	13	61 2 2 1 254 21 14 6 2 1		40 6 4	1
										
										
										
								24	58 11 8 2	6
										
										
145. Punctured Wounds............. ....................										
		1 2	12 1	2						
								1	11	2
1 id. Ordbr II.—Homicide........										
149. Order III.—Suicide..........						1				
150. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence...										2
Total.................										
	4,734	36	4,819	51	5,607	53	5,962	83	5,093	102
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1865.
565
TABLE LXXXVIII.-DEPAETMENT OF THE MISSOURI-Concluded.
	1804.		1						1805.						—	
December. 21,174.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May		June.		j Total.	
			15,356.		18,760.		18,	624.	16,720.		18,409.		20, 550.		20,298.	
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150	Cases. 3,954 3 99 3 1 7 4 142 37 12 7 5	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
		65 1 1 3 1 1	3,112	78	2,678 1 158	65	3,176 o 72	47	3,097	74	3, 517 2 43 3 7 2 8 7 24 44 10 2 2 2	39 2	3,713 2 14 4 1	32 1	45,721 23 640 50 86 7 121 82 871 526 158 30 16 8 1 29 109 16 17 15 6 10 10 20 4 31 8 4 427 915 46 123 499 95 645 13	635 1 1 3 9 7 3 2 1 4 1 2 3 4 19 2 63 1 1 12 5 2 2
			84 1 2						49 2 16	1 1						
					1	1										
							1 10 3 32 32 10									
			3 2 35 41 5 1	1	5 37 26 5 2 1			1	10 12 38 33 7 3				6 3 18 34 9 1	1		
							1									
													2			
	1 1 9 1 4															
							2 6		12 8 3 1 3		7 8 1 1 3	1	2 7			
			6 1		11 1											
							1 1 1 1						1 4 4 2			
					1											
																
	1 2 I		2 1 1													
																
					1		2 1 I		1		2		2			
	2 2 1 45 76 4 10 49 11 61 1		1 1 1 29 56 2 7 34 12 73 1		3				2		1 1		3 2 2 29 60 8 10 60 12 56	1		
																
					33 56 4 6 47 2 36 ]		31 57 2 4 35 6 40 2		30 52 2 11 23 10 30	1	47 75 1 7 64 9 41 3					
												2	38 4 10 1 19 13	11 5		
	52 7 9		53 2 6 1 44 12 2 3		34 3 5		44 2 6		29 4 3		58 7 6 2 11 12 9 3				564 47 67 10 721 173 88 34 46 64	
	39 25 10 5 18	1		2	32 11 4	I	21 17 6 2 10 3	2 1 3	16 5 6 6 1	3 1						
													2 3 2	2 1		
																
		....	13	1 1	4	1				1	7					
																
																
	4,730	73					3,643									
			3, 650	83	3,211	68		54	3,525	82	4,059	44	4,163	54	53,196	783
 
566
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
         TABLE LXXXIX.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
Year.............................................					1804.					MBBB. 54.
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVE	
Mean Strength...................................										
	36,109.		35,764.		31,	533.	-----------------------------------------■ 30,628.		29,5	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths,	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 0
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	112 7 118	24 6 22	63 3 120	33	59	22	48 2 79	11	23	
2. Typhus Fever...................................										
3. Typho-Malarial Fever...............................				32	113	28		11	52	9
										
	951 1,932 2,172 241 66 3,272 466 884 115 73 12 128	12 4 32 20 42 31 9 1 3 19	1,309 2,481 3,283 215 110 1,972 341 838 118 69 9 29	28 4 39 7 54 52 13 3	946 3,053 2,511 336 92 1,539 356 645 145 33 11 2	15 44 12 54 34 5 1	444 2,322 1,669 179 63 993 242 599 97 20 4 4	9 15 2 39 14 14 1 1	314 1,512 1,153 122 16 740 169 438 63 35 4 6	2 5 1 26 5 6 1
										
7. Tertian Intermittent Fever..........................										
										
9. Congestive Intermittent Fever.......................										
										
										
										
										
										
15. Small-pox and Varioloid.............................										
										
17. Scarlet Fever.....................................										
	6 41 96 260 58 124 23 13 20 1 57 253 6 4 1		7 40 64 208 38 100 20 6 18 1	3	1 26 51 224 63 89 15 10 19 1 4 135 3 2 3 1	1 7	6 9 69 168 39 83 7 4 4			
								6	17 101 125 23 80 9 1 11 1	3 1 2
										
21. Other Diseases of this Order................										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis................................										
										
24. Orchitis............................										
25. Stricture of the Urethra.................										
26. Purulent Ophthalmia....................										
27. Serpent Bite.........................										
28. Other Diseases of this Order................										
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy............................		3	301 2 6 4 1	4 1 1		1	72	2	101	
										
31. Delirium Tremens...............							3 2			
									1 1	
										
34. Other Diseases of this Order............										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.	3 141 74 73 6 1 1 16 14						2 112 66 44 1 4	1 »	1 129 76 27 1	1
		1 1 3 1	140 57 68 1 5	2	123 56 102					
										
										
										
										
41. Other Diseases of this Order.............									1 7 2	5
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases. 42. Consumption..................			9 24	2 1	8 10		10 6	5		
43. Scrofula..................										
44. Other Diseases of this Order...........										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch..........	60 3 6		43		21 1 4		19		32	
46. Tape-worm......										
47. Other Intestinal Worms. .			6			1				
48. Other Diseases of this Order										
						................				69
Carried forward...	11,910	234	12,129	279	10,813	225	7,495	131	5,394	
------------- 1										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
567
      TABLE LXXXIX



of the Department of Arkansas.
	1864.		1805.													
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
29,509.			32, 502.		26,189.		23,589.		23, 863.		23, 419.		21,	)30.	28, 641.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	26	3	; 18	9	4	2	11	4	9	4	10	3	11		394	117
9			1										3 12		16 634	6 135
3 4 5	31	5	25	6	20		29	5	14	3	21	11		3		
	164	5	118	1	110		141		138	1	186	1	241		5,062	74
6	981		761		524		668		967		792		831		16,824	8
7	872		910	1	761		822		774		816		748		16,491	1
8	87		106		160		110		72		51		51		1, 730	
9	9	2	10	1	23		6	3	4	4	7	2	21	2	427	149
10	786	2	669		540		508		875		956		768		13,618	44
11	177	35	196	14	157	15	148	17	144	12	142	12	142	4	2,680	324
12	289	3	261	2	220	2	274		542	3	467	3	280	2	5,737	151
13	54	4	60	1	58	3	62		101	6	56	2	61	1	990	64
14	23	1	32	2	36	1	32	1	58	6	91	4	52	1	556	19
15	9	2	27	2	28	2	33		19	1	19	3	25	2	200	19
16	21		1		28		60	3	44	3	31	3	14		368	29
17 18																
	2		10		2		11		17		9		2		73	
19	9		17		3		51		43		32		10		298	1
20	203		451		291		344		131		107		74		1,982	
21	151	2	133	4	101		88		106	1	135	1	118		1,817	27
22	31		44	1	23		14		27		37		24		421	1
23	72		84		50		51		59		63		58		913	
24	7		14		5		13		8		11		3		135	
25 26	1 5		2 12						1				1 9		39 120	
					11		7				4					
27 28															4 64 1,723	2 14
					2	1										
29	55	1	53		64		232	1	258		131		68			
30	1		7		1		3		1		o		3		29	1
31	1				2				6		2				28 33 10 12	2 1
32 33 34			5 1				1 2		13 1		3 1					
					2							1				
													12			
35 36									1 111	3	1 118				8 1,529	7
	164	« 1	159		134		111					1	87			
37	69		101		52		66		43		63	2	47		770	3
38	19		27		30		34		25		17		11		477	2
39 40															9 25 9 89 89 1 596	
			1 2 7 6		6 1 2 4		2 1 8 10				2		3 1 4 5 1 43			
41 42 43	1 7	2		1				3	1 4 3					1		1 22 3
										1	7 5					
44 45																
	49		66		84		66		56		57					
4b 47 48	1								1		1		3			
							2								18 ! 1 1 ........	
									1					........		
	4,379	68	4,397	45	3,539	26	4,021	37	4,679	48	4,453	49	3,850	17	77,059 1,228	
 
J68
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXIX—DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS—Continued.
					18<	U			------------------■	
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVEMBBB. 29,554. Cases. Death*	
										
	36,109.		35,764.		31,533.		30,628.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		
	11,910 5 18 195 4 3 10 3 22 158 2 37 1 1 3 306 11 29 4 36 11 46 15	234 6 1 3 2 2	12,129 3 6 153 1 3 2	279 3 1 4 1	10,813 4 14 59 6 10 1	225 3 1 1	7,495 1 3 • 50 3 1 1	131 1 2 2 1	5,394 o 8 60 3 8 1 1 2 81 4	69 1 1
CLASS IV. —LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
			23 140 4 15 2 7 1 253 4 23 5 22 9 43 3 1 8 1	1 1	10 90 7 10	1 1	5 62 2			
										
										
										
										
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.					2 1 196 7 18 1 10 5 16 1					
							2 157 2 7		1 157	
										
										
									3	
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.							22 3 12		7	
										
									14 i	
									1 1 1	
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	9 1 1 1	2		1	4 2	1	3 1	2 1		
										
										
			]							
										
	3 7 12 2 14 131 26 6 7 4 53 60 6	2 7 1 1 1 1 1	2 9 9 1 15 124 41 3 16 9 51 42 16 4 162 386 52 2 12 54		1 6 8	2 o 2 1 3	1 2 1 1 12 132 24 2 3 13 52 29 8			
									9 6	
										
80. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.				1 1 4	5 79 26 7 4 13 27 40 8			1 1 8	13 180 33 1 1 11 106 41 12 8 55 120 16 2 30	1 23 1 1 1
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............................................	150 496 77 4 16 31			1	113 207 38 2 8 38	1	66 1C2 23 2 5 39	1		
										
										
										
										
										
										
	8 2 36 1				9 2 33 1		3 2 35			
99. Fistula in Ano.............			1 20 6					1	j 1 1 23	
100. Hernia..........										
101. Ilaamorrhagefrom Stomach.......										
Carried forward............								152	___	
	13,994	264	13,899	298	11,962	244	8,449		6 424 98	
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 1865.
569
TABLE LXXXIX.—DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS—Continued.
	1804.								1805.							
DECEMBER.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
	29,509.		32,502.		26,189.		23,589.		23,863.		23,419.		21,	330.	28,641.	
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	Cases. 4,379 1 4 66 1	Deaths. 68 1	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death?.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			4,397 7 5 47	45 1	3,539	26	4,021 4 13 66	37 1	4,679 2 4 70	48 2	4,453 2 6 126	49 2	3,850 1 4 109	17 1	77,059 32 91 1,051 18 32 24 11 91 1,155 43 79 6 20 10 2,535 45 130 13 165 44 192 21 3 44 6 1 5 3 7 49 58 8 111 1,967 352 33 47 242 752 479 104 61 863 2,670 280 13 70 345	1,228 22 4 1 15 8 5 1 1 1 2 0 3 1 1 3 1 7 3 2 3 132 5 3 9 3 4 1 4
					6 50											
					1 1 1 3 74 6	1	1	1	2 7	2 1	3	1		1		
			1	1												
	4 1 71 10						1 2 92 3	3					1 2 97			
			6 105 2						4 90 2 2		11 92 1 3					
													12			
	2 1 1 176 4 4 2 9 1 9		1 2	1												
							4		1		2 1 266 1 6					
																
			240 7		175 2 4		197 2 10 1 6 2 8		170 2 11				242 3 15			
																
			15 6 9		5 2 11				7 2 8 1		12 1 7		14			
													9			
							1 1 1									
			9	1	2			1	3		2		2			
																
																
	1							1	2							
			3													
										1						
	5 4		4 8		2 4	1 1	3 2 1 5 202 . 37		2 2 3 2 228 23 1 1 12 60 34 11 1 47 192 6							
													2			
																
	6 177 29 10 2 48 74 28 9 4 38 136 8	,25 1 1 2	21 304 65 2 4 63 107 42 4 32 56 190 9	1	7 195 21						6 153 14	1	5 62 13 1 5 4 30 23 7 1 62 192 26	2 1 o		
							2 26 78 41 9 8 23 184 4	1 12 1 2		15 1	2 19 53 46 8	9 1 1				
				13 2 1	20 61 53 6 3 23 149 4 1 6 16	11										
											68 256 17					
	4 15	1	7 31				1 15	1	3 26		4 32		2 18			
	1 5 18		3 3 16 1		2 1 17		2 4 6		2				1 2 5		31 23 230 9	1
																
									9		12					
	5,368	99	5,834	66	4,473	40	5,089	61	5,734	70	5,685	64	4,822	24	91,733	1,480
72 
570
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE LXXXIX.-DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS-Concluded.
					1H(34.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									November.	
	36,109. •		35, 764.		31,533.		30,628.		89,554.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Casei.	Deathi. 98
	13,994 9 56 17 6 2 20 29 190 100 5 3 1 1 1 9 22 5 3	1 264 12 2 1 1 2	13,899 44 41 15 15 4 30. 23 258 124 8 15 2 3	298 3 5 1 1 1	11,963 5 37 20 12 2 29 11 236 83 1 3	244 1 1 5 1 1 2	8,449 23 12 9 3 11 13 104 87 2 8	152 1 3 4 1	6,424	
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
										
									29 5 10 1 14 9 38 52 3 4 1 1	1 1 1 1
										
										
										
										
										
110. Piles.............................................										
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
					1		3			
										
116. Diseases of Testis...................................			1 43 4 13 2						1 9 3 5 2	
					30 9 5 6 2	1	14 6 2 3	1		
										
										
120. Hydrocele..........................................										
121. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	1									
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.			1 1 1 2				2		2	
123. Caries........................................	2 5									
					1 1 2 2		7		7	
125. Inflammation of Bones.........................										
	5									
			1						1	
128. Other Diseases of this Order.....................	1									
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	108 283 22 45 62 4 54 1	3	89 211 5 40 82 6 45 2	1	68 185 12 43 37 2 44	1	31 110 5 18 49 9 38 2		39 97 2 13 40 9 45	
131. Boils...............................										
										
132. Whitlow................................										
										
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns..................................										
										
										
										
138. Sprains.................................	60 6 4 1 69 17 5 15 7 4 1		49 1 3		38 2 3 1 36 11 4 7 5 4		45 1 4		49 2	
										
										
										
142. Gunshot Wounds........"......................		5 1 1 3	65 19 11 20 5 3	9 1		3	31 21 1	7		
143. Incised Wounds............................									26 9 3 1 2	1
144. Lacerated Wounds....................										
145. Punctured Wounds................										
146. Poisoning..........						2 1	3 1	1		
147. Other Accidents and Injuries.......										
148. Order II.—Homicide										
149. Order in.—Suicide .				1						
150. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence	|									
										
	15,252	295	15,206	321	12,962	263	9,127	170	6,986	107
										
 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
571
TABLE LXXXIX.-DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS—Concluded.
	1804.		1805.													
	DECEMBER. 29,509.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			32,502.		26,189.		23, 589.		23, 863.		23, 419.		21, 030.		28,641.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	5,368	99	5,834	66	4,473	40	5,089	61	5,734	70	5,685	64	4,822	24	91,733	1,480-
102 103			5 61				1 69		2 44		5 45		1 30		72 511	17
	33				43											
104	7		7	2	2		10		3	1	4		1		103	9
105	3		5		3	1	2		5	1	5		13	1	88	18
106			2		1		2	1	1	1	2				20	
107	8		3	1	2		5		6		9		6	1	143	5
108	9	2	16	2	3		6		4		8		9		140	7
109	24		22		18		16		22		15		35	1	978	7
110	49		62		45		52		42		76		40		812	
111			1	1	2		3		8		4		2		39	1
112 113 114	5		2				1		3		1		4		49 21 17 5 17 176	
	2 1	1	6 1		1		5	1	2 2		1 3					1 1 2
																
115 116 117	2		1 2 11						1 2 8							
					1 8						1 18					
	7						3	1					3			
118	1		2		3		4		2		3		3		45	1
119 120 191	5 2		8 1 2		3 3		6				2 1				52 20	
																
							1									
122 123 124 125 126 127 l?fl	1		1		2 1				1		3				13 7 28 3 17 9 2	1
							2						1			
	2		1						4							
																
	3 2		1			1	2		1				3 |........			
					2						1 2					
																
129	45		47		23		28		28		28		45		579	1
130	96		88		75		83		76		105		101		1,510	
131	6		7		3		5		2		8		5		82	
132	18		39		25		17		18		12		16		304	
133	50		50		50		57		28		44		31		580	
134	10		15		4		9		3		14		6		91	
135	21		44		36		46		36		45		32		486	
136 137 138															5	1 6
								1	51	1	52	1				
	62		40		24		44						45		559	
139	3		3		2		4		2		3				29	
140	1		1		2		4		5		1		4		36	
141 142	1 23					1 6	1 18	5	2 24						6 385	1 58
		8	30	4	34					2	18	4	13	1		
143	28		32		15		32		24		25		17		267	1
144	5		3	2	5		3		9		7		7		69	2
145	6		1		2 1 3				1		6				66	1
146 147 148 119 150	4 18	1	2 2						3	1	1 1		3 2		35 41	9 2 2
							1									
																
												1				
																
	5,931	111			.....i											
			6,461	78	4,920 1 49		5,636	70	6,209	77	6,264	70	5,301	28	100,255	1,639
 
572
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
         TABLE XC.



Abstract of the Mortality in the
					18(	J4.				
										
	July. 1 Auoust.				September.		October.		v	—
										
	34, 551.		32, 829.		28, 027.		24,363. 1 30,lli			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deathf.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.		255		164 1 48		125 4 62		87 3 40		103
										
		50								37
										
		58 7 8		52 7 9		46 4 6		38 2 2 3 20 24 389 56 41 5 10 7		20 10 1 1 4 28 346 44 42 4 39 9
										
										
										
		20 81 493 41 69 10 23 15		24 53 460 53 46 8 15 7		18 30 431 56 48 7 11 7				
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
		1 1		3		2 2		2 1		2
										
										
		15 2		9 1		8 2		6		6 2
Order II.—Enthctic Diseases.										
										
										
										
										
										
										1 1
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................		1 1 4		7		3		2	........	
										
						1				2
								1		
										1
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
		4 1 12		1 1 10		1 1 5		1 1 4		1 3 G
										
										
										
				1						
								1 36 1		
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.		44 3 2		34		26				28 1
										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES.										
' ' ................................................		................		j						
		........i........								
										
Carried forward.............										. 741
		1 221 1 014				906		783		
				t						
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865,
573
             TABLE XC.
General Hospitals of the  Central Region.
	1804.		1805.													
	DECEMBER. 34,274.		January. February.				March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			30,434. 28,513.				29,389.		27,293.		19,174.		11,549.		27,576.	
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48	Cases.	Deaths. 123	Cases.	Deaths. Cases.		Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths."	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
				179		116		94 5 24		97		80		81		1,504 13 371
																
		16		29		27				21		7		10		
																
		23 5 2		26 2 3		17 2		21 10 2 1 6 23 218 2 16 35 125 204 2 5	•	20 5 2		23 1		33 1 1		377 56 36 5 127 ' 358 3,779 340 363 238 698 494 3 25 5
																
																
																
		14 25 319 19 18 19 66 23		7 27 287 16 25 39 109 58 1 1		4 18 214 9 23 33 138 49				6 18 235 7 16 42 69 86		2 10 206 18 5 .27 69 25		2 21 181 19 14 9 24 4		
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
																
		4 1				4						1				
																
																
		5		4 1		3		I		1		2 1		7 1		67 10
																
																
																
																
																
																
																1 34 6 21 1 1' 1
		4 1 3		2				3 1 4		3 1 3		6 1 2		2 1 1		
																
						1										
																
																
												1				
																
		6 1 4	........	3 4 3		4		3 4 2		5 1 2		4		1		34 17 49
																
						1										
																
				1		I 2 46										3 6 477 11 3
		2 53 3								1 52						
				54 1 1				52 1				34 2		18		
																
																
																
																
																
																
_																
		759		883		712		864		693		527		431		9, 531
																
 
574
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XC.-GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION-Continued.
								----------		
	!OU4,									
Under treatment at close of month.......	July.		August.		September.		Oct	OBER. 363.	Novbmbm	
	34,551.		32,829.		28,027.		24,		30,	512.
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 783 4 1 7 4 2	Caiea,	Death*. 741 1 2 8 C
		. 1,221 4 4 15 4 1 1 1 2 4 6		1,014		906				
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
50. Epilepsy........................................... 51. Headache.......................................... 52. Insanity............................................ 53. Inflammation of Brain.......	.......			1 2 8 3 1		2 1 5				
54. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain...										
55. Inflammation of Spinal Cord........... 56. Nostalgia.............						1				
59. Sun-stroke.............	...			2 2 3		2 2		1		1
60. Other Diseases of this Order.......								]		
Order II.—Diseases of Eye. 61. Amaurosis...........										
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear. 67. Inflammation of Internal Ear...										
										
70. Other Diseases of this Order.										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.								2 2 1 1 1 1		
72. Valvular Disease of Heart...		5 2 1		4		4 2 1				3
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease........										
74. Dropsy of Pericardium				1 1						2
75. Inflammation of Pericardium___										
76. Inflammation of Endocardium ...										
77. Inflammation of Veins...										
78. Varicose Veins........										
79. Varicocele.............										
80. Other Diseases of this Order........		1 1 5 5 1		1 1 2 7				1		
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs. 81. Asthma............						1 3 10				1 3 4 2
82. Acute Bronchitis....... 83. Chronic Bronchitis.......								2 3		
84. Dropsy of Chest............										
85. Haemorrhage from Nose ..								1 1 35 2		
86. Inflammation of Larynx		2 61 5								1 70 5
87. Inflammation of Lungs...				49 1 1		22 4 2 2				
88. Inflammation of Pleura..										
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs.........										
90. Other Diseases of this Order.............		5						5		3 1
Order VI.—Disease* of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............				1						
92. Constipation.........										
93. Cholera Morbus...........		3		1		2		1		
94. Cirrhosis of Liver.........										
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease........		3		3 1		4		9		7
96. Dyspepsia..........										
97. Diseases of Pancreas ...										
98. Diseases of Spleen ...										
99. Fistula in Ano.......		1			|					1 1
100. Hernia___				1	i					
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach										
							.......1"'			
Carried forward___		1,364		1,111	1	976		871		863
■------------------------------------------------■------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
575
TABLE XC—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
1804		1805.													
DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
34,274.		30,434.		28,513.		29,389.		27,293.		19,174.		11,549.		27,576.	
Cases-	Deaths. 759 3	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			883 2 2		712 1		864 5 1		693		527		431		9,534 20 17
															
									4		1		1		
															
			1 4 4 3				2 8 11 20				1 6 6 3				9 97 55 55 2 3 14 8 20
	10 5				10 3 17				10 3 5				6 6 3		
															
															
															
							1								
	2		2		2				1						
															
........	2		1		1				1		2		3		
															
															
	'		1												1
															
															
															
															
															
<........	1														1
															
1			1 2				1 5 2 1 4 1								4 36 9 11 17 5
> )	1				2 1 2 2				5 1 1 3 1				3		
															
I ...	1														
			4 1										2 1		
															
															
															
3			1 1												1 10 8 73 84 4 1 12 1,305 45 14 45 3 1 11 1 56 1
3 I 2 3	3 2 6 7										2		1		
							2 13 8 1								
			10 17		8 7				12 10		6 3		3 3		
															
															
															
5 7 3 3 J	2 133 3 3 8				1 206 1		3		1 191				1 37 1 2 3 1 1 1		
			213 8 2 5								79				
															
							1 6								
									2		2				
					4										
															
I				i		i									
3							2 ........		1						
4 .			1 10												
5 ..	6				4		o 1				2		1		
							2 ........ J								
															
i ...															
9 ... } ..	1														3 2 1
															
1 .			1												
	958						I								
		........	1,180		984				958		645		511		11,599
															
 
576
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XC—GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION—Concluded.
					i«a_L					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									Novemb.r.	
	34,551.		32,829.		28,027.		24, 363.		30,!	
										12.
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Denthi.
		1,364 2 1 5 11 6 1 1 8		1,111 5		976	1			Hi,;i
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued. 102. Haemorrhage from Bowels...........................								2		
103. Inflammation of Tonsils.............................										
				2 5 2 o 2 1		4 8 2		4 2 2 1 1 3 1 1		4 4 4 1
										
										
										
						2 4				
										
110. Piles...............................................										1 1
		2		3		2				
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
113. Diabetes............................................						1 3		1 1		
		2		2						1
										
										
		1		2		1		2		2
										
										
120. H ydrocele..........................................		1				1				
										
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
123. Caries..............................................										
						1				
										
										
										
								1 2		
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System,		4		1		3				1
										
										
										
		2 2 5								1 1 1 1
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
				3						
						1		1 I		
		2		2						
									!	
										
		1							...J........	
				3 286 2						1 95 2
		555 1 1				171 1 1		84		
										
										
								1		
										1 5
147. Other Accidents and Injuries.........................		3 2 2		3		4		3 1 1		
148. Order II.—Homicide..................										
149. Order III.—Suicide...................				1		1				1
										
										991
Total................		1,985		1,438		1,187	........1 987			
I			........							
 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1865.
577
TABLE XC-GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION-Concluded.
	1804.								1805.							
DECEMBER. 34,274.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			30,434.		28, 513.		29,389.		27,293.		19, 174.		11,549.		27,576.	
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138	Cases.	Deaths. 958	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
				1,180 1 1 1 4 5 1 1 3		984		1,178		958		645 1		511 1		11,599 12 5 35 71 49 14 11 31 3 16
																
						2 1 6 6				1 2 9 1						
		3 3 10 4						4 11 7 3				3 1 1 1		2 7 3		
																
																
																
						1				2 2				1 2		
		7						1								
												1 1				
				2						3				1		
																
						1				1						4 11
		1										1				
																
								1 3								1 13 2
				1						1						
		2														
																
																2 1
												1				
																
																
																1
																
																
																
						1 2										2 23
				2				3		1		4				
																
				1												1
																
						2 2 1										5 29 15 11 9
								1		16 3 2 1		7				
		1		1 2												
														4 1		
		2														
																
139																
140																1 11 1,851 18 4 2 2 28 4 8
141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150		2 308 5						1 24 2 1		1 71 1		1 31 2		2 23		
				152		51 2 1										
																
																
										1						
												1 1				
		2 1		1		1		3	......	1				1		
																
						1		1								
																
		1,309														
				1,359		1,065		1,244		1,078		703		559		13,905
																
73 
578
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
                    TABLE  XCI.

Abstract  of the  Sickness  and  Mortality
Year.......................................
Month.....................................

Mean Strength, (not including Table XC).
LIST OF DISEASES.
CLASS
-ZYMOTIC  DISEASES.
       Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever.........................
Typhus Fever..........................
Typho-Malarial Fever...................
Yellow Fever..........................
Remittent Fever.......................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever...........
Tertian Intermittent Fever.............
yuartan Intermittent Fever.............
Congestive Intermittent Fever..........
Acute Diarrhoea........................
Chronic Diarrhoea......................
Acute Dysentery.......................
Chronic Dysentery.....................
Erysipelas.............................
Small-pox and Varioloid................
Measles...............................
Scarlet Fever..........................
Diphtheria.............................
Mumps.................................
Epidemio Catarrh......................
Other Diseases of this Order............
        Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.
Syphilis...............................
Gonorrhoea.............................
Orchitis................................
Stricture of the Urethra.................
Purulent Ophthalmia..................
Serpent Bite...........................
Other Diseases of this Order............
        ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy.................................
Purpura...............................
Delirium Tremens......................
Inebriation.............................
Chronic Alcoholism.....................
Other Diseases of this Order............
 CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL  DISEASES.
           Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout............................................
36. Acute Rheumatism...............................,
   Chronic Rheumatism..............................
   Anaemia.........................................,
   Cancer............................................
   Tumors...........................................
   Other Diseases of this Order............/..........
          ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption......................................
43. Scrofula..........................................
44. Other Diseases of this Order...................
    CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch...........................................
46. Tape-worm.................................
47. Other Intestinal Worms........................
48. Other Diseases of this Order.............
Carried forward.
1804.
July.
332,672.
Cases.  Deaths.
600
116
699
 6,159
 8,339
 8,018
   911
   285
21,358
 2,553
 6,153
   528
   402
    38
   368
     3
    93
   365
   499
 1,465

   722
 1,300
   107
    32
   142
     6
   102

 1,483
    24
    30
    33
     6
    5
1,336
  737
  368
    9
   35
   12

  116
   85
484
 13
 27
  3
66,174
461
 15
110
106
 14
 13
  2
 78
140
712
145
 98
 13
 32
 52
2,132
August.
344, 895.
Cases.  Deaths.
 17
778
 7,871
10,252
 9,839
 1,109
   312
20,627
 2,662
 6,178
   524
   380
    42
   155
    4
    66
   227
   613
 1,548

   821
 1,236
   114
    22
   141
    5
    22

 1,620
    12
    40
    30
    23
    2
1,406
  915
  345
    2
   40
   22

  125
  100
423
  8
 22
71,368
337
  5
128
136
 17
 10
106
101
740
176
104
 10
 18
 13
2,030
September.
319,709.
October.
                               November.

                                 318,212.
Cases.  Deaths. \ Cases.  Deaths.  Cases. ' Death-
317,627.
763
 10
552
 4,957
10,190
 8,616
   928
   345
14,814
 2,583
 5,202
   588
   250
    35
    70
   53
  101
  651
1, 224

  733
1,029
   94
   17
  105
    7
   39

1,523
   13
   27
   37
    4
   15
    1
1,193
  784
  312
    4
   21
   11

   97
   76
    1
259
 10
 24
278
  4
144
58,368
  7
  1
105
 74
722
182
101
 10
 12
  9
24
26
433
  4
 3,444
 9,197
 6,680
   847
   210
11,885
 1,905
 4,190
   488
   246
    56
   284
     4
    53
   176
 1,173
 1,180

   649
 1,012
   106
    18
    76
     3
664
  6
 33
 35
  7
   12
1,363
  718
  195
   2
   32
   6
 56
  6


422
 13
 19
1,857   48,403
190
  5
 96
 87
 11
  3
  4
 65
 53
704
152
1,601 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
579
    TABLE XCI.



of the Central Region.
	1804		1S05.													
December. 322,590.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			337,341.		312, 308.		318,886.		320,	348.	327, 995.		247,	377.	318, 522.	
~	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	332	205	441	246	223	187	312	158	238	171	234	149	203	125	4,827	2,680
2	5		11		14	6	2	5	4	o	1		7	2	199	44
3 4 5	341	36	285	52	134	38	336	49	375	44	265	32	352	27	4,742	812
	2,548	47	2,571	45	2,204	25	2,626	45	2,589	35	3,211	49	2,D02	50	43, 749	750
6	5,029	5	4,699	3	3,857	2	4,720	16	5,473	8	5,418	8	4,704	4	77,705	108
7	4,811	2	4,656	4	3,766	1	4,606	2	4,831	5	5,051		4,161	3	70,153	51
8	555	1	594		505	1	524	2	464	3	477	2	408	1	7,941	18
9	83	27	70	21	98	17	127	29	61	29	240	19	150	19	2,126	551
10	11,366	37	10,176	52	7,211	25	10, 643	50	11,040	33	12,886	26	11,079	38	153,003	666
11	2,262	446	1,831	408	1,577	359	1,893	341	1,604	358	2,537	310	1,664	248	24,592	5,795
12	2,424	47	2,285	50	1,585	29	2,164	15	3,197	22	3,770	32	2,781	43	42, 703	972
13	321	41	292	41	195	43	277	24	307	27	414	15	297	22	4,586	660
14	323	32	339	49	460	48	505	56	470	66	437	46	282	15	4,338	361
15	210	92	333	140	357	163	358	165	292	111	203	89	91	36	2,118	919
16	1,044	61	814	86	697	82	1,909	309	816	204	321	64	97	7	6,997	923
17 18	1 65	6	1 159	1 1	17 119	1 7	6 115	3 7	106	1 4			3 23	1	44 958	7 45
											49	5				
19	345	2	413		381		1,049	1	895		536		235		5,012	13
20	2,351		3,091		3,090		2,966		1,428		915		642		19,183	
21	1,152	10	1,065	17	921	5	1,048	15	1,272	16	1,344	9	1,088	8	14,182	184
22	810	1	735	3	621		642	1	602		626	1	608	1	8,194	18
23	1,083		956		860		930		897		906		923		12,161	
24	116		108		96		122		116		100		78		1,240	1
25	12		8		20		19		17		13		17		211	1
26	98		73		107		129		101		175		106		1,331	
27 28	1 1				6 4				2 5		2 78		1 25		35 321	3
			8			1	7									
29	276	6	375	6	366	3	803	15	1,207	16	1,192	17	687	2	10, 694	134
30	21	1	45		16		13	1	30	1	56	1	9	1	247	9
31	28	3	24	1	26	4	13	6	35	3	21	3	21	2	320	41
32	22		16		14		22	2	33	1	36		39	2	349	9
33	3	1	5		3	1	7	2	2		5	2	4		74	7
34	1				1		9		6		........	1	13		45	1
35	1		2		12		7		8		4		3		58	
36	1,672	8	1,930	7	1,522	4	1,540	4	1,695	14	1,660	7	998	3	17, 765	64
37	1,083	3	1,098	4	844	1	947	6	910	1	826	4	532		10,178	41
38	89	4	100	4	101	2	113	2	152	3	144		92		2,115	58
39 40	1 15				1 18	1	2 17		2 27		2 25	1	1 20		29 283	2 3
			20	1												
41	23	3	8		5	2	9		13	1	7		15	1	138	13
42	85	62	79	71	69	64	89	74	85	63	88	43	74	25	1,075	656
43	47	4	52	1	44	1	75	2	71		89	2	51	2	790	20
44 45	1 651			1	3 698		2 906		1 915		4 835		8 440		31 7,269	3
			789													
46	4		8		15		11		7		6		7		108	
47	8		9		4		12		20		10		7		166	2
48	3		7		11		8		3				2		37	
																
	41,723	1,193	40,587	1,315	32,898	1,123	42, 640	1,407	42,426	1,242	45,219	937	35,950	688	564,425	16,645
 
580
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XCL—CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
 73.
 74.
 75.
 76.
 77.
 78.
 79.
 80.


 81.
 82.
 83.
 84.
 85.
 86.
 87.
 68.
 89.
 90.

 91.
 92.
 93.
 94.
 95.
 96.
 97.
 i'e.
 99.
100.
101.
 Year........................................
 Month.......................................

 Mean Strength, (notincluding Table XC)...

           LIST OF DISEASES.

           Brought forward..................

    CLASS  IV.—LOCAL  DISEASES.

    Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
Apoplexy.....................................
Epilepsy......................................
Headache............................:........
Insanity......................................
Inflammation of Brain.........................
Inflammation of Membranes of Brain...........
Inflammation of Spinal Cord.  .................
Nostalgia.....................................
Neuralgia....................................
Paralysis.....................................
Sun-stroke....................................
Other Diseases of this Order...................
         Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
Amaurosis....................................
Cataract......................................
Inflammation of Conjunctiva...................
Inflammation of Iris...........................
Night Blindness..........................:___
Other Diseases of this Order...................
         Order III.—Diseases of Ear.
Inflammation of Internal Ear..................
Deafness......................................
Otorrhoea.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order...................
 Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of  Circulation
Aneurism.....................................
Valvular Disease of Heart.....................
Dropsy from Heart Disease....................
Dropsy of Pericardium........................
Inflammation of Pericardium..................
Inflammation of Endocardium___.............
Inflammation of Veins.........................
Varicose  Veins................................
Varicocele....................................
Other Diseases of this Order...................
  Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
Asthma.......................................
Acute Bronchitis..............................
Chronic Bronchitis............................
Dropsy of Chest..............................
Hemorrhage from Nose.......................
Inflammation of Larynx.......................
Inflammation of Lungs........................
Inflammation of Pleura........................
Haemorrhage from Lungs......................
Other Diseases of this Order...................
   Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Colic.........................................
Constipation..................................
Cholera Morbus...............................
Cirrhosis of Liver.............................
Dropsy from Hepatic Disease..................
Dyspepsia....................................
Diseases of Pancreas..........................
Diseases  of Spleen............................
Fistula in Ano...............................
Hernia...........................
Haemorrhage from Stomach...................

           Carried forward.............
1 *<>■!.
July.
332, 672.
Cases.
66,174
  13
  86
,263
  33
  16
  12
   7
  97
,142
  33
 369
  23
,507
  75
 305
  65

 151
  32
 158
  87

   4
  34
  15
   4
 11
 64
 56
 22

 86
834
160
 14
 30
 79
347
273
 59
 89
78, 941
Deaths.
  2
118
  7
  2
  9

  2
  1
  6
2,412
August.
344, 895.
Cases.
   13
   94
1,228
   21
   14
    3
   12
   73
1,056
   19
  146
   16

   17
    5
1,324
   34
  395
   46

   91
   32
  173
   62
    3
   72
   85
   35

   80
  806
  240
    5
   21
   56
  323
  266
   84
   97

1,422
2,181
  628
    3
   80
  390
    1
   13
   27
  260
    9
83, 497
Deaths.
2,030
September.
319,709.
Cases.
58,368
   13
   90
  750
   27
   14
    4
   14
   83
  663
   36
   39
   17

   24
   11
1,223
   33
  269
   -24

   89
   21
  102
   55


    2
   36
    6
    3
    8
    4
    2
   56
   41
    5

  107
  810
  205
   13
   21
   88
  250
  256
   54
   66

1,036
1,647
  323
   13
   74
  338
    2
   21
   28
  216
    6
67, 706   2,031
Deaths.

1,857
October.
317, 627.
Cases.
48,403
    4
   83
  740
   17
    7
    1
   11
   63
  582
   24
    7
   13


   17
    6
1,082
   27
  161
    2

   74
   20
   66
    9
   31
   5
   1
   9
   2
   1
   57
   35
   24

   96
1,159
  139
   8
   19
   93
  421
  264
   71
  133

  882
1,364
  206
   5
   58
  309
   1
   21
   23
Deaths.
1,601
57,069   1,775
46,851 J 1,344
(1  l,dTI  j 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
581
TABLE XCL—CENTRAL REGION—Continued
	1804.		1805.													
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
	322,590.		337,341.		312,	308.	318,886.		322, 648.		327,995. (		247,377.		318,522.	
	Cases. | Deaths, j		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death.'.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
																
	41,723	1,193	40,587	1,315	32,898	1,123	42,640	1,407	42,426	1,242	45,219	937	35,950	688	564, 425	16, 645
>41	5	6	13	6	5	6	8	8	10	8	7	5	o	3	97	93
50	96	2	83	4	85	3	97	7	77	8	91	3	96	1	1,079	51
51	527		649		584		664		824		925		660		9,296	
52	11	fc	13	2	17	1	12	2	17		17	1	19		217	17
53	13	16	8	10	24	24	27	23	4	19	11	16	6	11	159	196
54	8	8	7	9	9	5	7	14	10	6	6	10	2	10	76	104
55	20	2	13	4	15	22	14	37	10	7	2	4	6	3	127	88
56	40		56	2	53	2	50	1	42		68	2	47		724	15
57	790		807		685		746	1	753		• 840	1	540		9,204	4
58	32	2	40	3	43	4	25		28	2	25	1	15		330	27
59 60					1 25				32 17	1 10	100 26	2 3	57 7	2 3	751 219	29 47
	24	2	20	2		9	11	5								
61	12		18		6		12		13		18		21		176	
62	5		6		13		4		5		5		5		81	
63	1,057		1,103	1	970		1,172		1,199		1,474		1,098		14,160	1
64	23		26		23		45		37		55		40		435	
65	35		18		18		68		146		102		139		1,736	
66	19		18		10		15		10		7		17		242	
67	60		89		63		65		74		69		68		940	
68	23		36		25		45		36		26		23		335	
69	85	1	111		101		111		84		96		89		1,250	1
70	9		18		7		12		17		2		2		287	
71 72	1 29			1 5			1 38	1 10	1 42	11	6 62	3	3 43	7	21 449	4 89
		2	43		30	6										
73	11		11	2	6	5	6	5	7	2	3		10		97	31
74	9	3	3		6	4	3	4	3	2	6	2	i'		52	24
75	8	2	7	5	10	4	4	5	9	3	13	1	9	5	100	32
76	2	1	3	1	1		5	1	3	3	3	1	3	1	48	13
77 78			2 52		2 44		2 62		2 63	1	3 54				28 675	2
	5S												36			
79	35		32	1	23		29		40		33		38		478	1
80	10	3	3	2	12	1	4	3	37	2	6	5	5	1	170	33
81	103	3	108		84	1	103	2	83	1	84		70		1,091	13
82	1,811	7	2,086	16	1,790	13	1,607	19	1,532	14	1,164	10	639	3	15,713	104
83	281	8	334	18	379	9	422	12	239	11	277	5	150	5	3,080	106
84	24	1	9		3		5	1	5	3	13	1	9	1	115	16
87	21		27		34		43		26		23		24		298	4
86	225	3	280	2	176	1	252	4	121	1	104	1	64	1	1,649	22
87	894	222	1,023	340	969	315	1,113	395	738	339	505	147	243	55	7,465	2,251
88	365	6	427	11	393	6	408	8	342	11	337	5	216	4	3,839	77
89	70	4	55	2	45	1	57	1	50	1	59	3	46	3	697	27
90	180	12	306	9	320	8	209	12	119	6	118	2	51	5	1,879	83
91	730	1	611	1	416		485		676		765		687	1	9,759	11
92	1,434		1,342		1,084		1,823		1,859		2,077		1,573	1	19,973	5
93	138	4	85	1	71	3	62	4	128	1	224	2	365	4	2,964	41
94 95	9 63	10	5 89	1 15	4 64				12 54	1 6	4 74	2	1 30	1	65 752	3 84
						4	39	7								
96	223		243		177		260		299		344		237		3,374	3
97 98													1. 8		9 225	
	31		7		11		31		9		43					
99	30	1	26		20		31		23		25		19		287	5 !
100	183	1	164		146		118	1	164		217		165		2,212	4
101	7		4	1	2		6		2		7		3	........	57	2 i
»	51,597	1,528	51,186	1,792	42,002	1,580	53, 084	2,000	52,559	1,722	55,844	1,175	43,661	819	683,997	20,408 |
 
582
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XCL—CENTRAL REGION-Concluded.
Year......................................
Month.....................................
Mean Strength, (not including Table XC).
LIST OF DISEASES.
              Brought forward......................

ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
102. Haemorrhage from Bowels.....
103. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
104. Inflammation of Stomach......
105. Inflammation of Bowels.......
106. Inflammation of Peritonaeum...
107. Acute Inflammation of Liver...
108. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
109. Jaundice......................
110. Piles..........................
111. Other Diseases of this Order...
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
112. Stone and Gravel............
113. Diabetes....................
114. Bright's Disease............
115. Diseases of Prostate.........
116. Diseases of Testis...........
117. Inflammation of Kidneys---
118. Inflammation of Bladder.....
119. Incontinence of Urine.......
120. Hydrocele..................
121. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis..................
123. Caries.....................
124. Inflammation of Joints.......
125. Inflammation of Bones.......
126. Inflammation of Periosteum..
127. Necrosis....................
128. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
129. Abscess.......
131. Boils.........
131. Carbuncle.....
132. Whitlow......
133. Skin Diseases.
CLASS  V.
WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS,  AND
    INJURIES.
      Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns........................................
135. Contusions...................................
136. Concussion of Brain...........................
137. Drowning.....................................
138. Sprains......................................
139. Dislocation..................................
140. Simple Fractures.............................
141. Compound Fractures.........................
142. Gunshot Wounds.............................
143. Incised Wounds..............................
144. Lacerated Wounds...........................
145. Punctured Wounds...........................
146. Poisoning....................................
147. Other Accidents and Injuries.................

148. Order II.—Homicide........................
Order III.—Suicide..............

Order IV.—Execution of Sentence .
Total.
1H(54.
332,672.
Cases. ; Deaths.
78,941   2, 412
 34
356
 92
 69
  9
165
101
925
853
174
 38
 15
 24
  3
 26
156
 42
 53
 13
113
488
 15
  450
   27
   44
   35
6,119
  167
   75
   71
   57
  109
  797
1,858
  137
  332  .......
  621  ,     2
August.
    2
    4
1,015
    2
    3
    3
344,895.
Cases.
93,688 , 3,602
83,497
   62
  295
   70
   79
   14
  188
  115
1,279
  862
  133
 52
 15
 28
  1
 31
170
 18
 45
 18
  4
  699
1,992
  143
  262
  637
110
466
 21
Deaths.
  437
   13
   46
   15
3,263
  186
  108
   74
   58
   38
2,230
95,621
September.
319,709.
Cases.
794
  7
   37
  304
   78
   71
    9
  166
   93
1,068
  708
   71
3,174
 16
125
 28
 45
 17
 11
  539
1,516
  145
  214
  495
 91
367
Deaths.
2,031
  378
   19
   43
   12
1,855
  128
   54
   47
   53
   30
76,705
October.
317,627.
Cases.
57,069
 14
326
 65
 52
  9
124
 43
987
649
 64
Deaths.
  1
466
  3
  2
2,611
  389
1,022
   81
  148
  431
 83
419
November.

  318,212.
Cases. Death*
46,851  1,344
  483
   31
   51
   37
1,159
  143
   72
   26
   22
   42
64,380
  3
230
 13
323
 32
 34
  4
 95
 78
883
561
 43
2,094
  533
  25
  54
   9
1,531
  197
  80
  39
  16
  47
54,105
156
 2 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30,  1865
583
TABLE XCL—CENTRAL REGION-Concluded.
1804		•	1805.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	322,590.		337,341.		312, 308.		318,886.		322,648.		327, 995.		247, 377.		318,522.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths .	Cases.	Deaths.
	51,597	1,528	51,186	1,792	42,002	1,580	53, 084	2,000	52,559	1,722	55,844	1,175	43, 661	819	683,997	20, 408
	12	2	54	2	29		15	1	16		25	2	19	1	330	42
103	501		609	1	705	2	899		541	2	384		195		5,438	9
104	58	3	46	7	42	3	38	5	40	6	63	6	49	4	673	76
	32	6	37	9	36	14	51	17	64	15	57	3	42	10	624	160
infi	4	13	9	9	8	8	11	10	6	3	9	5	5	5	97	87
107	79	4	95	4	63		91	4	129	2	144	1	114	1	1,453	32
108	96	2	68	4	42	2	50	2	54	2	89		84	2	913	31
109	802	7	656	4	437	1	396	2	451	2	366	2	456	5	8,716	59
110	632		675		413	1	514		528		638	1	444		7,477	5
111	39	1	39	4	27		35	1	89	4	59	3	42	2	815	27
m	52	1	21		10		18		43		47	1	25		416	2
113	20	1	15		11	1	11	1	13	1	15		5		162	7
114	18	o	26		22		9		15	1	16	1	10		229	16
115 116	3 12		1		3				2		1		1		15	
			14		16		12	1	24		15		7		200	1
117	85		95	1	99	1	88	4	130	1	107	1	83	1	1,307	20
118	22	2	20		21		21		16		27		20		283	3
119	44		32		33		33		19		21		21		400	
120	15		6		17		12		12		12		12		153	3
121	24		13		15		6		5		9	1	16		121	1
122	4		12		7		7		3		27		13		120	
123	2		7		8		4		2		8		14		90	
124	18		32		34		11		25		40		14		318	1
195	5		r		3		1		1		1		5		32	
196	8		8		9	1	8		21		17	1	8		147	2
197	7		18		10		6	1	6		11		13		105	1
128 129	4		1		2	1			3		7		2		36	2
	366		362	0	329	2	350	3	380	1	382	4	290		5,222	26
130	900		911		723		802		991		1,016		755		13,415	
131	81		58	1	50		52		63		75		47		983	2
132	149		186		1G0		135		174		152		134		2,186	
133	445		449		349	2	391		334		364		306		5,157	. 5
134	131		144		123	3	100	3	102	16	206	7	83	1	1,422	35
135	445	3	430	1	334	2	427	1	417	3	673	1	346	2	5,265	31
136	6		3	3	14	2	10	5	3	6	10		10	7	113	38
137		11		13		3		11		15		15		36		178
																
138	511		476		533		588		521		802		381		6,093	
139	33		30		30	1	31		28		38		29		334	3
140	56		41		50		67		50		50		57		609	2
141	36	3	16	1	10	1	53	2	9	1	10	2	3	4	245	32
142	2,789	378	286	177	462	98	2,229	214	1,177	169	175	55	145	38	21,190	3,790
143	225	7	289		220	4	228	4	203	2	186	3	149		2,321	34
144	98		36	2	82	2	56	3	58	3	92		54		865	25
145	42		44		28		37	1	57	6	62	1	22	1	549	13
146	35		18	1	20		56	2	76		60	1	66		537	7
147	235	7	148	7	110	10	82	30	48	6	176	9	81	9	1,146	152
148		3		1		1		2		3		2		3		30
																
149		1		3		1		1		4		5		6		38
																
150																6
																
1	60,778	1,985	57,722	2,049	47,751	1,747	61,125	2,331	59,508	1,996	62,588	1,308	48,348	957	782,319	25,442
 
 
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.           585
                         PACIFIC  REGION.

    The  reports from the Pacific Region have been consolidated into two tables, as
follows:

    1. The Department of New Mexico.....Table  XCII.
    2. The Department of the Pacific  '.....Table XCIII.
        To these are added—
    3. A consolidated table for the Pacific Region     -            Table XCIV

             1.  The Department of New  Mexico—Table XCII.

    This table embraces the reports received from stations in New Mexico and Colorado.

             2.  The Department of the Pacific—Table XCIII.

    This table embraces the reports received from  all stations west of New Mexico and
Colorado.
CONSOLIDATED TABLE FOR THE UNITED  STATES—TABLE XCV.

This table is prepared by consolidating Tables LXXXII, XCI, and XCIV.
74 
5S6               sickness and mortality  of  white troops
           TABLE XCII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1HI	1.1				
										
	July.		August.		September. 1 October.					
									November.	
	4,445.		4, 622.		3,722.		4,857.		3,94a	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths. Cases.			Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	3		1		2		7	1		1
										
							11			
								1		
	16 26 13 2		29 41 5 1		7 16 14		60 42 10		15 24 6	1
										
										
										
					6 191 1 7 1					
	112		77 2 21 1 1	1			123 4 23 2	1 1 1	51 7 10 1 4 2	
										
	12 4 3									
										
										
					1					
	1									
17. Scarlet Fever.......................................										
		1								
	1 8 1 46 60 12 3 1 1 6 4		1 4 2 70 43 4		1 1 2 61 43 11 1 2		1 10 5 65 37 5			
									13 17 63 21 10 1	1
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis................................										
										
24. Orchitis....................................										
25. Stricture of the Urethra.............................										
			1							
27. Serpent Bite........................................										
			1		3 1		3 3		1 4	
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................										
										
	2 7		4 5 1						1 2	
					14 1	1	2 1			
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	26 21		30 18 1		30 7				21 16	
							i			
								1		
					1					
								........1		
41. Other Diseases of this Order.........................									4	
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.	2 3				1 1					
43. Scrofula............................................										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch...............					5		2 3	.......1 3		
46. Tape-worm...........										
47. Other Intestinal Worms..........			1					i		
										
Carried forward.......										
	396	1	365	1	432	1	479	5	297 I 3	
----										J______J
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.                  587








           TABLE XCII.
of the Department of New Mexico.
	1804.		18(35.													
	December.		Januaby. | February.				March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	3,098.		3,404. 3,601.				3,931.		3,228.		3, 052.		4,486.		3,866.	
	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.; Cases.		Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 1	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39	4	2							2			1	1		21	5
				;												
			1	1											12	1
																
	4 4 18		4 15 21		3 25 10		8 13 7		5 4 10 2 6 26 1 2		15 12 13		36 74 24		202 296 151 5 19 809 35 130 13 28 3 47 3 1 7 194 69 679 402 77 8 6 3 28 206	1 1 4 1 2 1 2
	2 15 3 3		1 32 2 1	!			1 28	1 1			3 37 3 3 1 2		j			
				1	28 4 6 1 5							1	89 1........ 8 '........ 38 ........			
							4									
	4		4				1		2				2			
			4						9		7		26			
	3															
			1													
	1 19 1 29 19 3						2 10 11 73 25 2 2									
			50 6 51 26 9		46 4 45 30 1			1	19 1 60 37 9 1 1		8 1 68 28 7		6 18 48 33 4			
											1 2					
																
			2		1		3 4		5 30				3 120			
										-	40					
																
	2 5		2 7		1 1 2		5 1 2	1	1 3	1					18 48 9	2 1
											1					
													2			
																
											1 19 10 1				1 357 173 10 1	1
	30 13 1		27 16 4		41 13 1		27 12		30 12 1				31 20 1			
																
40																
41							4 1		4 2				1 2 1		13 10 8	2
42			2							2						
43											3					
44 45																
			1 2				1 1								12 11 1	
46					2				1		2					
47																
48																
	183	2														
			291	2	270		248	4	286	3	289	2	590		! 4,126 l	24 1
 
588
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCII.—DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO-Continued.
					1HR1.					
	_									
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									NOVEIIBRR.	
	4, 445.		4,622.		3,722.		4,857.			
									3,94a	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	DeaUu.
	396	1	365	1	432	1	479 S	5	297	3
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseasesof Nervous System.										
	1 8 1		1 10 1				1 5		1 3 1	
					6					
										
										
										
										
	3 7									
			4		1		10		7	
										
					1					
	2								7	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
			.							
	13 1 1 4 1		12		22		36 1 1 1		28	
										
										
			8 1		3 1				2	
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
	1 2		1 4		1 1				1 1	
70. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
72. Valvular Disease of Heart...........................	4					1	1		2	1
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease..........................										
74. Dropsy of Pericardium..............................										
75. Inflammation of Pericardium.........................							1 1			
76. Inflammation of Endocardium......................										1
					1					
										
										
			1 1 7							
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.	1 10 3				3 3 1					
							6		5 1	
										
										
					1				1	
	1 1 7		4 3 6		11 2 1 1		6 7 5 1	1 1	1 22 3 1 7 3 32 1	1 .....
										
										
										
90. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	2 10 107 4									
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...................................		1	13 57 9		2 38 3		9 28 2			
										
										
										
			1 13		1 9				i	
96. Dyspepsia.............	21						10		9	|........
										
98. Diseases of Spleen...........			1				1			
99. Fistula in Ano.........										
100. Hernia........	3 1				1		" 4 1.......		2	
101. Hasmorrhage from Stomach......										
Carried forward.......	616	2	523	1	544	2	616 i ? ' <38			6
-----------										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 18G5.                      589
TABLE XCII.—DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO-Continued.
	1804.		1805.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
3,098.			3,404.		3,601.		3,931.		3,228.		3,052.		4,486.		3, 866.	
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 Co 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 | 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 96 99 100 101	Cases. 183	Deaths. 2	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			291	2	270 1 1 1 1	1	248 1 3 5	4 1 1	286	3	289 1 1 4 1	2	590		4,126 3 16 86 7	24 2 1 1
	1 1		2 1						2 4				2 38 2			
										1						
			1						1						2 5 3 108 5 1 17 3 1 174 9 7 23 11 3 12 9	
					3		1						1			
																
	4		10		7 1		15 2		21 1		15		7 1			
	'															
							7				1 2					
		........											1			
	1 2															
			6 1 1 1		6 3 1 2		10		4 1		10 1 1		25 1 1 2 3 . 1			
	1															
																
							5									
					1 3				1 1							
	1 1		1								2					
																
																
	1						1						2	1	11	3
																
						1										1 1 1
									1 2	1					2 4	
			1													
																
			1 1								1				2 1 3 8 158 30	1 1 1
																
	1 2 4 1				1	1										
							1 24 2									
			15 4		18 4	1		1	31 3		12		23 11			
																
																
	2 27 1	! i	17 6 6	2	5 9 4				3 8	1	6 6 3	1	2-5 1 2	1	58 106 38 6 39 81 481 21	1 11 1
						3	10 1	1								
									1 7 5 30							
	4 2 25				15 6 30		3 2 27 1				1 2 46					
			4 9										23 52 1			
																
															2 88	
			4		4		6		1		5		0			
		"'j														
		i													2 1 18 2	
		1														
			2				1	2			1		2 1			
																
		1					.....1 '									
	265	2 i	385	4	397	7	376 1 8		416	6	411	3	806	2	5,793	50
 
590
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCII.—DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO—Concluded
					1WI1.I					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		— -----	
									November,	
	4,445.		4,622.		3,722.		4,857.		3,9	
										<a
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	iMitlu.
	616 2 4	2	523	1	544	2	616	7	438 1 10 1 1	-
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										6
			3		17 1 o		17			
										
										
							1 1 2	1 1		
	2 1 o 13 1 1		1		2 1					
										
			2 6 1						2 3	
110. Pil es.............................................					6 1		7 2			
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.									1 1 1	
113. Diabetes............................................										
										
										
	1 1		1 1							
					o				1	
										
			1				1			
										
121. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	1									
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
123. Caries............................... ) ..					1		1 1			
124. Inflammation of Joints.................. 1										
125. Inflammation of Bones............			1							
126. Inflammation of Periosteum.................. ■										
										
128. Other Diseases of this Order................ 1							1 7 7 1 2 3 I 26			
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System	5 6 2 1 6 1 20		4 5		4 8 2 5 4 2 37				4 12	
130. Boils....................................										
										
132. Whitlow................................			3 7						0 6	
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
			27						25	
										
		1								
	16		3 3		11 2 1		11		9 1 4 1	
										
	2						3			
										
142. Gunshot Wounds....................................	7 8 13 3 8	1	2 14 6		5 9 7 2 6 3		50 10 1 1 o 1	4	20 i 5 1	
								7 :........'		
										
145. Punctured Wounds..................................									i _,	
			7 2					1		
147. Other Accidents and Injuries................									3	
										
										
										I
Total.............									554	11
	743	4	623	1	685					
---------										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30,  1865.
591
TABLE XCII.-DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO—Concluded.
	"lioZ !| 1805.															
	December. | January.				February.		March. April.				May.		June.		Total.	
	3,098.		3,404.		3, 601.		3,931.		3,228.		3,052.		4, 486.		3, 866.	
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 HI 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	265	2	385	4	397	7	376 1 16	8	416	6	411	3	806 1 10 3 3	2	5,793 5 110 6 10 1 20 10 15 67 12 5 1 1 1 5 17 3 2	50 1 1 2
	8		14		7				1		3 1	1				
	3						1									
																
	1 1 2 4		1 1 1 5		2 1 3 2	1	3 2		3				4 1 3 7			
																
																
							3		8 7 1		3					
	1		1													
																
																
							1									
			1 3 1						1 1				I 1 2			
	2						3				2					
																
																
																
	1												1		3	
																
							1 6								3 46 1	
	1	'			1				5		12		20			
																
																
	1										1 1 2 6 1 3 7 4 14				2 2 51 88 11 24 94 18 272	
																
	2 7 2 1 8		2 10 1 1 4 1 20		2 1		9 6		6 4				4 16 2 1 28			
					2 1 5 20		2 4 3 27		1 16 1 4							
	21												31			
										1	3 1	4				6 20 2-2 4
	9		17 2 3		8 1 6		7 2 1 1 7 12 1 1	.1	7 1 1 1 1 2 3 1				36		137 13 25 4 163 83 47 17 29 28	
	1 1 40 1 4 5												3			
																
		2 2	9 10 5	2	5 6 5					1	5 3 1 1	1	12 1 1 3 5 1	3		
					1 4	1										
	5	1	5	2			4		......	1						
																
														2		2
																
	397						500									
		7	503	8	480	9		9	492	9	485	9	1,007	7	7,245	90
 
592
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF WHITE  TROOPS
           TABLE XCIII.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1«flZl					
	~*~*									
	JULY.		August.		September.		October. nove			
										-BKR.
	7,790.		7,699.		7,512.		6,209. 6,4			---
										a.
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases,	1				7		1	1	3	
										
			1		5				5	
										
	50 23 25 9		77 81 45 11	1	36 67 35 7		32 93 31 5		4 55 20 12 1 92 5 19	
										
										
										
										
	136 4 10	1	250 3 24 1 3	1	' 115 4 44					
						1	11 30 2 3			
										
										
	5.				1				2	
										
	1		1		5		3		2	
										
	1 1 27 1 74 37 10		1 2 30				,4		1	
				1	2 40 1 100 41 6 4 2					
							24		82 9 114 78 15 2	
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Svphilis...........................................			92 35 6 3 1				103 58 7			
										
24. Orchitis.....................................										
										
	1									
27. Serpent Bite........................................										
					1 2		2 2			
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................	8 1 8 19 5		2							
									1 4 18	
		1	8 20 1	1	1 15 3 1		2 15 1			
										
										
									4	
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout..........................................			2 63 38 2							
	58 39 2 1	1			70 31		54 64 7	........! 66		
										
									1	
										
			2		1 2 2	........ 1 ........! 2 ........ 0 ........ 1		........1 2 l		
	1 1 1 1 4 3 1									
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.		1	4 3	1					8	
43. Scrofula.............................										
44. Other Diseases of this Order....................										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch.............			2			!			1	
46. Tape-worm...........					1				1	
47. Other Intestinal Worms........							1	! I .......		
48. Other Diseases of this Order..								i		
						i				|______I
Carried forward.......	569	4	814	5	654	i	691	l 1 em		i 1
—---------------------------------------------------------------------- ■ , . ...										J_____'
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
593
        TABLE XCIII.



of the Department of the Pacific.
	1804.		1805.													
December. 8 280.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			9,114.		9,480.		7,761.		7, 806.		8,951.		8, 633.		7, 970.	
	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases, j Deaths.	
1	1		5	1	4		2		2	1	5		3	2	34	5
2 3			2												2 19	
	2		4						1							
4 5	10		28		22		23		22		31		18		363	1
6	37		51		61		53		68		77		89		755	
7	25		17		27		28		41		36		21		351	
8 9 10	10 1 79		g		o		5		17				18		105	
			1				1				3	1	1		8	1
			97		68		52		66		139		158		1,375	
11	5		13		7		12		5		o		12		83	2
12	9	1	20	1	14		15		4		8		4		201	3
13 14	3 3		3		1		1				2				13	
			9		4		7		6		1		1		45	
15 lfi			1 13												1 .	
	8				3										36	
17 18 19																
					2										16	
	3		4		18		11		1		4		1		47	
20	101		80		126		125		125		72		43		875	
21	3		15		14		40		43		19		14		159	1
22	148	2	93		101		117		134		125		116		1,317	2
23	80		81		98		57		90		90		80		825	
24	8		20		14		5		11		8		7		117	
25	3		2		2		2		4		2		7		31	
26 27 28	2		1						6		1		1		15	
																
	1		2		2		1		1		1		3		14	
29	1	1	9		22		49	1	3		5		3		106	2
30 31	2 9		1 6		1 5				1 5				1 1		8 65	3
						1	9				7					
32	13		13		2		23		25	2	34		13		210	2
33 34			1				1				3 1		2		17 7	
									1							
35 36 37 as 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48	1 61 64 3						2 82 58 5								5 915 706 46 1 9 12 57 30 4 51 15 3 1	1 1 14 1
			71 95 6		105 69 1				99 78 4		79 75 14	1	107 52 1			
											2		1 1 4 2	1		
	1 3 7				3 8 3 2 4 1	3	1 5 1									
		3	5 3 1 7 1	2 1					8 2	1	3 3	2				
	4						12 1		11 1		5 2		1 2 1 1			
																
																
																
	712	7	793	5	816	4	807	1	887	4	859	4	790	3	9,065	39
75 
594
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XCIII.—DEPARTMENT  OF THE  PACIFIC—Continued.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward.
CLASS  IV.—LOCAL DISEASES.
    Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
Apoplexy..................................
Epilepsy...................................
Headache..................................
Insanity...................................
Inflammation of Brain......................
Inflammation of Membranes of Brain........
Inflammation of Spinal Cord................
Nostalgia..................................
Neuralgia.................................
Paralysis.................................'-
Sun-stroke.................................
Other Diseases of this Order................
        Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
Amaurosis.................................
Cataract...................................
Inflammation of Conjunctiva................
Inflammation of Iris........................
Night Blindness............................
Other Diseases of this Order................
        Order IU.—Diseases of Ear.
Inflammation of Internal Ear...............
Deafness...................................
Otorrhoea..................................
Other Diseases of this Order................
89.
90.

91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
Aneurism......................................
Valvular Disease of Heart......................
Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
Inflammation of Pericardium...................
Inflammation of Endocardium..................
Inflammation of Veins..........................
Varicose Veins.................................
Varicocele.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
  ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
Asthma........................................
Acute Bronchitis...............................
Chronic Bronchitis.............................
Dropsy of Chest...............................
Haemorrhage from Nose........................
Inflammation of Larynx........................
Inflammation of Lungs.........................
Inflammation of Pleura.........................
Haemorrhage from Lungs.......................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
   Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Colic..........................................
Constipation...................................
Cholera Morbus................................
Cirrhosis of Liver..............................
Dropsy from  Hepatic Disease...................
Dyspepsia.....................................
Diseases of Pancreas...........................
Diseases of Spleen.............................
Fistula in Ano..................................
Hernia.............................;..........
Haemorrhage from Stomach.....................
1804.
July.
7,790.
Cases.
569
Deaths.
7,699.
Cases.
814
September.
7,512.
Cases.
21
 3
 3
11
 3
30

21
64
14
17
Deaths.
October.
6,209.
Cases.
Deaths.
9  J.
4  .
 5
 9
12
 2
17

14
69
 5
Carried forward........................!   gog
6   1,094
3   1,001
999 
     DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1865.





TABLE XCIII.—DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC—Continued.
595
	1804.		1805.													
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
8,282.			9,114.		9,480.		7,761.		7,806.		8, 951.		8,633.		7,970.	
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	Cases. 712	Deaths. 7	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death?.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			793	5	816 1 6 12 3	4	807 2 2 13 2 1	1	887	4 1	859	4	790 1 8 11 1	3	9,065 6 40 160 19 3 2 1 7 256 21 2 18 18 1 291 31 18 27 30 15 24 31 4 21	39 1 4 1 1 1 1 4
	5 19		3 10 3						3 15		6 22					
								1	1 1	1 1						
					1											
																
	1 20 5		1 25 2								1 17 2		3 16			
					33 1		35		38 1							
													2 2 1			
	1 1		2 1		I 2	1	2		3 3							
											1 1 40 2 2 2 7 2 6 3 1 3					
				........1........												
	20 2 1 2 2		22 1 3 1 3 6 1 2 1 2		28 3		34 8 1 4		32 4 1 5 5				32 2			
					4 6 1 1 4											
													1			
																
	3 3 1 3					1	2 1		2 5				3			
																
							2		2	1			1	1		
																
																
							2 1								2 4 1 19 6 2 38 1,200 257 4 o 152 218 233 24 289 173 945 43 1 1 208	1 1 14 4 2
			2		1											
	1 2															
			4				5 1									
					2								1			
																
	2 195 13	1	1 232 46 1		2 160 34		3 83 17 1		8 125 44 1		3 68 42		7 64 15	1 2		
											1 15 12 35 4 23 11 115 2	2 1	1 6 9 15 1 28 14 89 2			
	10 29 23 1 22 15 63 2	3 1	18 52 20	2	14 52 25 2 46 9 94 1	3	27 17 26 7 31 13 73 2 1	3	28 17 28 3 39 15 96 2	1 1						
		1	27 7 93 4													
									1 22							
	17		12		27		16				12		17			
	1 1 8	........	1		........		3 1 10								6 8 78 1	
									2 7		1 6					
			4		6								10 1	1		
	__ '															
	1,206	12	1,406	7	1,398	9	1,256	5	1,446	10	1,327	7	1,154	7	14,026	74 1 1
 
596
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XCIII.—DEPARTMENT OF  THE PACIFIC—Concluded
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
              Brought forward......................
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
102. Haemorrhage from Bowels.....
103. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
104. Inflammation of Stomach.......
105. Inflammation of Bowels.......
106. Inflammation of Peritonasum...
107. Acute Inflammation of Liver...
108. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
109. Jaundice......................
110. Piles..........................
111. Other Diseases of this Order...
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
112. Stone and Gravel............
113. Diabetes....................
114. Bright's Disease............
115. Diseases of Prostate.........
116. Diseases of Testis...........
117. Inflammation of Kidneys---
118. Inflammation of Bladder.....
119. Incontinence of Urine.......
120. Hydrocele..................
121. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis..................
123. Caries.....................
124. Inflammation of Joints.......
125. Inflammation of Bones.......
126. Inflammation of Periosteum..
127. Necrosis....................
128. Other Diseases of this Order.
DS<>4.
JULY.
August.
7,790.
Cases.  Deaths.
828
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
129. Abscess.......
131. Boils.........
131. Carbuncle.....
132. Whitlow......
133. Skin Diseases.
  CLASS V.  WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS,  AND
                    INJURIES.
      Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns............................................
135. Contusions.......................................
136. Concussion of Brain..............................
137. Drowning........................................
138. Sprains..........................................
139. Dislocation......................................
140. Simple Fractures.................................
141. Compound Fractures.............................
142. Gunshot Wounds.................................
143. Incised Wounds..................................
144. Lacerated Wounds...............................
145. Punctured Wounds...............................
146. Poisoning........................................
147. Other Accidents and Injuries.....................
148. Order II.—Homicide............................
Casein
1,094
Deaths.
149. Order III.—Suicide..............
150. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence .

                Total.................
September.
7,512.
October.
6,209.
SoVKMBF.lt.

  6,402.
Cases.
911
Deaths.
1,059
1,319
1,136
Cases.
Doaths,
1,207 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30,  1865.
597
TABLE XCIII.-DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC—Coucluded.
	1804.								1805.							
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	8,282.		9,114.		9,480.		7,761.		7,806.		, 8, 951.		8,633.		7, 970.	
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 130	Cases. 1,206 1 22	Deaths. 12	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths .	Cases.	Deaths.
			1,406 I 42 2 1	7	1,398	9	1,256	5	1,446	10	1,327 1 24 5 2	7	1,154 1 13 3 3 1 6 3 4 10 2	7 1 1	14,026 5 290 38 24 2 32 16 29 198 37 5 7 2	74 3 4 1 4 1
					59 2 1		41 6 2		37 5 4							
	6 1 3 1 1 11 2 2	2														
			4 2 1 15 1		4 6 5 5 5		3		1	1 1	1	3				
							1 13 3 2 3		5 20 2		6 24 1					
			1						2					1		
	1															
																
	1 4 3		3 5 1		2 3 1		1 1 1 2		2 3 1 1		5 8 1 3 1				22 38 16 10 4 7 4 12 12 1 5 2 8 202 288 21 65 227 43 646 3	3 5 4 2 3 1 1 1
													8			
													3 1 1			
																
							1		2 1 2 1 1							
			1 3													
	1				1 2		2 2						1			
											1					
																
	2															
																
	2 14 20 3 3 15 4 59		1 19 33		1 36 26 3 9 16 8 43		2 13 30 . 6 5 26 7 45 1 59		1 24 27 5 4 22 3 47		1 13 33					
													8 16			
			6 18 4 68								6 30 5 76	1	4 28 1 79			
137				1	37 3 2	1		1								
138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148	26		66						43		67 4 7		38 1 3		489 22 51 2 69 150 74 57 64 48	
	2		4 2 3 7 7 2 2 1				4		8							
	1 18 16 8 1 10				7 10 3 1	1	6 25 13 2 4 2	1	13 10 3 6 3 9	2	4 24 5 7 3	1	12 11 3 9 3 1			
					16											
																
149								1								
150																
	1,470															
		14	1,732	8	1,715 | 11		1,590	8	1,764	14	1,695	12	1,431	10	17,373	107
 
598                SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE TROOPS
           TABLE XCIY



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					18RA		~			
								----		
	July.		August.						------------■------------------	
									N'OVEMBKK.	
	12,235.								~~---------	
					Cases.				10,345	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deathi.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	4		1		9		8	2	3	1
			1		5		12		5	
										
	66 49 38 11		106 122 50 12	1	43 83 49 7 6 306 5 51 1 1 1 5		92 135 41 5		19 79 26 12 1 143 12 29 1 6 2 2	1
										
										
										
										
	248 4 22 4 8	1	327 5 45 2 4	1 1		1	246 15 53 4 3	1 1 1		
										
										
										
										
										
	2		1				3			
										
	1 2 35 2 120 97 22 3 2 1 6 12 1 10 26 5	1	1 3 34 2 162 78 10 3 2				4 1 34 5 168 95 12		1	
				1	3 41 a 161 84 17 5 4					
									95 26 177 99 25 3	1
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis......................................										
										
24. Orchitis......-..................................										
25. Stricture of the Urethra.............................										
										
27. Serpent Bite........................................										
			1 2		4 3		5 5		1 4 1 5 20	
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy................................										
										
		1	12 25 2	1	1 29 4 1	1	2 17 2			
										
										
34. Other Diseases of this Order.........................									4	
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...............................................			2 93 56 3							
	84 60 2 1	1			100 38		99 79 7	1	87 ' 59 1	
										
										
					1 1 2 3 3					
40. Tumors.............................................			2				1 2 6 1		2 5 8 2	
41. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	1 3 4 1 4 3 1									
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.		1	4 3	1						
43. Scrofula........................................										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch..........			2		5 1		2 5 1		4 1	
46. Tape-worm..........										
47. Other Intestinal Worms.......			1							
										
									.	3
Carried forward.......	965	5	1,179	6	1,086	2	1,170	6	970	
- -										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
599
   TABLE XCIV.
of the Pacific Region.
1804.			1805.													
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	11, 380.		12,518.		13,081.		11,692.		11,034.		12, 003.		13,119.		11,836.	
	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1 2 3	5	2	5 2 5	1	4		2		4	1	6	1	4	2	55 2 31	10 1
	0			1					1							
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21	14 41 43 10 3 94 8 12 3 7	1	32 66 38 9 2 129 15 21 3 13 1 17		25 86 37 2		81 66 35 5 2 80 12 19 1 8	1 1	27 72 51 19 6 92 6 6		46 89 49		54 163 45 18 1 247 ' 20 42 2 3		555 1,051 502 110 27 2,184 118 331 26 73 4 83 3 17 54 1,069 .228	2 1 1 6 4 2 1 1
											6 176 5 11 3 3	1 1				
				1 1	96 11 20 2 9											
									8							
	8 3 1 4 120 4				3				9		7		26			
																
			4 4 130 21		2 18-172 18		1 13 135 51		2 1 144 44							
											4 80 20		1 49 32			
22 23 24 25 26 27 28	177 99 11 3 2	2	144 107 29 2 1		146 128 15 2		190 82 7 4	1	194 127 20 5 7		193 118 15 2 2 2 1		164 113 11 7 1		1,996 1,227 194 39 21 3 42	4
																
	1		4		3		4		6				6			
29 30 31 32 33 34	1 2 11 18	1	9 1 8 20 1		22 1 6 3 2		53	1	33 1 6 28		45		123 1 1 13 4		312 8 83 258 26 7	2 5 2 1
						1	14 24 3	1		1 2	7 35 3 1					
									1							
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44	1 91 77 4			'			2 109 70 5				1 98 85 15				6 1,272 879 56 2 9 25 67 38 4	2 1 16 1
			98 111 10		146 82 2				129 90 5			1	138 72 2			
											2		1 2 6 3	1		
	1 3 7				3 8 3 2 4 3	3	5 6 1		4 10 2							
		3	7 3 1 8 3	2 I						3	3 6	2				
45 46 47 48	4						13 2		11 2		5 4		1 2 1 1		63 26 4 1	
																
																
	895	9														
__			1,084	7	1,086	4	1,055	5	1,173	7	1,148	6	1,380	3	13,191	63
 
600
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCIV.—PACIFIC REGION—Continued.
					1804.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			--—
									November. 10,345. Cast's. iDeathi.	
	12,235.		12,321.		11,234.		11,066.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		
	965	5	1,179	6	1,086	2	1,170 2 3 12	6	970	3
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
	2 18 2		1 23 4 1		1 31 3				4 6	
										
										
						1		1	I........	
									i	
							1			
	3 27				1 12				i	
		1	23 3				19 4		20 i. 3!.....	
										
					1 4 1					
	3		1 4				1 3		i	
ORDER II.—Diseases of Eye.										
		-								
	31 2 8 6 2		27 2 1 8 2 1 2 8		35 1 2 8 1 3 3 3		53 4 1 3 1 2 1		48 2	
										
										
									2 3	
ORDER III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
69. Otorrhcea...........................................	3 4 1 5								1 6	
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
		1	3	1	3	1	2		2	1
										
										
							1 1			
										1
										
	1		2				3 1		2 1	
										
	1 4 44 9		1 3 31 6		1 6 27 15					
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.							2 79 15 1		2 123 6	
										
										
										
										
	11 6 23		7 6 17 3 30 34 121 23		13 9 10 1 14 31 86 10	1	11 16 17 3 17 23 97 7	1 1	15 28 16 2 14 14 104 1	1
										
										
										
	7 24 176 6	1								
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............................................										
										
										
										
			1 30	........	1 25					
	42						27	..J 23		1
										
			1 1 • 7		i ! i		1 1			
99. Fistula in Ano......................								........1 2		
100. Hernia......	7 1				6 ........		io ! 5			
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach										
Carried forward..........							___________			6
	1,444	8	1,617	7	1,455 1 5		1,617	9	1,437	
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
601
TABLE XCIV.—PACIFIC REGION—Continued.
	1.SC4. ,| 1S,>5"															
	DECEMB	ER. 1	January. February. ' March. | April. 1 May. j June.												Total.	
11,380			12,518. ; 13,081. 11,692. ! 11,034.								12, 003.		13,119.		11, 636.	
| Cases.		Deaths. 9 1	Cases. 1 Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. | Deaths. Cases.						Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 59 60 61 t2 63 64 65 '66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 7H	895		1,064 J	7	1,086 2 7 13 4	4 1	1,055 3 5 18 2	5 1 1	1,173 5 19	7 1	1,148 1 7 26 1	6	1,380 1 10 49 3	3	13,191 9 56 246 26 3 4 6 10 364 26 3 35 21 o 465 40 25 50 41 18 36 40 4 32	63 3 1 5 1 1 1 1 7
	6 20	........1 1	5 11 3													
		1					1	1		1						
		1	1		1 3				o							
							1						1 3 23 1 2 2 2			
	1 24 5		*!								1 32 2					
					40 2		50 2		59 2							
	1 1 1 22 2 2 2 2		2 l		1 2	1	9		3 3		1 3 1 50 3 3 2 7 2 8 3 1 3					
		!														
			28 2 4 2 3 6 2 2 1 2		34 6 1 6 6 2 4 4		44 8 1 4 5		36 5 1 5 5 1 3 5				57 3 1 2 4 1 3			
	4 4 1 4					1	2 1									
																
							3		2	1			3	2		
																
						1										1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 25 4 2 1
							2 1		1 2	1					4 8 1 21 7 5 46 1,358 287 4 2 210 324 271 30 328 254 1,426 64 1 3 296	
			3		1											
	1 2															
			5 1				5 1				1					
71					2 1 2 178 38	1 1							1			
HI	1															
fcl 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	4 199 14	1	1 247 50 1				4 107 19 1	1	8 156 47 1		3 80 42		7 87 26	1 3		
											1 21 18 38 4 24 13 161 2	1 2 1	1 8 14 16 3 28 37 141 3			
	12 56 24 1 26 17 88 2	3 1	35 58 26	4	19 61 29 2 61 15 124 1	6	27 27 27 7 34 15 100 3 1	4	31 25 28 4 46 20 126 2	1 1 1						
			27 11 102 4													
									1 23							
	17		16		31		22				17		23			
	1 1 8		1				3 1 11								8 9 96 3	
									2 9		1 7					
			6		6								12 2			
	1,471	14														
			1,791	11	1,795	16	1,632	13	1,852	16	1,738	10	1,960	9	19,819	124
76 
602
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XCIV.—PACIFIC REGION-Concluded.
					IS	;.i				
										
	July.		August.		September. 1 Octo					
									->"VKMHKI;.	
	12,235.		12,321.		11,234.		11,066.		10,345.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 5	Cases. 1,617	Deaths.	Case*.	Deaths. 6
	1,444 2 15 7	8	1,617	7	1,455			9	1,437 8 21 2 2 1 1 4 26	
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
			11 3 2		29 3 4		27 2			
										
										
							1 2 2 2 23 3	1 1 1		
	8 2 3 36 7 1 1		3		2 3 1 27 9	1				
										
			2 23 7 1	1						
110. Piles...............................................										
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.									1 1 1	
113. Diabetes............................................										
					1					
										
	2 3		2 2 3 1		2 3 1				4 2 3	
							1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2			
										
										
	1 1 1									
					2					
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
123. Caries.....................................					2				1	
	4		1 1 2 1							
										
									1	
	1									
							1 26 23 1 8 15 2 72 1			
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System	21 22 3 5 21 6 76	2	18 26 1 15 23 1 76		18 33 2 8 20 5 73				16 37 2 5 19 1 C7 1	1 6 1
130. BoUs..................................										
										
132. Whitlow.........................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns........................................										
										
										
		2								
	38 7 7		31 5 4		46 3 6		43 2 6		45 3 8 1 25 14 4 4 44 3	
										
										
										
142. Gunshot Wounds....................................	10 14 17 6 8 2	1	5 24 12 4 7 8	1	12 20 13 8 7 3		55 21 5 6 5 2	4 1 2 1		
										
										
										
										
										
148. Order II.—Homicide......										
	*"					I				
										
Total..............								20	1,809	"14
	1,802	13	1,942	9	1,821	6 i 1.983				
										
 
DURING THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
603
TABLE XCIV.-PACIFIC REGION-Concluded.
1804.			1805.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
11.380.			12,518.		13,081.		11, 692.		11,034.		12,003.		13,119.		11,836.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,471	14	1,791	11	1,795	16	1,632	13	1,862	16	1,738	10	1,960	9	19,819	124
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111	1 30		1 56 2 1				1 57 6 3				1 27 6 2	1	2 23 6 6 1 10 4 7 17 2	1 1	10 400 44 34 3 52 26 44 265 49	4 1 6 1 4
					66 2 1				38 5 4							
	9 1 4 2 3 15 2	2														
			5 3 2 20 1		6 7 8 7 5	1	6 2 1 16 3		4	1 1	1	3				
									5 28 9		6 27 1					
112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121	3		1 1				2 3		1 2						10 8 3 1 27 55 19 12 4 10	1
														1		
	1															
							1 1 4 1 2									
	1 6 3		4 8 2		2 3 1				3 4 1 1		5 10 1 3 1		1 9 2 3 1 2			
																
	1						1		2							
122 123 124 125 126 127 128			1 3						1 2 6 1						4 15 58 2 5 4 10	
	1 1				1 3		3 8						1 20			
											13					
																
	2 1 2															
											1 2					
			1		1		2		1							
129 130 131 132 133	16 2? 5 4 23		21 43 1 7 22		38 27 3 11 17		22 36 6 7 30		30 31 5 5 38		15 39 1 9 37		12 32 2 5 56		253 376 32 89 321	
134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147	4 80		5 88		13 63		10 72 1 66 2 5 1 13 37 14 3 4 6		4 51		9 90	1	1 110		61 918 3	3 11 24 2 5 3 4
				1	45 4 8	1		1 2	50 1 9 1 14 12 6 7 3 9	1	70 5 7	4				
	35		83 2 7 2 12 17 12 2 2 6										74 1 6		626 35 76 6 232 233 121 74 93 76	
	3 1 41 19 20 13 1 15	2 2														
				2 2	12 16 8 1 1 20	1 1				3 1	9 27 6 8 3	1 1	24 12 4 12 8 2	3		
148 149 150											-					1 3
								1						2		
																
	1,867	21														
			2,235	16	2,195	20	2,090	17	2,256	23	2,180	21	2,438	17	24, 618	197
 
604
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
                    TABLE  XCV.

Abstract  of the Sickness  and Mortality
Year.............................
Month...........................
Mean Strength.................

          LIST OF DISEASES
   CLASS  I.—ZYMOTIC  DISEASES.

       ORDER I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever.............................
Typhus Fever..............................
Typho-Malarial Fever......................
Yellow Fever..............................
Remittent Fever...........................
Quotidian Intermittent  Fever...............
Tertian Intermittent Fever.................
Quartan Intermittent Fever.................
Congestive Intermittent Fever..............
Acute Diarrhoea............................
Chronic Diarrhoea..........................
Acute Dysentery...........................
Chronic Dysentery.........................
Erysipelas.................................
Small-pox and Varioloid....................
Measles...............................---
Scarlet Fever..............................
Diphtheria.................................
Mumps.....................................
Epidemic Catarrh..........................
Other Diseases of this Order................
        Order II.—Enthetie Diseases.
Syphilis...................................
Gonorrhoea.................................
Orchitis....................................
Stricture of the Urethra.....................
Purulent Ophthalmia.  .....................
Serpent Bite...............................
Other Diseases of this Order................
        Order III.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy.....................................
Purpura...................................
Delirium Tremens..........................
Inebriation.................................
Chronic Alcoholism.........................
Other Diseases of this Order................
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL  DISEASES.
           ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout............................................
36. Acute Rheumatism...............................
37. Chronic Rheumatism.............................
38. Anaemia.........................................
39. Cancer...........................................
40. Tumors..........................................
41. Other Diseases of this Order......................
          ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption.....................................
43. Scrofula.........................................
44. Other Diseases of this Order......................
    CLASS
45. Itch.......
III.-PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Tape-worm..................
47. Other Intestinal Worms......
48. Other Diseases of this Order.
1804.
JULY'.
567, 646.
Cases.  Deaths.
 1,237
   130
 2,394
    64
10,097
12,261
11,138
 1,149
   367
42,437
 4,945
 8,862
   756
   574
    73
   531
     3
   174
   515
   764
 3,198

 1,587
 2,073
   237
    62
   166
    11
   115

 1,655
    26
    57
   100
    25
    5
2,316
1,585
  697
   11
   51
   19
Carried forward.
195
141
  2
  942
   28
  244
   17
  181
   14
   17
    2
   88
  169
1,039
  187
  122
   21
   43
   62
119
  6
August.
556,006.
Cases.  Deaths.
3,456
 1,211
    45
 2,099
    14
11,443
15, 336
12,862
 1,292
   417
38, 014
 4,929
 8,500
   699
   553
    77
   190
     4
    98
   276
   926
 3,049

 1,669
 1,946
   236
    48
   158
     8
    29

 1,809
    25
    72
   102
    6
2,373
1,703
  628
    3
   55
   42

  202
  156
    1


  599
   14
   54
113,971
642
 10
230
  4
219
 22
 14
 125
 163
,218
 237
 139
  15
  28
  17
   1
  15
   5
55
110
  1
September.
540, 578.
Cases.  Deaths.
 1,110
    21
 1,573
   174
 8,357
16,458
12, 763
 1,617
   475
28,036
 4,298
 7,150
   771
   353
    46
   108
     1
   100
   142
   949
 2,676

 1,612
 1,944
   213
    44
   122
     8
    57

 1,714
    21
    52
   106
    16
    17
2,198
1,556
  471
    8
   36
   14

  169
  122
    5
479
 15
 44
  3
  522
   7
  204
   70
  133
   9
   9
   1
  127
  105
1,246
  222
  146
   20
   13
   9
   1
   17
   5
3,539
98,232
44
October.
560,661.
Cases.  Deaths.
29
78
   883
    5
 1,337
   493
 6,705
16,233
11,185
 1,255
   273
23,277
 3,372
 6,054
   645
   370
    81
   348
    4
   121
   280
 1,749
 2,251

 1,601
 1,944
   252
    44
   104
    4
    24

   776
    17
    49
    80
    15
     3
   15
2,574
1,677
  316
    2
   45
   17

  160
   92
    6


  743
   21
   31
  471
   8
  162
  200
  130
  15
   8
   5
  94
  89
1,282
  181
  141
  12
  22
  10
3,048   87,533
121
  2
	
Nov	:mi<EB
556,	53& Deathi.
Cases.	
WK)	403
32	i;
914	117
38	18
4, KJ7,	72
11,167	14
8,447	2
933	2
185	46
18,442	57
2,879	828
4,159	94
533	70
411	16
139	51
497	27
5	
161	15
463	
2,598	
2,050	35
1,595	6
1,907	
232	
41	1
99	
4	
31§	2
568	12
6	1
51	9
66	1
11	2
18	1
3,074  70,525   2,006 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
605
      TABLE XCY.



of the  United States Army.
—	1864.	R.						180		5.						
Decembe			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	569,591		593,475.		588,451.		602,837.		632,002.		642,008.		478,268.		574,022.	
— -	Cases. ]	Deaths.	Cases. ]	Deaths.	Cases. 1	deaths.	Cases. ]	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.
																
1	686	399	837	431	647	338	625	364	527	389	625	396	551	302	9,739	5,798
9	11	3	20	5	22	9	9	16	15	10	6	19	12	3	328	124
3	720	75	643	95	482	64	740	62	781	62	767	59	699	94	13,149	1,468
4 5															783 73,386	309 1,198
	4,149	71	4,256	69	3,746	50	4,522	68	4,606	53	5,563	65	5,107	87		
6	8,222	10	7,292	4	6,330	3	7,709	16	8,623	11	9,722	9	8,040	7	127,393	134
7	7,309	3	6,553	6	5,623	1	6,751	2	7,522	5	8,799	2	6,882	6	105, 834	75
8	743	1	718		637	1	791	o	676	4	661	2	660	1	11,132	21
9	107	38	100	39	134	31	181	39	119	38	284	33	172	29	2,814	727
10	18,611	47	17,065	63	12,549	40	16,587	62	20,275	39	26, 589	53	22,698	86	284,580	973
11	3,611	1,082	2,912	764	2,446	606	2,802	771	2,453	658	4,027	572	2,900	534	41,574	10, 600
12	3,384	65	3,106	57	2,287	37	3,095	19	4,410	28	5,907	45	4,556	76	61,470	1,248
13	436	59	405	59	260	56	336	45	373	35	536	17	409	30	6,159	919
14	500	39	506	53	654	64	716	67	698	89	677	77	444	21	6,456	494
15	237	103	362	163	451	192	449	200	373	144	250	122	111	50	2,649	1,131
16	1,149	63	1,001	94	927	103	2,439	345	1,659	251	752	89	197	12	9,798	1,082
17	8	3	3	2	20	3	12	4	7	1	2		4	1	73	16
18	145	14	277	7	223	16	197	17	159	14	110	13	59	3	1,824	170
19	488	2	631		786		1,595	1	1,603	1	974		330		8,083	17
20	3,719		4,960		4,661		4,144		2,341		1,696		990		29,497	
21	2,590	92	1,763	46	1,703	25	1,877	59	2,229	54	2,586	33	1,999	19	27, 941	595
22	1,802	4	1,574	4	1,445	. 1	1,695	4	1,782	1	1,828	1	1,457	3	19,647	34
23	1,925		1,724		1,652		1,905		2,033		2,139		1,816		23,008	
24	246		231		218		262		284		276		224		2,911	1
25	31		29		47		47		52		33		43		521	1
26	123		89		121		141		119		204		130		1,576	
27 28	1 4				6 10	1	1 24		3 19		5 88		5 34		56 452	4
			17	1												
29	399	28	485	15	509	8	974	29	1,376	23	1,508	20	1,071	3	12,844	202
30	25	2	50	2	23		22	1	35	1	67	2	16	1	333	15
31	54	7	49	1	57	7	56	10	55	7	44	5	45	6	641	74
32	79	1	56	2	46	1	77	4	125	3	94		88	2	1,019	19
33	13	1	8		7	1	21	2	12		19	4	10		185	13
34	2				5		10	4	8		14	1	13	1	99	8
35	3		5		14		13		10		15	1	5		102	1
36	3,438	10	3,550	9	3,147	7	3,204	6	3,304	19	3,459	10	2,036	8	34,604	96
37	2,284	3	2,180	5	1,816	3	2,034	6	1,732	1	1,788	5	1,177		21,409	51
38	165	4	174	6	175	2	200	4	247	5	264	6	152	1	3,661	89
39 40	6 32				3 44	1	3 47	1	2 46	2	7 82	1	3 44	1	52 571	8 4
			47	1												
41	33	6	21	1	21	o	16		23	3	8	1	18	1	247	24
42	167	121	184	135	162	125	180	126	146	133	159	109	137	79	1,995	1,338
43	108	6	104	2	94	2	133	2	113	1	160	4	106	2	1,429	28
44	2		1	3	7		2		2		4	1	10	1	4-9	7
45	1,083		1,306		1,172		1,407		. 1,478		1,422		780		12,015	
46	6	1	19		27		19		14		18		22		221	1
47	16		22		10		18		33		23		15		332	3
48	5		7		11		9		3				3		44	
	68,877	2,363	65,342	2,144	55,437	1,800	68,097	2,358	72, 505	2,085	84,261	1,777	66,280	1,470	j 964,685 1	j 29,120
 
GOG
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XCV.—UNITED STATES ARMY—Continued
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.

61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.

67.
68.
69.
70.


71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.

81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.

91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
           Brought forward...............

    CLASS  IV.—LOCAL DISEASES.

    Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
Apoplexy..................................
Epilepsy...................................
Headache..................................
Insanity...................................
Inflammation of Brain......................
Inflammation of Membranes of Brain........
Inflammation of Spinal Cord................
Nostalgia..................................
Neuralgia.................................
Paralysis..................................
Sun-stroke.................................
Other Diseases of this Order................
         Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
Amaurosis.................................
Cataract...................................
Inflammation of Conjunctiva................
Inflammation of Iris........................
Night Blindness............................
Other Diseases of this Order................
         Order 111.—Diseases of Ear.
Inflammation of Internal Ear...............
Deafness...................................
Otorrhoea..................................
Other Diseases of this Order................
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
Aneurism......................................
Valvular Disease of Heart......................
Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
Inflammation of Pericardium...................
Inflammation of Endocardium..................
Inflammation of Veins..........................
Varicose  Veins.................................
Varicocele.....................................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
  Order  V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
Asthma........................................
Acute Bronchitis...............................
Chronic Bronchitis.............................
Dropsy of Chest...............................
Haemorrhage from Nose........................
Inflammation of Larynx........................
Inflammation of Lungs.........................
Inflammation of Pleura.........................
Haemorrhage from Lungs.......................
Other Diseases of this Order....................
   ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Colic..........................................
Constipation.................
Cholera Morbus..............
Cirrhosis of Liver............
Dropsy from Hepatic Disease .
Dyspepsia...................
Diseases of Pancreas.........
Diseases of Spleen...........
Fistula in Ano................
Hernia......................
Haemorrhage from Stomach...
Carried forward........................135 527
1H04.
July.
567,846.
Cases.
113,625
   17
  164
2,443
   46
   19
   14
   10
  147
1,650
   47
  885
   40

   19
   19
1,908
   89
  548
 ' 74

  193
   60
  219
  102

   10
   88
   23
    5
   16
   11
   12
  183
  153
   42

  172
1,609
  275
   16
   58
  157
  477
  483
  114
  205

2,454
4,035
1,062
    7
  122
  831
    4
   31
   25
  492
   17
3,456
  2
196
  9
  2
 18

  7
  1
 11
3,918
August.
556,006.
Cases.
113,971
   20
  181
2,137
   39
   24
    3
   14
  107
1,466
   41
  731
   41

   30
    8
1,655
   56
  563
   60

  130
   59
  234
   74


    3
   81
   15
   11
   12
    5
    4
  212
  170
   50

  158
1,414
  382
    6
   59
  118
  467
  423
  116
  225

2,596
3,739
1,046
    9
  114
  838
    1
   15
   46
  494
   18
Deaths.
3,539
  1
129
  7
  4
 12

  4
  2
  7
  1
  6
  3
3,915
September.
540,578.
Cases.
8,232
   20
  196
1,284
   51
   18
    5
   14
   99
  984
   68
   73
   37

   27
   21
1,543
   52
  412
   39

  123
   47
  174
   65


    4
   97
   15
    7
    9
    6
    5
  175
  102
    9

  207
1,507
  381
   15
   36
  171
  354
  431
   82
  128

1,779
2,736
  499
   16
  155
  728
    2
   26
   42
  440
   10
113,758
Deaths.
3,048
3,339
October.
560, 661.
Cases.
87,533
   12
  214
1,340
   39
    9
    5
   17
   84
  921
   54
   12
   23

   26
    8
1,469
   36
  222
    7
   43
  137
   11

   3
  105
   21
   3
   14
   3
   3
  143
  107
   26

  194
2,296
  376
   12
   32
  175
  670
  470
  105
  271

1,594
2,621
  365
   15
  102
  682
   3
   34
   40
  473
103,286
Deaths.

 3,074
  5
  6
  3
  1
  4
111
 13
  4
  7

  4

  5
3,383  86,572   2,380 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1865.
607
TABLE XCV.—UNITED STATES ARMY—Continued.
	1864.		1805.													
	DECEMBER.		January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		April,		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
	569,591.		593,475.		588,451.		602,	837.	632,002.		642,008.		478,268.		574, 022.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
																
	68,877	2,363	65,342	2,144	55,437	1,800	68,097	2,358	72,505	2,085	84,261	1,777	66,280	1,470	964,685	29,120
49	10	14	18	14	14	13	19	18	15	18	12	14	5	5	175	191
5(1	235	7	228	8	218	7	248	13	160	9	185	5	184	2	2,452	96
51	1,226		1,325		1,180		1,410		1,548		1,912		1,627		18, 524	
52	19	2	28	2	38	1	28	3	35		46	2	34		432	22
53	16	22	18	16	32	36	34	36	12	36	16	28	9	15	228	312
54	13	15	14	20	14	12	17	32	20	19	9	13	3	16	132	184
55	22	2	23	5	24	26	25	53	12	16	5	8	9	9	182	138
56	89	1	91	2	86	4	66	1	53	1	102	3	85	2	1,110	24
57	1,309		1,346		1,292		1,314	1	1,334		1,398	1	941		14,981	4
58	55	2	51	3	64	5	41	1	56	5	47	2	31		587	46
59 60					1 36	22	4 32	12	51 37	2 17	251 45	4 7	160 28	5 8	2,168 424	89 116
	34	4	32	6												
61	18		28		19		21		25		30		34		296	
62	13		13		17		9		8		11		9		148	
63	1,476		1,480	1	1,412		1,672		1,675		2,041		1,531		19,184	1
64	39		36		38		69		59		76		56		637	
65	66		39		46		108		207		178		207		2,708	
66	27		29		28		34		18		18		28		381	
67	93		120		121		116		119		122		120		1,439	
68	48		66		60		78		48		55		35		646	
69	164	1	195		205		186		166		175		159		&164	1
70	13		20		12		17		22		7		5		365	
71	4	2	2	1	1	1	2	1	3	2	8	1	5	1	50	16
72	83	7	101	10	86	16	110	17	81	25	117	12	83	18	1,120	204
73	17	1	21	2	14	7	13	6	12	5	12	5	16		199	49
74	16	5	4	1	7	5	7	6	8	3	10	4	5	1	87	35
75	24	4	13	7	17	7	12	7	19	5	22	4	15	5	185	51
76	5	1	10	3	3		12	1	5	4	3	1	8	3	82	20
77 78	6 153		5 124		4 90		4 142		6 114	1	7 135				62 1,704	3
													99			
79	83		66	1	54		65		62		81		90		1,105	1
80	16	4	14	5	45	4	23	5	38	4	23	7	12	1	309	60
81	219	3	196	1	170	1	214	3	143	1	165		135		2,182	18
82	4,128	15	5,360	22	5,274	23	4,023	28	3,051	23	2,479	16	1,391	4	35,815	160
83	598	18	801	29	846	12	713	15	512	15	544	12	317	7	6,225	159
84	26	3	26	1	5		13	3	8	4	14	1	13	3	161	28
85	31		85		46	1	62		57		39		37		562	7
86	391	3	627	2	472	6	533	6	309	3	255	5	133	2	3, 568	41
87	1,319	313	1,639	474	1,736	563	1,631	645	1,109	495	765	238	414	111	11, 625	3,575
88	705	17	803	18	835	15	769	14	662	18	665	11	416	10	7,233	152
89	111	5	92	4	90	1	101	5	96	5	104	7	78	5	1,178	54
90	531	17	- 890	17	1,717	16	744	18	510	13	339	6	188	7	6,174	148
91	1,291	2	1,117	1	846		976	1	1,312	1	1,517	1	1,520	2	18,295	26
92	2,764		2,702		2,262		3,277		3,403		3,996		3,128	1	36, 978	6
93	207	5	154	2	105	3	135	4	201	1	426	5	718	11	5,161	67
94	10	1	6	1	5	1	2	1	12	1	6		3		97	8
95	125	16	136	20	114	7	80	. 14	85	14	113	5	62	5	1,301	136
96	547		565		498		615	I	569		734	2	553		7,646	7
97 98					4 14						2 45		1 13		17 289	
	37		9				37		17							
99	55	1	53		36		69		39		52		35		547	5
100	414	1	363	1	317		344	1	337	1	424		322		4,818	8
101	9		8	1	5		14		6	1	10	1	14		125	6
J	87,792	2,877	86,534	2,845	76,112	2,617	88,387	3,330	90,971	2,853	104,114	2,208	81,404	1,729	1,188, 948	35,394
 
G08
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XCV.-UNITED STATES ARMY-Concluded.
Month...........
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
               Brought forward.......................

  Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
102. Haemorrhage from Bowels..........................
103. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
104. Inflammation of Stomach...........................
105. Inflammation of Bowels............................
106. Inflammation of Peritonaeum........................
107. Acute Inflammation of Liver........................
108. Chronic Inflammation of Liver......................
109. Jaundice...........................................
110. Piles...............................................
111. Other Diseases of this Order........................
 Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.

112. Stone and Gravel..................................
113. Diabetes..........................................
114. Bright's Disease..................................
115. Diseases of Prostate...............................
116. Diseases of Testis.................................
117. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
118. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
119. Incontinence of Urine.............................
120. Hydrocele.........................................
121. Other Diseases of this Order........................
      Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.

122. Anchylosis...................................
123. Caries......................................
124. Inflammation of Joints........................
125. Inflammation of Bones........................
126. Inflammation of Periosteum..................
127. Necrosis.....................................
128. Other Diseases of this Order..................

    Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary Systen

129. Abscess......................................
131. Boils........................................
131. Carbuncle....................................
132. Whitlow......................................
133. Skin Diseases......................
CLASS  V.
WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
    INJURIES.
      Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns........................................
135. Contusions...................................
136. Concussion of Brain...........................
137. Drowning.....................................
138. Sprains.......................................
139. Dislocation...................................
140. Simple Fractures..............................
141. Compound Fractures..........................
142. Gunshot Wrounds..............................
143. Incised Wounds ..............................
144. Lacerated Wounds............................
J45. Punctured Wounds............................
146. Poisoning.............................
147. Other Accidents and Injuries..................
148. Order II.—Homicide......................
149.
Order in.—Suicide..............

Order IV.—Execution of Sentence .
1804.
567,846.
Cases.  Deaths.
Total.
135, 527
   48
  667
  171
   99
   11
  216
  149
1,554
1,675
  272
 23
 49
  4
 55
231
 56
109
 32
 13
1,301
3,186
  220
  589
1,101
  221
1,077
   23
   879
    40
    92
    43
10,421
   357
   157
   140
   100
   193
3,918
2,554
    3
    4
    5
August.
556,006.
Cases.  Deaths.
161,337 |  6,752
134,491
  553
  135
  145
   19
  282
  143
2,364
1,542
  198
103
 20
 64
  2
 48
251
 38
114
 29
  9
1,227
3,462
  233
  573
1,201
  201
1,028
   28
  854
   31
   90
   43
8,034
  358
  223
  107
   96
  119
158,689
3,915
    9
1,810
    7
   10
    1
    1
   35

    1

    7
September.
540,578.
Cases.  Deaths.
113,758
   46
  597
  137
  108
   14
  216
  125
2,013
1,367
  111
 64
 20
 38
  2
 31
219
 49
109
 23
 20
  971
2,707
  207
  425
  689
179
955
 14
 752
  43
  77
  34
,552
 293
 179
  75
  84
  64
5,970 135,730
3,339
   2
1,104
   3
   4
   1
   1
   19

   4

   5
4,638
Cases.  Deaths.
103,286
   31
  819
  107
   74
   13
  188
  109
1,784
1,286
  100
 72
 24
 39
  5
 28
168
 52
 90
 19
 16
  789
2,083
  160
  326
  899
 180
,049
  12
  936
   66
   98
   84
7,450
  319
  158
   57
   35
  109
123,249
3,383
  5
973
4,523 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
609
TABLE XCV.-UNITED STATES ARMY—Coucluded.
	1864		1805.													
	DECEMBl	;r.	January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
569,591			593,475.		568, 451.		602,837.		632,002.		642, 008.		478, 268.		574, 022.	
-"■—	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	87,792	2,877	86,534	2,845	76,112	2,617	88,387	3,330	90,971	2,853	104,114	2,208	81,404	1,729	1,188,948	35,394
102	22	3	61	2	35		22	1	23		41	o	22	2	446	56
103	1,211		1,549	1	1,643	3	1,761		1,178	2	909	1	501		12,229	14
104	113	9	84	11	102	4	107	7	91	8	149	15	95	10	1,388	126
105	65	14	74	17	71	26	72	27	94	18	91	13	78	25	1,035	288
106	17	23	15	12	15	11	15	16	9	9	14	8	7	8	156	151
107	140	4	133	6	121	4	198	11	192	3	224	5	192	3	2,262	64
108	146	3	111	5	86	2	108	3	81	3	147		141	2	1,471	40
109	1,543	9	1,297	6	1,043	4	993	2	818	5	835	3	893	6	17, 007	94
110	1,139		1,139		892	1	995		1,056		1,318	1	903		14,453	5
111	137	2	90	5	77	2	69	5	164	5	115	5	77	5	1,500	53
112	94	1	60		36		44		75		79	1	57		842	2
113	26	1	22		15	1	16	1	23	1	24		13	1	251	10
114	39	6	56	3	38	1	21	1	25	4	49	1	27	2	479	40
115	3		4		4		2		2		1		1		30	
116	27		35		27		27	1	34		27		28		401	1
117	173	1	171	3	177	3	200	5	201	2	191	2	161	3	2,295	37
118	56	2	66		35	1	37		36	1	50	1	37		547	7
119	130		97		92		81		53		69		45		1,064	
120	26		21		28		24		18		26		23		294	3
121	32		22		26	1	11	1	14	2	24	2	27	,	233	9
122	19		28		12		12		11		43		23		238	
123	9	1	23		16		12		5		24		20		177	1
124	47		58		59		40		53		85		52		660	1
125	13		3		4		2		4		5		8		84	
126	32		24		18	1	21		32		27	1	16		315	2
127	16		28		18		15	1	10		14		23		204	2
128	10	1	7		8	1	6		7		26		8		99	
129	788	2	785	3	769	7	774	4	821	3	823	7	637	1	10,397	61
130	2,032		2,074		1,615		1,961		2,120		2,372		1,850		27,461	
131	166		160	1	113		109		111		159		98		1,886	2
132	385		444		451		386		367		345		247		4,890	
133	966		909	1	844	2	891		863		945		702	1	11,049	11
134	324	2	309	2	273	3	264	3	227	16	321	7	133	1	2,890	42
135	1,156	6	1,162	6	986	6	1,118	2	1,029	6	1,417	5	904	3	12,972	67
136	9		11	6	24	3	20	7	12	8	15		14	10	193	60
137		11		15		5		16		26		33		46		260
138	1,039		1,090		1,074		1,327		1,195		1,644		908		12, 701	
139	56		46		53	1	59		63		74		55	2	633	5
140	102	2	95	1	97	1	111	1	104	1	112	1	96	2	1,181	12
141	50	5	29	5	20	2	67	5	32	8	17	7	9	9	454	69
142	3,742	622	1,047	288	1,954	285	6,001	494	6,719	1,005	455	286	273	103	57,122	10,201
143	732	10	775	1	674	5	602	4	470	3	431	4	375	1	5,887	45
144	186		118	3	166	2	162	4	162	8	179		115		1,941	41
145	73	2	78		52	1	75	2	102	6	113	1	80	1	1,031	23
146	48	1	31	1	43	1	75	2	119	1	158	2	175	2	1,034	19
147	811	19	563	17	306	21	198	50	188	17	360	21	136	15	3,151	285
148				3 6 3		2 5 5		3 3 4		3		4		4		45
149										5		6		14		76
150		9										1				44
	105,742	3,656	101,538	3,278	90,324	3,040	107,498	4,016	109,984	4,032	118,661	2,054	91,689	2,011	1,406,001	1 47,772
77 
 
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1866.           611
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS DURING THE  FISCAL
                     YEAR FOLLOWING THE WAR.

                  (From July  1, 1865, to June*30,  1866.)
    The surrender of the  Confederate armies in April, 1865, was followed by the rapid
disbanding of our volunteer forces;  but as many regiments were not mustered out until
after June, 1865, it has been thought advisable to present a brief synopsis of the sickness
and mortality during -the year succeeding the war.
    This is here done in the following tables:

    1. The Atlantic Eegion    -------  Table   XCVI.
    2. The Central Region    -------  Table  XCVII.
    3. The Pacific Region     -------  Table XCVIII.
    4. Consolidated table for the United States      -    -    -  Table  XCIX.

    The boundaries  observed in the  construction of these tables are the same as those
employed for the previous fiscal year.

    To these tables has been added—
        A General Summary  -------  Table C;
which completes the tables on the sickness and mortality of white troops. 
612                          SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
                 TABLE  XCVI.

Abstract of the Sickness and  Mortality
Year..
Month.
Mean Strength in Field and Garrison
In General hospitals...................
LIST OF DISEASES.
   CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
       Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever...................................
Typhus Fever..................................*.
Typho-Malarial Fever.............................
Yellow Fever..................................
Remittent Fever..................................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever......................
Tertian Intermittent Fever........................
Quartan Intermittent Fever........................
Congestive Intermittent Fever.....................
Acute Diarrhoea...................................
Chronic Diarrhoea..................................
Acute Dysentery..................................
Chronic Dysentery.................................
Erysipelas........................................
Small-pox and Varioloid...........................
Measles...........................................
Scarlet Fever.....................................
Diphtheria........................................
Mumps............................................
Epidemic Catarrh..................................
Other Diseases of this Order.......................
        Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.
Syphilis...........................................
Gonorrhoea.......................................
Orchitis...........................................
Stricture of the Urethra...........................
Purulent Ophthalmia..............................
Serpent Bite......................................
Other Diseases of this Order.......................
        Order III.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy ...........................................
Purpura..........................................
Delirium  Tremens................................
Inebriation.......................................
Chronic Alcoholism................................
Other Diseases of this Order.......................
 CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
           ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout............................................
36. Acute Rheumatism...............................,
37. Chronic Rheumatism..............................
38. Anaemia...........................................
39. Cancer...........................................
40. Tumors..........................................
41. Other Diseases of this Order......................
         Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption.....................................
43. Scrofula.........................................
44. Other Diseases of this Order......................
     CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch...........................................
46. Tape-worm....................................
47. Other Intestinal Worms........................
4d. Other Diseases of this Order...................
Carried forward.
1805.
July.
118,546.
  7,340.
Cases.  Deaths,
203
  2
171
,587
.696
,439
 237
  72
,723
 626
 961
  49
  98
   4
   8
   1
  14
  30
 152
 682

 500
 633
  57
   7
  10
108
  1
 44
 83
 15
  2
466
254
 48
  2
  2
140
  fi
 32
 21
 24
169
 28
187
  5
  9
  2
17,247
31
August.
73,293.
 3,272.
Cases.  Deaths
  136
    4
  123
   16
1,223
2,731
1,970
  125
   48
2,438
  315
  418
   40
   38
    4
    3
  5
 16
 70
382

408
600
 65
  7
 16
  1
248
151
 41
12
11,928
227
September.
October.
50,386.
 1,750.
Cases.  Deaths,
79
1,101
2,316
1,966
   99
   52
1,429
  169
  230
   27
   23
   5
   1
   2
   4
   7
   72
  256

  403
  450
   63
   6
   21
134
 98
 24
17
42,786.
   916.
NOVEMBKH.

  33,310.
    486.
Cases.  Deaths.  Cases. Death*
72
  684
2,090
1,676
  158
   42
  976
  204
  196
   20
   18
   6
 92
144

413
417
 53
142
103
  9
12
9,276
186
69
7,820
171 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 186G.                 613
    TABLE XCVI.



of the Atlantic Region.
1805!			1800.													
	DECEMBER.		January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
-	28,504.		22,352.		17,784.		17, 267.		13,048.		10,404.		12,187.		36, 656.	
315.			219.		147.		87.		79.		61.			52.	1,227.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	22	5	11	2	9		12	4	5	2	4	1	5	2	650	272
2 3 4 5					1 5	1 2		1							8 478	12
	7		1								1		o	1		
															16 5,307	96
	132	2	54		37	1	53		59		53		106			
6	600	1	195		122		' 163		180		184		163		12,481	15
7	467		198		168		184		174		144		237		10, 590	14
8	39		21		9		4		16		10		20		831	
9 10	6 471	0 1					2 218		1 186		8 220		3 509		242 12, 315	75 60
			252		194											
11	56	16	46	8	18	4	40	3	12		25		21	1	1,603	381
12	68		61		30		31		54		46		46		2,274	70
13	4	1	5		1		2		1		4		3		166	26
14	31	1	14	1	7		11	1	9		11		6	1	275	5
15	27	I	17	3	16	3	22	6	9		3		3	1	121	22
16	1		3		1		2		2		2		2		25	1
17 lfl			1 8		2 1										6 47	2
	3						3		1							
19 20	16 30		5 30				6 39	1	7 33		5 42		2 25		110 675	1
					71											
21	102	1	118		43		56	1	55		148		199	1	2,313	37
22	302		214	1	160		170		158		140		161		3,363	4
23	266		190		134		168		136		142		128		3,616	
24	31		24		» 17		25		20		15		16		423	
25 26 27 28	6 7						1		2 3						40 77	1
			3							.......	2					
																
	2		3		2		3		3		1		3		27	1
29 30 31	4 1 15	1	1 3 13				11		4		12 1 12	1	4 1 8		219 9 263	1 17
					1 14											
							20	, 2	9							
3!	12		11		17		24		24	1	23		8		346	6
33	2		4	1	3		3	2	1		1		1		55	6
34					1										1	1
35 36															3 1,567	2
	104		82		61		71		54		46		44			
37	57		42		31	1	60		21		20		15		949	1
38 39 40 41 42	8 1 1				5				1						142 3 31 13 114	3 1 2 98
																
		1					2		3 4 5		6		4 4 4	2		
			1 5	2	1 5											
	6	6				4	5	1		4	2	3				
43	4		2		2		4		4		4		2		81	
44 45			2 43										1 37		4 812	
	71				42		69		49		63					
46 47 48	1		1				1		1 1 4				2 1 5		13 15 30	
																
			6		5		5									
__	2,983	40	1,690	18	1,236	16	1,490	22	1,311	7	1,405	5	1,801	9	62,749	1,327
 
614
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCVL—ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
					1805.				-------	
										
	July.		August.		September.		l			
									November.	
	118,546. 7,340.		73,293. 3,272.		50,386. 1,750.		42,786. 916.		33,310.	
										
									486.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases. Deaths.		Cases. 4,562	Deaths. 80
	17,247 4 49 513 4 3	546 3 1 9 2 1 1 9 2	11,928 3 31 274 3 4 2 11 129 5 29 7 4	227 2 1 4 2	9,276 o 28 137 4 5 1	186 2 2 3	7,820 1 14 103 4 5	171 1 1 1		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
									9 51 2 I 1	1
										
										
										
										
	4 16 221 13 107 6 14 2 203 2 64 6 20 13 56						1 12 75 2 1 2	1		
				1 1 2	15 69 3 4 3 4 1 84 7 8 1 9 4 20 2	1 1			4 40	1
										
										
										
									4 3 1 52 1 4 1 4 2 13	3
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
							2 77 11 8 4 5 3 11			
			145 8 24 1 13 6 18 7							
										
										
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
										
										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.							1 4 1			
	34 8 2 3	3 1	12	3	10	1 • 1		2	7 1	2
										
			2 3 1	1 1	1 2					
							3		1	1
										
										
	45 24 2 46 380 96 2 12 48 77 84 20 90 394 723 220	2 1 2 I 14 1 3 2 3	25 9 2 32 149 55 5 18 39 37 9 21 204 403 194 1 5 115	1 1 11 1 3 2	15 7 5 17 118 34 1 8 9 26 18 5 8 132 198 100 1 8 56	1 1 7 2 2	6 4 2 19 147 50 1 7 12 33 33 3 14 99 151 21		5 o 1 9 256 35	
										
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
										
										
										
								8 1 1	1 14 24 21	6
										
										
										
										
									34 40 115 5 1 6 28	3
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............................................										
										
										
										
	6 212	3				2	9 48			
										
										
	1 12 85 4									
			g 36		3 33		3 15 3		3 14	
										
1 101. Haemorrhage from Stomach...........										
Carried forward...........									5,378	97
	21,197	610	14, 037	264	10,502	212	8,850	187		
1 ..............										
 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1866.
615
TABLE XCVL—ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
	1805.		__!	1800.													
DECEMBER				January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
2^,504. 315.				22,352. 219.		17,784. 147.		17,267. 87.		13,048. 79.		10,404. 61.		12,187. ' ' 52.		36, 656. 1,227.	
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 9] 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	Cases. 2,983 2 6 45 2 1 1	Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
		40 2		1,690 5 23 2 1	18 1 1	1,236	16	1,490	22	1,311	7	1,405 1 10 25 2	5 1	1,801 2 8 27 2 1	9 1 1	62,749 15 178 1,289 31 23 4 9 69 701 31 150 58 33 7 794 46 120 28 70 43 170 12 1 85 11 6 17 3 2 100 53 23 140 1,992 374 4 39 135 • 349 295 62 361 1,080 2,160 625 3 40 557 2 5 38 215 12	1,327 12 3 3 19 9 1 1 1 3 10 9 12 4 1 2 2 2 2 2 4 . 2 1 67 2 6 1 4 8 1 11 1
						2 33 3 1		9 37 1 1	1 1	7 21 2	1						
																	
																	
																	
		1								1							
						1 1 15 1						1 1 14 1 2 10					
	3 51 3			3 23						o 18 1				1 25 1 7 9			
								21 1									
																	
																	
	1 3					4		9 1	1	3 2							
				2													
						1 28 5 2 5 5 1 11											
	47 3			26 1				42 3		24 1 1 1 5 2 6 1		29 2 1 2 3 2 4 1		37 2 8 1 2 1 10 1			
																	
																	
				2				4 1 3 9									
	3 3 8																
				3 4													
																	
																	
																	
	1 1			4	2			4		5		3	1	1			
																	
										1 2							
				1				2 1 1 1 1 2 3 138 26									
	1	2															
														1			
	2 4 1 1 204 23									1							
						1 2 2 245 10						1 4 1 61 12					
									1					2 2 46 10			
				4 165 16						4 83 7							
																	
		2															
								2 3 29 19 8 49 37 117 3	4 1	3 4 14 23 2 24 19 64 9	6 1	1 1 6 7 4 19 30 45 1					
	14 23 14 3 27 35 113 5 1 20			5 32 16 3 22 24 71 2	4	4 31 12 2 39 16 83 2	1						3	3 15 11 3 14 50 77 63			
		3															
																	
																	
																	
																	
																	
		1															
				1 12				3 15 2	1					1 15			
						12				14		10					
																	
				1 1 2								2		1 1 4			
	2 12 3							2 5		3 4							
						3 2	1					2					
																	
																	
	3,675	51		2,167	26	1,821	18	2,105	32	1,695	15	1,726	10	2,266	11	75, 419	1,533
 
616
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XCVI.—ATLANTIC  REGION-Concluded.
Mean Strength in Field and Garrison.
In General Hospitals...................
LIST OF DISEASES.
               Brought forward.......................

 ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
102. Haemorrhage from Bowels..........................
103. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................,
104. Inflammation of Stomach...........................
105. Inflammation of Bowels............................
106. Inflammation of Peritonaeum.......................,
107. Acute Inflammation of Liver.......................
108. Chronic Inflammation of Liver......................
109. Jaundice..........................................
110. Piles..............................................
111. Other Diseases of this Order........................
 Ordbr VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
112. Stone and Gravel...................................
113. Diabetes...........................................
114. Bright's Disease....................................
115. Diseases of Prostate...............................,
116. Diseases of Testis..................................
117. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
118. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
119. Incontinence of Urine..............................
120. Hydrooele.........................................
121. Other Diseases of this Order........................
      Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis...................................
123. Caries.......................................
124. Inflammation of Joints........................
■125. Inflammation of Bones........................
126. Inflammation of Periosteum...................
127. Necrosis.....................................
128. Other Diseases of this Order..................
    ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System
129. Abscess........................................
130. Boils..........................................
131. Carbuncle....................................,
132. Whitlow......................................,
133. Skin Diseases..............................
   CLASS V.—WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS, AND
                    INJURIES.
      Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns...........................................
135. Contusions.......................................
136. Concussion of Brain...............................
137. Drowning.........................................
138. Sprains...........................................
139. Dislocation.......................................
140. Simple Fractures.................................
141. Compound Fractures..............................
142. Gunshot Wounds..................................
143. Incised Wounds...................................
144. Lacerated Wounds................................
145. Punctured Wounds................................
146. Poisoning.........................................
147. Other Accidents and Injuries.......................
148. Ordbr II.—Homicide.....................
149. ORDER III.—Suicide..............
150. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence.
1805.
July.
118, 546.
  7,340.
Cases.  Deaths.
21,197
  4
154
 25
 18
  2
 30
 19
338
290
 48
221
703
 48
147
241
 39
378
  6
226
 19
 44
  2
 66
110
 41
 25
 48
24,628
610
691
August.
73,293.
 3,272.
Cases.
14,037
 15
 17
  4
 24
 11
307
163
 13
147
488
 24
102
158
 17
248
  2
130
  7
 20
  1
 50
 72
 45
 18
 11
  9
16,301
Deaths.
 2
 1
24
315
September.
50,386.
 1,750.
Cases.
10,502
  1
 53
 10
 13
  3
 11
 11
196
 67
  6
 95
274
 19
 51
 92
 12
115
109
  6
 14
 .2
 39
 25
 27
  5
  4
  6
11,805
Deaths.
212
240
October.
November.
43,786.
   916.
33,310.
  486.
Cases.  Deaths,
8,850
 65
 18
  6
  4
  5
  7
145
 77
  4
 74
135
 12
 31
 63
 15
109
9,835
187
214 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.
617
TABLE XCVI.-ATLANTIC REGION-Concluded.
180-Decemb		»•	1800.													
		ER.	January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
28,504. j 22,352. 315. 219.					17,784. 147.		17,267. 87.		13,048. 79.		10,404. 61.		12,187. 52.		36,656. 1,227.	
	Cases.	Deaths. Cases.		Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.	
	3,675	51 j 2,167		26	1, 821	18	2,105	32	1,695	15	1,726	10	2,266	11	75,419	1,533
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111			1 83 4 3												11 992 106 61 16 114 69 1,145 786 101	3 3 11 12 10 3 2 5 3
	126 5 1	1		1	133 5 1		80 5		49 4 1 1 4 o 5 17 13		35 2		20 4			
												1				
	8 7 65 33		2	1	1		7 4 4 22 5				3		8			
			11 26		11 29 3						4 10		9 12 4			
112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121	5 2		1		6		1 2		1		3				64 11 11 1 11 92 42 86 14 34	1 I 2 4
																
					1				1							
	1 5 10 5 10 1 3															
			........						2 1 2 5							
		1	....... 4		1		3 o 4				1		2			
			1 1 3		3						4		3			
					3		2		3		1		4			
122 123 124 123 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133					1 3 2 1								1		8 10 41 5 16 19 5 836 2 242 137 468 1,042	2 3 1
							2 3									
	6		4						3		1 2 1		6 2 1 1 1 31 80 4 9 57			
	3 1 1 64 114 2 20 96						1									
																
			2 34 82 5 19 61								1 22 63 3 15 56					
					30 59 6 14 63	1	39 72 6 19 66		28 49 4 13 35							
134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147	17 141 3	1	20 118		4 94 1 60 3 6	1 1	12 95		16 70 1		5 84		4 89 1 63	1 2	170 1,649 16	1 3 7 23 1 3 9 86 5 1 2 1 20
				3			57 1 9 1 18 36 26 14 1 12	1 1 2				4				
	48 4 10 1 20 38 18 10 1 10	1	48 1 10 1 14 20 34 9						49 1 7 15 26 20 8	1 2	53 2 8				968 58 149 13 303 474 293 121 70 118	
													4			
				2 1 1 1	16 29 18 7	3					8 27 13 6	2	13 29 16 11 4 5	1 1		
		3	34		11				5		9					
148 149 150		1						2								6 9
						2								1		
																
	4,590															
		59	2,825	36	2,446	26	2,737	38	2,156	18	2,170	17	2, 764	17	88, 417	1,778
78 
618
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
          TABLE XCVII.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1805.				N "VI-: Mil Kit. 37,073. 745.	
										
	July.		August.		September.		OCTODER.			
										
	165,740. 7,861.		116, 069. 4,891.		74,197. 2,588.		56,735. 1,544.			
										
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Coses.	Deaths.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. ORDER I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	188 7 746	145 4 77	127 9 198	91 2 41	86 1 77	51	69	30	22 2 33	13 5
										
						24	62	12		
										
	3,202 5,328 4,631 370 177 7,341 1,101 2,002 196 173 15 64	65 5 6 33 44 214 66 33 4 10 9	3,030 5,625 4,490 341 140 4,352 590 1,286 105 100 7 10	47 3 1 1 50 27 129 54 19 2 1 1	1,612 4,090 2,690 278 75 2,633 452 915 86 40 4 3	30 6 2 34 12 108 43 22 4 3	1,098 2,484 2,354 224 61 1,623 291 624 53 30 8 5	17 3 21 9 72 31 17 1 5	305 1,37)7 1,179 142 30 780 153 239 17 17 28 16	1 1 6 4 37 11 12 6
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
	20 68 257 791 578 775 57 5 93 3 11 334 21 27 69 12	1 8 4 1 3 1	5 15 155 659 361 508 49 16 37 9 5 343 6 23 49 10	4 1 7 1 1	8 10 89 431 204 294 24 5 14 5 4 371 3 12 31 2	2 1	3 4 72 276 175 199 20 9 13	4 1	2 8 71 200 178 202 21 1 18	
										
										
										
ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis.............................................										
										
24. Orchitis.................................										
										
										
27. Serpent Bite........................................										
						1 2	13 213 3 12 13 2			1
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................								1	113	1
										
								2 2	16 20 5	
										
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.			11 380 145 47 1 17 2 33 21	2 2 1	1 209 136 28	2 1	1 199 111 54			
	544 392 107 5 19 3 54 37	4 1 1 24 1							148 67 11	
										
										
										
				10	4 1 11 7	10	4 1 13 4		0	
										
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.								6	12 4	3
										
										
j CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch...................	283 4 11 4	........	132 3 5 3		69 4 1 1		60	J 54		
										
i 47. Other Intestinal Worms........							o			
1^. Other Diseases of this Order.....										
										1 100
Carried forward........	30,125	764	23,460	498	15,021	358	10,462	234	5,474	
-										J______
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3.
619
   TABLE XCVII.



of the Central Region.
—	1805.								1800.							
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	34,126.		31, 045.		26,433.		21,	144.	20,518.		15,078.		14, 650.		51,092.	
	470.		317.		294.		209.			93.	47.		20.		1, 590.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	12	7	10	6	11	2	8	1	7	4	8	2	5		553	352
0 3 4 5			1 4												20 1,152	6 165
	10	2		1			1	1	1		2		18	2		
																
	174		109		108		84		90		94	1	168	1	10, 074	162
6	719		444		413	1	380		275		190		243		21, 548	16
7	C25		506		237		231		229		233		323		17, 728	12
8	45		29		18		IS		12		16		43		1,536	1
9	6	3	6	2	4		3	1	2		2	1	10		516	151
10	584	1	662		506		382		441	1	539		777	1	. 20,620	99
11	89	30	71	22	43	8	31	6	30	3	34	6	50	2	2,935	637
12	170	4	110		83	1	82		80	1	97		91	1	5,779	212
13	12	7	4	2	2	2	5	1	9	1	5	2	9	1	503	119
14	23	1	14		17		23		12		14		19		482	12
15	24	8	29	1	30	5	38	5	25	5	2		3		213	49
16 17 18 19	9		5		4		11		2		2				131	10
									1	1	1 3				2 76	1 1
	12 6		j 5				14						4			
			3		7		10		4		3		6		144	
20	92		i 129		57		66		23		17		33		1,061	
21	70		99		30		37		22		31		67		2,713	18
22	192		162		142		154		155	2	142		148		2,591	5
23	249		158		185		144		127		110		106		3,057	
24	21		i 26		25		22		16		14		17		312	
25 26			1 3 ! 11		4 2		3 4		2 4		3 5		2 5		53 220	
	14															
27 28															17 54	1
	1		2		5		1		2		3		7			
29	89	1	102	2	88	1	156	5	183	1	67		29		2,088	25
30 31			2 5		4 9				1 5						40 153	6
	5						19	o			8		12			
32	12		16	1	27		77		23		14		7		358	4
11	2		1		3		6				7		1		51	4
"M											1				1	
35 36					1 110		5 98		1 94		1 65				21 2,203	9
	152		137	1									67			
37	60		51		49		59		51		36		39		1,196	3
38	8		1		1		2		3		1		4		267	3
39	5 0 14	1 1 3					1 2				1				8 58	1 1
			3 2 5		1 2 4											
41 42				6					1 5	1	2 10				16 178	67
						2	5	1				1	12			
43	3		4		4		13		12		5		11		125	1
44 45																
	81		90		81		77		50		34		50		1,061	
46 47 48							2 2		1 2						14 25 9	
	I															
											1					
																
	3,593	69	3,021	44	2,317	22	2,276	23	2,004	20	1,823	13	2,386	8	101,962	2,153
 
620                   SIGKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XC VIL—CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
Year ...........................................					IS)	>•">.				
										
	July.		August.		September.					
									^"W'MIIRR,	
	165, 740. 7,861.		116,069. 4, 891.		74,197. 2,588.				----—	
In general Hospitals............................							1,544.		37,073. 745.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases,	Deaths.
	30,125 2 33 571 14 3 o 6 48 391 8 109 7 8 1 738 15 92 4 57 11 80 9 4 • 25 4 4 3 2 34 22 3 30 478 71 6 14 19 116 151 26 26 466 1,067 248 3 24 142 3 4 14 110 2	764 5 1 1 8 3 1 2 2 13 1 3 ]	23,460 ■ 7 23 314 11 2 4 o 21 254 8 65 3 7 1 560 15 45 5 54 9 59 6 1 15 2 1 3	498 6 2 2 3 1 6 2	15,021 1 23 196 8 4 1 2 8 138 7 9 1 2 2 232 5 41 2 20 3 30	358 1 1 6 1 1 1 2 1	10,462 1 36 96 4 1 '5 5 114 3	234 1 1 2 1	5,474 1 4 78 4 1 2 1	100 1 3 1
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
									1	
										
							4	1		
ORDER II.—Diseases of Eye.									1 1 139 4 7 o 8 1 11	
										
							177 4 16 1 16 2 17 1			
										
										
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
										
70. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
72. Valvular Disease of Heart...........................				6 1	8 3	2 2 1	4 1 1	1 1	7 2	1 1
										
										
75. Inflammation of Pericardium.........................									1	
76. Inflammation of Endocardium......................					1					
77. Inflammation of Veins............................		1	3 24 14 2 31 260 33	1 1	1 11 4					
							7 4		o	
										
80. Other Diseases of this Order.........................									1 7 178 24	2
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.					9 139 17 1 6 15 29 41 7 4 215 406 133	10 2	14 196 43 1 4 16 47 35 8 11 171 219 59	2		
										
										
										
		1 28 1 1 3 3 3	12 14 51 68 21 18 360 748 173 6 16 122	1 10 2 1 6				5 1 1	2L.	
									18 18 28 5 24 70 114 18 2 1 35	13 1 1 1
										
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic........................................										
										
										
94. Cirrhosis of Liver...................................										
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease........................					10 82	5 1	14 44 4 4 2 14	1		
96. Dyspepsia..........................										
97. Diseases of Pancreas............										
98. Diseases of Spleen.........			2 9 57 ■2		2 7 23 2	1			1 i 7	........
99. Fistula in Ano.......										
100. Hernia........									! 21 i-	
101. Hemorrhage from Stomach							1 11,889			
										-----------------■—
Carried forward......	35,457	846	27, 003	549	16,931	396		252	6,411	123
										J------■
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.
621
TABLE XCVII.-CENTRAL REGION-Continued.
~180		5.							18(10.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
34,126. 470.			31,045. 317.		26,433. 294.		21,	444. 209.	20,518. 93.		15,078. 47.		14, 650. 20.		51, 092. 1,590.	
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	3,593 2 6 44 2 1 18 42	69 1 1 1 ........	3,021 9 38 1 1	44 1 2	2,317 1 7 61 6 1	22 1 1	2,276	23	2,004 1 5 28 5	20	1, 823	13	2,386	8	101, 962 16 167 1,525 62 14 10 19 113 1,278 33 191 23 32 7 2,453 64 230 35 183 36 242 26 10 66 11 8 11 4 7 112 50 15 121 2,393 298 9 55 189 417 417 85 335 1,577 3,385 692 11 77 530 7 17 56 285 12	2,153 17 6 1 27 8 3 4 3 22 8 16 6 3 1 1 1 6 1 5 96 4 2 2 3 14 1 12 1 1
							7 29 3	1 1			8 19 1 2	1	6 51 3			
																
			1 3 57 3		1 2 62 1											
							1 45		1 29		4 24		2 37 2 7 2	1		
											1 1					
	3 4 1 119 2 2 10 3 1 5			1	5	1	1	1	3							
			3													
							1 70 2 6 3 3 1 5 2									
			145 4 5 1 4 1 11 1		85 7 7 2 5 2 11				69 3 5 2 7 1 4 3		68 3 3 2 3 1 5		51			
													1 1 3 3 4 4 1 4			
											4 3					
	3	2	5 1		3 1 1 1		3	1	6	1						
						1										
	2															
											1	1				
			1 4 1													
	4 2 2 6 210 35	........			6 1		7 1 1 8 159 10		5	........	3		5 1 1			
									3 1 134 8		2 6 72 16					
		1	5 246 22		4 264 15 1 4 17 23 11 1 42 54 116 6	1 1 8										
													57 4			
	2 14 42 14 3 18 43 157 3						3 24 28 15 5 80 36 109 6	6	2 10 18 18 1 32 20 89 7	4	5 8 4 12 4 26 33 96 15		1 9 8 9 3 22 72 142 19	2		
		1 6 1 1	25 33 15 1 32 37 122 5	1 4												
	6 17	2	2 19	1	2 15								2 21			
							16		8		9					
98	2 3 10										1 2 9		1 1 4 4			
99 100 101 .			3 7		3 8		2 7		3 15 1							
																
	4,456	86 j	3,895	54	3,182	36	2,975	33	2,551	25	2,299	15	2,954	11	120,003	2,428
 
622
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE  XCVH.—CENTRAL REGION-Concluded.
Year..
Month.
18(15.
July.
Mean Strength in Field and Garrison.
In General Hospitals...................
165,740.
  7, 861.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases, i Deaths.
               Brought forward........................  35,457

 ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.

102. Haemorrhage from Bowels........................
103. Inflammation of Tonsils..........................
104. Inflammation of Stomach.........................
105. Inflammation of Bowels..........................
106. Inflammation of Peritonamm......................
107. Acute Inflammation of Liver.....................
108. Chronic Inflammation of Liver....................
109. Jaundice........................................
110. Piles............................................
111. Other Diseases of this Order......................
 ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.

112. Stone and Gravel..................................
113. Diabetes..........................................
114. Bright's Disease...................................
115. Diseases of Prostate...............................
116. Diseases of Testis.................................
117. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
118. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
119. Incontinence of Urine.............................
120. Hydrocele........................................
121. Other Diseases of  this Order.......................
      ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis...................................
123. Caries.......................................
124. Inflammation of Joints........................
125. Inflammation of Bones........................
126. Inflammation of Periosteum...................
127. Necrosis.....................................
128. Other Diseases of this Order..................
     Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System,
129.  Abscess..........................................
130.  Boils............................................
131.  Carbuncle........................................
132.  Whitlow.........................................
133.  Skin Diseases....................................

  CLASS V.—WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS,  AND
                    INJURIES.
      ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134.  Burns...........................................
135.  Contusions.......................................
136.  Concussion of Brain..............................
137.  Drowning........................................
138.  Sprains..........................................
139.  Dislocation......................................
140.  Simple Fractures........................ ........
141.  Compound Fractures.............................
142.  Gunshot Wounds.................................
143.  Incised Wounds..................................
144.  Lacerated Wounds...............................
145.  Punctured Wounds...............................
146.  Poisoning........................................
147.  Other Accidents and Injuries......................
148.  Order II.—Homicide............................
149. ORDER HI.—Suicide..............
150. ORDER TV.—Execution of Sentence.
Total..................................  39,354
 21
112
 22
 23
  6
 68
 88
437
377
 74
20
 1

 1
11
57
12
11
 3
10


 5
 5
24
 1
11
 7
 1


249
787
 63
165
243
 42
239
  3
234
 25
 34
  8
103
138
 29
 47
 23
 55
August.
116,069.
  4,891.
September.
74,197.
 2,588.
Cases.  Deaths.  Cases.
27, 003
  3
 73
 24
 33
  7
 40
 22
390
217
 15
938
549
228
699
 51
195
202
 17
192
  1
153
 10
 30
  4
 65
 78
 36
 32
 29
 34
29,999
16,931
 12
 46
  9
 15
  2
 15
 17
202
131
  7
Deaths.
396


  1

  1
  8
  2
  1
  1
  3
109
419
 18
 74
177
October.
56,735.
 1,544.
November.

  37,073.
    745.
Cases.  Deaths. J Cases, j Deathi.
  4
 62
 12
  9
  1
 11
 29
130
 78
  3
609
18,657
  3
  1


 69
209
 10
 39
112
440
12,998
6,411
275
125
7,172
143 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.
TABLE XCVIL—CENTRAL REGION-Concluded.
	18G£	:R.							1800.							
DECEMBl			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
34,12t 47C			31,045. 317.		26,433. 294.		21,444. 209.		20,518. 93.		15,078. 47.		14,650. 20.		51,092. 1,590.	
—	Cases. 4,456	Deaths. 86	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			3,895	54	3,182	36	2,975	33	2,551	25	2,299	15	2,954	11	120,003	2,428
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 PI	1 68 3 1 2 7 4 37 52 4 5 2 1	1 1 2 1	2 58 2 1 1 4 4 19 46		9 64 1 1	1	1 60 5 1	2 1	3 24 1 1 1 4 3 8 17 1 3	2	1 30 3 3		1 31 4		61 666 90 90 23 169 175 1,345 1,119 149	6 1 11 26 16 8 6 14 5
																
				1	5 2 16 37 3		4 1 14 37 9				4	1	3			
											9 28		5 39 27	1		
			2 2 I				3 2		3 2		2		1		62 18 16 2 42 176 60 58 17 41	1 4 1 1
				1	3											
																
																
	3 8 7		3 3 3 6		3 7 2 5				5 3		1 4 I 3 1		1 1			
							2									
									5 1 3				2 ........			
							1 2									
		1											5			
122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133					2		1 1 3				2				13 8 82 9 22 23 7 894 2,881 187 648 1,066	1 3 2
	1 2 1 3 1 37 116 9 26 49															
					4				4		7 1 2		14 1 1 2			
			2 1 1 1 42 118 12 16 35													
							1 1									
									2 1 18 97 2 28 27							
					1 41 94 10 13 31											
							20 75 2 28 51				19 80 5 16 42		30 93 1 16 44			
134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147	15 135 3	1	13 161 2	2 7 2 3	20 101 1 81 10 9 3 13 25 11 7 2 93	2 1 2 1 3 8	8 119 1 101 5 14 1 12 43 10 11 3 12	1	6 92 2 62 6 10	2	7 103 1 63 5 7 2 14 38 19 4 6	1 1 3	9 110 1 51 1 5 1 9 36 8 8 12 3	9 1 2	176 1,510 20	3 7 4 37 1 5 78 7 14 3 31
	82 3 15 2 15 38 8 15 4 140	2 2	83 4 13 1 19 46 20 10 2 46												1,153 79 175 26 399 618 199 172 104 401	
								3 1 1 1	19 40 10 4 1 3	3 3						
																
148 149 150						3 1		3	........	1						17
		1												1		1 19
			1													1 1
	5,381	98	4,703	70	3,914	58	3,640	48	3,072	36	2,832	21	3,532	25	135, 254	2,761
 
G24
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
          TABLE XCVI1I.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					IHR/V					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November. 12,146. Cases, Dcathi.	
Mean Strength...................................										
	11, 251.		12,134.		12, 946.					
								Deaths.		
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.			
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	3 1 7	1 1	9 1	2 1	7	1	11	1 1	3 1 2	3
										
										
	38 97 95 11 9 233 19 28 2 5	1	43 206 52 1 31 241 48 38 4 3	1 1 1	65 477 72 1 3 258 38 50 8 6	2 2 1 1 1 1	60 373 145 11 5 283 49 37 4 11	1 3 1 1	39 347 98 11	1 1 1
										
										
										
										
									160 22 35 2 17	1 2
										
										
										
										
										
					10		20		7	
										
			1				5		4 1 40 17 143 55 14 3 8	o
	2 44 32 142 78 10									
			21 36 175 89 13 1		23 22 171 73 15 2 1	1	41 23 199 69 14 1 4	1		
21. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.										
										
24. Orchitis............................................										
										
	1									
27. Serpent Bite.......................................										
	5 55		1 102		7 47 2 4 20	2	5 29		5 21	
ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy..........................................										
										
	4 47 1	1 1	4 21 2	1		1	5 25 2	1	5 15	
										
										
34. Other Diseases of this Order.........................					1					
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...........................................	1 96 56 4									
			91 57 4		85 82 1		108 91 3		107 75 2	
										
										
										
			2 4 8 8		3 7 6 3		9 1 13 1 2 3 5 1	1	2 3 6 1	5
	o 6'	2								
Order 11.—Tubercular Diseases.										
43. Scrofula.............................										
44. Other Diseases of this Order..................										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch..........	1 1		1 3		2 2			...... 10		
46. Tape-worm.........										
47. Other Intestinal Worms.........										
										
Carried forward.......										16
	1,136	7	1,321	7	1,574	13	1,688	11	1,281	
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.                 625
  TABLE XCYIII.



of the Pacific Region.
	1805		1800.													
December. 13,396.			January. February.				March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			12,972. | 11,761.				11,774.		8,392.		7,823.		8,511.		11,332.	
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 • 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48	Cases. 2 1 1	Deaths. 2	Cases.	Deaths.! Cases.		Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			4	1	12		8		11		8		4		82 3 17	11 3
									1		1		4			
																
	41 200 100 4 2 217 36 35 3 13	1	28 116 39 12		29 43 43		38 59 72 9 1 105 18 11 1 13	2	21 64 88 4 1 118 9 8 1 11		20 58 84		20 87 80 16 2 158 10 17 2 4	1 1	442 2,127 968 80 55 2,160 289 309 31 111	4 1 1 4 15 4 7 2
					1 88 6 8	1 1										
		2 2	145 21 11 1 14	2						1	154 13 31 3 11					
					3											
	3														40	
																
	5														15 14 465 242 1,557 675 128 25 35 1 28 516 14 44 258 10 1 4 1,051 802 42	6 2 4 1 4 2 1 1
			1 26 20 92 45 10 1 2		1 36 19 92 28 5 3 3		9 133 8 126 59 11 4 6									
	59 23 166 64 9 2 3	2							17 17 88 23 7 2 6		15 10 79 30 11 2 1 1 1 48 1 3 13 3	1	10 15 84 42 9 4	1		
																
	1 20	1	1 46				2 26 4 5 24									
					43 2 2 7	1			50 5 2 23	1			29			
	7 14	1	3 11 i	1												
													38 1			
																
	1 130 90 2		l 87 70 9						1 60 49 1							
					62 61 6	1	74 79 3				71 58 3		80 34 4			
	2		3 1 2 2				4 1 10 6	3	1 1 2 1		1		2 1 2	1	29 22 67 33 6 103 16 1 3	19
					1 4 3 4 8	3										
	3 4	1								1	5 4	2				
																
	17 2		15				12 1		10 1		11		13 1			
																
							1				2					
																
	1,282	• 12	840	4	623	7	943 1	5	704	3	756 3		773	4	12,921	92
79 
626
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XCVHL—PACIFIC REGION—Continued.
					18H5					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		"------	
									November.	
	11,251.		12,134.		12,946.		12,883.		~----------■------.	
									12,146.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.	
	1,136 1 9 12 3	7	1,321	7	1,574	13	1,688	11	1,281 2 2 27 3 1 3	16 1
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
		1	6 9 2 1	1	6 14 1 1 1		9 19 3			
										
										
										
							4	1		
										
	1 23 1 2 2						2 34 3		2 26	
		1	27 4 2 14		30 4 2 17	1				
										
								......1'"		
							2 2 1 29 2		3	1
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
			2 32 5		1 45 2 1 2 2					
	38 9 3 2 1								13 1	
										
										
			4 4				3 2 2 6		2 6 2 10 1	
ORDER III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
	8 1 2 3 1 2 2 1		6 2		4 2 1 3					
70. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
			3 4				1		3	
										
										
75. Inflammation of Pericardium........................			3 1				1		1 1	
76. Inflammation of Endocardium.......................										
										
	2		1 1		1 1				2	
										
80. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	2 3 50 7						1 3 82 14	1	1 5 75 19	
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.			2 38 5		1 38 6					
										
										
										
	o 5 2 19									
			1 1 16 4	1	1 12 9	2	7 14 20 4 20 28 107 2		9 15 23	3
										
										
										
90. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	6 8 115 4 3 3 24				30 22 118 5 2 5 18				15 11 74 1	
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic..........................................			24 128 19 2	1						
										
93. Cholera Morbus.................................										
										
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease........................						1			1 15	1
			19				19 !........			
										
9£. Diseases of Spleen...........	1						1 ........ 1			
99. Fistula in Ano...........			2 4	........ 2						
100. Hernia......	3						5 ..! 7 1			
										
Carried forward.....									1,664	22
	1,522	9	1,719	10	1,988	17	2,140	13		
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.                    627
TABLE XCVIH.—PACIFIC REGION—Continued.
	1805		1800.													
—	■ DECEMBER.		January. 1 February.				March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
13,396.			12,972.		11, 761.		11,774.		8, 392.		7,823.		8,511.		11,332.	
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	Cases. 1,282 1 5 22 1	Deaths. 12.	Cases.	Deaths. J Cases.		Deaths.	Cases.	Death?.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			840 1 5 13 2	4	623	7	943 o 7 28	5 1	704 1 1 19 1	3	756	3	773	4	12,921 8 65 221 19 5 8 3 15 312 20 9 52 6 5 338 40 27 22 33 10 58 9 8 33 5 3 10 4	92 1 4 3 3 3 1 3 1 1
					3 16						4 17		8 25 3			
					1	1	1	1								
		1 ,														
			3 •													
	1 30 1				1		6 28 3		2 29 1 2 3 1							
		1	28 1		21 1					1	13		23 1 1 3	1		
																
	2 1		1		1		1 2				3	1				
													1 24 2 1 2 1 1 3	! !		
	22 3		27 3		18 2 3 3 7 1 6		31 2 8 1 4		28 2 6 2 1 1 1		31 7 5					
			1 3 1 4 I 1 3													
	2 1 5															
											1 2					
							3 2									
	1 5			1	2 2	1							1 1			
							5	1	3	2	i					
	1	1			1											
											2					
					1											
																
	1 2				1 4 3 5 90 12						1		1		10 12 10 41 922 135 1 5 81 155 193 16 137 212 1,115 51 7 17 182	2 1 1 15 2 1 4
						1	3 3 5 90 22		1							
																
	5 148 11		8 117 9 1 1 8 39 25 1 15 16 89 1	1					1 90 8	1	o 64 13		1 40 9			
							1 14 22 19						1			
	11 19 18 4 16 17 85 4	2% 1*		4	11 14 20 2 1 17 89	2		1	7 7 14		7 6 5					
												1	4 5 1 9 24 82 12			
							9 12 87 1		5 11 62 2		11 22 79					
																
	2 7			1	1 5		1 23				2 17		2 13	1		
			8						14							
	1 2 9										1 1 3				9 46 3	
					1 1		1 2									
			5						2 1				1 2			
	1,748	18	1,281	11	990	12	1,392	9	1,033	7	1,076	5	1,081	5	17,634	138
 
628
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOrs
TABLE XCVIIL—PACIFIC REGION-Concluded.
					Isw	55.				
										
	July.		August.		September.		OCTt 12, Cases. 2,140 1 44 1 2 1 6 3 .3 28 4 1	hki:. ■iKl. Deaths. 13		— -
									SoVEMHF.lt.	
	11,	251.	12 i^-		12,946.				------------1	
									12,146. Cases. Death*.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.				
	1,522	9	1,719 1 22 4 4	10	1,988	17			1,664	22
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
	13 3			1	20 2 3	1		1	st; l 7 2 1 1 6 14 26	-
										
										
		1 1								
	4 1 2 18 1		13 1 7 22 2	1	2 3 4 29 3					
										
										
110. Piles................................................										
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
			1 1						1	
					1		1			
	.								1 3 o 1 1	
	2 4				2 4 3 1 1 3					
			7 1				3 1			
										
	2 3 2									
120. Hydrocele..........................................			1 8 1							
							2 1 2		3	
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
123. Caries................... ..........................	2 2									
			2 1						7	
					2		1-			
	1								1	
					1					
							3 11 54			
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	17 34		19 49 5 10 37 7 78		17 26 2 8 23 2 72				32 30 2 9 35 6 90	
131. Boils.................................										
										
' 132. Whitlow................................	7 32 4 65						10 39 1 85			
										
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns.....................................										
										
										
		1-				1 1				
138. Sprains........................................	48		52 5 7		51 8 3 1 23 21 6		44 3 9 3 20 13 10 5 1 2		53 2 6	1 1 ! 1
										
	9 1 22 12 8 6 1 2									
										
			19 20 3 8	1				3 1	21 21 3 5 4 2	
										
144. Lacerated Wounds......................										
145. Punctured Wounds.......................										
					6 3	1				...
147. Other Accidents and Injuries........			1	2						2 1
148. Order II.—Homicide......										
149. Order III.—Suicide___		1						1		
										
Total.............	...............1........				2,344		2, 558		2,0*9 3"	
	1,850	13	2,138	15		21		19		
-----										
 
DURING THE  YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.
629
TABLE XCVIIL—PACIFIC REGION-Concluded.
	1805. !! 1800.															
December. | January.					February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
" l^ax-- j| 12-972-					11,761.		11,774.		8,392.		7,823.		8,511.		11, 332.	
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114	Cases. 1 1,748 1 65 1 2	deaths. 18	Cases. Deaths		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. ■ Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.	
			1,281 i	11	990	12	1,392	9	1,033 1 21 1 2 o 1 2 4 11 4	7 1	1,076 4 15 4 1	5	1,081	5	17, 634 8 355 27 27 6 39 23 58 247 70 2 8 11 1 16 40 13 14 9 32 2 6 18 4 4 1 11 ' 227 431 17 96 371 61 957 8 ..........	138 3 5 2 1 2 1 2 1 4 1 12 1 4 9 7 3
		|i i !	47 ........ 1		15 3 2		48 2 2	1				1	19 5 0 1 5			
			!													
																
			1 4		1		4 3 9 25 12				2 2 3 11 1					
	1 10 28 2			1	2 4 19 5	1										
		i	3 23 5										3 19 5 1 1 1			
					1		1 1				3					
			2						2							
																
		9.			1				1		1 4 1 3		3 5	1		
		"1	3 2		4		1 1 1 1 3									
118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150	2 1								1 1 1 2							
													3 1 3			
		!														
		........1	3		3											
		........1 1														
	2 1	,i | i |														
		........ 1					1		1		2		1			
																
		i i			1		1									
																
	2 19 46 4 9 38 6 90 3			........1""									2 20 29			
		1	27 22 1 10 31 10 85		17 30		17 37 1 8 32 11 66 4		18 37 2 2 34 5 70		13 37					
					7 24 4 69 1						6 23 5 99		10 23			
													88			
								1	37	1						
	66 3 10		31 5 6 1 8 17 7 5 2 45		37 2 4 2 19 21 6 13	1 2	40 9 3 5 18 30 25 3				40 2 7 2 13 15 8 1	1 1	34 2 1 2 9 30 7 6 12 2	1	533 41 69 17 197 242 95 61 27 147	
									4							
	15 24 5 6	2 1						1	10 18 7 3 1 7							
	56	. 1		2	12	1	10			1 1	5	2 2				
			1											:(		
															l|.........	
	2,274 .25		1,694	14	1,318	17	1,827	12	1,346	11	1,409	12	1,436	7	22,283	196
 
630
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF .WHITE  TROOPS
                 TABLE  XCIX.

Abstract of the Sickness  and Mortality
Year..
Month.
Mean Strength in Field and Garrison
In General hospitals...................
LIST OF DISEASES.
   CLASS  I.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
       Order I.~-Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever............................
Typhus Fever.............................
Typho-Malarial Fever......................
Yellow Fever..............................
Remittent Fever...........................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever...............
Tertian Intermittent Fever.................
Quartan Intermittent Fever.................
Congestive Intermittent Fever..............
Acute Diarrhoea............................
Chronic Diarrhoea...........................
Acute Dysentery...........................
Chronic Dysentery..........................
Erysipelas.................................
Small-pox and Varioloid....................
Measles....................................
Scarlet Fever..............................
Diphtheria.................................
Mumps.....................................
Epidemic Catarrh...........................
Other Diseases of this Order................
        Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.
Syphilis....................................
Gonorrhoea................................
Orchitis....................................
Stricture of the Urethra....................
Purulent Ophthalmia.......................
Serpent Bite...............................
Other Diseases of this Order................
        ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy ....................................
Purpura...................................
Delirium Tremens.........................
Inebriation................................
Chronic Alcoholism.........................
Other Diseases of this Order................
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
          ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout...................................
36. Acute Rheumatism............_.........
37. Chronic Rheumatism.....................
38. Anaemia.................................
39. Cancer..................................
40. Tumors.................................
41. Other Diseases of this Order.............
          Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption............................
43. Scrofula................................
44. Other Diseases of this Order.............
     CLASS III.-PARASITIC  DISEASES.
45. Itch..........................................
46. Tape-worm.................................
47. Other Intestinal Worms.......................
48. Other Diseases of this Order...........
Carried forward.
1805.
July.
295,537.
 15,201.
Cases.  Deaths.
394
 10
924
 4,827
 8,121
 7,165
   618
   258
12,297
 1,746
 2,991
   247
   276
    19
    72
    1
    34
   100
   453
 1,505

 1,220
 1,486
   124
    12
   104
    3
    19

   497
    22
    75
   199
    28
   3
,106
 702
 159
   7
  21
   5

  91
  60
471
 10
 20
  6
48,508
286
 11
109
106
  6
 10
383
 94
 41
  5
 12
 10
August.
201,496.
  8,163.
Cases.  Deaths
  272
   13
  322
   16
4,296
8,562
6,512
  467
  219
7,031
  953
1,742
  149
  141
   11
   13
   11
   31
  246
1,077

  944
1,197
  127
   24
   53
    9
    6

  497
    7
   64
  134
   31
1,317
 12
719
353
 92
  1
 20
  6

 61
 43
  1


209
  6
  6
  3
36, 709
141
  5
 59
 58
  6
  2
  1
 62
 39
205
 73
 26
  2
  2
  1
September.
137,529.
  4,338.
Cases.  Deaths
177
  1
156
2,778
6,883
4,728
  378
  130
4,320
  659
1,195
  121
   69
    9
   14
    2
   12
   17
  184
  709

  778
  817
  102
   13
   36
    5
   13

  427
    5
   51
   82
    5
    1
  1
428
316
 53
112
  7
  3
  1
 57
 26
143
 57
 26
  5
  5
October.
112,404.
  2,460.
November.
82, 529.
 1,231.
Cases.
191
134
1,842
4,947
4,175
  393
  108
2,882
  544
  857
   77
   59
   14
   25
 12
 12
205
443

787
705
 87
 16
 28
253
  3
 44
 66
  7
  1
449
305
 66
 15
  2

 38
 10
  2


132
  5
  4
  3
19,970
Deaths.  Coses.
 42
 14
113
 41
 21
  2
  6
416 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30;  1866.
631
      TABLE XCLX.



of the  United States Army.
	1865.		1800.													
■~	December.		January.		February.		Marcu.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
76,026.			66,369.		55,978.		50,485.		41,958.		33,305.		35,346.		99, 080.	
785.			536.		441.			296.	172.			108.		72.	2, 817.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	36	14	25	9	32	2	28	5	23	6	20	3	14	2	1,285	635
2 3	1 18				1	1		1							31	21
		3	5	1	5	2	1	1	2		4		24	3	1,647	259
4 5															16 15, 823	262
	347	3	191		174	1	175		170		167	1	294	1		
6	1,519	1	755		578	1	602		519		432		493		36,156	32
7	1,192		743		448		487		491		461		640		29,286	27
8	• 88		62		27		31		32		26		79		2,447	1
9	14	5	6	2	5		6	1	4		10	1	15		813	230
10	1,272	2	1,059		788		705		745	1	913		1,414	1	35,095	159
11	181	48	138	32	67	13	89	11	51	4	72	6	81	4	4,827	1,033
12	273	4	182		121	1	124		142	1	174		154	2	8,362	286
13	19	10	10	2	3	3	8	1	11	1	12	2	14	1	7C0	152
14	67	2	42	1	27		47	1	32		36		29	1	868	19
15	51	9	46	4	46	8	60	11	34	5	5		6	1	334	71
16	13		8		5		13		4		4		2		196	11
17 18			1 13		2 1				1 1	1	1 3				8 138	/ 1 3
	20						17						4			
19	22		9		8		25	1	11		8		8		268	1
20	181		185		164		238		73		74		68		2,201	
21	195	3	237		92		101	1	94		189		281	2	5,208	61
22	660		468	1	394		450		' 401	2	361	1	393		7, 511	11
23	579		393		347		371		286		282		276		7,348	
24	61		60		47		58		43		40		42		863	
25	8		4		7		8		6		10		6		118	1
26	24		16		5		10		13		8		5		332	
27 28											1 5				18 109	2
	4		6		7		6		5				10			
29	113	2	149	2	131	2	193	5	237	1	127		62		2,823	30
30	1"		5		7		4		6	1	2		1		63	1
31	27	2	21	1	25		44	4	16		23	1	20		460	27
32	38		38	1	51		125		70	1	50		53		962	12
33	4		6	1	6		9	2	1		11		3		116	11
34					1 1 233 141 12						1				3	1
35 36 37 38 39 40 41	1 386 207 18 1 8 2	1 2	1 306 163 10	1		1 1	5 243 198 5 1 8 1		2 208 121 5		1 182 114 4 1 7 2				28 4,821 2,947 451 11 118 51	11 4 '7 1 2 2
													' 191 88 8			
			6 4		1 4				5 6				6 5			
42 43 44 45 46 47 48	23 11	10	12 8 o 148 1	8	. 13 9 4 131	9	20 23	5	12 17	6	17 13	6	18 13 1 100 3 1 . 5	3	359 239 10 1,976 43 41 42	184 1
	169 3 1						158 4 2 6		109 3 3 4		108					
																
			6		5						. 3					
																
	7,858	121	5,551	66	4,176	45	4,709	50	4,019	30	3,984	21	4,960	21	177, 632	3,572
 
G32
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XCIX.—UNITED STATES ARMY—Continued.
					18(	>5.				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		---—	
									November.	
	295,537. 15,201.		201,496. 8, 163.		137,529. 4,338.		112,404. 2,460.		""~---	
									82, .129. 1,231. Cases. Deaths.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 19,970 o 59 218 11 5 5 6 19 223 8. 1 4 6 3 283 17 24 8 23 7 34 1 1 9 2 1 4	I >oaths.		
	48,508 7 91 1,096 21 6 2 10 65 635 22 218 15 22 3 979 26 159 12 78 24 144 10 6 62 13 6 9 4 2 81 46 7 79 908 174 8 28 72 195 254 46 122 868 1,905 472 6 33 378 3 6 26 198' 6	1,317 8 1 2 18 5 1 3 3 22 4 • 6 2 2 2 2 1 1 42 1 4 1 5 6 6	36,709 10 60 597 16 7 4 4 32 410 17 96 24 11 3 737 28 69 10 71 15 83 15 1 30 6 3 9 2 3 50 24 4 65 447 93 17 33 91 121 34 39 588 1,279 386 9 21 256	732 8 2 1 7 5 1 1 7 4 9 1 1 1	25,871 3 57 347 13 10 3 2 23 237 14 15 21 6 4 361 14 50 5 31 7 54 4 1 21 4 2	557 3 1 8 3 1 1 3 2 2 3 3 1		416 2 2 3 1 2	11,317 3 15 156 9 3 6 1 6 151 1	196 1 4 1
CLASS IV.—L.OCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
								1	7 4 o 204 6 11 5 18 5 34 1	4
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.										
62. Cataract............................................										
										
										
										
										
Order HI.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
										
										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
								3 1	17 3	1 3
										
										
									3 1	1
										
				1 1 1 " 1 1 21 3 1 1 9 1 2	1 27 12 5 27 295 57 2 14 25 67 68 12 42 369 722 238 3 23 156					
						1 1 19 2 4	13 8 3 36 4;>5 107 2 11 35 94 88 15 45 298 477 82	1 2	9 2 3 21 509 78	2
										
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
										
										
										
								13 2 1 1	3 41 57 72 5 73 121	22 1
										
										
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............................................										
									303 ........	
									24 3 8 78	1
										1
						8 1	23 111 4 5 5 34 4	1		4
										
										
98. Diseases of Spleen.......................			2 19 • 97 o		2 12 60 2	1			o 10 42	
99. Fistula in Ano..............										
100. Hernia........										
									......	
Carried forward............									________________________________--------------------------------■	
	58,176	1,465	42, 759	823	29,421	625	22,879	452	13,453	244
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1866.
633
TABLE XCIX.—UNITED STATES ARMY—Continued.
	18(1	").	1800.													
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	76,026. 785.		66,369. 536.		55,	978. 441/	50,485. 296.		41,958. 172.		33,305. 108.		35,348. 72.		99,080. 2,817.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	7,858	121	5,551	66	4,176	45	4,709	50	4,oig	30	3,984	21	4,960	21	177,632	3,572
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60	5 17 111 5 1 1 1 22 123 4	3 1 3 1	1 19 74 5 2	2 1 2	1 12 110 9 3	1 2	2 23 94 4 2	1 2 3	2 13 68 8	1	1 22 61 3 2	1 1	2 22 103 8 1	1 1	39 410 3,035 112 42 22 31 197 2,291 84 350 133	30 9 4 50 20 4 5 1 9 32 20
									1							
			4 6 108 4		2 4 98 3						1 5 51 1 3 14					
							7 94 4		5 76 2 2 6	1		1	3 85 4 15 14	1		
	6		1	1	10	1	11	2								
61 62 63 64 65 66	8 1 188 8 o 10		5				3 1 143 7 14 8		6						71 19 3,585 150 377 85	
					1 131 14 12 10								1 112 4 10 4			
			198 8 5 4						121 6 12 5		128 12 9 4					
67 68 69 70	8 5 18		7 5 19 2		17 4 28		8 4 17 4		13 4 11 4		6 4 11		6 5 17 5 2 6		286 89 470 47 19 204 27 17 38 11 9 222 115 48 302 5,307 807 14 99 405 921 905 163 833	
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80	1 9 1 3 1	2 1 2	1 12 1	3	2 5 1 2 1 1	1					4 7	1				1 31 11 5 2 3 5 2 4 10 4 1 5 178 8 8 3
							12	1 1	14 1 2	2 1						
						1										
			1				2 1 1 8 5				2 1					
												1				
			1 4 1										1 6 1 3 3 143 23			
	7 8 3				7 6 5				6 1 3 6 307 23		4 1					
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 83 90	12 562 69	3	17 528 47 1 1 38 104 56 5 69	1 1 12	11 599 37 1 4 32 68 43 5 82	1 1 11	16 387 58			1	9 197 41					
	2 39 84 46 10 61	1 11 1 1					6 41 79 53 13 138	11 1	5 21 39 55 3 61	10 1	6 16 16 24 8 56	4	2 12 27 25 7 45	2		
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 —	95 355 12 9 44	1 1 2	77 282 8		87 288 8		85 313 10		50 215 18		85 220 16		146 301 94		2,869 6,660 1,368 21 134 1,269 9 27 103 546 27	7 22 3 27 1 1 1
			3 39	2	3 32		4 54 2	1			2 36		5 49	1		
									36							
	3 7 31 3 9,879		1 4 14								4 3 14		2 2 9 6			
					4 12 2	1	5 14		6 21 2							
		155														
			7,343	91	5,993	66	6,472 74		5,279	47	5,101	30	6,301	27	213,056	4,099
80 
634
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE XCIX.—UNITED  STATES  ARMY—Concluded
Vear..
Month.
1H05.
Mean Strength in Field and Garrison.
In General Hospitals...................
LIST OF DISEASES.
              Brought forward......................

ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
102. Haemorrhage from Bowels......
103. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
104. Inflammation of Stomach......
105. Inflammation of Bowels.......
106. Inflammation of Peritonaeum...
107. Acute Inflammation of Liver ..
108. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
109. Jaundice.....................
110. Piles.........................
111. Other Diseases of this Order...
 ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.

112. Stone and Gravel..................................•
113. Diabetes..........................................
114. Bright's Disease...................................
115. Diseases of Prostate...............................
116. Diseases of Testis.................................
117. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
118. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
119. Incontinence of Urine.............................
120. Hydrocele........................................
121. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
      ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis...................................
123. Caries.......................................
124. Inflammation of Joints........................
125. Inflammation of Bones........................
126. Inflammation of Periosteum...................
127. Necrosis.....................................
128. Other Diseases of this Order..................
     Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System,
129. Abscess.......................................
130. Boils.........................................
131. Carbuncle....................................
132. Whitlow......................................
133. Skin Diseases.................................
  CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
                    INJURIES.
      ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns...........................................
135. Contusions.......................................
136. Concussion of Brain..............................
137. Drowning........................................
138. Sprains..........................................
139. Dislocation......................................
140. Simple Fractures........................  ........
141. Compound Fractures.............................
142. Gunshot Wounds.................................
143. Incised Wounds..................................
144. Lacerated Wounds...............................
145. Punctured Wounds...............................
146. Poisoning........................................
147. Other Accidents and Injuries......................

148. ORDER II.—Homicide............................
149.

130.
ORDER III.—Suicide..............
Order IV.—Execution of Sentence.

            Total................
JULY.
295, 537.
 15,201.
Cases.  Deaths.
 25
279
 50
 41
  8
102
108
777
685
123
  42
   5
   7
   1
  16
  93
  22
  34
  14
  17


  10
   9
  32
   1
  15
  12
   1


  487
1,524
  111
  319
  516
 85
682
  9
508
 44
 87
 11
191
260
 78
 78
 72
 65
1,465
August.
201, 496.
  8,163.
September.
October.
137,529.
  4,338.
Cases.  Deaths.
18
18
42,759
  7
175
 43
 54
 11
 77
 34
704
402
 30
  394
1,236
   80
  307
  397
823
65,832 j 1,642
 41
518
  3
335
 22
 57
  5
134
170
 84
 58
 40
 44
48,438
Cases.  Deaths.
29,421
 13
119
 21
 31
  5
 28
 31
402
227
 16
112,404.
  2, 460.
Cases.  Deaths.
221
719
 39
133
292
 30
273
  4
22,879
  7
171
 31
 17
  6
 22
 39
278
183
 11
249
 17
 32
  6
129
102
 53
 26
 21
 13
 3
34
 5
16
 2
 4


 1
 3
 9
 1
 3
 6
 4


154
398
 22
 80
214
 26
260
  2
188
 16
 31
  7
 84
 85
 39
 16
  7
 14
452
939   32,80G
25,391
 N'ovf.miikk.

   82,529.
    1,231.

Coses. DeiitTij.
13,453
  3
178
 14
 10
  7
 16
 14
134
114
 30
  3
  4

  3
  I

508
115
247
 10
 28
303
  1

188
 10
 24
  2
 64
 89
 37
 15
 10
 10
15,421
280 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1866.
635
TABLE XCIX.-UNITED STATES ARMY—Concluded.
	1805.		1SOG.													
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	76,026.		66,369.		55,978.		50,485.		41, 958.		33, 305.		35,	348.	99,080.	
785.			536.		441.		296.		172.		108.			72.	2,817.	
—	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	9,879	155	7,343	91	5,993	66	6,472	74	5,279	47	5,101	30	6,301	27	213,056	4,099
102	0		3		9		1		4		5		1		80	9
103	259	1	188		212		188		94		80		70		2,013	4
104	9	2	6	1	9		12	3	6		9		13		223	25
105	4		4		4	1	3	1	4		4	1	2		178	43
106	2		1						4	3			1 16		45 322	28 11
107	15	1	7	1	6		15		9		9	1				
108 109	12 112	2 1	8 33	1	4 31	1	8 27		7 17		2 16				267 2,548	9 21
													17	1		
110	113		95		85		84		45		49		70		2,152	
111	6		8	1	11		26		20		3		36		320	8
112	10		3		6		4		4		5		2		128	2
113	4		2	1	4		5		2		3		1		37	1
114	3		3		1		1		3				1		38	2
115 116	1 9														4 69 308	
			5		4				8		2		4			
117	21	2	10		12		6		4		9		8	1		7
118 119	14 12		5 7		2 8		3 5		3 11		2 10				115 158	3
													8			
120	2		1				2		2						40 107	
121	3	1	8		8		7		8		1		12			5
122 123 124					3 3 6		1 3 7				2		1		23 24 141	
	3 9															
			5						8		10		21			
125 126 127 128 129	4 4 4 120		2 1 1 7 103		1 1						3 3		3 2 3 3 81		18 42 43 23 1,957	1 2 6
							3 1									
									2 1 64							
					1 88						1 54					
						1	76									
130	276		222		183		184		183		180		202		5,554	
131	15		18		16		9		8		8		5		341	2
132	55		45		34		55		43		37		35		1,212	
Ud	183		127		118		149		96		121		124		2,479	1
134	38		43		28		31		27		17		13		407	4
135	366		364		264	2	281		232		286	1	287		4,116	10
136	9	3	2		3	2	5		3		1		2	1	44	12
137				5		3		3		3		5		n		64
138	196		162		178		198		148		156		148		2,654	
139	10		10		15	1	15		7		9		3		178	2
140	35		29		19		26		21		22		10		393	3
141	3		3		5		7	1		1	4		3	l	56	15
142	50	5	41	9	48	7	48	6	44	5	35	6	31	4	899	176
143	100		83	1	75		109		84		80		97		1,334	13
144	31		61	1	35		61		37		40		31		587	1
14a	31	1	24	3	27	2	28	1	15		11	1	25		354	20
146	5		4		2		4	1	2		6		28		201	4
147	206	6	125	5	116	8	34	1	15	4	14	2	10	l	666	60
148 149 150		1 1				4 3		4 3		2		2				30 31 1
														2		
																
	---															
L	12,245	182	9,222	120	7,678	101	8,204	98	6,574	65	6,411	50	7,732	49	245,954	4,735
 
636
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
                             TABLE  C.

General  Summary of the  Sickness  and  Mortality
YEAR......................................

Mean Strength in Field and Garrison......
In General Hospitals........................

                       LIST OF DISEASES
CLASS  I.—ZYMOTIC  DISEASES.

     Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid  Fever................
Typhus Fever.................
Common Continued Fever____
Typho-Malarial Fever.........
Yellow Fever.................
Remittent Fever...............
Quotidian Intermittent Fever .
Tertian Intermittent Fever____
Quartan Intermittent Fever___
Congestive Intermittent Fever .
Acute Diarrhoea...............
Chronic Diarrhoea.............
Acute Dysentery..............
Chronic Dysentery.............
Erysipelas.....................
Small-pox and Varioloid.......
Measles.......................
Scarlet Fever..................
Diphtheria....................
Mumps........................
Epidemic Catarrh.............
Debility.......................
Other Diseases of this Order...
                         Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.
24. Syphilis..............................................
25. Gonorrhoea...........................................
26. Orchitis..............................................
27. Stricture  of the Urethra..............................
28. Purulent  Ophthalmia.................................
29. Serpent Bite........................................
30. Other Diseases of this Order..........................
                         Order in.—Dietic Diseases.
31. Scurvy..............................................
32. Purpura.............................................
33. Delirium Tremens...................................
34. Inebriation..........................................
35. Chronic Alcoholism..................................,
36. Other Diseases of this Order.........................,
CLASS  II.—CONSTITUTIONAL  DISEASES.

           ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
37. Gout........................
38. Acute Rheumatism..........
39. Chronic Rheumatism........
40. Anasmia  ....................
41. General Dropsy.............
42. Cancer......................
43. Tumors.....................
44. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order H.—Tubercular Diseases.
45. Consumption................
46. Scrofula....................
47. Other Diseases of this Order.
CLASS  III.-PARASITIC  DISEASES.
48. Itch.........................
49. Tape-worm..................
50. Worms......................
51. Other Intestinal Worms......
52. Other Diseases of this Order.
Carried forward.
May and June, 1861.
41,556.
Cases.
 97
 20
129
  302
  389
  413
   71
   36
8,462
  264
  994
   52
   65
   46
1,141
459
268
416
922
111
 17
 11
631
387
 14
  4
 25
  9
 78
24
16,336
Deaths.
36
Tear ending June 30,1
279,371.

  9,548.
Cases.
21,965
   821
11,769
 40,021
 40,330
 26,766
  3,526
  2,233
164,414
 15,815
 32,220
  2,609
  2,652
  1,307
 21,672
   133
     *
 11,271
 11,314
 18,323
  7.454
 9,044
11,618
 2,719
20
1,324
   *
  656
  979
  104
26,218
18,461
 1,227
  758
   33
  447
 2,009
2,500
  627
1,057
516,824
 * Spaces marked ■with single stars indicate that the disease or injury opposite was not printed on the blank forms of sick report
** Double stars  opposite  "Other Diseases of  this Order" indicate that on the classification of the sick reports used during the 
FROM  MAY,   1861,  TO  JUNE  30,   ]866.
637
                    TABLE  C.

of  White   Troops  during  the  War.
Year ending June 30,1863.
614,325.

 45,630.
Cases.
 32,166
   952
     *
 23,346
   382
 B6.240
100,144
 62,460
  9,872
  3,959
381,879
 64,531
 66,490
  8,979
  6,728
  2,893
 17,560
   207
  2,469
 14,135
 56,566

 30,444
14,278
22,419
 3,462
   783
 1,104
   29
   433
7,729
  301
  815
1,289
  226
  569
   158
46,903
46,404
 9,537
 2,383
   153
   629
 1,986
5,762
2,135
  185
6,263
  142
   *
  913
   84
Deaths.
1,169,476
10,483
   378

 1,175
   100
 1,164
   140
   116
    38
 1,022
   941
 7,556
   967
 1,090
   812
   950
 1,314
    18
   288
    29
    20

   865
Year ending June 30, 1861.
 88
 34
110
 22
  8
 20
 87
 67
180
 56
  9
  3
100
2,014
   29
   16
619,703.
 55,710.
Cases.
10,116
   349

11,729
 70,718
142,846
130,411
 14,175
  3,818
280,796
 43,477
 64,276
  7,171
  6,507
  5,007
 17, 396
    157
  2,846
 14,175
 34,751
      *
 11,735
22,486
30,518
 3,498
   591
 1,906
    61
 1,183
5,976
  341
1,139
1,283
  393
  268
   103
32,374
19,579
 7,002
   105
   101
   356
 1,025
2,794
1,582
  125
11,826
   142

   444
    60
Deaths.
1,019,717
4,475
  123

1,157
  859
  114
  130
   20
1,029
  620
7,868
1,242
  931
  412
2,171
1,268
   25
  255
   16
271
39
 54
 21
180
 37
 13
 36
  2
 60
 49
149
  1
 10
  4
 42
1,194
   31
   10
Tear ending Jnne 30,1865.
574,022.

 71,484.
Cases.
24,939
  9,739
    328

 13,149
    733
 73,386
127,393
105,834
 11,132
  2,814
284,580
 41,574
 61,470
  6,159
  6,456
  2,649
  9,798
     73
  1,824
  8,083
 29,497

 27,941
19, 647
23,008
 2,911
   521
 1,576
    56
   452
12,844
   333
   641
 1,019
   185
    99
   102
34,604
21,409
 3,661

    52
   571
   247
1,995
1,429
   49
12,015
   221
     *
   332
    44
Deaths.
 5,798
   124
     *
 1,468
   309
 1,198
   134
    75
    21
   727
   973
10,600
 1,248
   919
   494
 1,131
 1,082
    16
   170
    17
595
34
202
 15
 74
 19
 13
1,338
   28
    7
964,685
Tear ending June 30,1.
99,080.

 2,817.
Cases.
29,120
 1,285
    31

 1,647
    16
15,823
36,156
29,286
 2,447
   813
35,095
 4,827
 8,362
   700
   868
   334
   196
     8
   138
   268
 2,201
     *
 5,268
7,511
7,348
  863
  118
  332
   18
  109
2,823
   63
  460
  962
  116
    3
   28
4,821
2,947
  451

   11
  118
   51
359
239
 10
1,976
  •43
    *
   41
   42
Deaths.
635
 21
259
  262
   32
   27
    1
  230
  159
1,033
  286
  152
   19
   71
   11
    1
    3
    1
177,632
TOTAL.
n
 4
 7
 *
 1
 2
 2
184
  1
3,572
431,237.

 37, 038.
   75,368
    2,501
   11,808
   49,871
    1,181 .
  286,490 ■
  447,258
  375,170
   41,223
   13, 673
1,155,226
  170,488
  233,812
   25, 670
   23,276
   12,238
   67,763
      578
    7,277
   48, 128
  134,397
   18,782
   83,110
73,382
95,833
13,564
 2,438
 4,918
   192
 2,177
30,714
 1,038
 3,744
 5,589
   920
   939
    506
145,551
109,187
 21,892
  3,250
    375
  2,130
  5,396
13,499
 6,022
   369
32,080
   548
 1,081
 1,730
   230
3,864,670
100,088
used for the year, the cases being, as a rule, reported under the head of  "Other Diseases"  of the order to which they belong.
year the order did not exist. 
638
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
TABLE C—GENERAL SUMMARY—Continued.
YEAR................................

Mean Strength in Field and Garrison
In General Hospitals..................
LIST OF DISEASES.
May and  June, 1861.
Tear ending Jnne 30,
Cases.
Deaths.
279,371.
  9,548.
Cases.
Deaths.
10,065
Brought forward.
CLASS  IV.—LOCAL  DISEASES.

Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
53. Apoplexy..........................•
54. Epilepsy............................
55. Headache..........................
56. Insanity............................
57. Inflammation of Brain..............
58. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain .
59. Inflammation of Spinal Cord........
60. Nostalgia...........................
61. Neuralgia..........................
62. Toothache..........................
63. Paralysis...........................•
64. Sun-stroke..........................
65. Other Diseases of this Order........
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
66. Amaurosis...................
67. Cataract.....................
68. Ophthalmia.................
69. Inflammation of Conjunctiva .
70. Inflammation of Iris.........
71. Night Blindness.............
72. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order HI.—Diseases of Ear.
73. Earache.....................
74. Inflammation of Internal Ear.
75. Deafness....................
76. Otorrhcea....................
77. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
Aneurism....................
Inflammation of Heart........
Valvular Disease of Heart___
Dropsy from Heart Disease ...
Dropsy of Pericardium........
Inflammation of Pericardium..
Inflammation of Endocardium.
Inflammation of Veins........
Varicose Veins...............
Varicocele....................
Other Diseases of this Order..
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
89. Asthma.....................
90. Acute Bronchitis ...........
91. Chronic Bronchitis...........
92. Catarrh.....................
93. Dropsy of Chest.............
94. Haemorrhage from Nose.....
95. Inflammation of Larynx......
96. Inflammation of Lungs.......
97. Inflammation of Pleura......
98. Haemorrhage from Lungs___
99. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive  Organs.
100. Colic.........................
101. Constipation..................
102. Abdominal Dropsy...........
103. Cholera Morbus.............
104. Cirrhosis of Liver.............
105. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease.
106. Dyspepsia...................
107. Diseases of Pancreas..........
108. Diseases of Spleen............
109. Fistula in Ano...............
110. Hernia.......................
111. Prolapsus Ani...............
112. Haemorrhage from Stomach. -.
Carried forward.
16,336
  6
 42
280
 20
 50
  7
  *
 65
248
327
  6
 74
 59
  3
  1
351
  *
  5
 •2
 55
19
33
23
   33
  720
   33
2,012
    1
   49
   83
  418
  169
   51
  140
  484
1.262
242
247
  *
  2
 16
 92
 22
 20
24,309
36
62
516,824
  195
1,203
7,126
  494
  151
  167
   *
  572
7,544
7,517
  330
  416
1,518
  147
   71
8,553

  282
  136
1,173
1,770
1,458
  263
1,409
  173
 35
152
224
107
 73
774
986
730
 1,169
26,160
 3,893
83,665
   23
   406
 2,591
11,055
 5,077
 1,051
 5,033
11,366
27,178
   150
 4,306
6,134
   *
  281
  375
3,804
  344
  177
756,811
 * Spaces marked -with single stars indicate that the disease or injury opposite was not printed on the blank forms of sick repo
** Double stars opposite  "Other Diseases of this Order" indicate that on the classification of the siok reports used during 
FROM  MAY,  1861,  TO  JUNE 30,  1866.
639
TABLE C—GENERAL SUMMARY—Continued.
53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79. 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 HI 112	year ending June 30,1863.		Year ending June 30,1861		Year ending June 30,1865.		Year ending June 30,1866.		TOTAL.	
	614,325. 45,630.		619,703. 55,710.		574,022. 71,484.		99,080. 2,817.		431,237. 37, 038.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,169,476 409 2,652 20,858 852 455 306 1,009 2,057 18,941 ' 1,190 1,221 2,695 523 311 * 21,198 630 1,159 1,283 5,624 1,627 783 2,471 219 100 * 1,227 229 119 566 264 132 3,413 3,604 1,093 3,523' 60,792 9,651 197 1,032 6,085 21,081 10,624 2,066 17,856 25, 111 41,875 * 8,989 109 1,467 13,626 41 956 897 10,209 * 370	32,356 266 106	1,019,717 221 2,270 17,039 500 306 171 257 1,212 14,769 * 640 2,388 1,056 331 150 21,772 559 1,854 511 450 1,331 500 2,175 2,975 43 * 1,227 141 71 303 94 67 2,126 1,217 284 2,156 39,921 6,303 * 112 574 4,586 16,102 7,844 1,236 8,871 16,973 32,007 * 5,149 87 1,035 8,592 13 422 598 4,884 * 148	24,939 179 82	964,685 175 2,452 18,524 432 228 132 182 1,110 14,981 * 587 2,168 424 296 148 * 19,184 637 2,708 381 * 1,439 646 2,164 365 50 * 1,120 199 87 185 82 62 1,704 1,105 309 2,182 35,815 6,225 * 161 562 8,568 11,625 7,233 1,178 6,174 18,295 36,978 * 5,161 97 1,301 7,646 17 289 547 4,818 * 125	29,120 191 96	177, 632 39 410 3,035 112 42 22 31 197 2,291 84 350 133 71 719 * 3,585 150 377 85 * 286 89 470 47 19 * 204 27 17 38 11 9 222 115 48 302 5,307 807 14 99 405 921 905 163 833 2,869 6,660 * 1,368 21 134 1,269 9 27 103 546 27	3,572 30 9	3,864,670 1,045 9,029 66,862 2,410 1,232 805 1,479 5,213 . 58,774 7,844 2,837 6,617 5,885 1,371 700 8,904 65,739 2,263 6,236 3,488 7,908 6,192 2,289 8,738 3,791 249 157 3,778 596 294 1,319 565 343 8,258 7,060 2,487 9,365 168,715 26,912 85, 677 508 2,722 17,318 61,202 31,852 5,745 38,907 75,098 145,960 150 25,215 314 3,937 37,514 80 1,977 2,536 24,353 366 867	100,088 790 332 1 80 1,269 741 235 58 18
		21 436 210 39 12 8 * 97 48 134		21 368 222 54 16 4 * 55 73 108		22 312 184 138 24 4 * 46 89 116		4 50 20 4 5 1 * 9 32 20		
										231 261 426
										
		*		*		1		*		1 1
										
										
										
						*		*		
				1						1
										
		2				1				4 1 58 21 610 149 99 250 109 16 2 1 343 75 650 529 6 82 19 234 14,738 590 209 770 77 23 15 275 24 291 31
										
		20 185 48 35 90 47 6 1		15 * 190 41 24 64 24 4		16 * 204 49 35 51 20 3		1 * 31 11 5 2 3		
										
						1 60 18 160 159 * 28 7 41 3,575 152 54 148 26 6 * 67 8 136 7				
		159 29 204 189 * 31 3 102 4,769 166 63 225 17 7 * 96 4 69 11		72 15 180 134 * 14 4 52 4,055 180 61 160 16 5 56 9 59 11				5 2 4 10 * 4 1 5 178 8 8 3 7		
								* 22 ■ 3 27 1		
		12 4 16 9		3 1 9 10						17 11 39
						5 8 * 6		1		
								1		
										29
	1,505,253	40,352	1,256,340	31,590	1,188,948	35,394	213,056	4,099	4,944,717	124,930
Med for the year, the cases being, as a rule, reported under the head of
year the order did not exist.
' Other Diseases " of the order to which they belong. 
640
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WIIITE  TROOPS
TABLE C—GENERAL  SUMMARY—Concluded.
YEAR................................

Mean Strength in Field and Garrison
In General  Hospitals..................
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward......................................

 Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs —Continued.
113. Haemorrhage from Bowels.....
114. Inflammation of Tonsils........
115. Inflammation of Stomach.......
116. Inflammation of Bowels........
117. Inflammation of Peritonaeum ..
118. Acute Inflammation of Liver...
119. Chronic Inflammation of Liver .
120. Jaundice......................
121. Piles..........................
122. Other Diseases of this Order...
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
123. Stone and Gravel............
124. Diabetes....................
125. Bright's Disease---1........
126. Diseases of Prostate..........
127. Diseases of Testis...........
128. Inflammation of Kidneys.....
129. Inflammation of Bladder.....
130. Incontinence of Urine........
131. Difficulty of Urination.......
132. Hydrocele...................
133. Sarcocele....................
134. Non-syphilitic Ulcer of Penis .
135. Other Diseases of this Order.
ORDER VHI.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
136. Anchylosis..................
137. Exostosis....................
138. Caries.......................
139. Inflammation of Joints.......
140. White Swelling.............
141. Inflammation of Bones.......
142. Inflammation of Periosteum..
143. Necrosis.....................
144. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
145. Abscess....................
146. Boils........................
147. Carbuncle...................
148. Ulcers.......................
149. Whitlow....................
150. Skin Diseases...............
151. Other Diseases of this Order.
CLASS  V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS,  AND  INJURIES.

           ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.

168.

169.

170.

171.
Burns........................
Contusions..................
Concussion of Brain..........
Compression of Brain.........
Drowning....................
Sprains......................
Dislocation...................
Fractures....................
Simple Fractures.............
Compound Fractures......___
Gunshot  WouQds.............
Incised Wounds..............
Lacerated Wounds...........
Punctured Wounds...........
Poisoning.....................
Other Accidents  and Injuries.
Order n.—Homicide.............

Order HI.—Suicide..............

Order IV.—Execution of Sentence.

Unclassified Diseases..........

                Total............
May and  June, 1861.
41,556.
Cases.
24,309
430
 54
 29
 42
 68
 24
  3
192
187
178
116
 78
118
 62
298
 27
 34
184
  7
  1

 91
 24
 41
134
164
157
 91
 23
267
138
Deaths.
27,717
62
Year ending Jnne 30,1
279,371.

  9,54a
Cases.
118
756,811
11,450
 2,554
 1,154
   358
 2,079
 1,138
10,922
 5,784
 7,212
 93
124
932
401
170
885
303
126
336
771
125
111
111


206
5,289
3,534
1,187
4,083
1,297
5,148
1,567
  996
 6,889
  144
   60

 3,150
  C37
 1,246


17,498
 4,052
 5,248
 1,386
  293
 3,254
  7,049

878,163
DonUis.
* Spaces marked with single stars indicate that the disease or injury opposite was not printed on the blank forms of etok re\
* Double stars opposite "Other Diseases of this Order" indicate that on the classification of the 6ick reDorts used during 
FROM  MAY,  1801, TO  JUNE  30,  18G6.
641
TABLE  C—GENERAL  SUMMARY—Concluded.
	Year ending June 30,1863.		Year ending June 30,1861		Year ending June 30,1865.		Year ending June 30,1866.		TOTAL.	
	614,325. 45,630.		619, 703. 55,710.		574,022. 71,484.		99,080. 2,817.		431,237. 37, 038.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 16.> 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171	1,505,253 745 18,183 3,901 2,233 459 4,141 3,702 32,154 20,444 6,572 877 445 505 128 892 3,715 1,184 1,289 531 2,098 354 237 1,244 92 443 488 278 14,737 15,237* 2,226 3,442 8,193 2,714 11,133 295 *	40,352 44 40 171 280 159 82 65 119 19 138 6 18 37 1 3 55 16 • 1 1 19	1,256,340 565 15,606 1,483 1,073 234 2,248 1,658 9,057 14,720 1,919 702 227 381 74 605 2,191 671 971 * 296 * * 395 205 * 338 867 88 355 242 155 14,688 26,301 1,842 4,443 8,500 ** 2,853 13,145 234 *	31,590 45 30 132 237 124 65 66 67 4 43 1 8 35 1	1,188,948 446 12,229 1,388 1,035 156 2,262 1,471 17, 007 14,453 1,500 842 251 479 30 401 2,295 547 1,064 294 * 233 238 177 680 * 84 315 204 99 10,397 27,461 1,886 4,890 11,049 ** 2,890 12,972 193	35,394 56 14 126 288 151 64 40 94 5 53 2 10 40	213,056 80 2,013 223 178 45 322 267 2,548 2,152 320 128 37 38 4 69 308 115 158 40 * 107 23 * 24 141 * 18 42 43 23 1,957 5,554 341 * 1,212 2,479 407 4,116 44 *	4,099 9 4 25 43 28 11 9 21	4,944, 717 1,836 59,911 9,603 5,702 1,294 11,120 8,260 71, 691 57,745 17,710 2,643 1,085 1,403 236 1,967 9,464 2,921 3,653 904 1,467 138 364 3,630 94-9 111 776 2,932 114 282 1,155 1,205 555 47,246 78,203 . 7,560 4,201 15, 346 35,667 1,594 9,894 48, 439 917 61	124,930 154 97 489 940 530 243 202 341 30 288 11 39 114 2 4 154 36 2 1 5
								8 2 1 2		
						1 37 7				
				45 5				7 3		
				* 1 • * 18		* 3 * 9		*		
								* 5		
										
										62
		* . 2 4 * 1 3 4 3 63		3 2 * 2 3 4 2 42		1 1 2 2 4 61		\		6 7 1 3 8 11 11 180
										
								*		
										
								1 o 6		
		3		3 *		2 *		2 *		11 5
		6 24 35 62 * 124				11 ** 42 67 60 260		1 4 10 12 64		20 98 171 205 17 736 3 11 53 64 393 32,907 199 460 211 97 1,063 144 301 104 449
				26 36 52 * 288 1 1 * 14 174 9,238 53 36 30 31 263 43 59 46 *						
	10,183 925 * 1,691 277 57,395 5,652 4,573 1,643 884 3,858		12,262 689 * 1,343 585 96, 970 5,689 2,234 1,134 853 2,569		12,701 633 * 1,181 454 57,122 5,887 1,941 1, 031 1,034 3,151		2,654 178 393 56 899 1, 334 567 354 201 666		41,041 3,086 1,287 4,608 1,372 230,018 22, 778 14, 740 5,639 3,288 13,705	
		3 35 135 8,773 73 269 110 24 357 26 92 13 *				5 12 69 10,201 45 41 23 19 285 45 76 44		2 3 15 176 13 1 20 4 60 30 31 1 *		
										
										
	* 1,757,645		*		*		• . *		7,187	
		51,870	1,510,000	42, 969	1,406, 001	47,772	245,954	4,735 j	5,825,480	166, 023 i
08  for the year> thc cases being, as a rule, reported under the head of " Other Diseases'
year the order did not exist.

             81
of the order to which they belong. 
 
DISCH-A.RGrES OP WHITE TROOPS
ON
SURGEON'S  CERTIFICATE OF DISABILITY. 
 
y\
                                                 >'

DISCHARGES OF WHITE  TROOPS, ETC.                    645
DISCHARGES  OF  WHITE  TROOPS  ON  SURGEON'S  CERTIFICATE  OF
                             DISABILITY,
   Table CI presents a summary view of the causes of the discharges from the service
on surgeon's certificate of disability during the war.  It has  been drawn from the lists
of names on the monthly sick reports, and it has been  thought that the facts would be
best expressed by modifying somewhat the tabular form' employed in Table C and pre-
viously.   The reasons for this change are given in full on the remarks introductory to this
volume.
                                                                           1 
646
DISCHARGES  OF  WHITE  TROOPS
                                        TABLE (X.

Discharges of  White   Troops  on  Surgeons  Certificate of Disability.
YEAR.
 Mat and
June, 1861.
Year end-
 ing June
 30, 1862.
Year end-
 ing June
 30, 1863.
Year end-
 ing June
 30,1864.
Year end-
 ing June
 30,1865.
Year end-
 ing June
 30,1866.
CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC  DISEASES.
    Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
 1. Typhoid Fever..............
 2. Remittent Fever............
 3. Intermittent Fever..........
 4. Diarrhoea...................
 5. Dysentery..................
 6. Erysipelas..................
 7. Small-pox and Varioloid.....
 8. Measles.....................
 9. Diphtheria..................
10. Debility....................
11. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order II.—Enthetio Diseases.
12. Syphilis....................
13. Gonorrhoea..................
14. Orchitis....................
15. Stricture of the Urethra......
16. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.
17. Scurvy............
18. Delirium Tremens.
19. Alcoholism........
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
          Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.
20. Gout.......................
21. Rheumatism................
22. Anaemia....................
23. Dropsy.....................
24. Cancer......................
25. Marasmus...................
26. Tumors.....................
27. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
28. Consumption.
29. Scrofula.....
   CLASS III.-PARASITIC  DISEASES.

30. Tape-worm.................................
CLASS  IV.—LOCAL  DISEASES.
Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
31. Apoplexy.............
32. Chorea...............
33. Epilepsy..............
34. Headache.............
35. Insanity..............
36. Inflammation of Brain.
37. Nostalgia.............
38. Neuralgia............
Carried forward.
83
 2
41
  258
   70
   56
  865
  118
   17
   25
   81
   4
3,139
   12
399
  9
 49
 60
  1
   4
3,585
  42
  237
   5
   6
  40
  41
3,161
  177
  1
 18
669
  8
246
 25
  8
 39
  496
  227
  181
8,267
  677
  132
   15
   30
   10
7,737
13,506
189
104
  3
   73
5,344
  152
1,306
   22
   27
   97
  103
9,984
  448
   15
   76
1,621
   25
  432
 15
149
   61
   29
   83
3,795
  183
   49
   2
   13
   9
1,691
339
  4
 29
 31
   19
1,460
   72
  327
   14
    3
   24
   34
4,206
  127
  2
 35
752
  4
 66
38,727
  59
  35
  114
2,443
  163
  20
   9
  13
   1
1,542
   2
246
 11
 24
 31
   12
1,023
   48
  296
   17
   2
   42
   14
2,575
  130
  4
 58
707
  1
 56
13,559
9,801
 20
  7
 34
799
 57
  6
  3
  1
389
104
  3
  1
296
 32
 52
  3
394
 23
2,433
78,365 
RGEON'S  CERTIFICATE  OF  DISABILITY.
TABLE  CI.—DISCHARGES  OF WHITE  TROOPS,  ETC.—Continued.
YEAR.
             Brought forward...................

ORDER I.—Diseases of Nervous System—Continued.
39. Paralysis...................
40. Sun-stroke..................
41. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
42. Amaurosis..................
43. Cataract....................
44. Ophthalmia...............
45. Night Blindness.............
46. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IDT.—Diseases of Ear.
47. Earache.....................
48. Inflammation of Internal Ear.
49. Deafness.....................
50. Otorrhoea....................
51. Other Diseases of this Order..
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
52. Aneurism....................
53. Heart Disease................
54. Inflammation of Pericardium .
55. Inflammation of Endocardium
56. Varicose Veins...............
57. Varicocele...................
 Mat and
June, 1861.
339
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
58. Aphonia....................
59. Asthma.....................
60. Bronchitis..................
61. Dropsy of Chest............
62. Haemorrhage from Nose.....
63. Inflammation of Larynx.....
64. Inflammation of Lungs......
65. Inflammation of Pleura......
66. Haemorrhage from Lungs___
67. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order VI.—Diseases of the Digestive Organs.
68. Colic.......................
69. Constipation...............
70. Cirrhosis of Liver.'..........
71. Dyspepsia.................
72. Diseases of Spleen..........
73. Fistula in Ano..............
74. Hernia....................
75. Loss of Teeth..............
76. Prolapsus Ani...............
77. Hemorrhage from Stomach.
78. Inflammation of Tonsils___
79. Inflammation of Stomach
80. Inflammation of Bowels.....
81. Inflammation of Peritoneum
82. Inflammation of Liver......
83. Jaundice___......
Carried forward .
Year end-
 ing June
 30, 1862.
13,506
252
 21
193
109

139

281
260
  1
 55
824
299
287
 42
244
803
 27
253
 97
151
147
   69
   13
   82
2,300
   37
   38
  1
 37
 21
 14
136
 17
215
20,979
Year end-
 ing June
 30,1863.
38,727
1,386
  129
  278
195
 63
477
1,032
 22
461
 11
376
6,370
1,164
  946
  276
 .617
1,837
   19
   22
   86
  617
  292
  307
  442
  232
  132
  223
4,934
168
 14
181
124
 39
729
 42
929
63,908
Year end-
 ing June
 30, 1864.
13,559
492
 25
225
109
 64
244
  8
196
 10
  2
   13
2,192
   41
  106
  219
   64
110
174
497
  1
 24
104
 54
 73
100
  3
 64
 11
 80
599
 31
 49
  1
 76
 14
 25
259
  1
164
20,342
Year end-
 ing June
 30, 186'5.
9,801
618
 55
202
 58
462
  5
324
193
 17
  4
   16
1,111
   32
   37
  239
   56
116
150
456
  5
115
 14
 81
902
 42
 56
  11
 48
 16
 16
171
  1
208
Year end-
 ing June
 30,1866.
2,433
 13
 13
130
  3
 83
  4
122
  5
  2
 41
 28
 24
 28
109
  3
 15
  1
 29
213
  6
 12
3,653
647 
648
DISCHARGES  OF  WHITE  TROOPS, ETC.
TABLE  CI.—DISCHARGES OF WHITE TROOPS, ETC.—Concluded.
YEAR.
                Brought forward...................

Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.

  85. Other Diseases of this Order...................
 Mat and
June, 1861.
Year end-
 ing June
 30,1862.
586
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
Gravel......................
Diabetes....................
Bright's Disease............
Disease of the Prostate.......
Diseases of Testis...........
Inflammation of Kidneys___
Inflammation of Bladder.....
Incontinence of Urine.......
Hydrocele..................
Other Diseases of this Order.
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
 96. Anchylosis..................
 97. Caries......................
 98. Exostosis...................
 99. Inflammation of Joints......
100. Inflammation of Periosteum..
101. Diseases of Spine...........
102. Necrosis....................
103. Other Diseases of this Order.
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
104. Abscess.....................
105. Ulcers......................
106. Skin Diseases...............
107. Other Diseases of this Order.
.ASS V.  WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS,  AND
               INJURIES.

 ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
108. Burns and Scalds................
109. Frost Bite......................
110. Sprains.........................
111. Dislocations....................
112. Fractures.......................
113. Gunshot Wounds................
114. Amputations....................
115. Incised Wounds.................
116. Contused and Lacerated Wounds.
117. Punctured Wounds..............
118. Wounds unspecified.............
119. Other Accidents and Injuries.....
CLASS V1.—DEVELOPMENTAL  DISEASES.
120. Atrophy.....
121. Hypertrophy
122. Deformities .
123. Under Age..
124. Old Age ....
125. Feebleness..
126. Stammering
i;
Unclassified and Cause not stated.
Total.
20,979
26
13
33
  7
112
  5
 36
163
 39
268
 35
 12
  3
 10
 57
103
277
825
 85
 37
 72
179
289
 25
  9
238
128
274
  4
3,609
28,620
Year end-
 ing June
 30, 1863.
199	770
25	113
22	121
93	211
20	58
39	1,099
161	343
101	543
63,908
192
 62
 80
154
  6
120
633
128
113
 36
381
110
367
 68
  5
    14
    44
   266
   194
   975
11,810
   986
    81
   265
    6
 2,500
    18
    114
     69
    411
    142
  1,138
     67
     14

 15,037

103,772
Year end-
 ing June
 30, 1864.
20,342
 33
180
 34
 58
 14
 99
267
 28
 23
 78
  9
270
115
138
 48
207
 18
  1
    4
   11
   58
  121
  343
3,889
1,041
   15
   35
    1
  949
   10
     3

 4,289

33,887
Year end-
 ing June
 30, 1865.
16,019
  5
 18
 35
  1
 31
116
 28
 21
 28
 65
525
 40
 19
 70
 18
123
179
110
   24
   44
   107
   384
13,220
 2,810
    3
   32
1,016
   21
 94
 21
110
 52
432
    1

 2,439

38,645
3,653
60	17
253	27
16	4
1	
  1
 13
 19
 21
146
234
  7
   2
  370

9,480 
)
PART II.-COLOPtED TROOPS.
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS.
82 
 
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE  YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1864.            651
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS DURING THE  YEAR
                          ENDING JUNE 30,  1864,
    The monthly reports of sick and wounded from such colored troops as were mustered
into service prior to July 1, 1863, are too few and fragmentary to serve as the basis of a
table.  Those received during the year ending June 30, 1864, are here presented consoli-
dated into three statistical tables;  one for  the  Atlantic Region, one for the Central
Region, and a consolidated table embracing both regions.  There were no colored troops
in the  Pacific Region.   These tables present the strength and diseases of the colored men
of the organizations represented in the reports.  The white officers are not included.

                       1. Atlantic  Region—Table CII.

    The colored troops represented by this table were chiefly stationed in the Department
of Virginia and North Carolina and the Department of the South.

                       2. Central  Region—Table CIII.

    The colored troops represented by this table were chiefly stationed in the Department
of the Tennessee and in the Department of the Gulf, the majority of them reporting from
stations along the Mississippi river.

         3.  Consolidated Table for the  United States—Table CIV.
This table is prepared by consolidating Tables CII and CIII. 
652
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
            TABLE CII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					3883.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		„		November. 10,498.	
										
	2,250.		4,587.		6, 217.					
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death.
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	3		31	9	37 12 45	16 1 3	35	13	36	8
										
			47	3			43	4	33	3
										
	51 52 11		59 100 81		68 174 231 1 1 979 13 139 3 1 7 11	1 2 2 5 2 1 1	59 342 161 17 4 747 41 96 15 1 9 36	1 2 3 2 9 3	45 194 225 8	
										
										
										
		2								
	140		883	2					593 22 87 4 8 26 29	3 8 1 1
										
	52 1 1 4 2		110	3						
										
										
		2								
			26	1						
										
							28 ' 29 150 63 50 41 4		1 62 130 53 55 43	1
	13		31 5 97 16 20 6 5	1	57 56 71 31 28 6					
										
	35 3 13 5									
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis............................................										
										
24. Orchitis............................................										
									1	
26. Purulent Ophthalmia................................							1			
27. Serpent Bite........................................										
					1 34	1	1 23			
ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................			21					2	16	
										
										
									3	
										
					2					
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	20 8 11		145 21 4		253 26		233 88 38 2 1 9 9 25	1	175 100 20	3
										
										
										
			2 2 1 4							
	3			1	7 6 15	1		3	7 5 12	1 1
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.										
43. Scrofula..........................................										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch...........................							1		16	
										
47. Other Intestinal Worms ..					14					
										
Carried forward............									2,009	30
	428	4	1,717	20	2,329	36	2,408	43		
										--—'
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, I8G4.
653
              TABLE CII.



of Colored  Troops in  the Atlantic Region.
	1863		18G4.													
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	12, 584.		16, 323.		19,270.		10,718.		22, 957.		22,165.		24,781.		13,449.	
—	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
																
1	26	7	43	13	27	12	30	11	26	14	25	9	53	26	372	138
2 3			2 66	1 12	6 64	1 16	11 42	4 2	1 31	1	6 102	I 7	• 106	2 10	38 628	11 65
	49	5														
4 5											98 294	11 3	34 332	1 8	132 1,453	12 29
	51		81		176	3	111	13	126	1						
6	189		182		235		235		221		196		358	1	2,478	3
7	121		105		110		130		136		209		214		1,734	1
8	1		1		3		1		7		13		20		72	
9	87	23	36	9	17	6 •	32	12	8	1	9	2	14	4	208	64
in	394	1	359	1	395		633	3	661		1,615	5	2,021	1	9,420	£0
n	18	6	20	4	38		33	8	17	2	60	5	86	3	348	50
12	63	4	68		46		115	1	192	1	323	5	424	8	1,715	25 ,
13 14		x	2		1		2				15	2	19		68	13
	23	1	21	1	9		15		32	2	22	■ 1	19	1	152	6
15	32	1	61	9	104	20	64	10	79	8	42	11	29	7	457	69
16 17 18 19	252	14	199	7	179	4	243	7	262	10	106		29		1,374	43
	3 52						6 455	1	12 306		4 109		3 87	1	57 1,697	2 1
			135		361	1										
20	236		134		113	1	150		124		31		31		1,166	1
21	26	1	174		32		166	2	57	2	52		92	5	918	11
22	35		33		71		82	2	45		35		30		486	3
23	30		61		84		85		68		52		28		553	
24	7		6		13		11		39		18		15		130	
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34					3		3 2		4 5		4 1				20 12	
			2										1			
					1											
					4										6 147	3
			2				8		1		27		15			
																
					i				2						2 5	
	2															
																
															2	
35 36 37																
	276 107		220 142	1	196 '........ 162 '........		181 167	1	147 171	1	179 99		173 131	1 1	2,198 1,222	4 1
38 39 40 41	27	1	13 1 1 15		37	1	24 10		54		18		35 1 3 4		281 14 10 57	5 1 1 4
	3 1			1												
					4 1 2		2		1	1	2					
42 43 44 45 46 47 48	12 26	6 1	18 22	9	13 j 15 45 '........		19 50	8	10 27	8	19 20	14	28 35	12	140 281	77 2
	7		12		1 18 '........		44		30		32 1 5		26 1 2		186 2 43	
			15		2				5							
																
	2,162	72	2,252	68	2,568 | 82		3,162 1	85	2,907	52	3,843	76	4,499	97	30,284	665
 
G5-4
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF COLORED  JROOPS
TABLE CII.—ATLANTIC REGION—Coutinued.
					18(33.					--------------------------------■
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVEMBBtt.	
										
	2,250.		4,587.		6,217.		9,035.		10,498.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 2,009 1 9 105 1	Deaths. 30 1
	428	4	1,717	20	2,329	36	2,408 1 24 61 1 2	43 1 1		
CLASS IV.—-LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
			5 87		14 135 3					
	17									
										
										
										
	1								o 5 21 1	1
					3 48 1		5 23			
	2		13 2 1 1							
										
										
					3		1		5	
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Eye.										
62. Cataract............................................									1 24	
	9		19		46		32 4 1 1			
										
	2		3		0 1					
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.									2	
	1 1				2 1 22					
			2 10				3 19		6 6	
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation,										
					1 2	1	4	1	9 1 1	1
										
										
			1							
										
										
			2 2		2 5		3 1		7	
										
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.	1 16 6		1 44		16 147 7		9 329 22	1 2	8 218 10	1
										
										
										
										
			1 13 12 1 80 73 92 8	1	2 . 29 35 3 106 154 145 7	7	40 44 27	11 2	24 7:1 27 2 79 88 151 1	8 1
	2 3 1 4 7 44 10									
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............................................							133 161 3			
										
93. Cholera Morbus.....................................										
										
							3 9	1	1 14	
96. Dyspepsia..........................................			6		24					
										
										
										
100. Hernia.......	9		8		11 4		19		18	
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach___										
Carried forward..............										---
	566	5	2,204	21	3,310	44	3,393	63	2,931	43
-- . .										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1864.
655
TABLE CII.—ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
	1863	SR.	1864.													
DECEMB 12,584			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
			16,323.		19, §70.		10, 718.		22,957.		22,165.		24, 781.		13.449.	
Cases.		Deaths. 72	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death?.	Cases. | Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	2,162		2,252	68	2,568	82	3,162	85	2,907	52	3,843	76	4,499	97	30,284	665
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 G6 67 68 69 70	1 11 113 1	2				1 1 2 1	1 11 430 7	1 1 1			1 7 291 1 1	1 3	3 6 225 4 4 1	4 1 1	8 120 2,161 25 11 3 5 52 454 17 36 30	7 2 1 14 4 6 4 3
			9 167 2 1	2 1 1	13 186 2 2				11 344 2 2	1 3						
																
			1 2 55 3						1 1 51 3	1 2						
	4 33 3						5 60				11 44 2 6	2 1	16 51 2 29 8			
					53											
																
			3				3		6							
	1		1		6		2 5 57 1 8 2 2 3 18 2						4 5 91 28 3 6 2 8 9		14 19 463 11 77 9 15 16 85 166	........!
									4 61		4 53 1 18					
	25 1 1		19		27 2 2											
			5						7 2 1 3 16 11							
	1		2								1 3 3 2					
					2 12 32											
	4 28		11 25													
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90										2 1 1						2 3 3 3 5 1 1 1 36 9 3 1 6 353 15 j 4 ! 2
	4		5		3		7		4		1 3 1		6	1	44 6 4 5 6 1 43 27 1 74 3,081 310 2 71 271 1,510 710 42 582	
	1 1 1						1 2							3		
					1	1		2*	1	1		1 1				
			4													
							1 5 2 1 6 493 30	1 1 23 3								
	2				6 3				6 2		3 6		7 6			
																
	6 298 7 1 2 30 95 61 2 120			----												
					6 459 47	2 1			3 287 85	5 2 1 64 6 1	8 138 9 27 15 97 55 4 8	1 1 35 1	10 155 14 13 12 100 80 5 7	1 1 1 1 29 1		
		2 12 1	497 71 1 4 14 262 99 6 86													
				47 3	10 30 307 140 9 20	1 77 1	12 74 265 82 4 44	5 62 2 1 1	3 29 224 89 5 28							
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	75 100 1		65 128 21		124 194 4		105 409 5		115 321 9		158 128 15		151 252 31		1,248 2,125 115	
			2 31		4 18		2 17	3			7 28	3	8 53	1	27 236	8
	17								19							
																
					5 17		3 14		8 20		2 21 1		2 36		20 215 5	
	16		26													
																
	3,229	91	3,880	122	4,314	170	5,363	192	4,691	143	5,027	126	5,954	142	44,862	1,162
 
656
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CU.—ATLANTIC REGION-Concluded.
					18G3.					----
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVEMBEB.	
										
	2,250.		4,587.		• 6,217.		9,035.		10,498.	
										
LIST OP DISEASES.	Cases. [Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 43 1 2
	1 566	5	2,204	21	3,310	44	3,393	63	2,931 1 35 2 3	
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
			8		27 5 12		81			
										
						1	4	1		
										
			1		1 5 15 15 6 1					
										
	1 2 3 ;		21 14 38				29 18		11 21	
										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
							4		o	1
										
										
					2 10		5 1 1 7			
									5 1 4	
										
			2		1					
										
			3		9					
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
							6 6			
			4		5 2 2					
										
			1			1				
							1			
										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System,	8 13	•	14 24 2 6 6		20 21 2 1 3 4 27		11 17 1 7 5 5 41		10 8 1 3 10 8 18	
130. Boils............................^..................										
										
132. Whitlow............................................	1									
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.—Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.										
	5		20							
										
				1						2
	9		50 1 1		93 1 1		50		29	
										
							2			
	i									
142. Gunshot Wounds....................................	198 5 2 2	9	22 12 5 5	11	5 18 .1 4	5	12 12 2 1	5	12 16 1 3	3
										
										
										
										
			2		3		1			
										
										
151'. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence......		1								
Total................									3,135	52
	815	15	2,466	33	3,632	51	3,723	69		
:										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1861.
657
TABLE CII.—ATLANTIC REGION-Concluded.
1863.			1804.													
	DECEMBER.		January. 1 February.				March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	12,584.		16, 323.		19,270.		10,718.		22, 057.		22,165.		24, 781.		13,449.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases.	Deaths.
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 HI 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 132	3,229 5 52	91 1	3,880	122	4,314	170	5,363	192	4,691	143	5,027 6 55 5 8	126	5,954 12 35 18	142	44,862 24 710 3j 48 3 80 52 382 318 62 24 10 24	1,162 2 5 2 2 1 1 2 1
			83		138		111		85 5 G	1						
			12 2 22 3 17 29 1 1	1	3 1 6 3 19 22 5 1 1 4											
						1 1 1 1										
	2 1 15 24						2 8 14 35 1 3	1	4 4 57 28		18	1	24 28 136 64 6 4			
										1	47 46 0 2					
	8 3 3								4							
			5				1		2		7		2			
	1 2 2		1 5 2 3 2 5		1		2 I	1	1 2 1 7		7 7		4 20	1	24 53 7 42 7 21 1 8 30 2 7 2 1 220 392 15 89 244 7G 496 1	2 1 1 1 1 15 1 2 84 1 1 1 2
							i									
							5 1	1			5 3		8 1 3			
																
									1							
											1					
1211	1				1 3											
124 125 12G 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 14G 147 148 149 150 .	2		2	f........			1				2		5			
																
	1		2		1											
							1									
									1 23 45 2 19 38 12 52							
	18 29		17 34 2 9 28 8 66		28 42 1 10 54 6 78		25 60 3 14 43 8 70 1				26 45	1	20 54 1 11 25 7 57	1		
	4 11 10 21										4 21 8 38					
								1	83	1	56 2 3 7 44 18 12 7 1 4	8	64	2		
	67		81		74 1 2		89 1								745 6 20 17 1,411 158 88 42 2 87	
	4		4	1					2 1 18 14 11 9	4 1		2 11	1 9 522 19 22 3 1	18		
																
	23 8 1	7	8 16	2	531 11 2Q, 2	1 1	16 9 11 4	8								
			2	1												
																
	22	1	16		27		4	1	8			1				
												|				
												|		1 1 |		1 6
					1							|				
	______________________________ ■_____________															
	3,-72	100	4.3C8	127 j 5,410		180	5,907	205	5,236	151	5,544	149	7,140	166 50,948		1,208
83 
658                SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
            TABLE CIII.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					_8<;:j.					-
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		November. 25,421.	
										
	9,7	99.	15,604.		17,	827. Deaths.	21,486.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 91 3 79	Death*. 2-r> 2J
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	71	38	125 1 190	54 1 59	102 6 209	53 6 61	134 3 202	51 2 48		
										
	189	39								
										
	140 546 274 30 93 857 140 217 74 6 14 325	12 1 8 22 15 23 26 2 30	337 1,329 897 27 36 1,213 225 327 70 11 25 238	30 1 17 59 65 39 30 1 5 17	350 1,399 717 45 87 1,085 256 323 35 6 61 340	55 7 41 32 55 72 10 1 8 39	352 1,286 1,063 177 116 1,273 245 411 68 13 48 519	20 4 1 5 44 55 82 51 24 2 14 90	501 1,385 1,080 78 69 1,451 230 311 94 17 30 100	8 3 1 21 31 47 43 21 8 5
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
18. Diphtheria...................................	2 224 80 15 13 36 1	1 1 3	6 69 70 57 20 59 3 5 6	24	16 167 72 42 21 68 8	2 2 2 1	38 ISO 224 32 38 76 10 3 9	2 2 4 2	17 218 146 118 37 106 19 5 7 1 3 288	1 1 8
										
										
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis.....................................										
										
										
25. Stricture of the Urethra....................'____										
	2				4					
27. Serpent Bite.............................										
28. Other Diseases of this Order........................			2 129 2							
ORDER III.—Dielic Diseases. 29. Scurvy..............................	93	12		2 1	100 2	4 1	154 3	5		
										
31. Delirium Tremens....................	1 3								1	1
										
					1 25					
34. Other Diseases of this Order...................	5		8	1			10		3	
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...................................										
	148 69 9	4	138 58 32	1 1 5	167 78 60 1 2 32 25 17	1 2 7	320 157 57 1	6 7 4 1	312 310 91 1 2 48 24 19	1 7 9 9 9 2
										
										
										
	2 1 6 14									
41. Other Diseases of this Order.......................		1 6	51 13 5	2 1		6 13 2	57 33 13	9 17 2		
ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases. 42. Consumption............................										
										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch..........	1				6		5 1 15		9 1 11	
46. Tape-worm..........										
47. Other Intestinal Worms......	24		5		16					
48. Other Diseases of this Order										
Carried forward... .										___
	3,725	244	5,791	416	5,951	483	7,356	554	7,319	292
-------------										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
659
             TABLE CIII.



of Colored  Troops  in  the Central Region.
	18G3.		1864.													
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
32,146.			36,301.		37,146.		43.816.		47,333.		49,251.		44,571.		31,725.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	132	29	182	52	102	50	114	49	145	64	135	58	161	91	1,494	614
2 3 4 5	3 84			2 20	o 88	1 15	190	8 26	171	10 45	5 165	12 25	9 199	7 44	32 1,887	49 434
		23	121													
	344	18	392	20	370	7	432	17	462	38	702	25	747	17	5,132	267
6	1,246	1	1,020	2	865	0	1,170	2	1,146	2	1,304	1	1,005	1	13, 761	18
7	792	2	734	1	915	1	875	2	1,146		955		1,201	2	10,649	18
8	40		63		104		76		124		147		90		1,001	6
9	72	25	55	23	50	17	99	25	47	30	58	20	68	22	850	293
10	1,372	18	1,460	12	1,662	21	2,751	21	3,453	42	4,325	82	4,529	88	25, 431	483
11	244	64	195	56	246	44	375	47	327	62	406	78	422	119	3,311	734
12	317	15	347	21	294	16	558	41	709	51	884	47	802	52	5, 500	471
13	42	11	27	14	17	5	72	9	66	12	94	24	120	21	779	207
14	23	1	22	6	48	8	73	8	.75	12	51	10	45	4	390	55
15	172	30	287	26	329	66	435	169	383	151	315	144	204	68	2,303	691
16	406	22	265	35	213	73	491	59	589	90	344	43	239	22	4,069	525
17 18																
	51		36	1	26	2	20	1	13	3	43		21		289	13
19	490		488		342	2	5o5		714		564		299		4,320	4
20	340		477		264		330		327		305		157		2, 792	3
21	23		63	1	175	11	200	10	252	23	221	25	245	11	1,443	114
22	56		42	1	57		43	2	73	2	63		76	2	539	10
23	108		97		104	1	111		171		114		120		1,170	1
24	12		12		18		11		22		16	1	9		141	1
25	5		2		3		3		3		2		2		33	
26	3		8		9		6		14		28		18		114	
27 28 29									2		3 8 432	4	1 48 379	11	7 68 2,835	1 60
			1 150	1	3 141		3 235									
	355	8						4	379	3						
30 31 32 33 34					1		4	3	4		2				18 5 5 4 75	6 o 2
													1			
	1										1 1					
												1	2 6			
			2				8		8							
35 36 37 38 39 40 41																
	411 312 78	6 2 7	370 282 70	3 2 16	375 212 96	4 1 3	398 318 69	2 6 5	381 319 102 1 4 51	6 2 5	337 263 169	6 9 16	346 252 237 1 9 28	1 16 13 3	3,703 2,630 1,070 5 27 511	37 59 90 1 47
			1 47	4	1 19	2	2 105	5		1	4 47	2				
	25	5														
42 43 44 45 46 47 48 __	22 17	10 1	40 36	12 1	28 27	20 2	24 42	18	29 86	24	43 63	30 1	33 74 11 17 2 19	29 3	320 413 11 201 6 333 2	190 15 5
	5		12		23		32 2 53		48		43					
	6		11		6 1				85 1	3	82	2				
																
	7,609	298	7,417	332	7,236	374	10, 285	539	11,932	681	12,744	666	12,314	647	99, 679	5,526
 
660
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CIII.—CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
-					18( Sr.L'TK 17,8	315. mi:ici;. 27. 1				
									NOVF.MBEtt. 23,481. Cases. Deaths.	
	July.		August.				October. 21.486.			
										
	9,799.		15,604.							
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		
	3,725 1 3 160 4 20 2	244 1 1 11 2	5,791	416	5,951	483	7,356 3 8 120 4 5 1 2 15 60 5	564 1 2 3 2		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.									1 12 192 4 9 1	1 1 6 1
			4 83 10 5 2 1	2 4 2	7 119 1 4 3 1 10 81 4 1 5	1 3 o 1 1				
										
										
										
										
										
	3 40 o 17								10 115 2	1
		2	36 4 13 4	1						
										
										
							5 1	6		
ORDER II.—Diseases of Eye.	2								1 1 46	
					1 50 1 13 3 3 2 6 46					
	16 1 3 1 3 4 5 27		52 2 8 3 6 4 12 26	1			41 5			
									3 ........	
									7 1	
							15 6 3 22 40			
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
									2 6	
										
									45 ........	
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
			3		2	1	3 5 4 5	2 1	6 2	o 1
	1 2	1 1								
			1 3	1						
									4 3 1 5 1 11 6 520 22 2 2 18 443 130 14 61 129 217 6	2
										
					2 10 3		2 5 3			
	1 2 10 8 56 5		10							
										
										4
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.			2 42 7 1 1				6 159 20 4 2 18 337 61 4 7 101 142 10	1 I 2 1 93 10 1 1		
				1	97 18 2 4 4 128 22 4 16 108 118 2 1 14 5	3 38 3 1				4 1 89 7 o 1 1
										
										
	6 14 76 30 4 1 96 171 11									
										
		16 2	117 43 7 20 68 S8 7	46 2						
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............................................										
										
										
										
	7 19		4 12	2		1	25 26		18 12	4
										
										
			5 1		2 3 35		4 3 27 1			
	4 17									
100. Hernia........									37	
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach............			1							1
Carried forward........			6,541					681	9,447	.-------------------------------■
	4,580	281		478	6,912	538	8,721			| 421
1-----										J------
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30,  18G4.
661
TABLE CIII.—CENTRAL REGION-Continued.
	1803.								18(5 1.							
DECEMBER.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
32,146.			36,301.		37,146.		43,816.		47, 333.		49,251.		44,571.		31, 725.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Death?.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	7,609	298	7,417	332	7,236	374	10,285	539	11,932	681	12,744	666	12,314	647	99, 679	5,526
49	3	3	o	3	1	4	8	8	5	4	4	3	0	3	30	31
50	9		12	2	33	2	9	1	9	1	19	4	18	1	143	16
51	138		218		137		322		239		245		320		2,353	
52	6		1	1	2		4		3		3		8		50	3
53	7	7	8	25	8	15	3	6	6	6	13	4	14	7	102	97
54	23	2	9	3	3	4	8	5	4	5	8	7	4	4	68	39
55	1		2			1	4	3	2	1	1	1	3	1	17	8
																
56 57	3		6	2			9	2	18		13 172	4	7 147		94 1,282	9 3
	118		128	2	111	1	130		144							
58	3	2	4	1	1	1	o	1	3		3	I	5	3	38	11
59					2		1		i				31 1	3	75 147	8 25
60	3		20	3	66	8	32	1	7	3	4	3				
61	2		3		1		2		3		5		8		28	
62 63							3 123		2 156		1 174				8 1,019	
	49		75		78								159			
64	1		2		12				4				3 70		44 262	
G5	8		12		15		37		38		51					
C6	0		1		12		18		22		11		8		97	
67	2		3		9		8		6		8		10		64	
68	2		2		1		5		1		1		5		32	
69	10		11		7		12		16		23		15		145	1
70	43		36		22		36		38		12		17		388	
71 72					1 4	1 1			2 13	1 3				1 6	3 67	3 26
	4	2	7	1			9	1			10	7	6			
73	2	1	3	3	7	1	4	3	4	1	7	2	4	4	39	17
74	2	I			2						2 1		6 3	2 1	24 34	13 16
75	3	3	1		6	6	6	3	2	1						
76 77 78	1		1 1 6	1		1	3 1 11					2			8 8 72	4
											1 2					
	1				4				7				10			
79	2						4 1 10		9 7 27		0		4 4 15		33 44 117	
80 81	5 10				6 11	1		1 o		1 2				2		9 4
			8								14					
82	810	6	973	13	604	17	604	8	597	18	307	7	388		5,217	77
83	42	1	123	2	41	1	79	5	85	5	100	6	78	16	620	37
84					2		2		3		7	5				12 1
85			3												44	
8G	46		53		71	3	55	4	56		53	2	98		486	10
87	658	143	1,152	243	826	274	997	324	882	407	671	247	324	161	6,611	2,081
88	196	10	225	19	189	14	344	19	261	30	■ 146	13	136	15	1,803	144
89	7		6	1	13		9	o	10	2	5	3	11		94	11
90	220	3	350	3	200	1	95	1	73		12	1	3		1,058	9
91	110		130		92		153	1	181		173		213		1,554	2
92	205		276		328		306		429		408		464		3,162	o
93 94 95	1 1 10				o 1 12	1 3	7 1 40		20	2 11	33 1 65	5 20	39 1 60	1 16	138 6 338	7 3 72
																
		3	36	2				10	47							
9b	26		30		35		50		67		62		77		421	
97 98 99									1	1					1 24 35	1 2
					4 3		3 3	1			2 5		4 4	1		
	I		4						4							
100	38		33		33		43		53		28	2	41	1	408	3
101	1		1		4		2	1	2						11	2
																
	10,444	485	11,394	662	10,261 1 738		13, 969	955	15,579	1,190	15, 656	1,019	15,168	897	128, 672	8,345
 
662
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CIII.—CENTRAL REGION-Concluded
					ls<	J 3.				
									-.'>, 42L Cases. Dcutbi, 1	
	JULY.		Auc	L'ST. 604.	September.		October.			
Mean Strength..................................										
	9,799.		15,		17,827.		21,	J86.		
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		
	4,580 4 38 23 19	281 1 1 1	6,541 4 31 16 9 1 15 6 88 46	478 1 2 3 2 1	6,912 2 43 7 8 3 16 5 148 44 7 4 8 4 2 3 11 10 4 2 5 2 1 5 1 1	538 5 1 1 6	8,721 8 71 24 30 1 18 18 131 45 2 1	681 1 2 6 9 1		
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.									9,447 3 P.". 14 16 1 10 15 79 31 31 2 2	421 1 1 1
										
										
										
										
	25 4 45 28	2								
										
										
110. Piles.....................................										
111. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.	1		4 1 2							
113. Diabetes...........................................										
	1 !........						7 2 1 9 5 7 3 1 13 8 10			
									2 5 7 4 10 2	
116. Diseases of Testis..................................	3 10 4 6 4									
			6 3 12 4 1	1 1						
										
										
										
121. Other Diseases of this Order.........................										
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.								1	1 1 4	
123. Caries.............................	!									
124. Inflammation of Joints.............	'1......		3							
125. Inflammation of Bones...........										
126. Inflammation of Periosteum............	3						3 4			
			3						1	
128. Other Diseases of this Order..............										
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	12 13 7 7 4 4 13		32 31 6 4 11 1 22 1 26	1	21 27 5 4 1 3 19	2	17 25 2 6 2 7 19 1 50 1 1		12 37	
130. Boils.........................										
										
132. Whitlow.......................								1 1	3 ■> 13 36 1	1
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns............................										
										
										
		4		1	41 3 3 1 11 8 4 6 2 2	1				
	42								39	
										
			1	1 4				1 5	3 4 28 24 8 5 1 2	1 11 1 2 1
141. Compound Fractures.................										
142. Gunshot Wounds......................	0 1 5	5	29 3 1 8 s 1			8'	14 8 4 2			
143. Incised Wounds.............................										
144. Lacerated Wounds.......................										
145. Punctured Wounds......................										
146. Poisoning...............										
147. Other Accidents and Injuries.........	5						1	3		
148. ORDER II.—Homicide.........										
149. ORDER III.—Suicide.....		1								
150. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence										1
Total...........	4,905	296			7,419		9.U03			
			6,973	496		562		712		446
'-----------										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1804.
663
TABLE CIII.—CENTRAL REGION-Concluded.
	1863. '								1804.							
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
32.146			36,301.		37,146.		43,816.		47, 333.		49,	251.	44,	571.	31,	725.
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	10,444	485	11,394	662	10,261	738	13, 969	955	15, 579	1,190	15, 656	1,019	15,168	897	128, 672	8,345
102	2		2				2	2		1	1		7	1	35	8
																
103	132		199		241		282		194	2	121	1	113		1,550	3
104	28	2	12	1	18	2	28 3		8	1	20	3	28	2	226	19
105	17		10	2	6	1	17	1	12	4	23	8	34	14	201	46
106	3	1	1	1	5	2	2	1	1	2	4		1	1	23	9
107	34	2	42	2	20	2	22	4	27	1	30	8	40	6	299	32
108	10	2	10	1	14	1	8		31	2	9	2	8	2	138	10
109	74	1	66	2	65	5	80	2	107	o	68	o	309	2	1,260	34
110	37	1	46		49		46		78		71	3	80		607	5
111	11	1	22		15		16		20		10	1	36		170	3
11"	2		7				5		4		6 2 6		8 2 28		44 19 58	
113	2		1						]	1		1 1				2 o
114	3		2		1		1	1	3							
115							1		o				1 9		10 82	
116	12		28		6		1		6		8					
117	11		10		8		13		13	1	22	1	28		148	3
118	3		5		3		1		6		6		6		56	
119	7		6		4	........	8		7		11		14		96	1
120	5		2		1		1'		3 ;........		3	1	3		33	1
121					3				3 '		3 1	2	3		26 30 19 90	2
122	3		2				1		6 i							
123			4		1		1									1
124	9		3		6		5		12	........	25		7			
125 126			........1...		2 o				1 1				1 1		5 15	
	1		1				1				1					
127 128	1		1		2 1	1	1		5		1				19 1 414	1
																
129	25		33		46		37	1	47		71		61			4
130	39		42		57		58		94		127		70		620	
131	1		4		4		1		9		4		6		49	
U2	6		10		10		14		24		20		10		118	
166	6		4		48		15	1	112	1	59		52		319	2
134	7		30		13		16	1	18		12		14		138	0
135	21		36		46		50		62		43		42	1	409	1
136	1				3		1	1	1	2	4	3	4	2	17	9
137 138						4	113	5	136	2	114	7	160	1Q		35
	86		84		74										965	
139			4 3		2 1 3 51		2 7 1 92		3 1 3 70		4 5 o		3 2		23 31	
140 141	3							1 20		1						2 6 119
142	38	8	28	6		13				16	48	9	74	14	528	
143	27		23		18		26		34		• 44		47		268 .	
144	4		4		9		11		10		13		11		80 .	
14a	1		14		3		12	o	8	o	15	1	1G	1	95	6
146 147	2 3				2 47	5 1	1 47	1 2	3 3	1 3	3	2 2			12 480	10 20
			346	7									21			
148 149 150				1		9										4 7 2
								1				4		1 1		
																
—	11,121	503														
.			12,541	685	11,171	777	15,023	1,005	16,768	1,237	16,696	1,081	16, 538	956	138,512	8,750
 
664
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF COLORED TROOPS
            TABLE  C1Y.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					1863.					----
										
	July.		Aug	UST.	September.		October.		NoVEMBEIt. 35,919.	
										
	12,049.		20,191.		24, 044.		30,521.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 33 32
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	74	38	156 1 237	63 1 62	139 18 254	69 7 64	169 3 245	64 2 52	127 3 112	
	189	39								
										
	191 598 285 30 93 997 140 269 75 7 18 327	12 1 10 22 15 23 26 4 30	396 1,429 978 27 36 2,096 225 437 70 11 25 264	30 1 17 61 65 42 30 1 5 18	418 1,573 948 46 88 2,064 269 462 38 7 68 351	55 8 43 34 60 74 11 1 9 39	411 1,628 1,224 194 120 2,020 286 507 83 14 57 555	21 6 .1 5 47 57 91 51 27 2 14 90	549 1,579 1,305 86 69 2,044 252 398 98 25 56 123	8 3 1 21 34 55 44 22 o 8 5
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
18. Diphtheria..........................................	2 237 80 50 16 .49 6	1 1 3	6 100 75 154 36 79 9 10' 6	25	16 224 128 113 52 96 14	2 2 2 1	66 219 380 95 88 117 14 3 10	2 2 4 2	18 280 276 171 92 149 19 6 7 1 3 304	1 1 I 8
										
										
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis............................................										
										
24. Orchitis...........................................										
										
	2				4					
27. Serpent Bite........................................										
			2 150 2 2	2 I	1 134 o	5 1	1 177 3	7		
ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy..........................................	93	12								
										
	1 3								1 3	1
										
					1 27					
	5		8	1			10		3	
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	168 77 20	4	283 79 36	1 1 5	420 104 60 1 2 39 31 32	1 2 7 7 13 2	553 245 95 3 1 66 42 38	6 7 5 1 9 20 2	487 410 111 1 o 55 29 31	1 7 12 9 10 3
										
										
39. Cancer..............................................										
	2 4 6 14	1 6	2 53 14 9	3 1						
										
ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases.										
43. Scrofula..........................................										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch................	1				6		6 1 15		25 1 11	
46. Tape-worm.........................										
47. Other Intestinal Worms.............	24		5		30					
										
Carried forward........									__	__
	4,153	248	7,508	436	8,280 I	519	9,764	597	| 9,328 . 322	
									i	J________
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
665
                TABLE  CIY.
of Colored  Troops in the  United  States Army.
1863 DECEMB		ER.	180 1.													
			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	44.73C		52,624.		56,416.		54, r	34.	70,290.		71,416.		09,352. 1		45,174.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 1	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
1	158	35	225.	65	129	62	144	60	171	78	160	67	214	117	1,866	752
0	3		2	3	8	2	11	12	1	11	11	13	9	9	70	60
3	133	28	187	32	152	31	232	28	202	45	267	32	305	54	2,515	499
4 5											98 996	11 28	34 1,079	1 25	132 6,585	12 296
	395	18	473	20	546	10	543	30	588	39						
6	1,435	1	1,202	2	1,100	2	1,405	2	1,367	2	1,500	1	1,423	2	16,239	21
7	913	2	839	1	1,025	1	1,005	2	1,282		1,164		1,415	2	12, 383	19
8	41		64		107		77		131		160		110		1,073	6
9	159	48	91	32	67	23	131	37	55	31	67	22	82	26	1,058	357
10	1,766	19	1,819	13	2,057	21	3,384	24	4,114	42	5,940	87	6,550	89	34,851	503
11	262	70	215	60	284	44	408	55	344	64	466	83	508	122	3,659	784
12	380	19	415	21	340	16	673	42	901	52	1,207	52	1,226	60	7,215	496
13	48	12	29	14	18	5	74	9	66	12	109	26	139	26	847	220
14	46	2	43	7	57	8	88	8	107	14	73	11	04	5	542	61
15	204	31	348	35	433	86	499	179	462	159	357	155	233	75	2,760	700
16 17 18	658	36	464	42	392	77	734	66	851	100	450	43	268	22	5,443	568
	54		36	1	26	2	26	2	25	3	47		24	1	346	15
19	542		623		703	3	1,010		1,020		673		386		6,017	5
20	576		611		377	1	480		451		336		188		3,958	4
21	49	1	237	1	207	11	366	12	309	25	273	25	337	16	2,361	125
22	91		75	1	128		125	4	118	2	98		106	2	1,025	13
23	138		158		188	1	196		239		166		148		1,723	1
24	19		18		31		22		61		34	1	24		271	1
25	5		2		6		6		7		6		2		53	
26	3		10		9		8		19		29		19		126	
27 28 29									2		3 8 459	4	1 48 394	11	7 74 2,982	1 63
			1 152	1	7 141		3 243									
	355	8						4	380	3						
30 31 32 33 34					1		4	3	4 2		2				18 7 10 4 77	6 2 2
													1			
	3										1 1					
												1	2 6			
			2				8		8							
35 36 37 38 39 40 41	687 419 105	6 2 8	590 424 83 1 2 62	4 2 16	571 374 133	4 1 3 1 4	579 485 93 10 2 107	3 6 5 5	528 490 156 1 4 52	7 2 5	516 362 187	6 9 16	519 383 272 2 12 32	2 17 13 3	5,901 3,852 1,351 19 37 568	41 60 95 2 1 51
	3 26	5		1 4	1 23					2	4 49	2				
42 43 44 45 46 47	34 43	16 2	58 58	21 1	41 72	35 2	43 92	26	39 113	32	62 83	44 1	61 109 11 43 3 21	41 3	460 694 11 387 8 376	267 17 5
	12		24		41		76 o 53		78		75 1 87	2				
	6		26		8				90	3						
48					1				1						2	
																
	9,771	370	9,669	400	9,804	456	13,447	624	14,839	733	16,587	742	16,813	744	129,903	6,191
84 
666
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF COLORED  TROOPS
TABLE CIV.—UNITED STATES ARMY—Continued.
					1863.					----
										
	July.		August.		September.				November. 35,919.	
										
	12,049.		20,191.		24,044.					
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 9,328 2 21 297 6 10 1 2 15 136 3	Deaths. 322 2 1 G 1 1 1
	4,153 1 3 177 4 20 2 1 3 42 2 17	248 1 1 11 2 1	7,508	436	8,280	519	9,764 4 32 181 5 7 1 2 20 83 5	597 2 2 4 j		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
			9 170 10 5 o 1	2 4 2	21 254 4 4 3 1 13 120 5 1 8	1 3 2 1 1				
										
										
										
										
										
										
		o	49 6 14 5	1						
										
										
							6 1	6	5 1 2 70 3 7 1 2 2 12 51	
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.	2									
					1 96 1 15 4 3 4 7 68					
	25 1 5 1 3 5 6 27		71 2 11 3 6 4 14 36	1			73 9 1 16 6 3 25 59			
										
										
										
ORDER HI.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
69. Otorrhcea...........................................										
										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
			3		3 o	1 1	7 5 4 5	3 1	15 3 1 4 3 1 12 1 11 14 738 32 2 2 42 515 157 16 140 217 368 7	o 2 2 4 5 1 97 7 3 1 1
	1 2	1 1								
			1 4	1						
										
										
					2 12 8		2 8 4			
	1 2 10 9 72 13		12 2							
										
										
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.			3 86 7 1 1 1 130 55 8 100 141 190 15	1 47 2	16 244 25 2 4 6 157 57 7 122 262 263 9 1 14 29	3 45 3 1	15 488 42 4 2 58 381 108 4 7 234 303 13	2 3 2 1 104 12 1 1		
										
										
										
	6 14 78 33 5 5 103 215 21	16 2								
										
										
										
										
										
Order VT.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............................................										
										
										
										
	7 19		4 18	2		1	28 35	1	19 26	4
										
										
			5 1 31		2 3 46 4		4 3 46 1			........
	4 26									
100. Hernia.......									55	1
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach..........										
Carried forward............										
	5,146	286	8,745	499	10,222	582	12,114	744	12,378	464
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
667
TABLE CIV.—UNITED STATES ARMY—Continued.
	1863	R. ---- deaths.							1864.						|	
DECEMBl 44,730.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			52,624.		56,416.		54,534.		70,290.		71,416. 1		69,352.		45,174.	
"	Cases. 1		Cases. 1	)eaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases. ]	Death*.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
																
	9,771	370	9,669	400	9,804	456	13,447	624	14,839	733	16,587	742	16,813	744	129,963	6,191
49 50	4	5	2	3	1	5	9	9	5	4	5	4	5	3	38	38
	20		21	2	46	2	20	2	20	2	26	4	24	1	263	18
	251		385		323		752		643		536		545		4,514	
52 53	7		3	1	4		11	1	5		4		12		75	4
	7	7	9	27	8	16	3	6	8	9	14	7	18	11	113	111
54	23	2	9	4	5	6	8	5	4	5	8	7	5	5	71	43
55	1		3	1		2	4	3	3	2	1	1	3	2	22	14
56 57			8	2			14	2	19	1	24	4	23		146	9
	151		183	2	164	1	190		195		216		198		1,736	3
W	6	2	7	1	1	1	2	1	6	2	5	3	7	3	55	15
59 60					2 66	8	1 35	1	1 13	1 3	15 4	2 4	60 9	3	111 177	8 28
	3	2	23	3												
61	3		4		7		4		3		5		12		42	
62 63							8 180		6 217		5 227		5 250		27 1,482	
	74		94		105											
64	2		2		14		1		4		11		5		55	
65	9		17		17		45		45		69		98		339	
G6	2		1		12		20		24		11		11		106	
67	3		5		9		10		7		9		16		79	
68	2		2		3		8		4		4		7		48	
69	14		22		19		30		32		26		23		230	1
70	71		61		54		38		49		14		26		554	
71 72					1 7	1 1			2 17	3 4				1 7	3 111	5 29
	8	2	12	1			16	1			11	7	12			
73	2	1	3	3	7	1	4	3	4	2	10	o	4	4	45	20
74 75	3 4	1 3			2 7	3 7	3 8	2 5	3 2	2	3 1	2 1	6 3	5 1	28 39	16 21
			1													
76 77 78			5 1 6	1					1			3			14	5
							2 16	1			1 5				9 115	1
	3				10				13				17			
79 80 81	2 5 16				6 6 17	1	6 2 16	2 2	11 7 30	1 2	8		10 4 25	2	60 45 191	10 4
																
			8								22					
82	1,108	8	1,470	13	1,063	19	1,157	31	884	23	445	8	543	1	8,298	113
83	49	1	194	2	88	2	109	8	170	7	109	6	92	17	930	46
84	1		1		2		2		3	3	7	6	4	2	29	15
85	2		7		10		16	1	18		32		15	1	115	2
86	76		67		101	4	129	9	85		68	2	110		757	16
87	753	155	1,414	290	1,133	351	1,262	386	1,106	471	768	282	424	190	8,121	2,434
88	257	10	324	22	329	14	426	21	350	36	201	14	216	16	2,513	159
89	9	1	12	1	22		13	3	15	3	9	3	16		136	15
90	340	3	436	3	220	2	139	2	101	-------	20	1	10		1,640	11
91	185		195		216		258	1	296		331		364		2,802	2
92	305		404		522		715		750		536		716		5,287	2
93	2		21		6	1	12		29		48	5	70		253	7
94 95	1 10				1 16	3	1 42			2 11	1 72	23	1 68	1 17	6 365	3 80
		3	38	2				13	47							
96	43		61		53		67		86		90		130		657	
97 98 99									1	1					1 24 55	1 2
					4 8		3 6	1			2 7		4 6	1		
	1		4						12							
100	54		59		50		57		73		49	2	77	1	623	3
101	1		1		4		2	1	2		1				i 16 !	
																
	13,673	576	15,274	784	14,575	908	19,332	1,147	20,270	1,333	20,683	1,145	21,122	1,039	173,534	9,507
 
668
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CIV.-UNITED STATES ARMY-Concluded.
Year......................................					IS	53.			--	MBEIt. no. Deaths. 464 o 2 4 1 1 1
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		N'OVJ X,,	
	12, 049.		20,191.		24,044.		30,	521.		
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases. [Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deatlis.	Coses. 12,378 4 120 16 19 1 10 15 90 52 31 2 4	
			8,745 4 39 16 9 1 16 0 109 60 38 4 1 2	499 1 2 3 2 1	10,222 2 70 12 20 3 17 10 163 59 13 5 8 4 2 5 21 10 5 2 14 2 1 10 3 3	582 G 1 1 6	12,114 8 152 24 . 34 1 18 18 160 63 2 1 4 7 2 6 10 6 14 3 1 13 14 16	744 1 2 7 9 1		
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued. 102. Haemorrhage from Bowels...............	4 38 23 19	1 1 1								
103. Inflammation of Tonsils............										
104. Inflammation of Stomach.............										
105. Inflammation of Bowels................										
106. Inflammation of Peritonaeum............										
107. Acute Inflammation of Liver............	25 4 46 30 3 1	2								
108. Chronic Inflammation of Liver......										
										
110. Piles........................										
111. Other Diseases of this Order...............										
Order VIL—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs. 112. Stone and Gravel..................										
113. Diabetes........................										
114. Bright's Disease...........	1									
115. Diseases of Prostate................									2 5 12 5 14 2	
116. Diseases of Testis.............	3 10 4 0 4									
117. Inflammation of Kidneys..........			6 3 14 4 4	1 1						
118. Inflammation of Bladder.........										
119. Incontinence of Urine..........										
										
121. Other Diseases of this Order................										
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints. 122. Anchylosis..............								1	1 1 4	
123. Caries............										
124. Inflammation of Joints..........	1		7							
125. Inflammation of Bones.........										
126. Inflammation of Periosteum......	3		1 3			1	3 5			
									1	
128. Other Diseases of this Order............	i									
ORDER IX. Diseases of Integumentary System 129. Abscess..................	20 26 7 8 4 4 18		46 55 8 10 17 1 42 1 76 1 2	1	41 48 7 5 4 7 46	2	28 42 3 13 7 12 60 1 100 1 3	1 1	22 45 1 6 15 21 54 1 68	1 2
130. Boils...................										
										
132. Whitlow....................										
133. Skin Diseases.............										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.—Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns.........................										
										
										
		4		2 1 15	134 4 4 1 16 26 5 10 o 5	1				
	51 1 1									
										
140. Simple Fractures....................								1 10	3 4 40 40 9 8 1 2	1 14 1 2 1
141. Compound Fractures................										
142. Gunshot Wounds................			51 15 6 13 1 2			13	26 20 6 3			
	11 3 7									
144. Lacerated Wounds..............										
145. Punctured Wounds............										
146. Poisoning..............										
147. Other Accidents and Injuries___	5						o	3		
148. Order II.—Homicide.......										
149. Order HI.—Suicide___		1 1					|			
150. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence										1 498
Total..........							|		13,129	
	_ _0 .		9,439	529	11,051	613	13,026	781		
										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1804.
669
TABLE CIV.-UNITED STATES ARMY—Concluded.
1863.			1864.													
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	44,730.		52,624.		56,416.		54,	534.	70, 290.		71,416.		69,352.		45,174.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases,	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	13,673	576	15,274	784	14,575	908	19,332	1,147	20,270	1,333	20,683	1,145	21,122	1,039	173,534	9,507
102	7	1	2				2	2		1	7		19	1	59	10
																
103	184		282		379		393		279	2	176	1	148		2,260	3
104	28	2	12	1	18	2	28	3	13	1	25	3	46	2	261	19
105	17		22	3	9	1	17	1	18	4	31	8	34	14	249	51
106	3	1	3	1	6	3	2	1	1	3	4		1	1	26	11
107	36	2	64	2	26	2	24	5	31	1	48	9	64	6	379	34
108	11	2	13	1	17	1	16		35	2	9	2	36	2	190	10
109	89	1	83	2	84	6	94	2	164	2	115	2	445	2	1,642	35
110	61	1 .	75		71		81		106		117	3	150		925	5
HI	11	1	23		20		17		20	1	12	1	42		232	4
112	10		8		1		8		8		8		12		68	
111	5		1		1	1			1	1	2		2 30		29 82	4 3
114	6		7		5	1	2	1	5		13	1				
115							1		2						10 106	
116	13		29		7		3		7		15		13			
117	13		15		8		14	1	15	1	29	1	48	1	201	5
118	5		7		3		1		7		6		6		63	
119	7		9		4		13	1	14		16		22		138	2
120	5		4		1 '........		2		3		6	1	4		40	1
131			5		3		7		4			2	6		47 31 27 120	2
129	3		2				1		6		2					
123 124	1 11		4 5		2 9		1 6						3 12			1
									12		27					
125 126					2 3				1 1				1 1		7 22	1
	2		3				1				1					
127 128 129	1		1		2 1 74	1	2		5 1 70		1				21 2 634	I 5
																
	43		50				62	1			97	1	81			
130	68		76		99		118		139		172		124		1,012	
131	1		6		5		4		11		4		' 7		64	
132	10		19		20		28		43		24		21		207	
133	17		32		102		58	1	150	1	80		77		563	2
134	17		38		19		24	1	30		20		21		214	2
135	45		102		124		120		114		81		99	2	905	2
136 137 138	1				3	4	2 202	1 6	1 219	2 3	4 170	3 15	4 224	2 12	18	9 50
																
	153		165		148										1,710	
139			4 7		0		3 7		3 3		6 8		3 3		29 51	
140	7			1	3l........					1						3
141 142					3		1 108	1 28	4 88	2 20	9 92	2 20	9 596	1 32	31 1,939	8 203
	61	15	36	8	582	14										
143	35		39		29	1	35		48		63		66		426	1
144	5		4		29		22		21	1	25		33		168	1
145	1		16		5		16	2	17	2	22	1	19	1	137	6
146	2			1	2	5	1	1	3	1	1	2	1		14	11
147	25	1	362	7	74	1	51	3	11	3	7	2	21		567	22
148 149 150				i		2										4 8 8
								1				4		2 2		
						4										
	---- ____															
	14,693 | _______1	603	16,909	812	16,581 957		20, 930	1,210	22,004	1,388	22,240	1,230	23,678	1,122	189,460	10,054
 
 
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.           671
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF  COLORED  TROOPS DURING THE  YEAR
                         ENDING JUNE 30,  1865,
    The monthly reports of sick and wounded received during  the  year  have been
included in three statistical  tables, as follows:

                      1. Atlantic Region—Table CV.

    The colored troops represented by this table were chiefly stationed in the Department
of Virginia and North Carolina and the Department of the South.

                      2. Central Region—Table CVI.

    The colored troops represented by this table were chiefly stationed in the Department
of the Gulf and at stations along the Mississippi river.

         3. Consolidated  Table for the United States—Table CVII.

    This table is prepared by consolidating Tables CV and CVI. 
672
SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
            TABLE  CV.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					18(34.					-BKB.
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		Nove	
										
	25,107.		25,475.		25,431.		31,	212.	32,517.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 17
CLASS 1.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	44 1 .336 17 601 355 361 21 18 2,772 127 444 20 5 4 20	51	36	26 1 17 13 o 1 3 14 29 9 2 1	26	31	35	46	28	
		13 20 1 1 4 5 31 10 1 3 1	203 3 436 429 402 61 37 2,710 174 378 55 3 2 39		94 6 402 797 458 34 13 1,651 196 304 32 6 1 73	16 g 10 5 14 59 14 4 1 4	96 28 455 1,131 858 29 25 1,386 132 409 34 10 40 184	12 13 2 1 7 6. 67 18 12 1 1 4	56 4 339 596 852 70 21 1,056 127 176 13 6 8 32	8 8 2 3 4 70 3 9 3 2 1
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
			7 51 97 316 65 75 4 4 1	5	7 19 83 164 53 66 4 2 4	3 3 1	7 297 60 218 62 61 13 2 5	3 5 1		
	83 65 211 57 32 2	10							231 89 235 50 44 8 2	3 1
										
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis............................................										
										
24. Orchitis.......................................										
										
										
27. Serpent Bite........................................										
			2 64				1 42		2 51	
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy....................................	72	1			58	1				
										
										
										
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases. 35. Gout...............................................	1 163 107 37 3 2 5 15 34 1 15	1 3	1 124 174 11							
				1	241 117' 30		199 170 12	1 2	305 268 8	3
										
										
										
									2	
		14	■ 4 6 20	1 11 2	14 8 32	2 15	1 17 18	1 13 2		
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.									20 30	17
43. Scrofula...................................										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch.................			14		11 1 6		44		55	
46. Tape-worm..........										
47. Other Intestinal Worms.........			3				1		1	
										
Carried forward.......										154
	6,051	170	6,011	136	5,133	185	6,082	218	4,785	
...............										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE 30,  1865.
673
              TABLE CV.
of Colored Troops in the Atlantic Region.
1864.			18G5.													
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
33,602.			37,127.		33,606.		34,982.		39,604.		35.443.		25,100. 1		31,600.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.;	Cases.	Deaths.
1	32	25	31	42	29	43	47	22	36	50	54	56	44	i 41	442	450
o 3	52	1 4							1 44	1 * 27				2 15	2 1,251	5 159
			72	3	45	9	55	3			95	32	103			
4 5															58 4,485	15 96
	385	2	391	3	229	4	266	4	245	7	409	14	267	9		
6	525		558		340	2	381		400		534		368	1	6,414	9
7	577		803	1	3C8		293		273	1	413		399	1	5,997	4
8	9		17		44		8		30		30		12		305	1
9	21	2	17	7	31	5	5	o	6	4	18	2	4		216	44
.10	1,155	2	2,245	9	998	10	1,266	6	1,521	8	2,368	34	1,514	15	20,642	127
11	127	70	146	62	112	89	148	68	93	45	216	60	85	62	1,683	712
12	214	5	443	4	227	2	210	3	298	1	384	12	227	9	3,774	90
13	19	8	14	3	17	2	14	1	15	3	22	8	21	5	273	58
14	2		21	4	17	4	10	6	17	4	-17	6	11	1	125	29
15	17	4	28	4	41	14	43	12	57	12	75	12	28	21	344	87
16	37	1	3	3	33		42		86	5	175	6	9	30	733	55
17 18 19	1 5 152						6 156	1	10 4 72		2 5 123		2		21 111 1,535	13 1
			75 140	5	1 148	1										
													63	1		
20	159		224		322		160		72		66		23		1,420	
21	174	3	154	9	145	5	174	50	266	2	302	15	342	5	2,701	115
22	72		51		48	2	68	1	73		109		68		776	5
23	48		52		45		29		65		117		79		713	
24	12		7		9		13		14		14		2		102	1
25 26 27 28 29	1		3 4		3 3		1						1 5		19 36 3 10 815	3
									11 3 1 101		3					
																
											4 112					
	29		46		64		70	1					106			
30 31 32 33 34					1		1							1	2	1 1
								1								
				i												
				1												
																
35 36															2 3,144	11
	298	1	432		378	2	315	2.	221		291	1	177	1		
37	332		360		284		316	1	244	6	388	1	129	1	2,889	14
38 39 40 41 42	7		6		. 12		7 1 15	1	12 2	1	28 1 13	3	7	1	177 7 48 27 216	8 8 247
	4		2 1 17	2 23	3 2 23							1 32	7			
								1 31								
	11	10				19	23		17	35	44		15	27		
43 44 45 46 47 48	21	1	17		13	1	26	1	53	1	75		18	2	357 1 743 2 41	9 1
	35		59		56 1 1		55		131		173		95			
	5						2		7		3		12			
																
																
	4,538	139	6,439	184	4,033	214	4,226	218	4,501	213	6,683	295	4,243	251	62,725	2,379
8
5 
G74
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  COLORED  TROOPS
TABLE  CV.—ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward.
    CLASS IV.—LOCAL  DISEASES

    Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
Apoplexy..................................
Epilepsy...................................
Headache..................................
Insanity...................................
Inflammation of Brain......................
Inflammation of Membranes of Brain........
Inflammation of Spinal Cord................
Nostalgia..................................
Neuralgia..................................
Paralysis..................................
Sun-stroke.................................
Other Diseases of this Order................
        ORDER  II.—Diseases of Eye.
Amaurosis................................■
Cataract..................................
Inflammation of Conjunctiva...............
Inflammation of Iris.......................
Night Blindness...........................■
Other Diseases of this Order...............
        Order III.—Diseases of Ear.
Inflammation of Internal Ear...............
Deafness...................................
Otorrhcea.................................
Other Diseases of this Order...............
    ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
71.  Aneurism......................................
72.  Valvular Disease of Heart..................■___
73.  Dropsy from Heart Disease.....................
74.  Dropsy of Pericardium.........................
75.  Inflammation of Pericardium....................
76.  Inflammation of Endocardium..................
77.  Inflammation of Veins..........................
78.  Varicose Veins.................................
79.  Varicocele............................  ........
80.  Other Diseases of this Order....................
 81.
 82.
 83.
 84.
 85.
 66.
 87.
 88.
 89.
 90.

 91.
 92.
 93.
 94.
 95.
 96.
 97.
 98.
 99.
100.
101.
  Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
Asthma......................................
Acute Bronchitis.............................
Chronic Bronchitis...........................
Dropsy of Chest.............................
Haemorrhage from Nose......................
Inflammation of Larynx......................
Inflammation of Lungs.......................
Inflammation of Pleura.......................
Haemorrhage from Lungs.....................
Other Diseases of this Order..................
   Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
Colic........................................
Constipation.................
Cholera Morbus..............
Cirrhosis of Liver............
Dropsy from Hepatic Disease.
Dyspepsia...................
Diseases of Pancreas.........
Diseases of Spleen...........
Fistula in Ano................
Hernia.......................
Haemorrhage from Stomach...
180-1.
July.
August.
25,107.
25, 475.
Cases.  Deaths.  Cases.  Deaths
6,051
 10
243
  4
  2
57
170
  6
217
 10
  2
Carried forward.
205
 60
7,495
6,011
  1
 14
231
  5
  4
133
 10
214
 12

221
209
 34
  3
 12
 65
7,371
September.
October.
November.
25,431.
31,212.
Cases.  Deathd.  Cases.  Deaths.
5,133
  3
 21
306
 10
185
185
  5
 10
  1

  5
131
 12
  1
  2
 10
 32
 40
  5
  7

155
171
 19
6,082
  3
 21
292
  6
218
  2
  6
  1

 17
268
 26
 16
106
 62
  2
  2

135
195
 22
  1
  7
 57
6,377
218
7,625
253
6,287    -14 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30,  18G5.
675
TABLE CV.—ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
	1864	1							18G5.							
DECEMBER. 33,602.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			37,127.		33,606.		34,982.		39,604.		35,443.		25,100,		31,600.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
																
	4,533	139	6,439	184	4,033	214	4,226	218	4,501	213	6,683	295	4,243	251	62,725	2,379
49	1	1	4	7	3	2	6	7	3	o	2	5	1	1	29	36
50	28	3	17	1	23		19	2	17		22		14	1	226	8
51	249		325		187		198		159		279		287		2,987	
52 53	6 1		4		1		5		1		9				52	2
		1	4	1	• 1	2		3	o	5	6	3	4	3	20	29
54 55 56 57			1 3		1	1 1								1	4 10	4 2
	2 2 88						1	1					I			
			2						8		6				56	
			157		110		77		75		90		51		914	
58	2		3		1		3		2	1	4		4	1	28	4
59 60 61 62 63							5 7	1 1	4		1 1	1 2	11	2	124 15	9 6
		1														
					1 1 65		3 2 68		1		3 2 78				15 9 803	
																
	64		62						67				50			
64	2		1		1		7		3		4				23	
C5	17		9		22		16		28		15		32		431	
66	4 5				4 2		1 1				3		1 o		18 35	1
			5						4							
68	4		8		10		3		2		7		8		54	
69	14		9		7		5		2		16		12		95	
70 71 72			1		2										21 2 95	1 31
											1 5	4	1 2	2		
	9	1	15	3	7	2	9	6	5	9						
73	2		4	3	11	1	6	1	1	2	4	1	3	2	45	15
74			1 2			2 1	1 2	3 2	1	2 1	1 1	1	2 1	1 1	5 10	12 13
		2		1												
7G 77 78		1			1	1	5	2				2		1	6 2 84	7
											2 13					
	3		11		7		13		7				9			
79	5		4		3		4		2		3		8		55	
eu 81						1 1	8	1	5	1	1 15	1	1 17	2	5 171	10 1
	17		18		30											
82	509		838	3	652	3	483	3	298	3	313	2	115		4,315	21
83	37	3	56	3	58	3	47	2	36	2	43	1	29	2	414	23
84 85							1 2			2	2	2			5 20	5 1
	3	1	4		4				1				1			
86	42	1	32		47		23		14		6		3		207	2
87	194	58	277	108	257	140	156	92	144	68	106	42	54	27	1,596	059
88	136	3	177	3	137	4	207	2	100	1	123	6	37		1,203	30
89	10	1	7	2	9	2	5	1	1	1	8		3	1	52	9
90	5	2	30	6	s 18	3	9	1	8	0	9	1		3	123	25
91	126		170		107	1	127		179		164		140		1,787	1
92	200	1	367		209		205		155		212		244		2,533	1
93	12		6		o		3		2		13		14	2	189	3
94 95	23	1 3									1 17				5 285	2 32
			92		54		20	3	8	2		11	16	5		
96	29	1	57		36	1	53		64		56		34		540	2
97 98																
					1 2 27		1								4	
99	6		4 34						1 20		6				42	
100	28						40				62		23	1	405	1
101	1				2 1		1				1		1		15	1
	6,425	224	9,260	325	6,156	387	6,089	352	5,931	321	8,419	380	5,479	310	82,914	3.3S8 1-
 
G7G
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CV.—ATLANTIC REGION-Concluded
					1S(	4.				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									NOVEMBIR. 32,517. Cases. , Deaths.	
	25,107.		25,4	75.	25,431.		31,2	12.		
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		
Brought forward........................ ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.	7,495 7 10 5 8	214	7,371 5 79 26	185	6,377	218 1 1 2	7,625	258	6,287	214
				1	23 1 1		78 4 14 1 12 14 133 74 5 1	1 2 4 1 1 1	65 3 1	
										
										
				1						
	32 17 119 51 8 8	1 1	45 28 175 55 9		19 6 160 62 4 5	• 1				
									2 205 61 2 1	1
										
110. Piles...............................................										
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
	7		13	1	8	1	4		25	2
										
	9 8 1 1 3		2		4 2 2 12 1	1 1	3 23 1 17 1			
								1	5 3 13	
			2 10 4 3							
										
										
									2	
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints. 122. Anchylosis.........................................%. 123. Caries............. ...........................	1				2					
							4 5			
	8		8 1 1		8				9	
										
					2 1				1 1	
							1			
			3 22 52 1 8 48 2 40							
Order IX. Diseases of Integumentary System	12 40 2 5 28 6 33 1	1			11 67 7 7 49 4 87		27 91		36 68 3 12 58 16 24 1	1
130. lioils...............................................										
										
132. Whitlow............................................						1	16 35 11 77 4	1		
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns..............................................										
										
										
		21	47 2 2 1 247 15 15 10 1	3						
	32				59 C		52 2 3 7 387 22 11 5 5 1		67	
										
	1								3	
										
	844 6 11 16	33		111	950 19 74 2 1 5	32 1 1		90 2 2	170 37 4 9	44
										
										
										
										
147. Other Accidents and Injuries.........................	5	2							2	3
148. ORDER II.—Homicide..........				1						
										
										1 266
Total................								364	7,191	
	8,840	273	8,353	303	8,048	261	8,776			
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 18G5.
677
TABLE CV.—ATLANTIC REGION-Concluded.
■■—	186	4. H5R.	18<>o.													
DECEMI			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
33,602.			37,127.		33, 606.		34,	B82.	39,604.		35,443.		25,100.		31, 600.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases,	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	6,425	224	9,260	325	6,156	387	6,089	352	5,931	321	8,419	380	5,479	310	82,914	3,388
102 103 104 105 106 107 IOC 109 110 111	1 105 4 4 2 8 5 74 44 10	1 1	3 81 10 14 4 5 10 • 98 72 19	2 1 3 1 2 1 1	9 126 6	1	2 96 7 7 4 11 13 88 66 21	1 1 3 1	3 60 7 7 6 9 13 59 53 3	1 2 1 2	3 112 ' 9 11 5 34 12 67 88 43	5 5 1 2 2 2	2 39 1 8 6 18 1 110 59 6	5 5 7 4 1 1 1	35 874 83 75 29 203 133 1 390 727 140	4 3 17 22 19 11 4 6 2 4
					1 10 2 101 37 10	3 1 1										
112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128	6		10 1 14	1	10 4 12	1	4 1 5		5 1 6	2	6 1 8 2 1 10 12 7 3 5 4		6		62 8 119 2 47 95 53 113 21 18 11 32 137 8 12 5 9	1 8 4 2 2
	12											1	5			
			9 ........		11 5 8 11		4 10 8 10 1 1 2 12 13	1 1 1	1 8 5 3 2	1			3 4 6 14 2			
	12 1 4 1 3	1	8 4 11 3 1													
					3											
									2 2 17 3							
			3 25		10 14								1 • 3 4 5			
	8										19					
	1						2									
			1								1					
									6							
129 130 131 132 133	19 63 8 8 37		23 71		23 58 3 30 45		27 59	1	34 71 2 12 73	1	38 97 2 24 72		35 56 1 2 28		297 793 29 146 555	2 1
			8 57			1	14 31									
134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147	11 60 66 3 4 4 302 20 8 8	1 1	23 111 2	1	13 61 1	1	19 27		15 48	1 1	7 57	2	6 36 1	6	133 661 10	2 3 5 32 6 4 420 2 1 3 25
																
			101		60 7 4		73 3		64 2 2		94 8 2		52 1 1		767 34 24 13 3,245 244 162 100 15 926	
		6 1 39 1	.2 51 23 8 5	2 10 1												
							1 26 23 7 7 1	1 16 4								
					162 28 5 6 5	11 2 1			83 14 7 13 2 87	21 1 I	13 15 10 12	9	10 22 2 7	4		
	160		461	7							3			3		
148 149 150										1		1		1		5
																
	7,511	1 277										1		1		4
											........					
J.			10,612	358	7,215 410		6,839	383	6,746	357	9,336	411	6,032	349	95,499	4,012 1
 
678
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  COLORED  TROOPS
                   TABLE   CVI.

Abstract of the  Sickness  and Mortality
Year............................
Month...........................

Mean Strength .................

          LIST OF DISEASES
   CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC  DISEASES.
       Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever..............................
Typhus Fever..............................
Typho-Malarial Fever.......................
Yellow Fever................................
Remittent Fever............................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever................
Tertian Intermittent Fever.................
Quartan Intermittent Fever..................
Congestive Intermittent Fever...............
Acute Diarrhoea.............................
Chronic Diarrhoea...........................
Acute Dysentery............................
Chronic Dysentery..........................
Erysipelas..................................
Small-pox and Varioloid.....................
Measles.....................................
Scarlet Fever...............................
Diphtheria..................................
Mumps.....................................
Epidemic Catarrh...........................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
        ORDER II.—Enthelic- Diseases.
Syphilis.....................................
G onorrhcea..................................
Orchitis.....................................
Stricture of the Urethra.....................
Purulent Ophthalmia........................
Serpent Bite................................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
        ORDER III.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy.....................................
Purpura....................................
Delirium Tremens..........................
Inebriation..................................
Chronio Alcoholism..........................
Other Diseases of this Order.................
 CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
           Order 1.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout............................................
36. Acute Rheumatism...............................
37. Chronic Rheumatism.............................
38. Anaimia..................................'.......
39. Cancer...........................................
40. Tumors..........................................
41. Other Diseases of this Order......................
          Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption.....................................
43. Scrofula.........................................
44. Other Diseases of this Order......................
    CLASS  III.-PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch..........................................
46. Tape-worm..................................:
47. Other Intestinal Worms.......................
48. Other Diseases of this Order...................
Carried forward.
1804.
July.
50,900.
Cases.  Deaths
192
  5
196
 47
203
 60
303
157
 21
457
  1
  1
461
266
202
28
20
13,482
111
 15
 66
 54
  3
  4
  1
 39
 88
138
 92
 24
  5
 33
 34
13
16
29
811
August.
Cases.  Deaths.
176
  3
355
1,367
1,819
1,570
  163
  124
3,676
  579
  953
   99
   14
   51
  147
 14
209
156
274

 93
170
 18
  4
  6
714
  5
  1
394
328
171
13,860
 53
  1
  2
  3
 35
 75
152
 83
 20
  1
 27
 30
42
September.
48,960.
Cases.  Deaths,
194
  3
265
1,198
2,200
1,646
  246
  100
2, 663
  571
  838
  160
   14
   41
  176
 14
181
106
258

 77
137
 22
  2
  6
1,046
344
237
 73
  2
  6
  2

 43
 75
  1
 35
 61
157
 74
 20
  1
 13
 16
26
770
13,007
October.
53,232.
Cases. Deaths.
129
 10
229
1,023
2,208
1,425
   97
   86
2,073
  346
  669
  115
   16
   76
  168
   1
   11
  406
  107
  303

   71
  125
   12
   1
   11
413
  1
  2
436
319
 92
 30
 51
127
 51
 20
  2
 20
 22
16
689
25
11,136
566 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1865.
679
             TABLE CVI.



of Colored Troops in the Central Region.
	1864								18(	>r>.						
December. 54,734.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			55,463. |		56,3	59.	58, 703.		61,203.		62,873.		79, 909.		57, 543.	
—	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths,
																
1	73	62	79	64	51	52	69	40	37	38	67	36	90	66	1,250	739
2 3 4 5	5 77	1	6						o	1	4	2	5	1	44	36
		16	80	13	66	7	80	8	107	12	153	24	176	16	1,880	332
	506	10	373	9	378	6	544	7	721	18	885	29	1,219	45	10, 013	325
6	1,345	1	1,218	1	1,078		1,373		1,239	1	1,483	2	1,583	2	19, 382	17
7	928	3	918	1	756	1	793	1	1,006	2	847		1,014	3	13, 658	19
8	114		80		55		74		107	1	144		85		1,438	6
9	24	9	24	13	30	10	27	10	22	12	62	24	58	27	713	261
10	2,070	23	1,976	19	1,611	13	2,313	20	2,544	29	3,688	38	5,393	44	33, 944	481
11	253	68	185	68	192	50	199	60	256	48	341	60	463	77	4,222	1,076
12	454	28	444	22	394	16	580	16	719	22	856	24	1,149	47	8,465	494
13	67	19	36	18	53	9	45	7	32	7	66	9	121	13	970	197
14	102	20	48	20	36	12	48	20	70	13	54	15	53	15	541	132
15	104	40	227	122	259	130	211	132	193	73	129	52	72	18	1, 604	688
16	175	16	145	12	83	8	214	9	177	23	138	35	259	34	2,098	279
17 18					20 19	2 1	10 21	3	14 . 1	1	51 10	2	1 4		97 204	20
	29	6	12	1												
19	351		199		306		340		331		223		197		3,415	4
20	316		343		468		427		229		161		113		2,981	1
21	240	7	237	8	190	11	400	15	367	11	349	13	388	19	3,576	168
22	125	1	94		97		123		131	1	167	1	250		1,419	7
23	155		113		124		128		136		148		210		1,756	
24	17		21		9		17		23		19	1	35		226	1
25	5		1		1		1		3		6		4		36	1
26	1		6		4		9		5		3		7		64	
27 28 29															4 23 4,625	3 187
			1 76	1 2	1 70				1 325	6	3 335	1 6	2 663	7		
	119	3				1	203	1								
30 31 32 33 34	1								1	1	1		1		12 2 4 1 56	1 1 1 1
																
	1						1					1 1				
																
			19		25								10			
35 36															2 5,905	31
	518	1	503	3	396	2	522	3	587	3	650	2	576	4		
37	358	1	257	1	332	3	358	1	310	3	435	4	597	4	4,215	41
38	42	4	16	6	15	3	12	5	19	4	49	6	73	5	837	120
39 40	4 7	1							1 10	1			1 13		10 104	2
			8		1		6				14					
41 42	5 29					2 31			1 25	1 44	7 28	1 41	16 47	38	105 392	18 392
		20	20	36	21		29	36								
43	73	3	61	4	57	4	96	3	79	4	73	4	95	6	870	41
44 45			1 46				6 69								7 713	1
	36				41				97		109		191			
46 47							2 1		1 3				1 21		6 141	
	12		6		2						14					
48							3						1		9 132,075	6,120
																
	8,741	363	7,879	444	7,242	374	9,354 i	403	9,992	380	11,772	434	15,257	491		
 
680
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY  OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CVI.—CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
Y					1804.				NOVE] 57,4 Cases. 10,353 1 15 248 7 5 10 11 4 200 4	1BBR. 21. Deaths. 401 3 1 3 10 1
										
	July.		August.		September.		Octo	11KR. 32.		
										
	50,906.		50,750.		48,960.		53, C			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		
	13,482 7 15 383 1 18 5 2 10 127 5 31 13 5 1 120 3 77 3 18 2 15 18	811 6 3 l' 13 4 3 4 9 1	13,860 9 31 323 4 17 4 3 5 114 12 45 7 3 1 159 5 68 10 19 6 41 35	770 5 3 8 2 3 5	13,007 6 43 228 3 6 2 1 5 147 5 16	689 4 2	11,136 2 22 231	566 1 1		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
										
										
										
						2 2	14 3 1	9 2 1		
										
										
										
						2 2 1	123 3 2	1		
										
										
									o 5 1 92 1 17 5 24 5 10 3 1 3 6 1 1	1
Order 11.—Diseases of Eye.					5		1 2 154 1 32 7 14 16 30 14			
										
					126 7 56 3 23 5 25 10					
										
										
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
										
										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	12 8 4	2 10 3	5 2 1 6 1	2 6 2 2	18 8 4 4 1	7 4 3 2	15 13 2 3	3 6 1 2		2
										4
										
										
										1
	1 2 4 5 14 323 62 4 10 119 294 112 3 17 211 635 34 3 54 147									
		1 1 8 1 2 1 3 107 7 10 1	12 6 20 18 293 58 9 6 51 188 113 8 4 319 578 44	2 5 4 1 1 1 74 o 3 2 1	17 6 1 29 314 55 8 2 98 160 125 15 1 224 424 21		14 9		4 5 1 26 475 146 1 1 117 435 177 11 28 204 389 7	1 1 9 1 2 3 92 8 1
										
										
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.						1 3 5 55 2 1 2 2 1	34 414 104 6 15 161 224 132 18 10 152 415 13	1 6 8 2 67 4 3 1 1 1 12 1		
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............................................										
										
										
										
		14 1	69 87 6 o 10 62 2	6 1	28 54 1 1 7 60	14	38 48		34 76	8
										
										
98. Diseases of Spleen...........	3 5 71 3	1					1 6 49		2 6 58	
99. Fistula in Ano...............										
100. Hernia............										
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach___										
Carried forward............									13,238	1 556
	16,521	1,028	16,761	911	15,415	806	13,704	700		
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, 1865.
681
TABLE CVI.—CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
	1864	ER.	18G5. -.......- -													
DECEMB 54,734			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
			55,463.		56, 359.		58,703.		61,203. 1		62,873.		79, 909.		57,543.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
																
	8,741	363	7,879	444	7,242	374	9,354	403	9,992	380	11,772	434	15,257	491	132, 075	6,126
49	3	3	3	4	1	1	4	3	6	5	3	5	3	5	48	44
W	39	3	19	o	23	1	32	5	25	4	18	3	41	1	323	30
fil	228	..	215		230		219		284		363		468		3,420	
5?	2		3	1	2		3		4		3		3		35	3
53	5	4	3	3	4	9	4	6	1	8	2	6	8	11	87	80
54	9	5	3	3		1	1	2	12	4	1	3	2	4	52	42
55	7 2		2	1			2	7		1		6	2	2	31	24
			1		4		5		22		6	1	15	1	79	5
57	162		141		166	1	162		238		156		167	1	1,903	2
58	11	2	5	4	19	1	5	1	6	1	1		3	1	79	19
59 60							1	1 1	1 44	12	11 3	2	21 13	4 1	128 92	23 19
	5		1	1	4	1										
61	1		1		1		1		2		6		6		37	
62 63			2 88						1 196		3 197		2 183		13 1,609	
	98				69		127									
64	4		4		7		3		12		5		13		65	
fio	23		12		19		39		68		75		122		608	
06 67			2 16		2 16		5 13		5 17				6 22		48 203	
	9										12					
68	5		2		3		3		3		5		11		66	
C9	14		4		9		18		16		18		17		217	
70 71 72	7		3				3 1 8	2	1 3 8	2	1 1 17	5	3 2 13	1 2	98 8 119	1 40
																
	9	5	5	4	6	4										
73	7	5	3	5	3	1	4	I	4	8	6	6	17	11	81	67
74	2 2	1 1	4 1 1 6	1			4 1	3	I	4 2	2 3	4 1	6 3	6 4	27 29	28 18
						1										
76 77 78						1	1	3	1		3	2 1	2	1	10 2 112	8 1 1
																
	6				9		6		. 10		11		15	1		
79	11		8		3		2		4		4		5		67	
80 81	1 6	1	2 16	2 3			1 10	1	1 18	1	26	2 1	1 19	1	33 230	11 9
					14	1										
82	902	8	958	21	734	15	655	15	524	3	382	2	381	4	6,355	97
83	62	6	48	9	63	7	94	6	29	6	42	8	93	3	856	62
84	7	1	7		2	3	9	3	2	1	9	2	9	3	73	23
£5	5		5		9		3		7		4		12		72	2
80	282	1	119	2	110	1	46	2	49	1	90	1	50		1,292	17
87	445	151	702	292	686	211	548	208	454	147	251	138	282	100	4,669	1,642
88	207	11	241	7	239	8	190	10	217	3	136	5	213	6	2,102	73
89	11	3	16	3	23	2	8	1	8	6	19	1	13	1	i 153	24
90	96	1	51	8	23	7	16	2	5		9	2	22	2	282	38
91	209		185		173	1	179		229		213		343		2,641	3
92	351		269		282		325		506		527		669		5,370	2
93	11		9		1		6		42	2	33		149	3	370	7
94 95	1 33	4	2 36								3 45				9 498	1 96
				3	38	4	30	o	27	11		5	66	13		
96	55		30		52		51		73		64		114		851	3
97 98 99													1 3 13		8 19 90	1
						1			1 4		6 9					
	8		11		9		2									
100	62		59		56		60		50		52		71		710	........1
101 1—	1 12,167		5		2				2		4				19	1
																
		579	11,208	826	10,353	657	12,264	688	13, 235	612	14,632	646	18,975	684	168,473	8,693
86 
682
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF COLORED  TROOPS
TABLE CVI.—CENTRAL REGION-Concluded
					1S(	1,				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVEJ	——---
										IUFH.
	50,906.		50,750.		48,960.		53,232.		----	
									57,421.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. |	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 13,704 4 218 43 16 6 23 12 117 81 11 13	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. KG 0 1 4 4 1 1 1
	16,521 7 131 16 20 3 29 6 151 81 2 11 1 17 2 13 14 4 16 2 3 2	1,028 1 10 2 3 4 2 2 1	16,761 5 190 31 25 4 42 17 228 78 5 11 2 13 1 11 33 9 12 5 1 3 6 17 3 1 3 1 81 140 3 23 101 11 56 1 132 3 4	911 2 1 2 9 1 3 2 3 1 3	15,415 3 72 16 33	806 o 6		700 1 4 3 1 1	13,238 1 241 45 11 3 30 17 108 75 15 9 1 8 1 3 34 8 14 5 6 1 3 8 1 8 4	
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
										
										
										
										
					26 12 175 92 16 10 3 11	1 2 4				
										
										
110. Piles...............................................										
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
113. Diabetes............................................										
						1	3	2		
										
					10 24 16 9 10 3	2	11 28 10 13 4 11 1	1		
										
										
										
										
										
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
123. Caries..............................................					8 14 2 2 7	1				
	14 3 2 3 4 64 139 16 12 98 8 02 2	1 1 9					10 1			
										
										
						1	1			
										
ORDER IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System				1 1 2 5 1	62 112 10 11 52 3 48		50 84 2 13 53 14 78 1	1	62 119 1 12 50 27 101	2 1 2
130. Boils.................................										
										
132. Whitlow................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER 1.—Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns..........:..........................										
										
										
137. Drowning...........................................					98 1 3	1				
	128 2 3 2 138 46 27 26 3 25						126 2 4 2 123 56 16 .14 1 4		163	
										
								4 12 1 1	10 2 69 50 20 22 1 11	12 I
										
		19 1	73 42 17 22	22	46 33 12 16	16				
										
										
										
										
			4	1	68					
148. Order II.—Homicide.................										
										
150. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence___				1		5				
								732	14,623	590
Total.................	17,879	1,084 1	18,231	972	16,569	848	14,984			
1. .............										
 
DURING. THE YEAR  ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
683
TABLE CVI.—CENTRAL REGION-Concluded.
	1864								1805.							
1	)ECEMPI 54,734.	R.	January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			55,463.		56,359.		58,700.		61,203.		62,873.		79, 909.		57,543.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases,	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
																
	12,167	579	11,208	826	10,353	657	12, 264	688	13,235	612	14, 632	646	18,975	684	168,473	8,693
	1 264		0		I		2				17	1	4	5	46	12
102 103			189		173	.......	165		208		163		132	1	2,146	3
104	17		29	3	16	4	4	3	9	3	15	2	19	4	260	31
105	10	3	17	2	10 !	6	36	9	5	2	34	5	39	11	256	73
106	2		3	1	6	3	1	2	3	1	9	2	6	4	46	17
107	32	1	31	2	18		18	3	57	2	43	3	38	1	387	18
108	12	4	7	1	11	2	33	4	11	2	23	1	23	1	190	22
109	69	2	64	2	59	2	89	1	96	2	77	2	146	2	1,399	26
110	81	1	49		33		63		41		77		115		866	4
HI	2	1	11		5		5		21		17		44		154	1
112	22		9		10		9		17		15		17		153	
113 114			1 12	2	1 8	8	2 11		3 5	1 4	3 14	1 4	6 16	1	23 129	2 32
	11	5														
115 116	1 16		1										1		7	
			6		5		2		4		11		9		101	1
117	23		16	1	23		19	1	20	2	32	1	31	1	297	7
118	8		8		12	1	13		7		12	1	13	1	120	6
119	16		15		11		20		8		13		17		164	
120	4	1	2		2		2		1		4		2		43	1
121 122	4 4		7 I	2			4 2		7 1		4 1	1	6 4		56 22	3
					2											
123 124	4 17		2 12		3 11				2 8		1 8	1	5 27	1	34 149	2 2
							3									
125 126	1 1				2 3				3 2				3 4		19 26	1
			1				1				1					
127 19P	3 2		3	1	3				3 1		2		3		35 8	2
																
129	48	1	41	1	48	1	70		56	1	53	2	81		716	9
130	75		80		80		55		95		95		149		1,223	
131	3		8		1		4		6		6		5		65	
132	13		17		17		25		11		16		33		203	
133	51		53	1	66		83		74		99		82		862	2
134	34		55		41		22		20		17		14		266<	
135	99	1	103	1	84		117		105	1	112		118	1	1,083	6
136	1	1					2	1	1	2	3		5	1	21	8
137		1		2		1		1		4		8		9		43
																
138	166		171		147		163		174		170		202		1,840	
139	2		4		5		5		4		5		12		45	I
140	3	1	3	4	4		6	1	6		2		! 8		56	6
141 142	1 246	52	. 1 47								3 41	1 27	30	2 14	11 1,262	7 299
				33	48	20	87	15	334	52						
143	48		60		56		52		53		60		74		635	
144	34	1	24		14		19	1	27	1	34		21	3	265	6
145	24		24		19		16	1	24		23		32		262	2
146	3	1	2		14		2		1		5		6	1	38	3
147	163	4	260	5	94	6	18		9	2	10	2	15	4	681	25
148 149 150		1								1						3
																
	13,828	1 662										13				20
			12,659	895	11,518	711	13,520	731	14,778	695	15, 982	724	20,592	755	185,163	9,399
 
684
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED  TROOPS
           TABLE CVII.
Abstract of the Sickness  and Mortality
	1864. '									
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVEMBF.lt. 89, y:ia	
										
	76,013.		76,225.		74,391.		84,444.			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Doothi. 74 1 23 31 5 1 20 18 141 22 40 11 30 41
CLASS 1. ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases. ]. Typhoid Fever....................................	236 6 532 17 1.769 2,295 1,827 224 138 6,527 600 1,326 116 35 162 365	162 15 79 74 4 4 2 43 93 109 102 25 5 36 35	212 3 558 3 1,803 2,248 1,972 224 161 6,386 753 1,331 154 17 53 186	112 11 86 66 3 3 3 38 89 181 92 22 1 28 30	220 3 359 6 1,660 2,997 2,104 280 113 4,314 767 1,202 192 20 42 249	101 5 58 2 45 3 1 40 75 216 88 24 1 14 20	164 10 325 28 1,478 3,339 2,283 126 111 3,459 478 1,078 149 26 116 352 1 18 703 167 521 133 186 25 3 16	103 56 13 38 1 1 37 57 194 69 32 3 21 26	121 1 152 4 970 2,492 2,081 139 57 3,238 491 703 93 62 91 103,	
										
										
										
6. Quotidian Intermittent Fever........................										
										
										
										
										
12. Acute Dysentery........................:...........										
										
										
										
										
18. Diphtheria..........................................	47 286 125 514 137 189 23 5 1 4	1 23 1	21 260 253 590 158 245 22 8 7	2 1 1 23 1	21 200 189 422 130 203 26 4 10	4 3 29 2		3 21 2 1	22 730 584 502 161 197 20 5 5	2 14 1
19. Mumps.............................................										
										
										
ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis............................................										
										
										
										
										
										
		1 17	2 778 5	42	3 1,104	71	5 455 I 2	26 1	10 255 1	7
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................	529 1									
30. Purpura............................................										
										
			1		1 1					
										
			2 2 518 502 182							
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.	2 624 373 239 3 12 30 48 102 1 43	7 12 21								
				2 7 18	585 354 103 2 6 16 51 107	3 2 18	635 489 104	1 5 18	823 686 81 2 12 5 60 89	4 3 14 2 48 2
										
										
										
40. T umors.............................................		4 43 2 1	12 33 46 102	6 34 6		2 45 2	7 16 54 76	4 46 5		
										
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.										
43. Scrofula............................................										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch.............................			39 1 18		28 2 39 5		69		84	
										
47. Other Intestinal Worms..............	20						10		6	
48. Other Diseases of this Order........										
Carried forward..............									15,138	555
	19, 533	981	19,871	908	18,140	874	17,218	784		
1 ...........										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
685
               TABLE CVII.



of Colored Troops in the United States  Army.
	1864								1865.							
December.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
88,336		Deaths.	92, 590.		89, 965.		93,685.		100,807.		98, 316.		105,009.		89,143.	
—	Cases.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths,
																
1	105	87	110	106	60	95	116	62	73	88	121	92	134	107	1,692	1,189
2 3	5 129	2 20	6						3	2	4	2	5	3	46	41
			152	16	111	16	135	11	151	39	248	56	279	31	3,131	491
4 5															58 14,4U8	15 421
	891	12	764	12	607	10	810	11	966	25	1,294	43	1,486	54		
6	1,670	1	1,776	1	1,418	2	1,754		1,639	1	2,017	2	1,951	3	25,796	26
7	1 505	3	1,721	2	1,064	1	1,086	1	1,339	3	1,260		1,413	4	19, 655	23
8	123		97		100		82		137	1	174		97		1,803	7
9	45	11	41	20	61	15	32	12	28	16	60	26	62	27	929	305
10	3,225	25	4,221	28	2,609	23	3,579	32	4,065	37	6,056	72	6,907	59	54,586	608
11	380	138	331	130	304	139	347	128	349	93	557	120	548	139	5,905	1,788
12	668	33	887	26	621	18	790	19	1,017	23	1,240	36	1,376	56	12,239	584
13	86	27	50	21	70	11	59	8	47	10	88	17	142	18	1,246	255
14	104	20	69	24	53	16	58	26	87	17	71	21	64	16	666	161
15	121	44	255	126	300	144	254	144	250	85	204	64	100	39	1,948	775
16	212	17	148	15	116	8	256	9	203	28	313	41	268	64	2,831	334
17 18	1 34				20 20	2 2	16 21	4	24 ' 5	1	53 15	2	3 4		118 315	2 33
		6	87	6												
19	503		339		454		496		403		346		260	1	4,980	5
20	475		567		790		587		301		227		136		4,401	1
21	414	10	391	17	335	16	574	65	633	13	651	28	730	24	6,277	283
22	197	1	145		145	2	191	1	204	1	276	1	318		2,195	12
23	203		165		169		157		201		265		289		2,469	
24	29		28		18		30		37		33	1	37		328	2
25	6		4		4		2		3		6		5		55	1
26	1		10		7		9		16		6		12		100	
27 28 29									3 2 426						7 33 5,440	3 190
			1 122	1 2	1 134					6	7 447	1 6	2 769	7		
	143	3				1	273	2								
30 31 32 33 34	1				1		1	1	1	1	1		1	1	14 2 4 1 56	2 2 1 1
																
	1						1					1 1				
																
			19		25								10			
35 36															4 9,049	42
	816	2	935	3	774	4	837	5	808	3	941	3	753	5		
37	690	1	617	1	616	' 3	674	2	554	9	623	5	726	5	7,104	55
38	49	4	22	6	27	3	19	6	31	5	77	9	80	6	1,014	128
39 40	4 11	1					1 21		3 10	1	1 27		1 20		17 152	"
			10		4											
41	5		1	2	2	2		1	1	1	7	2	16		132	26
42	40	30	37	59	44	50	52	67	42	79	72	73	62	65	608	639
43	94	4	78	4	70	5	122	4	132	4	148	4	113	8	1,233	50
44 45			1 105				6 124			1					8 1,456	2
	71				97				228		282		286			
46 47					1 3		2 3		1 10				1 33		8 182	
	17		6								17					
48							3						1		9	
																
	13,279	502	14,318	628	11,275	588	13, 580 i	621	14, 493	593	18,455	729	19,500	742	194,800	8,505
 
686
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF  COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CVIL—UNITED STATES ARMY—Coutinued.
					18(	;-i.				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVE	---
										IlIEIt.
	76,013.		76,225.		74,391.		84,444.			—--
									89,938.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 784 4 1 12 2 1 2	Cases. I)c:itiis.	
	19,533 7 25 626 5 20 5 3 18 174 7 104 13 9 1 185 5 134 3 19 4 16 23	981 6 3 1 16 4 3 4 11 1	19,871 10 45 554 9 17 4 3 23 161 16 70 11 6 1 221 5 139 10 27 7 ?9 38	908 6 3 1 10 3 3 8 1 1 2 7 2 3	18,140 9 64 534 13 6 4 2 6 189 6 21 1 5 2 193 9 128 3 23 9 33 15	874 7 2 2 2 2 3 2 2	17,218 5 43 52T 6 14 3 2 9 192 5 2		15,138 3 35 479 8 5 10 11 6 261 4	555 0 3 2 4 11 1 2
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
									3 5 1 161 2 51 10 29 8 15 3 1 11 7 1 2	2 3 4 2 1 1
ORDER II.—Diseases of Eye.							1 4 240 1 90 7 16 18 38 19			
										
										
										
										
										
Order III.—Diseases of Ear.										
										
										
										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	15 9 4	2 11 3 1	19 10 1 7 1		24 9 4 5 1	8 5 5 3	27 16 2 3	5 8 1 2		
										
										
										
										
	1 8 7 5 20 540 72 6 10 121 360 167 4 33 388 840 94 3 67 169									
		1 1 8 4 2 1 3 136 10 10 1 16 1	.. 16 11 20 22 426 68 9 7 56 233 155 8 16 540 787 78 3 81 152 6 2 13 85 3	2 7 5 1 1 1 103 4 ■ 3 2 1	22 16 2 34 445 67 9 4 108 192 165 20 8 379 595 40	1 1 4 6 1 68 5 1 2 2 1	16 15 1 51 682 130 6 15 177 330 194 20 12 287 610 35 1 45 105	I 1 6 8 2 87 6 3 2 1 1 2 15 1	8 7 2 55 833 196 2 1 124 594 264 12 35 290 550 9	3 1 14 3 2 3 125 9 1 3
										
										
ORDER V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............................................										
										
										
										
				7 1	42 71 1 1 12 101	15			43 126	9
										
										
98. Diseases of Spleen...................	5 7 112 10	1					1 12 79 1	.......	2 8 94	
99. Fistula in Ano....................										
100. Hernia............										
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach......										
Carried forward...............	24,016	1,242	24,132	1,096	21,792	1,024	21,329	958	19,525	770 '
										
 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE 30, 1865.
687
TABLE CVIL—UNITED STATES ARMY—Continued.
1864 DECEMB 88,336		HR. Deaths.							1805.							
			January.		February.		March.		April.		MAY.		June.		TOTAL.	
			92,590.		89,965.		93, 685.		100,807.		98,316.		105,009.		89,143.	
	Cases.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			-----------------------------------■													
	13,279	502	14,318	628	11,275	588	13,580	621	14,493	593	18,455	729	19,500	742	194,800	8,505
49 50	4	4	7	11	4	3	10	10	9	7	5	10	4	6	77	60
	67	.6	36	3	46	1	51	7	42	4	40	3	55	2	549	38
51 52 53 54 55 56	477		540		417		417		443		642		755		6,407	
	8		7	1	3		8		5		12		3		87	5
	6	5	7	4	5	11	4	9	3	13	8	9	12	14	107	109
	9	5	4	3	1	2	1	2	12	4	1	3	2	5	56	46
	9		5	1		1	3	8		1		6	3	2	41	26
	4		3		4		5		30		12	1	15	1	135	5
	250		298		276	1	239		313		246		218	1	2,817	2
58 59 60	13	2	8	4	20	1	8	1	8	2	5		7	2	107	23
							6 7	2 2	5 44	12	12 4	3 2	32 13	6 1	252 107	32 25
	6	1	1	1	4	1										
61	1		1		2		4		3		9		6	1	52	
			o		1		2		1		5		2		22	
63	162		150		134		195		263		275		233		2,412	
64 G5	6		5		8		10		15		9		13		88	
	40		21		41		55		96		90		154	........	1,039	
C6	4		2		6		6		5		3		7		66	1
67	14		21		18		14		21		12		24		238	
68	9		10		13		6		o		12		19		120	
69	28		13		16		23		18		?4		29		312	
70	7		4		2		3		1		1		3		119	
71							1 17	8	3 13	11	2 22	9	3 15	1 4	10 214	2 71
	18	6	20	7	13	6										
73	9	5	7	8	14	2	10	2	5	10	10	7	20	13	126	82
74	2	1	1	1		9	5	6	1	6	3	4	8	7	32	40
75	2	3	6	4	2	2	3	2	1	3	4	2	4	5	39	31
76		1	1		1	2	6	5	1		3	4	2	2	16	15
77 78			1 17								2 24	1			4 196	1 1
	9				16		19		17				24	1		
79	16		12		6		6		6		7		13		122	
60	1	1	2	2		1	1	2	1	2	1	3	2	2	38	21
81	23		34	3	44	2	18		23		41	1	36	1	401	10
82	1,411	8	1,796	24	1,386	18	1,138	18	822	6	695	4	496	4	10, 670	118
83	99	9	104	12	121	10	141	8	65	8	85	9	122	5	1,270	85
84	7	1	7		2	3	10	3	o	3	9	4	9	3	78	28
f't	8	1	9		6		5		8		6		13		92	3
m	324	2	151	2	157	1	69	2	63	1	96	1	53		1,499	19
87	639	209	979	400	943	351	704	300	598	215	357	180	336	127	6,265	2,301
88	343	14	418	10	376	12	397	12	317	4	259	11	250	6	3,305	103
89	21	4	23	5	32	4	13	2	9	7	27	1	16	2	205	33
90	101	3	81	14	41	10	25	3	13	6	18	3	22	5	405	63
91	335				280	2	306		408		377		483		4,428	4
92	551	1	636		491		530		661		739		913		7,903	3
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100	23 1 56 84	1 7 1	15 2 128 87		3		9		44	. 2	46 4 62 120		163	5	559 14 783 1,391 8 23 132 1,115	10 3 128 5 1 1
				3	92 88	4 1	50 104	5	35 137	13		16	82 148 1 3 13 94	18 1		
					1 11 83	1	1 7 100		1 5 70		6 15 114					
	14 90		15 93													
101	2		5		4	1	1		2		5		1		34	"
	18,592	803	20,468	1,151	16,509	1,044	18,353	1,040	19,166	933	23,051	1,026	24,454	994	251,387	12,081
 
688
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  COLORED  TROOPS
TABLE  CVIL—UNITED STATES ARMY-Concluded.
Year............
Month...........
Mean Strength .
LIST OF DISEASES.
               Brought forward......................

 Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.

102. Haemorrhage from Bowels.........................
103. Inflammation of Tonsils...........................
104. Inflammation of Stomach..........................
105. Inflammation of Bowels...........................
106. Inflammation of Peritonaeum.......................
107. Acute Inflammation of Liver......................
108. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.....................
109. Jaundice.........................................
110. Piles.............................................
111. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
 ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.

112. Stone and Gravel..................................•
113. Diabetes..........................................
114. Bright's Disease...................................
115. Diseases of Prostate...............................
116. Diseases of Testis.................................
117. Inflammation of Kidneys..........................
118. Inflammation of Bladder...........................
119. Incontinence of Urine.............................
120. H ydrocele........................................
121. Other Diseases of this Order.......................
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis..................
123. Caries......................
124. Inflammation of Joints.......
125. Inflammation of Bones.......
126. Inflammation of Periosteum..
127. Necrosis....................
128. Other Diseases of this Order.
1804.
76,013.
Cases.  Deaths
24,016
 14
141
 21
 28
  3
 61
 23
270
132
 10
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System
129. Abscess.......
130. Boils.........
131. Carbuncle___
132. Whitlow......
133. Skin Diseases.
  CLASS V.—WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS,  AND
                   INJURIES.
      ORDER 1.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns...........................................
135. Contusions.......................................
136. Concussion of Brain...............:..............
137. Drowning........................................
138. Sprains..........................................
139. Dislocation......................................
140. Simple Fractures........................ ........
141. Compound Fractures.............................
142. Gunshot Wounds.................................
143. Incised Wounds..................................
144. Lacerated Wounds...............................
145. Punctured Wounds...............................
146. Poisoning-........................................
147. Other Accidents and Injuries......................

143. ORDER II.—Homicide............................
149,

150.
1,242
 76
179
 18
 17
126
160
982
 52
ORDER III.—Suicide..............
ORDER IV.—Execution of Sentence.
August.
76,225.
Cases.  Deaths
24,132
 10
269
 57
 25
  4
 87
 45
403
133
 14
103
192
  4
 31
149
Total..................................I 26,719 j  1,357
1,096
179
  5
  6
  1
320
 57
 32
 32
  1
  4
September.
74,391.
133
Cases.  Deaths.
21,792
3	1
95	
17	3
34	8
26,584   1,275
 45
 18
335
154
 20
1,024
 73
179
 17
 18
101
  7
135
157
  7
  3
996
 57
24,617
21,329
  4
296
 47
 30
  7
 35
 26
250
155
 16
 77
175
  2
 29
 68
 25
155
  5
1,109
178
  4
  7
  9
510
 78
 27
 19
  6
  5
23,760
  i
102
  1
306
 48
 12
  3
 30
 19
314
136
 17
230
239
 B7
 24
 31
  1
 13
1,096
21,814 j  856 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
689
TABLE CVIL—UNITED STATES ARMY—Concluded.
	1864. |		is<;5.													
	DECEMBER.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	88,336,		92,590.		89,965.		93,685.		100, 807.		98, 316.		105,009.		69,143.	
	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases, j Deaths.		Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
							1									
	18,592	803	20,468	1,151	16,509	1,044	18,353	1,040	19,106	933	23,051	1,026	24,454	994	251,367	12,081
102	0		5	2	9		4		3	1	20	1	6	5	81	16
103	369		270		299	1	261		268		275		171	1	3,020	6
104	21		39	4	oo	4	11	4	16	5	24	7	20	9	343	48
105	14	4	31	5	10	6	43	10	12	3	45	10	47	19	331	95
106	4		7	2	7	6	5	5	9	3	14	3	12	11	75	36
107	40	1	36	4	28		29	4	66	2	77	5	56	5	590	29
108	17	4	17	2	13	2	52	4	24	2	35	1	24	o	313	26
109	163	2	162	3	160	3	177	1	155	2	144	4	256	3	■ 2,789	32
110	125	1	121		70		129		99		165	2	174		1,593	6
111	12	2	30		15	1	26		24		60		50	1	294	5
112	28		19		20		13		22		21		23		215	
113 114			2 26	3	5 20	1 8	3 16		4 11	1 6	4 22	1 5	6 21	1	31 248	3 40
	23	5														
115	1		1								2		1		9	
116	16		15		16		6		5		12		12		148	1
117	35		24 ' 1		28		29	2	28	3	42	1	35	1	392	11
118	9		12		20	1	21	1	12		24	1	19	1	173	8
119	20		26		22		30		11		20		31		277	
120	5	1	5		2		3		3		7		4		64	1
121	7	1	8	2	3		5	1	7		9	1	6		74	5
122	4		1		2		4		3		5		4		33	
123	4		5		13		12		4		1	1	6		66	2
124	25		37		25		16		25		27		30	1	286	2
125 126	1 2				2 3				6 2				7 9		27 38	1
			1				3				1					
127 128	3 2		4	1	3				3 7		3		3		40 17	2
																
129	67	1	64	1	71	1	97	1	90	2	91	2	106		1,013	11
130	138		151		138		114		166		192		205		2,016	
131	11		8		4		4		8		8		6		94	
132	21		25		47		39		23		40		35		349	
133	88		110	1	111	1	114		147		171		110		1,417	3
134	45		78		54	1	41		35		24		20		399	2
135	159	1	214	1	145		144		153	1	169	2	154	1	1,744	9
136	1	2	2	1	1		2	1	1	3	3		6	1	31	13
137				2		1		1				8		15		75
138	232		272		207		236		238		264		254		2,607	
139	5		4		12		8		6		13		13		79	1
140	7	7	5	4	8		6	1	8		4		9		80	12
141 142	5 548	1 91	1 98	2 48			1 113	1 31			3 54	1 36	40	2 18	24 4,527	11 719
					210	31			417	73						
143	68	1	83		84		75		67		75		96		879	2
144	42	1	32	1	19		26	1	34	1	44		23	3	427	7
145	32		29		25		23	1	37		35		39		362	2
14fj	3	1	2		19		3		3	1	5		6	1	53	6
147	323	4	721	12	252	8	02	4	96	3	13	2	15	7	1,607	50
148 149 150		1				1				2		1		1		8
																
	21,339	2 939										14		1		24
																
			23,271	1,253	18,733	1,121	20,359	1,114	21,524	1,052	25,318	1,135	26,624	1,104	280,662	13,411
87 
 
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.           691
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF COLORED TROOPS  DURING THE FISCAL
                     YEAR FOLLOWING THE WAR,

                 (From July 1, 1865, to June 30, 1866.)
   As in the case of the white troops, it has been thought advisable to present a synopsis
of the sickness  and  mortality of the colored troops during the year following  the war:
This is done in three tables, as follows:

   1. The Atlantic Region.......Table  CVIII.
   2. The Central  Region     -......Table   CIX.
   3. Consolidated table for the United States   -                 Table    CX.

To these has been added—

   A General Summary.......Table   CXI,

which completes the  tables on the sickness and mortality of colored troops. 
692
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED  TROOPS
           TABLE CYIII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
					IS	>5.				
									NoVHJIllKli.	
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
.										
	22, 584.		21,	547.	16,883.		12,735.		TT~	------1
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	discs.	Deaths. 7
CLASS 1. ZYMOTIC DISEASES. ORDER I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	88	31 1 28	27	15	26 4 329	23 2 18	24	20	9	
										
	67		219	27			135	36	34	7
										
	438 533 425 22 9 1,023 45 209 25 4 21 65	9 1 1 10 45 17 6 12	429 632 401 43 8 696 36 165 11 2 6 23	20 1 1 4 2 14 5 2 1 4 .1	463 756 392 84 32 369 45 81 5 4 6 4	16 4 1 3 7 15 4 1 2	291 430 619 89 23 174 41 49 5 1 27	11 1 13 2 16 4 6 8	92 355 347 58 12 204 6 73 4 2 17 1	5 1 1 19 n 3 6
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
18. Diphtheria..........................................	1 91 7 259 100 141 9 4 1	8	7 107 17 219 87 153 10 3	2 3	14 115 11 88 94 136 12 2	1 6	2 88 19 162 71 82 23 1	5	2 31 70 66 76 9	1
										
										
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis............................................										
										
										
										
										
										
28. Other Diseases of this Order.........................	3 75	1	7 22						1 49 1	1
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................				2	33		6			
										
										
										
										
										
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	122 54 25	1 2 1	92 31 8		67 20 4		29 26 9 1 6	1 1 1 1	43 46 2 2	1
										
										
										
40. Tumors.............................................	2		3		3					
										
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.	11 22	17 1	11 20	11 1	10 25	10	9 10	10 1	6 8	5 1
43. Scrofula.........................................										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch...............................	60		45		45		28		65	
										
47. Other Intestinal "Worms..............	3		3		3		1		1	
										
Carried forward..............										02
	3,964	192	3,543	116	3,232	113	2,481	137	1,787	
---------										i
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1866.
693
             TABLE CVIII.
of Colored Troops in the Atlantic Region.
	1865		18GG.													
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May. I June.				Total.	
9,265.			6,251.		4,907.		5,371.		4,522.		2, 376.		2,061.		10, 055.	
—	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
																
1		1	1	2	1		1	o	1				1		179 4	101 3
																
3 4 5	6	1	4		1		5		1	1					801	118
																
	55		37	2	17		16		7		1		5		1,851	63
6	226		91		29		34		25		6		9		3,126	5
7	233		71		75		53		18		24		6		2,664	4
8 9 10			1				9		9				56		372	1
	• 96	1			1 77		1 101	1							86 3,030	25 22
			107						108		36		39			
11	6	2	14	3	13	1	6	3	3	2	2		4	2	221	122
12	15		16	2	13		12		10		4		4		651	34
13 14 15	1		3				2		1				o		59	18
	3						3		2						21	1
	85	27	43	23	68	24	44	24	36	10	3	8	5		361	148
16			2		1										90	1
17 18 19	1														30	3
	37		8		2		7		4		1		2		537	
20 21					27		33		12		3				221	
	10	1	11		7		7		8		3		7		851	24
22	74		83		53		88		28		10		17		791	
23	94		66		39		38		19		8		16		868	
24	7		3		3		6		1		1		3		87	
25 26 27 28 29			1				1 4		1						13 9	
	1				1								2			
																
	9 23				1 2		9 2				3 1		1 4		34 244	5
			23	1					4							
30 31 32 33 34															1 3 4	
			1	........! '			1									
									3				1			
																
																
35 36																
	29		29		' 19		19		11		6		6		472	2
37	24		8	i	12		24		21	1	4		14		284	5
38 39 40 41 42			5					1					1		54 1 17	4 1
																
				i					1							
																
	4	4	3	5	5	1		3	1	1		1		1	60	69
4?	1		3	1	3		3		2			1			97	6
44 45	1 28	1													1 459	1
			29		< 33		53		38		17		18			
46 47 48					1											
				1											11	
																
	1,105	38													18,671	786
			696	40	j 504 1	26	575	34	375	15	133	10	226	3		
 
694
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CVIII.—ATLANTIC REGION—Continued.
					18G5.					
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		NOVK	
										MBKR.
	22,584.		21,	547.	16,883.		12,735			
									12,168.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 1,767 1 2 66	Deaths. C2
	3,964 1 4 257 1 2 22	192 1 3 7 1	3,543 2 135 2 2 12 1 10 18 1 15	116 1	3,282 1 2 116	113 1 1	2,481 1 2 59	137 1		
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. ORDER I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										
										
										
										
				o	1 1	1 3			1 1	1
										
										
										
	19 1 25	3 4		2 1	20 1 7	1 2 1	31 1		28	
										
										
										
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.	1								1	
							9 1 23			
	19		31 1 21		14 1 20 1 6				6 1 27	
										
	12									
										
Order 111.—Diseases of Ear.	3 1 2		1				3 1 3		1	
										
			11		5				o	
										
ORDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	7 3	3	4 2 1	1 1	3 2 2	1 1	3 3 1	1	4 4 1 2	
										
										
	1	2								
										
										
	2 3		4 1		3 1		1 3 2 3 58 1		4	
										
								1 1 1		
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.	6 89 43	1	4 105 5	2	3 34 2	1 1			7 83 8 1	1
										
										
			2 8 33 26 3				2 3 50 9 1 3 33 35 4			
	1 45 33 6	14 4 1		12 1 1	18 24 22 2	11		2 2 3	6 47 17 2	16
										
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic...............................................	102 159 21	2	69 121 9	1 2	44 64 15 2 2 19				25 41 1	
										
										
										
	9 14	1	6 4	3			2 8	1	5 7	1
										
										
98. Diseases of Spleen...............	1						1			
99. Fistula in Ano..........			1 9						2 6	
100. Hernia........	19 1	1			3		6 1			
101. Hajmorrhage from Stomach......										
Carried forward........				148					2,197	ei
	4,899	240	4,225		3,743	138	2,850	150		
										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30, 1866.                     695
TABLE CVIII.—ATLANTIC REGION-Continaed.
1865.			18GG.													
DECEMBER. 9,265.			January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
			6,251.		4, 907.		5, 371.		4, 522.		2,376.		2, 061.		10,055.	
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 78 79 8(J 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	1,105 1 20	38 1 1	696	40	504	26	575	34	375	15	133	10	226 1	3	18,671. 6 15 808 5 7 36 1 10 153 4 48 2 3 2 130 4 110 3 20 3 36	786 4 3 10 11 1 1 7 6
							1 33 1		2 21							
			53 1		24						13		11			
				1		1			1	1				1		
																
																
																
	10		11		7		2		3		1		3			
													1			
																
	1															
																
	4		15		5		10		9		7		1			
	3		2				1 1 2		1 1							
																
	3										1					
					1 3											
	2		2				3		2				1			
																
																
		1 1	2		1								2	2	26 14 6 4	8 3 5
																
			1 1													
																
																
																
			3						1						18 8 3 29 550 80 1 4 45 271 179 14 31 327 635 56 2 25 78	1 1 4 2 1 1 79 8 5 1 4 8
																
									1							
	1 58 2		2 35 12				3 21 7									
					33				22		5		7			
																
																
	3 12 16	1 4	5 20 19										1 6 2			
				7 1	14 12	5	11 12	6	6 8	2	3 3					
	2 7 35 o				13 6 36		6 8 51		5 6 31		2 3 11 1					
		f	19 38 1										5 13 2			
																
	1	1							1 7	1						
			2		2		9				3		2			
															2 4 59 3	1
			1 3													
	4				3 1		5		1							
																
	1,292					........1"										
		48	944 1	49	665	32	762	40	504	19	188	10	284	6	22,551	961 1
 
696
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CVIII.—ATLANTIC REGION-Concluded.
					1S(	5.				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.		Novei	
										IBEK.
	22,584.		21,547.		10,883.		12,735.			—--
									12,168.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 2,197 o 15 6 8	Deaths. Bl 1 I
	< 4,899 1 19 6 10 1 22 11 106 25 6 1	240 1 3 2 2	4,225 5 31 7 1 1 16 6 61 22 2 2	148 1 2	3,743 1 49 3 7	138 1 1 1	2,850 5 12 1 3 2 5 2 41 11 1 V I	150 1 1 1		
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
										
										
										
										
				1 1	15 8 45 16 3 3 1 1	1			2 1 21 12 1 3	1 1
										
										
										
										
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
										
	2	1	2	2		1	3	1	1	1
										
										
	7 4 5 1 1	1	8 3 2 1		6 2 2	1	4 2 4		2 1 5	
										
										
										
							1 1 I 3			
Order V11I.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.			1		2					
										
	3		4		1				2	
										
	1 1								2 2	
		1			2		1			
				1						
ORDER 1X.—Diseases of Integumentary System	26 60 1 6 28 1 26 1		21 62 4 5 49 5 12		12 50 2 3 23 2 13	1	14 33 2 4 7 1 6		12 16 1 3 9 8 12	1
130. Boils...............................................										
										
132. Whitlow............................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns..............................................										
										
										
						2 1 1 2				
	21 1_______ 1 |........ 1 '........		25 1 1		18 1 1		8		5 2 1 1 5 13	1 3
										
							1			
										
	22 15 7 5	2 1	9 13 3 8	5	10 18 2 5		6 5 2 3	2		
										
										
									3	
										
		1 1	2	2	2			1	0	1
148. Order II.—Homicide.............										
										
										2 | 94
Total....................	"""•"1.......		.......					157	2,376	
	5,353	256	4,620	163	4,072	151	3,046			
L_ ............										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, I860.
697
TABLE CVIII.—ATLANTIC REGION-Concluded.
	-onr-. II I8t)(). lboo. |i															
December. January.					February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
9,265. 6»251-					4,907.		5, 371.		4, 522.		2,376.		2,001.		10, 055.	
102 103 104 105 106 107 WS 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 12C 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150	Cases. 1,292	Deaths. 48	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. Deaths.		Cases. Deaths.	
			944	49	665	32	762	40	504	19	186	10	284	6	22, 551 14 231 26 37 4 66 30 315 106 14 12 2 11	961 1 2 5 7 1 5 1 2 1 1 8
	24 1		20		23 ........ 1		°4 o 5		8		5		1			
					1	1							2			
																
	2 1	;i			i j		3									
													1			
		i	6 6		4 ........ 2 '........		9 2		2 2		2					
	8 ■........!															
													I 1			
			•								1					
			1							1						
	i			2	1											
																
																
			4		1										33 13 20 2 2 4 1 20	1 1
																
	i		1													
																
																
																
																
			3				1		3							
																
					1							1			3 6 11 124 321 15 41 166 38 139 1	I 1 2 1 6 2 1 1
												1				
					5 6 6 1 3 8 7 13		2 5 20		1 4 9				3 4 12 1 3 4			
	9 16		9 22							1	2 15 3 2 2					
	2 6		3 8 7 12				4 12 2 15		3 10 5 6							
	14										4		6			
	13	2								1				1		
			6		13 2		14		5		1		4		133 7 8 1 87 110 30 35	
	1		1				1									
																
	12 11 2 3	4 __	4 9 1 4	1	4 3 7 ]........ 2 ........		9 10 9 3		6 5 1							
											2 1 1		2			
												1				
																
			26	1	2 ........		2								36	5 3
		1														
						........1										
																2 1
	1,438	55	1,097	53	778	36	916	40	574	22	227	10 | 329 l		7	24,826	1,044
 
698               SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF COLORED TROOPS
            TABLE CIX.



Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
	1805. *~									
										
	July.		Aug	UST.	September.		October.		November.	
										
	81,020.		74,1	88.	74, f Cases.	'35. Deaths.	C3,291.			
									53, 8m. Cases. Deaths.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.			Cases.	Deaths.		
CLASS 1. ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	137	71	75 2 252	47 2 38	53 1 173	38	36	30	13	19
										
	367	49				25	112	41	52	12
										
	1,830 2,806 1,990 75 45 5,246 496 1,059 135 51 40 98	49 3 3 1 21 56 116 81 14 3 9 22	1,627 3,226 2,577 123 84 3,554 392 839 87 24 27 26	52 1 2 11 67 109 77 12 3 11 4	1,407 3,853 3 222 132 119 3,274 557 644 176 13 49 13	47 2 24 56 94 64 35 1 10 I	1,040 3,678 3,033 133 112 2,696 263 787 76 14 82 12	33 19 18 94 56 28 25	628 1,716 1,776 83 35 1,470 175 439 65 11 180 10	17 1 13 13 50 36 12 1 44
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
	5 192 42 512 251 264 38 3 9 1 2 1,964 2	2 18 23	19 101 110 437 196 238 44 3 10 4 5 3,2C2 4	1 22	9 58 63 418 213 205 31 2 2	3 25 1	10 83 105 411 243 241 34 2 1	1 16 1	11 14 94 165 229 193 40 6 2	4 1 3
										
										
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis............................................										
										
										
										
										
27. Serpent Bite........................................										
				69 3	3 1,646 5	17 4	1 392 1	10	17 17	
Order III.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................									112	4
										
										
			1		2					
										
					1	2				
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	583 533 97	3 4 2	411 438 78 1 4 1 39 89	5 4 10	402 330 80	1 1 4	310 236 51	1 4 8	270 252	........
										
									17 1	
39. Cancer..............................................										
	7 6 43 96	1 39		1 31 2 1	4 3 29 76	1 30 1	6			
										
ORDER II.—Tubercular Diseases.							15 37	29 1	14 42	28 1
43. Scrofula..........................................										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 45. Itch..................................	123		87		71 1 7		52		76	
46. Tape-worm........................										
47. Other Intestinal "Worms....................	18		10			1	5	6 i		
										
| Carried forward.............							14,322	415	1 8,223	200
	19,168	590	18, 477	585	17,347	488				
1 .......										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE  30,  1866.
699
             TABLE CIX.
of Colored Troops in the Central Region.
1865. DECEMBER.			I860.														
			January. 1		February.		March.		April.			May. June.				Total.	
55,955		Deaths.	47,622.		37,029.		28, 506.		18,088.			13, 343,		10,6	25.	46, 562.	
—	Cases.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
																	
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16	18 50	12 I 10	12	4	3	2 1 5	4	6	2		6	2	1	2	2	357 3 1,082	238 4 193
			35	6	18		17	4	5	2		1			1		
																	
	296 1,324 1,132 26 20 1,675 143 463 32 44 273 9	7 1 4 6 47 28 15 4 145 1	215 783 181 56 31 1,153 137 282 25 61 233 9	6 5 8 29 13 10 7 117	175 576 668 16 1 790 89 213 16 48 267 3	2 4 8 18 9 5 3 109	187 360 380 5 6 531 34 166 7 24 281 5	2 4 1 16 6 1 108	104 180 263 4	3		90 157 227 18 7 273 5 84 1 5 39	2 5 2 11	112 172 288 4 3 305 5 87 3 1 27	2 2 1 2 1 7	7,711 18,831 16, 343 675 463 21,334 2,313 5,154 029 307 1,647 185	222 6 8 1 107 235 584 378 133 24 658 28
										1							
									367 17 91 6 11 129	2 5 4 1 1 62							
17 18 19 20 21	10 84 307 156	6	6 43 171 128	3	5 25 157 65	4	5 36 114 46					4 2 16 32		1		85 652 1,289 2,398	10 2 103
								2	14 29 21								
													1	81 7			
											3						
22 23 24 25 26 27 98	342 267 37		230 224 26 3 3		172 120 20 1	1	148 96 15		102 63 4 1 3			41 50 6 1 1 2 13		29 39 9		2,196 2,000 304 22 37 7 114	3
																	
																	
																	
														6			
																	
	12		15		12		17		5					12			
29 30 31 32 33 34	66	1	22 5	2	38	2	25		14			23	2	17	1	7,551 17	130 8
																	
																	
									1	1						4 1 20	1 3
			1														
	18													1	1		
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48							3 98 88 2									3 2,977 2,486 352 o 63 11 203 484	13 17 31 1 4 236 8 1 1
	326 190 12	1 1	244 187 9 1 4	2	203 132 5	1 3			51 37	1		43 37		30 26 1	1 1		
										2							
																	
	6	1			6		5		5			3		4			
										1 7							
	13 33	14	21 39	24 1	15 34	12	6 24	17 1	2 6			2 2	4 1	4 4	1		
																	
	85		110 1 6		' 82		93		53			15		5		854 2 55 1	
																	
	2 1			........ 1													
																	
																	
	7,474	305	5,332	237	3,976	189	2,828	168	1,590	102		1,202	29	1,285	23	| 101,224	3,391
 
700
SICKNESS AND  MORTALITY OF COLORED  TROOPS
TABLE CIX.—CENTRAL REGION—Coutinued.
					IS	;r>.				
										
	July.		August.		September.		OCTC	BER. 291	—--------------------■-----------------------------------------	
									November. 53,844. 1	
	81,	320.	74,	388.	74, 835.		63,			
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths. 415 4 2 4 1	Cases. Deaths.	
	19,168 1 29 686 4 6 1 1 19 171 9 110 2 16 5 2C0 16 162 10 38 8 40 6	590 2 1 11 4	18,477 2 16 546 5 1	585 3 2 7	' 17,347 5 20 394 7 9	488 3 1 3	14,322 4 9 354 3 0		8,223 1 12 221 1	--—
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										2C0 1 1 1 1 1
										
										
										
										
										
				1 1	1 4 137 3 9 4 6 1 134 7 59 4 18 3 19	1	1 5 162 3			
		9	8 226 3 48 6 22					1	1 133 3	
										
										
59. Sun-stroke..........................................										
						3	2 3 1 119	1		
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.									4 1 83 1 15	
										
			208 10 83							
										
							16			
										
Order 111.— Diseases of Ear.			26 11 39 1				6 5 8		3 2 12	
										
										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	8 11 2 2	6 9 4 2 1	5 4 3 1 1	2 4	8 6	5 2 4 1	3 3 1	4 2 1		
									1 1 2	2
										
					1					
										
									2 5 3 7 11 411 68 1 0	4 2
	13 8 19 42 300 90 11 19 29 180 130 7		11 5		7		4 2	----		
										
				1 2 I 2 50 4 1 2	1 16 282 43 1 1 28 119 110 6 7 314 431 49 3 44 59	2 1 2 1 35 4 3 1				
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.		4 1 1 64 6 2 2 4	25 282 56 5 15 36 143 132 8 1 297 507 61				14 320 59 2 3 45 111 105 9 3 280 375 14	1 1 1 1 1 27 3 1 1 2		
										
										
										
										
									40 ........	
									154 114 4 11 146 260 15 1 23 38	31 3 1
										
										
										2
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic.....................................'.........	445 675 86 10 74 75									........ 1
										
93. Cholera Morbus.....................................										
										
		16	49 84	8		9	23 71	5		
										
										
98. Diseases of Spleen.............			1 18 77		2 10 103 3				1 3 25 1	
	8 79 1						6 59 2	479		
100. Hernia............										
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach.......										
Carried forward..........				676						■-----------------------------
	23,092	739	21, 565		19, 843	569	16,539		10,0t8	
-										\
 
DURING  THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18C6.
701
TABLE CIX.—CENTRAL REGION—Continued.
ison		.	I8(i(>.													
December. 55,955.			January.		FEBRUARY.		March. _		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			47,622.		37,029.		28, 506.		18, C88.		13, 343.		10,825.		46, 562.	
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 G5 G6 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 £5 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	Cases. 7,474	Deaths. 305	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
			5,332 1 5 186 2 2 1	237 1	3,976 2 10 115	189	2,828 1 4 121	168 1 1	1,590	102	1,202 1 3 44 2	29 1	1,285	23	101,224 18 121 3,003 26 22 3 4 43 1,312 26 172 27 54 9 1,129 43 363 19 120 35 155 11	3,391 15 10 1 1 32 a 4 2 2 11 4
	11 213 2 1	1 1 1							2 84							
												1	39			
				3						1			1	1		
						1										
							1			1						
	3 123				1 ........		57 ll				1 24					
			108 1 2 3		88 1				61 1	1			16 1 2	2		
							1				1					
	1 1				9											
									2							
			1 56													
	84				50		51 1 4		24 3 4 1		24 4		34 1 8			
	2 1 12 2 12 2	........	8 1 6 3 10		2											
											2 4					
					5		2 1 4							!		
														. i		
					5				1		2 2		3	........		
																
	5 2 1	2 1 1 1	2 5	1 5	6	1	3 2 2	2 1		1 1				i i	40 34 8 12 2 2 60 20 36 141 3,130 453 21 46 437 1,476 1,178 50 133 1,843 3,379 283 20 234 481	25 28 10 8 2 6 3 20 16 5 1 4 419 34 7 10 3 9 ........1 56
																
																
					1	1				1	1	1	2	2		
			1													
																
	• 17 1 3 9 490 41 1				1		1				1 1					
																
		1 4 1	6 8 500 50	2 4		'										
					5 289 24	6	4 108 17				3 58	1	4 35 2			
								1 1 .	55 3	1 1 1						
					2 97 152 94 5 28 49 201	36 2 1	1 26 108 81 4 10 24 146 8 3 4 18	43 2 2	1 1 23 33 3 14 21 91 10				2 1 11 12	3 1		
	82 265 163 1 35 133 269 6	2 57 6 2	52 199 181 3 20 82 312 3	49 3 1 1												
										19	11 23	5				
											4 ■ 28 64					
													24 48 21 3 1 3	1 ........		
																
	12 33	6	12 43	2	7 29	1		2	3 27	4	2 1	,1				
					2										6 49 416 11	1
	2 29 o	1	1 15						1 2					........		
					20		6 1						1	1		
											1					
	9,552	393	7,225	309	5,276	238	3,653	224	2,061	134	1,524	39	1,560	35	121, 960	4,148
 
702                SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CIX.—CENTRAL REGION-Concluded.
					1S(	>5.				
										
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									November. 53,844.	
	81,020.		74, 388.		74,835,		63, i	91.		
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. ,	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 10,068 2 143 8 6	Deaths. 313 I 1 2 1 I
	23, 092 6 89 16 34 2 46 12 165 120 15 10 3 13	739 4 4 5 3 4 1 1 1 1 4	21, 565 5 109 17 25 5 36 20 162 110 15 14 o 19 1 2 23 12 35 3 4 4 2 13	676 4 13 5 4 1 1 1	19,845 6 131 16 10 2 51 14 123 87 11 10 4 14	569 o 2 2 5 4 2 1	16,539 3 125 12 17 I 9 8 103 64 15 7 1 3	471) 2 6		
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
										
										
										
										
								1 6 1 1 2	13 14 711 63 6 4	
										
										
110. Piles...............................................										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
113. Diabetes............................................										
									3	3
										
							1 13 3 14 3 2 2	1 2	o 9 3 4 1 3 o 3 4	
	32 12 18 5 3	2 1		1 1	26 8 21 1 2 2 2 12 1 2 2 8 102 245 6 51 160 17 129 1 152 3 3 1 48 102 26 44 1 14	2 1 1				
										
										
										
										
ORDER Vlll.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
123. Caries..............................................________!________										
	27 4 6 1						5			
										
		....	4 2				2		3 1	
										
						1 1 14 2 3 1	1 56 170 6 22 240 12 93			
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary Systetn	106 254 11 49 133 23 114 1	1 2 11 2 8 1	87 335 17 80 189 18 112 2 201 10 3 2 42 126 27 54 10 10	1 1 7 9 2					53 125 7 15 104 19 146 2	
130. Boils...............................................										
										
132. Whitlow...................................										
										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns........................................										
										
										
							149 6 6 39 106 20 31 1 5	2 10 1 1		
	192 9 5								146 ........ 4 ........ 2 ........ 34 1 14 69 | 1 33 1 1 ........ 21........	
										
										
										
	27 109 31 39 7 14									
										
										
145. Punctured Wounds...............................										
147. Other Accidents and Injuries.................										
148. Order II.—Homicide.........										2
149. Order 111.—Suicide........				1 3			l			
150. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence...		o					|		1	
Total..............									11,225 342	
	24, 855	797	23,534	731	21,516	613	17,917	515		
-----------										
 
DURING THE  YEAR ENDING  JUNE  30, I860.
703
TABLE CIX.—CENTRAL REGION-Concluded.
1865.			18(H>.													
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
	55,955.		47, 622.		37,029.		28,505. •		18,088.		13, 343.		10,825.		46, 562.	
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths	Cases Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	9,552	393	7,225	309	5,276 3	238	3,653	224	2,061	134	1,524 1 22 1 4	39	1, 560	35	121,960 26 1,243 100 131 13 240 141 799 589 82 64 12 63 1 7 152 55 110 13 29 12 16 86 5 29 9 11 605 1,618 67 301 1,133 175 1,093 10	4,148 9 1 16 40 21 16 14 4 1 1 4 17 7 2 1 3 3 3 2 3 6 26 3 98 3 2 5 15 15 1 5
	161 10 11 1 18 5 61 49 10 8 4	6 1 1 1 3	155 9 10 1 28 3 28 25 4 4	3 2 2 1 1	167 4 6	1 1 1	78 4 3 1 12 15 14 12 1 1	1 2 1	42 1 1 8 12 18 18 3 3 2	1			21 2 4	1 1 1		
					11 10 38 32						0 10 4 7 1	1	2 18 4 2 1 2			
					1	1 1										
																
			4	1	2		1	1								
											i					
	1 14 7 8				1 10 3 5											
		1	19 5 2				2	1	3 1				1			
											1					
							3									
																
	3		6		4 1 1		1		1							
											1 1					
			1 5				2 7		3	2			1 2			
	11															
																
	4 1		2 1		4				1		1 1					
																
					2 43 69 4 9 39 23 89 1 82 9 1 23 62 14 24 1 23	.......										
	45 123 2 25 91 19 137 2 138 4 8 2 33 79 24 33	2 1	49 102 2 17 55 23 103 1 130 3 4	2 1 1 1		1	24 74 6 • 10 51 10 56		18 44		9 35 3 8 18 3 31		11 42 3 1 17 4 27			
								1	14 36 4 50							
						1	83 1 3	1	47 2 4	1 1 1 3						
											34 2 6		41 1 2		1,395 47 55 9 341 855 207 350 22 125	
		14 ....	32 72 22 30	16 1 ........		6	37 48 10 16	3 1	16 36 3 22		5 26 6 12 1	1	5 20 6 12	2		
147	22	1 1	24	1		3 5	4	1 1	7	1 2				3		
148												1				
149																
150																
	10,726	425	8,212	342	6,101	261	4,243	238	2,481	146	1,784	42	1,812	43	134,406	4,495
 
704
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED  TROOPS
            TABLE CX.



Abstract of the  Sickness and Mortality
					18	>5.				
										
	July.		Aug	UST.	September.		October.		November.	
										
	103, 604.		95,935.		91, 718.		76,02C.		66,006. Cases. | Deaths.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Dead is.		
CLASS 1. ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.	225	102 1 77	102 471	62 o 65	79 5 502	61 2 43	60	50	22	26
										
	434						247	77	86	19
										
	2,268 3.339 2,415 97 54 6,269 541 1,268 160 55 61 163	58 3 4 1 22 06 161 98 20 3 21 22	2,056 3,858 2,978 166 92 4,250 428 1,004 98 26 33 49	72 1 3 1 15 69 123 82 14 4 15 5	1,870 4,609 3,614 216 151 3,643 602 725 181 17 55 17	63 6 1 27 63 109 68 36 1 12 1	1,331 4,108 3,658 222 135 2,870 304 836 81 15 109 12	44 1 32 20 110 60 34 33	720 2,071 2,123 141 47 1,674 181 512 69 13 197 11	2 15 14 C9 38 15 1 50
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
18. Diphtheria..........................................	6 283 49 771 351 405 47 7 10 1 5 2,039 2	2 26 24	26 208 127 656 283 391 54 6 10 4 12 3,254 4	2 1 25	23 173 74 506 307 341 43 4 2	4 31 1	12 171 124 573 314 323 57 3 1	1 21 1	13 89 125 235 315	4 1 4
										
										
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases. 22. Syphilis ..'..........................................										
									269 '• .......	
									49J........ 6 ...... 2	
										
										
										
				71 3	3 1,679 5	17 4	1 398 1	10	18	
ORDER HI.—Dietic Diseases. 29. Scurvy.............................................									161 1	5
										
										
			1		2					
										
					1	2				
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.										
	705 587 122	4 6 3	503 469 86 1 7 1 50 109	5 4 10	469 350 84	1 1 4	345 262 60 1 12	2 5 9 1	313 298 19	
										
										2
										
	9 6 54 118	1 56 1		1 42 3 1	7 3 39 101	1 40 1			11 1 20 50	
										33 2
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.							24 47	39 2		
43. Scrofula..................................										
										
CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES. 43. Itch........................	........ 183		132		116 1 10		30		141	•
46. Tape-worm.......................										
47. Other Intestinal Worms.............	21		13			1	6		7	
										
Carried forward..........								552	___.|---	
	23,132	782	22,020	701	20,629	601	16,80J		10,010	LZJ
1										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.
705
                TABLE CX.



of Colored Troops in the  United States Army.
1865		•	18G6.													
	December.		January.		February.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
65,220.			53,873.		41,936.		33,877.		22,610.		15,719.		12,886.		56, 017.	
—	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
																
1	18	13	13	6	4	2	5	8	3	6	2	1	3	2	536	339
2 3 4 5	56	1 11				1 5									7 1,883	7 311
			39	6	19		22	4	6	3	1			1		
																
	351	7	252	8	192	2	203	2	111	3	91	0	117	2	9,562	285
6	1,550		874		605		394		205		163		181		21,957	11
7	1,365	1	852		743		433		281	1	251		294		19,007	12
8	34		57		16		7		13		18		60		1,047	2
9 10	20 1,771	5 6	31 1,260	5 8	2 867	4 ' 8	7 632	5 1			7.		3 344	2	549 24, 364	132 257
									475	2	309					
11	149	49	151	32	102	19	40	19	20	7	7	5	9	3	2,534	706
12	478	28	298	15	226	9	178	6	101	4	88	2	91	2	5,005	412
13	33	15	28	10	16	5	9	I	7	1-	1		5		688	151
14	47	4	61	7	48	3	27		13	1	5		1	I	328	25
15	358	172	296	140	335	133	325	132	165	72	■ 42	19	32	7	2,008	806
16 17	9	1	11		4		5								281	29
																
18 19	11 121		6 51		5 27		5 43				4 3		4 2		115 1,189	13 2
									18							
20	333		204		184		147		41		19		81		1,510	
21	166	7	139	3	72	4	53	2	29	3	35	1	14		3,249	127
22	416		313		225	1	236		130		51		46		2,987	3
23	361		290		159		134		82		58		55		2, 868	
24	44		29		23		21		5		7		12		391	
25 26			4 3		1 1		1 4		2 3		1 1				35 46	........1
	1												8			
27 28											2 16				7 148	.......|
	21		35		13		26		5				13			
29	89	1	45	3	40	2	27		18		24	2	21		7,795	135
30 31 32 33 34			5 1											1	18 3 8 1 20	8 1 3
					1		1									
									4	1			1			
			1													
	• 18			1									1	1		
35 36							3 117								3 3,449	15
	355		273		222	1			62	1	49		36	1		
37	214	1	195	1	144	3	112		58	1	41		40		2,770	22
38	12				r		2			2			2	1	406	35
39 40			1 4												3 80	1 1
	6	1			i 6		5		6		3		4			
41 42					1					1 8					11 263	4 305
	17	18	24	29	20	13	6	20	3		2	5	4	2		
43	36		42	2	37		27	1	8		2	2	4		581	14
44 *45	1 113	1													1 1,313	2
			139		j 1 115		146		91		32		23			
4G 47 48			1 6		!										2 6fi 1	• ■.......1 1
	2 1			........' 1												
																
																
	8,579	343	6,028	277	| 4,480	215	3,403	202	1,965	117	1,335	39	1,511	26	119,893	4,177
89 
706                 SICKNESS  AND MORTALITY  OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CX.—UNITED STATES ARMY—Continued.
					18G5.					
									----	
	July.		August.		September.		October.			
									NOVEMBER.	
	103, 604.		95, 935.		91,	718.	76,026		----	
									66,006.	
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Coses.	Death*
	23,132 2 33 943 5 8 £3 1 19 190 10 135 2 17 5 279 16 174 10 41 9 42 6	782 3 1 14 11 1 12 4	22,020 2 18 681 7 3 12 1 18 244 4 63 8	701 4 2 9 1 1 2 1	20,629 6 22 510 7 10 1 1 4 157 4 16 4 6 1 148 8 79 5 24 3 24	601 4 1 1 4 3 1 1 2 4	16,803 5 11 413 3 2 1 . 5 193 4	532 4 3 4 1	10,010 2 14 287 1 1 1	
CLASS IV.—LOCAL DISEASES. Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.										322 1 1 1 1
										
										
										
										
										
										
								1	1 101 3	
										
										
										
							2 3 3 128 1 39	1		
Order 11.—Diseases of Eye.									5 1 91 2 42	
										
			239 11 104							
										
										
										
Order 111.—Diseases of Ear.			27 11 50 1				9 6 11		4 2 14	
										
										
										
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.										
	15 14 2 3	9 9 4 4 1	9 6 4 1 1	3 6 1	11 8 2 1	6 2 4 1 1	6 6 1 1	4 2 1 1	4 5 2 4	2
										
										
										
										
									2 9 3 7 18 494 76 2 2 4G 201 131 G 11 171 301 16 1 28 43	........ 4 3 47 3 1 2 0
	15 11 19 48 389 133 11 19 30 225 163 13		15 6	1 2 3 2 62 5 2 1 4	10 1 1 19 316 45 1 1 46 143 132 8 7 358 495 64 5 46 78	2 1 3 2 46 4 3 1	5 5 2 17 378 60 2 5 48 161 114 10 6 313 410 18	1 1 1 o 1 1 1 29 5 4 1 2		
										
										
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.		1 4 1 1 78 10 1 2 2 0	29 387 61 5 17 44 176 158 11 1 366 628 70							
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs. 91. Colic..............................................	547 834 107 10 83 89									
										
93. Choi era Morbus.....................................										
										
		17	55 88	11		9	25 79	6		
										
										
98. Diseases of Spleen................	1 8 98 o	1	1 19 86		2 10 106 3		1 6 65 3		1 5 31 1 ____ 12,265	
99. Fistula in Ano.............										
100. Hernia........										
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach......										
Carried forward...............										----
	27,991	979	25,790	824	23,588	707	19,389	629		394
1 .......										_----
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1806.
707
TABLE CX.—UNITED STATES ARMY—Continued.
	18(1'	).	18GG.													
DECEMBER. 63,220.			January.		FEBRUARY.		March.		April.		May.		June.		Total.	
			53,873.		41,936.		33,877.		22,610.		15,719.		12,886.		56,617.	
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 05 G6 67 68 C9 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 7S 79 81 81 8C 82 84 £5 81 87 88 89 9C 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101	Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases. 1 Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	8,579 1 11 233 2 1	343 1 2 1 1	6,028 1 5 239 3 2 2 1	277 1	4,480 2 10 139	215	3,403 1 5 154 1	202 1 1	1,965	117	1,335 1 3 57 2	39 1	1,511 1	26	119,895 24 136 3,811 31 29 39 5 53 1,465 30 220 29 57 11 1,259 47 473 22 140 38 191 11	4,177 19 13 1 1 42 19 5 2 3 18 10
									4 105							
												I	50	........		
				4		1 1			1	2			1	2		
																
							t			1						
	3 139				1 95 1		1 59 1				1 25					
			119 1 2 3						64 1	1			19 1 3	2		
											1					
	1 0				9											
									2							
			1 71													
	88				55		61 1 5 1 4 1 7		33 3 5 2		31 4		35 1 8			
	5 1 15 2 14 2		10 1 6 3 12		2											
											2 5					
					5 1 8											
																
									3		2 2		4			
																
	5 2 1	3 2 1 1	4 5 1 1 1	1 . 5	7	1	3 2 2	2 1		1 1			2	3 ■ 1	66 48 14 16 2 2 78 28 39 170 3,680 533 22 50 482 1,747 1,357 64 164 2,170 4,014 339 22 279 559	33 31 10 13 2 7 4 24 18 6 1 5 498 42 12 10 3 1 13 64
																
																
					1	1				1	1	1	2	2		
							1									
																
	17 1 3 10 548 43 1		3		1 ........		M........		1		1 1					
																
		1 4 1	6 10 535 62	2 4			i		1							
					5 322 24	6	7 129 24				3 63	1	4 42 2			
								1 1	77 3	1 1 1						
							1 26 119 93 4 16 32 197 8 3 4 27	49 2 2	1 1 29 41 3 19 27 122 10				2 2 17 14	3 1		
	83 277 179 1 37 140 304 8	3 61 6 2	57 219 200 3 20 101 350 4	56 4 I 1	97 166 106 5 41 55 237	41 2 1										
										21	14 26	5				
											6 31 75 11					
													29 61 23 3 1 5	1		
																
	12 34	7	12 45	2	7 31	1		2	4 34	5	2 4	1				
					2										53 475 14	1 1
	2 33 2	1	2 18						1 3							
					23 1		11 1						1			
											1					
	10,844	441	8,169	358	5,941	270	4,415	264	2,565	153	1,710	49	1,844	41	144,511	5,109
 
708
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY  OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CX.—UNITED STATES ARMY-Concluded.
					1S(	>5.	(>("['<	Ill'.B.	November.	
										
	July.		August.		September.					
										
	103, 604.		95,935.		91,	■18.	76,026.		66,006. Casos. Deaths.	
										
LIST OF DISEASES.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.		
	27,991 7 108 22 44 3 68 23 271 145 21 11 3 15	979 5 7 7 3 6 . 1 1 1 1 5	23, 790 10 140 24 26 6 52 26 223 132 17 16 21 1 2 31 15 37 4 4 5 17	821 1 4 15 5 5 1 2 3	23,588 7 180 19 17 2 66 22 168 103 14 13 5 15	707 2 1 3 3 5 4 2 1 2	19,389 8 137 13 20 3 14 10 144 75 16 8 1 6	629 2 6 1 6 2 1 3	12,265 4 158 14 14 15 15 100 75 7 7	394 1 3 1 3 1 1
ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.										
										
										
										
										
										
										
										
110. Piles...............................................										
										
Order VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.										
113. Diabetes............................................										
									4	4
										
							1 17 5 18 3 3 3 1 8	1 2	2 11 4 9 " 1 3 2 3 6	
	39 16 23 « 4	3 1		1 1	32 10 23 1 2 4 2 13 1 2 4 8 114 295 8 54 183 19 142 1 170 4 4 1 58 120 28 49 1 16	2 1 1 1				
										
										
										
										
Order V111.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.										
123. Cari es..............................................										
	30 4 7 2									
										
		1	4 2	1 1 1 7 14 4		1 1 3 1 1 16 2 3 1	2 1 1 70 203 8 26 247 13 99		5 3	
										
										
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.	132 314 12 55 161 24 140 2	1 2 11 2 10 1 1 2	108 397 21 85 238 23 124 2 226 11 4 2 51 139 30 62 10 12						65 141 8 18 113 27 158 2	1
130. Boils...............................................										
										
132. Whitlow.........................................										
133. Skin Diseases.......................................										
CLASS V.—WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES. ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries. 134. Burns....................................										
										
										
							157 6 7 2 45 111 22 34 1 5	2 12 1 2		
	213 10 6								151 6 3 2 39 82 18 36 1 4	1 17 1 1 3
										
										
										
142. Gunshot Wounds.................................	49 124 38 44 7 14									
										
144. Lacerated Wounds...............................										
145. Punctured Wounds...............................										
146. Poisoning;......................										
147. Other Accidents and Injuries............										
148. Order II.—Homicide.........										
149. ORDER HI.—Suicide___				1 3						
150. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence...		2								2 { 436
Total...............								672	13,601	
	30,208	1,053	28,154	894	25,588	764	20,963			
'----------										
 
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.
709
TABLE CX.—UNITED STATES ARMY—Concluded.
1805		K.							18	;<>.						
1	5ECEMBI		JANUARY.		February. 1		March.		April.		May.		June.		TOTAL.	
	65,220.		53,873.		41,936.		33, 877.		22,610.		15,719.		12,886.		56, 017.	
102 103 104 103 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 13G 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 143 146 147 148 149 150	Cases. ' Deaths.		Cases. Deaths		C;ises Deaths.		Cases. Deaths.		Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.	Cases.	Deaths.
	10,844	441	8,169	358	5,941 3 190 4 7	270	4,415 264 j i		2,565	153	1,710 1 27 1 4	49	1,844	41	144, 511 40 1,474 126 168 17 306 171 1,114 0'J3 90 76 14 74 1 7 185 68 130 15 31 16 17 106 5 32 15 22 729 1,939 82 342 1,299 213 1,232 11	5,109 10 3 21 47 22 21 15 6 I 2 5 25 8 3 1 3 3 1 1 5 1 2 3 6 32 2 4 120 3 3 5 20 18 1 7
	185 11 11 1 20 6 79 57 10 8 5	6 1 1 1 3	175 9 10 1 28 3 34 31 4 4 1 4	3 2 2 1 1		1 2 l	102 6 8 1 15 15 23 14 1 1	1 2 1	50 1 1 8 12 20 20 3 8	1 1			22 2 6	1 1 1		
					12 ........ 10 2 42 ........ 34 ........ 1						6 10 6 7 1 1	1	2 19 4 2 3			
				-	1	1 1										
				3	3		1	1								
																
	1 15 7 9				1 11		1									
		1	23 5 3				2	1	3 • 1				1			
											1					
							3									
																
	3		6				1		1		*					
					1 1						1 1					
			1 8	........			2 8		3 3	2			1 2			
	11				1											
				.......	1											
	4 1		2 1		4				1		1 1					
																
					7 51 75 5 12 47 30 102 1 95 4 9 1 27 69 16 24 1 25	1	2 29 94 6 14 63 12 71		1 22 53				3 15 54 4 4 21 4 33			
	54 139 27 97 19 151 2 151 4 9 2 45 90 26 36	2 3	58 124 2 20 63 30 121 1 136 3 5	2 1 1 1						1	11 50 6 10 20 3 35					
								1	17 46 9 56							
						1	97 1 4	1	52 2 4	2 1 1 3				1		
											35 2 6		45 1 2		1,528 54 63 10 428 965 237 385 22 161	
		18	36 81 23 34	17 1		9	46 58 19 19	3 1	22 41 4 22		5 28 7 13 1	1	5 22 6 12	o		
	22	1 2	50	1 1		3 5	6	1 1	7	1 2				3		
												1				
																
					........1"											
	12,164	480	9,309	395	6,879	297	5,159	278	3,035 168		2,011	52	2,141	50	159,232	5,539
 
710
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY OF  COLORED  TROOPS
                                                   TABLE  CXI.

General Summary of the Sickness and Mortality of  Colored Troops  during the  ]\
ar.
YEAR................................

Mean Strength in Field and Garrison
In General Hospitals...................

           LIST OF DISEASES.
  CLASS  I.—ZYMOTIC DISEASES.

      Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever...........................
Typhus Fever............................
Typho-Malarial Fever.....................
Yellow Fever.............................
Remittent Fever..........................
Quotidian Intermittent Fever..............
Tertian Intermittent Fever................
Quartan Intermittent Fever................
Congestive Intermittent Fever.............
Acute Diarrhoea...........................
Chronic Diarrhoea..........................
Acute Dysentery..........................
Chronic Dysentery.........................
Erysipelas................................
Small-pox and Varioloid...................
Measles...................................
Scarlet Fever.............................
Diphtheria................................
Mumps....................................
Epidemic Catarrh..........................
Other Diseases of this Order...............
       Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.
Syphilis...................................
Gonorrhoea...............................
Orchitis...................................
Stricture of the Urethra...................
Purulent Ophthalmia......................
Serpent Bite..............................
Other Diseases of this Order...............
       Order III.—Dietic Diseases. -
Scurvy...................................
Purpura..................................
Delirium Tremens........................
Inebriation...............................
Chronic Alcoholism........................
Other Diseases of this Order...............
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
          Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout...........................................
36. Acute Rheumatism..............................
37. Chronic Rhbumatism.............................
38. Anaemia.........................................
39. Cancer..........................................
40. Tumors.........................................
41. Other Diseases of this Order.....................
         Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption....................................
43. Scrofula........................................
44. Other Diseases of this Order.....................
    CLASS III.-PARASITIC DISEASES
45. Itch.........................................
46. Tape-worm..................................
47. Other Intestinal Worms......................
48. Other Diseases of this Order................
Carried forward.
Ending June 30,1864.
43, 952.
 1,222.
Cases.
 1,866
    70
 2,515
   132
 6,585
16,239
12,383
 1,073
 1,058
34,851
 3,659
 7,215
   847
   542
 2,760
 5,443
  340
6,017
3,958
2,361

1,025
1,723
  271
   53
  126
    7
   74

2,982
   18
    7
   10
    4
   77
5,901
3,852
1,351
   19
   37
  568

  460
  694
   11
387
376
  2
129,963
Deaths.
752
 60
499
 12
296
 21
 19
  6
357
503
784
496
220
 61
760
568
 15
  5
  4
125

 13
  1
  1
 41
 60
 95
  2
  1
 51

267
 17
6,191
Ending June 30,1865.
83,571.
 5, 572.
Cases.
 1,692
    46
 3,131
    58
14,498
25, 796
19, 655
 1,803
   929
54,586
 5,905
12,239
 1,246
   C66
 1,948
 2,831
   118
   315
 4,980
 4,401
 6,277

 2,195
 2,469
   328
    55
   100
    7
    33

 5,440
    14
    2
    4
    1
    56
    4
9,049
7,104
1,014
   17
  152
  132
1,456
   8
  182
   9
Deaths.
1,189
   41
  491
   15
  421
   26
   23
   7
  305
584
255
161
775
334
  2
 33
  5
  1
283
12
190
  2
  2
  1
  1
 42
 55
128
  2
 26

639
 50
  2
194,800
8,505
Ending June 30,1866,
55,039.
 1,578.
Cases.
  536
   7
1,883
 9,562
21,957
19,007
 1,047
   549
24, 364
 2,534
 5,805
   688
   328
 2,008
   281
  115
1,189
1,510
3,249

2,987
2,868
  391
   35
   46
   7
  148

7,795
   18
   3
   8
   1
   20
    3
3,449
2,770
  406
    3
   80
   11

  263
  581
    1


1,313
    o
   66
    1
119,895
Deaths.
339
  7
311
285
 11
 12
  2
132
257
706
412
151
 25
806
 29
127
 35
  1
  1
  4

305
 14
  2
4,177
TOTAL.
 60,854.
  2,791.
Cases.
  4,094
   123
  7,529
   190
 30,645
 63,992
 51,045
  3,923
  2,536
113,801"
 12, C98
 25,259
  2,781
  1,536
  6,716
  8,555
   118
   776
 12,166
  9,869
 11,887

  6,207
  7,060
   990
   143
   272
    21
   255

 16,217
    50
    12
    22
     6
   153
    7
18,399
13,726
 2,771
   39
  269
  711

 1,331
 2,508
   20
  3,156
    18
   624
    12

444,658 
DURING  THE  YEARS  ENDING  JUNE  30,  1864, 1865,  1866.
711
TABLE CXI.—GENERAL SUMMARY—Coutinued.
YEAR
Mean Strength in Field and Garrison
ln general hospitals...................
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward.
      CLASS IV.—LOCAL  DISEASES.

      ORDER I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
49. Apoplexy.....................................
5C. Epilepsy......................................
51. Headache.....................................
52. Insanity......................................
53. Inflammation of Brain.........................
54. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain...........
53. Inflammation of Spinal Cord...................
56. Nostalgia.....................................
57. Neuralgia.....................................
58. Paralysis.....................................
59. Sun-stroke....................................
60. Other Diseases of this Order...................
          Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
61. Amaurosis....................................
62. Cataract......................................
63. Inflammation of Conjunctiva...................
64. Inflammation of Iris...........................
65. Night Blindness...............................
66. Other Diseases of this Order...................
          Okder 111.— Diseases of Ear.
67. Inflammation of Internal Ear...................
68. Deafness......................................
69. Otorrhoea...................................
70. Other Diseases of this Order...................
  OKDER IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
71. Aneurism.....................................
72. Valvular Disease of Heart.....................
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease....................
74. Dropsy of Pericardium........................
75. Inflammation of Pericardium...................
76. Inflammation of Endocardium.................
77. Inflammation of Veins.........................
78. Varicose Veins................................
79. Varicocele....................................
60. Other Diseases of this Order...................
    Okder V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
61. Asthma.......................................
82. Acute Bronchitis..............................
83. Chronic Bronchitis............................
84. Dropsy of Chest..............................
83. Haemorrhage from Nose.......................
66. Inflammation of Larynx.......................
87. Inflammation of Lungs........................
68. Inflammation of Pleura........................
89. Hemorrhage from Lungs......................
90. Other Diseases of this Order...................
    Order VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic.
Constipation.................
Cholera Morbus..............
Cirrhosis of Liver............
Dropsy from Hepatic Disease.
Dyspepsia...................
Diseases of Pancreas.........
Diseases of Spleen...........
Fistula in Ano................
Hernia.......................
Haemorrhage from Stomach...
Ending June 30,1861
43,952.
 1 222.
Cases.
129,963
  38
 263
,514
  75
 113
  71
  22
 146
,736
  55
 111
 177

  42
  27
,482
  55
 339
 106

  79
  48
 230
 554

   3
 111
  45
  28
  39
  14
   9
 115
  60
  45

 191
,2<i8
 930
  29
 115
 757
,121
 513
 136
 640
Carried forward.
802
287
253
  6
365
657
  1
 24
 55
623
 16
173,534
Deaths.
6,191
  4
111
 43
 14
  9
  3
 15
  8
 28
    4
  113
   46
   15
    2
   16
2,434
  159
   15
   11

    2
    2
    7
    3
Ending June 30,1865.
9,507
83,571.
 5,572.
Cases.
194,800
    77
   549
 6,407
    67
   107
    56
    41
   135
 2,817
   107
   252
   107

    52
    22
 2,412
    88
 1,039
    66

   238
   120
   312
   119

    10
   214
   126
    32
    39
    16
     4
   196
   122
    38

   401
10, 670
 1,270
    78
    92
 1,499
 6,265
 3,305
   205
   405

 4,428
 7,903
   559
    14
   783
 1,391
    8
    23
   132
 1,115
   34
251,387
Deaths.
8,505
  5
109
 46
 26
  5
  2
 33
 32
 25
   10
  118
   85
   28
    3
   19
2,301
  103
   33
   63
 \
    4
    3
   10
    3
  128
    5
Ending June 30,1866.
55,039.
 1,578.
Cases.
12,081
119,895
   24
  136
3,811
   31
   29
   39
    5
   53
1,465
   30
  220
   29

   57
   11
1,259
   47
  473
   22
191
 11
   66
   48
   14
   16
    2
    2
   78
   28
   39

  170
3,630
  533
   22
   50
  482
1,747
1,357
   64
  164

2,170
4,014
  339
   22
  279
  559
 53
475
 14
Deaths.
144,511
TOTAL.
  4
 24
 18
  6
  1
  5
498
 42
 12
 10

  3
  1
 13
64
5,109
00,854.
 2,791.
Cases.
444, 658
   139
   948
 14, 732
   193
   249
   166
    68
   334
 6,018'
   192
   583
   313

   151
    60
 5,153
   190
 1,851
   194

   457
   206
   733
   684

    13
   391
   219
    74
    94
    32
    15
   389
   210
   122

   762
22, 648
 2,733
   129
   257
 2,738
16,133
 7,175
   405
 2,209

 9,400
17,204
 1,151
    42
 1,427
 2,607
     9
    55
   240
 2,213
    64
569,432 
712
SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  COLORED  TROOPS,  ETC.
TABLE  CXI.—GENERAL SUMMARY—Concluded.
YEAR
I Ending June 30,1861
Mean Strength in Field and Garrison
In General Hospitals...................
LIST OF DISEASES.
              Brought forward.....................

ORDER VI.—Diseases of Digestive Organs—Continued.
102. Haemorrhage from Bowels.....
103. Inflammation of Tonsils.......
104. Inflammation of Stomach......
105. Inflammation of Bowels.......
106. Inflammation of Peritonaeum...
107. Acute Inflammation of Liver ..
108. Chronic Inflammation of Liver.
109. Jaundice.....................
110. Piles.........................
111. Other Diseases of this Order...
ORDER VII.—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
112. Stone and Gravel............
113. Diabetes....................
114. Bright's Disease.............
115. Diseases of Prostate.........
116. Diseases of Testis...........
117. Inflammation of Kidneys---
118. Inflammation of Bladder.....
119. Incontinence of Urine.......
120. Hydrocele..................
121. Other Diseases of this Order.
ORDER VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis..................
123. Caries......................
124. Iuflam mation of Joints.......
125. Inflammation of Bones.......
126. Inflammation of Periosteum..
127. Necrosis....................
128. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System
129. Abscess.......
130. Boils.........
131. Carbuncle---
132. Whitlow......
133. Skin Diseases.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.

148.
LASS  V.—WOUNDS,  ACCIDENTS,  AND
                INJURIES.
 Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
 Burns...........................................
 Contusions.......................................
 Concussion of Brain..............................
 Drowning........................................
 Sprains........................................
 Dislocation......................................
 Simple Fractures...................... ..........
 Compound Fractures.............................
 Gunshot Wounds.................................
 Incised Wounds..................................
 Lacerated Wounds...............................
 Punctured Wounds...............................
 Poisoning....................................___
 Other Accidents and Injuries......................

 Order II.—Homicide............................
149. Order III.—Suicide..............

13:>. Order IV.—Execution of Sentence.
43,952.
 1,222.
   59
2,260
  201
  249
   26
  379
  190
1,642
  925
  232
 29
 82
 10
106
201
 63
138
 40
 47
 31
 27
120
  7
  634
1,012
   64
  207
  563
214
905
 18
1,710
   29
   51
   31
1,939
  426
  168
  137
   14
  567
9,507
10
 3
19
51
11
34
10
35
 5
 4
Total................................\  189,460
Ending June 30,1865.
83,571.
 5,572.
203
  1
  1
  6
 11
 22
251,387    12,081
10,054
   81
3,020
  343
  331
   75
  590
  313
2,789
1,593
  294
215
 31
248
  9
148
392
173
277
 64
 74
1,013
2,016
   94
  349
1,417
  399
1,744
   31
2,607
   79
   80
   24
4,527
  879
  427
  362
   53
1,607
16
 6
48
95
36
29
26
32
 6
 5
Ending June 30,1866.
55,039.
 1,578.
Cases.
11
280, 662
  1
 12
 11
719
  2
  7
  2
  6
 50
24
144,511
   40
1,474
  126
  168
   17
  306
  171
1,114
  695
   96
 76
 14
 74
  1
  7
185
 68
130
 15
 31
 16
 17
106
  5
 32
 15
 22
13, 411
  729
1,939
  342
1,299
  213
1,232
   11
1,528
   54
   63
   10
  428
  905
  237
  385
   22
  161
Deaths.
5,109
159,232
  4
120
  3
  3
TOTAL.
60,854.
 2,791.
5,539
569,432
  180
6,734
  730
  748
  118
1,273
  674
5, 543
3,213
  622
359
 74
404
 20
261
778
304
545
119
152
110
512
 39
 92
 76
 41
2,376
4,967
  240
  898
3,279
  826
3,881
   60
Deaths.
26,697
 36
 12
 88
193
 69
 64
 51
 73
 12
 11
5,845
  162
  194
   65
6,694
2,270
  832
  884
   89
2,335
629,354
   6
  14
  28
  157

   3
  15
  23
1,042
   6
  11
  13
'  17
  92
29,004 
DISCH^RGKES OF COLORED  TEOOPS







                    ON








   SURGEON'S CERTIFICATE OF DISABILITY.
90 
 
DISCHARGES OF COLORED TROOPS, ETC
715
DISCHARGES  OF COLORED  TROOPS  ON  SURGEON'S CERTIFICATE OF
                            DISABILITY.
   Table CXII  presents a summary  view of the causes of the discharges from the
service on surgeon's certificate of disability among  the colored troops, drawn  up  in the
same manner as was done for the white troops in Table 01. 
716
DISCHARGES  OF  COLORED  TROOPS
                                     TABLE  CXII.
Discharges of  Colored  Troops on  Surgeons  Certificate of  Disability.
YEAR.
   Ending
June 30, 1864.
   Ending
June 30, 1865.
CLASS I.—ZYMOTIC  DISEASES.

    Order I.—Miasmatic Diseases.
Typhoid Fever..........
Remittent Fever........
Intermittent Fever......
Diarrhoea...............
Dysentery..............
Erysipelas..............
Small-pox and Varioloid.
Debility................
Order II.—Enthetic Diseases.
Syphilis...............
Gonorrhoea.............
Orchitis................
Stricture of the Urethra.
Order III.—Dietic Diseases.
Scurvy.....
Alcoholism.
CLASS II.—CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.

          Order I.—Diathetic Diseases.
15. Gout........................
16. Rheumatism................
17. Anaemia....................
18. Dropsy.....................
19. Cancer......................
20. Tumors.....................
21. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order II.—Tubercular Diseases.
22. Consumption.
23. Scrofula.....
        CLASS 111. —PARASITIC DISEASES.

24. Tape-worm........................................
CLASS IV. —LOCAL  DISEASES.

Order I.—Diseases of Nervous System.
25. Chorea.....................
26. Epilepsy....................
27. Insanity....................
28. Neuralgia..................
29. Paralysis...................
30. Sun-stroke..................
31. Other Diseases of this Order.

            Carried forward...
43
  5
122
  1
  7
128
 22
  1
287
377
  1
 52
  1
  9
  2
282
 57
   Ending
June 30, 1866.
 10
  7
149
 31
38
375
 34
 47
  1
  7
  1
234
 76
 1
53
 7
 4
21
 1
25
1,494
1,371
3,248 
ON  SURGEON'S  CERTIFICATE  OF  DISABILITY.
717
TABLE  CXII.—DISCHARGES OF COLORED TROOPS, ETC.—Continued.
YEAR-
   Ending
June 30, 1864.
Brought forward.
Order II.—Diseases of Eye.
32. Amaurosis..................
33. Cataract....................
34. Ophthalmia.................
35. Night Blindness.............
36. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order III.—Disease, of Ear.
37. Deafness....................
38. Otorrhoea...................
39. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IV.—Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
40. Aneurism....................
41. Heart Disease................
42. Inflammation of Pericardium .
43. Inflammation of Endocardium.
44. Varicose Veins...............
45. Varicocele...................
46. Other Diseases of this Order..
Order V.—Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
47. Aphonia....................
48. Asthma.....................
49. Bronchitis...................
50. Dropsy of Chest............
51. Inflammation of Larynx.....
52. Inflammation of Lungs......
53. Inflammation of Pleura......
54. Haemorrhage from Lungs___
55. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order VI.—Diseases of the Digestive Organs.'
56. Dyspepsia..................
57. Diseases of Spleen..........
58. Fistula in  Ano...............
59. Hernia......................
60. Prolapsus  Ani...............
61. Inflammation of Tonsils......
62. Inflammation of Stomach___
63. Inflammation of Bowels......
64. Inflammation of Peritoneum .
65. Inflammation of Liver.......
66. Piles........................
67. Other Diseases of this Order.
383
27
Carried forward.
   Ending
June 30, 1865.
1,494
22
  2
  1
 10
162
  3
   Ending
June 30, 1866.
14	13
11	8
13	12
1	1
44	43
1,371
 16
133
  1
  1
  4
  2
  2
 11
 21
 12
Total.
3,248
  1
161
  4
  9
 69
 25
  1
 5
42
96
 1
 2
25
18
 4
29
   10
    3
   26
  358
    7
    1
    7
    2
    4
   29
   43
   25

4,478 
718
DISCHARGES  OF  COLORED  TROOPS,  ETC.
TABLE CXII.-DISCHARGES OF COLORED  TROOPS,  ETC.-Concluded.
YEAR.
   Ending
June  30, 1864.
Brought forward.
Order VIL—Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
68. Gravel.....................
69. Diabetes...................
70. Bright's Disease............
71. Diseases of Testis..........
72. Inflammation of Kidneys___
73. Inflammation of Bladder___
74. Incontinence of Urine......
75. Hydrocele..................
76. Other Diseases of this Order
Order VIII.—Diseases of Bones and Joints.
77. Anchylosis..................
78. Caries......................
79. Exostosis...................
80. Inflammation of Joints.......
81. Inflammation of Periosteum .,
82. Diseases of Spine............
83. Necrosis.....................
84. Other Diseases of this Order.
Order IX.—Diseases of Integumentary System.
85. Abscess.
66. Ulcers...
CLASS V.  WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS,  AND  INJURIES.

         Order I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
87. Burns and Scalds............
88. Frost Bite...................
89. Sprains.....................
90. Dislocations.................
91. Fractures....................
92. Gunshot Wounds............
93. Amputations.................
94. Incised Wounds.............
95. Wounds unspecified..........
96. Other Accidents and Injuries.
CLASS  VI.—DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES.
 97. Atrophy................................
 98. Hypertrophy...........................
 99. Deformities.........'....................
100. Under Age.............................
101. Old Age................................
102. Stammering.........................
103. Unclassified and Cause not stated.
Total.
559
  5
  1
 36
  1
145

674
   Ending
June  30, 1865.
2,041
 1
 2
 3
12
10
 5
 3
 7
 7
50
  2
  3
  1
 12
 39
430
200
119
  3
 60
105
217
4,340
   Ending
June 30,  1866.
1,878
  3
 21
 41
280
120
  5
  1
 22
  5
225
148
3,009
   7
   1
  87
  111
  478
   3
1,226

8,223
FINIS. 
                      iistdex:.

           part  i.—white  troops.

SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  WHITE  TROOPS.
ATLANTIC REGION.
                       Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
                                                                             Page.
    For May and June, 1861...................................... .........................................    3
    For the year ending June 30, 1862.......................................................................    13
    «  «  «   «   «  "  1863.......................................................................   152
    n  «  "   "   "  n  jgg4.......................................................................   303
    u  it  <t   tt   tt  a  1855.......................................................................   462
    "  «  "   "   "  "  1866.......................................................................   611

                               Statistical Tables.
    For May and June, 1861, Table 1........................................................................    4
    For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XH.............................................................    66
    "  "  "   "   "  "  1863, Table XXXIII.........................................................   204
    "  "  "   "   "  "  1864, Table LYI............................................................   354
    "  «  "   «   "  "  1865, Table LXXXII........................................................   520
    "  "  "   "   "  "  1866, Table XCVI...........................................................   612

CENTRAL REGION.
                       Remarks explanatory of the Tables.

    For June, 1861........................................................................................    3
    For the year ending June 30, 1862.......................................................................    73
    "  "  "   "   ■'  "  1863.......................................................................   211
    "  "  "   "   "  "  1864.......................................................................   361
    "  "  "   "   "  "  1865.......................................................................   526
    "  "  "   "   "  "  1866.......................................................................   611

                               Statistical Tables.
    For June, 1861, Table H..........................................................................•----•    '
    For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XX.............................................................   120
    "  "  "   "   "   "  1863, Table XLIII...........................................................   270
    "  "  "   "   "  "  1864, Table LXVH.................................-........................   426
    "  "  "   "   "   "  1865, Table XCI............................................................   578
    "  "  "   "   "  "  1866, Table XCVH..........................................................   618 
720                                           INDEX

PACIFIC REGION.
Remarks explanatory of the  Tables.
      For the year ending June 30, 1862.............................................................            \*£
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1863........................................                               ~l
                                                                   ..................................   277
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1864...................................................................
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1865.................................
                                                                     ...............................   ;>t\j
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1866..................................................                     -„
                                                                               .....................   oil

                                          Statistical Tables.

      For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XXIII..........................................................   140
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1863, Table XLVI...........................................................   m
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1864, Table LXX.............................................................m
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1865, Table XCIV.......................'....................................   598
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1866, Table XCVIII.........................................................   (K4


CONSOLIDATED TABLES FOR WHITE TROOPS.
      For May and June, 1861, Table III......................................................................    10
      For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XXIV...........................................................   146
       "   "   "   "    "   '*'  1863, Table XLVII..........................................................   296
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1864, Table LXXI....................:.....................................   452
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1865, Table XCV............................................................   604
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1866, Table XCiX...........................................................   630
      For White Troops during the War, Table C............................'...................................   636


MORTALITY IN GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION.
      For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XI...............•................................................    60
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1863, Table XXXII..........................................................   198
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1864,TableLV..............................................................   348
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1865, Table LXXXI.........................................................   514


MORTALITY IN GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION.
      For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XIX............................................................   114
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1863, Table XLII............................................................   264
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1864, Table LXVI...........................................................   420
       "   ••'   "   "    "   "  1865,TableXC.............................................................   57-


DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST.

                               Remarks explanatory of the  Tables.

      For the year ending June 30, 1863.......................................................................   1K
       it   n   tt   a    a   tt  1^64                                              .....................   303
       n   a   tt   it    a   n  igg5..................   4G2

                                         Statistical Tables.

      For the year ending June 30,1863, Table XXV............................................................    156
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1864, Table XLVIH..........................................................    306
       "   "   "   "    "   "  1865. Table LXXIII.........................................................    ^ 
INDEX.
MIDDLE DEPARTMENT.
                            Remarks explanatory of  the Tables.
                                                                                             Page.
    For the year ending June 30, 1862.......................................................................    13
     "  "   "    ".  "   "  l^O'.?.......................................................................   153
     «  -   '•    "   "   "  1864...............,.......................................................   304
     «   '   •'    "   "   "  1865.......................................................................   463

                                      Statistical Tables.
    For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table IV..............................................................    18
     <■  "   •'    "   "   "  1863. Table XXVI..........................................................   162
     "  "   "    "   "   "  1864, Table XLIX..........................................................   312
     "  "   "    "   "   "  1865, Table LXXIV.........................................................   472


DEPARTMENT OF THE  SHENANDOAH.

                            Remarks explanatory of the Table.

    For the year ending June 30, 1862___................................................................       14

                                      Statistical Table.
    For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table V.........................................................■_.....    «j 4


MIDDLE MILITARY DIVISION.

                            Remarks explanatory  of the Table.

    For the year ending June 30, 1865.......................................................................   463

                                      Statistical Table.

    For the year ending June 30, 18G5. Tallc LXXVI..........................................................   484

DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON.

                            Remarks explanatory of  the Tables.

    For the year ending June 30, 1863.......................................................................   153
     "  "   "    "   "   "  1864.......................................................................   304
     "  "   "    "   "   "  1865.......................................................................   463

                                      Statistical Tables.

    For the year ending June 30, 1863, Table XXVII..........................................................   168
     "  "   "    "   "   "  1864,TableL...............................................................   318
     "  "   "    "   "   "  1865, Table LXXV..........................................................   478

DEPARTMENT OF THE RAPPAHANNOCK.

                            Remarks explanatory of  the Table.

    For the year ending June 30, 1862.......................................................................    16

                                      Statistical Table.
    For the year ending June 30, 1832, Table VII.............................................................    36
      91 
722                                          INDEX.

ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.
                              Remarks explanatory of  the Tables.

     For the year ending June 30, 1862............................................
      a   tt   it    tt   tt   tt  18G:^.........;..........................._......
      a   "   «    "   "   '•  1864............................................
      "   "   «    "   "   "  1865............................................

                                        Statistical Tables*
     For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table VI...................................
      "   "   "    "   "   "  1863, Table XXVIII.............................
      "   "   "    "   "   "  1864,TableLI...................................
      '•   "   «    "   "   "  1865, Table LXXVII.............................

DEPARTMENT  OF VIRGINIA.
                              Remarks explanatory of  the Tables.
     For the year ending June 30, 1862...........-...............................
      "   "    "   "   "   "  1863...........................................
      "   "   "   "   "   "  1864...........................................
      "   "    "   "   "   "  1865.........................-•.................
                                         Statistical Tables.
      For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table VIII................................
      »   "   "   "   "   "  1863, Table XXIX...............................
      "   "   «   "    «   "  1864, Table LII.................................
      "   "   "   "    "   "  1865, Tai.le LXXVIII............................

 DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA.
                              Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
      For the year ending June 30, 1832...........................................
       "  "  ."   "    "  "  1863...........................................
       ■•   "   "   "    "  "  1864...........................................
       '•   "   "   "    "  "  1855...........................................
                                        Statistical Tables.

     For the .year ending June 30, 1882, Table IX..................................
      "   "   "    "   "   "  1863, Table XXX................................
      "   "   "    "   "   "  1864, Table LIII................................
      "   "   '■    ''   "   "  1865, Table LXXIX.............................

DEPARTMENT OF THE  SOUTH.
                              Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
     For the year ending June 30, 1832...........................................
      "   "   "    "   '•   "  1863..........................................
      "   "   "    "   "'   "  1864...........................................
      "   u   "    "   "   "  1865...........................................
                                        Statistical Tables.
     For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table X...................................
      "   "   "    "   "   "  1863, Table XXXI...................*...........•
      "   "   ''    "   "   •''  1804, Table LIV
      "   "   "    "   "   "  1865. Table I ~" 
INDEX.
DEPARTMENT OF WEST VIRGINIA.
                             Remarks explanatory of the  Tables.
                                                                                                Page.
     For the year ending June 30, 1862.................................................................-.....    73
     it   tt' <t   t.    ..  tt  1863..............................:...................................'.....   211
                «    "  "  1834.1.....................................................................   361
                                       Statistical Tables.
     For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table NIII............................................................    78
     ..'«"..   "    "  "  1863, Table XXXIV.........................................................   216
     ..   a  ..   «    ••  •<  1864, Table LVII...........................................................   366

NORTHERN DEPARTMENT.
                             Remarks explanatory of the  Tables.
     For the year ending June 30, 1863.......................................................................   212
      .,   n  tt   tt    t\  tt  1^(34.......................................................................   361
            u   a    a   '■  1365...................-...............................:...................   526
                                       Statistical Tables.
     For the year ending June 30, 1863. Table XXXV..........................................................   222
      • •   "  "   "    "   "  1864, Table LVIII..........................................................*  372
      «   "  "   "    "   "  1865, Table LXXXIII.......................................................   530

 DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO.
                             Remarks explanatory of the  Tables.
     For the year ending June 30, 1863...................................................................
"  «  •••    "   "   "  1864.
362
             Statistical Tables.
             XXVI.......................................................
'  1864, Table LIX............................................................   378
    For the year ending June 30, 1863. Table XXXVI.
     K  It   u    it   >l   t


DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND.
                            Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
    For the year ending June 30, 1862.......................................................................
     a  a   n    tt   a   it  1863........................................  ...........................
     n  tt   a    tt   a   tt  1864.......................................................................
                                       Statistical Tables.
                                                                                                 84
    For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XIV............................................................
     "  "   •'    "   "   "  1863, Table XXXVII................................'........................   234
                           1864, Table LX...................-.........................................   384
tt   it
DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE.
                            Remarks'explanatory of the Tables.
                                                                                             75
For the year ending June 30, 1862........................................................
 "  a  a    tt   a   a  1863               ................................'.....................'
 ■ •'  "  a    a   tt   tt  1864                .......................__...............----*-----
            Statistical Tables.
           v......................
1863, Table XXXVIII................
For the year ending June 30, 1832, Table XV.............................................................
 "  "  "    "   "   "  1863, Table XXXVIII.......................................................   240
 "  tt  It    it   II   it  io/?j n-i.i.l .. t -it-t                            __________......................   3yi)
"  1884, Table LXI. 
721                                         INDEX.

MILITARY IH VISION OF THE MiSSlssil'I'l.  PART I.
                              Remarks explanatory of  the Tables.

     For the year ending June 30, 1833.........................................._.
     Supplementary remarks for May and June, 1834................................

                                        Statistical Tables.
     For the year ending June 30, 1865, Table LXXXIV.............................
     Supplementary Table for May and June, 1864, Table LXXII.....................

MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI.  PART II,
                              Remarks explanatory of the  Table.
     For the year ending June 30, 1865............................................

                                         Statistical Table.
     For the year ending June 30, 1865, Table LXXXV.............................

DEPARTMENT  OF THE GULF.

                              Remarks explanatory of  the Tables.

     For the year ending June 30, 1862............................................
      "  "  "   "   "   " 1863............................................
      "  "  "   "   "   " 1864............................................
      "  "  "   "   "   " 1865............................................

                                        Statistical Tables.
     For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XVI................................
      "   "  "   "   "   "  1863, Table XXXIX.............................
      "   "  "   "   "   " 1864, Table LXII................................
       •   "  "   "   "   "  1805, Table LXXXVI............................

DEPARTMENT  OF THE NORTHWEST.

                              Remarks explanatory of the  Tables.
     For the year ending June 30, 1862...........................................
      "   "  "   "   "   "  1863...........................................
      "   "  "   "   "   "  1864...........................................
      "   "  "   "   "   "  1885...........................................
For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XVII.....
 "  "   "   "    "  "  1863, Table XL.......
 "  "   "   "    "  "  1864, Table LXIIL...
 "  "   "   "    "  "  1865, Table LXXXVII.
Statistical Tables.
DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI.

                              Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
     For the year ending June 30, 1862...........................................
      "  "   "   "    "  "  1853...........................................
      "  "   "   "    "  "  1864.................
      "  "   -   "    "  "  1805....... 
                                           INDEX.                                         725

DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI.—Continued.
                                      Statistical Tables.
                                                                                             Page.
    For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XVIII..........................................................   108
     a  "   '•   "    "   "' 1863, Table XLI.............................................................   258
     «  "   "   "    '•   "  1834, Table LXIV...........................................................   408
     '■  "   ""  "    "   "  1865, Table LXXXVIII......................................................   560


DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS.

                            Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
    For the year ending June 30, 1864........................................................................   365
     "  "   "'   "    "   "  1865.....................................................:.................   529

                                      statistical Tables.
    For the year ending June 30, 1854, Table LXV....................................................-........   414
     "  '•'   "   "    "   "  1835, Table LXXXIX.......................................................   566


DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO.

                            Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
    For the year ending June 30, 1862.......................................................................   127
     "  "   "   '•'    '<   "  1883.......................................................................   277
     "  "   "   "    "   "  1864.......................................................................   433
     "  "   "   "    "   "  1865.......................................................................   585

                                      Statistical Tables.
    For the year ending June 30, 1832, Table XXI.............................................................   128
     "  "   "   "    "   "  1833, Table XLIV...........................................................   278
     "  "   "'   "    "   "  1864, Table LXVIII.........................................................   434
     "  "   ''   "    "   "  1865, Table XCII...........................................................   586


DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC.

                            Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
    For the year ending June 30, 1862........................................................................   127
     "  "   "   "    "   "  1863.......................................................................   277
     "  "   "   "    "   "  1864.......................................................................   433
     "  "   "   "    "   "  1865.......................................................................   585

                                      Statistical Tables..
    For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XXII...........................................................   134
     "  ''   "   "    "   "  1863, Table XLV...........................................................   284
     "  "  ■"   "    "   "  1864, Table LXIX..........................................................   440
     "  "   ""   "    "   "  1865, Table XCIII..........................................................   592


DISCHARGES OF WHITE  TROOPS ON SURGEONS CERTIFICATE  OF DISABILITY.

                             Remarks explanatory of the Table.............................   645
    Summary of Discharges, Table CI..........................................".............................   646 
726                                "   index.

                  PART  II—COLORED TROOPS.

       SICKNESS  AND  MORTALITY  OF  COLORED  TROOPS.
ATLANTIC REGION.
                         Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
                                                                              rape.
    For the year ending June 30, 1864.......................................................................  651
     "  "  "   "   "  "  1865.......................-...............................................  G71
     "  "  "   "   "  "  1833.......................................................................  691

                                  Statistical Tables
    For the year ending June 30, 1884, Table CII.............................................................  652
     "  "  "   "   "  "  1835, Table CV..............................................................  072
     "  "  "   "   "  "  1353, Table CVIII..........................................................  692

CENTRAL REGION.

                         Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
    For the year ending June 30, 1854.......................................................................  651
     "  "  "'   "'   "  "  1885.......................................................................  671
     "  "  '•   "   "  "  1863.......................................................................  691

                                  Statistical Tables.
    For the year ending June 30, 1864, Table CIII............................................................  CM
     "  "  "   "   "  "  1865, Table CVI............................................................  678
     "  "  "   "   "  "  1866, Table CIX............................................................  698

CONSOLIDATED TABLES FOR COLORED TROOPS.
    For the year ending June 30, 1864, Table CIV............................................................  664
     "  "  "   "   "  "  1865, Table CVII...........................................................  ^
     "  "  "   "   "  "  1866,TableCX.............................................................  704
    For Colored Troops during the War, Table CXI............. .............................................  710

DISCHARGES OF COLORED TROOPS ON SURGEON'S CERTIFICATE OF DISABILITY,

                         Remarks explanatory of the  Table.............................  7l5
    Summary of Discharges, Table CXII....................................................................  '
END OF VOLUME I, CF THE MEDICAL HISTOKY. 
 
 
THE
MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  HISTORY
WAR  OF  THE REBELLION.
APPENDIX
PARTI
CONTAINING
REPORTS OF MEDICAL DIRECTORS, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS.
Edited, under the direction of Surgeon General JOSEPH K. BARNES, United States Army,
         BY
Assistant Surgeon J. J. WOODWARD, United States Army,
         AND
Assistant Surgeon GEORGE A, OTIS, United States Army.
92 
 
NOTE  BY THE  EDITORS.
     The Appendix to Part 1, of the Medical and Surgical History of the War of the
 Rebellion contains such portions of the reports of Medical  Directors and other Officers,
 received during the War by the  Surgeon General, as  have appeared to possess  historical
 interest.
     In preparing these documents for publication, the Editors  have endeavored to place
 on  record,  in  the language of the original  observers, such  of the official statements
 relating to the  operations of the medical department of the Union Army, as illustrate the
 Medical and Surgical  volumes.   They  have omitted nearly all detailed descriptions of
 cases, remarks on special diseases, on  hospital  construction, and  transportation of the
 wounded, and  many observations which will more advantageously appear in other parts
 of the work, as well as some paragraphs relating  to subjects fully discussed in antecedent
 reports.   Asterisks indicate where omissions occur.
     During the first year of the war, medical officers were guided by the General Regu-
 lations only in  making their reports; but, as the organization of the army progressed, such
 instructions were given  as secured comprehensive accounts of the operations of the Medical
 Staff by the senior medical officers of  corps, divisions, and brigades.
     The Editors have sought to observe either a chronological  or geographical  sequence
 in the arrangement of the documents, in  order to approximate a connected narrative;  but,
 when it has appeared  advisable,  either in order to connect sub-reports with  those of the
 chief medical  officers,  or  for other  reasons,  they  have  frequently  deviated from this
 course.  They  have not felt at liberty to alter, materially, the phraseology of the Reports
 except where obvious grammatical  inaccuracies, due to hasty composition, were apparent.
 They have diligently searched the files of the Adjutant General's Office as well as those of
 the Surgeon General, and  believe that  no  reports of  importance have  been overlooked,
 though portions of many have been reserved for publication in the body of the work.
    A few wood-cuts  and photo-lithographic maps have been  inserted, to  indicate the
 positions of hospitals, the  direction  in which the sick and  wounded  were taken  to the
 rear, and the  like;  but facilities for  original  illustrations  of this kind have been  very
 limited.
    The Circulars and  Orders printed with  the prefatory remarks of the Surgeon General,
 will explain the  reasons of the frequent repetitions  in relation to the supplies of  food,
water, medicines, stores, shelter, and transportation which will be observed in some of the
reports. 
 
APPENDIX
PART   I
MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  HISTORY  OF  THE  REBELLION,
CONTAINING
REPORTS  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTORS AND  OTHER  DOCUMENTS.
Edited, under the direction of Brevet Major General J. K. BAUNES,  Surgeon General, United States Army,

                                              BY
               Brevet Lieutenant Colonel J. J. Woodward, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Army,
                                             AND
               Brevet Lieutenant Colonel George  A. Otis, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Army.
 I.  Report of the  Events connected with the First Bull Run Campaign.  By  Surgeon W. S.
            ~Kmo, U.  S. A., Medical Director of the Army under  General McDowell.

     The first battle of Bull Run will ever be memorable in the annals of the country as the great contest at the commencement
 of the struggle now going on for the maintenance of the supremacy of the Union.   Having arrived in Washington, from a
 distant frontier station, a few weeks previously. I was detailed to report, as medical director, to the General in command of the
 Department of Northeast Virginia.  Upon reaching the headquarters at Arlington, where our forces were assembling, I became
 painfully impressed with the vastness of the work to be done to prepare for the coming conflict, and with the very short time,
 apparently, that would be allowed for the purpose. I found the  army with which we were to meet the enemy composed of
 the best, and also of the worst material I had ever met with.  This force had been hastily collected; many of the men had
 never been examined by medical officers, and were inferior to those in the  regular army, where the  physical defects are more
 carefully regarded.  Impressed, by the lessons of the Crimea, with the importance of hygienic measures in the camps, I began
 my visits to them, and pointed out, particularly to those who possessed the power to enforce them, the necessity of observing
 these precautions.
    It is while engaged in the  labor of introducing sanitary reforms that the want of substantial rank is most sensibly felt
 by ihe medical officer, and more or less paralyzes all his efforts. If he finds an unusual number of cases of disease in a regi-
 ment, and ascertains that the walls of the tents are seldom if ever raised  to admit fresh air, that the straw is saturated with
 emanations from the bodies and breaths of the men, and, that low forms of fever are thus engendered, should  he  naturally
 desire to instantly change this condition of things, he will learn, by bitter experience, the extreme difficulty of inducing those in
authority to listen to his  requests or to act on his  suggestions.  When we learn that diseases destroy more soldiers than do
powder and the sword, it cannot be too often repeated that these disastrous  results may be easily prevented by simple hygienic
precautions, for the institution of  which there must be united and  harmonious action between the field officer and the surgeon.
    1 
2
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--FIRST  BULL  RUN.
This can be effected in no other way than by adopting the practice of admitting the chief medical officer of each separate army
to a seat in the council of war.  As a general rule, such officers  would bring with them tried experience and  extended and
varied information on many branches of knowledge, to the benefit of the service.  To give  weight to  his opinion thechi'f
medical  officer should have  a higher rank than that of major, his  present status, there being no provision, at present, whereby
it is possible for him  to hope for promotion.  He is the best judge as to the condition of the men, as to their capability to sustain
a forced march, and whether the physical endurance proposed to be exacted of them will not so overtask their powers as to unfit
them for the duty required.   The selection of a camping ground for the night is also a matter of great importance.   A spot thus
fixed upon may,  from necessity, be occupied for weeks; and, should it prove unhealthy, the evil must be suffered;  whereas in
a majority of cases, a more  healthy location would have  answered equally well for all military purposes.
      Every medical director at least, should have the authority to order the prompt removal of a nuisance that is contaminating
the air; and such military assistance should be furnished him as he may require for the immediate carrying into effect of any
measures he may deem essential to the prevention of disease in camps, provided they do not interfere with the military necessity
of the position.   The orders  of medical directors  relating  to sanitary matters should be binding upon  all, and should not he
disregarded unless satisfactory reasons be given.   On lauding at Rangoon, during the first Burmese war, the superintending
surgeon of the Bengal division there had warned the officer commanding, that without fresh food and vegetables  the soldiers
must perish from scurvy. The reply was :  "medical opinions are  very good when called for." Is not this answer characteristic
also of the opinions entertained by many at the present time in regard to the advice of medical officers in  similar cases i
      In the Bull Run campaign, Assistant Surgeon Magruder and myself were, with few exceptions, the only medical officers
who had  served with troops; and our advice  and  assistance were eagerly sought in relation to the details of camp lite and the
mode of procuring the necessary medical supplies.  In preparing for the  expected battle, a limited number of ambulances which
had been furnished, were distributed with great care, so as  to equalize the amount of transportation  among the regiments.  I
made an estimate of twenty wagons for our medical supplies, which, although approved by  the commanding officer, did not
result in their being sent.  A few days before the  forward  movement, directions were issued by the General commanding, to
have  the  army  put  in  light marching  order;  that all  officers and soldiers  should carry with them  three and a half days
cooked rations, and that all baggage and  stores of every kind should  be left behind in camp, to be subsequently sent for. As
the conveyances  estimated for had not been furnished, these arrangements made it impossible to transport any medical supplies
except such as could be placed in the ambulances or forage wagons, and this I directed the medical officers to do.
      The command moved on the Fairfax road on the afternoon of the 16th of July, 1861, and after a march of  seven miles
halted for the night.  At daylight, the following  morning, the advance was  resumed.  The day was unusually hot, and the
troops plucked with avidity  the  blackberries growing  abundantly by the roadside, as a means of relieving both thirst and
hunger, for which purpose this fruit is eminently fitted.  The ro*ad we found impassable in  many places, owing to  felled trees
which the rebels had placed in our way.  Arriving, at length, near Fairfax, we discovered that the enemy had abandoned their
works, and that  a small force, left evidently to watch our movements, had just gone, leaving behind, in their haste, carpet-hags,
trunks,  a keg of whiskey, and half eaten meals.  Our troops were in excellent  health, and no cases of disease were reported to
me or came und^r my observation.
      We encamped for the night near Fairfax.   July 19th, was spent by the General and staff in  making a reconnaissance of
the roads between Fairfax and Centreville.  In the afternoon, heavy firing was heard on our  left, towards Blackburn's Ford.
Riding rapidly in that direction, to ascertain the cause, we found that  the division  of General Tyler had been smartly engaged
with the enemy.   We pursued our course on the road leading to the ford, and soon met the ambulances with the dead, wounded,
and disabled men.  One soldier had had his face shot away completely.   Some in the ambulances were not wounded, but were
disabled from sunstroke or  exhaustion.  The ambulances were stained with blood, evincing the terrible earnestness with which
the rebels had commenced their struggle.  I dispatched Assistant Surgeon  Magruder to  accompany the forward ambulance
to Centreville, and to select suitable buildings for hospital purposes, and I followed him with the remainder, after picking up
all the wounded we could find.   A hotel, a  church, and a large dwelling, were selected by Assistant Surgeon Magruder, and some
wounded were placed in them before my arrival.  Unfortunately, two of the ambulances had been drawn up on the wrong side of
the road, and the division of General Tyler, of twelve thousand troops, marching in close order, filled the passage between our
wounded and the church hospital, and we were obliged to wait, for two hours, for men and wagons to pass, before the wounded
could be taken out.  Several attempts were made to cross the road, but such was the press and confusion that it was found to be
impossible, and we were obliged to desist.  An unexpected difficulty was now encountered, in the great scarcity of water
There were very few wells  in Centreville, and these had been so exhausted by our thirsty men that they were nearly all dry.
Water, procured with great difficulty and placed in basins for the purpose of washing the wounded, was snatched up and drank
by stragglers, as  they passed, before they  could be prevented.  By 9 o'clock P. M., through great exertion on the part of Dr.
Magruder and  myself, we  succeeded in organizing,  to some extent, our improvised hospitals.  Several amputations were
performed; one,  I remember, of the thigh, which resulted fatally the next day, and one of the leg, which did well.
      To give an idea of some of our  difficulties  on  this night, I might  mention that the hospital in  the church, as soon as
emptied, became filled again by men stepping out  of the ranks as they passed, in search of their companions, or for something
to eat or drink.  Having no  guard, we were very much  embarrassed and incommoded by this crowd, and it required  a great
amount of exertion before order and quiet could be secured.   And here I would recommend all medical directors  to wear con-
spicuously the insignia of their rank while on duty, as I found it rather  awkward, notwithstanding I had on the usual undrtss
uniform of an officer, to have my right  to  give orders repeatedly questioned  by surgeons, hospital stewards, and  others, who,
having  had directions from those known to them, were unwilling to  obey strangers if the commands  appeared different from
those they had been receiving.  A medical director should  always have with  him at least  two mounted orderlies to convey his
orders,  and, if necessary, to enforce them.
      As soon as General Tyler, who  commanded  the division which had  engaged the enemy, arrived, I sought him and
obtained a sufficient  number of men as a guard for all our  hospitals, and to procure a supply of water  for our wounded.   An 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL DIRECTOR  KING.
3
incident which occurred at Centreville will show how the distinction so often made between Federal and State soldiers may
operate injuriously to the service.  I had directed  an ambulance with  two wounded soldiers to be taken to a large dwelling
selected as a hospital, and to have them placed in charge of the medical officer in  attendance. Passing some hours after, I found
these men still in the ambulance, and, on inquiry, was informed that the surgeon had declined to receive them because they did
not belong to his regiment.  I requested the surgeon, who appeared at the door, to inform me why he had not taken the soldiers
into the hospital, when he commenced an explanation by stating that he considered his obligation to extend no further than to
his own regiment, and he was proceeding, in the most serious  and  emphatic manner, to justify his course, when I cut short his
argument by promptly ordering the removal of the  men  from the  ambulance,  and I remained  long enough to see that they
received the necessary attention.
      Assistant Surgeon Magruder and I made frequent visits  to all the hospitals, assisting in their organization and operations,
and helping to make the wounded as comfortable as our  means would admit.    This task we completed near midnight, and
completely worn  out with  fatigue, having  eaten  nothing  since  daylight, we  sallied out  to find our camp at headquarters,
wherever that might be.  In a strange country, on a dark and rainy night, without any information as to where the camp had
been removed  since morning, it seemed hopeless to seek  it.  Presuming it must be  somewhere in the rear, we rode in that
direction, and fortunately, after going a mile across the  fields,  towards a light, we stumbled upon the object oPour search.
      The 19th and 20th  of July were occupied in camp, waiting for the arrival of supplies.  We embraced the opportunity to
repair our ambulances, and again to visit the hospitals at Centreville.  Sensible of the want of additional medical supplies which
would be needed in  the event  of the expected battle, and knowing that the sympathy of the entire country had been aroused to
the importance of providing with tbe utmost liberality for our sick and wounded, I felt it my duty to make known our needs to
the Surgeon General, stating the circumstances in  which our army had been left, and the impossibility of bringing with us, for
want of  adequate transportation, a larger amount of  medical stores.  These points  I urged with earnestness, and expressed my
anxiety that nothing should be wanting on  my part to the fulfilment of the just  expectation of the country; and I requested
that everything should be sent, without  stint, that would be required by an army  in the field, and on  the eve of battle.   This
appeal was responded to.  I was infoi-med that  the needed supplies would be sent next day to Fairfax Station, seven miles
distant, the railroad having been repaired to that place.
      All our wounded in the Blackburn's Ford affair that  could be removed were  forwarded, on July 20th, in ambulances,
with a proper  escort, to  Fairfax Station, to be sent by rail to Alexandria, where I had established a hospital but a few days
 before, for the special purpose of receiving our sick and wounded.
      On the  night of the 20th, all  the division commanders were assembled  at headquarters, to arrange the plan of battle.
After receiving their orders, the council broke up, about 11th o'clock, P. M., with directions to take up the line of march to
 Bull Run, before daylight, by the various routes designated.
      The chances  of the battle to ensue next day were gravely discussed by tbe staff officers till a late hour of the  night.  All
 seemed deeply impressed with the magnitude of the  events that hung upon the success or defeat of our arms, and longed for the
moment when the suspense would be ended, as we hoped, in  a glorious victory.   It was late before I closed my eyes in sleep,
 as I could not help thinking of the strangeness of my position, and could, with  difficulty, realize that the army  of the Federal
 Government was menaced by another composed of our countrymen, the chief leaders of which I had been associated with for
 many years at a distant post,  and with  some of whom I had parted but a few weeks before in New Mexico.
      On the morning of July 21st,  1861, the  General  commanding, accompanied by his staff, passed, at daylight, through our
 columns, already moving in the  direction of Bull Run, until  he reached a point beyond Cub's Bridge, where a road inclined
 to the right, through a dense body of timber, and  crossed the run a short distance above Sedley Church.  Here we halted in
 the shade, as the day, even thus early, promised to be one of the hottest of the season.  While observing the troops passing, we
 discussed the prospects of the day before us.  I perceived that our troops marched at double quick, and some at a full run, while
 many, overcome by the heat, threw away their blankets and haversacks.   I expressed my opinion to the General, that owing to
 their rapid movement, the men would be exhausted  before they  arrived on the scene of action.  In this view he acquiesced, and
 directed the men not to run ;  but, as  the officers behind, from an  idea that great  haste was necessary, constantly repeated the
 command to close up, the troops were kept at a run  a great part of the way.  The weather was excessively hot, and, as one of
 the causes of the Bull Run failure, I  desire to record my belief that the exhaustion of our forces, by the long and forced march,
 contributed as much as anything else to the disasters of  the day.   The comparative freshness of the rebel troops gave them great
 and decided advantage.   It is often the case that on what may be termed little things, if there can be such in a battle, the fortune
 of war depends.  I  observed, on several occasions  where our men faltered, apparently, or did not pursue with vigor an advantage
gained, that it  was manifestly owing  to complete exhaustion,  rather than to any want of spirit or courage.  At one time, when
 a small body of troops was called upon by the General and staff to renew the attack,  I saw at a glance that their failure to do
so was from inability for  further exertion.   The spirit of these men  was willing, but the flesh was weak.
      After Colonel  Hunter's Division had filed along the  road on the right, as mentioned, General McDowell rode rapidly
ahead, crossing Bull  Run just as the advance of Hunter's column was  in the act of passing.  Advancing through the woods
about half a mile after crossing the creek,  we emerged into an  open field a short distance beyond Sedley Church.   At this
moment we were saluted with a volley of musketry and artillery by the enemy concealed in the woods on our left.  Fortunately,
the  bullets fell harmlessly, knocking up  the dust under  our  horses' feet, while the cannon  balls passed over our heads.
Immediately wheeling round, we had the first  view  of the rebel forces, in a long line  on  the slope of  a hill.   On the General's
remarking, there they are,  I beheld  the   array of  grey-coated soldiers wbo  were evidently watching us, and I became
impressed with a sense of that determined resistance to  federal authority on the part of the rebels that has since been manifested
so repeatedly.  Our troops now hurried forward, the  artillery was placed in  position, and  the action soon became general.
Desirous of seeing all that was going on, I accompanied the General in his visits to those places where the contest raged fiercest.
I was thus enabled  to give a comprehensive  supervision of  affairs connected with the medical department of the army, and to
see that the wounded were being attended to by the  regimental  officers.   I found the  medical officers, as a general  rule, on the 
4
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--FIRST  BULL  RUN.
 alert, and many performing their duties coolly under the fire of the enemy.  My impression at the commencement of the battle
 was, that there would be a brisk skirmish, and then the rebels would most probably fall back and take up a new position   I
 thought it would be a small task, therefore, to make out a list of the killed and wounded, and with notebook in hand I began to
 count the number of each.   It is a singular fact that I observed near one hundred dead  before one wounded!  Soon I became
 convinced that a most desperate engagement was at  hand, and I directed Assistant Surgeon Magruder, who had thus far
 remained at the headquarters, to proceed to Sedlej' Church, which was  near by, yet out of the line of fire, and  to prepare it
 and if necessary, a couple of houses close to the church, for the  reception of our wounded, and to send forward the ambu-
 lances as rapidly as  possible.  These orders were  promptly executed,  and the drivers brought their conveyances as close to
 the  points where the wounded were as the  nature of the  ground would permit.  Having my saddlebags well supplied with
 instruments,  dressings, and stimulants, I  found frequent occasion for their use in restraining haemorrhage,  and in relieving
 exhaustion and suffering on the spot where the wound was received.
       Twice  our men  drove the rebels  over the  crest of the hill, and victory seemed, for a brief period, to perch  upon our
 banners, and shouts of triumph went up as the General and  staff  rode  along our  lines, during a few brief moments, while the
 enemy's batteries seemed to have been silenced.   But this  exultation was of short duration: the  rebels again appeared and
 their artillery opened more  fiercely than ever.  Our men could not be  again rallied, from  sheer exhaustion mostly, I believe
 and we commenced slowly and sadly to retire.  As I followed General McDowell, and about six of the staff officers, to the right
 of the enemy, it did not occur to me that all was over and the battle was lost, until we had crossed the creek at five o'clock p. m.
 We then entered  a field, and dismounted.   Hardly had  we  alighted when some one exclaimed: " General, the enemy are upon
 us."  Turning to look, we saw the enemy not more than two hundred yards distant.   A cannon ball, that struck the ground a
 few paces from us,  informed us that we were observed; and, remounting hastily, we galloped across the  field, and our steeds
 leaping over  the fence into a dense  forest, we were  soon concealed.  Pushing our way as rapidly as possible through the thick
 undergrowth, without heeding scratches or blows, in the direction  of Centreville, and  avoiding all roads, we finally reached, at
 Cub Creek, the way  along which we  had marched in the morning, and arrived  at Centreville, tired and disappointed, near
 sundown.  Here  we waited for the coming of our straggling  troops.  After sending  them on in advance, followed by all the
 wagons, we left at half-past ten o'clock p.  m., for Fairfax, where we intended to remain till morning.
       The weather, for some time past, had  been excessively dry and hot, and the dust of the turnpike, between Centreville
 and Fairfax,  raised by our soldiers and wagons in passing,  floated  over  the road like a thick fog, and made it impossible to see
 for a distance of more than  ten paces.   In this passage, horse, foot, and vehicles were jammed  in great  confusion;  upturned
 wagons and their contents  blocked the way at short intervals, making it necessary for horsemen to leave  the road and return
 again in order to  go round tbe obstructions.   I may say it was one of the most unpleasant marches of the campaign, and so slow
 was our progress that we did not reach Fairfax, a distance  of only seven miles,  till two o'clock in the morning.  I soon became
 separated from the General and staff, until on nearing Fairfax, I recognized Major  Brown, one of the General's aids.  Finding
 we could see  nor hear anything of the  General, or any one to inform us of  the  plan of march, we lay down in a field close by
 till daylight.   As soon as morning dawned, we saddled our  horses, and finding the whole army on the march to Washington, we
 followed, overtaking the General on  the roadside, about seven miles from the city.  Fearing that the supplies which had been
 ordered  to Fairfax Station might fall into the hands of the  Confederates, I obtained permission from  General  McDowell to
 hasten forward to Washington to inform the Surgeon General, if not too late, to have them returned to Alexandria.  Fortunately
 there had been some delay, and, on inquiry, it was found that the supplies had not left the latter place.
       A report of Assistant Surgeon  Magruder, U. S.  A., as given below, in  regard to our wounded,  conveyed, during the
 action, to Sedley  Church, will show all that was done up to the time  of our defeat, and compelled  abandonment of the field.
 Our retreat from  the ground occupied, operated like a curtain to conceal from  view all  knowledge of the subsequent history
 of our  cases, or  the results of our ministrations.   So rigidly and effectually were all avenues closed by the rebels, that no
 attempt to obtain information met with any success.
      A few  days  after the battle, General Wadsworth, with a flag of truce, entered the enemy's lines to  bring away tin-
 remains of one or two  distinguished officers, and also  to  succor,  and, if possible,, to  remove  our wounded.   I, and  Assistant
 Surgeon Schell, U.  S. A., followed with thirty-nine ambulances, and arrived at midnight at Bailey's Cross Roads,  which was in
possession of our pickets, there to await the return of the General,  when Ave were to be informed of the result of his mission.
      At daylight next  morning, finding that he had not come back, T took  several ambulances and procured everything that I
thought would be required for Avounded men on the way, and hastened  back again to Bailey's Cross Roads.  Arriving in that
vicinity,  I met Dr. Schell with the remainder^f the ambulances, proceeding  back to Washington.  He informed me that General
McDowell had completely failed to obtain the permission desired, and that  the  enemy's cavalry having driven in our pickets,
he was fearful lest the ambulances, with their supplies, should be  captured.  All the knowledge gained was, that tbe wounded
would, probably, be removed to Richmond.  A few days after, I was ordered to  report for duty with  General Banks's Division,
and I therefore close this narrative.   I am aAvare that this medical history of the campaign is  very meagre;  yet, imperfect as it
is, it may serve as a record  of events not  supplied by other reports.
Arlington Hkichts, Virginia,
                      July 25«A, 1861.
      "Doctor :  In compliance with your wishes, expressed during a conversation this morning, I have the honor to submit the
folloAving very brief report in relation to the engagement at Bull Run:
      On the morning of  the 21st inst., as you are aware, I accompanied  General McDowell, as one of his staff, to the battle-
field, when I remained  Avith yourself and the other members of his staff, in close attendance upon the General, until ordered by 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL DIRECTOR  KING.
5
you as medical director, to go  in search of some house or houses, as near the field as possible, suitable to be  converted into
a hospital for the Avounded.  After only a short search, I found and took possession of a stone church, pleasantly situated in a
grove of  timber, directly on the side  and to the right of the road we had passed on advancing to the attack.  I then ordered
that the  ambulances should proceed to the field, as quickly as possible, to bring oft' the wounded to the  hospital, Avhich order
was executed very promptly.
     Upon taking possession of the church, I set men to Avork at removing the seats from the body of the church, with as little
iniury to them as practicable; had the floor covered with Avhat blankets could be found, buckets of water brought, instruments
and dressings placed in convenient places for use, an operating table improvised, and sent off men to the fields near by to bring
hay for bedding.  Very soon after  the Avork of fitting up the building had begun the ambulances  commenced returning from
the field  loaded with Avounded men.   In about  two hours  the church, both upon the  main floor and in the gallery, Avas com-
pletely filled, and I Avas obliged to take possession of three other unoccupied  buildings, which are situated about seventy-five
paces further down  and on the  opposite side of the road towards the creek.   So soon  as I could get them cleared out, wounded
men were carried into them  until they were filled  also.   For want of other  buildings, I Avas obliged  to order many of the
wounded to be laid under the trees, in the grove immediately around the church.
     As soon as I had established the hospitals, and the work of removing the wounded to them had  commenced, quite a
number of medical officers of different regiments came in, offered their services, and betook themselves immediately to work in
rendering all the assistance in their power.   Among those particularly distinguished, it affords me pleasure to mention the names
of Assistant Surgeons C. C. Gray, H. R. Silliman and G. M. Sternberg  of the medical corps of the  regular army, Surgeon  C.
Gray, llth  NeAV York Volunteers, Surgeon Foster Swift, and Assistant Surgeons Winston and De GraAV of the 8th Regiment New
York Militia. Several others also distinguished themselves in their assiduous attentions to the wounded, but, as their names
are unknown to me,  I am unable to mention them as I should wish to do.
     I had no opportunity to ascertain correctly the number of wounded brought to the hospitals, but think there could not
have been less than two hundred and fifty.
     Several capital operations Avere performed, and many of a minor character also, before the rush of the retreating columns
crowded the hospitals so  completely that work for the time being was suspended.
     After the retreat commenced, and it was found impossible to  carry  off  the Avounded, it became a question as to which  of
the medical gentlemen  present  would  remain to take care  of the wounded.   Assistant Surgeons  Gray and  Sternberg, of the
regular army, volunteered  to surrender themselves as prisoners, for the purpose of taking charge of the regular soldiers, and
Surgeon  Swift and Assistant Surgeons Winston and De Graw, of the 8th Regiment New York Militia, also gave themselves up
to attend the Avounded  of their regiment and others of the A'olunteer forces.   These gentlemen all staid at the hospital located by
me in accordance with  your order.
               I have  the honor to be, Doctor, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                                             D. r. MAGRUDER,"
Dr. W. S.  King,                                                                           Assistant Surf/eon  U. S. A.
     Medical Director, Department X.E. Virginia, Arlington Heights,  Va.
      The following very imperfect resume is added:
      1st. Our troops, in the action of July 18th, 1361, were exposed to the fire of artillery at long range.  In the battle on the
 21st of July.  1861, of Bull Run, the troops  Avere exposed to the fire  of artillery and musketry at long and short range.
 Duration of battle, seven hours.
      2d. The casualties of the action at Blackburn's Ford, July 13th, 1861, were as folloAVS, (approximately):
 Killed.........................................................................................................  10
 Wounded......................................................................................................  33

               Aggregate......................................................................................  43
 Three of the wounded died Avithin twenty-four hours after the reception of their wounds.  The Avounded in the above action Avere
 sent, on the evening of the 20th of July, in ambulances to Alexandria.
      3d. Many of the wounded of the Bull Run fight found their Avay to Alexandria, and accompanying our army in its retreat,
 were helped along to the hospitals in the vicinity of Washington; many Avho  gave out by the Avay, Avere  brought in the day
 folloAving in ambulances sent out for them.   I can form no idea of their number.   Immediately after the action, I directed the
 regimental medical officers to send in a report of the casualties of their respective regiments.
      As large numbers who were at first reported killed are found to have straggled only, a long time usually is required to
 obtain correct results after a battle. I was ordered  to join General Banks's division before the reports Avere received sufficient
 for an approximation even.  I must,  therefore, refer you to reports of General McDowell, or to Assistant Surgeon Magruder,
 U. S. A., who remained Avith the command.
     The wounded, during the action, were removed from such portions of the field as were accessible, to Sedley Church and
vicinity, as described in the report  of Assistant Surgeon Magruder.  The maps Avill shoAV the situation of this  church.
     I am unable to make any report as to  our wounded on the field in possession of the enemy, and have no knowledge as
to where they or those left in the hospital at Sedley Church and buildings near by, were removed.
     The report of the General commanding Avill show the strength of the command.
                                                                                               W. S. KING,
                                                                                       Surgeon and Medical Director. 
6                              APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--FIRST BULL RUN.
II.  lisport to  Gen. I.  McDowell, Commanding the Department of Northeast  Virginia  relative
      to the Operations  of the Medical Department at the Battle  of Bull  Run.   1)\ Suv-von
      \V.  IS. King, Medical Director.
                                                                     Arlington, Di.partmkxt  N.E.  Yikuinia,
                                                                                                   July 2M, lstii.
      Slit: Being chief of the medical staff serving with the army in  the department of Northeast Virginia, I have the honor
to make the following report of so much of the results of the action on the 21st, at Bull Run, as came within my charge   \*
the officers of the medical staff Avere attached to the  different regiments, and on  duty Avith  them, I deemed it proper to remain
with and accompany the general commanding  and  staff, from the beginning to the termination of the battle, in order that I
might be present if any Avere wounded, and also that I might be enabled to visit, in this Avay, every part of the field Avhere the
killed and  Avounded might he found.   After the action had fairly commenced, and the  Avounded  and dead were  lying on the
field in  every direction,  I dispatched Assistant Surgeon D. L. Magruder,  U. S. A., to the rear, with directions  to prepare a
church, which I had observed as Ave passed to the scene of action, for the reception of our wounded, and also to send the ambu-
lances forward, as rapidly as  possible, to pick up  the wounded and dead.   In a very few minutes the  ambulances made their
appearance, and  continued throughout the  day to visit every part  of  the ground-which Avas  accessible, in order to be within
reach of those parts of the field where the fighting was going on, and  Avounded  Avere to be found.   It is due  to the ambulance
drivers to say that they performed their duties efficiently, and the results of their operations also show Iioav absolutely necessary
these means of conveyance are to the comfort and  relief of the Avounded in giving them shelter and Avater, when they are ready
to perish with heat or thirst.  By means of the  ambulances, also, the men Avho go to the relief of their wounded comrades are
separated but a short time from their companies, as, having  deposited them  in the ambulances, they can return to their proper
positions.   As the general commanding visited almost every part of the ground  during the conflict, Avith a view to eneouwe
or direct the movements of the troops, my position, as a member of his staff, gave me  eATery  opportunity  of seeing the results of
the action.   I therefore embraced the opportunity  thus offered to give directions, Avhen  needed, to the drivers of ambulances,
where to find the dead and Avounded, and also to those carrying off the Avounded, where they could find the needed conveyances.
The stretchers were found very useful and comfortable to the wounded, and Avere in constant requisition in carrying them to the
nearest ambulances.   So far as I am informed, the medical staffs belonging to the different volunteer regiments discharged their
duties satisfactorily.   I observed Acting Assistant  Surgeon Miles busily engaged in dressing wounded men under the shade of
a tree in a  part of the field Avhere the fire from the enemy was very hot.   He addressed me a brief inquiry as I  passed relative ty
the safety of his father, and then resumed his occupation. Surgeon C. C.  Keeney, U. S. A., of Col. Hunter's division, and Assistant
Surgeon D. L. Magruder, U.  S. A., attached to the commanding general's staff, did good service in the  hospital church I have
mentioned, and also  in two houses near the'church where the Avounded Avere placed after the church had been filled.  These
officers remained busily engaged in their duties until the enemy's cavalry made their appearance, and but narrowly escaped cap-
ture Avhen they left.  Drs. Swift and Winston, attached to the Eighth New York, remained with their sick, sacrificing all selfish
considerations for their own safety, in order that the  wounded might not be  neglected, and  are now prisoners.  I am informed
that Assistant Surgeons Gray and Sternberg, of the regular army, and Drs. Homiston and SAvalm, of the  Fourteenth New York,
also preferred to remain  rather than abandon their  charge; the conduct of these officers is worthy of all commendation.  It
Avould be  premature in me, in the absence  of sufficient data, the reports of  the regimental  surgeons not yet being received, to
express a positive  opinion as to the number killed and wounded in the action of the 21st; there  were, no  doubt, many concealed
from observation under cover of the Avoods and bushes ; but, judging from  the number I saw in various parts of the field, and
alloAving a  Avide margin for those unobserved, I should think that  the killed and Avounded, on our  side, did not exceed from
eight hundred to one thousand.   The impossibility of making a careful  survey of the field, after the  battle had ceased, must be
my apology for the brevity and Avant of detail in this report.   It may not be amiss to mention that I met on the field Col. Heiut-
zelman, U.  S. A.,  Avith  a Minie ball in his arm.   I  extracted  the ball as he sat on  his horse, and applied the necessary dressings;
he could  not be  persuaded to leaA-e  his command.   As I carried  with me a case of instruments and a supply of dressings, I
atteuded to a number of cases on the field, Avhere, from haemorrhage and other circumstances, immediate attention seemed to be
necessary.
                          I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                                   (Signed)      W.  S. KING,
                                                                                       Surgeon and Medical Director.
Captain J.  B. Fry,
    Assistant Adjutant General, TJ. S. A.
III.  Extract from a Report of Services at the First Battle of Bull Run.   By Assistant Surgeon
      C. C. Gray, U. S. Army.
      *  *  *  1 left Arlington on July 16th, 1361, with the advance of the  army upon Manassas, having the medical care of
five companies of regular cavalry, commanded by Major I.  N.  Palmer, U. S. A.  Nothing of interest transpired until the 13th,
when a fight took place at Blackburn's Ford betAveen a reconnoitering force under General Tyler and a Confederate force under
the immediate command of General Bonham, of South Carolina.  This affair  lasted for about three hours.  Our fire avus prin-
cipally from artillery.  Supplies for the Avounded on the field Avere sufficient.  There was, however, difficulty in  obtaining
water.  The wounded Avere immediately removed to Centreville, ambulance wagons being sent forward for the purpose.  The
wounds were chiefly from small arms loaded with round balls.   I saw no operations performed on the field; but several ampu-
tations were made at Centreville.  Our loss was, I think,  about fifty killed and wounded.  The Confederate loss, 1 subsequently
learned, was sixty-eight.   Our forces were reproached by the Confederates for having fired upon a hospital situated about a mde 
Plate I.
_ Appendix: to PartI,Med.&. Surg. History- of the Rebellion.
                     MAP

                     OF THE



  REGION around  MANASSAS.


                      T  if  ft ft   Statute Mvi*L,
  /bXp/euiutlomr:       I   I  I  I   I          -fe-



r JPieltl ffoj?pi(a--lJf •
■f.Bien PhotoJith. 
 
                                 REPORT  OF  ASSISTANT  SURGEON  GRAY.                                 7

from our advanced battery.  No damage Avas done, I believe, and the firing was from ignorance of the meaning of the flag flying
over the hospital.  I knoAV this to be true, as I was  standing by the officer avIio sighted the piece.   My attention, during
the engagement,  Avas mainly directed to the removal  of  Avounded from the field.  I performed no  operations.   The only
case of interest under my immediate  care Avas that of Lieutenant Lorraine, '.Id U. S. Artillery, shot through the tarsus, by a
musket ball.  There Avas profuse and  troublesome primary haemorrhage in this case.   On Sunday, July 21st, the army moved
upon the rebel position.  I Avas attached to Colonel Porter's Brigade of General Hunter's Division.   We made a long detour to
the right, turned the enemy's left, and became engaged about noon.  The cavalry not being brought into action, I  left them, by
permission, and gave  assistance to the Avounded of Colonel Burnside's Brigade,  immediately in advance of us, and suffering
severely.  FeAv ambulances could come up, and our attentions  consisted chiefly in  conveying the injured men into the shade,
living them A\rater, extracting balls, etc.  About two in the afternoon, I received an order from Assistant Surgeon Magruder,
U. S. A., to report immediately at Sedley Church, a  small building surrounded by farm houses, about half a mile in the rear of
Bull Run.  Here was the principal depot for Avounded.  I remained here till the retreat commenced, about five in the afternoon.
At that time not more than a tenth of  the Avounded  had received attention, and  I  determined to remain, if practicable.  I sug-
gested this to Dr. Magruder, and received his permission.  After our retreating column had passed this hospital, I Avent out to
meet the advance of the rebels, to explain the nature of the duties on which my companions  and I Avere  engaged, and to ask
permission to continue them unmolested, for shot Avere beginning to fly near the hospital.   The officer to whom I surrendered,
a lieutenant of Virginia cavalry, was an unreasonable man,  and Avould neither permit me to return to our Avounded, nor promise
any protection to our hospital. I Avas compelled to accompany his party to Manassas Junction, eight miles distant, which place we
reached about ten at night, when I Avas turned over to the chief medical officer, Dr. Gaston, of South  Carolina.   Observing my
exhausted condition, he obtained permission for me to sleep on  the floor of a Confederate hospital.  In the morning, he sent me,
with Dr. Lewis, of the Wisconsin Volunteers, Avith  a captured  two-Avheeled ambulance of the Coolidge  pattern, to assist in
collecting and caring for our Avounded on the field.  It Avas raining, and, on reaching the battle-ground, we found these unfor-
tunates suffering much from  cold.   We soon  found that many must perish before Ave could possibly remove them, and, accord-
ingly, we Avere obliged to select such for immediate removal as it seemed po'ssible to save by treatment and shelter.   We were
told to seek that shelter for ourselves,  and Ave bore most of the  patients to a farm house called the LeAvis House, already nearly
full of rebel wounded.   Here Ave found Colonel Wilcox and Captain Ricketts, severely wounded.  The house and outbuildings
were soon packed Avith wounded, and  still many were left on the field, and numbers doubtless died for want of timely assistance.
We Avere unable to operate in many cases urgently requiring, as our instruments had been taken from us.  We suffered much for
want of food, Avater, and blankets.  For the first, we Avere  dependent upon the precarious bounty  of our enemies, themselves
short of provisions, and upon tbe knapsacks of the dead; for the second, upon a small muddy spring half mile distant, a broken
pitcher being our best means of transportation.  We had blankets for but five  or  six men.   We found a large supply of linen
in a chest of drawers, and turned it to account for dressings.  The amputations performed were, with one exception, done by
Dr. Darby, of Hampton's South Carolina Legion.  Dr. Darby  Avas \-ery kind, and, I believe, did his  best to alleviate our situa-
tion.  Our instructions Avere to forAvard the patients  to Manassas, as fast  as possible, for removal to Richmond; and a peculiar
 vehicle, knoAvn as a Virginia wagon, and eminently adapted for an instrument of torture, called daily to take such as could be
moved.  In a Aveek, all of our surviving patients, excepting the two  officers, Colonel Wilcox and Captain Ricketts, had been
sent to Manassas Junction, and, on Sunday, July 28th, I accompanied the last load to that depot. At Manassas, I met Surgeon
Thomas H. Williams, medical director of General Beauregard's army, and was informed by him  that I should remain at the
Station, and assist in placing our wounded, as they arrived, upon the cars destined to transport them to Richmond.  During  the
few days that I Avas thus employed, I Avitnessed suffering which I shuddsr to remember.  Our wounded arriving from the field,
from which they came crowded in rough army wagons, and under a scorching sun, had to be thrust into freight cars, in Avhich
they were obliged to lie on the bare floor.  Often they had  been a Avhole day without  food, and time was  barely allowed us to
furnish them  with water.  These railroad trains, having no right of track, were sometimes two days in  reaching Richmond.
Numbers died on the road.   I do not think that Surgeon Williams was responsible for this state of affairs; nor am I certain that it
could have been entirely avoided.  I proceeded to Richmond on a train with Colonel Wilcox and about sixty Avounded privates.
Two of the latter  died, exhausted, before reaching the end of the journey, the trip taking twenty-four hours; neither food, Avater,
nor medicine, were provided.  At Richmond, I was sent by General Winder to assist in the treatment of  our wounded at  the
tobacco Avarehouse  hospital, now become historical  and infamous, at which place I remained, with  some eight or ten federal
surgeons, till the 10th of September, when, an order  having been issued to send South all field and regular officers able to travel,
I was included in a party of thirty-three officers and about one hundred privates,  to go to Fort Pinckney,  Charleston harbor.
At  the battle of Bull Bun, our medical supplies were  good, but inaccessible.   Ti.e  rebels had few of their own. and did  not
make a very judicious use of what they captured.  The greater number of our Avounded were  injured by round musket balls.
The wounds inflicted  on the Confederates were of a graver character, a large proportion  of them being from conoidal rifle
balls and canister shot.  I saAV no cases of excisions; amputations prevailed, and, as a rule,  resulted badly.  I learned of no
deaths from chloroform, the anaesthetic generally employed.  I do not  think that the number of our Avounded reached one
thousand.  Although  circumstances apparently favored the development of tetanus, no cases Avere observed.  Gunshot fractures
of the thigh were particularly fatal,  whether amputated or treated conservatively.  Cases Avere about equally divided betAveen
the two methods of treatment.   I saAV about twelve treated conservatively; one only survived.   In penetration of a single lung,
the results  Avere favorable, half recovering.   I saw no cases of erysipelas or gangrene.  At Richmond, our Avounded, except
those that Avere crowded, Avere as Avell cared  for as could have been expected.  The feAV medicines we needed were at command.
H ater Avas abundant,  a bath tub on each floor; dressings  Avere, generally, plentiful;  and food, though  coarse and lacking in
variety, was supplied in sufficient quantity."
     [Assistant  Surgeon  Gray then recounts the circumstances attending his incarceration in Richmond, Charleston, Columbia,
and Salisbury, and his release on July 28th, 1852, and then resumes the relation of his surgical experiences.  The latter part of
his report Avill be printed in connection Avith documents relating to the  battle of Antietam.] 
 8                             APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—FIRST BULL  RUN.

 IV.  Extract from a Report on the Duties assigned to him, from the Outbreak of the Rebellion
              till May 1st, 1863.   By Assistant Surgeon G. M. Sternberg, U. S.  Army.

      *  *  *  "I was ordered to report for duty with five companies of the Third United States Infantry, two companies of Hip
 Second Infantry, and one company of the Eighth Infantry, forming a battalion under the command of Captain ('<. Svkes, U. S \
 *  *  *  This battalion of regulars Avas attached to the division of Colonel D. Hunter, U. S. A.,  and took up the line of march
 at daybreak on the 21st  of July.  After proceeding some distance beyond Centreville, a road to the right was  taken, which
 folloAved through open fields and Avoods for about  ten miles, brought the head of the column to Bull Run at a point above the
 enemy's position.   The stream was forded, and the column proceeded at double-quick toAvards the field of action.  The battalion
 of regulars Avas soon engaged;  the enemy was  driven  some distance, and many of their dead and Avounded were left on the
 ground.  The fight continued until between  three and four o'clock in the afternoon, when our troops began to give way, and
 Avere soon in full retreat. *   *  *   I followed  the retreating army as far as Sedley Church, Avhere I found nearly three hun-
 dred of our wounded,  and determined to remain.   Several  medical officers of volunteer regiments also remained at this place.
 We at once  raised a white flag,  and commenced doing what we could for the wounded.  Shortly after tbe last of our troops
 passed the church, a company of the  enemy's cavalry rode up and took possession.  The following morning a cold rain com-
 menced, which continued almost Avithout intermission for tAvo days.  The church Avould not holuVall of our Avounded. and many
 were lying around in front of it.  I obtained a detail  of men from the  commander  of the cavalry troop to erect a shelter.  AV«
made a frame about thirty feet in length by twenty in Avidth, and  covered it Avith rubber blankets, great numbers  of which had
been left on the road by  tbe men in their retreat.  A number of capital operations were performed at the church,  but, owing to
the Avant of food and stimulants,  and to the  unfavorable circumstances under which the men  Avere placed, most of these eases
terminated fatally within twenty-four hours.  On  Monday, July 22d, a small quantity of corn meal Avas obtained from a house
near the church, and some gruel was made.   A  cup of this was given to nearly every man, and this was all the  food we Avere
able to obtain for  them till Monday evening, when all the medical officers  were taken from Sedley Church to Manassas.   How
the Avounded fared after  Ave were  taken from them*I do not knoAV.   At Manassas we were lodged  in a barn with some thirty or
forty  other prisoners, officers and privates, under guard.  On Tuesday, all but three of our number took a parole not to serve
 again during the Avar.  Those of us who refused to take  this  parole, were shortly after allowed to go out and attend our wounded,
 upon giving a parole not to attempt  to  escape for five days.   I  found a large number of wounded lying under a shed by the
 railroad depot, and more were  constantly brought in from the field.  On July 25th, I Avas sent to Centreville, where I found a
 number of men who were Avounded at the affair at Blackburn's Ford.  They were generally doing well. On Sunday evening,
 the 28th July,  my parole having expired the evening before, and a favorable opportunity  offering, I made my escape from Cen-
 treville, and, after a tedious tramp, arrived in Washington on the following Tuesday, July 30th, 1861, footsore and weary."  * * *
      [Other  extracts from Assistant  Surgeon  Sternberg's report Avill  be printed  in connection with the  reports on  the
 Peninsular campaign.]
   V. Extract from a Narrative of Services.   By Surgeon Zenas E. Bliss, U.  S.  Volunteers.
      *  *  *  it rpne skirmishers of General Richardson's Brigade engaged the enemy at Blackburn's Ford, about noon, on
July 18th, 1861.   *   *   *  The first Avounded Avere taken to a ravine a little to the left of the position of the Federal battery;
but this place becoming too hot, the surgeon and his assistants retired to a point two hundred yards to the left and rear.
There Avas  a great  scarcity of Avater.   After primary dressing, the wounded were  conveyed to  Centreville, about two miles
distant."    *    *    *
VI.  Extract from a Narrative of Services.   By Assistant Surgeon  C. S. De Graw, U. S. Army.
      *  *  *  " 1 had the position of assistant surgeon to the Eighth NeAV York State Militia.   *  *  *   On the memorable
21st of July, my regiment went into action about the middle of the forenoon.  *  *  *  In following it to the field, I entered a
thicket in which lay a large number of wounded, with only an assistant surgeon of the 71st NeAV York Infantry attending them.
As he had more than he could possibly care for by himself, I remained to assist him.  Here many Avounded were brought us,
who Avere temporarily dressed and fonvarded to the hospital at Sedley Church.  About the middle of the afternoon, I placed a
severely Avounded man of my regiment in an ambulance and accompanied  him to the division hospital.  Here I was detaded as
an assistant.  In the course of an hour I observed large bodies of troops passing in a disorderly, hurried manner. The question
immediately arose among the surgeons whether we should remain to take care of the wounded.  After deliberation, some medical
officers decided to join the retreat. Surgeon Stewart, 1st Minnesota, Sergeant Peugnet, 71st New York, Surgeon Swift, Assistant
Surgeon Winston and myself, of the 8th NeAV York, and a number of others, decided to remain, and proceeded in the discharge
of our duties.   ■■■  *  *   About dusk, a detachment of cavalry, under  command of Lieutenant Cameron, surrounded the church.
We were ordered to report to this officer.  Upon  doing  so, Ave were  informed  that we were to consider ourselves prisoners  of
Avar to the army of the Confederate States of America.  We Avere then requested to give our parole not to attempt an escape.
Upon doing so, Ave were allowed to proceed Avith  our duties, each surgeon  being alloAved to choose one from among the prisoners
as an  attendant.  On Monday, July 22d, an  order arrived  transferring us  to Manassas.  We reached the Junction at midnight,
and were informed that a mistake had been made, and that no order had been issued taking us from the wounded.  The circum-
stances of the case rendered  this statement rather doubtful.  On July  23d,  Col  Preston, of Gen. Beauregard's staff, came 
EXTRACTS FROM REPORTS  OF  MEDICAL  OFFICERS.                         9
to us bringing a parole for us to sign:   *   *   Upon asking if Ave would be allowed to return to our hospital to attend to our
wounded if we did not sign this parole, we Avere emphatically answered in the negative.  Many of the medical officers captured
at Sedley Church then signed the  parole, and Avere immediately returned to  the hospital.   A heavy rain had prevailed during
our absence, and the wounded had suffered greatly, having had no surgical attendance.  On July 25th, the Confederate authori-
ties ordered that the wounded should be conveyed, as rapidly as possible,  to Richmond and other points where general hospitals
had been established.  There was such haste in transportation, that many died in transit. The wounded being all removed by
August 2d, Ave ourselves Avere transferred to Manassas Junction to be sent to Richmond. Gen. Beauregard forwarded with us
a request to the Confederate Secretary of War that Ave should be sent home as soon as our services were no longer required,
inasmuch as we were non-combatants and had given ourselves up voluntarily  for the purpose of attending our  wounded.  Upon
our arrival in Richmond Ave Avere  ordered by the Secretary of War to find quarters until  our cases were  decided upon.  On
August 10th, we  Avere ordered to report immediately to  Gen. Winder,  commanding the post,  to be sent  home the next day.
From Gen. Winder Ave received a copy of a parole, witnessed by himself.   On August 11th, we were sent to Fort Monroe under
flaw of truce.   *   *   At Sedley Church hospital we had a plentiful supply of water, there  being a good spring close by.
For the first day or two, food and  soups Avere very much  needed, inasmuch  as Ave had no means of supplying ourselves.  By
that time, some of the inhabitants of the  surrounding country, recognizing  our wants, began bringing soup, chickens, eggs,
milk, butter,  etc.,  so that, considering the circumstances, the  wounded fared quite well.  There being  some  two hundred
wounded at this hospital, for Avant of room in the buildings, many were necessarily exposed for  a day or two.   OAving to the
surgeons being removed to Manassas Junction the day after the battle, the exposure was protracted longer than it Avould other-
wise have been.   Immediately after our return, we made shelter for those exposed, using blankets, overcoats, and  whatever else
wasattainable that Avould serve our purpose.  The heat Avas intense, and  the men suffered excessively therefrom."  *    *    *
VIL   Extract from a Report of his  Medical Services.   By Assistant Surgeon W. W. Keen, jr.,
     Fifth Massachusetts Volunteers.

     *  *  *  "The 5th Massachusetts infantry left Alexandria, on July 16th, 1861, in the brigade of Colonel A. E. Burnside.
Our supply of medical stores Avas amply sufficient;  but Ave had no means of transporting them, and they had to be left in the
teams of the quartermaster to be forwarded from Alexandria.   The first hospital I was at during the battle, Avas at a spring, about
half a mile beyond Sedley Church, near Avhich our brigade crossedJBull Run.  Here Ave bad instruments and dressings, water,
and a canteen of brandy.  AfterAvards, I Avent, by order, to the church.  Our drum corps was with the ambulances in the field,
and, so far as I know, there was no other detail made to attend to the fatigue duties at this hospital,- such as removing wounded,
preparing food, bringing water, etc.  I left this hospital betAveen four and five o'clock in the afternoon, on the approach of the
Confederates, with Colonel Lawrence, Avho  was Avounded   The wounded Avere exposed that night to  rain; but it  was not
uncomfortably cold.  The operations I saAV Avere all amputations or  extractions of balls, but the main thing done was to apply
primary water dressings.  There were many cases Avhere simple cerate was unwisely used.  It is proper to state, in extenuation
of the faults observed,, that they were mostly, in my opinion, due to the utter lack of experience on the part of medical officers,
and I would by no means exclude myself,, of both the mode of obtaining supplies and the proper persons to apply to.  In
time of peace and  order it is difficult, at first, to understand the forms of the regulations; but in the excitement of such times as
July, 1861, and in the urgency of battle, with no  books at command among officers, to most of whom army regulations were a
myth, many defects may be excused.  Comparing the present admirable regulations, what progress is exhibited and what credit
reflected on the wise, humane, and energetic men Avho have brought such order and system out of chaos and confusion !"
VEI.   Extract from Report of Services  after the First Battle of  Bull Run.   By Assistant
     Surgeon Charles R. Greenleaf, U. S. A.
     *  *  *   "After  the first battle of Bull Run I was detailed to>ing the wounded to the hospitals in Washington.  A
number had received no surgical care, and the great majority had been  exposed to heavy rain.  Ambulances being placed at
ray disposal by Colonel  D. H. Rucker, Quartermaster, U. S. A., the wounded were removed to the Union Hotel Hospital, at
Georgetown, and to the Columbian College, E Street, C Street, and Liberty Hall Hospitals,  Washington.  Wounded prisoners
were conveyed to the hospital of the Old  Capitol Prison, an hospital of which I  then had tbe immediate charge.  The  number
of Avounded whose removal I supervised was about two hundred."
IX.  Extract from a Narrative of Services from the Commencement of the Rebellion  till July
     Uth, 1863.   By Surgeon H.  P. Stearns,  IT.  S.  Volunteers.
     *  *  *   "I received, April 18th, 1861, a commission as Surgeon of the 1st Connecticut Volunteers, ColonelID. Tyler,
commanding, to serve for the period of three months.  The regiment was mustered out of service m August Avithout the death
of any person connected  Avith it.   *   *  In the early part of June the regiment received orders to proceed to Virginia, and,
Boon after, to the advance of the army, remaining at Falls Church till the movement of the army to Centreville and Bull Run
During the first two days, the 1st and 2d Connecticut led the advance under  command of Colonel E. D. Keyes, U. b. A.   At
       2 
10
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--BALLS  BLUFF.
the battle of Bull Run, the 1st Connecticut was in the reserve, and received orders to advance to the field at ten in the for-
After it had advanced about one mile, I selected a house to be used as an hospital, and hoisted the hospital flag, and gaveord
to the musicians of the band, Avho had been detailed for that purpose, to follow the regiment and brin_; the wounded to tl
hospital.   The  regiment  Avas not hotly  engaged during the day, and consequently only a feAV were slightly wounded  Tl •
morale and general condition of the regiment Avas as good as could be expected of any troops avIio had seen so little serv' ■•
and the time of Avhose enlistment expired upon the day  of the battle.   Their approximate strength was between 600 and Ton'
The supplies of medicines and  hospital stores Avere  ample.   There Avas one four-Avheeled two-horse ambulance, no hosnit' 1
tent, and but two ordinary wall tents for hospital uses.  I cannot give  the precise location of the house chosen bv me   It w'
not within the range of the enemy's guns, and had four rooms.   Water was abundant, but Ave had no soups, and no food  during
the time I remained upon the field, except such as was in the knapsacks.  The Avounded in my regiment were so slightly
injured that they Avalked from the field.   The wounds were in the  upper extremities.  The wounded of other regiments who
were brought for care to the  hospital established by me, were generally borne upon blankets fastened to poles, as the nature of
the ground was such that they could not  be  conveyed in ambulances.   The  regiment Avas  upon  the field about five and a half
hours.  The Avounded Avere taken care of by me until the regiment was mustered out of service. No operations were required
except the amputation of one finger, for those Avounded in my regiment. Chloroform Avas  given sufficiently to quiet pain in the
extraction of balls.  There Avere no  deaths.   The number of wounded  was  about eight or ten."       *      *       *
      [Other extracts from the narrative of Surgeon Stearns will be printed with documents relating to the western campaigns.]
X.  Extract from a Report of Services from April, 180 L, to June, 1863.   By Surgeon'C. F. II.
      Campbell, U. S. Volunteers.
      *   *   *  "On the 17th of April, 1861, I left Philadelphia, with the 2 5d Pennsylvania Volunteers, as assistant surgeon.
*   *   On the 2d of July, the Avhole army, under Major General Patterson, advanced across the  Potomac river at Williams-
port, Maryland.  *   *  The enemy Avere reported to be in force, a few miles to our front, to resist our advance on Martinshurg.
Upon advancing about three  miles, to a place called Hainesville, or Falling Waters, they opened upon us with  artillery and
musketry, and thus Avas the first action  of  the Avar in Northern Virginia initiated.  The enemy, in line of battle, tAvo thousand
seven hundred strong, were under Col. T. J. Jackson, the celebrated  " Stonewall" of later fame,  while our advance brigade,
Colonel George H. Thomas, 2d U. S. Cavalry, commanding, numbered about two thousand men of all arms.  The action was
sharp and vigorous for about one hour, Avhen  the  enemy  broke and retreated in confusion, pursued by our cavalry.  The
casualties attending this skirmish did not amount to more than eight men killed and fifteen wounded.  * *  A small house on
the roadside, contiguous to the field, Avas converted into a temporary hospital,  Avhere the wounded Avere received.  The wounds
Avere all from gunshot, and principally of the loAver extremities, produced by round musket  balls, buckshot, and, in one or two
instances, by sphero-conical balls, fired at a range of from sixty to two hundred or three hundred yards.  These wounds were,
in no instance which presented itself to the  Avriter, of a necessarily fatal character.  As fast as the facilities of ambulance trans-
portation offered, these men were removed  to  the general hospital at Hagerstown, Maryland, arrangements for their reception
having been carefully provided by Surgeon  C. S. Tripler, U. S. A., medical director of the army."      *      *
XI.  Extracts from Reports  of the  Wounded  at the Engagement at BalVs  Bluff,  Virginia,
        October Zlst, 1861.   By Surgeon A. B.  Crosby, U. S. Volunteers.
             *   " Early in the day, anticipating an action, I ordered forty-two fresh beds made in the brigade hospital, at the
time nearly completed, and took possession of two large halls in town, and caused them to be abundantly supplied Avith fresh
straw.  An ambulance train Avas ordered to Edwards's Ferry, and another to Conrad's Ferry, to await orders;  it being doubtful
where the engagement might occur.
      I took  a position with General Stone, on a height near Edwards's Ferry.  The engagement took place on a bluff, opposite
Harrison's Island, between the two ferries, probably four miles above Edwards's, and a mile and a half beloAV Conrad's.  When
it became  evident that an  engagement was taking place, I asked permission of General Stone to repair to the scene, and was
ordered to do so at once.  Brigade Surgeon Bryant accompanied me.  We arrived when the retreat had fairly commenced, and
each boat, coming from the island, brought Avounded men.  A house and barn on the island were used as a hospital, Avhere the
severer  injuries  were cared for.  The  difficulties in the way  of getting off the Avounded were  A-ery great.  They  were to he
transported from the Virginia shore to the island, thence to the main land, Avhere they Avere landed on the tow-path of the canal.
The toAv-path Avas entirely filled with artillery, and, unfortunately, the regimental  ambulances had been taken across the canal
on to the bank of the river  by a flat boat, which was afterwards put into  the  river to transport troops, so that they were
rendered useless.
      Requesting Brigade Surgeon Bryant to stop the wounded at the point where  they crossed, and a skiff being discovered
further down  the canal, I ordered the Avounded to be put across the canal as rapidly as possible.   Pushing my horse by the
artillery to Conrad's Ferry, I  went through an arch  under the canal, and ordered  the  ambulance train there to take down the
fences and to  drive to the point Avhere the Avounded Avere being put across the canal.  It Avas noAv quite dark, but  Ave were so
fortunate as to find  two barns about a mile from this point.  These  Avere rapidly cleared, and the floors were covered with
straw.   I ordered fires to be  lighted  along the path through  the Avoods  as a guide to the ambulances, and, returning to the
canal, ordered Assistant Surgeons Fassard and McNiel, to repair to the barns and receive the wounded.  Then crossing on to
the island, I found Brigade Sur.eons Bryant and Lidell together with Surgeon Hayward and Assistant Surgeon Haven.  These 
                                  REPORT OF  SURGEON  A.  B   CROSBY.                                11

gentlemen were untiring in their relief of the Avounded, and in  supervising their subsequent removal.   Directions were given
that all the Avounded on the island should be removed and transported by canal boat to Edwards's Ferry during the night, and
thence, by ambulances, to Poolesville.  Returning to the barns I busied myself with the Avounded, and promising to send an
ambulance train early the next morning to remove them to Poolesville, I returned to headquarters in season to receive the first
wounded that arrived, and, by six  o'clock A. M., commenced  performing the necessary operations at  the Brigade Hospital.
Surgeon Osborne and some other surgeons, whose names I am not familiar with, did good service at Conrad's Ferry and other
points.
      I have already furnished General Stone Avith an official list of one hundred and sixty wounded, and there are, undoubt-
edly, more in private houses, and among those avIio have straggled.   Of these, about a hundred are provided for here, and the
remainder in their regimental hospitals.
      It is greatly to the credit of the surgeons that there were  few amputations;  I think not  more than  ten  in all.  Most ot
the balls have been removed.  None have died Avho  underwent amputation, and only five or six since the wounded Avere  first
dressed.  There Avas, with very few exceptions, an entire absence of shock, and the men are now well cared for and cheerful.
Most of the wounds Avere about the  shoulders or the extremities.  Thus far the Avounds are looking healthy, and, apparently,
very feAV secondary operations will be necessary.  It is believed that, almost Avithout  exception, the wounded Avere covered,
and their wounds well dressed, within the first four  and twenty hours.        *      *      *
      The advantage of a drilled ambulance corps, short as our drill in that respect has been, was very observable, and the
ambulance trains did their work well.   *       *      *
      Pardon the hasty and desultory character of this communication."
     *  *  " The Avhole number comprised in the list of wounded is one hundred and sixty-nine.  The folloAving rough table
gives the number of Avounds in the different regions of the body:
    Wounds of the Head and  Face..................93
      •"    "  "Neck......................<____  4
      "    "  "Chest...........................10
Abdomen........................15
Wounds of the Hip............................11
   "    "   "  Thigh..........................32
   "    "   "  Knee..........................  7
        "   "  Leg............................14
Back...........................  5            "        "  Ankle..........................  7
Shoulder........................18
Arm............................26
ElboAV..........................  4
Wrist...........................  4
Hand...........................  9
                                                                 "    "  "  Foot............................  10
                                                                      "  "  Testicle........................   1
                                                              Deaths since the engagement....................12
                                                              Compound fractures............................   4
                                                              Large amputations.............................   8
       Under wounds of the chest, several Avounds of the lungs are included.   None of these cases have proved fatal,  and all
 now bid fair for recovery.  Veratrum viride has been freely exhibited in these cases, and the pulse  thoroughly controlled.  In
 the most interesting of these cases the ball  entered above the nipple, and, passing doAvnward and imvard, fractured a rib and
 lodged in  the left lung.  A good deal of gangrenous matter  discharged from day to  day, and, on the tenth day, secondary
 haemorrhage occurred from the  external mammary artery.  As the vessel  could not be reached, the Avound Avas plugged Avith
 persulphate  of iron.  In four da\ s suppuration brought away the plug Avithout any reneAval of haemorrhage.  The  patient
 breathes very little yvith the left lung, but is improving.
       All the wounds of the abdomen which penetrated the cavity, some four or five, proved fatal.  From two men I removed,
 within twenty-four hours, conical balls, Avhich had passed through the back and lodged in the abdominal wall.  In  both cases
 pus followed the knife, and they died in a feAV hours.  One man Avas wounded through the liver and diaphragm.  He was
 troubled Avith constant  hiccough, became very yellow, and died of peritonitis on the sixth day.   The remaining cases proved
 fatal in the same way.   In all these cases opium Avas exhibited very freely.
       The wounds of the shoulders Avere, generally, not  severe.  The case of most interest was one where a conical musket
 ball struck the scapula beneath the  spine, shattering the bone, and,  apparently, bruising the axillary artery; it passed out
 anteriorly.   On the tenth day, secondary haemorrhage occurred from the subscapular artery, which, as it could not be secured,
 the Avound was plugged Avith a styptic.   Three days afterwards, the haemorrhage recurred moderately.  In two  days more, the
 axillary artery lost two  inches by a slough, and the man died.  Tne  Avounds of the arms are,  many of them, flesh wounds,
 and are doing finely.  Two are complicated Avith fractures of the  fore-arm, and two with fractures of the humerus.  In two
 instances balls passed through the elbow-joint.  Lieutenant Colonel Wistar had a ball to pass through the joint, knocking off a
 portion of the olecranon.  For fourteen  days there was no sign of disturbance about the wound.   At the end  of which time
 severe  inflammation was lighted up, under Avhich he is still suffering.   The Avounds of the hands Avere generally not severe; a
 few fingers were lost;  but no operations of moment Avere necessary in this region.  The hip and thigh  were the  seat generally
 of flesh Avounds, and are doing Avell.   One case  is,  however, worthy of mention : a private, shot in the neck, was making his
 way to the hospital on  the island, when a ball  struck his bayonet, in the sheath by his side, was flattened somewhat, and
 entered the posterior  surface of the left thigh, passing downward and forward in the middle line of the  limb.  On the third
 day the biceps muscle took on a spasmodic action; two days afterAvards the extensor muscles became rigidly contracted.  By
 the most careful examinations, I could get no trace of the ball.  The tetanic spasm gradually affected all portions of the body.
 One night, at midnight,  the respiratory muscles became rigidly contracted, and before they relaxed the man died.  An autopsy
 showed that the ball had split the great sciatic nerve, leaving a slit an  inch and a half long, and  then, striking the femur, had
glanced doAvnwards betAveen one and two inches entirely away from the nerve.
     Of the Avounds of the knee, only two penetrated the joint; one of these I amputated  above the  knee, and the patient is
making a most rapid recovery.  In the other case, I advised amputation, but was overruled.  The patient died last night of 
12
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--BALL S  BLUFF.
traumatic inflammation of the knee joint.  Many of the Avounds of the legs passed through  the  calf, and are simple in th '
character.  Lieutenant Colonel Ward lost a foot by amputation, the ankle being shattered and the circulation cut off.
      The remaining case of particular  interest is one where a ball passed through  the left buttock, through the scrotum
grazing the testicle, and entering the penis at its anterior third, ploughed its way out through the urethra.  Two dayB afterward*
the contraction of the dartos had forced the testicle through the opening in the scrotal wall; I removed it and the case is doii
well.  All the stumps and all the wounds are perfectly healthy.   Water dressings have been used almost exclusively.   Phtitv
of air and an abundance of cold water have been the principal adjuvants in the treatment.  I have taken care of a hundr d
here; about fifty-four  have been  cared for in the hospitals of Lander's  brigade, and the balance in the hospitals of Baker's
brigade. There are very few cases which now seem in any particular danger,  and  our mortality, thus far, has certainly not
been very great.  I attribute this  to the fact that the  enemy inflicted  but feAV mini6 Avounds.   Their cartridges generally
contained a round ball and three buck shot.  No doubt the splendid morale of the men contributed much toAvards the favorable
results in these cases.   It was a defeat, a route, but there was no panic, no depression, no shock.  On the contrary, the wounded
bore their  sufferings Avithout complaint,  and, in  many instances, with a great deal  of cheerfulness.  An amputation  at the
shoulder joint, of a leg and of a fore  arm, were done on the island, mainly, I believe, by Surgeon Nathan  HayAvard.  I per-
formed three large amputations myself, and in all these I neither heard of, nor saAV, any appreciable  shock, before or after the
operations.  None of the cases in which  amputation was done terminated fatally."                    *
                                               Your obedient servant,
                                                                                              A. B. CHOSHY,
                                                                                           Brigade Surgeon, V. S. J'.
    Surgeon C. S. Thiplkr,  U. S. A.,
          Medical Director of the Army  of the Potomac.
 XII.  Extracts from a Narrative of the Surgery at BalVs Bluff, Virginia, and from a Report
      of the  Wounded of Gen. Baker's Brigade at the Affair of October 21s£, 1861.   By Surgeon
      John A. Lidell, U. S. Volunteers.
       ***•< On October 21st, 1861, I was surgeon of Gen. Baker's brigade, consisting of the G9th, 71st. 72d, and 106th
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, with one company of cavalry.   The brigade was quartered at Camp Observation, Maryland, four and
 a half miles above Poolesville, on the road to Nolan's Ferry, at the mouth of the Monocacy River.   At early daAvn, a battalion
 of the 71st Pennsylvania, commanded by Lieut. Col. Isaac J. Wistar, was sent to Conrad's Ferry. The remainder of the brigade
 was put in marching order.   After making provision for the medical Avants of the regiments remaining in camp, I proceeded to
 Conrad's Ferry and joined Wistar's battalion, but found that the crossing of the Potomac had  taken place a mile lower down
 the river,  opposite the lower  part of Harrison's Island.   This island is separated from the Maryland shore by a channel two
 hundred and fifty yards wide, and from the Virginia shore by a channel seventy-five yards wide, and the river flows through
 these channels Avith a SAvift current.   *   *  About noon Col. Baker prepared to cross the river.   To increase his transporta-
 tion be got a scow out of the canal and launched it in the river.   He also took toAV lines from several canal boats, and, fastening
 them together, had the cable thus formed stretched across the river at Harrison's Island to facilitate crossing the swift current.
 He sent Wistar's battalion across, going himself Avith the advance, and ordered up the rest of his brigade.  I crossed with this
 battalion,  numbering about  six  hundred men.   *   *   I established a hospital  at a farm house near  the Virginia shore at
 Harrison's Island; but such wounded as  could walk I directed to cross the island to a barn near the Maryland shore and our
 ferry.  Dressings Avere applied and operations performed mainly at
 the farm house.  Fighting ceased at dark.  The enemy had no artil-
 lery, and  most  of  the wounds of our men were  inflicted by round
 musket balls.   About two hundred Avounded had to be provided for.
 I determined to remove them that night,  lest they might he captured
 the next morning.  I deemed it of the first importance to get the
 wounded  to the Maryland shore, as the enemy could command the
 island with artillery, or occupy it Avith infantry.  Late at night, accom-
 panied by Surgeon Martin Rizer, 72d  Pennsylvania Volunteers,  I
 carefully searched  the Virginia shore of the island for any wounded
 that might haAre been overlooked.  The  enemy's pickets did not fire
 on us, though Ave Avere less than one hundred yards  distant, and car-
ried lanterns.   We were evidently recognized as searching for the
 wounded.   We were much  delayed in the removal of  the wounded
by the stragglers, who crowded our boats with their worthless car-
cases.  Surgeon Justin  Dwinelle, 106th Pennsylvania  Volunteers,
 rendered efficient assistance.  At midnight I crossed  to the Maryland
 shore.  Most of the wounded Avere sent to Edwards's Ferry by canal
boat, and thence by the brigade ambulance train to  the general hos-
 pital at Poolesville, under the direction of Surgeon A. B. Crosby, U.
 S. V. A number Avere sent to our field hospital iu our brigade ambu-
lances.  Of Baker's brigade only one battalion, six  hundred strong, was engaged.  I brought  off  sixty-five of their wounded.
I had dressings and anodynes in plenty on the island.  The morning after the battle was rainy.   During that day the wounded
 were all comfortably cared for.  About thirty-five remained at  the field hospital until they were convalescent.   The balance
 were treated at Poolesville.    *      *       *
  Fig. I.—Map of Ball's Bluff, with the location of the Hospitals
on Harrison's Island. 
■REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS UDELL, WEIR, AND WRIGHT.
13
     Lieut. Col. Isaac J. Wistar had a gunshot wound of the right elboAv-joint.   Capt. Robert C. Hicks, 71st Pennsylvania,
a Avound of right shoulder, and Sergt. Maj. Hubert Bastian, a wound of right elbow-joint, and were  sent to private quarters.
The following Avere sent to the field hospital of the California  regiment: Capt. L. Bierel, contused Avound of back;  Lieut. R.
Templeton, Privates E. Wisner and John Stanley, wounds of the shoulder.  Privates E. Mann, B. Watson, R. Joslin, R. Hart-
ley, W. Thomson, J. Tallon, P. Smith, and A. Mink, with Avounds of the lower extremity; Corporal Lambert, Privates Makey,
Heckley, Piper, Fisher, Lipseth, Bouton,  and Calligan, with gunshot  Avounds of the upper extremity; and Sergeant John
Thatcher, with a Avound of the breast.  The folloAving were sent to general hospital at Poolesville: Lieut. T. Wade, Privates
Hooper, Randall, Hooper, Schafer, Brunt, Steinbeck,  Holland, Mahan, Ellis, Fulton,  Kelly, Patterson, Coles, Thenble, Mur-
phy, Coles, Rich, Pilley,  Sloan, Taylor,  Harvey, Burr, Paul,  Lutze, McKenny, Wood, Nichols, Smith,  Rand, Pilley,  and
Sloan."
XIII.  Extract from a Narrative of Services.   By Assistant Surgeon R. F. Weir, U. S. Army.
      *  *  *  " The narrative of my field services under General Patterson and General Banks, comprises only the ordinary
events of marches,  from Harper's Ferry to DarnestoAvn,  and thence to Conrad's Ferry, on October 21st, 1861,  the day of
the repulse at Ball's Bluff.  *  *   I assisted in conveying a portion of the Avounded from Conrad's Ferry, by means of yvretched
one-horso ambulances, to the general hospital at Poolesville.  I did not assist at any operations."      *      *       *
  XIV.  Extracts from Reports relative to the  Operations of the Medical Department in the Cam-
      paign in Western  Virginia in the Summer of 1861. By Surgeon J. J. B.  Weight, U. S. A.,
       Medical Director of the Department of Ohio.
       *   *   *    "I reported to Major General G. B. McClellan, U. S. V., at Cincinnati, Ohio, on May 28th, 1861, under
  an order of the War Department, as medical director of the Department of Ohio.  Gen. McClellan had been assigned to that
  command but recently, and the duty devolved on me of organizing the affairs of the medical department.   My first efforts Avere
  directed toAvards providing hospital outfits for the neAV regiments, so hastily organized and sent to the field in Western Virginia,
  where the rebels were massing their troops under Garnett and Pegram.  Through the agency of the very efficient purveyor at
  New York, Surgeon Satterlee,  my object Avas  promptly and satisfactorily attained.   *  *  [After a  series  of inspections of
  troops and hospitals, Surgeon  Wright returned to Cincinnati.]  Before the affairs  of the purveying department were fully
  regulated, I Avas ordered to accompany Gen. McClellan to Western Virginia.  I understood that I Avent to make an inspection of
  the hospitals at Grafton,  Clarksburg, etc., but found that Ave had entered on an active campaign.   To obviate the necessity of
  returning to Cincinnati, I instructed Assistant Surgeon J. P. Wright, U. S. A., who was on duty with a battery at that city,
  to supervise the requisitions and issues  of medical supplies.  The campaign  culminated in the defeat  of Gen. Garnett at Car-
  rick's Ford, and of Gen. Pegram at Rich Mountain.  Nothing of special interest, worthy to be noted in the Medical History of the
 Rebellion, occurred in the department until the period of the engagements alluded to.  The diseases prevailing  Avere such as
  might have been expected among raw troops, having inexperienced officers  to  care for them.  The prevalent disorders Avere
  diarrhoea, dysentery, intermittent fever, and rheumatism.
       The attack on the enemy's Avork at  Rich Mountain was  made by infantry against artillery, cavalry, and infantry.   The
  wounds, therefore, Avere inflicted by round shot, grape, and minie" balls, and were of every description and character.  A large
  three-story house on the battle field was occupied temporarily as an hospital, and tents were pitched in the  vicinity.  Having
  organized this hospital, and Avitnessed the performance of the principal necessary operations. I proceeded to join the  headquarters
 at Beverly, distant seven miles, where immediate arrangements Avere made for the permanent accommodation of the sick and
 wounded.  A general hospital was established in several commodious houses in this town, and Assistant Surgeon  H. R.  Wirtz
 was placed in charge of it, aided by Assistant Surgeons Dunster, Willie, and Eastman, U. S. A. So soon as transportation could
 be furnished, the wounded from Carrick's Ford Avere transferred  to this hospital.  The enemy's wounded received the same
 attention as our OAvn, though they Avere, for the most part,  kept separate.  For a particular description of the wounds, and of
 the operations performed in this hospital, I have to refer to the monthly consolidated reports from the medical director's office,
 and to the quarterly reports of Assistant Surgeon Wirtz and of Assistant Surgeon Dunster, who succeeded him in charge of the
 hospital.  Besides sundry amputations of the leg and arm, rendered necessary on the battlefield of Rich Mountain, the femoral
 artery was ligated in one instance  for haemorrhage  of the popliteal, caused by a bullet passing through the  hamstrings of the
 right leg.  Among the extraordinary cases,  was that of an Indiana soldier Avho was Avounded in the  upper part of  the thigh by
 a grape shot, which penetrated over the track of the femoral artery, emerged through the nates, and lodged in the man's cartouch
 box, from which the brave fellow coolly removed it, and exhibited it as a trophy of the battlefield.   A fortnight after the'battle
 I left him in the hospital in a fair way of recovery."
      [Other portions of this report of Medical Director Wright will be  printed in connection with documents relative to the
 establishment of military hospitals at the West.  The following extracts  are  taken from a letter to  Surgeon John H. Brinton,
 U. S. V., dated Carlisle Barracks,  March 17th, 1863, in answer to a series of questions.  The author observes that his position
 had not permitted him to notice minutely, or to.investigate closely, individual cases of surgery, and modestly declares himself
 unprepared to contribute a paper that could advance surgical knoAvledge.]
      *  *  *  t. Tne tr00pS engage(i at jjicn Mountain had not been in action, but were animated by the spirit Avhich induced
 some of the first volunteers from Indiana solemnly to SAvear that they Avould prosecute the war until they had fully vindicated
the character of Indiana volunteers from the aspersions of  alleged misconduct  before the enemy at Buena Vista.  Under the
lead of the brave Rosecrans, and the intrepid Lander, they charged the enemy's battery and long line of breast-works over an
open field five hundred yards Avide, and drove him from his  position and captured all his artillery.   The engagement lasted 
14
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--MINOR  ENGAGEMENTS.
scarcely more than  half an hour.  The troops on this campaign were generally well supplied witli medicines, hospital
tents, and other necessary field  equipments.  Ambulances in sufficient number Avere improvised by the purchase  hy'  l '"f
Gen. McClellan, of light tAvo-horse spring wagons.   Soon after the engagement at Rich Mountain, several of the regulation
and two-horse  ambulances were furnished to the army.   *   *   Most of the medical officers discharged  their dutie
well, except as relates to making returns,  reports, etc.  *   *   The battle of Rich Mountain Avas fought on July Uth  H'7
The Avounded suffered someAvhat, I suppose, for want of nicely prepared food, for a day or tAvo after the battle, as is always tl
case during the organization of the temporary hospitals.  Everything, hoAvever, was done for their comfort which circumstai
permitted, and on the arrival of the Avounded at Beverly, on the third day, they were Avell cared for in all respects   Ther
an abundant supply of good water near the battle field.  The wounded were not  exposed to any uncomfortable decree of'c 11
Their wounds Avere inflicted, principally, by solid and grape shot, and minie balls. The wounded Avere conveyed to Beverly '
ambulances and spring wagons, a distance  of seven miles, over a smooth road.  The principal operations Avere primary in n
tations of the thigh, leg, and arm.  No excisions were performed.  Chloroform  Avas administered in  all operations involvi
much pain.  There Avere no fatal results from the use of this anaesthetic."     *      *      *


XV.   Statement of the Killed and Wounded at  the Battle of Carnifex Ferry, September 10M
      1861.    By Assistant  Surgeon Horace R. Wirtz, U. S. A., Acting Medical  Director  during
      the Action.
COMMAND.
 9th Ohio Volunteers.......

10th  "      "     .......

12th  "      "     .......

13th  "      "     .......

28th  "      "     .......

Ohio Artillery (McMullin's).

  "  Cavalry..............
Total.
Killed.	A\	oundkd.
1		
9		50
1		1
1		12
2		29 4
3		37 141
17		
XVI.  Extract from a Report on the Duties assigned him from the  Outbreak of the  War till
      July 14M, 1863.   By C. C.  Dumreicher,  Surgeon U.  S. Volunteers.

      *  *   *  "In the summer of 18G1,  I Avas commissioned  as Assistant Surgeon of Illinois Volunteers.  I served two
months in a camp of organization near Springfield, and was then ordered to Western Virginia, with a detachment of Illinois
cavalry.  I was present at the engagement at Carnifex Ferry, betAveen the forces under General Rosecrans, and the rebel troops
under General Floyd.  After the engagement I was placed in surgical charge of the hospital.  I met with a number of inter-
esting cases, but do not recollect the details of them.  The regiments engaged were all from western states, and their ranks were
nearly full.   Their supplies of medicines, hospital stores, ambulances, and tents were limited, and,  in several instances,
insufficient.  The wounded Avere removed, on litters and by ambulances, to a house a little more than half a mile from the field
of action.   Urgent cases  were attended to, under  fire, within a few hundred yards of the troops.  The supply  of water,
materials for scups, and other food, were procured in sufficient quantities.   The wounded Avere not exposed to cold or rain, but
were made quite  comfortable Avithin a short time.  The troops yvere  under fire nearly four hours.  *  * The Avounded were
removed to Cincinnati at periods varying from two to six weeks  after the battle, being sent thirty-five miles in ambulances or
Avagons, and then placed on steamboats.  To my personal knowledge, seven capital operations Avere performed within twenty-
four hours after the battle.  These were amputations of the thigh, and all proved fatal.  The men  had been on forced marches
for several days, and were quite exhausted when they went into action.   Chloroform Avas used in most of tbe operations; in
some, a mixture of one part of chloroform with two of ether."       *      *
XVII. Memorandum relative to the Wounded at the Affair at  Great Bethel, Virginia, June 10M,
     1861.   By Surgeon A. H. Hoff,  3d New York Volunteers.
               "At the main fight Ave had only four or five killed, and tAvelve Avounded.  In the collision at night between
our OAvn troops, there Avere thirty Avounded.  The Avounded were taken to the Seminary Hospital near Hampton, and to the
Hygeia Hospital at Fort Monroe.   Most of them soon returned to duty.  A few of the severely wounded Avere sent to New York. 
REPORTS  OF  MEDICAL OFFICERS.
15
XVIII-  Extract from Report from St. Aloysius Hospital,  Washington.   By Assistant Surgeon
     Alexander  Ingram,  U.  S.  Army.
     *  *  *   " A feAV Avounded of the 1st Ohio regiment Avere received at this hospital from one of our earliest collisions
with the enemy.  I refer to General  Schenck's  skirmish  at Vienna, June 17th, 1861.  The  Avounds  were mostly slight  in
character; no operations of magnitude Avere necessary ;  and all the patients did Avell."       *      *       *
XIX. Extract from a Report of his Services from June 1st, 1861, to June IWi, 1863, relative
     to the Battle  of Wilson's Creek.   By Assistant Surgeon Philip C. Davis,  U.  S, Army.
      *  *  *  "On June 1st, 1861, I was ordered to report to the commanding officer at Fort Leavemvorth, Kansas, at Avhich
post an expedition Avas then fitting out for a campaign in Missouri.  I reported on June 6th, and Avas assigned to duty with the
troops about to take the field.  We left Fort Leavenworth, on June 10th, and proceeded to Kansas City, where Ave went into
camp.  Our forces consisted of one  battery, one battalion of infantry, and one squadron of regular cavalry.  We were  after-
ward joined by two regiments of infantry, the 1st and  2d Kansas Volunteers; the whole being under the command of Major
8. D. Sturgis.  We remained in camp until July 1st, when orders were received to join General N. Lyon, who was then on the
wav to Springfield, Missouri.  We  broke camp, and moving rapidly across  the country in a southeasterly direction, commu-
nicated with General Lyon, near Papinsville, on the right bank of the Osage River, at Avhich place he was then crossing, after
much delay, in consequence of the destruction of the bridge.  The combined forces then took up the line of march for Spring-
field, which place Avas then held by a small force under Colonel Franz Sigel.  In  the latter part of July the expedition joined
Colonel Sigel, and went into camp.  Nothing of interest occurred during the march; the Aveather Avas good, the water abundant,
and the health of the troops excellent.   Our forces, under the command of General Lyon, noAv amounted to an  effective of
about five thousand.   On August 2d, a reconnaissance Avas ordered by General Lyon, and our men proceeded to " Dug Spring,"
where a sharp skirmish ensued.   Our loss Avas tAvelve or fourteen killed,  and  about  forty Avounded.  The wounded Avere sent
to Springfield.  The loss of the enemy Avas not known.  Our forces then returned to camp, near Springfield.  Typhoid fever
and dysentery having made their appearance,  General Lyon ordered Surgeon E. C. Franklin, U. S. V., to establish a general
hospital in the village for the benefit of the forces stationed in the vicinity, as the hospital accommodations, although good, Avere
inadequate  for the increasing number of sick. The unfinished court house building Avas taken for the purpose, and I Avas
assigned to duty in this hospital.   We had scarcely commenced our labors, Avhen the enemy, in  large force, under Generals
Price, McCulloch, and Rains, moved up the- Fayetteville road, and took up a strong position along Wilson's  Creek, about
five cr six miles from the village.  It Avas decided to attack them, and our column moved on the night of August 9th, and next
morning opened fire upon the enemy.  The right Aving Avas  commanded by Major Sturgis, the left by Colonel Sigel, the Avhole
under General Lyon.
      This battle Avas the most severe and Avell contested that had occurred up to that time since the outbreak of the rebellion;
the fight raged furiously for six or seven hours; General Lyon having fallen, the command Avas taken by Colonel Sigel.  About
noon the fire of both sides slackened, the enemy fell back a mile, and our forces retreated to Springfield, Avhere they remained
a short time, and then fell back to Rolla, the southwest terminus of the St. Louis Railroad.  We succeeded in carrying aAvay
everything except the medicines, hospital stores, and supplies, Avhich had been accumulating at Springfield for the use of the
general hospital at that place.  Our dead and  Avounded fell into the hands of the enemy.  Our loss Avas estimated at tAvo hun-
dred and fifty killed, eight hundred AA'ounded, three hundred prisoners and missing;  or a total of thirteen hundred and fifty.
Thus, after a six hours' fight, our casualties amounted to the high figure  of thirteen hundred and fifty out of the small force of
five thousand.  I was ordered by Colonel Sigel to remain to assist in taking care of the wounded.  Our column having retreated
towards Rolla, the enemy came in about day-break and took possession of the village, and immediately proceeded to appropriate
everything that was deemed by them necessary, either for their comfort or convenience, and we Avere consequently left Avithout
many articles for the benefit of the wounded under  our  charge.  Our supplies of medicines, hospital stores, &c, Avere taken,
and but little to Avork Avith Avas left us. The wounded Avere brought from the field in Avagons, carriages, ambulances, litters, and,
in fact, every kind of conveyance which could be brought into requisition. Our ambulances were feyv, and it occupied five or
six days before they Avere all brought in, as, after the enemy arrived, they took all the means of transportation that  could be
found in the neighborhood.  The  fire to Avhich our  men were exposed Avas principally from musketry at very short range, the
artillery doing but little execution.  The Confederates used the minie rifle, Avhile the Missouri State Guards, and other irregular
troops, were armed Avith smooth-bore muskets, western rifles, and double barrel shot guns; this last being very effective at short
range.  In consequence of the severity of the engagement and the constant changing of position by the troops, no operations.
were performed on the field as far as I could learn or observe.  Primary dressings were applied and the Avounded Avere sent to the
village.  With regard to supplies, I Avould here remark that nothing was furnished us by the Confederates.   We purchased
everything for the use of our own wounded, for whom Ave had an abundance; only medicines being deficient, most of the hospital
stores, dressings, etc., being appropriated by the Confederates for their own wounded, Ave being allowed the privilege of using
only such as Avould not benefit them. I have  said that the number of  our Avounded was  eight hundred; although,  in conse-
quence of the great confusion incident to the enemy taking possession of the village, it was  extremely difficult to keep anything
m'order, or to'be exact as regards numbers.  The  churches, hotels, court house, and  nearly all of the private dAvellings Avere
filled with wounded of both sides.  It, therefore, required several days before Ave could arrange the patients Avith any degree of
comfort, but  Ave finally succeeded in bringing partial  order  out of utter  chaos.   The  sum  of $5,000, turned over for the
use of the Avounded, enabled us to procure every comfort that could he purchased in that part of the country.  The operations
were m*ainly secondary.  The mortality Avas very great in cases of amputations for compound comminuted fracture of the femur;
better success being met Avith by using splints and  other appliances adapted to the nature  of the  cases.  The cases requiring
amputation for wounds of the upper  extremities and leg all did well; the number of cases treated I am  unable to give at this 
16
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—WILSON'S .CREEK.-
late day.  The anaesthetic we employed in all cases was chloroform, from Avhich I did not observe a single untoAvard symnU
it Avas the only agent of its class that Ave had.  But one case of tetanus occurred, and this supervened upon a very slight wo   1
about ten days after the receipt of the injury.  Death folloAved in forty hours. This Avas the only case of tetanus that ca
under my notice, nor do I recollect of any other being reported.  In the case referred to above, the injury Avas  so slij/ht as t
be called rather an abrasion  than a Avound.  The ordinary duties incumbent  upon surgeons Avere attended to  and nothin"  f
interest transpired.  Of the AAiiole number of deaths I am ignorant, as patients  were  visited by other surgeons in various
parts of the village, and no record Avas kept by them, owing to the unsettled condition of affairs.  On September 20th a lla_ of
truce was sent from Rolla, by Colonel Wyman, 13th  Illinois Volunteers, Avhen I left Springfield, with about fifty patients who
were able to travel.  After many interruptions from roaming hands of Confederates, Ave arrived safely at Rolla.  Remaining a
few days, I proceeded to St. Louis, Missouri, at which place I reported to the  medical director,  who had  the  men placed in
hospital in that city."    *      *      *
      [Other extracts  from Assistant Surgeon  Davis's  report will  be printed in  connection Avith documents relating to the
Peninsular campaign, Antietam,  and Fredericksburg.]
By Assistant Surgeon H-. M.
XX.  Extracts from Observations on the Battle of  Wilson's Creek.
      Sprague, U.  S. Army.
      *  #  *   it xhis engagement yvas fought nine miles  south of Springfield, Missouri, on August 10th, 1861, between the
United States forces under Brigadier General Nathaniel Lyon, U. S. V., and the enemy under General Ben. McCulloch.   *   *
The sanitary condition of the troops %vas excellent.  None of the regulars had been seriously sick.  Surgeon E. C. Franklin
U. S.  V., in charge of the general hospital at Springfield, had received medical supplies for five thousand men for three months,
and had distributed among the regiments Avhat  they needed.  Of instruments, I am inclined  to think there was a lack. The
limited time given to the different regiments to  prepare themselves for the fight, and the small supply of the purveyor at St.
Louis at the time the regiments Avere organized, forced each surgeon to rely on his private  instruments. But if  any regiments
lacked medicines and medical stores, it was through the inefficiency of the medical officers.  Of ambulances, there were but two
in the command.  These Avere large spring Avagons drawn by six mules.  It was only at the earnest solicitation of Major Sturgis,
that even these were alloAved to move Avith the troops, so great was  the fear of General Lyon that the rumbling of teams might
give notice to the enemy of our approach.   *    *   Of the names  and efficiency of the medical officers it is difficult to speak,
as few were personally known to me.  Assistant Surgeon S. H. Melcher, U. S. V., was on the field, and was said to have been
very active.  The 2d Kansas was represented  by Assistant Surgeon Patee, the surgeon  being sick at the time.   Drs. Cornyn
and Feehan, both efficient  and able men, were Avith the 1st Missouri Regiment.  Acting Assistant  Surgeon Lyon was on duty
with Major Osterhaus's battalion,  and was said  to have been quite inefficient.   Of the regular staff, there Avere on the field,
Assistant Surgeon P. V. Schenck, and myself;  Assistant Surgeon  P. C. Davis, U. S. A., being on  duty in the general hospital
at Springfield     *   *   An imperfect idea of the ground may be obtained from this very rough sketch of the field.   (Fig. 2.)
General Lyon's forces, early in the fight, were  divided
into tAvo columns:  tbe larger at A, and the battalion of
regulars, under Captain Plummer, at B. The latter Avere
repulsed early in the fight.   As many of the wounded
as could Avalk came across the open field, and Avere cared
for at a ravine back of the line of battle at A, at a point
indicated by a flag. .  Colonel Sigel's Avounded were left
on the field, and were brought in during  the night fol-
loAving the battle.  The  attention  shoAvn  the Avounded
was  good,  but not specially praiseworthy.  The  only
medical officer that I knew to be  actually on the field of
battle, Avas Surgeon  Cornyn,  1st Missouri Volunteers.
Assistant Surgeon  Patee and myself were at the  hospital
station in the ravine.  The supply of Avater was abundant,
a large stream  running through the valley.  There were
no subsistence supplies except the cooked  rations in the
haversacks of the  men.  The fire  Avas from musketry
and artillery at long range.   *  *   Most of the wounded
Avere removed  to Springfield.  About tAvo hundred Avere
carried along Avith the troops in  their retreat, and were
sent  to hospitals at  St.  Louis.  Not only the  slightly
wounded, but  those  Avith compound fractures,  Avounds
through the chest and testes, were conveyed on baggage
Avagons, caissons,  and  the  six-mule  spring wagons.
Through a flag of truce, an arrangement  Avas made to
remove all of the wounded who could be moved between
half-past eleven a. m., the day of the fight, and midnight.
Most of them were provided for before the truce expired.
       No operations were performed on the field beyond
the extraction of balls.  At no time, during the engagement, Avas the situation of the ambulances considered safe
cavalry Avere continually threatening our rear.
SPRINGFIELD
        S_=)_
         _SE
          Fig. 2.—Map of the Vicinity of Springfield, Missouri, with the Positions of
         Troops at the Action of August 10th, 1861.
                                                            The enemy's
No one acted as  medical director, and  there Avas no drilled ambulance corps, 
REPORTS  OF MEDICAL  OFFICERS.
17
 nd the wounded Avere not systematically carried from the field.  The severely wounded could only be moved on stretchers,
 ndAvere not carried off until after the engagement.   Those brought to the hospital stationed in the rear, were wounded in the
upper extremities, or had flesh Avounds of the lower.  There wore about twelve hundred killed and wounded, and few prisoners
except the Avounded.  The percentage  of casualties Avas very large.  General Lyon's  command, excluding Colonel Sigel's,
probably did not number more  than tAventy-seven  or  twenty-eight  hundred. Colonel  Sigel's  loss, hi killed and wounded,
amounted to only thirty-five ; so that in a force of less than three thousand, eleven hundred  and  seventy-five, or  nearly forty
percent, of the men engaged, Avere wounded.  Taking into consideration the facts that the skirmishing commenced at  half-past
five in the morning, the battle proper opening  at eight, and closing at half-past eleven, the casualties are very numerous, and
speak volumes in praise of officers and men.  The great want in the medical  department Avas a head.   There was no medical
director.  The regiments had no  community of action or feeling.  Had the commanding general  designated an officer of rank
as his medical director, there could have been  no  reason  Avhy nine-tenths of the Avounded  could  not have  been cared for and
sent to general hospital by the time our forces retreated."              *       *
XXI.  Extract from a Report in regard to the- Operations of the  Medical  Department in the
    Action at Wilson's  Creek.   By Surgeon  E. C. Franklin, U. S. Volunteers.
     * *  *  " I transmit the folloAving  information relative to the engagement at Wilson's Creek, Missouri, August 10th,
1861.  *  *  The troops engaged Avere the 1st, 3d, and 5th Missouri Infantry, the 1st and 2d. Kansas, detachments of regular
and volunteer artillery and cavalry, one company of "home guards;" about four thousand five hundred men in the aggregate,
one thousand of Avhom Avere under command of Acting Brig. Gen. F. Sigel, U. S. V. Medical  supplies, at  the period of the
battle, Avere abundant. Ambulances and hospital tents Avere scarce. The medical officers present Avere: Surgeon F. M. Cornyn,
and Assistant Surgeon Feehan, 1st Missouri Volunteers;  Surgeon F. Heussler, and Assistant Surgeon Charles LudAvig, 3d Mis-
souri Volunteers; Surgeon E. C. Franklin, and Assistant Surgeon S. H. Melcher, 5th Missouri Volunteers;  Surgeon S. D.
Smith,  and Assistant  Surgeon Patee, 1st Kansas Volunteers; Surgeon A.  B. Massey, and a German assistant surgeon of the
2d Kansas Volunteers; Surgeon W. H. White, and Assistant Surgeon  Reichenbach, 1st  Iowa Volunteers; Assistant Surgeons
P. V. Schenck, H. M. Sprague, and P. C. Davis, of the regular army; and Acting Assistant Surgeon  G. D. Lyon. The fire
was from artillery at long and short range,  and from rifled and smooth-bore muskets.  Most  of the wounded  Avere conveyed to
Springfield.  They received as good attention on the field as Avas  possible under the circumstances.   *   *    There were no
primary resections on  the field,'and, I think, no amputations; but quite a large number of operations cf all kinds in the hospitals
at Springfield."      *      *      *
XXII.   Extracts from a  Report  on  the  Regimental Hospital of the 22d Iowa  Volunteers
     at Wilson's Creek.   By Surgeon W. H. White, 22d Iowa Volunteers.
     *  *   *  "As to the condition of medical supplies, ambulances, and hospital tents, the 1st Iowa Volunteers Avill furnish
a fair specimen.  Our medical supplies consisted of a few drugs, stored away in a dry-goods box.   My instruments Avere good,
as I had my own general operating and pocket cases. My transportation for the Avounded consisted of a single wagon.  I had
no hospital tents.  I partially supplied the deficiency by giving up  my OAvn wall tent.  Personally, I Avas Avithout assistance,
my assistant  surgeon being inefficient,  and I Avas so closely  confined to the Avounded of my own regiment that I  had little
contact with other members of the medical staff.  *  *  On the field, I Avas on the descending ground back of the line of battle
of the 1st IoAva Volunteers.  The Avounded men Avere brought back to me by their comrades.  I had them placed in three divisions,
forming a triangle, and I passed from' one to another, simply stopping to check haemorrhage, or to apply primary dressings.
Sometimes I used digital compression, and, in other cases, 1 used  a  tight bandage, and placed over the  course of the feeding
artery a small roller or pebble.  By an order from  Major Schofield,  I removed most of the wounded, a half an hour before the
battle terminated, to  a  ravine.   Here I had to reapply the  temporary dressings.   From this place they Avere removed  by
commissary wagons  to  Springfield, and Avere placed in a large brick  hotel, a church, and two private  houses.  I made two
amputations,  and extracted many balls.  Nine men of the 1st Iowa Volunteers received balls in the shoulder.  I was strongly
urged to amputate, but refused.   In time, all of these men recovered."      *      *
XXIII.  Extracts from a Report of his Services at the Battle  of  Wilson's  Creek.    By Assistant
     Surgeon S. H. Melcher, 5th Missouri Volunteers.
     *  *  *  "The Third and Fifth Missouri Volunteers, with two companies of artillery recently organized,  had marched
from Rolla to Carthage, by Avay of Neosho, in eighteen days.  The distance Avas over two hundred miles.  On  one day, not less
than twenty men fell, sun-struck, on the road.  In the streets of Carthage, on July 4th, 1861, six men Avere sun-struck, and had
grave cerebral symptoms.  The Fifth  Missouri Volunteers had no medical supplies.  I furnished all the medicines and instru-
ments, procured wagons on the road for the sick, and treated one hundred and eighty-five patients Avithout aid from the army
       3 
18
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—BELMONT.
medical department, at Mount Vernon.  I received a small supply of medicines from Surgeon E. C. Franklin,  U. S. V   *  •
The wounded Avere sent to the rear in wagons as the fight progressed.  The attendance they received Avas trifling, consisting  f
water dressings or adhesive plasters.   Surgeon Heussler, Third Missouri Volunteers, sent  one  of his stewards, early in t),,
action, to the front with his amputating case, which was captured, thus depriving the command of the few surgical instrument
there were.  For the first two hours the fire was from artillery, and at long range. Tavo men were killed by spent solid shot
striking the abdomen.  One Avas in great agony, with excessive tumefaction, for four hours.   The other lived twenty hours in
great pain.  There was no abrasion of the skin in these cases.  On the retreat, the fire was from small  arms and artillery com.
bined.   The wounded Avere taken to the general hospital at Springfield.  There  Avere no resections on the field, and but on
amputation, which Avas of the arm, for fracture of the elbow.  In a case of fracture  of the  right humerus by a minie ball I
removed spiculae and used splints.   The arm recovered, one inch short, and the patient is now in  Company L, First Missouri
Artillery.   The injured arm is as useful as the other.   *   *  There Avere plenty of secondary amputations in the hospital. All
above the knee resulted fatally, from secondary haemorrhage or typhoid fever.  There  were twelve cases of compound fracture
of the femur.  All but tAvo resulted fatally.  Some avere  amputated; others  were treated with splints, generally arranged as
double inclined planes.  I treated two cases Avith Liston's straight splint.  Both of the patients are living. Michael Sullivan
First Missouri, is  iioav [February 10th, 1863] in St. Louis.  The other, Private John O'Brien, First U. S. Infantry, is at the
Marine Hospital, St. Louis, and can walk about.   He has tAvo inches shortening.  Sullivan has about three quarters of an inch
shortening.   *   *   The flies Avere  exceedingly troublesome after the battle, maggots  forming in the Avounds in less than an
hour after dressing them, and also upon any clothing or bedding soiled by blood or pus. The wounded left on the field in the
enemy's hands were swarming with maggots when brought  in.  After several ineffectual attempts to extirpate  these pests,
I succeeded perfectly by sprinkling calomel freely over the wounded surfaces.  When the sloughs separated, clean granulating
surfaces were presented, and by using balsam of copaiba as a dressing, smearing the bandages Avith this  oleo-resin, I could keep
the wounds free from maggots.  For this purpose it is, in my opinion, one of the most valuable agents supplied by the medical
department.  Surgeon E. C. Franklin, U. S. V., had charge of the hospital at Springfield.  On the night of the retreat he was
ordered to  remain, Avith Surgeon S. D. Smith, 1st Kansas Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon P. C. Davis, U. S. Army, and Assistant
Surgeon S. H. Melcher, U. S. Volunteers, as assistants.   On September 7th,  Surgeon Franklin left us,  and on September 20th,
Surgeon Smith, and Assistant Surgeon Davis, left.  I remained with two hundred and nine wounded and  sick, and, with help
obtained from convalescents, they Avere made very comfortable.  During October, I sent one hundred and fifty of these patients
to Rolla.  On November 11th, in obedience to an order from General Sigel, I started with the  remaining wounded, all of whom
arrived safely in St. Louis on November 19th.  The history of the Springfield  general hospital  from  that time till about the
middle of February, 1862, cannot readily be obtained,  the town having been occupied by the rebels, until they were driven out
at that date by the forces under General Curtis."      *       *       *
XXIV.   Account of the  Operations of the  Medical Department  at  the  Battle  of Belmont,
      Missouri.   By  Surgeon  John H. Brinton, U. S. V., Medical  Director  of the  Troops under
      General Grant,  stationed in the District of Cairo and its Dependencies.

      "The battle of Belmont was fought on the 7th of November, 1861.  The national forces engaged consisted of Illinois and
Iowa troops, and amounted, in the aggregate, to about tAventy-nine hundred  men of all arms.  The expedition started from
Caiio on the afternoon of the 6th of No\rember, and  proceeded down the Mississippi in transports.  During the night the boats
laid to on the Kentucky shore, eight or ten miles  above Columbus.  This was done for the purpose of deceiving the enemy, and
leading  him to the belief that the fortifications of Columbus Avere the threatened points.  Early on the  following morning the
boats crossed to the Missouri side of the river, and the troops  debarked at a point three miles distant from  the enemy's camp
at Belmont.  The latter place was directly opposite to the town of Columbus, and was commanded and protected by numerous
heavy guns, planted on  the high bluffs of the Kentucky bank of the Mississippi.   As soon  as the light batteries Avere landed,
the troops moved forward, skirmishers being throAvn to the front to feel the enemy's position.
      In a very feyv minutes, his pickets Avere driven in, and the engagement became general.  The wounded shortly began to
appear in the rear, and to gather'around the hospital stations.   The advance of the national troops Avas steadily pushed on, and
the enemy were driven from tree to tree, from behind  the bushes, and across the  corn fields, until their camp at Belmont was
reached, when they sought the cover of the river bank.  It was in dislodging  the enemy from the rolling corn fields that tbe
chief loss was sustained.  The standing corn screened him perfectly from the observation of the national troops as they ascended
the cleared slopes to the attack, Avhilst the latter  presented a target against Avhich every shot told; at the same time the enemy
opened,  Avith fearful execution, from his batteries planted on the ridges.   A subsequent observation of the fallen on the hill Bide
revealed numerous bodies of men Avho had been  slain by round  shot, grape, and canister.  As soon as the enemy Avere driven
from their camp, it Avas immediately fired and destroyed, by order of General  Grant.  Three of  their guns were here captured,
one of which Avas spiked, and the others drawn off.  During the conflagration of the camp, and when the scattered troops of the
enemy had found shelter under the river bank, the heavy guns mounted on the Kentucky bluffs  above Columbus, opened  their
fire.  Every foot of the Ioav plain of Belmont Avas commanded by these batteries; but, fortunately,  the necessary depression of
the guns Avas not obtained, and the shot and bursting shells passed high above the heads of the national troops, doing little or
no damage.
      One of the objects of the expedition, the destruction of the  camp, having thus been completely accomplished, tbe General
commanding directed his forces to fall back toward their transports, and to re-embark.  In the meantime, an  attempt had been
made by the enemy to land a large force in General Grant's rear,  and thus to cut him off from his boats.  The  backward path
was. consequently, the scene of fierce conflict; but General Grant  finally succeeded in  reaching his transports, which lay at the 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  BRINTON.                              19
original landing, under the  protection of the gunboats Tyler and  Lexington.  In attempting to prevent and embarrass the
embarkation, a few .battalions of the enemy unwarily exposed themselves to the fire of the gunboats at a distance of not  more
than two or three hundred  yards; the resulting carnage is reported to have been terrible.   The expeditionary force, having
been safely put on the transports, returned in the night  to Cairo.
     The resources of the medical department during  this battle were limited.  The enterprise had been hastily undertaken,
and the water transportation  was insufficient for the carriage of wagons.  Not one ambulance or spring wagon of any description
was, at that time, in the possession or at the command of the author, the medical director of the expedition.  In fact, the medical
officers of the troops stationed at Cairo did not, until a period long subsequent to the battle of Belmont, receive from the quar-
termaster's department a single vehicle suitable for the'transportation of invalids.  The want of the essential facilities for the
removal of wounded Avas, in  thus action, most severely felt, and caused many of the injured, especially those Avho had been hurt
in the body or lower extremities, to fall into tbe hands of the enemy.  Tavo or three  road wagons, obtained from the quarter-
master's train, were the only vehicles for conveyance of the wounded to the rear.   In many cases, the injured, unable to walk,
were placed on the horses of the medical officers, and thus  sent back to the boats.
     A sufficient medical force had been left on the river bank, near the transports, to administer to the surgical necessities of
those wounded Avho might arrive there.  A hospital had also been established at a small house on the edge of  a wood on the
line of advance.  Surgeon BoAvman, 27th Illinois Volunteers, and Surgeon A. Witter, 7th Iowa Volunteers, were placed in charge.
These  gentlemen discharged their duty zealously; and, although the hospital subsequently fell into the enemy's possession,
they succeeded in transporting to the  boats nearly all of the Avounded under their care.  All  those injured during the advance
of our troops from the landing place toAvards Belmont, Avere removed in time to the boats.  Unfortunately, it Avas not so  with
those who were hit on the retreat.  Efforts yvere made by the author to carry away as  many as possible by emptying ammuni-
tion wagons and  filling them with the disabled; but the number so conveyed was necessarily limited.   Undoubtedly, most of
these who fell on the backward march  were abandoned.  The fighting occurred in the woods and amongst thick bushes, so that
the loss of the men could not, at the time, be readily discerned.   Had the  medical officers been well supplied with ambulance
wagons, the abandonment of the Avounded, a most mortifying circumstance, might have been obviated.
     The entire national force engaged in this action numbered somewhat less than twenty-nine hundred men, of these eighty
were killed, and about three hundred and fifty wounded.   Of these latter, the injuries of about forty were so slight as not to
require surgical mention.  These casualties, as reported, yvere distributed as follows:
COMMAND.
27th Illinois Volunteers

30th   "       "

31st   "  .     "

22d   "

 7th Iowa      "

Cavalry and Artillery


            Total...
Kiixed.
11
 9
10

23

26
 1
Wounded.
47
27
70

74
93

11
322
     There were, therefore, in all, eighty killed and three hundred and twenty-two wounded.  The number of missing Avas
fifty-four.  The total number of killed, wounded, and missing forming thus a little more than fifteen per  cent, of the entire
force engaged.
     On  the return of tbe expedition to Cairo, the wounded were properly cared for.  Ninety-eight Avere conveyed to the
depot hospital, under the charge of Surgeon W. R. Burke, U. S. V., and one hundred and twenty Avere received into  their
respective  regimental hospitals.   The Avounded unavoidably left on the field, and captured by the enemy, were all subsequently
exchanged, and brought to Cairo from Columbus, on November 13th, under a flag of truce.   Of these, one hundred and three
were conveyed to the Mound City hospital, in charge of Brigade Surgeon E. C. Franklin, U. S. V.   Most of these cases had
been very severely injured, and had lain  for many hours  uncared for  on the field, before being removed.  They had been
partially stripped by the enemy, and had suffered much from  exposure  and hunger.  Little attention had been paid, during
neir stay  in Columbus,-to tbe dressing of their wounds, and the operations which had been  performed reflected but slight
credit on the enemy's surgeons. 
20
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—BELMONT.
      In the accompanying tables a concise view is presented of the nature, treatment, and  results of three hundred and
twenty cases of gunshot wounds, admitted into the hospitals of Cairo and its vicinity immediately after the battle of Belmont
The surgical operations and their results, are also exhibited in tabular form.  By reference to these tables, it will be seen that
out of three hundred and tAventy cases of wounded reported  in  this  action, thirty-five died subsequently of their wounds, in
hospital, while two hundred and eighty-five recovered;  of the thirty-five deaths, five occurred after operation:

Tabular Statement of Gunshot  Fractures, received  at  the  Battle of Belmont, Mimmn  and
                       treated in Hospitals at  Cairo, Illinois, and its Vicinity.
Fractures of—
 Frontal Bone ..

 Occipital Bone.

 Parietal Bone..

 Upper Jaw___

f Upper Third...

 Middle Third..

 Lower Third..
Ulna....

Hand...

Clavicle.
^
Scapula......

Upper Third..

Middle Third.
   u     a

LoAver Third.
^ Point of fracture not stated.

f Upper Third..............
 Middle Third.........

 LoAver Third..........

t Consecutive  operations.
Total.
o
43
Where Treated.
In quarters..............---

Depot Hospital, Cairo........

Regimental Hospital.........

    Do.      do..........

Mound City General Hospital.

Depot Hospital..............

Mound City General Hospital .

Depot Hospital..............

Regimental Hospital..........

    Do.      do..........

Mound City General Hospital.

Depot Hospital..............

Mound City General Hospital.
Mound City General Hospital

Regimental Hospital.........

Mound City General Hospital

Depot Hospital..............

Mound City General Hospital

  Do.   do.    do.    do.

Regimental Hospital.........

    Do.      do.........

Depot Hospital.............

Enemy's Surgeon...........
Treatment.
--	- - - -	.-.---_.
c		QD
c		
		
C8 a.	a o '53 '3	0 2-n
	X	s-
<	W	S3
>>	t*.	t>~>
m	M	m
3a
\c

2d
2e

1/

1
13
U
29
Kkkvi.t.
 1

 1

 2

 2

 1


32   ,  H
      Notes.—a Two at middle  third of arm; one at loAver third of arm.  6 Partial,  c Upper third of thigh,  d One at
middle third of thigh; one at upper third,   e One amputation of loAver third of thigh; one amputation of upper third of thigh.
f Died. 
REPORT OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  BRINTON.
21
Tabular Statement  of  Wounds of Joints,  received at the  Battle  of Belmont,  Missouri, and

                    treated in Hospital at Cairo, Illinois, and its  Vicinity.
Joints.
Shoulder Joint


  Do.    do.


Elbow    do.


  Do.    do.


Wrist    do.


  Do.    do.


Knee    do.


  Do.    do.


Ankle    do.




   Total___
14
Where Treated.
Depot Hospital.............


Regimental Hospital..........


Depot Hospital..............


Regimental Hospital.........


    Do.      do..........


Mound City General Hospital


Depot Hospital.............


Mound City General Hospital


Depot Hospital.............
Treatment.
B
<

PP
16
pq
la
10
Result.
10
    Notes.—a Patient refused to be operated upon,  b Syme's amputation,  c Penetrating wound of joint, without fracture.



Tabular Statement of Miscellaneous Wounds, received at the Battle of Belmont, Missouri, and

                   treated in Hospital at Cairo, Illinois, and its Vicinity.
	Number of Cases.	Treatment.	Result.	
Locality of Injury.		By Simple Dressing.	Recovered. 2	Died.
Gunshot Avounds of Lung......................................	4 1 4 28 2 71 35 1 96 3 18	4 1 4 28 2 71 35 1 96 3 18		2
" " "Intestines.................................				1
Other wounds of Abdominal Cavitv............................			1 26 2 71 32 1 87 3 18	3 2 3 9
Gunshot flesh wounds of Head.................................				
" " " "Neck.................................				
				
" " " "Trunk................................				
				
				
Contusions, etc......... ...........				
Miscellaneous.....				
				
Total................... ..................	263	263	243	20
				
 
22
APPENDED DOCUMENTS--BELMONT  AND MILL  SPRING.
Tabular. Statement of Operations performed and their Results, after  the Battle  of Belmont
               Missouri, and treated in Hospital at  Cairo, Illinois, and its Vicinity.
List of  Operations.
o

H 1
a*
f Forearm___-..........

 Arm...................

 Ankle Joint (Syme's).,.

           JLoAver Third.

           Middle Third.

          [Upper Third.

          ( Shoulder.....
Resections.
( Scapula (partial).
Total.
Cases.
i For what j  Period of
 Performed Operation.
Resiit.
 1

 7

 1

 1

 1

 3

 1

 1


16
Gunshot
Wounds.
16
Secondary
Operations.

     1

     7

     1

     1

     1

     3

     1

     1
16
Died.
11
      In all of these operations anaesthesia Avas previously induced.  Washed sulphuric ether was the agent generally employed,
and in no case was any untoward result observed.  When the fact is considered that those of our soldiers who Avere wounded
in the lower extremities underwent considerable privations and exposure, and Avere subjected to much rough transportation, the
final results must be  considered  as  exceedingly favorable.  In this engagement two of our medical officers, Surgeon Gordon,
30th Illinois Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeon Whitenall, 31st Illinois Volunteers, fell into the hands of the enemy.  They
Avere retained and treated as prisoners of Avar for many months.
      On the 10th of January, an  expedition, under the command of General Grant, left Cairo, and  passed doAvn on  the
opposite, or Kentucky shore of the Mississippi,  toAvard Columbus.   No attack was, however, made; the movement was simply
one of reconnaissance, and  after a few days the forces returned to their respective camps in and around Cairo."
XXV.  Second Extract from a Narrative of Services from the Commencement of the Rebellion
      till July lUh, 1863.   By Surgeon H. P. Stearns, U. S. Y.

      *  *  *  "On the evening previous to the battle of Belmont, November 6th, 1861, I received orders  to accompany the
first and second brigades, then  stationed at Bird's  Point, Missouri, upon an expedition,- the destination of Avhich Avas, at that
time, unknown to me.   During the afternoon  and evening, the forces at Cairo, Illinois, and Bird's Point, were embarked upon
steamers.  I accompanied Surgeon  J. H. Brinton, U.S. V., medical  director of the forces  under  General Grant. The forces
were debarked  about three miles above Belmont, Missouri,  upon the  west bank of the Mississippi river,  at about eight
o'clock in the morning of November 7th.  The lines yvere formed, and the  forces  marched  towards Belmont.  The pickets of
the enemy were encountered about one and a half miles from the town, and quickly driven in.  Very soon afterwards, the enemy
appeared in force, and the battle commenced with much spirit upon both sides.  As I was engaged in providing for the wounded,
and in superintending  the care they received previous to sending them  to the steamers, I am unable to furnish any detailed
account of the action.  The  troops appeared  to be in excellent spirits, and very eager to meet  the enemy.  Their soldierly
appearance, neatness, and proficiency in field manoeuvres were not satisfactory  The  approximate strength  of our troops was
twenty-eight hundred.  There were no hospital stores, or ambulances. There was a sufficient supply of morphine, chloroform,
instruments, and dressings.   The Avounded yvere attended to at a log house, about one mile in the rear of Belmont.  All that
were conveyed to this place were Avell cared for, and  after their Avounds were dressed, were immediately sent to the steamers.
There was abundance of Avater; no soup and no food except such as the men had in their knapsacks.  When the troops left
Belmont to again return  to the  steamers they were in danger of being flanked by the enemy, and,  consequently, some of the
wounded Avere left upon the field, and many of them remained till the next day, yvhen we removed them under a flag of truce.
There Avas no rain, and the night was  not cold.  The Avounded yvere removed from the field upon wagons, stretchers, and
blankets fastened to poles and muskets.   The action lasted about tAvo hours before the enemy Avere driven from their encamp-
ment.  There Avas some fighting also, by detachments, in returning to the steamers.  The enemy used both the smooth musket
with round ball, shot guns with ball and buck  shot, and  rifles Avith conoidal  ball.  Most  of  the wounded were conveyed by
steamers to general and regimental hospitals at Cairo,  Illinois, during the night.  The remainder of "the men, severely wounded,
about fifty in number, were conveyed to the same hospital the  next day.   Some of the more  slightly wounded were captured
and remained prisoners a few days before they were released.   I performed an amputation of the fore-arm;  also, of a part of the 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  MURRAY.
23
hand, and tAvo amputations of fingers, at the  hospital before  mentioned, upon  the  field.  I cannot say  if any others were
performed till after the removal of the Avounded to Cairo, Illinois.  A number of balls Avere extracted, and all Avounds Avere
temporarily dressed before the patients Avere  sent to the steamers.  Chloroform Avas  the anaesthetic employed.  No deaths
occurred from its use.  Between three and four hundred Avere Avounded."       *      *      *
XXVI.   Reports  on  the Battle at Mill  Spring,  Kentucky, and  the Hospitals at Nashville,
     Tennessee.   By Surgeon Kobert  Murray, U. S. Army, Medical Director  of tbe Department
     of the Ohio.
                                                          Headquarters  Department  of the Ohio,
                                                  Medical Director's Office, Louisville, January 22d,  1862.
     Sm: I have  the honor  to report that telegraphic information has been  received of a battle between General G. H.
Thomas's command,  and General F. Zollicoffer's  forces, at Mill Spring, near  Somerset.  The victory of  General Thomas was
complete.  Our loss was thirty-nine killed, and one hundred and twenty-seven Avounded.  That of the enemy was one hundred
and fifteen killed, and one hundred and sixteen wounded.   The Avounded of the enemy, together Avith a large number of horses,
wagons, guns, and stores, Avere captured.  General Thomas's command made a march of over one  hundred miles over almost
impassable roads, and yvere nearly destitute of ambulances.  I have daily representations made to me from surgeons of regiments,
brigades, and divisions of the absolute need of ambulances.  I have made every effort to have them furnished by tbe quarter-
masters here, but they cannot procure them.   Would not a representation from you induce the quartermaster general to send
them from Washington, or some eastern city 1  At least a hundred four-Avheeled ambulances are needed.   The tyvo-wheeled are
not strong enough for the rough country and bad roads here.  Our army, of nearly one hundred thousand men, is a moving
army, and the demand for transportation for the sick is  imperative.   We have much sickness, principally measles, typhoid
fever, and diseases of the lungs.  The average of men excused from duty is thirteen and a half per cent.     *      *      *
                                                                    Medical Director's Of*ice,
                                                      Department of the Ohio, Nashville, March 5th, 1862.
      Sir : I have the honor to report that I arrived at this place on tbe 2d instant.   I found that ample accommodations had
 been prepared here by the Confederates for their sick.  The hospitals which were, and had been occupied would hold thirty-
 five hundred men.  Many of the buildings, however, Avere not suitable for hospitals as they were warm houses with low
 ceilings, and long ill-ventilated rooms.  On the hill, near the town, the university barracks, blind asylum, and high school, all
 in the same neighborhood, with a neAV and commodious factory building, will make most admirable hospitals,  and all have been
 used as such, except the latter.  I propose to speedily occupy all these, and have recommended that, on tbe same hill, hospitals
 be built to accommodate  fifteen hundred men; so that Ave may have accommodations for at least three thousand, and in the
 same healthy location.  My experience in  Louisville has satisfied me that
 warm houses cannot be made available for large hospitals with any regard for
 the lives of patients.   I have recommended frame buildings with single yvards
 in each, and good ventilation, as these hospitals Avill be used mostly in summer.
 The troops made a forced march from Green River to this place, and  many of
 the regiments left their supplies behind them.  They have been sent across the
 river also, without tents, and are exposed at night to rain, Avithout shelter.
 We have to look  after over twelve per cent, of sick from the  command in
 Kentucky, and tbe men  here are  fast falling sick.  It is evident,  from the
 preparations for the sick made in this city and at Bowling Green, and from the
 accounts Ave have received, that the sickness in the Confederate army has been .
 greater than ours,  and that  much of it was produced by the  same epidemic,
 that is, by measles.  In an army which never exceeded forty thousand men,
 they must have had six thousand in the hospitals as an average, and they lost,
 at least, seven thousand  by  death.  I regret that I cannot send in reports of
 sick.  Our army has been  so scattered that not more than  one-half of the
 regimental surgeons could be reached by brigade surgeons and medical direct-
 ors, and their reports have been very partially received.  I had hoped, noAV
 that they are nearly all here together, I could get all reports in for January and
 February at least, but many  surgeons have left all their records behind them,
 There is a  great scarcity of medical officers.   The  average is about three
 medical officers to tyvo regiments, many surgeons being absent sick, or having
 resigned.  I shall adopt the  same hospital system here as in Louisville.  But
 the  citizen  physicians who have remained  Union men are but few,  perhaps
 eight in all, and our  soldiers Avill have a great  repugnance to be attended by
 the disloyal.  While the army is near us, perhaps for a fortnight, we can employ
regimental  surgeons in the hospitals.  I find sick men left in such miserable   Fic" 3-Map of the Battlefield °f Mill Spring.
condition, as I folloAV the rear of the army, that I have determined to give supplies to each division in the hands of a division
medical purveyor to fit up hospitals.  The transportation of the army is very limited, and one Avagon only is allowed a regiment,
and but two ambulances; so that  the sick cannot be carried along, and must be left in every village that is passed.   The
 
24                APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--MILL  SPRING  AND  FORT  DONELSON.
regimental surgeons cannot spare bedding, or even medicines, from their small supply, and the men are sometimes found on the
floor Avith no medicines, bedding, or any other comforts.  The army is still  encumbered with soldiers avIio will never be tit for
duty.  I have  recommended to General Buell to appoint a commission, consisting of the medical director, an adjutant general
and a paymaster, to visit each regiment, and at once discharge and pay off all those presented by the  regimental  surgeons, and
found to he proper cases for discharge.
                                         Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                                             R. MURRAY,
                                                                             Surgeon U. S. A., and Medical Director
Colonel C. A. Fixley,
      Surgeon General, TJ. S.  A.
XXVIL   Extract from a Narrative of Services in the Medical Staff, from July, 1861, to May
       28th, 1863.   By Surgeon David  P. Smith, U. S. Volunteers.
      #  *   #  «j first  entered the service in  July,  1861, as Surgeon  of the  18th  Massachusetts Volunteers.  *  *  In
December, 1861, I Avas commissioned Brigade Surgeon.   Reporting for duty on January 23d, 1862, to Brigadier General D. ('.
Buell, at Louisville, I Avas ordered to proceed, Avith all possible despatch, to General G. H. Thomas, the news of whose victory
over Zollicoffer, at  Fishing Creek, had just reached Louisville.  Purchasing strong horses, I essayed the mud embargo.  From
Lebanon, the railroad terminus, to Somerset, Kentucky, Avhere I found the General, the road to be traversed by all supplies for
the General's  division was of a most atrocious character.  It spoke volumes for the  hardihood  of the  men aa'Iio could  get,
not only infantry, but  artillery and supply trains, over it.  Although but seventy-five miles, a Avagon was often a fortnight on
the road.  Reaching Somerset on the 29th, I found the little village crowded, with sick and wounded.  Churches and the town-
house had been pressed into the service.  The wounded  belonged to the 10th Indiana, 4th Kentucky, 2d Minnesota, and 9th
Ohio Volunteers.   Going out to the battle ground, ten miles distant, to see if all tbe Avounded had  been brought in, I became
ayvare of the  terrible trial it had been  to the sufferers to be brought in  by Avagons  The roads Avere  of such a Avretched
description that, taking  into account the continual rain, it was wonderful that transportation of them to Somerset had been
effected.   Returning thither, I commenced service Avith the Avounded.  With  the  exception of a few primary amputations, no
operations had been done, and none seemed thought of.  The chief medical  officer was sick; and the others, neAV in the contem-
plation of the ravages of the conical ball, maintained the most heterodox and  opposite theories.  It was a lamentable example
of the tendency of  the human mind to pass over the golden truth present to the eye, and amuse  itself with fatuitous theories,
The dreadful  roads over which all of the wounded had been brought had induced profuse suppuration.  All the food that could
be procured was beef, pork, and hard bread.  Shortly after my arrival, I sayv one  man die from the irritation produced by
fragments of  the upper jaAv;  which, although split in every direction  by the passage of a  minie"  ball, had been left without
excision.  The same state of things existed also  in the case of a fractured loyver jaw, and was followed by the same result.
Tavo cases of gunshot wounds of knee-joint, in which amputation had not  been performed,  also  came to a rapidly fatal  termi-
nation.  In four cases of gunshot fracture of humerus, reported to me as doing well, I found such  complete comminution  that
in tyvo cases I excised large portions of the shaft, and, in the remaining two, the head of the bone.  One of the last named  two
died; the three remaining recovered, as I aftenvard heard, and had very useful arms.   In one of these cases a ball striking at
about the  insertion of the deltoid, drove a splinter of bone doyvn between  tbe head of the radius and external condyle.   One
man, Avith a buckshot in his brain, near the base, remained for one fortnight after the reception of the injury in a very comfort-
able, intelligent state; then convulsions, gradually increasing in severity, closed the scene.   Two stumps of amputations in the
continuity of the fore arm came under my notice, whether done for good and sufficient reasons I could not ascertain.  I sayv no
living thigh stump.  Of two  amputations at the  knee-joint, done  by me, one for sloughing stump  and  protruding tibia, the
other for gunshot fracture of tibia, I never Avas able to learn the results.  I twice ligated the femoral artery in Hunter's canal
for secondary hasmorrhage.  In one case, in Avhich the external wound had nearly healed,  the muscles had been so dissected
up, and the entire limb so infiltrated Avith blood that gangrene followed.  The other recovered from the operation, but I atter-
Avard heard died of diarrhoea about a month after the operation.  I found the  rat-toothed bullet forceps of Tiemann's peculiar
pattern of very great  use, enabling me  to  extract bullets Avith great facility.   I saAV here no  case of injury of elboAV-joint.
Several cases of gunshot fracture of the femur, of men belonging to the Oth Ohio Volunteers, yvere  doing well when I last saw
them;  and, as I aftenvard learned from the surgeon  of the regiment, they reached Cincinnati  in safety.  From  Somerset
General Thomas's division Avas ordered back to Louisville, and thence Avas sent around by steamboat to Nashville.  Nothing ol
interest, surgically, occurred during this voyage, or during our stay in Nashville."             *
      [Other extracts from the report of Surgeon Smith will be printed with documents relative to the Battle of Shiloh.]
XXVIIL   Account of the  Campaign of the  Army of the  Tennessee, from February to June,
     1862, including the Capture  of Forts Henry and Donelson, and the Battles of Shiloh and
      Corinth.   By Surgeon  John H.  Brinton, U.  S. V., Medical  Director of the Army of the
     Tennessee.
      " In the latter part of the month of January, 1862, preparations were completed for the departure of most of the troops
stationed at Cairo and its dependencies, on  an expedition, afterwards known as the campaign of the Tennessee and Cumber-
land.  The force which left Cairo on February 3d, under the command of General Grant, consisted of ten regiments of infantry,
chiefly Illinois and Iowa troops, Avith an appropriate force of cavalry and artillery.   The troops embarked on large Mississippi 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL DIRECTOR  BRINTON.                             25
   «nort steamers, and proceeded, on the same day, up the Ohio River as far as Paducah, Kentucky.   Here the expedition
1 'dto during the night, and, on the folloAving morning, having been reinforced from Paducah by an equal body of troops under
P  eral C F. Smith, steamed sloAvly up the Tennessee River, toAvards Fort Henry.  This  fort Avas erected on the right or
T  nessee bank .of the river, and was so situated as to command completely the navigation of the stream.  The Avaters of the
T nnessee at this period had risen forty feet above the ordinary level, an almost unprecedented height.  In consequence of the
 wollen stream, the fleet Avas enabled to pass safely over the torpedoes numerously planted by the enemy along the bed of the
river  On the morning of February 4th, the transports yvere moored in safety to  the bank, Avithin ten  miles  of the rebel fort,
and the debarkation of the main body of the troops Avas effected.  During  this day and the one folloAving, the gunboat fleet,
con^tin"- of the Essex, the Carondelet,  the St. Louis, the Cincinnati, the Conestoga, the Tyler,  and the Lexington, which had
acted as the armed guard of the transports, Avere occupied in clearing the river of the  torpedoes and infernal machines.  The
attack on the fort Avas fixed for  the 6th of  February.  In the meantime, General C. F. Smith's Division, consisting of the 7th,
9th 12th, 28th, and 41st Illinois, the 11th Indiana, the 7th and 12th IoAva, and 8th and 13th  Missouri Volunteers, Avith cavalry
and artillery, were debarked on the left bank of the river for the  purpose  of occupying Fort Hindman, which  crowned a hill
on the opposite bank, overlooking  and  commanding Fort  Henry.  Early  on the morning of the 6th, General  McClernand's
Division, composed of the 8th, 18th, 11th, 2 )th, 27th, 29th, 30th,  31st, 45th, and 48th Illinois infantry, the 4th Illinois cavalry, four
batteries of artillery, and four companies of detached cavalry, were ordered  to march towards the Dover road, in order to come
in the rear of Fort Henry.  At  the same time the gunboats were directed to open upon the works, and to drive the cannoneers
from their guns.   A heavy storm on the  previous day rendered the march of General McClernand difficult and tedious; and it
was Avith the greatest labor that his guns could be dragged  along.   In the  meantime, the  attack had been  commenced by the
<nmboats, and, after one hour's cannonading, the fort surrendered to Commodore Foote. It  Avas by him turued  over to Brigadier
General Grant, commanding the expedition.  After the fall of Fort Henry, the major part of the U. S. forces  encamped on the
hills overlooking the fort.  A feAV companies Avere placed Avithin the Avork and on the Ioav ground in its immediate vicinity.   A
small garrison Avas subsequently stationed here.  These troops occupied  the log  huts of the enemy,  and  Avere sufficiently
protected from the inclemency of the Aveather.  They suffered  much, nevertheless, from disease, especially typhoid pneumonia
and typhoid fever.  On the  11th of February, all of the sick Avho had  accumulated Avere  dispatched on board  the  hospital
transport City of  Memphis to the hospitals established at Paducah and Mound City.  The men Avho had been  scalded by the
 explosion of the boiler of the gunboat Essex had been previously sent to the hospital established at the latter place.   On the
 12th of February, one portion of the army moved in tAvo columns and by different  roads, from  Fort Henry on the Tennessee,
 towards Fort Donelson  on the Cumberland River.   Another embarked  on transports, and, under  cover  of the gunboatsg
 steamed doAvn the Tennessee, and up the Ohio and Cumberland Rivers, and landed  on the left bank of the latter stream, about
 three miles below Fort Dohelson.  The reinforcements,
 which were then  on their Avay  from St. Louis, Cincin-
 nati, and other points on the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers,
 were also ordered to this landing-place.   The march from
 Fort Henry across to the Cumberland River Avas readily
 accomplished, the road, for the  most part,  being in good
 condition.   The transportation and  baggage had been
 reduced as much as possible, and the army moved Avith-
 out tents, bivouacking  in the Avoods.   The hospital de-
 partment, in consequence of the limited number of wagons
 and animals at its disposal, carried but the scantiest sup-
 plies. It was intended that the residue of its stores should
 be forwarded by water to the landing on the Cumberland
 River.
      The force which moved from Fort Henry by land,
 in all some tyventy-eight or thirty regiments, advanced
 to within two miles of the enemy's stronghold.  Here his
 pickets  Avere  driven in, and a line  of investment was
 formed.  On the 13th,  this  line  Avas contracted.  On the
 14th, the skirmishing  Avas heavy,  and the enemy Avas
 gradually dislodged from the hills and Avoods and forced
 Avithin his line of rifle pits.  During the morning of this
 day an attempt was made by the gunboat fleet to force the
 passage of the river.   This, hoAvever, failed, as the fire
 from the Avater batteries of the enemy proved too severe.
 One or tAvo of the gunboats were disabled, and the fleet
 dropped doAvn beyond the range of the heavy guns.  On
the morning of the 15th of February, a vigorous sortie
Avas made by the enemy, aa'Iio endeavored, in force, to cut
his Avay through the investing lines on  our right.  This
attempt  on his part was, however, stoutly resisted, and
during the afternoon  and evening he  again retired to his Avorks.  The action  of this day Avas the most severe and bloody
which occurred during the attack.  In the meantime, General C. F. Smith, by  a determined assault, succeeded  in occupying
a portion of the line of defence, from whence his guns could enfilade the remainder of the rebel Avorks.   Early on the morning
following, Sunday, the 16th of  February,  the fort surrendered.
  Fig. 4.—Map of the Field of Operations of the Army of the Tennessee, from
February to June, 1862. 
26
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--FORT  DONELSON.
      Before entering into any detailed account of the action of the medical department throughout the siege of F,,rt Donelson it
tnav be Avell, for a moment, to allude to its general condition at the commencement of the campaign. The medical resources of the
expeditionary force of tbe Cumberland and Tennessee yvere altogether insufficient.   Irregularities in the quartermaster's depart-
ment had for months existed in  the  District of Cairo, and the supply of ambulance wagons and hospital tents to the troopi
composing the  force, did  not  equal the average amount  distributed to the other armies of the United States. The number
of medical officers, also, Avas too small; but tAvo, a surgeon and assistant surgeon, were, at that time, allowed to each regiment
while the regiments were, for the most part, of nearly maximum strength.  The amount of labor Avhich subsequently devolved
upon the medical officers  was immense, and when it is considered that the campaign about to be initiated was to be sustained
in a malarious  country, and that the troops yvere to he  subjected to every privation  and exposure, it Avill readily be seen how
unenviable Avas the position of the medical staff.  In addition to the ordinary hardships of the inarch and bivouac, great battles
were to be fought, and the wants of vast  numbers of men, placed suddenly hors de combat,  were to be met  and  supplied.  The
theatre of the bloody drama was almost a yvilderness.  Towns and villages Avere comparatively few, and the region, to a great
extent,  yvas uncultivated.  Farm houses yvere encountered  only at intervals, and  the  country had been impoverished and
drained of its resources by the  enemy.   The distances to be traversed yvere great, and the bases of supplies  remote. At no
time, during the early part of this campaign, were the conveniences for the establishment of large general hospitals to be found;
in fact, the drugs, medicines, and hospital stores absolutely essential for the field, were, with difficulty, obtained. Fortunately
for the  Army of the Tennessee, Surgeon J. Simons, U. S. A., the medical director of the  district of Cairo, had, at an early
        Fig. 5.—Side view of the Finley two-wheeled one-horse Ambulance.                    Fig. 6.—Rear view of the same.
period, organized a general hospital at Mound City, Illinois, with a capacity of one thousand beds.  After the surrender of Fort
Donelson, and the battle of Shiloh, the  capacity of this hospital was  augmented to seventeen  hundred beds.  The hospitals at
Paducah were  also en-
larged to the utmost, and
it was the endeavorof the
surgeons to keep, at all
times, a certain number
of beds vacant and in re-
serve.   The regimental
medical supplies, as a
general  rule, were less
than the quota allowed
by regulations.  Usually
every regiment possessed
one or tAvo tAvo-wheeled
ambulances of  the pat-
tern figured, and  one,
or sometimes tyvo, four-
wheeled ambulance wag-
ons. The former vehicles
proved, practically, fail-
ures ; they were too light
in their construction, un-
suited to the rough, miry   „
roads  of  the  country,   —
and were easily broken.
             *                                 Fig. 7.—Side view of the Wheeling or Rosecrans Ambulance.
89995 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR BRINTON.
27
Tl v accommodated but tAvo or three invalids, and, especially in rainy weather, required two horses to draAV them.  The four-
 •1  led spring ambulance, figured on the preceding page, fulfilled its purpose better.  Every regiment Avas furnished Avith the
 rd'narv hospital knapsack, intended to be carried by the orderly accompanying the surgeon, in action.  Most of the regiments
     «ed  also  in addition, a medicine chest, filled with drugs.   This chest Avas carried in one of the  ambulance Avagons.
     The surgeons of regiments were ordered by the medical director of the expedition to carry with them, each some fifteen
  t ventv extra blankets.  The number of hospital tents did not exceed tAvo to a regiment, and frequently there Avas but  one.
Of hand-litters  or  stretchers, tAvo or three Avere  usually carried.  The very great degree of dampness and  cold during the
   mencement of this campaign rendered some permanent means of Avarmth necessary for the comfort of the sick and Avounded
"  the hospital tents.   The stove usually adopted Avas the ordinary funnel-shaped one of sheet  iron, open at  the bottom, and
  laced directly on  the ground.   It ansyvered the purposes of heating a small tent sufficiently well, but Avas too small for the
larger tents.  Each regiment Avas also furnished Avith an hospital mess chest.
     The arrangements for the accommodation and relief of the Avounded, during the siege and assault of Fort Donelson, were
   efficiently conducted as Avas  possible under the circumstances.  The  medical department suffered great privations.   The
sunDlies of stores and medicines, for  the reasons  previously given, Avere  but scanty, and  the  number of medical officers Avas
hardlv sufficient.   Still, under the efficient supervision of Surgeon H. S. Hewit, U. S. Volunteers, at that time medical director
of the expedition, such disposition Avas made of the  men and means at hand, that all the wounded were rapidly removed from
the field and promptly and properly dressed.  To accomplish this result the folloAving system was adopted : every regiment, as
it passed into action, Avas accompanied by one medical officer.  This  officer  remained with  the regiment and shared its fortunes
and its dangers.  In all cases of severe injury, and Avhen the peril to life, was imminent, the necessary surgical attentions were
rendered on the spot, and under fire.  When the case Avas less grave, and especially Avhen the patient Avas able to walk, he Avas
sent  some tAvo or three hundred yards to the rear of his regiment to the most advanced  point attained by the ambulance train.
This depot was generally so placed as to be removed from the immediate range of fire.  The locality selected Avas commonly a
ravine  and the route was so chosen as to Avind in and  out the valleys, yvith but little exposure.   The fire from the  enemy's
"wis mounted on works cresting the hills, yvas apt to be high, and this fact contributed to the ease  and security Avith Avhich the
wounded were transported from the field to the large hospitals established in the rear, at points completely out of range.  These
hospitals  were  four in number.   Three of them, A, B,  and C, under the direction, respectively, of Surgeons H. P. Stearns, D.
W.  Hartshorn,  and Horace Wardner,  U. S. V., were established  in  small  log huts  and  out-buildings.   A  fourth was
formed of hospital tents, and Avas  in  charge of
 Surgeon  C. Goodbrake,  2Uth Illinois Volunteers.
 The author acted as consulting surgeon.
      A  building  occupied as headquarters, near
 the intersection of Hickman Creek and the Fort
 Henry road, Avas, during the progress of the siege,
 turned over to  the medical department, and  was
 also used as a hospital.  To these hospitals all the
 wounded yvere transported as  soon as they fell;
 those from the left wing to the hospitals at B and C ;
 those from the centre to the hospital at A, and those
 from the right Aving to an hospital near to A.  As
 the division of  General McClernand moved to the
 right, and when the severe fighting occurred on this
 wing, additional field hospitals were  established
 by Surgeon H. P. Stearns at some small houses on
 the roadside.
      All of the ambulances of the various regi-
 ments in the field were collected together for the
 formation of the ambulance trains.  Each one of ^,
 these trains was placed under the charge of a non-
 commissioned officer, Avhose business it was to see
 that a  continuous line of wagons should ply be-
 tween the scene of  conflict and the general  hos-
pitals.  These  orders yvere strictly folloAved, and,
 as a result, the majority of the yvounded on the
field were, in a few minutes, transported to points  ""
where  every surgical attention  could be rendered,
and where  their cases could be definitively acted
upon.  At the  general hospitals, the accommoda-
tions afforded by  the log  huts  and stables were
found to be utterly insufficient, and  it  became
necessary to extemporize  shelter for the injured.
This was effected by littering the ground with
hay  and  strayv, and spreading, as a  protection,
canvass covers obtained from the quartermaster's
trains.  Large fires Avere built, bullocks killed, soup,                                 , ,±  .       ,      . .,  „   .. , ~.  ,.  „ „,
.          "                             >   r>      -,IG g__jj-p 0f Fort Donelson and its Approaches, and the Hospital btations 01
tea, and coffee prepared, and  thus  the  wounded   the besieging Army.
 
2S                              APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—FORT  DONELSON.

were  placed  in  a state  of comparative comfort, despite the  inclemency  of the  weather.   The inmates of thes •  f .11
hospitals yvere allowed to remain four  or  five days, at the  expiration of which time arrangements yvere perfected  f,(r  tl .■
transportation to other points.  They were shipped  in steamers, sent  doAvn  the Cumberland River, and were  distributed
the hospitals  at Paducah, Mound City, Cincinnati, Louisville, and  St. Louis.  Many of the  operations  performed in the fi 11
hospitals Avere of the most seripus character, and the surgeons in charge labored  incessantly for several <l;i vs.  The imm • 1'
results of these  operations Avere, as  far  as knoAA'n, successful.   No case of death  occurred  under th'e knife or  foil  ■•'
immediately any major operation.  In almost every instance anajsthetics Avere employed, chloroform being commonly sele-fl
No untoyvard result folloAved its use.  In many cases of compound fracture of the lower extremity, and especially of the I ■
attempts Avere  made to  save the limbs.   These efforts, in some instances, Avere attended with remarkable.success.  At this Deri 1
of the Avar in the "West, the want of a number of hospital  steamers, properly fitted up and Avell officered, became  painfull
manifest.  The lack of such means of transportation was, in  many cases, the  cause of great misery to our poor invalids  and
to the certain knoAvledge of the author, many lives were, in consequence, sacrificed.  It Avas not until  some  weeks  after the
events described that  this deficiency was remedied by the action of the military authorities.
      The strength of the national forces engaged, during the three days' attack upon Fort Donelson, yvas about thirty thousand
men.   The loss, as stated  officially, amounted to four hundred killed, and one thousand seven hundred and eighty five wounded
The casualties resulting from cannon shot or shell, in this action, were comparatively small; by far the majority of the wounds
were inflicted by the rifle.  In many cases, the missile employed Avas the conoidal ball fired from the improved arm.  In other
instances, the wounds were produced by the round ball fired from the ordinary yvestern rifle.  The great predominance of injuries
from small arms, as noticed at Fort Donelson, arose from  the  fact that the action was essentially one of sharpshooters.  The
enemy, from behind his earthen breastworks surmounted Avith logs, kept up an incessant fire, to which the Federal troops were
unavoidably exposed for a protracted period.  The only shelter of Avhich they could avail themselves Avas the abatis of felled
timber on the hillsides in front of the  enemy's works.  This cover Avas  slight and precarious, and to  extricate a  Avounded man
from the intertwined branches and prostrate trunks Avas painful and difficult for him, and perilous for the litter bearers. Despite
these difficulties, the Avounded who could not drag  themselves off were borne away early in the evening of  each day by the
ambulance attendants,  whose courage and perseverance yvas  worthy of the  highest  praise.  In many instances they succeeded
in removing the Avounded from Avithin a very short distance of the enemy's lines. The loss sustained in this action Avas dispro-
portionately divided among the investing forces.  Some divisions suffered far more  than  others.  The casualties in General
McClernand's first division yvere  greatly in excess of the  average.   This yvas probably due  to its exposed position, forming,
as  it did, the extreme right  wing,  stretching toAvard the Cumberland river  and across  the road  leading from the fort to
Clarksville, the path by which the enemy endeavored to effect his retreat.
       The loss of the enemy during the siege and  assault was probably not quite as heavy as  that  experienced by the national
troops.  The former fought behind earthworks deliberately and carefully constructed, and for the first two days  they yvere but
slightly exposed.  During all this time, they yvere able to observe every movement of their assailants, and to mass their forces
and direct their fire wherever an assault was threatened.   Most of their wounded yvere rapidly conveyed, by steamers, to Clarks-
ville and Nashville.  At the subsequent capture of these towns, many of them fell into our hands.   When the village of Dover,
in the immediate rear of Fort Donelson, Avas occupied by General Grant, only  a feAV of their injured were  found, and the Avounds
of these were generally so severe, as to have forbidden their previous removal.   During  the vicissitudes of the fight of Febru-
ary 15th, one or two small temporary depots of the Federal Avounded fell into the hands of the enemy.   These patients were
sent by the enemy, with their own injured, to Nashville,  and a few days later were recaptured  by the national  force which
occupied  that city.  Immediately after the occupation of  Dover, all of the slightly Avounded were placed  in hospital in the
houses of that town.   The seriously injured, as has been already stated, were despatched in transports to large general  hospitals,
prepared  for their reception, in the cities on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.  The exposure of the troops during the  siege was
very great.  The weather Avas, at first, excessively cold; a light fall of snow, degenerating into a sleet, then occurred.  The troops
resting on their arms  during the night in the presence of the enemy yvere, of course, unprotected by tents.  But their greatest
suffering arose from the total absence of fires during the night, an absolute military precaution.  Each morning,  at sunrise, the
firing recommenced, and  it Avas with  the greatest difficulty that provisions could be prepared.  The suffering of the yyounded
during this protracted battle, although unquestionably great, was, however, not to be prevented.  The hospital accommodations
afforded by the tyvo or three mean farm houses in the neighborhood Avere, at best, but insignificant, and of hospital tents  there
Avere scarcely any.  Transportation for the few tents in the possession of the  medical  staff, when at Fort Henry,  had been
denied, simply because it could not be procured. In fact, the teams and wagons Avere too few in number to meet the wants of the
army.  Those at command were  employed day and night in bringing up food  and ammunition, and this  Avas  yvith difficulty
accomplished.  It Avas, hoAvever, a noticeable  fact, that despite the benumbed condition of the men before being wounded, and
their comparative exposure afterAvards,  not  a single case of tetanus occurred during their sojourn in the vicinity of Fort
Douelson. Nor does this affection appear to have been met Avith  subsequent to the removal of the same Avounded to the general
hospitals.  At least no cases were reported, and the author has  every reason to believe that they did not occur.   The unavoid-
able exposure sustained by the troops at Fort Donelson  resulted, ultimately, in grave diseases, which  materially thinned the
ranks of the army.  Diarrhoea, dysentery, and pneumonia  of  a typhoid  type became fearfully  prevalent, and thousands of
soldiers yvere broken down, and were then sent doAvn the  river to the general  hospitals.  During the tAvo weeks folloAving the
surrender of the fort, the army lay, for the most part, on the surrounding heights.   Detachments were pushed up the Cumber-
land River to Clarksville, and about the same time the division  of Brigadier General Nelson, yvhich had been  detached from
General Buell's army to reinforce General Grant, was directed by the latter to proceed in transports, under convoy of a gunboat,
to  Nashville.   This,  General  Nelson accomplished, reaching Nashville  simultaneously with the arrival of  General Buell at
Edgefield, on the opposite  bank of the Cumberland. General Buell, with  the army of the Ohio, had advanced  by way of
Bowling  Green.  General Nelson immediately landed his troops and occupied the toAvn, which, on the following flay, waa
formally surrendered  by its mayor and prominent citizens to General Buell. 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON J.  II: BRINTON,  U.  S.  V.
29
     By the early part of March, all obstructions to the free navigation of the Cumberland River yvere removed, and the army
was AvithdraAvnfrom Fort Donelson, and was again concentrated around Fort Henry on the Tennessee.   The yvaters of this river
still continued at an inordinate height, and its banks were, in many places, overflown.   Fore Henry itself yvas almost completely
submerged.   Towards the middle of this month the entire force, mustering nearly fifty thousand men, and filling eighty trans-
port steamers, proceeded, under, the command of Major General Smith, up the  Tennessee River, as  far as Savannah, on the
right bank of the stream.  The distance from Fort Henry  to Savannah is about one hundred and twenty miles.   On the arrival
of the expedition at this place, the debarkation of the troops yvas effected, although but sloAvly.  For military reasons the troops
were kept for several days closely packed on the  transports.  Many of these steamers carried a thousand men, and some few
even more, together Avith the accompanying  equipage and animals.  Sufficient accommodation had not been provided for the
troops on the boats;  and, as the result of the  overcroAvding and exposure to the  night  air, the same disastrous sickness and
mortality, which bad prevailed below, accompanied them  here.  An epidemic typhoid fever  of the most aggravated  form
appeared, and the daily deaths yvere numerous.  To add to the difficulties of the situation, the supplies of drugs and  medical
comforts ran short, yvhile sufficient shelter  and accommodation could not be provided  for the sick.  The town of Savannah
became one vast hospital, and nearly every dwelling Avas  occupied by invalids.  Hospital tents, so badly needed, could not be
procured, and the  transportation by the boats at the disposal of the  medical department,  Avas sadly inadequate.  In fact, but
one steamer, the City of  Memphis, Avas available for this purpose, and that but to a limited  degree, the loAver deck of the vessel
being occupied by the quartermaster's  department.   As  a  consequence, the  sick, not being  removed with sufficient rapidity,
accumulated on the hands of an already ovenvorked medical staff.   To remedy this evil, the author was despatched by Major
General Grant, yvho had reassumed the command of the  army at Savannah, to  St. Louis, the headquarters of the department,
and, after some delays, succeeded in procuring other steamers, the first of the noble hospital fleet of the western yvaters.  The
full description of the organization of this hospital transport system will be found elseyvhere.
      About the first of  April, the main body of the army moved to a point on the opposite or left bank of the river, knoAvn as
"Pittsburgh Landing," shortly to become the scene of one  of the most  desperate conflicts of the war, the battle of Shiloh Chapel.
The physical condition of the men  about to  engage in this severe action Avas  unpromising in the extreme.  Many of them had
been for Aveeks suffering from the  diarrhoea peculiar to the Tennessee River.  This is said to  result from the large amount
of animal decomposition Avhich takes place on the mussel beds or shoals, a feAV miles above  Pittsburgh Landing.  Whether this
explanation be or be not correct, it is certain  that almost every one  drinking the Avaters of  the  river suffered from a profuse
diarrhoea which resisted  obstinately the ordinary therapeutic means.  These persistent discharges greatly augmented lassitude
already resulting from the general malarious influence, and contributed to weaken the most robust.
      On the morning of Sunday, April 6th, 1^62, the national forces, commanded by Major General Grant, were attacked by
the enemy, led by Generals A. Sidney Johnston and Beauregard.  The disposition of General Grant's command on this morning
may be thus briefly stated.  His left wing rested on  Lick  Creek, and his right on  OavI Creek, tAvo streams emptying  into the
Tennessee River, nearly at a right angle to the course of the latter.   The main  body of  the  army lay betAveen these streams,
nearly parallel with  the direction of the river, and Avas arranged in  two, or rather three, parallel lines.  • The front line yvas
composed of the divisions of Prentiss and Sherman,  two and a half miles distant from  the landing.  The  rear, near the river,
Avas formed by the divisions of Hurlbut and Smith.  Betyveen these  two lines were posted the forces under McClernand, the
1st division of the army.  On the 4th and 5th of April some preliminary skirmishes occurred on the extreme front, and at day-
break on the 6th, General Johnston attacked in force.  His  command yvas  disposed in three lines, at  intervals of from five to
eight hundred yards. His first line was led by Hardee, his second by Bragg, and  his third by Polk.  A  poAverful reserve,
under Breckenridge,  followed in the rear.  The assault, fierce and impetuous, commenced on General Grant's right, and rapidly
extended along his entire front.  After a brief resistance,  the  division of  Prentiss, on  the  left, was pierced, and partially sur-
rounded, several of its regiments, with the General commanding, yvere captured,  and the  remainder of the command yvas driven
back.   Sherman's  division, fighting desperately, yvas also obliged to retire, and its camp  yvas captured.  The second  line,
McClernand's command, for a short period held their ground.  But the  attack  of the enemy was furiously pushed, and  their
supporting lines were successively brought into action.  By noon, the front and  middle  lines  of the Federal force, throughout
their whole extent, were pushed back on the rear lines in the vioinity of the landing.  The brunt of  the assault Avas noAV
sustained by the divisions of Hurlbut and Smith, the latter  commanded by General W. H. L. Wallace, who soon fell, mortally
wounded.  The career of the enemy yvas constantly and persistently onward, until he was confronted and held at bay by batte-
ries of  heavy artillery, hastily placed in  position.   In the meantime, the army  of the Ohio, under  Major General Buell, Avas
rapidly hurrying to the scene of action; and by half-past  four o'clook in the afternoon the first regiments of Nelson's division
crossed and advanced to the support of the heayTy battery.  At the same moment, the guns of the Lexington and Tyler, wooden
gunboats, opened on the  enemy, who incautiously approached too near the river on the left. Darkness coming on, the attacking
columns withdrew for a short distance.  The condition of affairs on the bluffs at the  landing was, on this night, most gloomy.
All of the camps, with the exception of General W. H. L.  Wallace's, had fallen into the enemy's hands.  Many of the regiments
were disorganized, and the division of General Prentiss Avas annihilated.   The capture  of the camps produced great suffering
among the troops,  and very materially interfered Avith  the care of the wounded.  Despite all the misfortunes of the day, one
consolation remained: the enemy had failed to prevent the junction of the armies of the Ohio and of the Tennessee.  The fresh
troops of the former were constantly arriving from Savannah and rapidly passing to the front.  Every moment of this night was
spent in preparation  for  the coming contest of the morrow.  Early in the morning, the united forces under Generals Grant and
Buell, the former reinforced by the division of General LeAvis Wallace, Avhioh arrived in the evening, moved forward to the attack.
The enemy, obstinately disputing the ground, slowly retreated, and the national army again passed over and held the ground
lost on the previous day.  By four o'clock, on  Monday afternoon, the enemy had been  driven from  the  field, and was in full
retreat on Corinth, abandoning his dead, and very many of his yvounded.  The Federal army regained its camps, and that  night
the troops occupied their old quarters without fear of molestation.  The labors of the medical officers during the  battle of Shiloh,
-nd subsequently, Avere most arduous, and were effected under every disadvantage. The capture of the camps had stripped the 
30                                    APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—SHILOH.

regimental officers of all their medical supplies  and instruments, Avhich Avere carried off by the enemy in their retreat  Tl
stores Avhich had been fonvarded from St. Louis had not yet arrived.   The number of medical officers avus scanty, and very nr
of them, Avho remained at their posts in local hospitals, had been captured during the Sunday's fight.   Under such eir-'  '
stances, the medical director of General Grant's army, Surgeon H. S. Hewit, U. S. V., Avas called upon to provide for wound d
as numerous as those  of Waterloo.   It must be remembered that this was to be done in a wilderness, that no depots exist 1'
the vicinity, and that  no toAvns or cities of any size yvere accessible.  The only building on the field Avhich could be taken {•
hospital Avas a single log hut,  fifteen by thirty feet, near the  landing, Avhich had been  originally used as headquarters   Th'
Avith a feAV tents, Avas the only shelter for the injured Avhich could  be  afforded in the first day's fi-^ht.  The removal of tl '
wounded yvas a matter of very great difficulty.  In the early  capture of the camps the yvagons and stretchers were lost and tl >
rapid advance of the enemy precluded the transportation of the injured to the rear by hand.  Indeed, during the battle and fc
the two days following, men could not be spared from the ranks.  Military necessity required that every man should be at his
post in the field.  The mass of the Avounded in Sunday's fight, who received the attentions of the surgeons, had dragged them-
selves, as best they might, to the high  bluffs between the middle and hospital landings.   Here, in  the vicinity of the log hut
previously mentioned, such tents as yvere procurable had been pitched, and such dispositions as the circumstances admitted were
made.   A limited amount of hay had been obtained from the transports, and this, littered on the earth, served as a bed for those
most grievously hurt.  All others lay on the soaked ground.  To feed the sufferers, bullocks yvere killed, and soups prepared
with great difficulty, for neither  cooking utensils nor hospital furniture could be obtained.  The yveather was terrible the rain
incessant, and the mud  almost knee deep,  The medical officers of  the command  labored faithfully, and all that was possible
yvas done to alleviate  the horrors of that fearful night.   To add to the terrors of the situation, it must be stated, that even the
plateau occupied by the wounded had become a thoroughfare, and yvas swept over by the retreating masses of our troops many
of Avhom, a panic stricken mob, sought the  shelter of the  cliffs to escape  the  fire  of the enemy.  On  the afternoon of the
Sunday's action, the shot of the enemy, also, fell freely among the writhing masses of Avounded, whose further removal or pro-
tection was impossible.   During the latter  part of the same day, large numbers of the injured were  conveyed by  boats, and
especially by the hospital transport City of Memphis, to the town of Savannah, seven miles  below, on the opposite side of the
river.  On the following morning, Monday, the advance of our troops and the retreat of  the enemy commenced.  During this
forward movement, vast numbers of wounded were brought in to the main hospital depot.  These were not only those who had
been hit on that day, but also  our own and  many of the enemy's wounded from the Sunday's fight.  Surgeon Goldsmith, U. S.
Volunteers, yvas placed in charge of  the main  hospital.   By the authority of General Grant, all tents that could be found were
at once pitched, and the hospital shelter was extended  to its utmost, and an  operating staff of the most efficient surgeons was
detailed.  These gentlemen, among whom yvere Brigade Surgeons M. Goldsmith, S. W. Gross, Maylert, Smith, Mussey, and John-
ston, Surgeon Stephens of the 6th  Ohio,  and Assistant Surgeon D. Bache, U. S. A., rendered efficient service, and are especially
mentioned in the report of Surgeon R. Murray.  A separate hospital  for three hundred men was improvised by Assistant Surgeon
B. J. D. Irwin,  U. S. A., who, by prompt  seizure of tents,  camp kettles, cooking utensils, etc., from a camp adjacent to the
fighting ground of his division, was enabled to place it in admirable  working order.  Dr.  Iryvin was ably and faithfully assisted
by Surgeon Menzies of the 1st, Surgeon Griffith of the 2d, and Surgeon  Welch of the 20th Kentucky Volunteers.
       On the morning of Tuesday, Surgeon Murray, by virtue  of  his  rank, assumed  the medical  directorship of the united
armies.  The general arrangements of Surgeon Heyvit were approved and continued, and every exertion was made to send away
the Avounded.   The organization  and fitting up of the boats was entrusted to Brigade Surgeon A. P. Maylert, U. S. V.  The
regular hospital boat, the City of Memphis,  under charge of Assistant Surgeon Turner, 1st Illinois Artillery, was immediately
laden with seven hundred wounded,  Avho yvere transported to Mound City Hospital.  The steamers Hiayvatha,  J. J. Roe, War
Eagle, and Crescent City, were turned over to the medical department.  These boats were at once fitted up, as well as the circum-
stances would  permit, and on Tuesday, Wednesday, and  Thursday folloAving the battle, were filled to their utmost capacity
and despatched clown the river to  the general hospitals at Louisville, Cincinnati, Evansville, Neyv Albany, and St. Louis.
Every boat, on leaving, yvas placed under the charge of an experienced surgeon, and, in their doAvmvard trips, many important
operations were performed.  Toyvards the end of the week, other boats arrived : the government hospital boats Louisiana, D. A.
January, Empress, and Imperial, all of which left full of wounded for the hospitals of the  great western cities.  The able presi-
dent of the western  sanitary commission, Mr. Yeatman, and Dr. Douglass,  of the  United States  sanitary commission, soon
arrived, and, by the distribution of the stores at their command, contributed much to assist the efforts of the medical officers.
In addition to the civil aid thus rendered, volunteer boats from a distance shortly made their appearance.  The one from Louis-
ville deserves special  mention. The officers of this vessel cooperated in  the most satisfactory manner with the medical director,
receiving and caring for the wounded of their own and other states, and also wounded Confederate prisoners.  It is to be regretted
that this same liberal  spirit did not animate all of the volunteer and aid societies who hurried to this scene of carnage.  It unfortu-
nately, however, happened that, in some cases, boats fitted out by  the governors  of states, and by local sanitary committees,
endeavored to distinguish between the wounded of their own and other states, in favor of  the former, and refused to receive, or
received umvillingly,  those yvhom, in the estimation of these charitable philanthropists, were not entitled to their aid.  In short,
so greatly did this illiberal conduct conflict with,  and prejudice the action of, the medical department, that it became necessary
for the director authoritatively to declare that, as regarded the wounded, all state  distinctions  should  be ignored, and that
the helpless soldier,  friend or  foe,  should alike be cared for.
      Despite the paucity of resources, the action of Surgeons Hewit arid Murray, the medical directors of the two great armies,
was, under these trying circumstances, so energetic that, by the expiration of the week of the battle, all the injured yvere sent
away to permanent city hospitals.  The total force  carried into this  action by General Grant amounted, probably, to fifty-five
thousand men.  Of these,  probably  some twenty thousand  were rayv  troops  who had never before been  under fire.  Ei^ht
or ten regiments behaved  badly, and  sought the shelter of the river  bluffs in an early stage of the action.  They scattered
along tbe  river side in complete disorganization, and yvere of no service whatever  in resisting the enemy.  The number of
regiments yvhich stood to their colors, and did faithful soldiers' duty on these two trying  days, did not exceed fifty.  The forc« 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON  J.  H. BRINTON,  U.  S.  V.                           31
 General Buell engaged on  Monday was about thirty-five thousand.  The number  of killed, wounded, and missing,  in  the
 Federal armies, amounted  to about tAVelve thousand; by far the greater proportion of these  occurred  in  the army of the
 Tennessee.  The casualties in the army of the Ohio yvere tAvo hundred and thirty-six killed, and one thousand seven  hundred
 and twenty-eight  Avounded.  It must, however, be remembered, that  the bulk of General Buell's force, arriving on Sunday
 night, participated only in the  action  of Monday.  The attack of the enemy on Sunday Avas met  by General  Grant's forces
 alone, with the exception, perhaps, of tAvo regiments of the  army of the Ohio, avIio,  on  Sunday  night, marched to the support
 of the batteries on the left.
      As has been already remarked, the supplies of medicines  and hospital stores in the possession of the army of the Ten-
 nessee, on the morning of the 6th of April, Avere but scanty,  and most of the regiments lost all, including their instruments, at
 the time of the capture of their camps.   The sufferings of our Avounded, Avhen carried  to the rear,  were necessarily much aggra-
 vated by this existing destitution.  This will, perhaps, be partially appreciated, if the reader will imagine thousands of human
 beings, yvho had been Avounded and lacerated in every conceivable manner, on the ground, under a pelting rain, without shelter,
 without bedding, Avithout strayv to lay upon, and yvith but little food.   The  situation of a hale man, stricken down by violence,
 is at all times pitiful in the extreme, even Avhen surrounded  by those who sympathize and render the aid they can.  But the
 circumstances attending the  battle of Shiloh Avere fearful, and the agonies of the wounded were beyond all description.  They
 yvere, moreover, fearfully increased by the dearth of those nourishments and stimulants so essential to relieve  the shock of
 injury.  It must not be inferred from these remarks that blame yvas to be imputed to the medical officers of the tAvo commands.
 Far from it; they did much, and all that Avas in their poAver.  The difficulty, at all  events, so far as the army of the Tennessee
 yvas concerned, lay in the absence of supplies.  This contingency had been foreseen, and strenuous efforts had been made by the
 medical directors to anticipate it.  Requisition following requisition had  been made for the very stores, medicines, and hospital
 tents, the want of yvbich proved so  disastrous  upon  the  6th and 7th of April.   Unfortunately, at this time  the  medical
 department of the United States army had not yet freed itself from that system of blind  routine which, serving well the wants
 of a small army, in time of peace, yet failed utterly to meet the necessities of a gigantic war.  With regard to the army of the
 Ohio, the latter part of their march from Nashville had been a forced one, and their transportation, limited to  but one hospital
 wagon to each regiment, Avas insufficient.  As this command approached Pittsburgh, the medical officers  were  obliged, from
 military reasons, to leave their ambulances  and hospital  supplies behind, and hurry on in pressing haste.  Instruments, and
 such supplies as could be carried on horse-back, yvere hastily brought to the field, and  thus, to a certain extent, immediate yvants
 were supplied.  A day or so after the battle, the trains  arrived, and also a storeboat  laden with  supplies,  under the charae of
 Assistant Surgeon B. Hoyvard, U. S. A., the medical purveyor of this army.  The advent of this boat, yvhich had been ordered
 from Louisville up the Tennessee river, yvas most opportune.  The supplies thus furnished, to a great  extent, sufficed to meet
 the yvants of the destitute and impoverished hospitals.
      The nature of the wounds caused by the fire to which the  troops were subjected at  the battle of Shiloh, Avas of the most varied
 kind.  At times they were exposed to that of artillery, both light and heavy, from yvhich almost every species  of projectile was
 throyvn—solid shot, round and conical; grape and canister, spherical case and shell. At othertimes, the fire was from musketry, both
 at long and short range.  The small arms used by the  enemy Avas the improved rifle, throwing the conoidal ball; the western
 rifle, and the old fashioned smooth-bore muskets.  The cartridge for the latter was generally composed of ball and buck shot.
 The smooth-bore musket was largely used at Shiloh, and there, as elseyvhere, proved itself a formidable weapon.   Its destruc-
 tiveness arises, possibly, from the fact that troops armed yvith it most frequently close  with their opponents.  The small balls in
 the cartridge also scatter to a considerable extent, and the chances of striking an enemy at short range are largely increased.
      As has been observed by Surgeon Murray, in his report of this battle, a large proportion of our wounded were hit in the
 lower extremities.   The killed were mostly shot through the head and abdomen.   No case yvas  reported to Surgeon Murray of
 death from haemorrhage, and only one instance of active bleeding from  a vessel of large size.  Surgeon Goldsmith, U. S. V.,
 mentioned to the  author, that being desirous  of learning yvhether external haemorrhage  often occurs as the  instant result of
 gunshot wound, he had placed himself immediately in the rear of a line  exposed  to a heavy concentrated fire.  As Avell as he
 could observe, of the many men injured  at this time, but one such instance  of haemorrhage occurred, and that was in the case of a
 soldier stricken in  the neck by a fragment of shell.  The carotid artery was severed,  and death was instantaneous, before  the
 observer, in close proximity, could reach him.  The death of General A. Sidney  Johnston, commanding the  enemy, probably
 resulted from haemorrhage.   It is stated in the despatch of Colonel Preston, who had his body in charge, that he received a
 wound from a minie ball Avhich cut the  popliteal artery, but he rode on, until, from loss of blood, he fell, exhausted, and " died
 without pain, in a few moments."  But very few bayonet or sabre wounds presented themselves; a remarkable  fact in an action
 of this magnitude, in which the losses on both sides yvere so heayTy, and in Avhich the forces engaged yvere at  such close quarters.
 The medical corps, throughout the whole of this" bloody conflict, behaved  with the utmost gallantry.   Brigade Surgeon Everett
 was instantly killed by a ball striking him in the  forehead, and other medical  officers were severely injured.    The operations
 performed on the  field yvere, many of them, of the gravest  nature; among these  yvere  a large  number of amputations and
 excisions.  The surgeons of  the principal hospital depots were heavily tasked, and worked for three days and  nights, yvith but
 little remission.  No  amputations of the hip joint  occurred on the  field.  Two, however, were performed subsequently on  the
 transports; one at the hands of Brigade Surgeon George C. Blackman, U. S. V.,* of Cincinnati, on board of the volunteer boat sent
 by the city of Cincinnati.  The patient died in six days.  The  other yvas performed by  Surgeon D. P. Smith, U. S. V., on his way
 down the Tennessee River, in charge  of a boat-load of yvounded.*  The patient lest but four or five ounces of blood, and reached
 St. Louis in safety, but died,  as the author has been informed by Surgeon Smith, six days afterwards.  The results of the surgical
 operations performed at the battle of Pittsburgh Landing cannot be satisfactorily arrived at.  The present system of surgical
 reports had not, at that time, been adopted, and the one then followed yvas extremely faulty.  But little information concerning
the action of the medical department yvas transmitted to the chief of the bureau, and that yvhich was furnished Avas, to a great
degree, destitute of professional interest.  The  rapid removal of the patients from  the scene of action precluded the observation
* Cases xxiii and xxiv of Circular 7, S. G. O., 1867, p. 34. 
32                                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—SHILOH.

even of immediate changes, and subsequent results were lost from the reasons above stated.  As far. hoAVcver  as tbe autl  r 1
been enabled to learn from verbal inquiries in many hospitals, the results  of the surgery of the battle of Shiloh, yvere, on the yyl <>]'.
unfavorable.   The exposure of the men immediately folloyving the receipt of their injuries, the absence of proper nourish! • 't'
the scarcity of medical supplies, and  the  prolonged transportation in  over-croyvded boats, all tended so to  depress the  y"i 1
powers as to favor, to a marked degree, the development of pyaemia, and death  from exhaustion.  At the time of this battle  't
yvas utterly impossible to provide permanently for the yvants of the wounded on the  spot.   The necessity for tin ir t-ansportati
yvas unfortunate, but it was inevitable.  A certain  number, some  eighteen hundred, yvere conveyed to the village of Savann-1
Tennessee, on the opposite bank of the river.   Early in the month, and immediately following the occupation of the place h •
the United States troops, a number of regimental hospitals had been located at this place.  Shortly after.yvard, the or<ranizatio
of a  general hospital Avas directed by Medical Director HeAvit. On  the morning of the 6th of April. Surgeon  Murray '
passing through the toAvn, ordered all buildings to he at once converted into  hospitals.   This Avas done by the afternoon of the
same day,  by yvhich time many of the Avounded from the battlefield above commenced to arrive, and the number subsequently
increased to eighteen hundred.   Of these,  about one thousand yvere placed in large and yvell ventilated buildings, tolerably well
suited for their reception.  Two hundred  were placed in the houses of  the inhabitants, and the remaining six hundred accom-
modated in tents.  The location and drainage of the hospital camp was  good,  cleanliness yvas strictly observed, and the ~eneral
police yvas  satisfactory.   The result of the cases treated in the tents was better, and their recovery more speedy than those who
yvere treated in the houses.   Surgeon  Stearns, U. S. V., medical director of hospitals at Savannah, in his report, draws especial
attention to this fact.  This experience at Savannah is only one of the many instances, during the yvar, in which the treatment
of wounded in tents in  the vicinity of  the battlefield  has  proven  highly beneficial.  Great  difficulty yvas experienced
during and after this action, in  procuring the necessary  hospital attendants and nurses.  No  ambulance corps had ever  been
organized,  and  no  details of men or  nurses could be  made from  the  ranks.  The  constant expectation of a renewal of the
conflict obliged the military commanders to retain every able bodied man.  The medical department yvas, therefore, forced to
depend for hospital attendants entirely upon the panic stricken croyvd  who had ignominiously abandoned their colors and
fled to the river for protection.   It is probable that no battle of equal magnitude, where the numbers of Avounded yvere so great,
has ever occurred, in yvhich the medical department was so destitute as on the bloody field of Shiloh.   It is equally probable
that, in no like conflict, have the wounded been so rapidly removed from the  scene of action; a result mainly  due to the ener«y
and ability of Medical Directors Murray and Hewit.
       As soon as the army at Shiloh  had been  disencumbered of its Avounded, immediate steps yvere taken to  perfect the
organization of the medical department.   This yvork yvas commenced  by Surgeon James Simons, U. S. A.,  and energetically
continued by Surgeon Charles McDougall, U. S. A., successively the medical directors of the united forces of the armies of the
Tennessee, the  Ohio, and the Mississippi.  The latter  corps, under General  Pope, had been operating  along the  Mississippi,
and, about the middle of March, had  captured NeAV Madrid, and Island No.  10.  General Pope was then ordered by General
Halleck to ascend the Tennessee River to Pittsburgh, and to join the troops already concentrated at that point.  He  arrived in a
convoyed fleet  on  the 20th of April, yvith a force of twenty thousand men.  His troops yvere. then incorporated yvith those of
Generals Grant and Buell, and  formed a part of the forces thereafter knoAvn as the armies of the Tennessee.  About the 20th
of April, Major General  Halleck, the  department commander, arrived from St.  Louis, and personally assumed the direction of
the field movements  of the  united armies.   By  his order, full powers for procuring supplies were  delegated  to Surgeon
McDougall, Avho vigorously applied himself to the Avork before him.  At the time of  Dr. McDougall's arrival at headquarters,
the medical supplies of the united armies were exceedingly meagre.   Great hospitals yvere absolutely needed, and yet but sixty-
five hospital tents, some two  or three hundred bedsacks, and a feAV cots yvere on hand.  In the midst of this destitution, the sick
commenced to arrive upon the  river bank, singly and by hundreds.  Orders  had been issued for the  command to prepare to
advance, and  these orders were  interpreted by  many medical officers  as  a permission  to neglect and abandon their  sick.
The type of disease, at  this time prevailing, yvas chiefly a  camp fever,  assuming a more or less typhoid form, and attended
with great fatality.  The violence of this  affection arose  from several  causes, the chief of which yvere the  insalubrity of the
camp sites, the impure yvater, and the scanty supply of fresh meat  and vegetables.  The ground, too, on which the army yvas
encamped yyas the field of battle.  On this, and in its close vicinity, thousands  of  men and animals had been buried, and in
certain portions of the plain  the effluvia yvere most disagreeably  perceptible to the  passer by.   As the result of these combined
causes, the sick list of every regiment was rapidly  increasing;  and it unfortunately happened, that the regimental hospitals
Avere not those  in which  the  invalid could best he cared for.  They were generally formed of an insufficient number of tents
pitched in the Avoods, on  damp  soil, yvith scanty supplies,  and yvith inadequate medical attendance.  The medical officers in the
command scarcely averaged  one to a regiment, and none were detailed to batteries.  The care of the sick in these latter com-
mands consequently devolved  upon the  nearest  regimental surgeon, yvho,  generally, Avas already overworked.  To remedy
these evils, Surgeon McDougall directed the formation  of large general hospitals,  intended  especially for convalescents.  The
most seriously ill Avere received upon the hospital boats.  The  largest of these convalescent  hospitals was established at the
little village of Hamburg, three miles above Pittsburgh Landing.  An  effective force of medical officers yvas detailed for its
oiganization and management, and supplies yvere furnished.   A similar  hospital was also established in the neighborhood of
Shiloh Chapel, and others, also, in the respective divisions.   When the number  of medical  officers was insufficient for the
regimental duties,  civil physicians yvere engaged  on  contract by the medical director, and were  assigned to different posts of
duty.  In the meantime,  ample stores of medicines and  hospital  comforts had arrived.  The boat of the medical purveyor lay
at the Landing, and the impoverished regimental hospitals were again  supplied. About the same time,  the 3d or  4th of May,
great numbers of bed-sacks and cots were sent from the East to Pittsburgh, by order of the Surgeon General.
_      At the expiration of tyvo  yveeks from his arrival at Pittsburgh,  Surgeon McDougall, U. S. Army, by his energy and
judgment  had  effected a complete reorganization  of the  medical department.  The command had been  relieved of its sick,
additional  medical officers, medicines, and  hospital stores had been furnished  to the regiments, and the vast army of more than
one Hundred thousand  men was again ready to take the field.   In the meantime, the enemy, after the battle of Shiloh, retreated 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  J.  H.  BRINTON,  U.  S.  V.
33
  the toAvn of Corinth, twenty-five miles  distant.   They there fortified themselves, and awaited an attack.   The possession
 f this place was of vital importance to them;  it yvas, in fact, the gate  through which  an invading force must pass to reduce
Memphis, and to threaten Mississippi.   The town itself is situated at the juncture of the Mobile and Ohio and Memphis  and
Charleston railroads,  and, once occupied, the fall of Memphis would become inevitable.  It was, in fact, as stated by Beauregard,
in his report of the battle of Shiloh, the strategic point of the campaign.  Its capture became the object of General Halleck's
further operations. To accomplish this end, the national army moved forward in the early part of May.  The troops advanced
slowly and with  great  caution, throAving  up breastyvorks at  night to  guard against surprises.  The  headquarters yvere first
established at Monterey, a deserted village  twelve miles distant from Pittsburgh Landing.  During the succeeding two or three
davs  the advance yvas continued  until the  enemy's yvorks were approached.  Fortifications were  then  erected, guns placed in
position  and all preparations made for a final assault.  Before, however, this yvas undertaken, the enemy evacuated the place,
and  on the 30th  of May, it was  occupied  by the  national troops.  During the time consumed by  the advance from Pittsburgh
Landing towards Corinth, every effort had been used to prepare suitable accommodations for the wounded of the anticipated
battle. By the directions of the General  commanding, and under the supervision of  the  chief medical director, vast field
hospitals were established for each separate army.  These hospitals were composed of hospital, wall, and Sibley tents.  .Where
these could not be procured, resort Avas had to tarpaulins stretched on poles.   These latter answered admirably, and yvere used,
to a lar^e extent, by Surgeon Maylert, U. S. Volunteers,  in charge of the general  hospital  of the army of the Ohio.
      The hospital of the army  of the Mississippi yvas  under the charge of Brigade Surgeon O. M. Bryan U. S. V.   The
largest of these tent hospitals yvas located at Monterey, five miles in the rear of Corinth.   This hospital yvas composed of several
hundred tents, situated on the slopes of two hills, in the  vicinity of a  running stream.  It  yvas under the charge of Brigade
Surgeon N. R. Derby.  One object in the establishment of these field hospitals yvas, not only to  provide for the reception of future
wounded, but "also to furnish accommodation for the numerous sick of the command.   The number of the latter was, at this
time, very large, amounting to thousands.   The medical director, in his  report of May, 1862,  computes the number sent at that
time from Pittsburgh  Landing to be not less than eleven thousand.  It was desirable to check this exodus of troops; for it had
been found that, of the vast numbers yvho left, but few returned.  This pernicious custom of leaving the command on the plea of
sickness was becoming too prevalent, and had been much encouraged by the presence of boats fitted out by governors of states
and  by volunteer commissions.   When it  yvas  once  understood by any command that a boat from their own state lay at  the
Landing for tbe reception of the state's sick, it yvas found impossible to prevent the flocking on board of many yvhose only com-
plaint was nostalgia.  The really sick yvere left  behind, and  the convalescent, and often the malingerer, was sent away.  When,
however, the large hospitals had been once established, these difficulties were remedied.   The sick from the regiments were at
once received into general hospital, and, when perfectly convalescent, they were returned to duty.  In this manner, many men
were preserved to the army who otherwise would have been lost.   The town of Corinth  was evacuated by the enemy about  the
1st of June.  The headquarters of the army yvere then moved to that place.  About the 10th  of June, the army of the Ohio,
under the command of Major General Buell, received orders to march towards East Tennessee, by way of Florence, Alabama.
Surgeon R. Murray, U. S. Army, accompanied this force as medical director.  The occupation of Corinth, the strategic centre of
the Tennessee campaign, having been effected by the  national army, the enemy fell back in the direction of Okolona, Mississippi,
and there massed his  forces.  The surrender of Memphis rapidly folloyved.  The position of  tbe command of General Halleck
at Corinth, on the line of the Memphis and Charleston railroad, completely cut off the railroad communication of Memphis yvith
the forces at Okolona.  The fall of the former city became thus a mere  matter  of time.  Its  reduction was finally effected by
the gunboat flotilla.  Immediately after the surrender of Island No. 10, the enemy collected his forces at Fort Pillow, fifty miles
above Memphis.   This  fort was  strongly garrisoned, and it was  supposed that it could effectually check the progress of  the
Federal fleet down the Mississippi.   On the 8th of May the gunboats approached this position.  The enemy had collected under
the guns of the fort a fleet of six vessels, four of them being  rams.   On the approach of the Union vessels, the Confederate fleet
came out and offered battle.   After an hour's sharp contest, three of them were sunk, and the rest retired.   The  national gun-
boats did not, however, pass the fort.  On  the  31st  of May, synchronously with the evacuation of Corinth, Fort Pillow yvas
abandoned, the guns carried off, and the stores destroyed.  The fort was taken possession  of by the United States troops, and
the flotilla dropped down the  river towards Memphis.  On the 6th of  June, a severe naval  conflict occurred between eight of
the enemy's gunboats and rams and the government fleet.  Seven of the former were taken or sunk, and one escaped by superior
speed.  The  surrender of Memphis followed on  the same  day.   About tbe 10th of June, a considerable force was posted in
Memphis under the command of Major General  Grant. The general headquarters were, however, located at Corinth, Mississippi,
and there remained until the General in command of the department was called upon to assume the command of the armies of
the United States.  The health of the forces in the department  of the Mississippi, during the  period in  which the headquarters
Avere established  at Corinth,  underwent a gradual and marked improvement.   This, as appears  by the report of the medical
director of the department, dated July 28th,  Avas, to a great degree, due to the care and attention bestOAved upon the sanitary
condition of the camps and hospitals; to an improved and properly prepared diet; and, especially, to the unwearied exertions
of the medical officers of the several corps.  In truth, the  admirable system inaugurated by Surgeon McDougall had produced
its legitimate  effect.  The medical officers felt their responsibilities, and learned  from  him not only how to avoid, hut also how
to remedy, errors yvhich had crept into the regimental medical  administration.  By orders of the  director, regular inspections
of camps and hospitals were made by medical officers detailed for that purpose; a rigid police  was insisted upon, and all failures
in this respect were faithfully reported."
      [Other extracts  from  the  reports of Surgeon John  H. Brinton, U.  S. Volunteers, will be printed in connection with
documents relating to the operations of the medical departments of the armies in Virginia.]
5 
34                             APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--FORT  DONELSON.

XXIX.   Third  Extract from  a  Narrative  of  Services from  the  Commencement  of  the
      Rebellion till July 18th,  1863.   By Surgeon  H. P. Stearns, U.  S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  " One week after the capture of Fort Henry, February 10th, 1S62, the forces of General (J rant, in tAvo divisions
respectively under command of Generals McClernand and C. F. Smith, moved towards Fort Donelson.  They approached  and
surrounded the fort upon the second day after leaving Fort Henry, having had very little skirmishing.  On Thursday, February
12th, at about 11 o'clock,  General  McClernand ordered three or four regiments to make a charge upon a redoubt yvhich  hail
apparently been silenced by our artillery.  When the regiments yvere within a short distance of the redoubt, the enemy suddenly
opened upon them with musketry and artillery.  The troops responded, and pressed on till within a short distance of the works
when the fire of the enemy became so severe as to cause them to fall back a short distance in some confusion.  They soon rallied
however, and again approached and held their position till  ordered to retire.  In  this engagement, there were yvounded from
two to three hundred.   They yvere immediately conveyed to a farm-house in the rear, which had been appropriated and used as
an hospital.  There were from twelve to twenty major amputations performed at this hospital.  Early upon Saturday, February
15th, the enemy attacked the right of General Grant's forces, the First Division, and a very severe action yvas fought, yvhich lasted
five hours. As I yvas engaged at the different houses used as hospitals, and in superintending the removal  of some of the more
severely wounded from the field, during the engagement, I can give no detailed account of it.   I  herewith subjoin  answers
requested by a circular letter from the Surgeon GeneVal, in reference to the battle, and also forward a copy of my official report
to the division commander, of the battle, exceedingly regretting  that some of the different points are so  imperfectly  filled up.
The reason of this imperfection was the impossibility of obtaining  reports from regimental surgeons, as the forces were soon
after ordered to leave to proceed  up the Tennessee River.   The spirit of the troops was excellent, in consequence of the  recent
victory at Fort Henry.  The approximate strength of the First Division was about eight thousand men.  The supplies of medicine
were abundant, but hospital stores were exceedingly limited. Most of the regiments had one or tyvo ambulances, and two or
three common Avail tents to be used as hospital tents.   The wounded were conveyed to three farm-houses in the rear of the
army.   The most distant was about tyvo and a half miles from Fort Donelson.  They received sufficient and kind attention from
the surgeons.  There was  an abundant supply of water;  but the supplies of food were such as the surgeons could get from the
surrounding country.   Some young beef cattle yvere found and killed, and soups were prepared for the wounded.   The weather
was very cold during  most of the  time, and a severe snoAV-storm  occurred, so that  it was impossible to  provide comfortable
quarters for tbe wounded.   They must have suffered exceedingly, many of them.   The wounded were moved  upon stretchers
and ambulances to the  field hospitals, and were thence sent to general  hospitals at Paducah, Kentucky;  St. Louis, Missouri;
Evansville, Indiana, and Cincinnati, Ohio.  The wounded were  all removed,  during  the five days succeeding the surrender of
the fort, by steamers.   Amputations and exsections of bones were performed at the field hospitals.  There  were but few amputa-
tions upon the field.  More were performed on the hospital  steamers.  The anaesthetic employed was chloroform. No  deaths
from its use were reported.  The approximate number of Avounded was eleven hundred."      *             *
       [Surgeon Stearns then encloses a copy of his report to General J. A. McClernand, commanding the  First Division of the
Army of the Tennessee.  The following extracts are taken from  this document:]
      *   *  *   " On the morning of February 11th, 1862, information received from you, General, induced  me to direct the chief
medical officers of the different brigades of the First Division to  see that ambulances, stretchers, medicines, and supplies should
at once be put in condition for march and battle.   The men unable to march  were  ordered to be provided for at  Fort Henry.
These directions Avere carried out. On the evening of the 11th, three brigades moved forward about four miles from Fort Henry.
On the morning of the  12th, the  enemy's pickets were  driven in by our skirmishers,  and, about this  point, I designated a farm-
house as a hospital for  the wounded of your division.  This hospital was used by the wounded of our forces on the 13th, in the
assault on the enemy's redoubt No. 2.   It was in charge of Surgeon H. Wardner, U. S. V., and  his assistants.   As  our right
wing advanced, other farm-houses  came within  our lines and were  appropriated  as  hospitals.  Surgeon C. Goodbrake, 20th
Illinois, and Surgeon Phipps, 8th Illinois, were placed in charge of two of these hospitals.  Here, nearly  all of the wounded in
the assault of February 15th and 16th Avere cared for, until they could be removed in steamers designated by the medical director
for their reception.  My personal attention yvas divided between these three hospitals, and I am happy to testify that the medical
officers Avere efficient in their duties.  It has been my intention to report fully upon the eight following points; but, after awaiting
reports  from  regimental surgeons for several days, I am compelled to submit a very  imperfect statement: 1, mean strength of
regiments on leaving Fort Henry;  2, number of ambulances and  stretchers ; 3, supply  of blankets  and rations;  4, number of
cases of frost-bite; 5, number of killed,  wounded, and missing in  action; 6, nature and results of wounds;  7, number and
character  of amputations;  8, mean  strength of regiments five  days after the  battle.  In the First Brigade,  the strength, on
leaving Fort Henry, was: for  the  8th Illinois volunteers, 751 rank  and file; for  the  18th Illinois, 671; 29th  Illinois, 542;
30th Illinois, 568;  31st Illinois, 598. In the Second Brigade, the numbers yvere: 11th Illinois, 579; 20th Illinois, 758;  48th
Illinois, 512; 45th Illinois, 615.  In the Third Brigade, the 17th Illinois  numbered  750 ; 49th Illinois, 645.  The strength  of
the 58th Ohio was  not reported.   The First Brigade had six ambulances and  eight  stretchers; the  Second  Brigade, five
ambulances and five stretchers.   The Third Brigade reported  one stretcher, and made  no report on ambulances.  The First
Brigade suffered from the want of blankets and rations  for thirty-six hours; the Second Brigade was without blankets, rations,
or knapsacks for thirty hours.  The Third Brigade was, during part of the march, destitute of blankets, rations, and overcoats.
In the First Brigade, 144 cases of frost-bite yvere reported; in the Second, 23 by name,  and a large  number not designated by
military description; in the Third, only two cases were  reported.  The killed in the First Brigade numbered 181; the wounded,
579; the missing, 47.   In the   Second  Brigade, the numbers  yvere:  killed, 95; yvounded,  398; missing, 34.   In  the Third
Brigade:  26 killed; 116 wounded;  15 missing.   The aggregate loss of the Division was 1,491.  The position and nature of the
wounds were not fully  reported.   Those regiments furnishing reports  supplied the following figures :  gunshot wounds of the
head, 56; wounds of chest, 38 ;  wounds of abdomen, 14 ; wounds of pelvis, 13; wounds of upper extremity, 61; wounds of 
REPORTS OF  MEDICAL OFFICERS.                                  35
lower extremity, 30.  But these reports are very imperfect.   Except that the 31st Illinois reported four amputations, no return
of operations yvas made by the regimental surgeons.   Only three regiments made a report of their mean strength after the battle.
These were the 8th Illinois, which reported 520 rank and file, and the 30th and 31st Illinois, which reported, respectively, 534
and 569."
XXX.   Report of the Operations of the  Medical  Department of the  Third Division  of the
     Army of the Ohio at the attack on Fort Donelson.   By  Sura-eon T. W. Fry  U. S. Y.
     *  *   #  «I take great pleasure in bearing testimony to the faithfulness with yvhich the surgeons of this Division of the
army performed their  duties.  They followed their regiments into the midst of  danger, and exposed their lives to aid the
wounded.   * *  Several  surgeons were exposed to a terrible fire, having been ordered to follow their men  into the line of
battle.   *  * On the morning of February 15th, during most of the forenoon, I  yvas engaged at the hospital, in a narrow
valley, on the extreme right, where the wounded from General McClernand's Division yvere crowding in.   *  *  The enemy's
fire was presently directed on the  hospital.  *   *  Officers of the rebel army have informed me that this fire Avas accidental,
and ceased the moment the hospital flag was seen.   About noon, on February 15th, I established a hospital on the extreme Mt,
at the  headquarters of General  Grant, who generously offered  them for, that  purpose.   *  *  By dint  of  perseverance, a
sufficiency of food was secured from regimental quartermasters.   *  *  There were three  amputations above the knee, and a
number of minor  amputations, extractions of ball, and dressings of lacerated wounds at the hospital last mentioned."  *  *  *


XXXI.   Extract from a Report of  his Services in the Fort Donelson Campaign.   By Surgeon
     J.  G. Iveenon, U. S. Volunteers.

           f  "I repaired to Major General W. T. Sherman, at Louisville, Kentucky, and was ordered to report to General
T. L. Crittenden,  at Calhoun.  *   f  General Crittenden was then in command of about seven thousand men, freshly recruited.
Measles and diarrhoea were particularly prevalent, and,  in many cases, proved fatal, in  consequence of the extremely wet
weather and impurity of the water.  *  *   After the capture of Fort Henry, the  13th Brigade of the Army of the Ohio was
ordered to report  to General Grant. *  *  Colonel Charles Cruft, 31st Indiana Volunteers, commanding the brigade, received
orders to proceed to Fort Donelson.  *   *   On Saturday, February 14th, the brigade of Colonel Cruft was engaged, and was sub-
jected to a heavy loss in killed and wounded.  The troops were in good condition,  considering the inclemency of the yveather and
the scarcity of provisions.   They were in a heavy snoyv-storm on Friday night, and many suffered severely.   Yet they manifested
an anxiety to meet the enemy, and right well did they indicate their zeal.   The approximate strength  of this brigade was two
thousand officers  and  men.  The  supply of  medicines and  hospital stores yvas  not wanting in any of the essential articles
requisite for the care of the sick and wounded.  There yvas a fair supply of ambulances.   *  *  No hospital tents.  *   *  The
wounded were taken to houses in  the vicinity of the battlefield, and cared for until removed to steam  hospital transports, and
transferred to northern hospitals.   *  *  The fire to which the brigade was exposed was from  musketry and artillery, and was
severe.  Many primary operations  were performed.   Chloroform was the anaesthetic employed universally, and in no case were
any bad results observed from its administration."       *     *       *
XXXIL  Extract from a Report of Medical  Operations in the Second Brigade of the First
     Division  of the  Army  of  the Tennessee, in  the  attack on  Fort Donelson.   By Surgeon C.
     Goodbrake, 20th Illinois Volunteers.
              "On February 14th, 1862, I yvas with my regiment.  On the 15th, I took possession of the house of Mrs.
Rollins  for hospital  purposes.  The wounded soon began to arrive, and yve had between one  hundred and fifty and two
hundred brought to our hospital.  It  was a well chosen place, a large double house, yvith several  outhouses, and a large shed,
which sheltered many.  We provided an  abundance of excellent soup from veal and poultry which yve  found on the premises.
An excellent spring supplied us plentifully yvith water.  I performed  many minor operations, such as cutting  out bullets and
buckshot.  I performed one amputation of the thigh and three of the arm.   *  *  The second brigade was  poorly supplied
with hospital tents.  The 11th Illinois had one regulation hospital tent and tyvo small ones, and one ambulance wagon; the 18th
Illinois had one hospital tent, one Fremont tent, and one broken ambulance; the 20th  Illinois bad three  hospital tents and two
ambulances, and a full supply of medicines and  hospital  stores; the 45th Illinois had, also,  three hospital  tents  and two
ambulances."      *      *      *
aXXIII.  Report of the Regiments constituting  the Garrison at Fort Donelson, February, 1862.
     L1 his statement of the killed, wounded, missing, and prisoners, in the engagements of February 12th, 13th,  14th, and
15th, 1862, at Fort Donelson,  Stewart County, Tennessee, yvas forwarded to the Surgeon General's Office on March 13th, 1866,
by Surgeon H. Z. Gill, U. S. V., with the folloyving endorsement:]
       1 his is an exact copy of a report, in my possession, made by Major Johnson, 1st Mississippi regiment.  I procured the
report at the house of Dr. Jeter, tbe father-in-law of Major Johnson, in the spring of 1864,  and believe it to be correct.  There
>s a remarkable item in it.  In the 4th Mississippi regiment, there were forty killed and but  thirty-eight wounded.  The  only
instance of the kind I have  known."                    * 
iV
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--FORT  DONELSON.
Regiment,
 Third Tennessee.................
 Tenth Tennessee.................
 Eighteenth Tennessee............
 Thirtieth Tennessee..............
 Thirty-second Tennessee...........
 Twenty-sixth Tennessee..........
 Forty-first Tennessee.............
 Forty-second Tennessee..........,
 Forty-eighth Tennessee............
 Forty-ninth Tennessee.............
 Fiftieth Tennessee................
 Fifty-first Tennessee..............
 Fifty-third Tennessee..............
 Second Kentucky.................
 Eighth Kentucky..................
 Seventh Texas....................
 Fifteenth Arkansas................
 Twenty-seventh Alabama..........
 First Mississippi..................
 Third Mississippi.................
 Fourth Mississippi................
 Fourteenth Mississippi............
 Twentieth Mississippi.............
 Twenty-sixth Mississippi..........
 Sixtieth Virginia..................
 Thirty-sixth Virginia..............
 Fiftieth Virginia..................
 Fifty-first Virginia................
 Battalion Tennessee Infantry.......
 Battalion Tennessee Infantry.......
 Company of Tennessee Infantry___
 Battalion Tennessee CaAralry.......
 Battalion Ninth Tennessee Cavalry .
 Company of Tennessee Artillery.  ..
 Company of Tennessee Artillery.  ..
 Company of Tennessee Artillery.  ..
Company of Kentucky Artillery___
Company of Kentucky Artillery.  ..
Company of Virginia Artillery.....
Company of Virginia Artillery.....
Commander,
Engaged,
 Colonel BroAvn...........
 Colonel Heiman...........
 Colonel Palmer...........
 Colonel Head............
 Colonel Cook.............
 Colonel Lillard___'.......
 Colonel Farquharson..___
 Colonel Quarles...........
 Colonel Voorhies..........
 Colonel Bailey............
 Colonel Sugg.............
 Colonel Browder..........
 Colonel Abernethy........
 Colonel Hanson...........
 Colonel Burnett...........
 Colonel Gregg............
 Colonel Gee..............
 Colonel Hughes...........
 Colonel Simmington.......
 Colonel Davidson.........
 Colonel Drake............
 Colonel Baldwin..........
 Colonel Russell...........
 Colonel Reynolds.........
 Colonel Steyvart...........
 Colonel McCauslin........
 Major Thorburn...........
 Colonel Wharton..........
 Major Combs.............
 Major Cowan.............
 Captain Milton............
 Lieutenant Colonel Forrest.
 Lieutenant Colonel Gantt..
 Captain Maney...........
 Captain Ross.............
 Captain Porter............
Captain Graves...........
Captain Green............
Captain Jackson..........
Captain Guy..............
 650
 750
 685
 751
 586
 400
 575
 498
 291
 372
 650
 200
 420
 618
 350
 385
 304
 280
 352
 624
 665
 658
 562
 443
 350
 280
 400
 275
270
 60
 15
600
340
100
116
113
 70
 76
 54
 58
Wounded,
Killed,
76
 5
40
10
25
85
 1
 9
11
14
 6
20
57
41
34
23
 1
66
19
38
84
59
71
68
45
 1
15
 5
 9
 2
 4
 4
 1
12
 1
 4
 9
 3
11
 2
 2
 1
 7
 2
13
19
20
11
19
 5
40
17
19
12
Surrendered

    5."H
    TIM)
    615
    730
    557
    301
    552
    465
    270
    351
    547
    185
    382
    500
    290
    300
    270
    279
    267
    600
    550
    554
    484
    334
270
 60
 14
100
303
 60
110
 90
 50
 40
SUMMARY.
                           State

Tennessee......................
Kentucky......................
Texas.........................
Arkansas......................
Alabama.......................
Mississippi.....................
Virginia.......................
    Total.....................
Engaged.
8,442
1,114
  385
  304
  280
3,304
1,417
15,246
Wounded,
338
103
 34
 23
  1
337
113
949
Killed,
85
32
20
11
112
 13
273
Surrendered.
7,220
  880
  300
  270
  279
2,769
11,738 
REPORTS  OF MEDICAL OFFICERS.
37
XXXIV.    Extract from  a  Report  relative  to  the   Wounded  on  the  Hospital  Transport
     Gladiator,  after  the  Battle  of Fort Donelson.   By  Surgeon  D.  A. Dow,  4th  Illinois
     Cavalry.
     *  *  *   "On  the evening of February 15th, 1862, the Avounded began  to come on  board the transport without any
medical officer to care for them.   *  *  I observed that some limbs  had been too tightly bandaged, and were greatly swollen in
consequence.  *  *  After the surrender, on Sunday, I visited the  vicinity of the fort, where many of the wounded were still
lying near the rebel works.  I administered temporarily to their yvants, and procured ambulances, and superintended their
removal to the hospitals at Dover."                    *
XXXV.   Extract from  a Report  on the  Wounded of the Eleventh Illinois  Infantry  in  the
     Assault on Fort Donelson.   By Surgeon Owen  M. Long, 11th Illinois Volunteers.
     *  *   *  "I enclose a list of killed and wounded of this regiment at the action of February 15th.   *  *  The Avounded
are so scattered about the field hospitals as to be beyond my immediate supervision, and I am unable to transmit a classification
of their yvounds. There yvere amputations and other operations at the field hospital, but only four major amputations came under
my observation.  One yvas at the loyver third of the thigh for a fracture of the head of the tibia, another, at the loyver third of
the arm for a wound through the elbow joint, the  others yvere of the forearm.  Many smaller operations, such as finger and toe
amputations and extractions of balls yvere made,  but are scarcely worth particularizing.  *  *  I understand that five of our
wounded have died since they left for the several base hospitals to which they yvere removed."      *      *      *
 XXXVI.   Report of the Operations of the  Medical  Department of the  Army  of the  Ohio,
      during and after the Battle of Shiloh, Tennessee, on April  6th and 7th, 1862.   By Surgeon
      Robert Murray, U.  S. A., Medical Director of the Army of the Ohio.
      "Sir:  I have tbe honor to submit the following report of the operations of the medical department during and after the
 battle of the 6th and 7th instant:
      " On the morning of the 6th, I was at Savannah, and  being  ordered to remain there, I occupied myself in procuring all
 the hospital accommodations available in that small village, and in directing the preparation of bunks and other conveniences for
 wounded.  In the  afternoon, the wounded were  brought down in large numbers, and I then superintended  their removal to
 hospitals, and did  all in my poyver to provide  for  their comfort.  One  of our Divisions, that of General  Nelson, reached
 Savannah on  Saturday evening.  This was ordered to march to a point on the Tennessee River, opposite Pittsburgh Landing,
 at noon on Sunday. This was  done over a bad road, leading through syvamps and low  marshes, through which it was
 impossible to  take wagons or ambulances.  Three of the Divisions were close behind; but, owing to recent heavy rains, their
 trains and ambulances could not  be brought up. These were ordered to move on as rapidly as possible, to be sent up to the
 scene of action on transports, which were sent doyvn from Pittsburgh Landing on Sunday evening and Monday morning.  As our
 medical and hospital supplies were thus, necessarily, left behind, I ordered the  surgeons to take with them their instruments,
 hospital knapsacks  filled, and such stimulants and important medicines as could be carried on horseback.  I  left Savannah by
 the first boat  on Monday morning, and arrived at Pittsburgh Landing at 10 A. m.   I found the  main depot  for the wounded
 established at a small log house  near  the  river, about  half a mile from the line of battle  at the commencement of Monday
 morning's engagement, and a little over a mile from  our  lines at that time.  The wounded were  being  brought in very rapidly
 and in large  numbers.  I found  Brigade Surgeon Goldsmith, under directions  from Brigade Surgeon Heyvit, endeavoring to
 provide sufficient accommodations for them.  This was a matter  of great difficulty, for, as our  army advanced, not only the
 wounded of that day, but those of the day before, both of our own army and the  Confederates, were found on the field and were
 transported to the rear  by hundreds.  The only house in the neighborhood was a log hut, fifteen by  thirty feet, and the  few
 tents which had been pitched were already filled.  We sought General Grant, and obtained his order to press into our service
 any men that  could  be found, and to take possession of any tents that we could find and have them pitched.  Leaving  Brigade
 Surgeon Goldsmith to perform this duty, I rode to the front and reported to General Buell.  After remaining yvith him a short
 time, I rode around our lines to ascertain that there were a  sufficient number of surgeons in position to give immediate care to
 the most severely yvounded, and then  returned to the principal depot.  Most of the yvounded yvere at  once transferred to that
 point, and I ordered  all the surgeons  that could be spared from the front on  duty there.  Brigade Surgeon Hewit, medical
 director of General  Grant's army, yvas then in the field in  front, and I was  unable to find him.  The thick woods and under-
 growth in every part of  the field rendered it difficult and almost  impossible to ascertain definitely the position of any of the
 troops.  During the remainder of  the day and night of Monday, I was occupied  in providing sufficient  accommodations for the
 the wounded,  in distributing surgeons to the different depots  established in tents pitched on the hills bordering the river, and in
 dressing and in administering stimulants, or restoratives, to the most urgent cases.
     Early the next morning, Brigade Surgeon Hewit reported to me, and requested me to take the general management of the
 medical department of the tyvo armies.  General Grant  having informed me that this was his wish,  I did so; but, with the
 exception of directing the fitting up of the steamboats, which yvere turned over to me for the purpose of transporting wounded,
 1 depended on Surgeon Hewit for the management of details. He was better knoyvn  by the officers of the issuing departments,
ana by the men, and was more familiar with the resources at hand.  His untiring exertions and persevering efforts to provide
all  possible comforts for  the wounded had won my highest commendation.  Many of the wounded had been  put on board the 
38                                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—SHILOH.
quartermaster and commissary storeships at the  Landing, and, in the  confusion, numbers had  found  their way or h d 1
carried  yvithout authority on board small steamers, and it was no easy task to find out all these and to provide fb  tl ^
medical attendance, food, and nursing.
      The hospital boat City of Memphis, after taking two loads of Avounded to Savannah, was sent off with seven hundred
more to Mound City.  The Minnehaha, Commodore Perry, John J. Roe, War Eagle, Crescent City, and Hiawatha were turned
over to us on Tuesday, Wednesday, and  Thursday.  They were fitted up as well and rapidly as possible, filled to their utnioit
capacity with wounded, and sent to the  general  hospitals at  St. Louis, Evansville, Louisville, Neyv Albany, and Cincinn t'-
About the latter part of the week, Surgeon J. Simons, U. S. A., arrived, and I relinquished to him the duties of medical director
About the same time, the hospital boats D. A. January, Louisiana,  Empress, and Imperial arrived, and, also, several boats fitted
up by  state or local  sanitary commissions  from different cities, and one  under the direction of the United States sanitary
commission.  I regret exceedingly that yve had not enough boats under the entire control of the  Government to transport all
our wounded; for, oyving to the unhealthfulness of this location and the absence of all hospital accommodations, this transporta-
tion yvas unfortunately necessary.  Some of the  volunteer boats, especially the  one under the control of the United States
sanitary commission and the one from Louisville, gave us most satisfactory assistance, taking, yvith equal readiness, the sick and
wounded, both National  and Confederate.   But those fitted out by governors  of states and  by some of the  local sanitary
committees caused much irregularity.  They sought eagerly for Avounded from their own states, received very reluctantly, or
declined to receive, wounded from other states or Confederate wounded, no  matter how uncomfortable they were on shore
Notice would be sent to  regiments that  a boat was at  the Landing ready to receive and take to their homes the wounded or
sick of a particular state.   This,  of course, would bring down many who were not sufficiently sick to be  sent to hospital  or
who were very slightly wounded, and many of this class  succeeded in getting off without detection.  Even were none carried
away but proper hospital cases, much irregularity and unnecessary cost  to the  Government will arise from this system.  The
yvounded are not left by the state authorities at regularly established military hospitals, but are, in most instances, put in private
hospitals or houses at a much  greater cost to  the Government, and  are  separated entirely from the army, probably never to
return to duty.  I fear, too, that many unnecessary operations are performed by the amateur surgeons on board these boats.
      The whole affair was most unsatisfactory to me.  Our army was hurried  up to take part in a terrific battle, leaving all
the tents, bedding, ambulances, and medical supplies behind.  I arrived when the second day's fight was half over, and found
some five or six thousand wounded to be provided for, with, literally, no accommodations or comforts, not even the necessaries
of life, no bedding, no cooking utensils, or table furniture, not even cups, spoons, or plates, or knives and forks, no vegetables,
nor even fresh beef for the  first day.  It yvas raining incessantly, and the mud was very deep;  it was impossible to obtain tents
enough  to shelter the yvounded, or  straw for them to lie upon.  The battle was raging  a mile and a half in front, and, for two
days after the fight, all the effective and well organized soldiers were held in readiness for another conflict.   The only details of
men procured to act as police for the hospital depots, and as nurses, cooks, and attendants, were from  the  panic-stricken mob
who had sought safety on the banks of the river,  and, these men, it yvas impossible to keep at work.  There was some hay on
board vessels  at the Landing,  but the  roads and banks were  blocked up with teams, some mired in the deep mud,.others
hurrying on with provisions, ammunition, etc., for the troops in the advance.  We could not get teams, and not men enough to
carry hay to the tents, except in very insufficient quantities.   We were, also, very short of medical officers; the yvhole command
averaged little over one to a regiment.  Much of the time of the few we had was  occupied in procuring food and attendants for
the yvounded,  and even in pressing in details of. men to  bury the dead, who  were  left for  days unburied about the hospital
depots.   Many of the wounded were not even dressed  before  they were sent off.  I placed an  experienced surgeon, with
assistants, on each of the boats sent under my orders, and the necessary operations and dressings were performed in transit to
general hospitals.  By the sad experience of this battle, I am confirmed in the opinion of the absolute necessity of the addition
to the medical department of a sufficient  corps of medical purveyors, who, in addition to furnishing  medical supplies, shall act
as quartermasters and commissaries to the medical department in furnishing quarters, transportation, furniture, provisions, etc.,
for the sick and wounded.  And, also, that there should be a large number of enlisted hospital attendants attached to the medical
department.  They should  have no other duty but to nurse and attend on the sick, should have a distinctive uniform, and be
thoroughly instructed in their duties.  This would obviate much of the confusion and  difficulty in providing for the wounded
after a battle, and  the  enlisted  attendants having, as part of their duty,  to remove the yvounded from the field, tbe great evil
of half  a dozen men leaving the ranks to remove even one slightly wounded man  would be avoided..
      I enclose a list of the number of killed and wounded from each regiment, brigade, and division of the Army of the Ohio,
showing a total in the three divisions of our army yvhich  yvere engaged of tyvo  hundred and thirty-six killed, and one thousand
seven hundred and twenty-eight Avounded.  The number of killed, wounded, and missing in General Grant's army is, I  am
informed, very large; nearly eight  thousand.   I think that his loss in killed and Avounded was about three  times as great as
Buell's, and that the whole loss is nearly twelve thousand.   A large proportion of the wounds were in the lower extremities.  Most
of the killed were shot through the head  or abdomen.   No instance was reported to  me of death from haemorrhage, and but one
of active bleeding from a large artery.  The arm was taken off at  the shoulder joint in many instances, and a large number of
resections of portions of the bones of the arm, and some excisions of the shoulder and elboyv joints, were made.  It was unfor-
tunate that we were obliged to  send off our patients a day or two after the operations yvere performed, making it difficult to
trace the cases.  The subjects of the capital operations were generally doing well when  delivered at hospitals.  Verbal reports
have been made to me that pyaemia followed in many instances, hut I have no definite information on that head.  The medical
officers  were,  yvith feyv exceptions, active  and zealous in the performance of their duties.  Brigade Surgeon H. S. Hewit,
medical director of General Grant's army corps, was most earnest and energetic in his efforts to provide for the yvounded under
the most adverse  circumstances.  I have every reason to  believe, from the testimony of the medical purveyor and others, that
the yvant of supplies was not owing to lack of  effort on his part, but that he  made urgent and repeated  requisitions for large
supplies.  Many of the regiments in his  command had lost all their  hospital  tents and supplies on Sunday, they having been
captured, with many of the surgeons, also, by the enemy.  It was impossible for  me to have had  adequate supplies for  our 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  MURRAY.
39
army.  Even if our transportation could have been brought up, we wpuld not have  had an  adequate outfit, as we were
restricted to one yvagon to a regiment for the hospital department.  Until about the time we left Nashville, I did not know our
destination.  I then ordered, from Louisville, ample supplies of bedding and stores, for the Army of the Ohio.  These arrived a
week after the battle, and were turned over to  Surgeon McDougall for  the  benefit of the three armies under his  medical
direction.
     The divisionTnedical directors of General Buell's army, Brigade Surgeons Maylert and Goldsmith, and Assistant Surgeon
B. J. D.  Irwin, U. S. A., yvere very efficient  in performing all  their duties.   Brigade  Surgeon Maylert has, for seven months,
been medical director of our largest Division, the  Second,  and, by his admirable  method and tact in organization,  and his
familiarity yvith the regulations and his duties, has brought its medical department to a most effective condition.  Although quite
sick at the time of the action, he performed his duties thoroughly, and yvas  afterwards of great  assistance to  me in fitting  out
and organizing the boats for the reception and transportation of the yvounded.   Brigade  Surgeon Goldsmith, also very sick at
the time, rendered invaluable  service.   After giving proper instructions to the surgeons of the Fifth Division, in the field, he
was of great assistance in  establishing the  main depots for the yvounded, and his  services were afterwards of the utmost
benefit, not only in directing the most important operations on board the boats, but, also, in preventing the too indiscriminate  use
of the knife.   Assistant Surgeon Iryvin deserves very great credit for his admirable management on  the field, as well  as for his
promptness and professional skill in the care of the yvounded.   He found a house on the left of the field, where his Division yvas
engaged, and,  by securing tents from the neighboring camps,  and  collecting camp furniture, he succeeeded in  organizing and
putting in good yvorking order  a hospital for three hundred  patients, partly of the  wounded of his own command, partly of
those of  General Grant's army, who yvere wounded in that part of the  field on Sunday, and partly of Confederate  wounded.
These Avere so yvell taken care of in every yvay, that I designated them as the last to send on board of the boats.  Surgeon Irwin
speaks in high terms of Surgeon Menzies,  1st Kentucky, Surgeon Griffiths, 2d Kentucky, Surgeon Welch, 20th  Kentucky, and
others, who assisted  him.   Brigade Surgeon S.  W. Gross was put in charge of the principal depot for the  wounded.   He
worked  zealously day and night for three days,  and, by his  surgical dexterity and  his excellent  management, rendered the
greatest service.  He yvas ably assisted by Brigade Surgeons Bradford and Johnson, and several regimental surgeons.  Brigade
Surgeon  N. Gay, and Surgeon Sherman, 9th Indiana, in charge temporarily of another  depot,  and Surgeon L. D. Waterman,
39th Indiana,  who worked  incessantly, night and day, yvith the wounded  at another large depot, all rendered most valuable
services.  Surgeon Stephens, 6th Ohio,  who had charge of the first depot at the log house, was conspicuous for his skill and his
steadiness at his post.  For four days and nights he could be seen at his work at all hours; and, during this time, he scarcely ate
or slept.  Assistant Surgeon  D. Bache, U.  S. A., attached  to  Terrill's battery, performed his duty faithfully  and well.   He
not only attended to  the wounded of his own battery, but to nearly one hundred  Confederates, whom he picked  up in  the
neighborhood of  his camp.
      The urgent  necessity for my presence at the principal depots made my stay on the field short, and I had little oppor-
tunity of seeing how the regimental medical  officers performed their duties; they are  spoken of, hoAvever, in high terms by tbe
medical directors and regimental commanders.
      Nearly one thousand of the Confederate wounded fell into our hands, and I am happy to  say that our medical officers
and men shoAved them the same attention that they did our own; indeed, the men were more  ready to nurse and to attend to
the wants of the wounded  of the enemy than to our  own men.   I regret to say, that they showed the utmost apathy  and
indifference to the sufferings of their fellow soldiers, and were, with difficulty, forced into  doing them any service, while their
curiosity and wish to converse with the yvounded  Confederates, in some measure, overcame their inertness.
      As the  enemy advanced on  Sunday,  they  took charge of many of our wounded, and some Avere sent hack to hospitals
near Corinth, and have only recently  been  recovered.  They all testify to the kind  treatment which they had received from
the surgeons and men on the other side.
      But one instance of mutilation was reported to me.  A Confederate soldier was found with his throat cut; but, as one of
our colonels claims to have taken a battery, and to have cut off the  head of a gunner with  a knife which he Avrested from
another rebel, this was perhaps the man.  Our dead were buried by  our own men, as were also the dead of the enemy, and I
have heard of  no instance of mutilated bodies being found.  Two of the  Divisions of our army, the first and sixth,  did  not
arrive until after the battle.  Brigade Surgeons Mussey and Smith, chief medical officers, and the surgeons under them, gave
valuable  assistance in operating  and dressing the  yvounded, particularly of  the enemy. Brigade Surgeon D. P.  Smith was  put
in charge of the Crescent City, and was sent to St. Louis with a number of badly  wounded  men.  Among other  important
operations on the trip, he amputated at the  hip joint.  The  patient  did not lose four ounces  of blood, and, when left at St.
Louis, was doing well, his condition having improved after the operation.*
     It  is remarkable that the conical balls extracted, both from our own wounded and the Confederates, Avere, in almost every
instance, bent and tAvisted,  and, in some cases, split.   They must be made of softer material than the European minie balls; or,
probably, the difference may be oAving to ours being molded and not pressed.
                       I have the honor  to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                      R.  MURRAY, Surgeon  U. S. A.,
                                                                          Medical Director of the District of the Ohio.
To Surgeon  R. C. Wood,  U. S. A., Acting Surgeon General,
                                          Washington, I). C.
* See Cask xxiii, p. 34, Circular No. 7, S. G. O. 1867. 
40                                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—SHILOH.

XXXVII.—Extracts from letters to  the  Surgeon  General, relative to  the  Operations of the
      Medical Department subsequent to the  Battle of Shiloh.   By Surgeon Charles McDouoali
      U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Army  of the Tennessee.

      *  *  *  "On being assigned to duty on April 28th, 1862. as medical director of the armies of the Tennessee, I found the
purveying store-houses almost destitute of hospital supplies, especially of bedding, so much needed, and yvithout which yve were
helpless in providing for the comfort of the sick.  My embarrassment was great, when orders yvere issued to establish a conva-
lescent hospital at Hamburgh, four miles above Pittsburgh Landing, with sixty-five hospital tents, tyvo hundred bedsacks  and
two hundred and forty cots.   Before the medical officers  and  attendants arrived at Hamburgh, the sick were pouring in Trom
all quarters, and the hospital boats on the river yvere fast filling up.   Orders had been given for a forward movement.  For
five days, from morning until night, the unfortunate sick were thrown on the bank of the river, in parties of from two to fifty
and, in most instances, yvithout any report in their cases, other than that they yvere  sick.  Three or  four assistants and  mvself
yvere engaged during the five days in attentions to them,  and  distributing them to the floating and convalescent hospitals.  Two
thousand were sent off to hospitals in Missouri, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, and tyvo thousand five hundred, to the convalescent
hospital at Hamburgh.  Half of the  latter  yvere without shelter,  for want of tents.  *  *  The imperfect arrangements of
the medical department, the  insufficiency of  supplies, the Avant of attention  to the  regulations, on the  part of medical  officers
and the deplorable state of the sick will perhaps account for this state of affairs.  I have  earnestly  endeavored to rectify this
condition of things, and believe  that in a few weeks our department -will be in an  improved condition.  Within the last six days
about three thousand sick and wounded have been sent to the different hospitals in the yvestern country.  A convalescent hospital
has been established at Hamburgh, where there are about three thousand men, and about two thousand are  yet to be sent'off.
We have tyvo small-pox hospitals, Avith about thirty cases in each;  and I am  gratified in stating that this infectious disease is on
the decrease.  From careful inquiry, I find that at least one-half of the sick  are cases of chronic  diarrhoea, which  should have
been discharged for disability or sent to general hospitals.  The great majority of such cases cannot  get well in camp or in this
climate.  Remaining in the immediate proximity of the army, such patients only retard its operations, and divert the services of the
regimental surgeons and assistant surgeons from their special duties in the field.   *  *  The medical supplies from the several
points indicated by your letter here have mostly arrived.  The purveying department can noAV meet any exigency.  Had yve tents
and cots, the sick and yvounded could be made as comfortable as is possible in the field.  The reports required from the prin-
cipal  medical  officers of the  number  of brigade, regimental, and  assistant regimental  surgeons have not  been received, and
reports of the number of ambulances, hospital tents, and litters have also been neglected.  This  may be  owing to  the confusion
consequent upon an advance.  The arrangements by the  several medical directors for an impending battle have  been judicious,
and I am indebted to their experience and aid in making the details for field and hospitals.  The three senior brigade surgeons
of the convalescent hospital at Hamburgh were constituted a board  to examine and report upon  such cases as were proper
subjects for transfer to distant hospitals.  The medical officers at Pittsburgh post performed the  same service.   Deeming it
better that this should be a special duty, and connected with  inspections of the sanitary conditions of the camps and hospitals,
Surgeon W. R. Thrall, 27th Ohio, has been assigned thereto  as acting medical inspector.  He has just returned  from Memphis,
Tennessee, as a paroled prisoner, taken in the skirmish of  the 8th.  From approximative estimates, nearly eleven thousand
have already been sent off.   The number diminishes daily.  I believe the  health of the army improves as  it recedes from the
Tennessee River.  My recommendation to establish hospitals in the rear of  the several armies has been approved, and is now
being carried into effect.  The centre hospital will be the largest of the three.   This arrangement will prevent the ill  consequences
ensuing from the hauling of sick in wagons  long distances over rough roads.  The many deaths occurring  on the bank of this
river after the advance,  yvere mostly confined to the sick affected yvith typhoid fever.  Orders  have been given  that no fever
patients should be moved until  after convalescence."      *       *      *
XXXVIIL    Extract from a Narrative of his Service in the Medical Staff.   By Surgeon N. R.
      Derby, U. S.  Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "In obedience to an order from the War Department, dated September 4th, 1861, I reported for duty to Major
General Hunter, at Rolla, Missouri.  Being directed, September 23d, to open a general hospital at that place, I took possession
of an unfinished court-house, designing to have it put in complete repair for hospital  purposes;  but a general movement of the
different commands, the day folloAving, threw a large  number of sick upon my hands, for whose comfort no adequate provision
had been made.   Everything  had to be  extemporized, and that from the rudest materials.  The building consisted simply of
four  bare Avails, with  no outbuildings of any kind.  The medicines and hospital stores  required for immediate use had not
arrived from St. Louis.  The departing regiments took yvith them their medical officers and hospital attendants, leaving simply
the sick,  with yvhich the court-house  yvas immediately filled.  To accommodate all, it was found necessary to take possession ot
some dwelling houses in the place.   The physical and mental labor necessary to make this large body of sick at all comfortable
under the circumstances, brought on, in less  than a month, an  attack of low continued  fever, from yvhich I did not  recover, so
as to be again fit for duty, until the last of January, 1862, when an order from Major General Halleck gave me charge of the
Hospital  of the Sisters of Charity at St.  Louis, and an  order from the same  headquarters, dated February 6th, 1862, assigned
me to the additional duty of acting on the army medical board for the examination of volunteer  surgeons.   In March following,
I Avas ordered  to report to Major General  Grant, then at Savannah, on the Tennessee  River.  Finding  Colonel Sweeny s
regiment suffering very  much from sickness, and entirely without medical officers, by consent of the medical director, I served
with the  regiment as volunteer for a feyv days,  until their medical officers arrived.  On April 2d, I yvas detailed on the hospital
steamer City of Memphis, and, in this capacity, passed through the  battles of the 6th and 7th of April.  With the assistance of 
Appendix to Partl^MedA Surg, ffistory of the Rebellion,
                NOTE:
]Position* •/ Maj-GeniGnxnt*Foree; Morning April6*
    '     '                  "  and. the Division* »f
 (Jerik JVelson and. Critttndesi, Evening April fftK
i Pbrition* ofAfmj. Gen7?Grant ana. Jiuet/,Morning Apr. 7-
                                Evening April J?*
MAP
BATTLEFIELD  of  SHILOH
           Pit*. o/0u Enemy. 6**<f April
NOTEheaa ___s ex__ Sne/ttysLine*
            on-the ?&of April.
A.Poblers del.
J.Bien Photolith. 
* 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON N.  R.  DERBY,  U.  S.  V.
41
a corps of surgeons, I took charge of, and cared for, over fifteen  hundred of the wounded from the bloody field  of Shiloh.
Mi st of these cases needed operations of some character, and  several of a formidable nature.   The wounds were  altogether
from musket balls, cannon shot, and shell fragments.  The majority were from conoidal musket  balls, the next most numerous
were from round musket balls,  and there yvere a feyv from buckshot.  On April 6th, the steamer City of Memphis Avas lying at
Pittsburgh  Landing.   Early on  that morning, firing  Avas heard.   At ten,  the  Avounded began  to arrive from the field in
ambulances.  By four, several hundred  had been received, Avhich croyvded the boat very much; and shells from the enemy's
ri<dit beginning to fall in-the Avater near by, the hospital transport yvas ordered to proceed to Savannah, seven  miles below, and
to leave the yvounded at  the general hospital at that  place.  The remainder  of the  afternoon and the  following  night yvas
consumed in debarking the men.  As early as possible on the 7th, the boat Avas again at Pittsburgh, receiving the wounded.
During the 7th and 8th, over eight hundred were placed on board.  They yvere all brought to the Landing in ambulances or on
litters, and yvere of a more serious class of yvounded than those received on the first day of the battle.   The lighter cases  yvere
retained yvith the commands; all the grave cases being sent direct from the field to  the Landing.  Large numbers of those
received during the 7th and 8th  had been wounded on the 6th, and had lain on the fie hi held by the enemy since the morning
of that day.  A large  proportion of these patients had been yvounded in the loyver  extremities;  many of them by shells or
cannon balls; the latter, in three  instances, making a complete amputation of the thigh.  Most of the regimental  surgeons had
remained with their commands.  Many, of the medical attendants doing duty on  the hospital steamer during  these three  days
were volunteers, and, as they had come down to operate, and yvere greatly desirous of doing so, I found it necessary to dedicate
some portion of  my time  to the preservation of limbs  that yvere about  to .be unnecessarily placed  under the knife.  I desire
here to mention the great relief I experienced yvhen, on the afternoon of the second day of the battle, Surgeon  H. Wardner,
Y. S. V., reported,  yvith an assistant, and desired to be put to yvork.   Knowing  that in his case there was no need of any
supervision,! placed  him  upon the hurricane deck, yvhere four hospital tents had been pitched,  and sent "up fifty wounded,
most of them needing  capital  operations.  The hurricane deck, the  cabin, the guards, the boiler deck, and the  hold were
crowded yvith the wounded.  The boat yvas loaded and ready to start  on the evening of the 8th,  yvhen she proceeded to Mound
 City, Illinois, and delivered the patients at the general hospital in that place.  Primary operations had not been performed upon
 any of these patients.  Many of  them reached the boat yvithout having seen a surgeon; upon  others, where  the haemorrhage
 was profuse, a temporary bandage had been placed.  In tyvo cases yvhere the thigh had been carried ayvay by cannon balls, the
 men yvere upon the field for many hours before they Avere found, and then  reached the boat in the same condition in wliich  they
fell. The shock, the torn condition of the arteries, and the cold rain  and night  exposure had  prevented much  haemorrhage.
 The constant arrival  of the Avounded, demanding as constant attention from eArery medical officer present, entirely prevented
 making any proper register of  cases.  All the Avounded were brought  from the field to the Landing,  and, after  the hospital boat
 was filled, they yvere placed as rapidly  as possible on board  the Government transports, until these  yvere croyvded to  their
 utmost capacity.  Tents yvere pitched upon the bank, and hundreds  of the wounded yvere cared for in these, and aAvaited the
 coming of boats from beloAV.  Many of  the yvounded  yvere exposed  to  the cold rain of Sunday  and Monday nights.   No
 systematic  arrangement had been made to supply them yvith soup or food of any kind,  and they suffered much on this account.
 No  excisions were performed on  the boat, and I know  of none  having been  performed on  the field.   Amputations  were
 abundant;  and,  as usual  in very many cases  in the  upper  extremities, entirely unnecessary.  I form this judgment  after
 examining very  many arms  lying  outside the tents on the Landing.   Chloroform was used  to  produce  anaesthesia, and  I
 observed no ill effects from its  use.   Returning from the transfer of the wounded to the general  hospital  at Mound City, an
 order from General Grant, dated April  2Htli, assigned me to temporary duty with the Fourth Division, of Brigadier General
 Hurlbut.   This formed a part of  the force about to advance on Corinth,  and yvas composed of Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, and Indiana
 troops; all in good condition for active duty.  The arrival of a medical purveyor  at Pittsburgh Landing enabled the regimental
 medical officers to obtain  full  medical and hospital supplies, and voluntary aid societies promptly foryvarded  clothing and
 comforts for the sick.   *   *  On May 14th, 1362, I yvas directed to report to Monterey, to establish a general field hospital for
the army before Corinth.   The original design contemplated an hospital at this point sufficient for the sick of the three columns;
but this was abandoned on account of the long distance it would compel those from the  extreme left to travel, and an hospital
 was placed in the  rear of each column.  Four  hundred  tents,  three hundred  and forty of the  yvall pattern,  and sixty of the
regulation hospital  size, yvere foryvarded  from the Landing, and pitched as rapidly as possible.  Into this camp, Avhile yet in its
formative stage, before suitable provision could possibly be made for their comfort,  the sick from the regiments yvere poured in
a continual stream; so that, in less than  twenty days from the time the first tent yvas pitched, I had received one thousand four
hundred and sixteen  patients, and, by the middle of June,  one  thousand  seven hundred  and ninety-two.   The yveather being
warm and the ground dry, the patients did not suffer much from the unavoidable exposure to Avhich they were subjected; for
it yvas found impossible, with the detail  of attendants  alloAved, to pitch  the  tents as rapidly as they were filled;  but tbe   sick
suffered from the Avant of a sufficient number of nurses, and for suitable food.  I found  here, as elsewhere in the field, that Avhen
commanders of regiments Avere ordered  to send nurses for duty in hospitals, they selected the weak and disabled men for that
service.  Of forty ordered to report  to  me at one time for duty at this camp, only fifteen Avere of any service;  the rest  only
added more patients to  the large number already in  hospital.  All the country  for miles around had been so  thoroughly
gleaned by the armies that no delicacy in the way of food could be obtained.   The  sick yvere necessarily confined to  army
rations, and a feyv dried and canned fruits.  Many of the sick sent  to this hospital died on the  yvay, and many reached the
camp in a moribund condition.   Owing  to these reasons, the mortality yvas large, amounting to 9.76 per centum.   An order,
received June 18th from  the  department medical director, directed that men  should  be sent to  Pittsburgh  Landing and
Hamburgh for transportation to northern general hospitals,  and  the camp hospital  at  Monterey yvas gradually broken up.
the army yvagons  and ambulances on  their yvay to the  Landing  for forage and medical supplies yvere  used to  transport
the  sick."       *       *      *
6 
42
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--SHILOH.
XXXIX.   Fourth  Extract  from a Narrative of Services from  the  Commencement  of  the
      liebellion till July ISth,  1863.   By Surgeon II. P. Stearns, U. S.  Volunteers

      *  *  *  "j was only present on the field of the battle of Shiloh on the first day.  The battle commenced early in the
morning, and the enemy soon drove our forces back toyvards  the river, and two temporary hospitals yvere abandoned.' I  t|un
gave orders that the yvounded should be brought to the bank of the river.  I yvas engaged in attendance upon the yvounded at
the river during April 6th,  and at  night went to Savannah, Tennessee, seven  miles below, by order of Surgeon II. S. Hewit
medical director, with orders to provide all hospital accommodations possible at that place.  The general condition and morale
of the  First Division, under command of General McClernand, yvas  good; its approximate strength yvas nine  thousand.
Supplies of medicines  and  hospital  stores yvere very limited.  There yvere no hospital tents.  Most of the regiments yvere
supplied yvith one  ambulance,  and one  or tAvo stretchers.'  The Avounded yvere nearly all cared for upon the river  bank  and
upon the hospital steamer City of Memphis, as fast as they could be transported.  Water and food were  abundant, and the
yvounded yvere not exposed to rain or cold during the first day of the battle.  During the succeeding night and day, a severe
storm occurred.  *  *  Savannah is situated on the east hank of the Tennessee River, ten miles beloyv Pittsburgh  Landing,
on a high bluff. The town extends some three-quarters of a mile back from the river, and usually contains a population of
from six to eight hundred.   There are two  large springs of excellent yvater in the  immediate vicinity of the village, but the
wells contain water impregnated with iron.   Upon the arrival of our troops  there, in March, 1862,  a number of regimental
hospitals were  established,  and tyvo or three buildings yvere fitted  up for a general hospital, by order of General C. F. Smith,
commanding.   Immediately after the battle of Shiloh, some tAventy of the largest public and private houses in the toyvn were
used exclusively as hospitals.   Besides these, nearly all the houses yvere occupied by the yvounded; not, however, to the entire
exclusion of the owners and tenants.  The  buildings exclusively devoted to hospital purposes contained about one  thousand
beds; the other houses, some two hundred; while about six hundred yvere made comfortable in tents fitted up for hospital use.
Ten of the buildings Avere of good size and yvell ventilated, and a good police could be maintained  without difficulty.  Most of
the other buildings used were divided into small rooms, and the ventilation Avas miserable.  The location of the tent hospital
was good.  The ground was easily drained  and policed.  An abundance of hay and blankets were provided for these at first,
and, later, bunks  and  stoves.   The  recoveries  of those placed in tents, upon  the yvhole, were more  speedy than of those in
houses; so much so, that I  should recommend only large  and well ventilated rooms to be  used in preference to tents, in that
climate, for wounded.  About  eighteen hundred of those wounded  in the battle of Shiloh yvere brought to  Savannah, but the
larger portion of them were only slightly wounded.  No epidemics occurred  during the continuance of the hospitals.  There
were  a feyv cases of erysipelas, which yielded very readily to treatment.  There Avere also six cases of variola, all of which
recovered.  The hospitals Avere finally abandoned about the 20th of June."                     *
XL.—Extract from a Narrative of Service in the  Volunteer Medical  Staff, from June  21*2,
      1861, to July 1st, 1863.   By Surgeon George  H. Hubbard, U.  S. Volunteers.

      *  *   *   a j wag aSsigned to duty as medical director of the division commanded  by General Lewis Wallace, then at
Crump's Landing, six miles beloAV Pittsburgh Landing.  This division did not reach the scene of action in season to join in the
battle of April 6th, but was actively engaged on the 7th.  The moral and physical condition of the several regiments composing
this division Avas excellent.   Arriving on the field at night, they yvere well rested yvhen led to the attack the folloyving morning.
The  division had no hospital tents on  or near the field, but was well supplied with ambulances, and sparingly supplied with
dressings, medicines, and hospital stores.   I took possession of the tents of a regiment absent on duty, about half a mile from
Pittsburgh Landing, and received all the Avounded brought to me.   Being near the main higliAvay, wounded from  all divisions
Avere brought in, and,  in twenty-four hours, about four hundred Avere received and treated.  The complete outfit of a regiment
yvhich yvas scattered in the action  of the first day was placed  at my disposal, and supplied  our greatest necessities.  Water yvas
abundant, and abundant supplies of soups  and hard bread were furnished on the second  day.   The first soup Avas prepared
from a sheep shot by my OAvn hand on the  battlefield, but afterAvard beef Avas abundant and of good quality.  The yvounded
were  exposed to a severe  rain  the  nights after  each  day's fight.   The Avounded  were all brought to the hospital in
ambulances.  I think  a large proportion lay on the field  over night, and many passed  a  second night before being brought
in.  Most of the wounds yvere from the conoidal musket ball, and from long range;  but  there were many wounds, also, from
shells and musket balls at short  range.   The men were carried down  the Tennessee  on  transports  as  rapidly as possible,
and  were taken  to the large  general hospitals  on the Ohio  and Mississippi,  some three  yveeks  being occupied  in the
transfers.  Amputations yvere performed  on  the  field in all  cases absolutely  demanding them, the doubtful   cases being
treated by simple dressings.  Chloroform yvas freely used without  any unpleasant results.   During the campaign from
Pittsburgh Landing to Corinth, I was director of the division  commanded by General Jeff. C. Davis.   This campaign yvas barren
of especial professional interest.   The feyv  yvounds received by the men on picket duty were promptly treated, and yvith better
results than  after large engagements, when delay is unavoidable.   Chronic  diarrhoea, the  natural  consequence of an inactive
life and full diet, yvas the prevalent disease,  and  proved fatal in a large number of cases.  I Avas myself a sufferer from this
disease  from March to June, and became  so  much  debilitated that I yvas ordered by Surgeon Charles McDougall, U. S. A.,
medical director, to Paducah, to enlarge the hospital accommodations there, he very Avisely  considering it a very desirable point
for large hospitals.  The marine hospital, which had been converted into barracks,  yvas renovated and restored to its legitimate
use.   But early in July, I was ordered  to break up the hospitals, and to ship all the public property to  Surgeon C. Sutherland,
medical purveyor, at Columbus, Kentucky."      *       *       * 
                                    REPORTS  OF  MEDICAL  OFFICERS.                                  43

XLL—Second Extract from  a Narrative of his Services  in  the  Medical Staff from  October,
     1861, to June, 1863.   By Surgeon J.  G. Keenon, U. S. Volunteers.

     *  *  *  " Soon after the battle of Fort Donelson, I yvas ordered to report to General  S. A. Hurlbut, U. S. V., and I
accdmpanied his division, numbering about seven thousand men, in the engagement at Shiloh on April 6th and 7th, 1862.  The
command was exposed to a hot fire from seven in the morning, till four in the afternoon, Avhen  it  retreated  under cover of the
siege guns, and  the enemy fell back from the heaA'y fire of this  battery, aided by the gunboats.  *  *   The medical and hospital
stores of General Huribut's Division Avere good and ample.  Many of  the Avounded were treated at the field stations, near the
line of battle, and were then  transported in ambulances to steamboats, in yvhich they yvere yvell cared for.   There were many
primary amputations.  The number of yvounded yvas so great that all could not have primary operations.   Chloroform, so far
as I am ayvare,  was the only  anaesthetic employed.  The  division lost about seventeen hundred in killed and yvounded.  The
wounds were inflicted by grape and canister, and shell fragments in some instances; but the majority were from musketry at
short range."                                     __________________

XLII.—Second Extract from a Narrative of Services in the Medical Staff from July, 1861, to
     May  28, 1863.   By Surgeon  David P.  Smith, U. S.  Volunteers.

      *   *   *  "The advance of General George H. Thomas's division from Nashville to Pittsburgh Landing was unmarked
by any incident worthy of note until the noise of the first day's fight at Shiloh reached our ears, when we were distant  nearly
forty-five miles.  The roads  yvere heavy, and our large artillery train impeded our progress very much.  The next day rain
commenced, impeding us still more.   By sundoyvn on the second day of the battle, the division,  still  distant from the scene  of
conflict some fifteen miles, yvas completely worn out.  General Thomas and staff, then, yvith an escort of forty cavalry, pushed
on through a pouring rain.   I took out a few of the most essential instruments from my field case, and, putting them into my
saddle valise, folloyved the general.  The road was  nearly impassable, and the beating storm and swollen streams delayed us so
much that we did not reach Columbia until tyvo in the morning.  Thence by steamer, early in the morning, we reached the field,
ten miles  up  the Tennessee River.   I  there found Surgeon R. Murray, U. S. A., medical director of the Army  of the Ohio.
The incessant rains had rendered the field, at best  swampy, almost impassable. Hoyvever, under  all discouragements and
difficulties, the yvounded yvere rapidly placed under cover, and pressing operations were done.  On the part of General Grant's army
there appeared to have been yvant of foresight in providing for the probable wants of the yvounded.  The most painful feature,
however,  that I encountered yvas the  inhumanity  shown by  state agents.   One steamboat captain, I remember, yvho came
from Cincinnati, with a steamboat finely fitted yvith every hospital convenience, and yvho flatly refused  to receive any but
Ohio yvounded on his boat, and entirely ignored the authority  of any medical officer.  *  *  I reported to Surgeon  R. Murray
for duty, and, after about two days' service in the field, was given charge  of the Crescent City, a large  Mississippi  Rivef
steamer.   Clearing her of freight, I first brought mattresses, sheets, and  pillows on board, and then, obtaining  eighteen or
twenty bales  of hay, I filled therewith about three  hundred and  fifty bed-sacks.  Also finding, I forget Avhere, the medical
supplies of one  or tyvo regiments, after  sending for the respective surgeons, I divided Avith them, so as to obtain Avhat I Avanted.
I  made requisition for rations for three hundred and fifty men for seven days, and made an  agreement with the steamboat
captain to feed his men in return for the services  of his cooks and other attendants.  Running the  steamboat to the river
bank, I began to receive the wounded, taking those from the field, Avhere some few still remained, in preference.  I soon had on
board four hundred and thirty, and, on the Friday evening after the battle, steamed  doAvn the river.  Such was the confusion and
hurry on shore and on the fleet  of steamboats, that I could keep no notes of operations.  How many I did yvhile at  Pittsburgh
Landing, I cannot noyv remember; but no casualty, I am sure, occurred as the result of operation, or of chloroform. On my
voyage down the Tennessee and up the Mississippi, I was, yvith my assistants, among whom I may mention as particularly
indefatigable, Surgeons H. P. Stearns,  U. S. V., and T. W. Fry, U. S. V., and Assistant Surgeon M. C. Tolman. 2d  Minnesota,
intently engaged in performing  such  operations as yvere needed.  I attempted to  employ due discretion in  cases of gunshot
fracture of the femur, and amputated those only in  which the shaft of the bone had been most extensively shattered and split.
In some of these instances, upon dissection of the amputated limb, it seemed as if a minute shell  must have  exploded  in the
limb, to such  distances among the muscles were the fragments  of bone driven. I amputated twice at the knee-joint by  lateral
flaps.  One case of most complete shattering of the upper half of the femur, I amputated at the hip-joint, Avith loss of only about
four ounces of blood, and yvith but very little shock  to the patient.  The method yvas by a long anterior and short posterior flap,
the arteries in the posterior flap being tied first.   This patient was taken on shore at St. Louis in a very comfortable condition,
but 1 learned afterward that  he expired at the end  of eight days after the  operation.*  I amputated the leg in tyvo or three
instances for complete shattering to bits of the ankle.  The upper arm was amputated once for destruction of the lower third of
humerus, together yvith the elbow joint.  We were greatly overworked during our passage, and it was impossible to keep  even
rough notes of our cases; and, on arriving at St. Louis, the patients were distributed among the hospitals of that city, and any
attempt at a tabular statement of operations and results would  be futile.  One death occurred on  the passage, six hours after an
amputation of the thigh in the upper third, and one death,  also,  in a case of fractured femur, about one hour after  the patient
was brought on  board.  We arrived at St. Louis on Monday.  I and my assistants, having had  no change of clothing for nine
days, having  been continually,  yvhile on the  field,  drenched yvith rain and  covered yvith mud, and having  been  constantly
engaged, with but little wholesome food, were completely worn out.   Before the end of the yveek, I had rejoined the army, now
slowly advancing on Corinth.  A few days  after  my return, our lines enclosed a rebel hospital, and, by  orders  of General
Halleck, I proceeded  to care for the wounded and provide for their transmissal  to a hospital  transport.  I found about one
hundred men in charge of four Confederate  surgeons, and so  negligent  had they become  that  the wounded begged  me  to
examine their Avounds.  Several terribly shattered femurs, I at once amputated, that the men might he removed yvith greater  ease.
*CASE xxiii, Circular Nb. 7, S. O. O., 1867, p. 34. 
44
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--PENINSULAR  CAMPAIGN.
      In one case, shown me as a trifling Avound, my suspicions being aroused by these three facts: that there yvas no yvoi  H
of exit; that the wound of entrance yvas in  the popliteal space, and the knee joint Avas becoming very painful, I found tl
a minie" ball yvas deeply lodged in the femur, between the condyles, close  to the posterior portion  of the joint.   I amputat-d
at the knee-joint, and sawing off  two inches of the femur, found the  ball immovably fixed between the condyles, and push'
the cartilage of the joint before it. A case here came under my notice, illustrating the fallacious character of injuries said t
be received from the yvind of a passing ball.   One of the-rebel wounded averred that he had been thus hurt, and showed what
he termed, the injury upon one of his ankles.   A glance yvas sufficient to show that it was a varicose ulcer, which broke out the
day after the battle in consequence of several days' hard marching.  Indeed, the cicatrices of similar ulcers Avere plainly visibl
on both limbs.   During the advance upon  Corinth, the list of casualties was extremely small.   But one case is worthy of
comment.   Briefly this: a man shot through the knee-joint  from front to rear, the  ball  passing just between the ends of the
bones and slightly splintering both tibia and femur.   I made  long incisions, opening the joint freely, and removing all spicuhp
When I last heard of the case,  about three weeks  subsequently, it yvas doing remarkably well.  Shortly after our troops
occupied Corinth, I fell sick."      *       *      *
XLIII.   Extracts from Memoranda for the Surgical History of the  War.   Cominunicsitwl  by
      Assistant Surgeon B. Howard, U. S. Army.

      *  *  *  "Irame(jiately after the battle of Shiloh, the medical supplies were very insufficient, General Buell's army
having marched to the field unaccompanied by any transportation except for ammunition.  On the  Saturday following the
engagement, a medical purveyor arrived from LouisyTille yvith a large amount of medical  supplies, cooking  utensils, etc., yvhich
yvere of immense service, and further  supplies afterwards arrived from  St. Louis and Neyv York, sufficient  to meet every
demand.  The majority of operations were neither primary nor secondary, but intermediate, being performed chiefly on the
hospital transports within the two weeks succeeding the engagement."       *      *      *
XLIV.   Extract from  a Report  of  the Operations of the Medical Department  of the Second
      Brigade of the First Division of Illinois Volunteers at the Battle of Shiloh.  By Surgeon
      C. Goodbrake, 20th  Illinois Volunteers.
      *  *  *  'tQu tne  morning of Sunday, April 6th, 1882, when our position Avas  attacked, I Avas with the brigade until
the line of battle was formed, and then took measures that the hospital effects of the 20th Illinois  regiment should be properly
stored in our hospital yvagons and taken to the rear.  I next collected as many of the surgeons of this  brigade as I could find,
and took possession of a ravine in the rear of General Oglesby's encampment;  where  we remained  about an hour, dressing a
great number of Avounded, until Ave yvere forced to retire by the enemy's shot and shell.   We then went in the direction of the
river landing, taking our yvounded with us.   At a house in an open field  on the right of the road, Ave made another stand, and
here again a great many yvounded men Avere brought to us, who Avere all temporarily*dressed and sent to the boats; but,  in a
short  time, Ave were again compelled to leave, and  to retreat to the Landing.  I remained at  the Landing until Monday
evening, and did all in my poAver to relieve the yvounded.  On the  evening of April 7th, after the enemy had been repulsed,
General Grant directed me to ride out to our encampment to relieve the yvounded yvho had been left on the field, and about this
time, I received similar orders  from Colonel  Marsh.  I immediately obeyed, and for several days yvas very busily engaged in
attending to the wounded, both National and Confederate.  I performed six  amputations, in addition to a great number of minor
operations."     *       *       *
XLV.  Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Army of the Potomac, from
      its  Organization in July, 1861, until the  Change of Base to the James River in July, 1862.
      By Surgeon Charles  S. Tripler, U. S. A., Medical Director.

      General: In compliance yvith your instructions, I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of
the medical department of the Army of the Potomac, during the time I was connected with it as medical director.
      This time naturally divides itself into tAvo periods: the first, embracing the time from the beginning of the organization
of that army to  that of its  taking the field;  the  second, from the  latter time  to  the completion of the change of base to
Harrison's Landing, on the James  River.  I joined the Army of the Potomac August 12th, 1861, and was immediately charged
with the organization of its medical department.   At that time, the three  months volunteers Avere mustered out of service, and
the new levies yvere rapidly assembled in Washington, and its vicinity.  A number of camps yvere formed on both sides of the
Potomac, and the construction of field-works yvas commenced.  There were some five or six hotels, seminaries, and infinnanes
in Washington and Georgetoyvn occupied as general hospitals, and one or tyvo in  Alexandria, the fruits of the exigencies of the
three months campaign.  These were under capable officers, Avere well regulated and conducted; but with no system in reference
to the admission or discharge of patients.  Every regimental surgeon sent Avhat men he pleased to the general hospitals without,
knoAving whether there yvas room for them or not, and men Avere discharged from the hospitals with no means provided to ensure
their return to their regiments.  It Avas not an  unusual circumstance for sick men  to pass the night in ambulances, yvandenng the
streets from hospital to hospital seeking admission.  I could find no information  anyyvhere as to Avhat regiments yvere present,
or yvhether they had medical officers or not.  My first endeavor yvas to find  out yvho were the medical officers  of the several"
regiments, how the hospital departments were supplied, and what was the strength of the regiments; how many of the men 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL DIRECTOR  TRIPLER.
45
  yvere  sick, and what were the prevailing diseases.  For this purpose I applied for and had an  order issued, directing all the
  medical officers to report to me in person yvithout delay ;  from them I required the other items of information I have indicated.
  A singular state of things yvas revealed.  In  General Orders  No. 25, War Department,  May 25th,  1801, the President had
  directed that a surgeon  and an  assistant surgeon should be appointed, for each regiment of volunteers, by the governors of
  their respective States, and  that these officers  should be examined by boaids. to be appointed by the governors, as  to their
  qualifications, the appointments to be subject to the approval of  the Secretary of War.  The 3d section of the act of Congress
  of August 6th, 1861, required vacancies  among the volunteer officers to be filled by the governors in the same  manner as  the
  original appointments.  Some of the state  authorities had appointed these boards, hut many others  had entirely neglected it.
  The Secretary of War had also accepted Avhat  yvere  termed independent regiments, the colonels of which asserted a  right to
  appoint their oyvn medical officers, and,  notwithstanding  the act of Congress, to fill vacancies.  In other instances, colonels of
  state regiments refused to receive the medical  officers appointed in conformity with the laAV and the  orders of the President,
  and went so far as to put these gentlemen  out of their  camps by force, yvhen they reported  in obedience to the orders of  the
  governors and of the Headquarters of the Army of the Potomac.  The state authorities, especially of  New York and Pennsyl-
  vania, remonstrated strongly against this course, and I  used every effort to correct it;  but in vain.  I yvas, at last, officially
  notified, on the  19th of November, 1861,  that the medical officers of regiments, accepted directly  by the  Secretary of War, had
  acquired rights that could not be set aside by the governors of the states.  These irregularities  created great  embarrassment
  and confusion in organizing my department, and many regiments were thus left yvith surgeons as  to yvhose competency nothing
  was knoyvn.  In other instances regiments, or parts  of regiments, yvere sent on  Avithout their  medical officers,  the colonels
  assuming authority to leave them at home under various  pretexts   *   *  Another source of embarrassment was, that  neither
  the hvw nor orders had provided medical officers for batteries or detachments of cavalry; in these  cases I could only direct
  that such bodies should be attended to by the medical officers of the regiments nearest  to them.  To remedy the irregular and
  doubtful appointments made by colonels, and to give the troops confidence in their medical  officers, I determined to assemble
  boards for the examination of the incompetent, as rapidly as their cases yvere brought to my notice.  This I did under authority
  of General Order No. 35, War Department, June 2(ith, 1861.  On September 7th, 1861, I assembled such a board and ordered
  twelve medical officers before it for examination.  From that time forward, whenever a medical officer  was complained of for
  incompetency, a board yvas ordered.  In many  cases the  complaints yvere ascertained to be well founded, and the officers were
  discharged.   The third section of the act of Congress of July 22d, 1861, having provided for a surgeon for each brigade, a board
  yvas assembled in Washington to examine candidates;  a number of those appointed, under that act, were assigned to duty yvith
  the Army of the Potomac. The act had not defined the duties of these officers, nor had any  regulations in reference to them
  emanated from  the War Department.  Their position yvas doubtful, and it yvas necessary to define it.   The regimental medical
  officers yvere, for the most part,  physicians  taken suddenly from  civil life, yvith  little  knowledge of  their duties, which had
  to be taught them from the very alphabet.  The line officers yvere equally ignorant with themselves in this respect, and hence
  confusion, conflict of authority, and discontent, very  seriously  impaired efficiency in the medical department.  The general
  idea seemed to be that it was the  duty  of the  doctor to physic every man who chose to report sick, and to sign  such  papers
  as the colonel directed him to sign.   To superintend the sanitary condition of the regiment, to call  upon  the commanding officers
  to abate nuisances, to take measures for the prevention of disease, was,  in many instances, considered impertinent and obtrusive,
  and the suggestions of the medical officer to these ends Avere too frequently disregarded and ignored.
       It occurred to me that the  brigade surgeons, being very  generally taken from those yvho  had seen some service in the
  three months campaign, might be made useful in remedying these evils,  and in carrying out my views for increasing the
  efficiency of the department.   Bearing the commission of the President, I yvas of  opinion that they yvere the superior officers of
  the state surgeons,  and had authority to control them in the  medical staff.  I  therefore  assigned  these gentlemen to the
  staffs of the several brigades, and prepared an order defining their duties.
       By conversations yvith  the brigade surgeons, I endeavored to impress upon them the importance of the trust confided to
  them, and to show them how much the efficiency of the  army depended upon the fidelity and  success with yvhich they should
  discharge their  duties.   Every item of the order was explained to them, and they yvere urged to be  active  and zealous  in
 imbuing the regimental surgeons yvith a thorough understanding and just appreciation of the hygienic suggestions it contained.
 It was impossible for me to see and instruct such a number of regimental medical officers as  our army included;  and I yvas
 therefore obliged to rely upon the brigade surgeons to attend to the training of these officers in their routine duties.  This
 arrangement yvas the most promising I could command, and I hoped its advantages Avould be readily seen and appreciated;
 still, some Avere found to place impediments in the Avay of these officers in the performance of their duties.
      I had thus established a hierarchy, Avhich though  imperfect, enabled me to keep  myself tolerably well  informed of the
 condition of the  medical department of this army.  The irrgularities prevailing in relation to the sending of men to the general
 hospitals, and to discharging them therefrom, were corrected by paragraphs four and nine of General Orders No. 9, Army of the
 Potomac, September 9th, 1861.
      In suggesting this order, I had another object in view: to control and to diminish, as far as possible, the number of men
 sent from the regimental to the general  hospitals   The experience of all armies had shown, and my personal observation has
 convinced me, of the fact that the sick do much better in regimental than in general hospitals,  the latter being nuisances to
 be tolerated only because there are  occasions when they are absolutely necessary, as, for instance, yvhen the  army is  put  in
 motion, and cannot transport its sick.  It is a singular fact, but one as to yvhich  I  believe  all military surgeons of experience
 will  agree with  me, that  the sick report of a regiment, under  ordinary circumstances, is a constant quantity; that after a
 regiment has been in the field a month, that quantity will  be ascertained;  and,  that if the regimental hospital is evacuated, in a
 short time it will be found  to  contain again its habitual  number of inmates, so that yve may have as many successive crops of
 *ick as yve choose, by repeating the process of evacuating  the regimental  upon the general hospitals.  A leading object yvith
me, was, to keep up the fighting force to its  maximum,  and, therefore,  as yvell as for  the more speedy recovery of the men
themselves", I discouraged the practice of sending them  to the  general  hospitals.   If I had permitted the  practice I  found 
46
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
 existing to continue, of sending men promiscuously and without control to the general hospitals, the only limit of thes
 have been establishments adequate to contain the whole army.  I stopped it, and thus kept a healthv army in the field"*6 W°"
       Having thus established some order and system in the personnel of the medical department, and some method in ins
 ing the officers in their duties, my attention was turned to the  means of keeping them  supplied yvith medicines  inHtrn8,^C,"
 and stores.  In this I met with many difficulties.  The volunteer medical officers could not readily accommodate tliMi™!?**1""'
 the rigid  system of the army in  regard  to  their supplies.  To meet this difficulty, I  attempted, within reasonable' Hmita T
 disregard supply tables, and to give the surgeons articles of medicine and hospital stores to suit even their caprices if '
 judgment, such articles could be of any avail in the treatment of disease.  In this effort, I first felt the inconvenience of b T
 in Washington.  The medical purveyor was restricted by the regulations, and although my order ought to have been BulIHenVS
 relieve him  from all responsibility, still, to be perfectly safe, he would refer such  requisitions to the  Surgeon General  th.
 consequence was, my orders yvere  countermanded, and he was finally ordered by the Surgeon General not to  issue anyt'l 1 '!
 disalloAved by the supply table, Avithout the sanction of the Surgeon General previously obtained.                        8
       The pressure  upon the purveyor, consequent upon  the influx of so large  a  body of troops, caused great delay in the
 issuing of supplies.   Complaints  of this delay were made to me as early as the beginning of September.  I offered the purveyor
 more assistance if it would expedite his issues.  That officer replied on the 6th of September, that any additional aid to that
 then employed was unnecessary and would in nowise facilitate the  matter.  Subsequently, a different conclusion was arrived at
 and additional aid was furnished.  Another difficulty was encountered, in getting the supplies to the regiments after they Wt,e
 put up.   Ordinarily, the purveyor turns over his supplies  to the quartermaster,  and it is the duty of that officer to trantport
 them to their destination.  It yvas soon perceived that this mode yvould not answer in the confusion then reigning in Washington •
 the regular quartermasters were charged with duties considered of  more importance, the volunteer quartermasters did not {[now
 how to perform what was required.  We yvere therefore obliged to require the medical officers to call for  and to transport their
 OAvn supplies to their camps.  Much was accomplished in this way; though, in many instances, great negligence and indifference
 was manifested on the part of the surgeons themselves.
       Another  difficulty to overcome, was, the supplying the regiments with hospital tents.  I determined  to issue three of
 these tents to a regiment; yvhich yvould accommodate comfortably thirty men.   The demand for tents and the scarcity of canvas
 made it necessary to reduce the allowance to  the minimum that could  be made to suffice.  I approved of requisition* for this
 number, whenever they were presented, and I ordered requisitions to be  made in  all  cases, when I discovered it had been
 neglected. These tents, however, yvere  frequently taken, by arbitrary authority, for other purposes, such as store tents, guard
 tents, and the like.  Whenever an abuse of this sort was brought to my notice, I  took every means in my power to correct it,
 and I believe, from the best information I could get, that when the army moved to Fairfax Court House, every regiment in it
 had its full supply of hospital tents.  When the medical officers reported to me, I required them to  submit to me *n inventory
 of the supplies of all sorts they had  on hand.  These  yvere carefully revised, and yvhenever they Avere defective, requisition's
 were immediately called to  meet  the deficiencies.  Great  difficulty yvas experienced in enforcing obedience to  this simple
 requirement.  By firmness and patience I  believe it was  overcome, so that I had  every  assurance,  short of personal
 inspection, which yvas impossible, that nearly every regiment in the army was fully supplied for three months. At the  time
 we moved, a few had succeeded in neglecting this duty and escaping the vigilance of the  inspectors and brigade surgeons.
 These applied for issues during the few days yve remained at Alexandria after our return from Fairfax.   The purveyor yvas then
 engaged in packing and shipping his stores for Fort Monroe, of course I could not  arrest this work to remedy the faults of half
 a  dozen idlers.
       My next step was to attempt to improve the condition of the  camps, so as to promote the health of |he army by correcting
 hygienic  errors and  by removing,  as far  as  practicable, the causes  of disease.   On the 19th  of  August, I directed all the
 prisoners at  the Capitol prison to be vaccinated, a bath to be fitted up for their use, and such out-door exercise to be allowed
 them as was  consistent with their safe keeping.  On  the 22d of August, I sent a surgeon to remedy the defects in the police of
 the camp of the Pennsylvania Cavalry,  on  7th street.   This camp, at the time, was  a nuisance.   The same day, I recommended
 the removal of the troops encamped upon the flats near Arlington  to the higher ground, if practicable.  Thirty-three per cent.
 of some of the  regiments there were reported sick with diarrhoea, and intermittent and typhoid fevers.   The chief surgeon of
 McDowell's Division, who had been some yveeks at Arlington, expressed his  doubts to me, in a report on the subject, whether
 the flats were  more  insalubrious  than  the   high  woodland of that  district.  I represented to the Adjutant General that I
 acknowledged these doubts to be well founded, within certain limits; that malarial fevers did prevail on the slopes toward the
 river;  but I thought it practicable to remove the camps beyond the first, crest, so as to afford the  protection of the hills against
infected currents of air.  Ascertaining, by personal inquiry and inspection, that the  men were turned out long before sunrise
 and yvere hours  in waiting for their breakfasts, and feeling that this had much to do with the prevalence of malarial fevers. I
asked for and obtained an order, that  reveille  should  not be beat till after sunrise,  and that hot coffee should be issued to the
men immediately after roll call.  Soon  after this. I yvas directed to provide a reasonable  alloyvance  of cots  for the  sick in the
regimental hospitals.   I ordered them to be purchased immediately,  and as soon as they yvere procured, I directed the regimental
 surgeons to send to the purveyor for their quota.  Strange to say, I experienced difficulty in  leading these officers to make
 requisitions.  As late as December 27th, I was obliged to compel some of the surgeons to supply themselves.  The want of military
 experience of the medical officers, and  their consequent helplessness, made it extremely difficult to discover the real causes of
 disease, sometimes the nature of the diseases  themselves, or to enforce the means of preventing  these.   In one week after the
hot coffee yvas ordered, a regimental surgeon  complained to me that green coffee was issued to his men, yvithout the means of
properly roasting it, and  that  they  could not get the extra rations  ordered.   Colonel Clark, to whom I referred the complaint,
 promptly replied that green coffee was  always issued, that it should be roasted in a mess pan, or Dutch oven, or other vessel,
 purchased yvith the company funds; that the  quantity issued was fixed by law, and  was deemed ample; and so it was, but it
 required the  exercise of a little judgment to  discover it.   I made constant and diligent inquiries of the surgeons as to their
 opinions of the causes of disease in  their regiments, and whenever an  undue proportion of sick was reported in any regiment, a 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL DIRECTOR TRIPLER.                              47
special report yvas invariably called for.  If I could have had competent medical inspectors at that time, the average health of
the army mightliave Deen more raPidl.v improved.
     First among the causes assigned for the number on the sick report, and the one to yvhich there Avas a general concurrence  '
of opinion, Avas the recklessness yvith Avhich the men had been enlisted.  General Orders No. 51, War Department, August 3d,
1861  commanded, that yvhen volunteers yvere  mustered in, they  should be minutely examined  by the surgeon  and assistant
surgeon of the regiment, as to their physical qualifications.   I question yvhether this most important order has ever received the
adequate attention from the persons yvhose duty it yvas to execute it.  So notorious yvas the neglect of its behests, or the incom-
petency of those yvho pretended to obey  it, that  another general order from the same authority yvas demanded and issued on
December 3d, of the same year, yvhich declares that the evidence yvas abundant that this duty was neglected;  and threatened  to
make the derelict officers pecuniarily responsible  for disregarding it.   The  effect of this neglect, incompetency, or  dishonesty,
has been always to syvell excessively the ratio  of sick to the Avhole force.   The surgeon of the 61st NeAV York reported to me as
a reason for his large sick report, that he had a large number of broken-doyvn  men:  many sixty to seventy years old, many
affected yvith hernia, old ulcers, epilepsy, and the like.  Another acting brigade surgeon reported that there has been no medical
examination of many of the regiments before they were enrolled; another, that there were eighty men with hernia and epilepsy
in the 5th Neyv York Cavalry.
      During the months  of October, November, and December, 3,939 men yvere discharged from the Army of the Potomac
upon certificates of disability;  of these. 2.881 yvere for disabilities that existed at the time the men were  enlisted.   These men,
cost the Government not less than 8200 each, making nearly 8200,000 a month, out of which the people had been defrauded in a
sinole army, through the faithlessness of those to yvhom the duty of bringing none but able-bodied men into the field, had been
confided. It seemed as if the  army called out to defend the life of the nation  had been made use of as a grand  eleemosynary
institution for the reception of the aged  and infirm, the blind,  the lame, and the deaf, where they might be housed, fed, paid,
clothed,  and pensioned, and their toyvnships relieved of the burden of their support.  The general  prevalence of measles yvas
another  element increasing the ratio of the  sick.   I knoAv of no  means of preventing the occurrence of this disease.  After
more than thirty years  experience and observation, I can  only say, that  I have  rarely seen a regiment of irregular troops,
in which it did not appear sooner or later after they had been  assembled  in camp.  In many of our regiments it broke out
before they left their homes; some were more  severely scourged than others, but nearly all suffered to  some extent.   Among
regular soldiers the disease is rarely seen. I do not doubt it is due to the difficulty of securing the same  attention  to police,  to
cooking, to clothing, to ventilation of tents, among  volunteers, that is habitual with regular  soldiers
      Complaints were made to me  in several instances of the inferior quality of the blankets  issued to the men.  This yvas,
perhaps to some degree, a cause of disease, but I kneAv it to be irremediable.  It yvas impossible for  the clothing department  to
furnish the heavy army blankets instantaneously to 600,000 men.  The  same remarks  apply to a considerable portion of the
tents in use.   Some regiments suffered for want of good and sufficient clothing.   A singular circumstance presents itself in this
connection.  On the 8th November, 1861, the surgeon of the 8th Illinois Cavalry, reported  to me that 200 of the men had
received no overcoats from the United States;  many of them yvere almost destitute of clothing.  He had three hospital tents,
floored, and furnished with stoves ; his regiment was unusually healthy, no deaths had  occurred in it in three months.  The
location of the regiment AA'as afterwards changed ; it was encamped in  Ioav grounds that became intolerably muddy in the course
of the winter; the part  occupied by the horses was a perfect quagmire, never policed at all, the men  became discouraged and
careless, and,  in January, 1832, there were  207 cases of typhoid fever among them.  These Avere  removed to  the  general
hospital in Alexandria, but  the sick lists remained large, and in March, Avhen  preparing  to take  the field, 132 men of that
regiment were reported unfit for duty.
      Another cause of disease was the heavy details for labor in the field works, and the severe nature of that labor;  another,
the exposure incident to picket duty.   Regular officers and soldiers knoyv how to make themselves comfortable on picket duty;
volunteers do not.   The frequent alarms in some portions of our line were considered by some of the medical officers as a cause
of disease; this AA-as particularly the case in front of some of the Vermont troops in General Brooks's brigade.   It is possible that
this may have had an unfavorable effect upon men predisposed to disease from other causes.  The principal causes of disease,
however, in our camps, Avere the same that Ave have always to deplore, and find it so difficult to remedy, simply because citizens
suddenly called to  the  field cannot comprehend that men in masses require the  attention of their officers  to enforce certain
hygienic conditions, yvithout which health cannot be preserved.  The individual man, at home, finds his meal'well cooked and
punctually served, his bed made, his quarters policed and ventilated, his clothing Avashed and kept in order without any agency of
his own, and without his ever having bestowed a thought upon the matter.  The militia officer, in n;nety-nine cases in a hundred,
has given no more reflection than the private to these important subjects.   When the necessity for looking after  these things
is forced upon his attention, he is at  loss how to proceed; too  frequently he lacks the moral courage and the energy to make
his men do what neither he nor they apprehended or understood when they entered service.  To bad cooking, bad police, bad
ventilation of tents, inattention to personal cleanliness, and unnecessarily irregular habits, we are to attribute the greater
proportion of  the disease that actually occurred in  the army.  My attention yvas given to these evils from the beginning.  By
precept and by orders, the  necessity and the  methods of correcting them  yvere  urged upon the commanders and the medical
officers of the several regiments.  When the brigade surgeons yvere  assigned,  the first paragraph  of the order defining their
duties impressed  the  paramount importance of  hygienic morality upon  their consciences, and no opportunity Avas omitted  by
me of urging  upon both commanders and surgeons their obligations in this respect.  Some of the regimental surgeons, I know,
faithfully performed this duty.  Copies of their reports made to their commanding officers, creditable alike to their intelligence
and their zeal, were sent to me.  The  attention of commanding  officers is  earnestly called  in these reports  to the drainage of
their camps, the clothing and  cleanliness of their men,  to the situation of their sinks, and the like.   One  surgeon reports that
he cannot strike the tents as I had enjoined, because they Avere too old, and urges his colonel to get neyv ones, if possible.  The
prophylactic use of quinine and whiskey having been suggested as a means of preventing malarial disease, I determined to test
its efficacy.   There being  no warrant for such  an issue in the regulations of the  army, I procured a small quantity from a 
 48                        APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—PENINSULAR  CAMPAIGN.

 sanitary aid society, and received favorable reports of its effects.  Upon representing this to the Surgeon General I was at th  '
 to issue it, in reasonable quantities, to regiments whose condition seemed most to demand it,   I required reportB is t, tl  Itr'™
 These reports yvere generally favorable; so much  so, that I was induced to keep it constantly on hand, afterward*  in tl >
 purveyor's store.  The surgeon of the Cameron dragoons reported, that by its use he had reduced his sick  report from 126 to 74"
 in two weeks.   The surgeon of the 62d Pennsylvania reported as favorably, and stated that two companies of the re  "me t'
 who had used it faithfully for tyvo yveeks, presented a sick report of only four men.  Much prejudice  and aversion  how"'-1'
 had to be overcome in inducing the  men to take this medicine,  and I scarcely  think it yvould have been practicable to h ^
 forced it upon the yvhole army.  Fortunately, there  yvas no necessity for this.
       In order  to secure some comforts for the sick  in the regimental hospitals, I attempted to show the surgeons how to create
 and use a hospital fund.  The regimental commissaries strenuously opposed this, on account of the inconvenience to themselves^
 The first paragraph of General Orders No. 9, Army of Potomac, September 9th, 1861, however, enjoined it upon them as a
 duty ;  and, in the course of some four or five months, yve succeeded in getting the system pretty generally established.  Wold
 yveather came on, I  judged it necessary to make some provision for warming the tents.   A very ingenious plan having been pro-
 posed by Brigade Surgeon McNulty, yvhich had received the approval of General Heintzleman and of other officers of experience
 I directed  Dr. McNulty to visit every division in the army, and to construct one of his  furnaces for a model.  This duty hu
 performed.  Some, of  course, yvere found to object to it, but it was generally Avell received, and yvas found  to contribute much to
 the comfort of the men.  A few, hoyvever, still used the Crimean pit, and others succeeded in getting stoves.   A cheap and
 convenient stove, and  one  readily transported, the make of Mr. Harrisworth, of NeAvport, Kentucky, was introduced intothe
 army,  and yvas  found  to ansyver well.  It yvas the general understanding that the army was not to go into winter quarters and.
 therefore, I did  not recommend the housing of the men until the middle of January, 1862; but, in December, 18,il, learning that
 some of the regiments yvere excavating pits in the ground and covering  them with their tents, I hastened to object strenuously
 to this plan.   I  suggested  inclosures of rails or  palisades, some  three  feet  high, to be roofed over  yvith the tents.  The
 excavations could not  be kept dry  or well ventilated, and certainly yvould not be kept in good police;  all of which objections
 would be obviated by the above-ground inclosure.   This plan was adopted in a number of camps I visited, and they presented
 an air  of comfort that  was very gratifying.  Later in the season, I recommended  the Chester Hut, with roof ventilation, as used
 so satisfactorily  at Balaklava.
       Protection of the men against the contagion of the small-pox, of course, received constant attention.  While the Army of
 the Potomac yvas in  process ot organization, small-pox was prevailing rather extensively in several of the districts from  yvhich
 the troops Avere  recruited.   It was unsafe to travel, yvithout protection,  over any railway in the country.   The city of Wash-
 ington was infected, as I knoyv from the number of  applications  made to me by the authorities for the use of  our small-pox
 ambulances to convey  city patients  to  the pest-house.   An eruptive fever hospital had been established before I  took charge as
 director.  Under the excellent arrangements made in that establishment by Dr. Thomas, the  surgeon in charge, but little risk
 was incurred of the  propagation of the  disease to  the  camps.  Orders were issued  and reiterated for  the vaccination of all
 volunteers unprotected.  I also  recommended that an order should be published,  requiring that all recruits for the Army  of the
 Potomac should be  vaccinated  before they were started from  their rendezvous; and that they should be carefully inspected
 as to this immediately  upon their arrival.  Not satisfied with yvhat had been done, I asked for, and obtained, another order, in
 December 1861,  requiring division and brigade commanders to cause the brigade surgeons to again inspect all the men, vaccinating
 such as yvere still unprotected, and to report  the results to me.  At this late period, most of the brigades were found to have
 some men unprotected; in a feyv, the number yvas serious.  In Slocum's brigade, there Avere fifteen hundred, in Blenker's, twelve
 hundred and fifty, and in Sickles's, seven hundred and fifty.   Crusts were furnished, and the vaccination completed. As  the ,
 result, small-pox, though rife in the community, never gained any foothold in the army.  A sporadic case yvould occasionally
 occur sometimes in the most unaccountable way.  There are  individuals so susceptible that neither vaccination nor a former
 attack  of small-pox  secures them against the disease.  An  alai-ming report of  the dangers  to yvhich  the army was exposed
 from the system  adopted at the hospital having been made by the  sanitary commission, with suggestions of some few modifica-
 tions to suit its vieyvs, I inquired into the statistics of the disease in our army up to that time, and  found  that in seven months
 yve had had but  one  hundred and sixty-eight cases, the majority of Avhom Avere ill Avhen they reached Washington.  I adopted
 such of the suggestions of the commission as Avere not already in use, but Avith no perceptible effect.  In fact, the precautions
already adopted'had made the  number of cases, considered  in reference to the  size of the army, too insignificant to give the
least uneasiness  to any one at all informed on the subject.
      I had long been solicitous to get possession of a feAV experienced regular medical officers to be employed as inspectors
of the field hospitals, through whom I  might be assured that the measures devised for the preservation of the health of the men
yvere faithfully and intelligently carried out.  This yvas accomplished at last. In the  middle of November, 1861, two officers
yvere assigned to me for that purpose; and, some yveeks afterwards, a third.   I prepared instructions for them, and set them at
Avork at once.
      These inspections extended from Budd's Ferry to Cumberland, including General Lander's division at Cumberland, and
General Burnside's expedition fitting out at Annapolis.  From the  reports made by these officers, I Avas enabled to correct many
errors  in hygiene, as well as to  improve the  discipline of my department, and to keep it ahvays in  readiness for an  advance.
All faults in police, cooking, clothing, location of camps, &c, were promptly reported by  me to the Adjutant General, and by
him as promptly ordered to be corrected.
      I come noyv to speak of the regimental  and brigade hospitals.  The regulations of the army recognize only regimental
and general hospitals.   The regimental hospitals in the field were  established in tents, or in such buildings as might chance to
to be within the  limits  or in the immediate vicinity of each camp.   The general hospitals available for the Army of the Potomac
were the few old hotels, or other similar buildings, occupied as hospitals in the cities of Alexandria, Washington, Georgetown,
and a small portion of  the Naval Academy buildings at Annapolis.  There was no  authority for any hospital establishment in
 ie  vicinity of the divisions or brigades, that might relieve the hospital tents if crowded, or'that might keep the  men near their 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  TRIPLER.
49
 camps, so that they could he readily returned to  duty when  sufficiently recovered.  It is true, I might have authorized such
 establishments ; but I yvas dependant upon the provisions of Army Regulations for the necessary steyvards, cooks, and nurses for
 such service. Several intelligent and zealous brigade surgeons pressed these hospitals upon my attention.  Their advantages were
 obvious and I determined, yvhen I could get the buildings, to  put them in operation.  I required, hoyvever, that  the necessary
 personnel should be  furnished from the regimental details authorized by Regulations, and that the brigade hospitals should
 be considered and conducted as aggregations of the regimental hospitals; and  that their steyvards should be mustered on  the
 regimental rolls.   In this way, a number of them were organized  and served.   Brigade Surgeon Suckley organized one  for
 Kearney's brigade, near Alexandria; another was fitted up for Blenker's brigade, at Hunter's Chapel; another in Hooker's
 division, at Budd's Ferry; afteryvards, others in Fitz John Porter's division, and several  more.  A very nice building yvas put
 up at Poolesville for Stone's command, upon plans furnished by Brigade Surgeon Crosby, and approved by the Surgeon General.
      About the 1st of February,  1?62. my attention Avas called  by General Seth  Williams, A. A. G., to the condition  of
 Gen. Lander's division, at Cumberland.   This yvas the first intimation I had that there yvere any troops there.  I sent one of
 my inspectors immediately to examine into the facts, yvith authority to provide at once for their necessities, to hire buildings, or
 to put up hospital huts, if  required.  On the 5th of February, Brigade Surgeon Suckley was assigned to Lander's division, and
 instructed to use every exertion to  put things in order.   He  yvas informed  that the condition of the  sick in that division was
 represented as  scandalous, and that no effort must be spared to reform it.  On the 8th, I received the report of  the inspector;
 and it confirmed all that had been reported  as to the shocking  state of  affairs.   The regiments comprising the command were
 scattered in all directions for some forty miles over the hills; the sick, numbering twelve hundred, were abandoned in the city of
 Cumberland, and yvere in a  wretched condition.   They yvere  " quartered  in close, compact, ill-ventilated rooms, where  the
 police is bad, food badly cooked and improperly  served out, men of different regiments reeling  and staggering through the
 streets with fevers, seeking shelter and medical  attendance."   The inspector had  succeeded in getting comfortable and roomy
 quarters for five hundred of the sick at the time of his report;  had employed  a number of  women in making bed sacks,  and had
 contracted for several hundred  bunks.   Dr. Suckley was in position on the 7th ;  on the 9th, he had collected ten hundred and
 seventy-nine of the sick;  on the 11th. he had  fourteen hundred.  He found affairs in the toyvn  in a wretched  condition;  no
 discipline, no system; the commissary had no funds.  There yvere nineteen regiments of infantry, besides cavalry and artillery,
 in the division.   On  the 18th, he asked for authority to build tyvo pavilions to contain fifty patients each.  This yvas immediately
 granted.  On the 20th, he had succeeded in making things more comfortable; had procured eight Sisters of Charity for nurses;
 had classified his patients, and had provided proper medical attendance.  He reported, also, that the mortality and the gravity
 of diseases yvere diminishing.  He had received authority to build as many pavilions as yvere necessary.   Measures were taken
 by me, upon the receipt of these reports, to provide instantly for all the  necessities of the case.  I applied to the Commissary
 General to place funds in the hands of the commissary.  On the 19th, Colonel Taylor informed  me that be had sent $5,000.
 I ordered a supply of ambulances to be  forwarded, loaded with  bedding, from  Baltimore.   Medical and hospital stores yvere
 also forwarded by myself,  as yvell as by the Surgeon General.  On March  3d, I received a telegram from the railroad  agent at
 Wheeling, informing me that one hundred and forty-nine boxes of hospital stores would be at Cumberland the next day.  There
 was no more trouble with that establishment.  The brigade  and field hospitals  of the Army of  the Potomac  were, at last,
 organized and in yvorking order.
      The next subject I shall glance at is that of ambulance transportation.  Previously to this Avar, the army  of the United '
 States had never  been supplied with carriages expressly designed for the transportation of the sick and Avounded.  A board,
 assembled by the Secretary of War, some two years before the rebellion, had adopted a four-wheeled carriage and two models
 of two-wheeled carriages for experiment.   The four-yvheeled carriage had been tested upon the plains, in an expedition to Neyv
 Mexico, and had been favorably reported upon by the medical  officer in charge of it.  The two-Avheeled carriages, though a few
 had been built, had never been used. Some doubts Avere entertained as to their suitableness for these purposes; but they were
 adopted and recommended as the best for badly yvounded men.   Experience,  hoyvever,  has shown that they are utterly unfit for
 any such  purpose.  When the  present exigency came upon  us, the quartermaster's  department lost no time in having the
 carriages built as rapidly as possible.  They yvere, of course, ordered in the  proportions recommended by the board; viz: five
 two-yvheeled to one four-yvheeled. ■  The two-wheeled yvere the basis of the  system ;  a most unfortunate decision. It was my duty,
 however,  to supply the Army of the Potomac with as many of  these carriages as yvould  suffice for the probable  necessities, if
 they could be had.  A considerable number of the tyvo-yvheeled had already been accumulated in Washington, before my arrival,
 and had been distributed to the several camps.  I found them in general use as pleasure carriages  for  idlers, and accommoda-
 tion cabs  for conveying officers and men from their camps to the city of Washington.   A large number of them had already
 been broken down in this  service.   This was immediately stopped.  An order was promulgated directing all ambulances, with
 the exception of one two-wheeled to each regiment, to be turned into  the quartermaster's department  in Washington,  and the
 use of that one yvas strictly limited to the service for which it was intended.   We were enabled, by  this means, to  find out what
 we had, and to keep  most  of them in order.  October 5th, 1861, the depot quartermaster reported one hundred  and nine two-
 wheeled, and twelve four-wheeled ambulances in  use, and two  hundred and tyventy-four two-wheeled,  and thirty-eight four-
 wheeled not in use.  The absurd notion  that a tyvo-yvheeled was an easier carriage than a four-wheeled  had been exaggerated
 in providing the vehicles.  The quartermaster had issued tyvo  hundred and twenty-eight  two-wheeled since July 1st.  One
 hundred and nineteen of these  carriages had  disappeared in a little more than three months; showing both how recklessly
 they had been used, and how incapable they yvere of standing the  hard Avork of our  campaigns.   December 31st, 1861, there
 were in Washington three hundred and fourteen tAvo wheeled, and seventy-one four-Avheeled ambulances.  Each  regiment had
 its own tyvo-wheeled in addition to these.   The tyvo wheeled carriages being so generally condemned, I endeavored to have a
 number of cacolets collected to replace them, in the Army of the Potomac.   The Quartermaster General  had already procured
 some of them, made  after the French model.  They weighed one  hundred  and forty pounds.  I thought this too heavy, and
that their yveight might be materially reduced without compromising their strength or durability.  This I recommended to be
done.  Several  other models were presented to me afterwards that yvere much  lighter, and I requested  the quartermaster's
       7 
50
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
department to procure a limited number of tyvo of them.  I thought I had  secured tyvo hundred altogether for our army b   I
received but  forty, and most of these after Ave had reached the Chickahominy.  As early as  August 21st  is61 I -_«',    i
the Quartermaster General to introduce these litters in the proportion of one to a regiment.  On the 8th of October T   k .1
for fifty of Davies's plan;  and, on  the 19th of November, I recommended Kohler's to  the attention of General  Van Yliet   I
instituted some experiments yvith  these, from yvhich I was  led to  doubt Avhether they could  entirely replace  the tyvo-wl >'l  1
ambulances.   There yvas more  motion than I expected Avhen  the litters  yvere  placed horizontally; in  a sitting positioi  th.
wounded man could ride very comfortably.  They have the advantage of being readily carried yvherever a horse or a mule •
be led, and the disadvantage of affording no protection against the yveather.  In a report upon  the distribution of ambulai
dated January 7th, 1862, I recommended that a suitable number of horses  should be trained to  carry these litters, and on V -1'
ruary 13th, I repeated this suggestion.  This Avas approved and ordered to be carried into effect, but, for some reason, it was not
done.  *  *   In estimating the number of ambulances required for the Army of the Potomac, it was at  once apparent that the
army alloyvance was altogether in excess of what  could be obtained, or yvhat could be managed, even if it were to be had.  This
allowance would have made a train of four-yvheeled  ambulances five miles in length, and of tyvo-yvheeled ambulances about
twenty;  making a total train of twenty-five miles.  To mention this shows Iioav preposterous  the rule would be.  The schedule
was never intended for an army of one hundred thousand men, but for a regiment or detachment making a long march over the
plains, or in  an Indian country.   Still, great discontent  Avas  manifested by a number of officers, Avhose responsibilities were
limited to a single regiment or brigade, that  the yvhole number yvas not furnished.  *  *  Here, I estimated for two hundred
and fifty four-wheeled. I hoped this number might be obtained. It yvas, hoyvever, never reached, and I yvas obliged, afterwards
to contrive the best I could to make the number furnished serve iu emergencies.  The  events in  the peninsula  convinced
me that my original estimate was the minimum that would have enabled us  to get along without serious discomfort.  The
atrocious roads in that region destroyed a considerable portion of those yve had, embarrassing  the operations of my department
very materially.  General Van Vliet having reported the number of ambulances  of both sorts he had in depot  and in the
possession of the troops, after comparing the latter yvith the reports of my inspectors, I found he could  furnish only twelve of
the four-yvheeled and  tyventy-two of the two-yvheeled to each division of the army, with a proportionate number to commands
of less size.   I, accordingly, submitted that  plan of distribution to- General  Williams on the 5th of March, and, in the same
letter, I repeated an estimate I had made on the 27th of February for one  ordinary transportation wagon to each regiment, for
the conveyance of medicines, stores, mess chests, and hospital  tents. The latter were  ordered, and very generally furnished.
On the 10th of March, 1862, having received  orders to move the  ambulances to Fairfax Court House,  I called upon General
Van Vliet to  make the distribution according to my plan, and inclosed him a  copy of my letter to  General Williams as his
guide.  I moved yvith the headquarters to Fairfax Court House the next day.  When the army was assembled there, the ambu-
lances were not in  position. The army being ordered to fall back upon  Alexandria, I hastened to Washington, and had an
interview yvith General Van Vliet on this  subject.  He informed me he had ordered thirty-six four-wheeled  ambulances from
Perryville to  Fort  Monroe, and that he would send  on eighty-six more  from  Washington.  That would have  given us  one
hundred and  seventy-seven  for the yvhole army, including McDowell's Corps  and Blenker's Division.  This was too few, but it
yvas the best that could be done yvith the number reported on hand.   Colonel Ingalls being under the impression that there was
still a large number at Perryville, I telegraphed to Washington to have  fifty more added to our allotment, but I did not get
them;  in fact, the last of the original eighty-six did not reach us till the 1st of May.  Twelve yvere received April 9th; sixteen,
April 15th, and fifty-eight, May 1st.  In the  meantime, the divisions of Stone, at Poolesville;  Banks, at Sandy  Hook; Lock-
yvood, on the eastern shore of Maryland, and Lander, at Cumberland, had  been furnished Avith as many carriages of each sort
as yve could spare, and they were likely to need.  Stone had fifty-nine tyvo-yvheeled, seven four-wheeled, and seven transport
carts.  They proved amply sufficient to remove his yvounded, after the action at Ball's Bluff, yvith the greatest speed and safety to
his hospitals.  *  *  My report from Brigade Surgeon Crosby, yvho conducted the hospital  administration on that occasion,
an officer yvho has no  superior in the corps to yvhich he belongs, shoyvs that his carriages yvere as near the field as  they could be
brought. ' He could not very yvell cross the canal or the Potomac River with his train.
      The most feasible plan for organizing a force to act as an ambulance corps engaged my attention at an early period.
Several propositions yvere  made by foreigners to raise and to command such a corps.  They were mere repetitions of the conti-
nental systems, and, hoyvever serviceable  they might  have promised to be, they could not, under the then existing laws, have
been used for  our  army.  The  only plan  that appeared to be within my reach Avas that adopted and established by the sixth
paragraph of Order No. 20. The  regulations of the  army authorized  a detail of ten  men  from each regiment for hospital
attendants, and the bands of the  regiments had long  been used for the purpose I wanted them for in time of action in our
service;  and  I could,  by the plan indicated, expect to command about twenty-five men to a regiment to serve an ambulance
yvhen yvanted.  They  required,  however, to be instructed in that duty; and, yvith that view, they yvere ordered to be drilled
regularly every day by the  medical officers, under the superintendance of the  brigade surgeons.  Whenever this order yvas
obeyed, the progress  of the men  in  the drill  was quite satisfactory.  It was, at least,  the beginning of an ambulance corps.
Perhaps a distinct ambulance corps may yet be made a part of our military establishment.  I am satisfied it would contribute
essentially to the efficiency of the hospital department.  The Surgeon General of Pennsylvania, under date of September 19th,
1861, requested authority to organize such a corps at Camp Curtin for the troops of his State.   I  indorsed his proposal favorably,
and. referred it to the Secretary of War, but no action was taken upon it.   An elaborate project for  an  ambulance corps yvas
submitted to the Surgeon General by Mr. Pferscling, and by him referred to me for examination in March, 1832.    *
      When  I took charge of the Army' of the Potomac, I supposed that the  general hospitals  yvithin the limits  of that aimy
were under my control, and that it devolved upon me so to extend their capacity as to provide accommodations for the number
of sick and yvounded that yve should be likely  to have.  The buildings already provided and  occupied yvere seen  at once to be
totally inadequate. Tbe entire hospital establishments in  Washington, Georgetoyvn, Alexandria, Baltimore, and Annapolis
contained but tyvo thousand seven  hundred beds.  A Sanitary Commission being  in session at Washington about the 1st of
September, an invitation yvas extended to me to  assist, which  I accepted.  They were  then  discussing the subject of general 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL DIRECTOR  TRIPLER.
51
hospitals.  They seemed to be of the opinion that there should be as many as five thousand beds in Washington.  I explained
to the gentlemen at some length my views upon  the subject, and  endeavored to show them that twenty thousand beds, at least,
would be required. After several days' consideration, the commission decided to appoint a committee to yvait upon the Secretary of
War, to request him to have frame buildings erected sufficient to accommodate fifteen thousand men, and to request your approval
of the same.  The subject yvas brought to your notice in a letter from Mr. Geo. Gibbs, of the commission, Avhich letter was referred
to me, and was the occasion of my first report to you in reference to general hospitals.   *  *  I had at that time taken some
steps to increase the existing establishment to meet immediate wants,  when I was informed by the Surgeon General that the
Secretary of War had charged him yvith the superintendence and control of this matter,  and that he should  have all that was
necessary provided in due season.  My report, however, yvith a letter from the Sanitary Commission, was submitted  by you to
the Secretary of War, accompanied by a letter from yourself.  In the course of a month,  it was returned to you, with authority
to make your oavii arrangements for providing hospitals.   I was  then  directed by you to go on with this work, but,  first,  to
submit my plans to you.  I was, as I stated in my first report, decidedly in favor of putting up cheap frame buildings,  expressly
designed for hospitals, in preference to relying upon hotels, school-houses, and the like, as seemed to be the  existing plan.  I
fully believed suitable buildings could be erected at a cost not exceeding $25 per bed.   I had seen such a plan in the possession
of Doctor E. Harris, of the Commission, and had  been promised a copy of it.  The Commission, hoyvever, objected to his furnishing
it, agreeing to send me a much better plan, and  one sufficiently economical to suit my views.  After tedious delays, their draw-
ings yvere at last sent to Washington.  They were the design of an architect in New York, taken from the general plan of the
Lariboisiere in  Paris, excellent in itself, but too costly, I feared, for our purposes.  The expense, as estimated by the  architect,
yvas $75 per bed.   Time pressing, and it being too late to yvait for other plans, I reluctantly determined to adopt it, after having
made certain modifications that would not impair its advantages, but yvould reduce  the  cost to about $60 for each bed, if the
architect's estimate could be relied on.  I submitted  the  plan to you, accompanied with a report.  I adhered in this report
to my original estimate for twenty thousand men as a minimum.  To the plan proposed, you objected,  on account of the
expense, in the then condition of the Treasury;  but you thought that one-fourth of the buildings I had recommended  might be
put up.  I then proposed to go to Annapolis, Baltimore, and Philadelphia, to see what could be done there to  increase our
accommodations; hoping that, by evacuating all our hospitals in the vicinity of Washington, yvith the addition of the five thousand
beds to be provided in the neAV buildings, we might be able  to get  along with tolerable comfort in the event of a battle.   *  *
     When the Quartermaster General advertised for proposals to put up the neyv buildings,  instead of $15,000 for each two
hundred beds, as estimated by the  architect, the bids ranged from $30,000 to $80,000.   This  expense could not be  incurred,
and two, only, of the buildings, sufficient for four hundred men,  were attempted, and  it was  many  months  before they were
completed.
     In the meantime, some of the Philadelphia hospitals were put in  order.  In February, 1832, nine hundred beds yvere
ready in that city. In  November, 1861, a neyv hospital in Alexandria yvas prepared, capable of receiving nine hundred patients.
In the same month, three large houses in Washington were seized and fitted up, and I succeeded in securing two hundred beds in
the St. Elizabeth Asylum.   These hospitals were fitted up with great care, and made as comfortable as such buildings could be
made.  They yvere Avell organized,  and provided with a competent medical staff and good nurses.   They gave us a total accom-.
modation of about six thousand beds, and Avere sufficient to  receive the  sick of the Army of the  Potomac when it was put in
transit for the Peninsula.  It Avas a source of deep regret to me that I was unable to accomplish, at least so much of my original
plan as had received your approval; but, at that  time, such  a thing yvas impossible in Washington ; anywhere else, it could, and
would, have been done.  Subsequent events have shown that, if it had been done, much inconvenience and suffering might have
been spared.
     The sanitary condition of the army, during this season, was very satisfactory.  My records show a constantly increasing
immunity from disease.      *       *
     The Army of the Potomac, during this period, included the  divisions of Gen. Stone, at Poolesville;  of Gen.  Banks, at
Harper's Ferry and Frederick ; of Gen. Dix, at  Baltimore, and the forces in the vicinity  of Washington.
     August 22d, 1881, thirty-three per centum of the troops encamped on the flats  near Arlington were reported  sick with
diarrhoea and malarial fevers. I have already alluded to the action taken in reference to these men.  They belonged to McDoyvell's
Division.  On the 13th of February, 1862, this same division had but nine serious cases in a force often  thousand men.  There
were, in addition, some two hundred cases of catarrh  and a few of measles.  There  had been,  in the  meantime, as in other
portions of the army, some  typhoid fever, but,  at the last  date, it had almost entirely disappeared.
    I have already remarked upon the  constantly recurring outbreaks of measles among volunteers.  We had more or less of
it among different commands during  the whole period.  In February, 1862, it was  prevailing  in the Railroad Brigade;  in
January, it was rife in  Dix's Division in Baltimore.   September 14th, 1861, Stone had six thousand men  at Poolesville, yvith but
fifty-four sick in hospital, one-fifth of whom had measles;  the remainder typhoid and intermittent fevers.  September 21st, nine
thousand men are reported at Poolesville, with ninety-one  in hospital,  and two hundred  and fifty-four in quarters.  February
3d, lr;62, measles alone kept up the number of men in hospital in Gen. F. J. Porter's Division.  On the 8th of the same month,
measles  are reported as having disappeared, Avhile the number  of sick  in quarters is  reported as materially reduced, notyvith-
Btanding the inclemency of the weather.  Typhoid fever  appeared in some of the  camps  during the autumn, but  gradually
disappeared as winter advanced.  This disease is now, and has been for years,  endemic in the United States.  We  could  not
hope to  escape it altogether. In some  few regiments, under peculiar circumstances, there were a good many cases; but, taken
as a yvlnle, and considering the number of men in the camps, the cases were so few  we might almost ignore it altogether.  In
Hunt's Artillery Reserve, during the last quarter of 1831, it prevailed to some extent, but, in January, it had entirely disappeared.
This command  had, during this time, one of the largest sick reports in the army.  On the 31st of January, 1862, the prevalent
diseases  in it were reported to be catarrh and bronchitis, attributed to the effects of the rains and thayvs.
     In October and November, 1861, with an  army averaging one hundred and thirty thousand men, we had seven thousand
nine hundred and thirty-two cases of fevers of all sorts.  Of these, about one thousand were reported as cases of typhoid fever, 
52
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—PENINSULAR  CAMPAIGN.
 I know that errors of diagnosis were frequently committed, and, therefore, this must be considered as the limit of typhoid cases
 If any army in the world can show such a record as this, I do not know when and yvhere it Avas assembled.
      The most striking contrasts Avere exhibited in the relative health of the troops from different states, and sometimes anion
regiments from the same state.   Thus, in November, 1861, yvith a mean ratio of six  and five-tenth per centum sick in the who] >
 aimy, twelve Massachusetts  regiments gave  an average of fifty sick in  each,  five Vermont  an average of one hundred
 and forty-four each, and  thirty-five  Pennsylvania an  average of sixty-one each.  In  January,  1802, the 12th Massn
chusetts, one thousand  and five strong, had but four sick;  the  13th, one thousand  and eight strong, but  eleven; yvhile the
 15th, eight hundred and nine strong,  had sixty-eight.   In the same  month, the  5th Vermont,  one thousand strong, had
tyvo hundred and seventy-one sick; the 4tb, one thousand and forty-seven strong, had two hundred and forty-four sick • yvhile
the 2d, one thousand and  tyventy-one  strong, had but eighty-seven, and the 3d, nine hundred strong, had but eighty-four
All these regiments yvere in the same brigade, and encamped side by side.  The 10th Pennsylvania Reserves, nine hundred and
sixty-five strong, had seven sick;  the 1st  Pennsylvania Rifles, eight hundred and eighty-nine  strong, had sixty-seven sick•
and the 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry, eight hundred and ninety strong, had ninety-six sick.
      The health of some of the regiments, under adverse hygienic circumstances, seemed  to set all reasoning at defiance
 Thus, in February, 1862, Colonel Geary's Pennsylvania regiment, of Banks's Division, that had been serving all summer upon
 the banks  of the Potomac and the canal, had but tyvo and five-tenths per centum sick.  There was  a constant improvement in
the health of the whole  army as the season progressed, and, at the time  the march to  Fairfax Court-house  was  ordered, yvith a
very feyv exceptions, every regiment in it yvas in the most satisfactory condition.   Some of them showed a most extraordinary
improvement.   Thus, in four regiments of Pennsylvania troops in McCall's Division,  there were but sixty-eight men on the sick
report on the 1st of March, 1862.  The records in my possession show that in:
                        September, 1861, among  84,788 men, we had   6,007 sick—7.00 per centum.
                        October,     '"     "    116,763  "   "  "    7,443  "   6.07  "    "
                        November   "     "    142,577  "   "  "    9,281  "   6.50  "    "
                        January,   1862,   "    181,082  "   "  "  11,225  "   6.18  "    "
      Of these, the men sick in the regimental and general hospitals were less  than one-half; the remainder were slight cases
 under treatment  in quarters.  The health  of particular regiments was, at this time, very remarkable.  Thus, the  2d Rhode
 Island had but .45 per centum sick; the 7th Massachusetts, 1.99; the 98th Pennsylvania, 1.21; the 1st Long Island, 1.46; and the
 mean of Keyes's Division was but 3.29. During this time, so far as rumor was concerned, the Army of the Potomac was being
 decimated by disease every  month.   The reports from the regimental headquarters were only less erroneous than rumor.
 The statistics I have given are from the weekly and monthly reports of the medical officers.  It yvas ascertained to be the general
habit of the captains to report every man sick who found it convenient to report himself so.  The difference between these reports
 and the facts is illustrated in my letter to General Williams, of January 28th, 1862.  *  * During this period, there yvere frequent
 skirmishes, giving a number of wounded men.   Tyvo affairs of importance took place: on the 21st  October,  1861, the battle of
 Ball's Bluff, and on the  20th of December, General Ord's affair at Drainesville.  In the former, two hundred and  eighty men
 were leported yvounded; in the latter, thirty-four.  Of the  wounded at Ball's Bluff, ninety-three  were in the  head and face;
 a very large proportion, and showing the accuracy of fire of the enemy,  as well as the skill yvith which they availed themselves
 of  the advantages they  possessed on that occasion.  This concludes the first  period of the operations of the medical department
 of the Army of the Potomac.   I hope to resume the subject, and to report upon the second period in  a few days.    *    *
       The army being  about to take the field, certain measures preparatory to the movement suggested themselves.   *   *
       There were a number of medical officers on duty in the hospitals in Washington who should have joined  the army when
 it moved, though their  services were previously  needed to instruct others destitute of  military experience.
      Early in March,  the sick were removed from the field to the general  hospitals.  Convalescents were  left in  the camps,
 that they might the more readily be returned to duty Avhen well, and that they might  form a part of the garrison of the yvorks
when the army was put in motion.  Instructions for the government of medical officers in battle yvere prepared, in which minute
directions were given as to the manner of forming field depots for the wounded, the organization of the  parties of medical
officers to  serve at each, the methods  of preparing for the refreshment and professional care of the  wounded when  brought m,
the distribution and employment of the ambulance corps, etc.   I succeeded in getting  a small supply of portable soup from the
 subsistence department, which was distributed to the regimental surgeons, and its use  strictly limited to times of battle.
      The different regiments being all supplied with medicines, stores, hospital tents, etc., and a yvagon each to transport their
 supplies, and the sick requiring it having been removed from the camps to the hospitals, the army, so far as my department was
concerned, was ready to move.   On the 11th day of March, it was put in motion for Fairfax Court House.   The enemy having
disappeared from our front, a return to Alexandria was ordered, and,  after an interview with yourself, in yvhich  I received
instructions to govern  me for further arrangements, I left  Fairfax Court-house  for Washington  at nightfall of the 14th ot
March.  In the meantime, orders had been issued in Washington limiting your command to the Army of the  Potomac in the
field, and organizing that army into corps.*  The latter order so changed the  organization as to make it necessary and expedient
to assign an experienced medical officer to each corps as a medical director;  the idea  of an army corps being that it should be
a complete army in itself. Here, I intended to bring in the senior medical officers of  the army, in the hospitals  at Washington,
as medical  directors.  I  intended so to distribute them, to break up the Washington arrangements, to send purveyor, as well as
hospital surgeon into the field;  in short, to transfer everything in Washington to  Fort Monroe, whither  you informed me we
were to proceed.  On my arrival in Washington, the Surgeon  General informed me  that he had resumed the  control of hospitals
and purveyor; that I must use my inspectors for medical directors and appoint another purveyor, as the one in Washmgton
could not he spared.   I was further informed that I could not strip Washington of supplies; that I could take part of yvhat was
there, and that the remainder of what I wanted would be ordered from  New York, to meet me at Fort Mouroe.  I was obliged
to acquiesce.       *      *
: President Lincoln's Wak Order No. 2, March 8th, 1862.  EDS. 
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Appe_iu_xtoParti Med:.& S\rc£. History, of the ;Hebe!!io"ti.
AjroMets del.
XBien PiLotcOith.. 
 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  TRIPLER.
53
      A medical purveyor was appointed, and ordered to report to me  from Baltimore.   This officer promptly obeyed, but was
•  t  feeble health to undertake the duty.   I then substituted Assistant Surgeon R. H. Alexander, of the army, who entered
upon and continued to discharge the duty up to the time I was relieved at Harrison's Bar.             *
      On the 17th of March, I saAV General Van Vliet in Washington  in reference to ambulances.  He told me that thirty-six
f  r-yvheeled yvere then in transit from Perryville for Fort Monroe; that he yvould send eighty-six more from Washington, and
  e hundred and forty tyvo-Avheeled, in addition to those then in possession of the regiments.  This was the best that could be
done  Those from Perryville reached Fort Monroe in good season, and were distributed by Captain Sawtelle; the others did
 ot arrive until from  April 9th to May 1st.  March 29th, the headquarters  were  transferred to the steamer Commodore, at
Alexandria.
      April 1st the headquarters left Alexandria, and  arrived at Fort Monroe on  the 2d, at 6 P. M.  The next day,  I had  an
 intervieyv yvith Surgeon Cuyler, U. S. A., and arranged for the reception of one thousand wounded in the hospitals under his charge.
I had been in hopes of getting more room, but yvas convinced it could not be safely relied upon.  On the 4th, we marched to
Great Bethel; and, on the 5th, through  a heavy rain, to a cluster of huts, some five miles from Yorktoyvn.  On the 6th, I
visited Heintzelman's position, in front of YorktOAvn, inspected his hospital department, and found that his medical  director,
Milhau  had made excellent  arrangements  for his field hospitals  in  case of a battle.   Some of the depots, hoyvever, proved
afterwards to be within range of the enemy's guns, and Ave yvere obliged to abandon them.  On the 7th, I went to Ship Point,
and inspected the rebel huts there.   AYe had then three large clusters of huts, most of them nearly new and in good condition:
one at (Ship Point, one about four miles from there, on the road to Yorktown, and the third at our own camp, near the road to
Fort Monroe.  These, yvith a feyv small, dilapidated meeting-houses and private dwellings, scattered from Young's to Cheesman's
Creek, yvere afterwards used as hospitals.   The accommodations  afforded by  these buildings, it was evident, would not be
adequate for our wants, even yvith the one thousand provided for at Fort Monroe, in case of a severe  action at Yorktoyvn.  The
country, also, from Warwick  Court-house to the York  River, at  our position, Avas but a succession of swamps, that  in warm
weather yvould be too prolific of malarial poisons to admit of our establishing military hospitals there.  I, therefore, determined
to arrange, if possible, yvith the department at Washington, for the reception  of all yvounded in excess of the one thousand, at
 some of the hospitals north.   Colonel Ingalls agreed promptly to transmit my men from any point on  York River to  such
 hospitals as I might indicate.   With this understanding, I telegraphed and wrote to the  Acting  Surgeon General on the 14th of
 April.   April 20th, I received a reply from  Surgeon Wood, acceding  to my proposal, and making certain suggestions  as to
 sending certain classes of patients to particular points, which seemed to me to  be  difficult of  execution, if not impracticable.
I had at that time made arrangements to keep a hospital steamer constantly at Cheesman's Landing, for the reception of wounded
 only.  It was necessary that this hospital should receive all the wounded indiscriminately.
      On the 13th, six civilian  surgeons, deputed by the  Governor of Massachusetts,  by authority of the Secretary of War,
 arrived in camp and offered their services.   They  yvere particularly  charged to look after  the  Massachusetts  volunteers; but,
 with a zeal as creditable as it  yvas rare, and a patriotism as  conspicuous as it Avas disinterested, they expressed their readiness
 and their desire to render their services Avherever they could be most useful.  The party consisted of Doctors Cabot, Hodges,
 Gay, Park, Heartwell, and Homans.  Some of these  gentlemen were assigned to the Massachusetts troops in Sumner's  corps ;
 the others fitted up a portion of the huts on the Ship Point  Road as a  field  hospital  for the regulars.  They had precisely the
 same supplies as the  other surgeons.  With these means, they were  soon at the head of a model establishment for  the field.
 After the evacuation of Yorktown and the  battle of Williamsburg, they repaired promptly to  the town, and  there  rendered
important services to the yvounded.
      On the 19th, Professor  Henry H. Smith, Surgeon General of Pennsylvania, arrived yvith  the steamer William Whilden,
completely fitted  up with  bedding, stores,  instruments, a  corps of eighteen surgeons  and dressers, and a large number of
Sisters of Charity for nurses.  He brought Avith him, also, the means of embalming the bodies of the dead; which kind office he
cheerfully performed for numbers of men  from various States.  Surgeon  General Smith, upon being informed  of my plans,
entered  into them with hearty good will, and seconded them with  an  earnest zeal and intelligence that showed he had not
acquired a knowledge of hospital administration in vain.   Soon after his  arrival, the steamer Commodore was assigned to
me by the quartermaster's department.  Doctor Smith took charge of her equipment, and, in a short time, had her ready to
receive nine hundred wounded.  This vessel and the William Whilden then became our receiving ships, one of yvhich was to
be constantly in position to receive the wounded.
      Soon after our arrival in front of lorktown, malarial and typhoid fevers again appeared, though not with any  alarming
rapidity. The greatest proportion occurred in Keyes's corps, on  our left.  The  country occupied by him was  the worst on the
peninsula, and, in addition to  that, one of his divisions was composed of our newest troops.  Desirous of keeping the army as
little encumbered  as possible with sick, that its movements  might not be embarrassed on that account, I took measures to send
to the north those too ill to move with us.   On the 17th of April, three hundred and fifteen such patients were reported to me,
a very small number,  considering the strength of the army, the wretched weather, and the character of the country.  The
transport Massachusetts was prepared for them, and, on the 20th,  Avas despatched for Annapolis.  Adhering to the same plan,
as other men fell sick, I provided the means of transporting them also; and  I availed myself  of the services of the volunteer
aid societies.  On May 1st, Mr.  Olmstead, the secretary of one association, had  a boat,  the  Daniel Webster,  No.  1, in his
possession;  a  steamer on which he  could carry two  hundred and  fifty patients.  At  his  request,  I  procured the Ocean
Queen, a steamer of the larger class of sea-going ships, and turned her over to him.  He agreed to fit her up in forty-eight
hours after getting possession of her.  It took rather longer than  that, however, and then she carried but three-fifths of the
number she should have carried.   Of course, in inaugurating a system  of this kind, under our circumstances, some delays, some
awkwardness, and some confusion were to be expected.  If I had had  at my disposal a few medical officers of experience, these
arrangements could have been made with more rapidity and precision.  As it was, with the exception of the  Surgeon General
of Pennsylvania, I had no one on the water yvho  had the faculty of rapid  systematization; but all  seemed disposed^to do the
best they could, and I  believe  the operations at Yorktown were fully as successful as could have been hoped for.  '      In the 
54
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--PENINSULAR  CAMPAIGN.
meantime, a feyv of our men were yvounded and were treated in our hospitals.  On the 16th of April, General  Smith had a
important affair on our left, in yvhich thirty-two men yvere reported to me as killed, and  one hundred Avounded.  The wound d
yvere sent to the hospital  ships.  On the 26th, tyvelve men of a Massachusetts regiment yvere yvounded and sent to the shins
In irregular firings, during the siege, several more of our men yvere yvounded and yvere disposed of in the same manner.
      I have already stated that the army yvas Avell supplied with medical stores and the means of transporting  them  before it
yvas put in motion.   What yvas  my surprise, then, as soon as yve yvere  in  position before Yorktown, to find my office flooded
yvith requisitions for more.   Upon inquiry, I found that, in many instances, these things  had been left by the troops  in  their old
camps.   Spirits  had very generally disappeared.  Various excuses yvere rendered that were  not satisfactory.  The  medical
officers seemed to suppose that the medical purveyor yvould furnish  them with fresh  supplies at every change of position  and
had taken no pains to transport their stores from Washington to the peninsula.  Many days passed before I could remedy this
unwise improvidence.  My store ship, after having reached Fort Monroe, yvas detained there by a storm, and yvhen she reached
Ship Point,  it was found very difficult to land her  supplies.  I succeeded, finally, in getting her a berth at Cheesman's Creek
and yvas then enabled to proceed more rapidly.  My supplies of stimulants, hoyvever, being very limited, those ordered from New
York not arriving till very late, I was compelled to refuse to issue to the regiments the little on hand, for the purpose of being
sure of having  some, at least,  in  the event of a  battle.  I distributed Avhat Ave had to the medical directors  of corps, with
instructions  for its  prudent use.  The first of the large supply from New York reached Fort Monroe April 14th; the last did
not reach the purveyor till the 1st of  May.  These  supplies Avere shipped  by different vessels, and yvere mingled yvith other
stores, so that they could not be landed  until after tedious and vexatious delays.
      On the 9th of May, I wrote and telegraphed to the Surgeon General  for bedding, hoping it might  be ordered up
immediately from Fort Monroe. It yvas despatched from Washingtom  the next day, and reached us at White House, but at a
much later date than I had hoped for.      *       *
      To avoid the delay  attendant upon sending requisitions to me during the important operations before Richmond, on the
27th of May, I authorized the medical directors of corps to  approve them, and directed the purveyor to  issue  upon their
orders.   On the 23d of May, I  directed  the purveyor to purchase a large quantity of extract of beef, and to distribute it to the
several corps.   On the 11th of June, I directed the medical directors of  the corps to see  to it that their regiments were supplied
yvith everything necessary and to fill up all deficiencies immediately.  This done, there seemed to be no more that I  could do to
ensure that a sufficiency of all necessary supplies  should be on hand in the c nflicts soon to  occur.  If any regiment  suffered
afterward for the  yvant  of these things, it was due  to  the negligence or inefficiency of their oyvn officers.   There  yvas an
abundance of supplies  at White House.  The way to procure them was not only  indicated, but  the medical officers yvere
repeatedly enjoined to provide  themselves in season, and corps directors yvere instructed to see that they did so  provide.
      The yvorks in front of Yorktoyvn  being nearly ready for the bombardment and assault,  on the 27th of April, I proceeded,
by your  order,  to select positions for the field depots for our yvounded.  On the right, I was accompanied  by Captain Abbott,
of the Engineers, and was governed by his advice as to protection from the fire of the  enemy.  While engaged in this duty,
several shot yvere thrown by the enemy at our working parties, and, from observation of their effect and direction, I Avas satisfied
that the positions selected would afford all the protection required for our operations.  On the 29th, I proceeded to Sumner's
position, and, Avith the assistance of General SedgAvick, a similar selection of depots yvas made for the front of that corps.
      Immediately aftenvards, the embarkation of the sick was commenced.  Sumner's, Heintzelman's, and a part of Keyes's
corps Avere relieved.  *   *  May 2d, I telegraphed to the medical director of Keyes's Corps to break  up his  hospital at Young's
Mills; and, on the 4th, to concentrate  his sick, yvith a suitable alloyvance of medical  officers,  nurses, and  subsistence, and to
keep his transportation  yvell in hand for any further movement. The same day, I inquired for hoyv many men  he yvould want
accommodation.  The next morning, the officer left in charge of the sick at Warwick Court-house reported tyvo hundred and
thirty-two men; before night  the  number increased  to eight  hundred.  I  then sent  an assistant,  to see  to the matter, and
before his task  yvas completed, more than tyvelve  hundred yvere collected in the yvoods and elseyvhere from that corps alone.
I mention these things to  show hoyv little reports of sick, even yvhen they could he had, yvere to be depended upon in making
my estimates for transportation and for hospitals.   Not that untrue reports Avere made by the surgeons; but, Avhenever a march
yvas undertaken, straggling yvas permitted to go on unrestrained, and, I fear, was sometimes even encouraged  by officers whose
duty it yvas to have prevented it.   I had frequent occasions to ask attention to this evil during the campaign.  The  boats of the
Sanitary Commission yvere employed in transferring some of the sick to the north, and, by the 9th of May, they had  relieved me
of nine hundred and fifty.  We then had two  thousand in hospital at Yorktoyvn.  I placed Assistant Surgeon Greenleaf, of my
staff, at  this hospital, \vJio organized and conducted  it admirably well.   When the pressure yvas over, he was relieved, and
rejoined  me at headquarters.
      May  4th, the enemy evacuated Yorktoyvn.   General  Stoneman yvas sent in pursuit, and, on that day, he lost three killed
and tyventy-eight yvounded.  The latter were brought to the rear and placed on the Commodore.  The next  day the  battle of
Williamsburg took place.   In the night, I yvas directed to  send transportation to  Queen's Creek  for three hundred yvounded.
The Commodore yvas immediately despatched in charge of one of my assistants.  At noon, of the 6th, she returned to \ orktown,
having been unable to effect a landing on account of shoal yvater.  I procured a lighter from Colonel Ingalls, and, taking charge
of the Commodore myself, proceeded yvith her to Queen's Creek.   Surgeon General Smith accompanied me.  The yvater was
so shalbiyv the  steamer could get no nearer to the landing than tyvo miles.  Lieutenant Reamy, of the Navy, boarded us, and
courteously offered to land us in his boat.  Leaving orders for the lighter to follow up the creek as soon as she came up, Doctor
Smith and myself went ashore,  set the ambulances in motion, and collected from the depots one hundred of our yvounded, and got
them comfoitably on the Commodore by 3 a. m.   One hundred Avounded prisoners Avere collected in one of  the field works near
the landing.  The next morning,  having organized the  ambulance  train, I left Doctor Smith to  embark  the rest of the
yvounded, including the prisoners,  and,  boarding a tug, I hastened back to Yorktoyvn, to make further arrangements.  Here I
yvas met by an  order to hasten to Williamsburg, to care for the yvounded there.  Having dispatched the Pennsylvania steamer
Whilden to Queeu's Creek, accompanied by my senior assistant, Doctor A. K. Smith, of the army, 1 hastened to Williamsburg. 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  TRIPLER.
55
Here I Avas joined by a party of able and distinguished surgeons from NeAV York, consisting of Doctors James R. Wood, David
L. Rogers, KrackoAvitzer, Stone, Avers, and others.  Doctors Cabot, Hitchcock, and  Bronson, of Massachusetts, were  also
promptly  on  the ground.  The hospitals yvere distributed among these gentlemen.  I need scarcely say that the Avounded
received at their hands the most prompt and skilful attention.   All the wounded in Williamsburg, comprising about seven
hundred of our oavh men and three hundred and thirty-three of the enemy, had the benefit of their care.   The remainder of the
wounded Avere attended to in the field depots near the James and York rivers.  The whole number of killed in that conflict,
reported to me, yvas four hundred and sixty, and, of yvounded, one thousand four hundred and seventy-four.  Four hundred and
thirty-three yvounded prisoners yvere left upon our hands.   Many of our men yvere so slightly wounded it was not necessary to
send them to  the hospitals.  Of the prisoners, sixty yvere too badiy wounded to be  removed   They were  left in Williamsburg,
under the care of Doctor D. L. Rogers, of Neyv York.  The remainder yvere ordered to Fort Monroe, on the transports.  Eight
hundred of our men  and one hundred prisoners yvere sent to Fort Monroe on the Commodore, and  four hundred and twenty-
seven of our  men and two hundred and seventy-three prisoners on the William Whilden and other transports.   The Whilden
sailed direct for Philadelphia.   On the 11th of May, the embarkation of our own yvounded was completed.   The prisoners from
the toyvn of Williamsburg Avere embarked the next morning.
      When the enemy yvas brought to bay at Williamsburg, the corps of Sumner, Heintzelman, and Keyes  advanced rapidly
upon their position.  A drenching rain began in the night of the 5th, and continued the next day.  I was  informed that many
of the regiments left their camps yvith nothing in their haversacks.  They had no shelter from the rain, and  nothing to  eat.
The roads yvere shocking; it seemed almqst impossible to get supplies to them,  Their privations yvere consequently extreme.
As a natural  result, when the columns yvere again put in motion, a large number of men were thrown on  my hands; some of
them sick; most of them tired and exhausted.  They came straggling in from the rear of the army,  without reports, nurses, or
subsistence.  It was  impossible to  create hospitals  for all these  men  at Williamsburg.  I, therefore, caused a  selection to be
made for  transportation to the rear, and ordered up one of the boats in charge of the Sanitary Commission, from Yorktoyvn, to
receive them.  This boat, the Elm City, reached me during the afternoon of the 12th.  I directed her, after  she was filled up,
to proceed to Washington.  The remainder of the sick yvere left in Williamsburg, under the care of Doctor Bronson and the
medical officers of General Grover's Brigade.  *  *  About the same time, to afford further relief for our  hospitals, a feyv more
of our sick yvere sent north.   On the 11th of May, two hundred and twenty-five yvere dispatched from Yorktoyvn, and, on the
12th, five hundred  more.  On the 13th, the steamer Donaldson  reported to me at Williamsburg from Franklin's  Division.   She
was ordered  to take subsistence and hospital stores on board at Yorktoyvn, and then to proceed to Alexandria.   The number of
men she had on board was not reported, nor the authority by yvhich she came down.
      On the 7th of  May, General Franklin fought at West Point.   Doctor Hamilton, his medical director, reported forty-nine
killed and one hundred and thirty-one Avounded.   He reported, also, the great  efficiency of the ambulance corps, organized
under your orders October 3d, 1861.  One of the men of that corps was killed while engaged in removing the yvounded.
      On the 7th of  May, we had six men yvounded in a cavalry skirmish near New Kent Court-house.    They yvere cared for
in the houses in the neighborhood.
      Matters b«ng arranged at Williamsburg, I moved, on the evening of the 13th, to rejoin headquarters.  Bivouacking at
night on the  road,  I reached Cumberland at noon on the 14th.  Here I found a number of sick reported as unable to go on.  It
was raining hard, and the roads yvere almost impracticable.  It was necessary to make some provision for the  sick.  I took a
steam tug at  night, and Avent doAvn the river until I reached the steamer Commodore.  The master of the vessel refused to go up
the river  without a pilot, as it Avould vitiate his insurance.  I applied to the  provost marshal at Eltham for a pilot.   He kneAV
of none.  Chancing to hear of the  mate of a brig about sailing for home, who  Avas said to know the river, I sent him an order,  /
in your name, to repair on board the Commodore immediately to pilot her up. I succeeded in getting her to Cumberland, and
 :hus provided a hospital.  Leaving her in position, on the 16th, I moved Avith the  headquarters to  White House.  This being
the neyv base of operations, it was  necessary to establish  a general hospital there.  There yvere no buildings at all fit for the
purpose, so, to meet  present necessities, I resorted to the use of tents.   A detail of soldiers yvas  ordered to  pitch  them.  It
was furnished reluctantly, and yvas most inefficient.  Under the superintendence of Brigade  Surgeon J. H. Baxter, yvith
one hundred  and  fifty men, I learned that, after two day's Avork, there yvere but thirty-four tents pitched.   At the end of
four days, one hundred were  ready; all that Ave could command.   Cooking cauldrons were got in readiness, subsistence yvas
procured, and bed sacks filled, without delay.  The army being again in motion, more sick and a multitude of stragglers rushed
in upon us.  Our store ships  and the hospital transports being up, I  detailed the Daniel Webster,  No. 1, to convey a party of
the yvorst cases to Boston.   These  men were ordered to be selected with great care from those in the  hospital tents.  Tyvo
hundred  and sixty yvas the number to be received.   Before one-half this  number was sent from the hospital, the ship yvas
reported full.  Stragglers had  rushed on board yvithout authority and  had taken possession.  I sent a brigade surgeon to expel
them, but without avail.  I then determined to send no more men from the peninsula on account of sickness, if there were any
means  of avoiding it.  Orders in  relation to the selection of cases were useless.  I am  sure  that hundreds  of  malingerers
succeeded in deserting their colors on the hospital transports, in  spite of every effort of mine to prevent it.  The regimental
officers might have prevented it.  I could not.  After the two hundred and sixty had left on the Daniel  Webster, I found ten
hundred  and twenty in  the hospital tents, and of these, nine hundred  yvere reported to me  by the medical officers in charge as
men with such trifling ailments that they should never have been permitted to  fall to the rear.
      While still at White House,  I received a telegram from the front that scurvy had  appeared in two brigades of the army,
one of yvhich yvere the regular troops.  I could scarcely credit the accuracy of the information.   I kneAV that the brigade had
obeyed the orders issued in relation to the use of vegetables, and  the  manner of cooking their rations; still I did not think it
prudent to disregard the report, aud, accordingly, I telegraphed to Washington for lemons and potash.  I procured a few boxes
of lemons from the stores of the sanitary commission at once, and carried them Avith me to the front.   Having set the hospital at
vvhite House in motion, Brigade Surgeon Baxter, in charge, I loaded three wagons Avith hospital  supplies, and, on May 21st,
started  once  more in pursuit of the army.  I found headquarters at Tunstall's  Station; the next  day they were  advanced to 
56                        APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
 Cold Harbor.  Here I investigated the report with regard to scurvy, and found it to he erroneous.  I, however, requested  Ihp
 Adjutant  General to compel  the men to use desiccated vegetables, and  to make and use soup daily, unless that yvere rendered
 impossible by reason of being actually on the march; the use of fried fresh meat to be  absolutely forbidden, boiled or roasted
 beef to be substituted.  On the 23d, I returned to White House, and the next day proceeded to Yorktown to inspect the hospitals
 there.  I found them in yvant of some articles of clothing and  bedding, but generally in good order and yvell managed. One of
 these, in the Nelson House, yvith Miss Dix for housekeeper, yvas very neat.  On my return, I inspected the hospital ships, made
 arrangements for completing  their equipments, and directed the sanitary commission to send one thousand shirts, three hundred
 wrappers, three hundred pairs of slippers, and one thousand sheets to the Yorktoyvn hospital.  I then inspected the hospital at
 White House, made contracts yvith nineteen  physicians  from  Massachusetts, sent promptly by Surgeon General W. J.  Dale
 in ansyver to a telegram from me, placed eight of them on duty at White House, and sent the remainder to Yorktoyvn to relieve as
 many regimental medical officers, who yvere forthwith ordered to their regiments.  I found stragglers still coming in to thehospital
 some really sick, who said they had been sent by their surgeons.  On my return to headquarters, I met one hundred and twenty-
 five just coming in to Despatch Station to take the train, sent down in ambu'ances in direct violation of the standing orders of the
 army.  I inspected these men on the spot, and sent a number back to their regiments.   When I reached my tent. I again brought
 this matter to the notice of headquarters, feeling convinced we should soon have no army unless this practice yvas stopped.
       May 27th,  General  F. J. Porter fought and defeated the enemy at Hanover Court-house.   In this  battle,  there  were
 reported to me sixty-two killed, and  two hundred and ten wounded.  Of the latter, one hundred and  thirty-eight only yvent
 into the hospital.   One hundred and twenty-three wounded prisoners  fell into our hands.
       Ambulances were promptly sent for the  wounded, and hospitals  prepared  for  them in William  Gaines's and Hogan's
 houses and out-houses.  Hogan's house being under fire, I was afteryvards obliged to remove the wounded prisoners to Doctor
 Gaines's buildings.  The yvounded having been collected and attended to, I requested  Colonel Ingalls to  6rder the steamer
 Knickerbocker to be in readiness to receive them on May 30th.   I also directed the Elm City to carry four hundred sick from
 White House to Yorktown.  These boats were in possession of the Sanitary Commission, and neither of them were ready.  I
 then directed our own boat, the Commodore, to be placed in condition to receive  the wounded,  and  requested Surgeon H\  H.
 Smith to take the general  direction of affairs  at that point.   I then substituted  the Daniel Webster, No. 2, for the Elm City to
 convey the sick.  This was met by further objection, and I was  obliged  to reiterate the  order peremptorily, yvith instructions
 to the surgeon in charge of the hospital to  call upon Colonel  Ingalls to direct  the  embarkation if there was any trouble.
 One hundred  and four wounded were sent doyvn and received  by Dr. Smith on  the  Commodore that day; of these, forty-
 seven yvere prisoners.  It was intended to remove  the  remainder of the wounded the  next day, but  a heavy rain coming
 on, we Avere obliged to defer it.  That day, at 2 P. M., the enemy attacked  our left flank at Fair Oaks.  The action lasted  till
 nightfall.   It yvas resumed the next morning, and continued till 11 A. m.   Immediately after the commencement of the battle, the
 boats at White House were ordered to be in  readiness to receive the Avounded.  Surgeons Avere placed on board those in need
 of them; other surgeons, volunteer and contract, of whom I had a supply at White House, were  brought up to the field depots,
 The transportation of the wounded was begun that night and kept up steadily until completed.  This was accomplished by the 7th
 of June.   I never received complete returns of the losses in this action.   In Keyes's corps, three hundred and eighty-two yvere
 killed, and one thousand seven hundred and  thirty-one wounded.   In Sumner's, the  wounded were about one thousand, and,
 in Heintzelman's, seven hundred and fifty.  The whole number sent from White House by the steamers yvas three thousand
 five hundred and eighty.   Of these, one hundred and sixty-seven were conveyed to Philadelphia by the William Whilden. r ,  -
       June 8th, a skirmish  took place in front of Sumner's position, in which we  had four killed  and twenty-three wounded.
 During all this time, there yvere, of course, some men sick in the field hospitals; it was perceived that they would be more and
 more in the yvay as neyv conflicts occurred, and it became necessary to devise some  means of getting them to the rear.  For this
 purpose, I directed the establishment at Yorktown to be enlarged to the capacity of tyvo thousand five hundred, or three  thousand
 beds, so that I might relieve White  House hospital, and keep it clear  for an emergency.   *  *  I  yvas in hopes I should have
 received before this  the four hundred hospital  tents I had asked for while we were  at Yorktown.   About one-half of them
 arrived the middle of June.  I requested General Van Vliet to have  one hundred  pitched at White House for an extension of
 that hospital, and to deposit seventy-five at  Savage's and Fair Oaks Stations for use in another battle.  * *  June 19th, I
 authorized Mr. F. L. Olmstead to  fill the Steamer Daniel Webster, No. 1, and the steamer Spalding from  the White House
 and Yorktoyvn hospitals, and  to proceed with them to Neyv York.
       A very large number of rebels, killed at Fair Oaks, were interred by our troops;  yet many were left unburied.   They
 had fallen in the  woods, or had been carried thither, and  escaped observation.   In the course of time, the remains yvere so
 offensive as to seriously discommode  our camps. Disinfectants were  sent to be strewn  over the grounds, and every exertion
was made to abate this evTil.   Still it had not entirely ceased yvhen we  left the vicinity.
       June 14th,  scurvy was again reported as having appeared in Sumner's corps.  I sent an able medical officer to investigate
it, yvho found six  cases in the 19th  and 20th Massachusetts regiments,  and several others " acquiring the predisposition to  the
disease."  *  *  At this time, I found it necessary to ask that so much of General  Orders 102, March 19th, 1862, as authorized
commanders of corps to grant leaves  of absence tor fifteen days to medical  officers, should be rescinded.  Fifteen days yvould
take them home, but it yvas a rare thing to  find them at their  posts  at the expiration of it.  Notwithstanding we had under
contract nearly a  hundred  civilian physicians,  the regiments yvere scarcely much  better provided  than  when yve began to fill
vacancies in this yvay.  Several of the contract physicians themselves soon repented of  their bargains and begged to be relieved.
As their contracts could be determined at their oyvn pleasure, I could only refuse to  terminate them myself, but could not prevent
their doing so.  To obviate this inconvenience for a reasonable time, at least, I wrote to the Surgeon General  to request him, for
the future, to stipulate with these gentlemen  that they Bhould not terminate their contracts in less than three months.   My
 suggestion Avas adopted, and yve yvere thus enabled to retain several yvho Avould otherwise have left  us.
       Desiring to leave  nothing undone that yvould promote and  preserve the health  of the army at this critical  period,  I
resolved to call upon the yvhole body of medical officers for their  opinions and advice.   For this purpose, I addressed to the 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  TRIPLER.                              57
 medical directors a circular, under date of June 18th.   I received, before the final conflicts, reports from several of these, and all
 agree that nothing of any consequence had been left undone that the medical department could do.   Better shelter for the men,
 less yvork, and, in a feAV instances, neyv clothing yvas all that seemed to be yvanting.  June 12th, the headquarters were removed
 to the right bank of the Chickahominy, near Dr. Trent's house. Some firing and shelling took place from day to day, but without
 any damage to us.  On the 13th, the enemy made a raid to our  rear, doing but little harm;  our railway communications yvere
 not interrupted.  On  the  15th, the roads  then, for the first time, admitting of it, I succeeded in transferring the remainder of
 the Hanover wounded to the floating hospitals at White House.  June 16th, I took measures  for providing a receiving  hospital
 for the  wounded at Savage's Station, the headquarters of General Heintzelman.  Doctor Swinburne, of Albany, Neyv York, a
 surgeon known to me by reputation, and one yvho had rendered some service at White House and Fair Oaks, having reported to
 me, under contract, I directed him to prepare this depot under the supervision of Surgeon Milhau, medical director of Heintzel-
 man's corps.  Every facility yvas given Doctor SAvinburne for this purpose; large details of men, all the tents yve could command,
 abundance of subsistence stores.   There yvere several out-houses at  the station that yvere directed to be vacated; some sick in
 them belonging to Keyes's corps yvere transferred to White House.  An ice-house, near Savage's house, was filled Avith ice.  In
 tyvelve days, with a detail of one hundred men, or as many of them as chose to report, Doctor Swinburne succeeded in getting
 the buildings cleaned, tyventy-five tents pitched, tyvo or three  cauldrons for making soup, in position, yvater casks prepared and
 filled yvith yvater, hospital stores and dressings, and Avas  prepared to receive the Avounded.   June 17th, six hundred sick were
 ordered from White  House to YorktoAvn, to make room for wounded I expected soon to be  called upon to provide for. The
 same day the medical officers Avere ordered again to provide themselves Avith  portable soup.  Tents were also  ordered to be
 pitched near the raihvay terminus at White House, for the reception of yvounded upon the arrival of the cars.  On the 20th, I
 visited White House again and inspected the arrangements.  I met there Mr. Brunot, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, yvho had come
 on yvith a party of yvell qualified  nurses, to offer their services.   No more devoted band; none, perhaps, so devoted, had ever
 presented themselves. I quartered them temporarily upon the hospital steamer  Louisiana.  At the  right time, they repaired to
 Savage's Station, performed ever memorable service, and crowned their self-sacrifice by cheerfully remaining with the wounded
 yve yvere obliged to lea,re in the hands of the enemy yvhen we  retired to James River.
      Returning to headquarters on June 21st, I sent Doctor D. L. Rogers, of New York, who had rejoined me some days
 before, the hospital at Williamsburg having been  broken  up, to the left bank  of the Chickahominy, to evacuate  upon White
 House all the field hospitals upon that side.  This duty yvas zealously performed, and all that could be removed  yvas removed.
 From this time events hurried on yvith great rapidity.    I  sent an  order to  the purveyor  at White House to send  a large
 quantity of supplies to Savage's Station.  By telegraph,  I received the reply that all yvas packed  up and the boat ordered to
 fall back to West Point.  This was exceedingly vexatious.  We yvere tolerably yvell supplied, and I had, as before reported, a
 reserve of three Avagon loads in my oyvn camp; nevertheless, this misunderstanding Avas a great disappointment, and caused me
 much anxiety.  In a few days the boat returned.   As soon as I heard of this, I repeated my order of June 27th, and telegraphed
 to the sanitary  commission to send up supplies.  The effort  Avas made, but too late.   On the 28th, our communications were cut
 off. I received nothing from below but some hospital tents,  and they came in just in time to be burnt, or to fall into tbe hands of
 the enemy.   On the 25th, yve had a smart skirmish on our left.  The yvounded, who Avere very few, were sent to White House.
 On the 23th, General  McCall fought at Mecbanicsville.  His division had joined on June 18th.  I could not succeed in getting
 a report from it of any sort.  The  sick yvere sent into the camp at headquarters yvithout notice, yvithout a report, a nurse, or a
 crust of bread.  I yvas obliged  to  send  them to  Savage's Station to occupy room I wanted  for yvounded men.   On the 27th,
 General Porter fought at Gaines's Mill.  Ambulances Avere  sent,  and his Avounded Avere brought in to Savage's  Station. The
 cars were kept in motion, and as many as could be sent doyvn  were sent to the floating hospitals.  A  large train was loaded at
 10 a. m. on the 28th, when yve found that the raihvay was in possession of the  enemy, and I was reluctantly compelled to take
 the men back to the hospital.  All this time, the services of every one that could be commanded yvere employed in attending to
 the wounded.   There yvere about  thirteen hundred in  the tents,  buildings, and  on the layvn.   My assistants,  Doctors
 McClellan and Greenleaf, yvith some of Mr. Brunot's party,  Avere most active and efficient in providing for the refreshment and
 subsistence of  the Avounded.   Surgeon A. K. Smith, of  the army, with Doctor J. Swinburne,  and  a number of  medical
 officers of volunteers and contract  physicians yvere employed in the necessary operations  and dressings.  No exertions seemed
 to be too great, no fatigue too exhausting, for the self-sacrificing zeal of every one of these gentlemen.   In the afternoon, I
 received orders to leave all that could not yvalk, with a supply of surgeons, nurses, subsistence, and hospital stores, to fall into
 the hands of the enemy.   I caused the wounded to be carefully examined, and  six hundred and fifty yvere reported to  me as
 unable to move. A number of these, hoyvever, did contrive to get off and to march to James  River in safety.  I then called for
 volunteers to remain yvith  the wounded, and, to the credit of the medical gentlemen, be it said, all that I wanted immediately
 expressed their readiness to undertake the  duty.  One of them, Doctor H. J. Milnor, of New York, lost his life from exhaustion
 in this self-abnegation.
     Doctor Swinburne having had the organization of the hospitals, I constituted him chief of the  party, and furnished him
 with a letter to  the Confederate commander, in these words:
                                                            " Headquarters Army of Potomac, June 28th, 1862.
 To the Commanding General of the Confederate Forces, or Commanding Officer :
     Doctor Syvinburne,  a volunteer surgeon, with  a number of other  surgeons, nurses, and  attendants, have been left in
charge of the sick  and yvounded of this army yvho could  not  be removed.  Their humane occupation commends itself, under
the law of nations, -to the kind consideration of the  opposing forces.  It is requested that  they may be free to return as soon as
the discharge of their  duties with the sick and wro.unded will permit, and that the same consideration  shown to the Confederate
Bick, yvounded,  and medical officers, that  have been  captured by our forces, may be extended to  them.  A  large amount of
clothing, bedding, medical stores, &c, have been left, both at  Savage's Station and Doctor Trent's house.
     By command of Major General McClellan.
                                                                                    Charles S.  Tripler,
                                                                     Surgeon and Medical Director Army of Potomac." 
58                         APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—PENINSULAR  CAMPAIGN.

       On the morning of June 29th, the headquarters moved in the direction of James River, and arrived at Ilaxall's Landing
the next day.  The actions at Savage's Station, White Oak Syyamp, and Malvern Hill occurred in quick sin (cssion.  s„ u,ru_
circumstaiices yvould admit, the yvounded Avere conducted, or found their way, to this point, to Carter's, and to Harrison's liar
To the latter position, the headquarters yvere transferred in the night of July 1st.  The next day a heavy rain fell, delmiiii' our
yvounded, many of whom had no shelter.   Some of our hospital ships having reached Harrison's Bar at that time, I procured a
lighter from the quartermaster, and  commenced shipping  the yvounded; but I Avas obliged to suspend this operatiou by orders
from yourself, as the wharf yvas absolutely necessary for landing subsistence stores.   Every thing possible, hoyvever, yvas done for
the comfort of the yvounded; tea, coffee, soup, and stimulants yvere being constantly prepared and issued.  My train of reserve
stores had happily succeeded in reaching the position, and the supplies held out until yve were able to get more from the purveyor'*
store-ship in the river.  On July 3d, my successor, Dr. Letterman, having reported, I turned over the department to him.
      The reports of killed and yvounded  in this series of conflicts, I presume, yvere made to Dr. Letterman;  I left the army
before there yvas time to prepare them.
      During this campaign, the army Avas favored with excellent health; no epidemic disease appeared.  Those scourges of
modern armies, dysentery,  typhus, cholera, were almost unknown.  We had some typhoid fever, and more malarial fevers; hut
even these never prevailed to such an extent as to cause any alarm.  The sick reports yvere something larger than we had hoped
to have them, hut the greater majority  of the cases reported yvere such as did not threaten life or permanent disability.    *   "
      In reflecting upon the history of the medical administration of the army ot the Potomac, many defects are perceived.  Seme
of them may be remedied in the future; others, I fear, can  not be.   For the first time, the United States has assembled very Inige
armies; our staff' system has been severely  tried.  I am not called upon, nor am I prepared to say, yvhether the other departments
have proved successes or failures.  My oyvn department yvas neither a complete success nor a very decided failure.  The most
serious impediment in the yvay of its success yvas, undoubtedly, the yvant of military habits and training in the medical officers.
The general impression among the people seems to be that a good civilian physician is fully competent to discharge the duties of
a regimental surgeon ; and I have no idea that anything I can say will be effective in disabusing the public mind of a notion that
I believe to be as mischievous as it is erroneous.   In my opinion, it is impossible to improvise an efficient medical staff; no nation in
the world, except our oyvn, has ever attempted it.  So little Avas knoyvn among us about a medical department for an army when
the present rebellion greAV serious, that  in the first project for a grand army, one assistant  surgeon only was provided for a
regiment of tyvelve hundred  men;  and,  so little importance  yvas attached to his  position  and character, that all sorts of
doctors,  even advertising  quacks,  yvere sometimes commissioned  as medical  officers;  men,  innocent  of any such vulgar
acquirement as orthography; men, yvho had never even seen, much less performed, a surgical operation.  The great majority of
the medical officers were certainly highly respectable members of the profession ; but  still there yvere enough of the ignorant or
illiterate to prove what I have said: that, so far as the public notion of Avhat Avas required for a medical officer was concerned,
almost any one was considered  competent to perform the duties  of  a military  surgeon.   I see no remedy  for this unless
a large permanent staff is  hereafter kept up.  In so vast an establishment  as the Army of the  Potomac, without a rigid
adherence to system, nothing could  have been accomplished.  It Avould have been impossible to supply it; to know yvhether it
was supplied or not; to reduce its supplies to a minimum  bulk so that they could be transported ; so to limit the extent of the
trains that the supply wagons should be  accessible.   Now this system yyas derisively termed "red tape," and medical men,
fresh  from civil  life, who ought to have been learners,  yvere encouraged  by so-called philanthropists  to disregard a restraint
they found irksome, and to assert a practical independence of it as a work of a strong will.  By firmness, and  the aid of the
better instructed brigade surgeons, a fair progress was  made  in  controlling  and correcting  this evil; but there Avere some
medical officers yvho Avere incorrigible.
      Transportation  for medical supplies was provided but,  as  yve have seen, these  were in  many instances left behind
under  the  plea of want of transportation.  The colonels took the  doctor's wagon to  carry  other  baggage; at least, that
yvas the excuse offered.  Want of discipline was seriously felt in the difficulty of getting  reports from the medical officers.  It
yvas inconvenient to make them; inconvenient to send them in;  the necessity  for  them was not apparent.  The habit of
obedience to  orders, yvhether  the reason for them  is  comprehended or not, is  one of slow growth, and  particularly among
medical men brought up in civil life.   I never could get complete reports, even while we  were in Washington.   After we  took
the field, that difficulty was much increased.   Still, for the successful  administration of the department, these reports were
absolutely necessary.  There yvas unquestionably a deficiency of hospital tents upon the Peninsula; but, if all that yvere issued
to the regiments  at Washington  had been carefully transported by them, they  Avould have had enough.  The  tents were left
behind in many instances,  both  on the Potomac and at  Yorktown.   WTant of transportation Avas  again the excuse.   Some
one Avill ask, ' Why Avere not the medical officers Avho were derelict arrested, tried, or  dismissed V  Hoyv much better off should
we have been Avith that resort?   Who yvere to take their places?  When  yvould  they reach us?  Would the neyv staff have
been any better than the old, appointed under the same auspices, drayvn from the same sources, and with no experience at alM
The fault yvas not Avith them;  it Avas the fault of the system.  Original vice cannot be atoned for, nor its consequences averted,
by repetition.   " The evils  wliich flow from injudicious counsels can seldom be removed by the application of partial severities."
The failure of the medical department  of the Army of the  Potomac to meet a just public  expectation, if it did so fail, Avhich I
dispute, was  due to  a deficiency in the number of officers, to the denial to them of a proper official position, they being consid-
ered only as " doctors," to be called upon to prescribe for a man reporting sick, but not authorized to meddle in any yvay yvith
the police customs of the camps, or to  insist on  any measure for the preservation of  the  health of the men; to their not being
permitted to control  the means of transportation furnished to them, and to the professional incompetency of a certain number
of the officers.       *      *      *
      I cannot close this report yvithout expressing my appreciation of  the  conspicuous services of Surgeons J. F. Hammond,
J. B. BroAvn, and J. J. Milhau, the medical directors of  Generals Sumner's, Keyes's, and Heintzelman's corps;  Surgeon R. H.
Alexander, medical purveyor; Surgeon A.  K. Smith, and Assistant Surgeons E. McClellan, and C. R. Greenleaf, my own aids.
I think I am justified in asserting that there yvas no duty that these officers yvere called upon to perform that was not well and 
PlcLte IH.
Appendix to Part I, Med.&. Surg, lietory of the ReToeHiori
 
 
SUB-REPORTS  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR TRIPLER.
59
promptly done; that their zeal never faltered; their ability never failed.  If my department was conducted to your satisfaction,
the efforts of these genilemen contributed most essentially to that result.  Among the volunteer medical officers, in my opinion,
Brigade Surgeons Lyman, Crosby, Baxter, Bentley,  and Dougherty deserve special notice for their ability and efficiency.
                               I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                              CHARLES S. TRIPLER,
                                                            Surgeon U. S. Army, Medical Director Army of Potomac.
  To Major General George B. McClellan,  U. S. Army,
                                       Commanding General Army of Potomac."
XLYI.   Memorandum of Instructions to  Inspectors of Hospitals in the Army of the Potomac,
     given by command  of General  G.  B. McClellan.   By Surgeon C.  S. Triplek,  U.  S. A.,
     Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac.

      *   *  *  "Inspectors of hospitals assigned to duty yvith  the Army of the Potomac will proceed to the camps of such
divisions of the  army as they may be directed to visit, and yvill institute careful and rigid inspections as to the following points:
1st. Whether there is a brigade surgeon on duty  yvith each brigade; his name and date of commission ; whether he is active,
competent, and  attentive to his duties ?  *  *   2d. Whether each regiment   *  * is provided  yvith a surgeon and assistant
surgeon;  *  *  yvhether they are present and for duty yvith their regiments; or, if absent, by what authority, for yvhat reason,
and hoyv long?   3d. The number of hospital tents received, and from yvhat source ; yvhether they are used for the sick ; or it
diverted to  any other use, by yvhat authority this yvas done?   Whether the hospital tents are  properly located, sufficiently
yvarmed and ventilated, furnished with bunks and bedding, and properly policed?   4th. Whether  a competent hospital steward
and a sufficient  number of  hospital  attendants are attached to each regiment, and if they are yvell selected?  5th. Hoyv many
men  are sick in hospital  ; how many in quarters; yvhat are  the prevailing diseases in each?  6th. Whether there is a brigade
hospital;  if  so, hoyv it is situated and served as  to steyvards and attendants?   The  character of building, its  condition
of repair, and its provision of bunks and bedding should also  be noted, and the folloyving questions ansyvered: Can it  be
advautageously  dispensed yvith ?  Should any of the  patients be sent to the  general hospitals?  Hoyv many patients does it
contain, and yvhat are the diseases?  Is the building  sufficiently ventilated and  yvarmed?  7th.  What  is the  condition  ot
medicines, hospital stores, instruments, and dressings ?   Are they  sufficient to enable the regiment to,take the field ?  If deficient,
in what respect ? Has any record been kept of the supply received ? Have they been judiciously and faithfully used ? 8th. Has
the hospital-fund account been kept in accordance yvith orders, and if not, who is responsible for the neglect?  9th. How many
and what  kind of ambulances are on hand ?  What is their condition ?   From yvhat source were  they received?  Is their use
strictly confined to the  transportation of the sick, and to  the ambulance drills?   If not, yvho is to blame?  10th.  Are the records
of hospitals properly kept ? Do the surgeons send in their weekly reports ?   11th. What is the condition of the camp?  Is it
well located ? If not, can its location be advantageously changed ?  Is it well drained and well policed ?  Are the tents in good
order and yvell ventilated ?   12th. Are the men yvell clothed ?  Are their persons kept clean?   13th. How is the cooking done ?
Are the messes inspected, and by whom ?  Are the provisions good?  14th.  Are the men's sinks properly located and attended
to?  15th. What means  are resorted to for warming  the  camps, and are they effective?   16th.  What is  the  strength of the
regiment?   l?th. What is the general sanitary condition of the regiment?   Hoyv many yvould have to be sent to the general
hospital if the regiment yvere ordered to march ?   Upon  all these  points a systematic report Avill be made to  the medical director
immediately after each  inspection.  Where the inspectors perceive hygienic errors to exist, they will call the  attention of the
proper authority to them at once, and  state in the report of inspection that they have  done so.   The  inspectors will also
examine medical officers  in relation to their duties, ascertaining whether they  understand them, taking the Regulations as their
guide. They will instruct the medical  officers in their duties, being  careful to correct any errors, and to point out to them the
scope and correct manner of performing their duties.  The surgeon's call should be beaten in the  presence of the  inspector, to
enable him to judge Avhether the routine of duty is understood, and to decide Avhether the men attending surgeon's call correspond
yvith the official  reports, and yvhether they are judiciously treated.  The inspector yvill also institute an inquiry into the cases of
the men yvho are recommended for discharge.  The number of certificates sent to headquarters indicate  either great  facility in
granting these discharges or great carelessness in the  inspection  of the men at the time of their enlistment.  It is the desire  of
the General that a thorough medical inspection of the  army be  made as speedily as possible, that no possible deficiency may
exist in the medical department yvhen the army advances upon the enemy; and to this end he commands all officers, of yvhatever
rank, to afford the inspectors of hospitals every facility in conducting their inspections."
 XXVIL  Memorandum of Instructions  to Brigade  Surgeons  of Volunteers of the  Army  of
     the Potomac, promulgated  by  Command  of General  G. B.  McClellan;  being  General
     Order No. 30,  Headquarters of the Army of the Potomac, October 3d, 1861.
     "The folloAving regulations respecting the duties of Brigade Surgeons are published for the government of all concerned:
     1.  The brigade surgeons yvill frequently inspect the  police, cooking, clothing, and cleanliness of the camps and men in
their respective brigades; the position  and condition of the sinks;  the drainage of the camp grounds; the ventilation  of  the
tents, etc.; making written reports to the brigade commanders yvhenever, in their opinion, any errors in these respects require
correction, and sending duplicates of these reports to the medical director of the army.
     2.  They yvill see that the  medicines, hospital stores, instruments, and dressings of the several regimental  surgeons  are
kept constantly sufficient in quantity, in  good order, and ahvays ready for active service. 
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APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—PENINSULAR  CAMPAIGN.
       3.  They yvill collect from the several regimental surgeons, and transmit every Saturday morning to the medical director
a copy of their morning report made to the commanding officers of their regiments, and yvill accompany these yvith rema k
shoyving the character of the principal diseases prevailing.
       4.  They Avill promptly report  to the medical director all changes in station, or location  of themselves, or any of tl
medical officers in their brigades, with  the number, date, and authority of the order by yvhich such changes were made.
       5.  They yvill inspect carefully all  men receiving certificates of disability for discharge, and, if thev approve, they will
countersign such certificates.
       6.  The hospital attendants, to the number of ten men to a regiment, and the regimental  bands yvill be assembled under
the supervision  of the brigade  surgeons, and will be  drilled  one hour each day, except Sunday, by the regimental medical
officers, in setting up and dismantling  the hand  stretchers, litters, and  ambulances;  in  handling  men carefully, placing them
upon the litters and ambulance beds, putting them into the ambulances, taking them out, etc.; carrying men upon the  hand
stretchers, observing that the leading bearer steps off yvith the left foot, and the rear bearer yvith the right; in short, in every-
thing that can render this service effective and the most comfortable for the yvounded yvho are to be transported.
       7.  Brigade surgeons yvill see that the orders of the commanding general, in relation to the uses to which ambulances
are to be applied, are strictly obeyed, and they will report promptly to the brigade commanders all infractions of these orders.
       8.  Whenever a skirmish or affair  of outposts occurs, in which  any portion of their brigades is engaged, they yvill see
that the ambulances and stretchers, properly manned yvith the drilled men, are in immediate  attendance to  bring off the
yvounded, and that the regimental medical officers are at their posts Avith their instruments, dressings, and hospital knapsacks in
complete order and ready for immediate use, so that no delay may occur in rendering the necessary surgical aid to the yvounded.
       9.  They yvill report in  writing to the medical  director, Avithin twenty-four hours after  any affair yvith the  enemy the
name, rank,  and regiment of each of the wounded; the situation of the wound, and the surgical means adopted in the case.
       10.  Brigade surgeons yvill be held responsible that the hospital service in their brigades is kept constantly effective and
in readiness for any emergency.  No remissness in this respect will be tolerated or overlooked.
      By command of Major General McClellan.
                                                                        (Signed)            S. WILLIAMS,
       Official.                                                                         Assistant Adjutant General.
       Note.—The medical director desires that exsection of the shoulder and elboyv-joints shall be resorted to, in preference to
amputation, in all cases offering a reasonable hope of success, and that  Pirogoff's operation at the ankle should be preferred to
Chopart's, or to amputation  above the ankle, in cases that might admit of a choice."
XLVIII.   Extract from  General  Order No. 9, from  the  Headquarters of the  Army of the
      Potomac, in  relation  to the  Duties of  Commissaries of  Subsistence  in  connection  with
      Brigade and Regimental Hospitals.
      *  *  *   "Subsistence officers must make issues to the hospitals and  keep the accounts  of hospital funds in strict
conformity yvith the requirements of the Regulations [Par. 1073, 1074, 1075].   *   *   Leaves of absence to medical officers
are prohibited, unless granted from these headquarters.   *  *  Patients will not be sent from  the  regimental to the general
hospital yvithout the authority of the medical director. Applications for this authority must be made in yvriting, specifying the
names and diseases of the patients, and be handed in to the office of the medical director between the hours of 9 and 10 a. m.
*  *  The reveille yvill not be beaten until after sunrise, and hot coffee yvill be issued to the troops  immediately after reveille
roll-call, as a preventive of the effects of malaria."      *      *  '    *
 XLIX.   Extracts from  a  Report  to the Surgeon  General on  the  Sanitary  Condition of the
      Army of the  Potomac  in  November and December,  1862.   By  Surgeon  C.  S.  Tripler,
      U. S. A., Medical Director.
      *   *   #  "Tjnti] October, 1861, but a small proportion of the regiments made reports, and few with sufficient accuracy
 to be considered useful or reliable.  As the medical  officers learn more of their duties, greater punctuality is observed in this
 respect.   I received for October, reports from one hundred and twenty-nine regiments, seven battalions, fourteen batteries, and
 eight general hospitals.   The aggregate strength of the force from yvhich these reports yvere  received yvas one hundred and
 sixteen  thousand seven hundred and sixty-three.   Of these, thirty-eight thousand tAvo hundred and forty-eight were under
 treatment during the month in  the  field and general  hospitals; twenty-seven thousand nine hundred  and eighty-three were
 returned to duty; two hundred  and ninety-five died, and seven thousand four  hundred and forty-three  remained under
 treatment at the end of the month; five  hundred and ten were discharged on  surgeons' certificates of disability.  These men
 never should have been enlisted.   They Avere simply  impositions upon the government, and Avere received through the careless-
 ness or incompetency of the recruiting or inspecting officers.  The same  remarks may apply to those who will  be.presently
 noticed as having been discharged in November.  The  rates of the sick remaining at the end of the  month to the yvhole force
 yvas 6.07 per centum;  the ratio of deaths is 3.03 per centum per annum.  For the  month of November, I have reports from
 one  hundred  and fifty-six  regiments, six  battalions, twenty  batteries, and  eight general hospitals.   From  the division
 commanded by General Dix, I have no reports.  The  aggregate  strength of the forces from yvhich I have received reports ia
 one hundred and forty-two thousand five hundred and seventy-seven.  Of these, forty-seven thousand eight hundred and thirty-
 six have been under treatment in the field and general  hospitals;  thirty-five  thousand nine hundred and fifteen of whom have
been returned to duty, and two hundred and eighty-one have died; nine thousand tyvo hundred  and eighty-one remained under 
"SUB-REPORTS  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR TRIPLER.
61
treatment at the end of the month;  six  hundred and eighteen have  been discharged upon  surgeons' certificates of disability.
The number remaining  is considered the constant diminution of force due to sickness.  This is  6.5 per centum.   Of these,
however, more than one-half are probably capable of taking the field, and yvould  do so in  case of an advance or  an attack.
The proportion of serious cases to the yvhole number treated is about one-third, and this I should consider as the true number
of the sick yvho would be unfit for any duty at any given time.  This yvould give 2.3 per centum as inefficient.
      The deaths in November were tyvo hundred and eighty-one, yvhich gives a mortality for the yvhole force of 2.36 per centum
per annum.  The diseases from which our men have suffered most have been continued remittent and typhoid fevers, measles,
diarrhoea, dysentery, and the various forms of catarrh.  Of all the scourges  incident to armies in the field, I suppose that
chronic diarrhoea  and dysentery have always been the most prevalent and the most fatal.  In this  army, they  are almost
unknoyvn.  We have but tyvo hundred and  eighty cases of chronic diarrhoea, and  sixty-nine of chronic dysentery, reported in
the month of November.   No other army that has ever taken the field can show such a record.  We have  one thousand three
hundred and thirty-one cases of  measles reported in November.  This disease almost invariably appears among irregular troops
in a few yveeks after they are assembled in camp.  The regiments in yvhich these cases have occurred are those recently arrived.
Most of them reached Washington yvith the  disease prevailing.  It has been, generally, of a  mild form, soon  running through
the regiment, and then disappearing.  I do not consider its propagation, under the circumstances, as due to contagion.  On the
contrary, it springs up from local causes, to yvhich all the men are equally exposed,  and those susceptible become its subjects, as
a matter of course.  Among  regular troops, it  is very rarely seen.  Of fevers  of all sorts, we have had seven thousand nine
hundred and thirty-two  cases.  Of these, four thousand and fifty-one Avere remittents and  typhoids.  The proportion of the
latter to the former is stated to be one to tyvo and three tenths.  I have every reason to believe that this is greatly exaggerated
by errors in diagnoses.   I do not look upon  typhoid fever, to the extent it has prevailed in this army, as  being of any great
moment.  From the reports of  inspectors of hospitals,  so far as inspections have yet been made, I am satisfied this disease,
if it  ever prevailed to that  extent, is now considerably declining.  The regiments that have suffered most from  fevers in
November  have been the Vermont, one from Maine, one or tyvo  from Pennsylvania, and  one  from  Indiana.  In  all these
regiments,  disease is noyv sensibly abating, and  yve have every reason to hope that in a few months their sanitary condition will
be equally as good as that of  the rest of the  army.   I think there is abundant reason to be satisfied with the progress that has
been made in this  army in introducing something of a system of hygienic precautions; in instructing its medical officers in their
duties; in keeping them  supplied Avith sufficient medicines, hospital  stores, and instruments; in exacting  from them a proper
accountability for public property, and insisting upon its being  used with economy;  in  preventing the  army from  being
burdened yvith articles that, however convenient they may be, are not  absolutely necessary,  and cannot be transported in any
possible supply train when the men are  required to march ; in requiring reports, at short intervals, of the sanitary condition of
the regiments, and in instituting  regular and thorough sanitary inspections by officers of experience of the medical department
of the army, who are competent to perform that  duty'; who understand what is  necessary and yvhat superfluous, and upon
yvhose reports we can undertake to correct errors and  abuses understandingly.  The result of this great  effort is seen in the
statistics above recorded. While the ratio of cases of disease to the yvhole force does not differ for the tyvo  months reported,
the ratio of mortality is sixty-seven per  centum per annum less in November than October.   Important  information  is being
constantly received from the  inspectors of hospitals as to all matters  relating to the comfort and health of the troops, thus
affording opportunities for correcting errors and irregularities wherever they may be found to exist."
 L.  Extracts from a Report  to General  G.  B. McClellan on the Hospitals of the Army of the
      Potomac, in  December, 1861, and January,  1862.   By Surgeon C. S.  Tripler,  IT. S. A.,
      Medical Director.
      " In obedience to instructions, I have the honor to report yvhat I conceive to be  the true state of the  hospitals of this
 army.  I hasten to present  this letter, in anticipation of the completion of all the inspections ordered.
      The importance of the subject  seems to me  to demand this, to  allay  unnecessary apprehensions, and to afford an
 opportunity for correcting  existing irregularities,  as yvell as to offer suggestions  as to the means of preventing, as  far as
 practicable, any increase of disease during the winter and spring.
      I have observed some regiments, after arriving here in yvretched sanitary condition, that have steadily improved, until their
 sick lists would compare favorably yvith  the rest.  This might be accounted for by acclimation; by improvement in discipline
 and police; by acquaintance with the wants of a soldier in camp.  But other troops, and those, too, from particular sections of
 country, have not improved.  The Vermont  regiments in General Brooks's brigade are  examples of this.  They give us the
 largest ratio of sick of all the troops in this army, and that ratio has not essentially varied for the last three months.   They
 Buffered in the first place from measles, sharing  the lot of all irregular troops.  Since  then, they have been the  subjects of
 remittent and typhoid fevers.  Surgeon  C.  C. Keeney, U. S. A., reports the police, clothing, and tents of all  these regiments
 as good, with the exception of those of the 2d  and  3d regiments, which, strange to say, are in decidedly the best sanitary
 condition.  *  *  The camping ground of the 3d Vermont Volunteers is bad.   The soil is clay, the face of the  country rolling;
 but presenting many plains sufficiently  extensive for camps.   *   *   We are now called upon to guard against the diseases of
 Avinter and spring.   The principal diseases yve have to fear are typhus and typhoid fevers and pneumonia.  These diseases prevail
 in this district during the present  and the approaching season.  Already a number of cases have occurred.   These diseases
 arise from foul air, bad clothing, imperfect shelter, exposure to cold and wet, and imperfectly drained and badly policed camps.
 The indispensable conditions for securing the health of men in the field are, good clothing, good food, and good yvater, dry camp
 grounds, and an abundant supply of pure air.  For the shelter of our men, Ave are to choose between tents and huts. There are
clusters of buildings within our limits that might be occupied by our troops; but, having been  erected for a different purpose,
they are in nowise adapted  to this.   They are ill  constructed.and ill ventilated.  I should prefer, if it is  practicable, that the 
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APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—PENINSULAR  CAMPAIGN.
troops should be sheltered by the Chester hut used at Balaklava.   These  huts, with the independent roof ventilation were
found yvell adapted for hospitals, as Avell as quarters, and the results of their employment yvere altogether satisfactory-  Hi  -t
will take time to erect these, and our necessities seem to be too pressing to admit of this delay.   Thev might, hoyvever lie
up to some extent in the yvorst of  our camping grounds, if  military necessity requires that our men shall  be kept in th
positions.  Next to  these huts, I yvould invite attention  again  to  the  plan  of improving our tents that I recommended i
December last:  by building a pen  of logs and slabs the size of the base of the tent some three feet high, and then si-curinir th
tent upon this as a roof.  This  plan is noyv in use in several  camps, and, yvhenever it has been adopted, it has been found to
contribute very much to the comfort of the men.   In some of the camps, pits have been dug as in the Crimea, and tents placed
over them.  This I condemned  emphatically.   I  should add  that, in my opinion, board floors  should be  furnished to all the
tents, and fresh  strayv or hay for the men to sleep upon.  These tents must not be overcroyvded, as is a common and pernicious
practice  in all armies.   The ventilation  of tents, a more  difficult  matter than is generally supposed, should be secured by
yvindows, as they are termed,  in the tent roofs, and by frequently opening the tent doors, or keeping them open during the day.
The tent foundation should not be  alloyved  to be banked up with dirt.  There can never be a dry soil under the tent floors where
this practice obtains.   Most of  the subsoil upon the banks'of the Potomac  is of clay.  This is particularly observed in campi
presenting the largest sick reports, and, therefore, the greater attention is required to be paid to drainage.   I do not believe
such a soil can be drained sufficiently to dispense with floors to the tents.  But, to secure as good a drainage as practicable  I
would recommend that  each company street should be surrounded by a ditch not less than a foot deep; the ditch to be four feet
from the tents.  Ditches of a feyv inches depth should surround the tents and lead to the main ditches.  The floors of the tents
should be raised at least three inches from  the ground ; lime or charcoal  should be streyvn beneath, and the floors laid yvithout
pinning, that it may be readily taken up, and the ground under it policed.
      Pure air cannot exist in camp yvithout good police regulations.  I recommend that all impurities collected in the camps
shall be  buried  not less than a foot below  the surface.   In cavalry camps, the manure must be got rid of in some yvay, or the
men will get sick.  Camping  grounds long occupied get saturated with putrescent  exhalations that engender and aggravate
disease.  A change of camp diminishes an  endemic until a neAV saturation of the soil reneAvs the source of disease.  This was
exemplified in General Brooks's brigade.   A change of camp seemed to have checked the endemic in a regiment, yet gradually
it reappeared.   The  camping ground of Colonel  Berdan's sharpshooters should be changed, for its drainage is bad. This
regiment is suffering from  measles, folloAved by luug complications.  A dry  camp is necessary for the command.  If a suitable
ground  is selected, and the tents  are pitched as I have suggested, I  should  anticipate favorable  results.  I recommend an
immediate change of  the camp grounds of  the brigades that show an excessive proportion of sick ; that these grounds shall be
selected yvith relation to their suitable drainage and exposure, both to storms and to malaria.  The food of the men is good, and
they are gradually improving  in cookery.   Severe dysenteries or diarrhoeas are rare in our  camps.   The clothing of the men is
generally good.   I think deficiencies in this respect have nothing to do with the fevers that scourge the Vermont troops. If it
were practicable, it would be desirable that our men should be furnished yvith  high water-proof boots, that their feet  and legs
might be kept dry when compelled to walk through the deep mud of the Virginia side of the Potomac.  I recommended that,
in September, hot coffee should  be issued to the men immediately after reveille.  This Avas ordered.  I doubt Avhether the order
is noAV observed, but  I think the matter so  important that the order might be advantageously reiterated.  Picket duty involves
great exposure at this season.   The shelter tents might be used much to the comfort of the  soldier on outpost.  I would  give a
whiskey ration twice a  day to men thus exposed,  and they certainly should be furnished with the high boots I have suggested.
They could have a comparatively dry bivouac by  using rubber blankets to lie upon.  I think if we do all this, or as much of it
as possible, yve shall  have done  all yve can  to secure the health of our men.  It may not meet the whole difficulty in the case of
the Vermont troops, but it yvill alleviate it.   I fear there is a nostalgic element affecting this brigade unfavorably.  This cannot
be remedied yvhile the spectacle of their sick and dying comrades is  before them.  We shall diminish disease by the course I
have  pointed out, and this will act favorably upon the other men.  The process of acclimation has been more tedious in these
troops than in any other;  but  now the sickness in these regiments occurs among the recruits mainly, and those longest here are
the healthiest.   While  upon this subject, I ask leave to suggest, that it is advisable to forbid soldiers coming  into the cities of
Washington and Georgetoyvn,  unless upon  duty, with written orders.  Small-pox is quite prevalent in those cities, and I have
reason to believe that cases that have occurred of late have originated from exposure in town.  Revaccination has been practiced
as generally as practicable among our troops, yet cases of variola still occur.  Men have the disease who have been vaccinated
and revaccinated very recently.  Such occurrences impair our confidence in the immunity afforded by vaccination.  I know
no means of preventing them except to keep our men out of the way of infection altogether.  I also earnestly recommend that
all recruits intended for the army  shall  be  revaccinated before they leave the rendezvous where they are enlisted to join their
regiments.  Hundreds of recruits have joined this army lately who have never been vaccinated.  *  *  It is notoriously unsafe
to travel  over any railroad in the country, at the present day, unprotected by vaccination."
LI.   Instructions to  Medical  Directors  of  Army  Corps of the Army of  the  Potomac.   By
      Surgeon Charles  S. Tripler,  U.  S. A.,  Medical Director of  the Army of the Potomac.
      " Having been  assigned  as  medical director of the Army Corps of General ------, you will please  to observe the
folloyving instructions:
      I have reason to believe  great improvidence exists in relation to the  accumulation, care, and expenditure of medicines
and hospital stores.  You.will require brigade and other senior surgeons in your corps to inspect personally the  supplies of the
several regiments or detachments under  their supervision, and to  certify to you that they have done so, and find the supplies
already furnished to have been  faithfully and economically used, and that any neyv supply required is really necessary before
you approve a requisition.  After you have rigorously scrutinized these requisitions, you will endorse your action upon them,
and then forward them to this office.  You will specially forbid any requisition  to be sent to  this office directly, or through any 
SUB-REPORTS  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  TRIPLER.
63
other channel than yourself.  None will be noticed or supplied by me unless thus transmitted.   You will  inspect frequently
the  several commands under  your supervision, and see that their hospital  departments  are kept in perfect order,  and
always ready for any emergency.  It yvill be a never ending source of mortification, if, in the approaching  conflicts, anything
really necessary for the proper care  of the wounded that the  medical department has the power to supply, shall be found
wanting.  There is a disposition among inexperienced medical  officers to accumulate superfluous drugs,  and to transport them
to the exclusion even of surgical appliances of infinitely more importance.  It will be your duty to watch and guard carefully
against this error.  When your corps is ordered to move, there yvill be, of course, some men unable to march.  These must be
left in the general hospital.   Upon the late march to Fairfax, a large number of men were sent into the general hospital.  In a
great many instances, these men yvere  selected without any judgment.  Hundreds Avere received Avith no disease that should
have excused them from duty.  Your attention is called to this, that you may take vigorous measures to prevent such an abuse
in future.  *   *  Instructions  for medical officers in battle have been prepared and issued from headquarters.  You will
endeavor to carry these into effect, and  see that the officers concerned are instructed in the several  duties therein assigned to
them. The reports required to be made by chief medical officers of divisions will be made through  you, and transmitted with
as little delay as practicable.   You Avill make a monthly return of the medical  officers of your corps to me.  You will see  that
the monthly reports of sick and Avounded are promptly made out at the end of each month, and handed to you to be transmitted
to me.  You need not consolidate these, but send them all to me yvithout delay.  You will see that the  weekly reports of the
sick of the several regiments are regularly sent in and foryvarded to me ; the diseases prevailing must be stated in these reports.
This information is absolutely necessary  at  these headquarters.   Certificates of disability, approved by the division  boards,
whenever practicable, yvill also be foryvarded to this office through you.  A medical purveyor has been appointed for this army,
and yvill accompany it into the field.  He will establish a depot as near the seat of operations as practicable.  Sufficient supplies
for this army have been  ordered to that depot, and it is therefore unnecessary  for regimental  medical officers to  send in daily
trifling requisitions, that only encumber the files and embarrass the operations of the purveying department.   *  *  The medical
officers of your corps, you yvill require  to transact their business yvith you, and  through you  yvith this office.  When additional
medical aid is required anyAvhere within  the limits of your corps, you will assign any medical officer, including the  brigade
surgeons, whose services can be commanded with the least inconvenience to that duty.  Frequent communication, both person-
ally and by letter, with this office is invited and enjoined.  Your suggestions Avill ahvays be carefully considered.   Every
facility in my poyver Avill be afforded  you in the performance of your duties, and in sustaining  your authority."   *    *    *
 LIL   Telegram  to  the  Surgeon General,  dated  White  House, May  18M, 1862.   By  Surgeon
     C.  S.  Tripler, U. S. A., Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac.
      "It is  absolutely necessary that not less than  thirty contract physicians should be sent to this army at once, to fill the
 places of medical officers sick and on detached service.  The supplies that left Washington on May 11th have not yet reached
 here.  We are nearly exhausted.  I suggest that medical supplies be sent in  charge of a special agent, to be delivered to the
 purveyor  to whom they are directed.   Medical supplies have been found stored, under other supplies, in the hold of vessels, and
 detained there for yveeks, in this river.  We must have four-wheeled ambulances; two-wheeled are good for nothing.   I asked
 for one hundred and forty four-wheeled some  time  ago.   A lot of tyvo-yvheeled  have been received  since, but are altogether
 insufficient.  We want steamer hospitals, properly fitted up for five  thousand wounded, provided with physicians, nurses, and
 stores."

 LIIL    Extracts from  a Narrative  of  his  Service  in  the Peninsular Campaign.   By Surgeon
     J.  F.  Hammond, U. S. A., Medical  Director of the Second Army Corps.
      *   *   * " March 24th, 1862, I yvas assigned to duty on the staff of General E. V. Sumner as the medical director of
 the Second Army Corps.  I reported for duty as the medical director on March 25th, at Warrenton Junction, Virginia.  Whilst
 there, a reconnaissance yvas made to the Rappahannock River by General O. O. Howard.  The 1st of April, the Second Corps
 began its march to the lines of YorktoAvn,  by yvay of Alexandria  and Fort Monroe.  We embarked  at Alexandria the 6th  of
 April, and arrived  before Yorktoyvn the 8th.  From that time to the 4th of May, our pickets were engaged with the enemy,
 raore'or less, day and night.  Numbers were wounded by rifle balls and  shrapnel, and yvere transported on steamers to the
 North.  The character of the country Avhere yve encamped was low, flat, moist;  the soil argelo-arenacious, covered with heavy
 timber of  pine and oak and dense undergroAvth. There Avere numerous ponds of water, and water could be obtained a few
 inches beneath the surface everyAvhere.  Early in the morning of the 4th of May, it yvas announced that the lines of Yorktoyvn
 were evacuated, and the enemy in full retreat, and General Sumner was ordered to take command of the  pursuit.   Late in the
 afternoon  of that day, he came up with General  Stoneman's brigade of cavalry, close  upon  the enemy, before the defences of
 Williamsburg.  General Stoneman had just been checked and driven back.  The brigades of General  Hancock and  General
 Brooks arriving soon after, General Sumner, supposing  that reinforcements yvere close in his rear, determined to dislodge the
 enemy at once. Two lines of battle yvere  formed of these brigades,  and the order to advance yvas given by the tap of a drum.
 It yvas just at dark, and the woods betyveen our line and the enemy's works, which the cavalry had reported as practicable,
 were found so dense that the troops lost their line of direction, and yvere compelled to halt.  General Sumner, in the meantime,
 had advanced with his staff even Avithin the enemy's line  of pickets, and narrowly escaped capture.  He returned, and ordered
 the troops to bivouac where they Avere, saying, " They shall not retreat an inch." The 5th of May, the battle of Williamsburg
 was fought.   It commenced in the morning, and continued, Avith short intervals,  during the day.  Though General Sumner was
 in command until the arrival of General McClellan,  in the afternoon, none of the Second Corps were on the ground, except the
8th Illinois Cavalry, and they were not engaged.  The enemy were strongly intrenched in a series of field works.   Our troops,
being in pursuit, and detained by the bad condition of the roads, by Avagons, and various other obstacles, arrived sloyvly and 
64                        APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--PENINSULAR  CAMPAIGN.
irregularly.   *   *   On the 6th of May, General Sumner and staff returned to YorktoAvn, to embark with his corps for West
Point, Virginia.  Thence the corps marched by the White House, on the Pamunky, to the Chickahominy, where it arrived on
the 21st  of May.  The  afternoon of the 31st of May, the Second  Corps received  orders to move across the Chickahominv
immediately,  to the support of the Third and Fourth Corps, yvhich had been engaged Avith the enemy for some hours.  Orders
from general  headquarters yvere then in force for no yvagon of any description to cross the Chickahominy in the event of a foryvml
movement.  The medical  officers had  orders from the same source to take no supplies except their hospital knapsacks filled
and the men's haversacks  yvere  kept constantly supplied yvith two days' rations.   We  moved  accordingly with only our full
hospital knapsacks.   About three miles beyond the Chickahominy, at Fair Oaks, finding that the enemy had scattered the
Third Corps, and  yvas approaching, flushed with victory, the  Second Corps yvas formed for battle, and met  the enemy in a
terrible shock, hurling him  back at  the point  of the bayonet.  That night our corps slept,* without cover, upon their arms
The  battle was reneyved vigorously  the next  day,  and the enemy was completely  defeated and driven back by the  Second
Corps.  *  *  The Second Corps remained encamped at Fair Oaks until  the 29th of June.  The character of the country yvas
very similar to that about Yorktown; not so Ioav nor so flat.   During our stay at Fair Oaks our  pickets were daily and nightly
engaged with the enemy, involving various casualties.
      The 27th or 28th of June, General French's  and General Meagher's and General Caldyvell's brigades yvere detached
under General French, to the support of General Porter, east of the Chickahominy.
      The morning of the 29th of June, after a night of incessant watching, a telegraphic dispatch yvas  received from general
headquarters, ordering the Second Corps to fall back three-quarters of a mile to the rear, and connect on the left Avith General
Heintzelman's, and on the right yvith General Franklin's Corps.  The movement Avas effected in good order, without firing a shot.
Here the enemy came upon us, and the engagement of Allan's Farm was fought.  The enemy Avas repulsed, and our three corps
fell back to Savage's Station, two miles to the rear.   That  afternoon, yvas fought the battle of  Savage's Station, in which the
enemy were repulsed yvith great loss.   During that night, the three corps  moved across the White Oak Syvamp.
      On June 30th, the battle of Glendale yvas fought, the enemy  attacking us.  They were  signally defeated, with  heavy
loss.  That night,  we marched to the James River, and encamped upon its bank.
      The next day, the 1st of July, retracing our steps for three or four  miles, we fought the battle of Malvern. The enemy
attacked, and were defeated and driven back yvith great slaughter.   That night, Ave moved doAvn the James River to Harrison's
Landing.       *      *
      At the battle of Fair Oaks the Second  Corps numbered more than twenty-two thousand men.  The primary dressings
yvere applied by the medical officers who  accompanied  the  troops into the  fight, wherever  they could obtain cover in  the
immediate neighborhood of their respective regiments.  The wounded were thence transported to the houses nearest the battle-
field, yvhere, after filling the rooms, they yvere placed upon the ground outside of  the houses, and bowers were built over them.
Here those yvho had not been dressed where they fell, had their yvounds cared for, and, in other cases,  dressings yvere reapplied
or readjusted.  The attention they received yvas all that could be rendered them by the medical officers of the corps.  Without
exception, the  latter Avere  incessant in their  efforts to relieve  the wounded, and  no body of men whatever could be more
faithful in the discharge of their duties.  The supply of  water was sufficient and  good.  Food yvas scarce, as we had left camp
with but tyvo days' rations in the haversacks, and wagons yvere not alloyved to accompany the troops, and all supplies were cut
off by the freshet  in the Chickahominy, tbe loss of the bridges, and the  state of the roads.  The supply of canned soups yvas
inadequate, and I  found it necessary to give orders, with the approval of General  Sumner, to  slaughter horses for soup for
the wounded.  The yveather yvas cool at night,  and yvarm at midday, and much lain fell befoie  the yvounded yvere removed to
the White House.   All  the  ambulances of the corps were absent, detached by orders from general headquarters, before we
crossed the Chickahominy, to transport the wounded of General Porter's battle at Hanover Court-house.  The medical director
of the Army  of the Potomac sent a medical officer to assure me that transportation by the railroad would be afforded the next
day.  It was agreed that the cars should arrive at a  near station at noon, the folloyving day, prepared to take all of my wounded
at once, and I yvas required to have them all at the station by that  time.  The  removal of them was commenced at dayiig'it,
and they yvere at the railroad at the appointed hour;  but the destruction of a part of the railroad by the rain, yvhich fell in
torrents, and the timidity of the conductors prevented the cars from taking the wounded for more than  forty-eight hours after
the time appointed.  The yvounded yvere protected from the yveather as yvell as yvas  practicable, and every other attention was
amply rendered.  I believe that  the  mortality was not  increased by the  exposure.  But tyvo or three deaths occurred  during
that time.  Most of the yvounded yvent  on  foot from the field to  the field hospitals;  the balance yvere all transported on hand
litters.   They were removed from the field hospitals to the cars, a mile or more, on foot  or in ambulances, a few of which had
then arrived  on hand litters and  on horse litters.  The  horse litters, which permitted the recumbent position, served  admirably
for transporting the most painfully yvounded.   The fire to which our troops were  subjected at Fair Oaks was chiefly from small
arms, and the range, from  thirty yards to five hundred.  Its  duration was not more  than three hours  the first day, and nine or
ten the second.  The enemy used the improved conoidal ball and the ball  and buck  cartridge.   Other projectiles could  not be
distinguished by the characters of the wounds.   The yvounded yvere transported by railroad to the Wliite House, on the Pamunky,
and yve never knew to yvhich general hospitals they yvere distributed.  Primary amputations and a few exsections, all after
reaction had taken place, yvere performed.   They Avere lost sight of on their removal for the general hospital.   Chloroform and
ether, not mixed, Avere the anaesthetics employed.  No death yvas observed from an anaesthetic.
      The Second Corps lost, in  the battle of Fair Oaks, tyvo  hundred and seven killed, and nine hundred and four yvounded;
total, one thousand one hundred and eleven.   The  28th of June, orders  yvere received  from general headquarters  for all the
Avounded that yvere able  to yvalk to go forward on the line of march to the James  River,.by way  of the White  Oak Syvamp; for
those who could not Avalk to be abandoned to the enemy; for medical officers and attendants to be detailed to remain  with them,
and fall yvith  them into the hands of the  enemy, and for hospital supplies of every  kind to be left yvith them.  This was done
accordingly, except that every man  unable to yvalk yvho could find a place to ride went along, and very few were  left to the
enemy.   Whilst at Fair Oaks, the command, enveloped in malaria, illy supplied with  autiscorbutics, much  exposed to the 
REPORTS  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  HAMMOND.
65
yveather, and almost nightly harassed by the enemy, suffered much from intermittent fevers, diarrhoea, and scurvy.   A surgeon
of brigade reported to me that he had cured some of his cases of diarrhoea yvith raw Irish potatoes in vinegar.  The condition
of the command yvas, therefore, not  so good  at the succeeding battles on the  march to the James River.  Yet the morale yv;.s
excellent.  The supplies of medicines and hospital stores yvere such as  could be taken in the knapsacks and in the hands.
From the 2^th June until the 3d of July, yve did not see our yvagons or ambulances.  They yvere sent in advance of the column,
filled with sick and yvounded.  Litters yvere borne by the attendants yvith  the troops.  At xVllan's farm, the Second Corps yvere
engaged generally for about five hours.  The  fire yvas from small  arms and artillery.  The range, a feyv hundred yards  The
wounded yvere taken to Savage's Station.  But one yvounded man yvas  abandoned there to the enemy ; he yvas yvounded in the
head; the  brain yvas  protruding, and  be yvas insensible, though still living.   Our loss there was estimated at  about two
hundred and fifty killed and yvounded.  The  same day, our corps yvas engaged in the battle of Savage's  Station for four to five
hours.  The arms and  range yvere about the  same as at Allan's farm.  The battle continued until after  dark.  The yvounded
were taken to  the neighboring houses, which yvere converted into hospitals, and  medical officers and supplies yvere left yvith
them.  The march through the White Oak Swamp yvas made betAveen seven at night and daAvn, the next day.  The battle of
Glendale, June 30th, continued  from three in the  afternoon until some time after dark.  General Sumner's, General Heintzel-
mau's, and General  Franklin's  Corps, comprising six  divisions and  twenty-five  batteries, or one hundred and fifty pieces of
artillery, yvere all simultaneously engaged.   The yvounded yvere disposed of in the same manner as at Savage's Station.  But
tyvo brigades of the Second Corps yvere actually engaged yvith the enemy in the battle of  Malvern Hill.  The arm used on both
sides in that battle yvas chiefly the artillery.   The casualties in the Second Corps in the battles from Fair Oaks to James River,
viz., Allan's farm, Savage's Station, Glendale, and Malvern, yvere  estimated at  one hundred  and seventy-three killed, one
thousand and tyvo yvounded; total, one thousand one  hundred and  seventy-five.   This  is only an approximation  to the true
number.  It yvas yvholly impracticable to  obtain it more accurately.  It yvas estimated that three-fourths of the yvounded yvere
brought ayvay  by our column.  Every attention yvas  rendered to the yvounded by  the medical officers of the corps that it yvas
possible to give them.   I do not believe that there yvas  an instance yvhere a medical officer hesitated for an instant to make any
sacrifice of self, yvhen the circumstances required it, for the Avounded. Some of the Avounded and sick yvere sent to a general
hospital established at  Harrison's Landing,  on our  arrival  there, but nearly all of them yvere shipped on steamers down the
James River.  Notwithstanding the climate and the  weather, and the exposure, and  the yvant of vegetable  diet, and the
harassing march, the health of the command remained comparatively good until after getting into camp at Harrison's Landing,
yvhen the daily sick report rose  rapidly to about ten per cent."      *      *      *

LIV.   Report from  the Depot Hospital  of  the Fair Oaks Battle-ground.   By  Surgeon  J. F.
     Hammond, U. S.  A., Medical  Director of the Second Army Corps.

      "Sir :  I have the honor to make to you the folloyving report of the killed and Avounded in the recent battles of the 31st
of May and 1st of June.  In General Sedgyvick's division, there yvere thirty-three killed and one hundred and fifty-six yyTounded
in the 1st brigade, commanded by General Gorman ; five killed and thirty Avounded in General Burns's 2d brigade; fifteen killed
and ninety-two wounded in the 3d bi'igade,  under General Dana, and one killed and four wounded in battery I of the First
Artillery ;  a total of three  hundred and thirty-six.   In General Richardson's division, General Hoyvard's brigade lost one
hundred and  fifteen killed and three hundred  and ninety-four yvounded ; General Meagher's brigade lost four  killed and
tyveuty-nine yvounded;  General French's brigade had thirty-four killed and  one hundred and eighty-one yvounded, and the
batteries had eight yvounded ; a total of seven hundred and sixty-five.  In General Sedgyvick's division, fifty-four yvere killed
and tyvo hundred and ninety-two yvere Avounded; in General Richardson's division, one hundred and fifty-three were killed
and six hundred and tyvelve Avounded; making an aggregate of tAvo hundred and seven  killed and nine  hundred and four
wounded in the corps.   Besides these, the medical officers of the corps dressed over one hundred wounded of other corps, and
about an equal number of Confederate wounded.   Each medical officer discharged his duty in the utmost during and after the
battle.  Surgeon D. W. Hand, U. S. V., and John A. Lidell, U. S.  V., and Assistant Surgeon Mattheyv Rizer, 72d Pennsyl-
vania Volunteers, distinguished themselves.
                               Verv respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                                 J. F. HAMMOND,
                                                              Surgeon U. S. A., Medical Director Second Army Corps.
To Surgeon C. S. Tripler, U. S. A.,
           Medical Director Army of the Potomac.

LV.   Extract from a Letter to the Surgeon  General's Office in relation to the Hospital Arrange-
     ments  of the Second   Corps  in  the  Peninsular Campaign.   By Surgeon  J.  F.  Hammond,
     U. S. A., Medical Director of the Second  Army  Corps.
     *  *  *  " The sick of General Richardson's division of the Second Corps were placed in comfortable log huts at Ship
Point.  *  *  General  Sedgyvick's  Division, encamped seven miles nearer Yorktoyvn,  near Power's house,  had  its general
field hospital in regulation  hospital  tents. Another temporary general hospital was organized yvith similar tents, and the sick
of both divisions and of any corps yvere here  admitted.   This hospital yvas under the charge of Surgeon Nathan HayAvard, 20th
Massachusetts  Volunteers.   He Avas soon relieved, however, by several  medical  gentlemen from Massachusetts, sent by the
governor of that State, in anticipation of a battle before Yorktoyvn,  and  conducted to headquarters by Governor Sprague, of
Rhode Island.  General McClellan assigned these gentlemen  to the Second  Corps, and, in accordance Avith their own  wish,
theyAvere assigned by me to hospital service.   *  *  There was a brick church in the rear of Williamsburg used a few days as
a brigade field hospital for the Second Corps; but, yvhen yve moved to the front, the field hospitals were all regimental, and were
        9 
66
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--PENINSULAR  CAMPAIGN.
exclusively under canvas.  Such yvas the case, also, on the Chickahominy, until shortly before the advance of the corns to F '
Oaks.  There an effort Avas made  to  establish a general field hospital for the corps on  the largest scale that, as -i
yvere able to attempt.  Several  hospital tents were pitched in a fine grove, on an eminence, near a comfortable and  ro<
house, called  Turner's house, yvith an  ample supply of Avell yvater.   I measured the  capacity of this hospital and  f„  ' l
that there was  space for  one hundred and twenty  patients.   Before an  order was  given'by  proper  authority for't'l">
admission of a patient, and yvithout my knowledge, it  had received over five hundred.   My object then yvas to  break it
because I saw that it yvas impossible  to prevent its being a receptacle of deserters in reality, under the name of sick  and
nuisance to the corps.  I had half succeeded in this yvhen  the evacuation of Fair Oaks  took place.  The yvhole  hospital w
destroyed by fire on the  approach of the enemy, the 28th of June, the patients and inmates having all escaped to  our lines
before the  conflagration.  At Fair Oaks, the field hospitals were all regimental,  and were generally in hospital and shelter
tents.  A feyv cabins had been constructed  by some of the regiments, and tAvo or three houses vacated by the inhabitants and
nearest the line, some were under  split log sheds, supposed to be bomb-proof until  a piece of shell  pierced  one of them at the"
apertures of the logs and scattered the brains of one of its occupants.  These hospitals  yvere placed, generally, in some cool
pleasant, shaded spot, where the air had free access to them, a little remote, and yet sufficiently near their respective regiments!
The bedding of the sick  consisted  necessarily of only their blankets upon branches cut from the boughs of the trees—pine-tree
branches yvere directed to be used, and their knapsacks for pillows.  The tents were yvell trenched, and constantly thoroughly
ventilated and dried.  The mortality was exceedingly small.   Frequent inspections and minute attention to camps yvas insisted
on.  The police was good, and the shelter tents were yvell trenched, and the  ventilation  kept unimpeded ; and the tents were
directed  to be struck every third  day, their floors dried, and, if practicable,  the site changed  a little.  Notwithstanding,
scorbutus made its appearance in the 19th Massachusetts Volunteers, in General Sedgwick's division of  the Second Corps, and
the command was very generally,  indeed, almost universally, affected by  symptoms allied to that disease.  *   *  The medical
director  of General  Richardson's  division  also reports to me, verbally, that there are similar cases  in General Caldwell's
brigade.  General Dana says that he cannot comprehend why the men should  have scurvy yvith their present rations;  but I am
informed that the desiccated vegetables are so disagreeable to the taste that the men oannot eat them.  * *   On June 18th, I
yvrote to Captain Putnam, assistant quartermaster,  to send from White House  tyventy boxes of lemons, fifty pounds of cream of
tartar, and half a barrel of chloride of lime, ordered by the medical director of the army, which could be had on application to
Assistant Surgeon R. H. Alexander,  medical purveyor on the steamship James S. Green, at White House Landing.  Half
of these  supplies were turned over to Surgeon John A. Lidell, U. S. V., chief medical officer of General Sedgwick's  division,
and the other  half to the chief medical officer of  General Richardson's  division.  More antiscorbutics than those mentioned
would have been sent, had the stores at the White House afforded it.  The commissary was also immediately ordered, from the
headquarters of the army, to furnish supplies  of potatoes."
 LVL   Extracts from, a Narrative of his Services from the Outbreak of the Rebellion to June
      29th, 1863.   By Surgeon J. B. Brown, U. S. A., Medical Director of the Fourth Army Corps.
             *   "From my recollection, and from the very brief memoranda in my possession, I will furnish to the best of my
 ability the information required.   I arrived in NeAV York on the 4th of January,  1862, from six years' service in Washington
 Territory and Oregon.  The command with yvhich I was on duty having been assigned to the Army of the Potomac, I reported,
 by direction of Surgeon General Finley, to Surgeon Tripler, U. S. A., its medical  director, and was assigned to duty as senior
 surgeon of the  artillery reserve, under command of Colonel H. J. Hunt, U. S.  A., and reported to him immediately for duty at
 Camp Duncan.  The yvinter yvas spent on duty connected with this command in the vicinity of Washington, and in organizing
its medical service, procuring supplies, and perfecting  the  appointments belonging to my duty for the expected campaign.  I
cannot now give more than an approximate strength of the command.   When the  artillery reserve left Washington, on the 16th
of March, for Manassas, it consisted, I think, of seventeen  batteries selected from  the  several regular artillery regiments, and
its numerical strength was not far  from two thousand  men.  Assistant  Surgeons  J. W. S. Gouley, Joseph S. Smith, and John
P. Jaquette, U. S. A., Avere my assistants.   The morale and condition of the command were admirable, and the supplies In every
item complete and ample.   The ambulances which had been assigned to the reserve, and' which yvere promised, failed to report,
but I was informed they would be  furnished at Fairfax Court-house.  The artillery reserve received orders to halt at Anandale,
Virginia, when further efforts to  procure  the ambulances still failed.   Tavo good wagons  with excellent teams  were here
procured, to replace  the indifferent ones  before furnished for the transportation of the medical supplies and hospital property.
The  plan of the campaign having  been changed,  on the  20th of March the  artillery reserve was ordered to Alexandria. On
the 26th of March, I Avas relieved from duty with the artillery reserve, and was ordered to report to General Keyes as medical
director of the  Fourth  Army Corps.  This corps Avas composed of the divisions commanded  severally by General Couch,
General W. F. Smith, and General Silas Casey, and numbered,  approximately, forty thousand men.  I reported immediately in
person to General Keyes, in Washington, and, on  the same  day, embarked with his headquarters and the division  of General
Couch for  Fort Monroe,  at which  point yve arrived on March 28th.  The second  division  of the  Fourth  Army Corps,
commanded by General W. F. Smith, had preceded us  by a  few days.  After debarking the first division, yve joined  them,
and encamped in their vicinity on the same evening, about four miles beyond  Hampton.  The  camp occupied  by the second
division,  in great part, was Ioav and Avet, and deficient in natural facilities  for drainage.   The camp selected by the first
division yvas, in every respect, better.  My time  here, until the 3d of April, was  devoted to the organization of the medical
staff under my charge.  The condition of the regiments Avas, in general, excellent;  better in  the first division than in the
second.   Their supply of medicines, hospital  stores, ambulances, and hospital tents yvas not as ample as desirable; but every
effort Avas used to complete the necessary outfit.  *  *   After we advanced up the Peninsula, the position which the Fourth
Army Corps occupied on the left, with the James  River blockaded by the enemy, and access to the purveying depot, afterwards
established on the York River, virtually prohibited by the  condition of the roads, it became a matter of extreme difficulty to 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR BROWN.
67
supply the Avant of many essential articles Avhen they yvere  exhausted.   On the 4th of April, the first and second divisions of
the Fourth Corps advanced up the James River road.  The third division of the corps had just arrived, and remained behind, to
complete its train and supplies.  The condition of this division yvas inferior to that of the first and second.   It yvas composed,
in great part, of recruits;  and. from the inexperience of its medical and regimental officers, yvas deficient in many material medical
and hospital supplies.  Every effort yvas made to complete  its  outfit; but, from the absence of a depot from yvhich to draw the
required supplies, it Avas at last forced to folloyv the remainder of the corps, yvith its requisitions unfilled,  and almost destitute of
ambulances and hospital  tents.
      At Young's Mills,  the  pickets of the enemy yvere first encountered, and skirmished, in falling back, with the advance of
the second division.  The position at Young's Mills Avas  a very strong one.  It had been occupied by General Cumming's
Confederate brigade all yvinter.  Very neatly constructed tents, yvith glass windoAVS, Avere here  found.   The largest and best
milihited of these yvere policed and converted into hospitals, and tyvo surgeons were detailed to remain with a number of sick
and the yvounded men.  On  April  Cth, the  enemy Avere encountered in force by General  Smith's advance, about two  miles
beyond AVaryvick Court-house, and a sharp skirmish of pickets ensued.   Information yvas given  that  an attempt was  being
made to turn our left flank, and the brigades of General  Graham and General Peck yvere formed to prevent this.  General
Keyes returned  from the front, and established his headquarters at Warwick Court-house.   A house about half a mile in the
rear of General  Smith's line yvas occupied as a field  hospital in the event of a serious engagement, yvhich yvas expected.  In
these affairs, tyvo men yvere killed and sixteen yvounded.  The yvounded Avere removed on litters to the hospital near the  front,
where their yvounds yvere dressed.  They yvere generally not  severe.  On April 8th, tAvo men were Avounded by fragments of
shells; one receiving a  fracture of cranium, and  the other, of both bones of the leg,  Avhich was amputated primarily.   A
hospital yvas established  at Waiwick Court-house under  charge of  Surgeon  Wheaton, 2d  Rhode  Island Volunteers.   The
hospital at Young's Mills yvas also extended, by preparing and occupying other huts, in order to receive the uumerous cases of
enteric fever and diarrhoea.  Heavy rains had rendered the roads quite impassable, yvithout corduroying, to permit the passage
of the supply trains and artillery   On April 16th, General  Smith made an  attempt to penetrate the  enemy's line of works at
Lee's Mills, but yvas repulsed with a loss of sixty killed  and one hundred and sixty-four wounded.   The  surgeons were
occupied  all night in attending to the wounded of this  affair, yvhich occurred just before  sunset.  The wounds yvere almost
entirely from musketry at short  range, and  chiefly from conoidal balls.  I  directed tyvo amputations of the thigh for severe
knee-joint yvounds.   These amputations yvere done on the morning after the fight, at the  hospital established in the camp of the
Vermont regiments, and yvere yvell borne, under chloroform.  Several minor amputations and excisions were made by Surgeons
Janes and Chandler, of Vermont  regiments, yvhich chiefly  suffered in  this assault.   The Avounded  were rapidly  made
comfortable, and those Avho  could  bear transportation Avere  sent off that day and the next by  ambulances to  Cheesman's
Landing, on York River, for transportation to Fort Monroe.  The rough corduroy roads  prevented  the transportation of many;
and the Fourth Army Corps yvas thus continually burdened by the unavoidable accumulation of sick and yvounded, a source of
embarrassment not experienced  by the divisions  of the army nearer the transports on the York River.   The  same  cause
obstructing communication with the purveying depot, then  established at Cheesman's Landing, our supply of stimulants  could
not be promptly replenished, and the rapidly increasing numbers of remittent, intermittent, and  typhoid fever cases  could  not
be satisfactorily  treated yvith the limited provision on hand.   The requisitions for quinine, to procure which special messengers
were sent on horseback, could be only very inadequately filled.  I am satisfied that, could a liberal issue of quinine or quinia in
whiskey have been possible for prophylactic  purposes and  treatment, one half of the sickness which prevailed, chiefly in  the
Becond and third divisions, could  have been  prevented.   The causes yvhich produced this  undue proportion of sickness in
these divisions may be easily found.
      The division of General W. F. Smith yvas always  in the front, constantly upon  the alert, doing  fatiguing picket  duty,
encamped in the midst of a swamp, harassed by night and  by  day, performing unceasing labors  to keep the roads  in condition
to permit the  passage of the necessary  supply  trains for their subsistence.   I learned that this division had  not had  the
advantage, during tbe previous winter,  of the admirable sanitary regulations which yvere enforced in the organization of the
first division.  The division of General S. Casey was composed in great part of men in the field for the first time; many of their
officers too inexperienced to appreciate the importance of sanitary precautions, or to instruct their men in preparing or cooking
their rations, or  how to take advantage of the few facilities  for obviating the many discomforts of  their camps.  The men  fell
sick by scores.   The hospital at Young's Mills, at Warwick Court-house, and the field hospital in charge of Surgeon Augustus
Campbell, 77th Neyv York Volunteers, contained overBix hundred patients, and the division and regimental hospitals more than
that number; so that when, on the  morning of May 4th, the Fourth Army Corps moved on Williamsburg, over one thousand
four hundred  sick  were  unable to march, and were left, Avith  surgeons to attend  to their removal, under charge of Surgeon
F. L. Wheaton, 2d Rhode Island Volunteers, to the hospitals established by Medical Director Tripler,  at  Yorktown.
      On the morning of May 4th, it was discovered that the  enemy had  evacuated their Avorks in our front. General Smith
immediately occupied those in his front  Avithout  resistance.  *  *  The works at Lee's  Mills, the scene of General Smith's
affair of the 16th of April, yvere found to be of immense strength, and the certainty that any persistent attempt to pierce  the
lines of the enemy at that point would have  been followed by an immense loss of life, was apparent to all yvho witnessed  the
consummate skill Avith which  the defences had been planned, and the vast labor which  had been expended to take advantage
of the formidable natural obstacles Avhich the position afforded.   The enemy here, as at Yorktoyvn, had planted torpedoes in the
Avorks, and along the road leading to Williamsburg,  designing that they should explode by the pressure of the  feet of  those
passing over them.   A casualty occurred here in General Casey's division from the explosion of one of these, and one man was
killed and five yvounded.  The yvagon track and side paths, for a mile, were studded yvith these buried shells; but they were
guarded, as soon as discovered, by men detailed to remain  near them, to point them out to the passing troops.  I passed near
several of them, and observed the ingenuity yvith Avhich they yvere concealed.
      The battle of Williamsburg has been  variously described by yvitnesses, whose observations Avere made from different
points of vieAv;  hut  I am satisfied, from my personal knowledge of the facts, that had Fort Magruder been turned, as was 
 68                        APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.

 strongly urged by some of the  generals, and had  the advance of General Hancock  in that direction been strongly support,,,!
 the  position yvould have been taken early in the day, yvith comparatively small losses on our part.  As soon as it yvas evident
 that the rear-guard of the enemy intended to dispute our advance, I took possession of the extensive bams and tobacco houses
 yvhich yvere in the vicinity of our position, and about three-fourths of a mile from the front, and had them policed and prepaied
 for the  reception of the Avounded.   Assisted by Assistant  Surgeon W. C. Spencer, U. S. A.,  I had ample time, before any
 yvounded Avere  brought in, to make very complete preparations.  Temporary cots  yvere made from the boards of the fences
 surrounding the barn-yards, and stacks of strayv afforded abundance of material to make very comfortable beds for tyvo hundred
 who might be seriously yvounded.  Medical officers, steyvards, and cooks, yvith dressings and all necessary supplies and utensil*
 yvere detailed and in readiness.  The action yvas obstinate all  day, and our hospitals  yvere filled to overfloyving, yvhen ui"ht nut
 an end to the contest.   The wounded yvere brought from the field on litters.  The rain poured ceaselessly all dav, and as the
 enemy temporarily gained some  advantage, the shells began to pass over and in front of the larger hospital; but the enemy yvere
 driven  back, and feyv of the busy surgeons kneyv, or  perhaps cared, that the hospital had been under fire.  The yvounded of
 General Keyes's Fourth Army  Corps, under my immediate supervision, Avere all dressed and rendered as comfortable as the
 nature of their wounds would uIIoav, by ten o'clock at night.   They all had soup, and were faithfully nursed through  the ni'dit.'
 A detail of surgeons and litter bearers, Avith  lanterns, yvas  sent out to search the  field, and a  number were discovered and
 brought in.   From the absence of my reports, I cannot noyv state the exact number of those whose wounds were dressed under
 my supervision ;  but the entire number, whose yvounds Avere of so serious a character as to  require ambulance transportation the
 next and following day, yvas over three hundred and fifty.  The ambulances removed them to  Queen's Landing, on York River,
 a distance of three and a half miles,  to the hospital transports, by which they yvere carried to northern hospitals.  Not having
 retained copies of my reports in my  possession, I cannot state  the number of the  operations performed, but can only recollect
 those Avith yvhich I yvas personally interested.   Among these yvere two excisions of the head of the humerus and an amputation
 of both legs, in the same subject, rendered necessary by terrible  lacerations of bones and  soft parts from  shell yvounds.  The
 first amputation yvas done in a feyv hours after the receipt of the injury, by the circular method, at the junction of the middle and
 lower third of the leg.  The second amputation yvas done about eight hours after the first, by a modification of Teale's method,
 and nearly through the middle of the leg.  Both  operations yvere done under the influence of chloroform, and with the  most
 satisfactory effect from its use.  The yvounds were  chiefly from musketry in this  engagement;  but  there yvere quite a number
 of frightful mutilations from fragments of shells.  On the second day, from the terrible state of the roads, Avhich prevented the
 approach of the supply trains, I anticipated some difficulty in feeding the Avounded Avho remained in the hospitals; but, by halting
 a passing yvagon Avhich contained  rations, I took almost forcible possession of a sufficient supply.   Leaving Brigade Surgeon
 D. Prince, U. S. V., to complete the removal of the Avounded yvho remained, I joined General Keyes at Williamsburg, yvhere
 the army was halted for two  days, to enable  the trains of provisions and ammunition to  come up.  Williamsburg yvas found
 filled yvith the Confederate wounded.  Not only the churches and public buildings were occupied by them, but numbers were
 found in private houses suffering for want of attention, and yvere cared for by our medical officers.   On the morning of May 9th,
 the army was again in motion.  A large number of sick belonging to the Fourth Army Corps, chiefly to the third division, had
 to be left at Williamsburg in hospitals established  by Medical Director  Tripler.  On the 14th, I established a hospital  in New
 Kent Court-house for the sick of  the  corps.  One  hundred  and fifty sick were also sent  from this  place for transportation to
 northern cities.  These yvere all  protracted cases of fevers and diarrhoea.  The malaria of the marshy camps about Warwick
 Court-house, yvith yvhich the men yvere saturated as it were, and the other causes yvhich  have been above enumerated, were
 producing their fruits, and  continued to do so after the corps had crossed the Chickahominy, where the camps yvere compara-
 tively dry and  salubrious.   General  Peck's brigade, and a portion of General Naglee's, in a reconnaissance in force,  drove the
 pickets of the enemy across the Chickahominy, which yvas crossed, on the 21st, by the 7th Massachusetts Volunteers, at the rail-
 road bridge.   On the 23d of May, the Fourth Army Corps crossed at Bottom's Bridge, being the first army corps to cross the
 Chickahominy.   On the 25th, General Keyes's headquarters yvere established at Savage's Station.  On the 26th,  the division
 of General Casey moved in the advance to Seven  Pines.  A  statement  of the condition of this division was made by me, on
 this day, to Assistant Inspector General N. H.  Davis, for the information of  Major General McClellan, yvith an account of the
 causes yvhich had conspired to produce so great a reduction of its numbers from sickness  and straggling. *  *  On the 28th
 of May, I received an order of General McClellan transferring me, as medical director, to the army corps of General  Franklin.
 I reported for duty to General  Franklin on  May 30th.  During that  night, a terrific thunder storm, yvith  a deluging rain,
occurred. The Confederates took advantage of the SAVollen  state of the Chickahominy, resulting from this storm, to make an
attack upon the Fourth Army  Corps, expecting to defeat it before it could be  reinforced from the other bank of the stream, noyv
converted into an impassable torrent.  Before the bridges  Avere  entirely impracticable, General Sumner, with  difficulty,
succeeded in crossing yvith his corps, and soon the enemy Avere forced back.  This Avas the battle of Fair Oaks, or Seven Fines.
The  division  of General Casey,  greatly reduced in  numbers, received the terrible and desperate onslaught of the enemy, but
fought gallantly till reinforced.
      Heavy rains  continued  at intervals until the 5th of June, when  the division  of General Smith was thrown across the
Chickahominy.  Four hundred and fifty sick, belonging to his division, yvere unable to accompany the march, and yvere sent to
the Liberty Hall field hospital, which I had established on the plantation said to have been the birth-place of Patrick Henry,
about one and a half mile from general army headquarters.  This number of  sick yvas soon increased to six hundred,  who yvere
accommodated in tbe old mansion, the barns, yvhich had been policed and rendered comfortable hospitals, and in hospital tents
erected in the pleasant and shaded lawn surrounding the house.  The cases yvere mainly typhoid fevers, diarrhoea, and dysentery.
Field hospitals yvere also  established for the reception  of the sick of General Slocum's  division, also  belonging to  General
Franklin's Corps, under the superintendence of Surgeon George Burr, U.  S. V.  On June 18th,  1 crossed the Chickahominy with
the headquarters of General Franklin and the division of General .Slocum, yvhich took its position near that of General Smith,
on the right of our line, on the right bank of the Chickahominy.
      The yvhole of the succeeding  yveek  was devoted to the  ordinary  routine of my duties, but  chiefly to the preparation of 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR BROWN.                              69
  hospitals for the reception of Avounded, yvhich the relative position of the two armies assured us might be required at any hour.
  Doctor Trent's house, yvhich had been used as an hospital for the sick of General Smith's division, yvas selected for this purpose.
  The sick were transported by ambulances and railroad to the White  House hospitals.  The buildings yvere thoroughly policed
  and ventilated by additional yvindoyvs, temporary beds yvere prepared, suppheB yvere accumulated, and the whole put in  charge
  of Assistant Surgeon Childs, 5th Vermont.  Accommodations yvere thus completed for the reception of six hundred, yvho might
  be severely yvounded, in the house and the extensive barns and negro quarters.  As many hospital tents  as could be procured
  were also pitched.  Important assistance yvas rendered in this work by Surgeon T. R. Spencer, U. S. V.   The  removal of the
  sick yvas objected to by the division commander; but, yvith the approval of Medical Director Tripler and the sanction of General
  Franklin, the measure was accomplished, and the hospitals yvere prepared.  The propriety of this action yvas  soon apparent,
  and I am confident that great suffering was by this means prevented.
        On June 27th, General F. J. Porter had his desperate fight at Gaines's Mill, in yvhich the losses on both sides yvere very
  great.  The Avounded yvere brought over throughout the night; and our temporary hospitals yvere soon filled'to  overfloyving.
  The position of General Smith had been fired upon by artillery all day, at intervals, yvhile the other battle yvas progressing.  I
  was occupied the  entire night in superintending  the  dressings, operations, and other matters pertaining to the  comfort  of the
  yvounded, and in fonvarding the ambulances,  as they crossed, to Savage's Station,  yvhere extensive hospitals had been prepared
  bv Medical I'hector Tripler.   Pefoie daybienk, all the Avounded received into the hospitals prepared in the vicinity of the Trent
  House yvere dressed, and rendered as  ccmfortable as  possible under the circumstances.   As soon as it Avas light, I rode over to
  Savage's Station, to communicate Avith Mtdical Director Tripler, and to request that the ambulances might be directed to  report
  to me for the purpose ot rt moving the Avounded further to the rear, as the  enemy occupied the opposite bank of the Chick-
  ahominy, and the  hospitals at Doctor Trent's  house Avere immediately under the fire of their batteries.   The ambulances Avere
  promptly sent, and, by four o'clock P.  M., the yvounded yvere collected at Savage's Station.   I remained till dark, removing the
  hospital property that yvas valuable, and then went to the headquarters of General Franklin, at the front, and noyv the extreme
  right of our line.  At tyvo o'clock in the morning, orders were given to abandon  the position, and to fall back silently upon
  Savage's Station.  The movement of the aimy towards James River had already commenced.  We arrived at Savage's Station
  about daybreak.   By eight o'clock, the entire  train yvas in motion for White Oak Syvamp, yvhich  the advance corps had already
  crossed upon bridges, prepared some days  before in anticipation of this movement.   The trains, yvhich had been steadily passing
  for many hours already, Avere eight hours in passing the point at Avhich I aa as stationed, on the elevated plain opposite  Savage's
  Station.  Just before sunset, a portion of General Sumner's coips, and General Smith's division of General Franklin's corps,
  were formed to repel an advance of the enemy.   This was the battle of Savage's Station.   Surgeon J. F. Hammond, U.  S. A.,
  the medical director of General Sumner's corps, and I worked  in concert, preparing hospitals in the  rear of  this engagement.
  The enemy yvere decisively repulsed.   Our hastily prepared hospitals soon rapidly received the wounded, carried in litters from
  the field, and the surgeons detailed yvere busily engagtd at their duties, again operating and dressing yvounds by the uncertain
  light of candles and lanterns.   Instructions were  received by Surgeon Hammond and myself to leave  surgeons to attend  to the
  wounded, Avith ample  supplies, and to join the  column when it fell back.  About ten o'clock, the head of the  column of the
  rear guard of the army, consisting of Gei.eral Richardson's elivision of  General Sumner's corps  and General Smith's division
  of General Franklin's corps, appeared, passing our hospitals.   A night march yvas made yvith regularity and rapidity;  and yve
  crossed the White  Oak Swamp bridges before  daybreak, and bivouacked on the opposite side of the syvamp, upon the  elevated
  ground commanding the bridge head.  It yvas raining yvhen the divisions reached  their position, and  the  rain continued until
  dawn.  General  Smith's division Avas left to destroy the bridges, and to cover the rear.  About noon, the enemy placed batteries
  on the opposite bank, and opened upon the position of General Smith, preparatory to attempting a crossing.  This AA-as the most
  critical day of the passage to James River.  The  wagon train yvas in motion rapidly and steadily; but was extended along  our
  whole line, which yvas threatened from the front, from the Charles City road,  and from various points at yvhich the  enemy were
  attempting to cross the swamp.  The artillery fire at the bridge Avas the  most terrible we  had yet  experienced, and many
  frightful shell yvounds were  received.  The men yvere made to lie down in  gullies, in order to shelter them.   The fight at the
  bridge continued till dark.   Hospitals were prepared in houses in  the rear, Avhere the Avounded were carried, and received
  every possible attention.  The shelling of the bridge, yvhere the  enemy yvere still endeavoring to effect a crossing, yvas continued
  after dark, for this point must he held by us until the  trains were far in advance.  Rumors  reached us that our retreat on  the
 main body was cut off. But sometime after midnight  the columns came silently moving by  the hospitals.   The yvounded had
 been dressed, and medical attendants detailed  to remain yvith  them, and Ave joined the silent column.   It was intensely dark,
 and a man was scarcely visible to his neighbor; but, Avithout confusion, the mass moved on, the silence scarcely broken, except
 by  the echo of a single gun, which had been left at the bridge to  induce the enemy to believe that we Avere still holding that
 position.   All night Ave marched through narroAV roads, sometimes slightly revealed by the starlight, as the clouds lifted, or the
 continuous heavy forest on either side receded,  hearing the sound of that single cannon, at intervals, till it ceased, having  done
 its  yvork, and limbered up and overtook the  column.  As dawn appeared, yve Avere  met by aids of General  McClellan, who
 indicated the position for the bivouac of the men;  and  Avhen the daylight broke, yve saw the camps of the army and the James
 River. But this cheering sight brought no rest.  The  lines of battle were formed all day.  This yvas the day of Malvern  Hill,
 Avhen the pursuing enemy met their repulse.  The corps of General Franklin was not closely engaged in this most bloody  fight
 of the seven days;  but yvas continually  under arms, day and night; for General  Franklin Avas again to cover .the rear.   It yvas
 daylight yvhen yve again commenced our march.  This march yvas a  most trying one to the men, for the rain  poured heavily,
 and the quicksand roads were almost impassable, rendering a pursuit by the enemy impracticable, even if  they had been able
 to pursue, after their frightful losses at Mai vera. Hill.   On July 2d, at about  nine  o'clock, yve arrived  at Harrison's Landing.
 On  July 3d, the army yvas again in motion, to occupy, and, yvith the aid of the gunboats, to render impregnable the  crest
 extending across Harrison's Point.  On July 4th, the lines yvere  complete, and the enemy, after one or two ineffectual attempts
to annoy us, ceased from their efforts."       *       *       * 
70
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
LVII.   Extract from a Narrative of his  Services in  the Volunteer Medical Staff.   By Surgeon
      Charles  O'Leary, U.  S. Volunteers.

      *   *   *   "On July  27th, 1862, I yvas  assigned to the charge of an  hospital transport,  then  conveying sick from
Harrison's Landing.  I Avas subsequently assigned as medical  director of General  D. N. Couch's independent brigade,  in
Maryland, and joined that command on September 5th.   In October, this brigade Avas attached to the Sixth Army Corps. On
December 4th, I was appointed medical director of that corps.  General Couch's brigade of infantry consisted of the 2d Rhode
Island Volunteers, numbering seven hundred and eighty, rank and file; 7th Massachusetts Volunteers, nine hundred and sixty
strong;  10th Massachusetts Volunteers, recruited to the maximum of one thousand and  thirty-six;  and the 36th New York
Volunteers,  numbering seven  hundred.   The sanitary condition  of this brigade, while  encamped at  Brightyvood,  near Wash-
ington, had  been reported as the best in the Army of the Potomac, according to the medical  director's returns, and the camp
regulations were pronounced by Surgeon Charles McCormick, U. S. A., the best that came under  his notice in his inspections
in the yvinter of 1861.  This high morale was preserved by these  troops during the  peninsular campaign.  The  brigade yvas
engaged at the battles of Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Golding's Farm, Malvern Hill,  and in many  skirmishes.
      The brigade yvent into action at Williamsburg on May 5th, 1862, about ten o'clock ; part being sent to support General
Hooker on the left, and part to General Hancock on the right.  None of the regiments yvere hotly engaged on  either \vin«'
and the loss was trifling.   The yvounded were cared for in an hospital established by Surgeon J. B. Broyvn, U. S. A., medical
director of the Fourth Corps.  During the three days yve halted after the battle, the medical officers of  the Sixth Corps took
charge of the wounded of the  enemy, left near Fort Magruder, and of about one hundred and sixty of the yvounded of General
Hooker's Division.   Our supplies were ample.   The operations performed were  all accompanied yvith the administration  of
chloroform,  Avithout any unpleasant results.  Amputations  at the upper third of the thigh proved fatal Avithin a short time  in
all cases.  The results of this  operation were such as to dissuade us from resorting to it in subsequent battles, except yvhen a
limb was in  such a condition as to make its removal a relief to the patient.  The yvounded of  our army yvere removed on May
9th to the nearest landing on the York  River.   The wounded of the  enemy were left in  the hands of Confederate surgeons,
with a medical officer of the Union  army to supervise their removal.
      On May 31st, 1862, the battle of Seven Pines, the bloodiest I have witnessed during the yvar, was fought.  The fury  of
the conflict  fell most heavily upon  the division of General  Couch.  Our supplies were in good condition, and abundant; our
regimental hospitals were established, and in good order.   The battle was so close to our camp that we had the wounded  at
first transferred to these hospitals.   Very early in the fight, however, it became necessary to shift our position further to the
rear, and  three times during the fight we had to retreat. Our hospital tents and supplies yvere  safely removed without much
difficulty  A want of ambulances  greatly embarrassed us in transferring the Avounded. By great efforts, we had all the
yvounded  that we rescued from the battlefield safely sheltered at night, in the hospitals established  at  Savage's Station, two
miles in our rear, by Surgeon F.  H. Hamilton, U. S. V.   Many  circumstances interfered yvith the proper treatment of the
yvounded during the action and subsequent to it, such  as the Avant of organization in the medical department.  Though the
brigade and even corps organizations existed, the regiment was still regarded as the unit, and regimental medical  officers were
half the  time busied in  looking for their own  yvounded, to the neglect of those of other regiments.   There was a lack  of
ambulances  to bring the Avounded to one point.   The great number of yvounded scattered in rear of the battlefield precluded
concert of action to provide for their wants.   The utterly demoralized condition of General Casey's troops, yvho straggled from
tbe field and crowded around every place wearing the appearance of a hospital, was another difficulty.   Better organization  of
the medical  corps would have, as it has since, prevented most of these evils.   The  tyvo regiments most  hotly engaged, the
10th Massachusetts and the 36th New York,  lost heavily in this engagement.  The wounds Avere generally of a slight character,
being chiefly of round  ball  and buckshot.   Of two hundred and ninety wounded, only two  required amputation; one of the
arm, one of the  leg.   Chloroform yvas administered in both cases. Fractures, where  no great destruction of bone or tissue
occurred, were dressed in splints.   During the  tyvo days subsequent to the action, many medical men from civil life flocked to
the ground,  and, oyving to the absence of any hospital organization in  the corps, went to  work as  they  thought proper.  The
abuse of the authority they had obtained was more apparent here than in any battle I have seen.  Amputations were performed
recklessly, by irresponsible persons, without any thought bestowed as to the subsequent treatment of the patient.  It Avas chance
or accident, frequently, that the wounded man Avhose limb had been amputated obtained either an opiate or stimulant.  Some,
exhausted by lying on the field Avounded from twelve to thirty-six hours,  died  on the table; some  Avithin a few hours after the
operation.  I Avas placed in charge by Surgeon F. H. Hamilton, but  received no authority from him  to stop a course that seemed
to him and to me reckless and unjustifiable.  His impression was that these men Avere there by order of the War Department.
      The last of the wounded of the Fourth Corps, amounting to about eleven hundred, were removed to White House four
days after the battle.   Any view of the surgical history of the  battle I can hardly  give, further  than that  our  organization
here seemed most defective, and had  care of the yvounded necessarily resulted therefrom.  The wounds were principally  by
smooth musket balls at short range.   Subsequent to this action, sickness increased heavily among us; many men yvere sent to the
rear, and the command was thereby greatly reduced in numbers.  A laxity in discipline, also, in tyvo regiments, the 36th ^ew
York and 10th Massachusetts,  arising from the loss of their best officers, had the worst effect on the  health and morale of the
men; an effect yvhich was not, however, of long duration.
      The battle of Golding's Farm, on June 25th, is scarcely mentioned as more than a heavy skirmish in front of General
Hooker's lines, near Seven Pines.   That part of it in yvhich  our  brigade, now commanded by General  Devens, was engaged,
was altogether an artillery fight.  We lost seventy-four men in killed and wounded, out of a force of tyvo thousand two hundred
and sixty.  The yvounds yvere  chiefly from shells and  round shot.   Our position being on the road that penetrated the woods
towards the enemy's front, and being very yvell knoyvn to him, exposed us very much to his  fire.  The  yvounds were in great
proportion of a very serious character, and amputations yvere in  greater proportion to the number of cases than in any other
engagement  I have seen.   Anaesthetics, composed of a mixture of chloroform and ether, yvere invariably administered, and no 
REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS o'LEARY  AND JUDSON.
71
bad result  folloyved.   The yvounded were transferred from the field hospital to Savage's Station, Avhence they Avere removed to
White House on the day folloyving.  All seemed to be doing  favorably yvhen removed  from us.  A curious fact was observed
here in regard to one regiment, the 10th Massachusetts.  A number of men came in from the action with wounds of the hand or
mutilated fingers, the number in all amounting to fourteen.  The discontent and the murmuring of the  regiment for some time
previous, coupled yvith the nature of the  firing, it being principally artillery, led us to suspect that the wounds were  produced
by the men themselves.   The fighting, moreover, lasted for some time after dark.  Supplies  in no instance failed  us, as was
witnessed by Surgeon  C. S. Tripler, U. S. A., medical director, yvho visited us on the field.
     Being on the left, the brigade Avas in the advance in  the  change of base to James River, and reached Haxall's on the
morning of June 30th.  The troops halted here until four in the afternoon, Avhen two regiments of the brigade yvere ordered out
to Turkey  Bridge, where the enemy was  supposed to be approaching, and  two were ordered up to support General Sumner, who
was then fighting the battle of Nelson's Farm.   The action avus over when we reached the ground,  the  enemy having fallen
back.  We were then  ordered in front of General Sumner's line, to cover his retreat, which commenced at midnight.  At two
o'clock A. M., July 1st, Ave were ordered to follow in the line of retreat.  We reached  Malvern Hill at four o'clock A. m., and
were put in line of battle at half-past five.  The enemy first appeared at nine o'clock.   A house one-quarter of a mile in rear
of the batteries of General Couch's line  yvas selected as a hospital.  Firing  commenced on both  sides about ten o'clock with
artillery.   The house selected for a hospital proved to be very much exposed, and had to be given up.  We had to fall back to a
house selected by Surgeon J. J. Milhau,  U. S. A., medical director of the Third Corps,  Avhich Avas tAvo  miles further from the
field; a distance too great,  but unavoidable in this instance, as no fit and  secure place could be secured nearer.  The assistant
surgeons of regiments posted themselves  close to the field, and rendered very good  service, both in furnishing the yvounded with
necessary stimulants,  and  immediate  dressing, as  they were on the yvay back from the field. The combat yvas confined to
artillery, and the wounded Avere consequently few, until four in the afternoon, yvhen the engagement of the  day commenced, and
proved  most sanguinary for tyvo hours, Avith musketry fire.  The Avounds from shells were all of a most serious  character;
those of the musket firing, of the  usual nature.  The former, in  great  proportion, demanded amputation; the  latter, rarely.
In the hospital, supplies of stimulants, beef tea, anodynes,  and dressings  were abundant   The scarcity of ambulances,  the
command I belonged to having none, enabled me to move to the rear but few of the yvounded.  Ambulances not being furnished
to the brigade,  yve had to apply  to the  medical director of the corps for one yvhen  required,  and at this time there was no
opportunity of reaching  corps  headquarters, yvhich yvas seven miles back.  The  wounded yvere consequently put in the best
condition possible, and a medical officer from  each separate command was  selected to remain with them.  The retreat was
ordered at  one o'clock a. m., on the morning of the 2d. All the supplies  Ave could spare  were left behind, in charge of the
surgeons Avho remained yvith the  wounded.  The  report given afterwards,  both  by the medical officers and the recovered
wounded yvho rejoined their regiments,  declares that they  Avere not subjected to any great  hardship or privation Avhilst in
hospital."      *
 LVIII.  Extract from  a Narrative of his Services in the Volunteer Medical Staff.   By Surgeon
      0. A. Judson, U. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "In October,  1861, I yvas commissioned as brigade surgeon of volunteers, and assigned to the  1st brigade,
 General J. Hooker's division, at that time, and for six months subsequently,  encamped  near  Budd's Ferry, on the  loyver
 Potomac, opposite the Confederate batteries yvhich blockaded the river.  In  March, 1862, General Hooker's division rejoined
 the main body of the Army of  the Potomac, in front of Yrorktown, leaving the sick in the log barracks at Budd's Ferry vacated
 by the troops.  Early in April, a successful assault was made on a redoubt in front of our right by  three hundred men,
 commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Wells.  I witnessed the attack of the storming party, and attended most of the wounded on
 the field.  Four men were killed and twenty wounded.   The  balls  extracted were the pattern used in  the Enfield musket.
 Later in the month of April, General H. M. Naglee having  applied to have me transferred yvith himself to the first brigade of
 General Casey's division, I was assigned to that command.   I  may say in relation to the morale and general condition of the
 troops with whom I had the honor to serve my first six months in the field, that they could not be surpassed.  This was  the
 brigade that General Hooker originally commanded, and was composed of choice troops, all of yvhom had been carefully
 recruited, and all the regiments had seen a year's service.  General Casey's  division, at the time of my assignment there, yvas
 composed of the newest troops in the field, and had begun to suffer severely from the  malarious influence  of the peninsular
 swamps.   Consequently, yvhen Yorktown was evacuated, a large number of the sick were left behind, and the number increased
 as they continued their march.  Encamped in front of Lee's  Mills, on the  Sunday on yvhich YorktoAvn Avas evacuated, they
 were early to enter the abandoned works, and, in so doing, two men were killed by the explosion of torpedoes yvhich had been
 placed in the road by the enemy.  *  *  Our command did not suffer seriously in the engagement at Williamsburg, on May
 5th, 1862, and was encamped for several days subsequently near Fort Magruder.  I devoted myself exclusively to the wounded
 enemy, of whom large numbers fell into our hands.   They yvere brought from the field on stretchers, and  most of them were
 placed in the large tobacco barn of the mayor of Williamsburg, Mr. Saunders.  The provisions for treating this large number
 of prisoners yvere very limited.   Corn  husks were strewn plentifully on the floor, in lieu of mattresses, and the men were laid
 upon them as they yvere brought in.   Fires were built, and cooked rations yvere  dealt to them, after some delay; but for a day
 there  yvas a good deal of suffering for want  of food.   Stimulants were supplied in  sufficient  quantity, and  there was  a
 reasonable number  of  surgical assistants.  Within forty-eight hours after the  action, a large  portion of the patients were
 transported by ambulance trains to the York River, where steamers were in readiness to convey them northward.   There yvere,
perhaps, seven hundred or eight hundred of these prisoners, and I had the opportunity of yvitnessing and assisting in most of
the major  surgical operations.   My opinion was  expressed in favor of amputation rather than excisions, for the following
reasons: 1st. As prisoners of yvar, to be confined, possibly, in close quarters, their chance of life would be diminished by tedious 
72                        APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.

and exhausting suppuration.   2d. They Avere men of dusky and leaden complexion, apparently long inured to the ravages of
malaria, and unfit to bear protracted suppuration.  3d.  The means of transportation during the period of operative procedure
yvere entirely unknown, and  there Avas a dearth of surgical apparatus in yvhich to  enclose yvounded limbs.  Moreover  the
surgical corps yvas so small, in proportion to the amount of yvork to be done, that there was not the requisite time to perform
such sloyv operations and make such tedious dressings.  4th. The splintering of the bones yvas so extensive from our minie ball
that  resections yvere generally impracticable.   These considerations yvere entirely apart  from the question of the relative
advantages of resection and amputation, other things being equal.  General Casey's  division suffered severely from  sickness
during the march up the Peninsula.  Day by day, the sick list increased, and the removal of men to the  rear became a serious
problem.  The number of  ambulances at my disposal yvas entirely inadequate to  the accumulating  numbers of sick men, and I
was repeatedly obliged to  use wagon trains for this purpose, after placing a large amount of hay in  each wagon.  The sick
very generally preferred this rude conveyance to the unpleasant motion and risks of the one-horse  ambulance."  *  *  *
LIX.  Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Volunteer Medical Staff.    By Surgeon
      Edwin  Bentley, U. S. Volunteers.

      *   *   *  " On the 1st of October, 1861, I yvas assigned to duty with the brigade in  General  F. J. Porter's division,
commanded by General Butterfield.  It yvas composed of four regiments of New York,  Pennsylvania, and Michigan volunteers,
and numbered thirty-eight hundred men.  It was stationed at Hall's  Hill, in Virginia, till March 10th, 1862, when it moved to
Fairfax Court-house and Manassas, and then returned to Alexandria and embarked for Fort Monroe, arriving there on the 23d
of March.   On the following day, it encamped near Hampton, Virginia.   The first march of this brigade was a reconnaissance
to Great Bethel.  The men were in fine spirits.  *   *   The enemy hastily retreated, leaving their camp-fires burning, and there
was but a slight skirmish, yvithout casualties.  On April 5th, the command  arrived  in front of Yorktown, and  an artillery
combat  immediately ensued.  Tyvo men yvere  killed  and several wounded.  During the siege, the brigade  lost nearly five
hundred men by sickness.  *   *  Y'orktown yvas evacuated on May 3d, 1832.  After  having  relieved  the brigade of sick and
yvounded, yvho yvere unable to march, to the number of tyvo hundred and thirteen men, it embarked with the division for West
Point, yvhere it remained for a few days.  The  division hospital yvas  broken up, and its sick and Avounded were put on board
transports lying in York River.  From West Point, the command marched to Tunstall's Station, Cold Harbor, and Gaines's
Mill, Avhere  it encamped  on  the 26th, and, on the folloyving morning, May 27th, marched to  Hanover Court-house, and here
fought in General Porter's only successful battle during the peninsular campaign.
      The strength of the third brigade yvas now nearly four thousand men, another regiment,  the 12th Neyv York  Volunteers,
having joined it near Hampton.   In this engagement, the 44th New York Volunteers suffered more severely than any other
regiment of the brigade,  having nineteen killed and seventy yvounded, all of yvhom Avere very well cared for on the field, and
conveyed, on tbe second day, to hospitals near Gaines's  Mill, and  afteryvards furloughed, or sent to general  hospitals, by
transports from White House.  The supplies of yvater, food, and soup were abundant; the wounded were not  exposed to cold
or rain, and the supplies  of medicines and hospital stores yvere in good condition.   The yvounded yvere removed from tbe field
in ambulances.  Primary operations were performed on the field and at the hospitals.  The only anaesthetic used yvas chloroform,
yvith no unpleasant effects, except in one case, that of a rebel soldier, a very robust, large, muscular North Carolinian.  While
preparing this man for amputation of the thigh, a large  amount of chloroform  had been administered without the patient's
becoming at all unconscious, yvhen the surgeon of the 16th Michigan Volunteers, who yvas the operator, forced him  to large and
free inspirations, and he  came  immediately under its influence.  The operation yvas performed in  the open air, and very little
blood yvas lost; but the  pulse  sank rapidly.   All efforts at recuscitation were  unavailing, and he ceased  to breathe  almost
simultaneously with the effect of the anaesthetic.  *   *    On the 26th of June, the battle of Mechanicsville commenced, and,
during the night,  wounded were received at General Porter's  division  hospital, yvhich consisted of a dwelling-house,  two
temporary barracks, and several hospital tents, of wliich  I was in charge.   On the  morning of the 27th, this hospital Avas
broken up, and as soon as the sick and wounded could be  removed, the buildings, tents, many hospital stores, and much other
property were burned by Lieutenant Bacheldor,  General Porter's aide, to prevent their falling into the hands of the rebels.  *
On the afternoon of this day, the battle of Gaines's Mill yvas fought, which ended in the retreat of the right wing of the Army
of the Potomac across the Chickahominy.  The physical condition of this command, at this time,  was most excellent; but the
morale Avas impaired by the unfortunate  diffusion of information throughout the line that it was intended only to make a brief
stand, and then to retreat.  They were  continually expecting this order, and grew impatient at its delay, instead of expecting
and  purposing to advance or stand yvith a determined  and irrevocable will.   The strength of this brigade, at this  engagement,
was a little over four thousand men.
      The supplies of medicines, hospital stores, and tents, which yvere in  good  condition  and abundant, had either been
destroyed or transported  across the Chickahominy.  The  ambulances were engaged in removing wounded as fast as possible
to Savage's Station, and other convenient or accessible depots in the rear.  The wounded yvere taken to hospitals  provided on
the field, and were accommodated in and around a half dozen dwellings, embracing the  principal buildings  in  the vicinity.
The supply of yvater yvas abundant and good,  from springs and running streams.  The yvounded that yvere unable to walk
yveie removed thither on litters.
      The fire commenced soon after twelve, noon, and continued, yvith scarce an interruption, until dark, when  the rebels
syvept over the field, em bracing within their lines our hospital depots and a field streyvn with wounded.  The yvounded remained
at these depots for nearly three yveeks,  many of them  yvithout shelter or protection  from cold or rain.  They were attended by
Union surgeons who had been captured, but nominally Avere in charge of a rebel surgeon,  a Doctor Maddox.  They Avere
finally taken to Savage's  Station and thence to  Richmond in ambulances and army yvagons provided by the rebel authorities. 
                REPORTS OF  ASSISTANT SURGEONS  WOODHULL  AND  GREENLEAF.              73

     The operations Avere amputations, excisions, and ligations of the femoral artery.   The operations were primary,  or
as nearly so as possible.  The only anaesthetic Avas chloroform, Avhich was used with no  unfavorable results.   The supply
became  exhausted before the operations yvere completed, and many were performed without its  aid, and often with as little
apparent suffering as yvould have been manifested had the subjects been under its influence.
     The number of casualties at the different depots to which I was attached was nearly fifteen hundred; a tabular statement
of which yvas taken at  the time, but, during my imprisonment, was  unfortunately lost.   After  ten days, when all suitable
operations had been performed, and the men cared for as well as the limited commissariat of the rebels would allow, I was
taken to Richmond, at the  request of all the medical  officers yvho remained on the field after being captured, for the purpose
of communicating Avith  the Confederate government, in order  to  obtain supplies for  our wounded; but my appeals and
solicitations to rebel authorities were in vain.  I was sent under guard to Libby prison, and put on duty in a room containing
a hundred  wounded  officers, where I  remained until the 22d of July, 1862, when we were exchanged, and  forwarded in
transports by the James River, and I reported at Harrison's  Landing."      *      *      *
LX.   Extracts from a  Personal  Contribution  to the  Medical  and  Surgical  History of the
     Rebellion.   By Assistant Surgeon A. A.  Woodhull, U.  S. Army.
     *  *  *  "I entered upon the spring campaign of the Army of the Potomac as medical officer of the 2d U. S. Infantry.
In the trenches before YorktoAvn, the  regiment was under a heavy artillery fire, yvithout casualties.  It engaged, four hundred
and forty-six strong, at the battle of Gaines's Mill, Virginia, 27th June, Hoi.  Its condition and discipline were of the first
order.  At that action, I was on field duty yvith the regiment.    There were sufficient medical  supplies with the trains; but
on the spot nothing, excepting water,  more than the hospital knapsack afforded.  Our band and  field  music were the  litter-
bearers  to my station. From the field hospital, a third of a mile further to  the rear, ambulances carried the wounded to
Savage's Station hospital.   Some of the very severe cases were left on the field as the line of battle receded.   The regiment
was under fire five or six hours, four of yvhich it was hotly engaged against artillery at long, and musketry at moderate, range.
I performed no capital operation, and used no anaesthetic.  Our loss was nearly one hundred and thirty, being more than twenty-
eight per centum of the force engaged.  The Chickahominy was crossed in the night, and the next morning all the wounded
on the  south side were sent to Savage's  Station.   *  * After an exceedingly harassing march, Malvern Hill was reached
Monday, 30th June.  Tuesday evening, the regiment was under fire in the battle, and held the left, though yvithout  loss.  I
rendered what aid I could with a knapsack and field case, on the field, until midnight.  The  missiles were both round  and
conoidal bullets, and the range close.  All the Federal wounded Avere borne off on stretchers, and the most reached Harrison's
Landing in ambulances.  The army retired at daylight. Before  leaving the Peninsula, the 10th infantry was  placed in th  e
same battalion with the 2d."      *      *      *
 LXL  Second  Extract from a  Narrative  of  his  Medical  Services.   By  Assistant  Surgeon
      Charles R. Greejstleaf, U. S. Army.
      * *  *   "During the stay of the army before Yorktown, I was assigned to  the charge of the hospital for regulars.
 This was in log huts erected  by the enemy, and distant about two miles from the front.   But three wounded were received, all
 shell wounds, very severe, and all died a few hours after admission.  The other cases were fevers and the like.  *  *  After
 the battle of Fair Oaks, I was ordered to take supplies and ambulances to Surgeon J. F. Hammond, U. S. A., medical director
 of General Sumner's Corps.   * *   After the battle of Hanover Court-house, I yvas ordered to the front, and assigned to duty
 in charge of three field hospitals near headquarters.  The medical supplies here were abundant.   The hospitals  were sixteen
 miles from the scene of action.  The supply of water yvas plenty, and the wounded were well cared for.  There were no deaths.
 Amputation and extraction of balls were the only operations performed.   *  *   During  the battle  of Mechanicsville, I was
 assigned as medical  purveyor at Savage's Station ; but, the railroad being used  for the  transportation of ammunition, supplies
 could not reach me before the line of communication yvas broken by the enemy.   I assisted Surgeon Milhau, U. S. A., medical
 director of General Heintzelman's Corps, to receive the wounded at that point.   Nearl y all were wounded in the upper portion
 of the body by the minie balls and fragments of shells.  Supplies of all kinds, as well as hospital accommodations, were limited.
 Many of the men were exposed to the weather.   The station was nearly eight miles from the scene of  action, and the wounded
 received such  care  and  attention as those who were present could give  them.   They came in ambulances  and on foot.  A
 thousand or fifteen hundred were sent in open cars to White House, by order of  Surgeon C. S. Tripler, medical director.  The
 remainder were left, and fell into the hands of the enemy.   *  *  The operations performed at Savage's Station were principally
 amputations andapxcisions, and Avere, of course, primary.  The approximate number of wounded at Savage's Station, when
 headquarters moved, was, I think, three thousand.  I was ordered by Surgeon  Tripler, during the actions at Savage's Station
 and White Oak Swamp, to take a train of ambulances forward, and was on that  duty until the battle of Malvern Hill, yvhen I
 was ordered to assist Assistant Surgeon A. K. Smith  at  Haxall's  Station, in  the care of such wounded as should come to
 headquarters.  The field  of action was  about three miles from the temporary  hospital; the supplies of medical  stores were
 ample;  and the wounded received every attention.  Supplies of water, fuel, and soup  were abundant.   The men  received at
 headquarters were brought in ambulances and came on foot.  The fire in those  actions was heavy, and lasted nearly all day.
Artillery and musketry were both used, and at various ranges.  The enemy used both buckshot and the conoidal ball, judging
from the character of the injuries.  As many as could be Avere sent to Harrison's Landing from this point; but  some fell  into
the hands of the enemy.  The operations were  principally amputations,  excisions of small joints, and extractions of bullets.
I should judge that at least one thousand men were received at  Haxall's Landing."
        10 
71                       APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.

LXIL   Second  Extract from  a  Report  of his Services in the  Medical  Staff.   Bv  Assistant
      Surgeon Alexander Ingram, U.  S. Army.

      *  *  *  "I was ordered to report to Captain A. Pleasonton, commanding four companies of regular cavalry, encamnel
at the park on Seventh  street, Washington, in the autumn of 1861.  These troops  yvere quartered in comfortable and
commodious buildings,  and  none of these soldiers were ill.   Early in the yviuter, five more companies of cavalry joined the
command.  A hospital containing sixteen beds Avas then prepared, and proved ample for the necessities of the command which
numbered about five hundred officers and men;  all of yvhom yvere inured to the hardships of a soldiers life by frontier service
and the march to Utah Territory.  We had but few cases of serious illness during the winter, though  the site of the quarters
was not good, in a hygienic point of view, being very level, and rendered marshy by frequent rains.  During the greater portion
of the winter I had, in addition to the above duty, to attend the camp of .eight companies of the First United States Dragoons
quartered in huts at the terminus of New York  Avenue.  The health of this  command remained good during the winter and
no death  occurred up to the  time that I was relieved from the charge of it.  *  *  On March 31st, we were ordered to proceed
to Alexandria and to embark for the Peninsula.   *   *  On May 4th, we commenced to struggle through the mud toyvards
Williamsburg.   *   *  We proceeded immediately to Williamsburg, where  I found four or five hundred wounded  almost
exclusively Confederates, our own wounded having been left further back, near the  field,  poorly provided Avith hospital and
commissary stores, our trains not being able to get up.  A number of Confederate surgeons had been sent back from General
Longstreet's division, but being found on  the  streets without credentials, they had been picked up by guards and confined as
prisoners.  The facts being made known, they were at once released, and, with the few Union surgeons in the town, proceeded
to make the wounded as comfortable as possible with our scanty means.  The Confederate  surgeons were entirely unprovided
with instruments and stores, hut the necessary instruments and a few essentials, such as chloroform, stimulants, and morphia,
that had been carried on saddles, were provided by us.  Beef was soon obtained and distributed, yvhich, with contributions
from the  residents, nourished the wounded until the following day, when our trains began to  come in.  The wounded were
sheltered in churches and other buildings, and did not suffer  from exposure.   A number of amputations and a few extractions
of balls were performed, the  Union and Confederate  surgeons working very amicably  together.  *  *  On May 8th, I left
Williamsburg.   The Avounded had not all been sent off.   *   *   During the battle  at Gaines's Mill, June 27th, the greater
portion of the command Avas detailed  to guard the bridges, and to destroy them after the passage of our troops. I spent a
portion of the day on the battlefield; but can give no detailed account of the engagement, not being familiar with the position
of the troops.  They Avere exposed  to an artillery fire, at long range, throughout the day, and to a severe musketry fire at
different times during the day.  The majority of the wounds on this occasion, and during the whole campaign, were inflicted by
the conoidal musket ball, but many also by the round musket ball.   On the morning  of June 28th, all our troops had crossed
the Chickahominy, and the enemy opened with round shot from the other side, and the bridges Avere bloAvn up.  We yvent into
camp at Savage's Station, a  depot for the wounded.  The supplies of food, water, and hospital stores were abundant, though
many of  the patients  were not sheltered.  Late in'the afternoon of this day, the command proceeded to James River, in advance
of the army, and communicated with the gunboats.   Without meeting the enemy, we  reached Carter's Landing on the evening
of June 29th.  During the night the yvounded that had  been able to yvalk from Savage's Station, together with many stragglers,
collected, and they continued to pour in during  June 30th, until some thousand  sick,  yvounded, and deserters were assembled.
Three hundred of the worst cases were selected and sent to Fort Monroe on a gunboat.  The buildings on Carter's place  were
used to receive those  requiring shelter; the remainder congregated  about those buildings.  On July 1st, the wounded  from the
battle of White Oak Swamp and Malvern Hill came in  upon ambulances.  Early in the day, Surgeon F. H. Hamilton, U. S. V.,
arrived, with instructions from  Medical Director Tripler to  establish general hospitals.   Strayv being abundant, some seven
hundred  were very comfortably accommodated, a number of medical officers that had  been detached from their commands were
assigned to different buildings, and to the care of those  in the yard.  I, being left in charge of the hospital, received a sufficient
number of cooks and attendants from stragglers collected from the crowd of deserters. I also received an abundant supply of
commissary stores  from a steamer unloading at Carter's Landing.  An abundant supply of beef yvas also provided, and good
water being easily accessible, the men did not suffer for want of nourishment, though  medical supplies and  dressings yvere
limited.  During the day, some operations were performed, and all the wounds were dressed, and the men Avere  cheered by the
prospect of going down the river on hospital transports the following day.  At daylight, the next morning, it commenced raining.
The steamer, with its stores, had gone, and the tone of everything was changed.   The army had passed us on the way to Harrison's
Landing.  I yvas ordered to rejoin my command.  After  starting  those  able to walk  for Harrison's Landing, and loading the
ambulances, of which a number had accumulated, and directing them to the same point, I left the few remaining patients in the
hands of Surgeon M. Rizer, 72d Pennsylvania Volunteers, and joined the command to which I yvas attached."   *    *
LXIIL   Extracts from a Report of his  Services  in the Medical  Staff, from  May, 1861, to
      May, 1803.   By Assistant Surgeon  C. E. Goddard, U. S. Army.
      *  *  *  " I reported at Fort Hamilton on May 28th, 1861, to Captain A. Doubleday, and, on the folloyving day, went
with companies E and H, 1st U. S. Artillery,  just returned  from  Fort Sumter, South Carolina, and joined General Patterson's
column at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.   *   *  Throughout the summer, the command suffered but little sickness, none of the
soldiers being attacked by anything  more grave than  ordinary summer diarrhoea.  *  *  On  September 3d, the command
proceeded to Washington.  While there, we had few sick.   *   *  We yvere joined by company K, 4th U. S. Artillery, under
Captain De Russy, and by Captain Tidball's battery.  We remained on Capitol Hill until October 30, 1801.  I had few cases
of illness.  Diarrhoea, gonorrhoea, and syphilis were  the principal diseases I had to treat.  *  *   On October 30th, we moved
to Budd's Ferry, Captain Getty's battery having joined us, and, on the 3d of November, we arrived at General Hooker's position
on the Potomac River.  *  *   Soon after, typhoid fever began to show itself in the command, and, during the winter, I had 
REPORTS  OF ASSISTANT SURGEONS GODDARD  AND  SMITH.                   75
six men and one officer ill Avith this disease.   The type of fever Avas mild, but I Avas obliged to send the patients to the division
hospital.  The other diseases noted yvere catarrhs incident to exposure and remittent  fever.   On March 4th, 1802, the  battery
with Avhich I yvas serving proceeded with General Hooker's division to Fort Monroe, but did not land, because an attack was
feared by the rebel iron-clad Mc>rrimac ; and the transports, therefore, landed on the north side of the Peninsula, at the mouth
of Cheesman's Creek.  We encamped here until March 15th, and then moved to the lines before Yorktoyvn.  Here, the
artillerymen had much night duty,  but none of them Avere Avounded.  But  five cases of typhoid fever occurred, and twenty of
camp diarrhoea.  After the evacuation of Yorktown, the command moved yvith General Hooker's division, and met the enemy
at Williamsburg.   Two of the batteries to Avhich I Avas attached Avere placed in front of Fort Magruder, and I Avas  occupied
with them during the yvhole of the  day, and had no opportunity to see anything of the rest of the battle.  Fifteen of the men
were wounded, and tyvo of the officers.  Battery K. the only regular battery,  lost  four of its pieces, and after the capture of
these and the  Avithdrayval of our infantry supports, I could no longer be of service with them, and reported to  the medical
director at the  division field hospital, established at Allen's Farm, about tyvo miles from Williamsburg.  This I did  at five in the
afternoon, and yvas occupied here for five days in dressing wounds and assisting in operations.  I observed, during this battle,
that the morale of the men of the command was good, their strength being four hundred men, including the  two volunteer
batteries.  Their medical supplies  yvere sufficient.  The wounded  were removed to the  field depots on stretchers, and from
there to the field hospital in ambulances.  The men of the batteries yvere exposed to the fire of round shot and spherical  case
from Fort Magruder, and the fire of the sharpshooters in the rifle  pits, from seven in the morning till three in the afternoon.
After the necessary dressings, the yvounded yvere  removed  to the general  hospitals in Baltimore  and Washington.  The
operations in my  command were those of minor surgery, Avith the exception of one primary amputation, in the case of an
officer.  Chloroform Avas the anaesthetic used.  Out of the four hundred men  serving Avith the command, fifteen men and two
officers yvere yvounded.   *   *   On May 10th, Ave yvere put in position to  guard the bridge at White Oak Swamp.  During our
stay there, one officer of  the command  died of typhoid fever, and six men yvere sent to the division hospital with that disease.
On May 31st, Ave were ordered to Fair Oaks, to reinforce General Heintzelman.  We arrived late, and did not go into  action.
We encamped  here until June 28th, and then retreated to Harrison's Landing,  and  yvere only engaged at Malvern Hill on July
1st, yvhere but  two men of battery K, 4th artillery, yvere yvounded.   I Avas occupied nearly all day in the general hospital, at
the brick house, on the summit of Malvern Hill."       *      *      *
 LXIV.   Extracts from a Narrative of the  Services in the Medical Staff, from December 20th,
      1861, to May 29th, 1863.   By Assistant Surgeon A.  H. Smith, U. S. Army.
      *  *  *  " My connection Avith the army began as assistant surgeon of the 43d NeAV York Volunteers.  I reported for duty
 December 20,1861.  The regiment was yvith the Army of the Potomac, near Chain Bridge.  Little of interest occurred  until
 the Army was transferred to the Peninsula.  Being required to leave  our  hospital  tents at Alexandria, yve yvere Avithout any
 special accommodations for the sick during tbe advance to Yorktoyvn, hospital tents being issued  to  us  about  the first of
 April. Fortunately, although the weather yvas yvet and cold, we had but little sickness during that period.  On April 3d, I yvas
 detailed to take medical  charge of the 6th Maine Volunteers, during the temporary  absence  of the medical officers of that
 regiment.   During a  reconnaissance on  April  6th, three men Avere yvounded  by one of the enemy's shells, one requiring
 amputation of the arm, yvhich I performed on the field.  Returning to the 43d New York Volunteers, I yvas near the scene
 of action at Lee's  Mills, and assisted in caring for the yvounded.  The first surgical attendance they received Avas at a small
 house about a mile from the field.   The attention consisted in the  extraction  of  balls, the  application of cold-yvater dressings,
 the administration of  food  and  stimulants, and the free  use of morphia.   Water, tea, coffee, and  commissary stores yvere
 abundant, but no soup  yvas on hand.  The Avounded were removed to the hospitals on stretchers, and some in the arms of their
 comrades.  Both conoidal and round musket balls yvere extracted.  About the 23d of April, I yvas detailed as assistant in the
 field hospital of the brigade, a mile in the rear.  This consisted of four tents and four flies, capable of accommodating sixty-four
 patients.  Rude bunks were constructed yvith poles resting on crotches.   We had about twenty bed-sacks, which yvere  used
 for the worst cases.  The principal diseases were diarrhoea and typhoid fever.  But few wounded Avere received.   After the
 evacuation of Yorktown, I yvas left alone, and the number of sick Avas increased to one hundred and tAventy-five,  the greater
 portion of them sleeping in shelter tents.   We had a large cooking stove and two good cooks, and, as  there Avas an abundance
 of fresh beef and flour, beef tea and flour gruel Avere furnished to the sick.  A feAV days subsequently, I was ordered to remove
 my sick to  YorktoAvn.  The distance was ten miles,  much of it over  a corduroy road, and the weather Avas very  sultry.   A
 quantity of hay was  placed  in the Avagons, and about forty of the most feeble patients were placed  upon it.   One man, with a
 gunshot fracture of both bones of the leg, Avas carried  the whole distance on a stretcher ; while another, shot through the lung,
 ten days before, rode my horse, yvith a man yvalking on each side to hold him  on.   Both recovered.  The remainder Avalked,
 some of them not reaching Yorktown until  the third day; but all eventually reported in safety.   But one death occurred as the
 immediate result of the transportation, while many recoveries seemed  actually to date from  the journey.  After two weeks of
 hospital duty at Yorktown, I yvas placed in charge of the steamer  Louisiana, with orders to fit  her up, and take a load of sick
 to Washington.  Though a large boat, the ventilation yvas so defective that only two hundred and fifty patients could be carried
 with safety.  *  *  Returning to Yorktoyvn, I resumed my hospital duties.  The buildings in Yorktoyvn yvere, for the most
 part, ill adapted for use as hospitals.  The town was also in an utterly indescribable  condition of filth.  This evil was rapidly
 corrected by the efforts of the medical director and the provost marshal, a large number of negroes being employed in policing.
 the supply of medicine and  hospital stores yvas at first very inadequate, but the deficiency was soon remedied.  On May 27th,
1 was  ordered to rejoin my regiment, then on the Chickahominy.  There  I  found an appointment as surgeon of the 94th NeAV
 -ork ayvaiting me.  As that regiment Avas at-Manassas, I started for Fort Monroe on my way to join it.  At the White House,
1 was placed on  a  boat having on board nearly six hundred  Avounded from the battle of Fair  Oaks.   The condition of these
men was pitiable.  They Avere in the clothes in  which  they fell, generally saturated with blood, and their Avounds Avere, in 
76                        APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—PENINSULAR  CAMPAIGN.

many cases, filled yvith maggots.  There were five medical officers on board, besides dressers and female nurses.   By the time
yve reached Fort Monroe, every man had been washed, had  his wounds dressed, and been supplied with clean under-clothin
On  arriving at Fort Monroe, I received orders from the medical director to proceed Avith the boat to Neyv York.  Keturnin
thence to Washington, I passed my examination for the position of assistant  surgeon  in the regular  army, before the board
then in session, after which, I joined the 94th New York Volunteers at Manassas."      *      *       *
 LXV.   Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Sumcon
       H.  S. Schell,  U. S. Army.

       *  *   *   "On July 16th, 1861, I was ordered by Surgeon W.  S. King, U. S. A., medical director of General McDowell's
 army, to proceed to Alexandria, and organize a general hospital in a building that had been used as a seminary.  *  *  On
 the evening of the Sunday on yvhich the battle of Bull Run yvas fought, I was ordered by Surgeon General  Finley to report to
 General McDowell.  In the middle of August, I yvas ordered to  report to General W. T. Sherman, and was assigned to duty
 with the regular troops in his division, consisting of two batteries of the 2d and 3d U. S. Artillery, and a squadron of cavalry
 *  *  We  embarked, with the rest of the army,  at Alexandria for Fort Monroe, and reached  Yorktown on April 6th 1862.
 On this day, we had five men wounded  by the artillery fire directed  on our  batteries.  One of these, perhaps the first man
 wounded on the Peninsula, had his left thigh crushed in the middle third by a fragment of shrapnel.  I performed immediate
 amputation, but the shock was too great, and the man expired shortly afteryvards.  I, fortunately, had abundant supplies of all
 kinds for the men.  *  *  A division hospital was established, and the wounded were removed there that evening.  *  *  On
 the 27th of May, we moved to Hanover Court-house and engaged a force of the enemy, estimated at seven thousand. General
 F. J. Porter's division, to which yve  were attached, lost about two hundred and fifty men.  On this occasion, as on several
 others, I found it impracticable to attend more than a single battery in the time of action, because of the  distance  intervening
 betyveen  batteries of the  same division,  and their frequent changes on  the field.    Another difficulty was packing up and
 transporting soiled and bloody instruments, dressings, and other appliances, to attend to cases, perhaps a mile apart.  I would
 respectfully recommend that medical officers of batteries, in  time of action, should attach  themselves to a single one, and leave
 others to be attended to by the medical officers of the  supporting regiment of infantry.   * *  I  took possession of a small
 house in advance of the position of our guns, and it was soon filled with  wounded Confederates.  Only one  man yvas wounded
 in our battery.   I obtained an abundance of yvater and food for these patients, and the next day had them removed to a hospital
 near Gaines's Mill, about  twenty miles distant.  The fight lasted  scarcely thirty minutes.  The  fire of the enemy was from
 musketry at short range, from fifty to one hundred yards.   The operations performed were primary amputations.  *  *  We
 camped at Gaines's Mill until  June 26th, and then  marched to Mechanicsville, but did not  participate in the  engagement.  We
 returned to Gaines's Mill  during the  night, and were attacked the next day.  The strength of the command was five officers
 and one hundred and thirty-three men.  Oyving to various debilitating circumstances, their grade of vitality was lowered.  At
 the commencement of the  engagement at Gaines's  Mill, the batteries yvere close together, and I established a  depot, for the care
 of the wounded in their midst, in a house belonging to one Adams.  Two of the batteries moved off presently, and I lost sight
 of them, being  preoccupied by the Avounded brought to me.  My depot  had  become a hospital for the  surrounding infantry
 regiments, and  nearly three hundred yvounded men Avere accumulated, while five or six  surgeons came to assist in attending
 them.  These wounded had the necessary primary dressings and operations, and two hundred of them were sent, immediately
 afterwards, to the other side of the Chickahominy, some in ambulances and some on foot.  Most of the  medical supplies had
 been previously sent across the Chickahominy, so that  our stores were deficient.  *  *  In company with  Assistant Surgeon
 E. J. Marsh, U. S. A.,  I remained, during the  falling back of our forces from the battle-ground of Gaines's Mills, at a
 house used  as a hospital, and situated very near  the centre of our lines during the action.   In consequence of this position, the
 hospital yvas surrounded by dead bodies  of men and horses, and, together with its outhouses, was filled to overflowing with
 wounded.  Among the cases, numbering in all one hundred and twenty, there was a large portion  of  very severe ones,
 so that nearly, if not fully three-fourths  of  them yvere unable to  move without assistance.  These comprised four cases of
 fracture of the 6kull, ten cases of wounds of the  abdomen, twenty of the chest, six of the pelvis, nine  of the larger  joints,
 and thirty-nine cases of  fracture  of the long bones.   For five days after the engagement,  we  had but three  assistants;
 scarcely  enough to carry yy ater;  and, in consequence, Avas obliged to use every man who was but slightly wounded only
 in an arm  as a nurse.  At the termination of the  above-named period, we succeeded in obtaining six prisoners, who were
 paroled not to escape.  These men Avere detailed  for nurses, but a more worthless half dozen it would have been difficult to
 find.   The ration furnished for the patient by the Confederate authorities consisted of flour and  bacon, with  a small proportion
 of beans,  salt beef, and salt.  The quantity yvas exceedingly small, and  many of the poor Avretches forgot the pain of their
 injuries in the more terrible pangs of hunger.  But while food was scarce, maggots were abundant, crowding and rolling in
 every wound, and searching beneath the dressings to fasten  upon every excoriation.   Oil of turpentine and infusion of tobacco
 and of the rloyvers of the  elderberry yvere tried, for the  purpose of getting rid of this pest; but the most effectual means was
found to be the dressing forceps; and to keep a wound clean, it required to be examined every tAvo or Jhree hours.  A solution
 of camphor in oil, is an excellent remedy, if applied directly to the bodies of the intruders, the  secretions of the wound
 having been previously removed by  a piece of sponge.  It seems to me  that  the maggot actually does damage in a wound;
 although  not by attacking the living tissues, but  only by the annoyance created by the continual sensation of crawling and
irritation yvhich it occasions, and of yvhich the patient often complains bitterly.  In  certain states of the  system, the nervous
 excitement or irritability thus  engendered  must react  injuriously upon  the parts.   The large number of severe cases rendered
 some croAvding necessary,  although the men were kept as much in the open air as possible.   The fierce rays of a July sun soon
 started the usual  series of changes in the deud bodies of horses and half-buried men, yvhich streyved  the earth for a mile around
 the house.   Every hot breath of yvind, as it swept over the field, came saturated yvith the disgusting odor of putrescent  animal
matter.  All night, yvhen the air yvas quiet, it became, on this account, peculiarly oppressive.  In a feyv days, a feeling of languor 
REPORT  OF ASSISTANT SURGEON  BROWN.
77
and debility seized upon the surgeons, assistants, and patients.   Every fractured leg, or other part of the body that required to
be kept in one position, excoriated and  sloughed AvhereVer it touched a point of support.  Many of the  wounds began to look
badly;  typhous symptoms  rapidly developed;  operative cases shoAved little or no disposition to heal; three or four cases of
pure typhus occurred, and  one half of  the whole  number of these unfortunate men died during the month.  Of five major
amputations, two only survived, and the same result occurred in a like number of resections.  With this frightful mortality, let
me contrast the result of the cases in a hospital  situated about a mile in the rear of the foregoing one, on the summit of a hill,
and in  a perfectly sweet and pure atmosphere.   I  had in this building and  its out-houses one hundred  and six cases, among
which there were two cases of fractures of the skull, tyvelve cases of gunshot wounds of the chest, tyvo cases of wounds of the
abdomen, three cases of wounds of the pelvis, seven cases of fractures  of the long bones, three cases of wounds of the larger
joints, ten major amputations, and one resection.  In the entire number, only four died, and the  operative cases all did well.
In the one case of resection, I  removed the shattered head of the humerus and three and a half inches of the shaft; and when
I last saw the  patient he yvas almost well.  In  the hospital, a mile  in the  rear, there Avas not so large  a proportion of severe
cases as in the former; but the chief cause of the striking difference  in the results lay, I think, in the purity of the atmosphere
surrounding it. The attendants whom I had here were feyver in number than in the other, and the diet yvas precisely the same.
In both cases, there Avas a  plentiful supply of fresh Avater in the vicinity.   On my return to the  command with which I was
Berving, I found it encamped at  Harrison's Landing, James River, on  a slight swell of ground, about  half a mile from the
stream.  The intervening surface Avas flat, destitute of trees, intersected by ditches, and, after rains, covered by pools of standing
water,  which  dried up very gradually.   The  principal  affection yvas  some disturbance of the digestive system, commonly
diarrhoea, and this particularly liable to run into the chronic form."      *       *      *
  LXVL  Extract from a Narrative  of his  Services in the Medical Staff, from  April 24th,
       1861, to June 17th, 1863.   By Assistant Surgeon  H. E. Brown,  U. S. Army.
       »   #  *  " I was appointed, on April 26th, assistant surgeon of the 1st regiment of the Excelsior Brigade, a regiment
  subsequently designated as the 70th Neyv York Volunteers.  *  *  In addition to my daily duty as regimental medical officer,
  I yvas assigned to the duty of examining recruits for the brigade.  All recruits Avere thoroughly inspected according to the plan
  pursued  in the  regular service.  The brigade was stationed  at Camp Scott, Staten  Island, New York, until  June 23d,  1861.
  Its strength increased from three to five thousand, and  not a single death occurred in the command during the two months;  to
  which I refer as an instance of exemption from  disease worthy of n.ote,  and  due to a thorough system of policing.  On  June
 23d, the 70th New York yvas ordered to Washington, and yvas  stationed on Meridian Hill until August 15th, and then moved  to
 Good  Hope, D. C, yvhere  they remained  throughout the  autumn.    The health of the command while at  Good  Hope was
 remarkably good.   The  camp was on the  side of a hill, with good drainage, and  excellent spring water near by.  The men
 were employed in  drilling, and in the duty of building fortifications.  The prevalent diseases were diarrhoea and  dysentery,
 brought  on by  imprudent indulgence in  luxuries furnished by the sutlers.  Not  a single death occurred, not a man was
 discharged for  disability, and but one  Avas sent to  general  hospital during this period.   About the 1st of September, the
 regiment was ordered to make a march  through Prince George, Charles, and St. Mary's counties, Maryland, for the purpose
 of breaking up the contraband trade across the  loyver  Potomac.  They  were absent about a month, marching, on an average,
 about ten miles a day, and bivouacking at  night without tents.   During the march, the health of the regiment was excellent, and
 in several companies not a single man reported sick.   In  the latter  part of  the autumn, the regiment marched with General
 Hooker's column to Sandy Point, in  the  lower  Potomac, and was there stationed  until their embarkation for Yorktown  in
 April, 1862.  The health of the command yvas  good throughout this whole period, with  the exception of a short epidemic
 of typhoid fever in December and January, from which  six  deaths resulted.  The  strength of the regiment at this time was
 one thousand and eighty-three, and  about' thirty were discharged on surgeon's certificate of disability, and  a number  were
 transferred to other regiments, to reduce the strength to the maximum of one thousand and thirty-six allowed by law.  It  is
 worthy of remark  that the sickness during this  time was  almost entirely confined to those companies of the regiment which
 were recruited in the country.  Thus, a company from the woods of Michigan suffered more than any other, while city companies,
 composed of a lower grade of men, were the healthiest.  I would also remark  that  those who were most sick most frequently
 visited the sutlers.   The vile trash sold  by this pest  of the  army producing dysentery, diarrhoea, and other diseases of the
 alimentary canal, while those who confined their diet to the strict soldiers' rations were healthy  and  hardy men.  The Avinter
 quarters of the men were of logs, filled in yvith mud, a detailed report of the construction  of which  I forwarded in October,
 1863, at his request, to Lieutenant Colonel E. P. Vollum,  medical inspector  United  States Army, and which will probably be
 found in  that bureau.  During the winter, and subsequent to the evacuation  of the Confederate batteries on the Potomac, the
 regiment  twice crossed  the Potomac  for reconnaissance.   The first time to  Dumfries, and  the last to  Stafford Court-house,
 Virginia,  in the  latter case, having a  severe skirmish yvith a large body  of cavalry, defeating them and burning their camps,
 with a loss to them, as acknowledged  by rebel newspapers, of upwards of a  hundred in killed, wounded, and missing.  Our
 loss being one wounded and four missing.
      About the first of  April, the division embarked  on  transports  for Yorktown, landing first at Ship Point, and marching
 thence to  the front.  Their position in line was on the right of the army, in the Third Corps, between the division of General
 Porter and that of  General Hamilton.  General Porter held the extreme right,  resting on the York River.  During the month
 which followed,  the regiment was actively  engaged in the  duties incident to the siege.  The casualties during this time being
 one killed and two wounded.   On May 4th, 1862, Yorktown was evacuated by the enemy, and General Hooker's division, with
 General Stoneman's cavalry, formed the advance in pursuit.   By General Hooker's order, I was directed to remain behind,  in
 charge  of the sick of the division.  The  sick of the division, embracing thirteen regiments, numbered three hundred and
ninety-three,  as  near as I can remember. Of these,  about  seventy-five Avere serious cases of typhoid  fever  and typhoid
\ 
7S
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--PENINSULAR  CAMPAIGN.
dysentery, the remainder being convalescents, rheumatic cases, and malingerers.  I established my camp on the site of Get   1
Hooker's headquarters, placing the men on the ground, not having any bunks, in hospital tents, as far as I could, and niacin
the less serious cases in Avail and shelter tents.  I was at first very inefficiently supplied Avith food and medicines, but obtai   \
a supply for temporary use from the post medical director at Yorktoyvn.  I remained at this place until the 20th of May wh
our camp having been attacked by guerrillas, I was ordered by General Van Alien, military governor of Yorktoyvn to remove
my sick to that place, yvhich I accordingly did,  and,  on  reporting to Assistant  Surgeon Greenleaf, U. S. A., post medical
director, yvas by him  assigned  to the charge of the warehouse hospital.   During my stay at Camp Winfield Scott  there  wer •
thirteen  deaths, one  hundred  and ten transferred with me to Yorktown, and the  remainder returned to  duty  with  their
regiments.  On May 27th, by orders of Medical Director Tripler, I proceeded  to rejoin my regiment, at that time stationed at
White Oak Syvamp, on the extreme left of the army in front of Richmond.
       On May 31st, occurred the battle of the Seven Pines.   The second and third brigades of General Hooker's division  yvere
ordered, at four in the afternoon, to reinforce General Casey and General Couch,  and marched for that purpose to the battlefield
arriving just at dusk.  The third brigade was ordered to the trenches, and our brigade  bivouacked for the nbdit within a
quarter of a mile.  At 6 a. m., on June 1st, the  enemy renewed  the attack, and  the third brigade being ordered to the right to
the line of the railroad, the second brigade, comprising the  1st, 2d,  3d, 4th, and  5th Excelsior regiments, were  ordered  to
advance, to repel the  attack.   The enemy yvere posted in the woods, at the edge of a ravine, about  a mile in advance of where
the attack had been made on General  Casey,  the previous day.  Our troops had to advance  across an open field fronting these
woods, which they did in gallant style, firing one  volley, and then charging in line of battle into the yvoods, and driving the
enemy before them.  After this, severe artillery firing was heard throughout the day, until towards evening, when a reconnais-
sance  proved that the enemy had retired  towards Richmond.  The next morning, Monday, an advance yvas  ordered, and the
division, marching on the old Williamsburg turnpike, advanced to within six miles of  Richmond, without  meeting any signs of
the enemy, except the countless slain  and wounded of the  tyvo  previous  days, which  lay scattered thickly in every direction.
At this point, they were met by an order from  headquarters, directing them  to fall back and occupy a camp at  that locality
known as the Seven Pines.  At the commencement  of  this engagement, the general depot for wounded of the  division waB
established at a house directly in the rear of the field, where the action commenced on Sunday.  To this depot, all the medical
officers reported, and Surgeon T. Sim, medical director, from time to time, detailed such to go on the field and assist in removing
the wounded as were  needed, retaining the others as operating surgeons and  assistants.   The  wounded  were brought in  at
first on stretchers, but afterwards,  as the tide of battle receded, in  ambulances.   The want  of a properly instructed  ambulance
corps was  severely felt here, as yvell  as at all subsequent  engagements which  came  under my  notice.  The  regular hospital
attendants were needed as cooks and assistants at the general depot, and the bands of the various regiments proved utterly
worthless in bringing  off the wounded, behaving with the utmost coyvardice, and required more persons to watch and see that
they did their duty than their services yvere yvorth.  As a natural consequence of this, yvhenever a man fell out of  the ranks,
wounded, four,  and  sometimes six of his comrades, would fall  out for the purpose of carrying him  away, thus seriously
depleting the ranks, and affording opportunity to  the skulkers and cowards to sneak aAvay.  The supplies for the yvounded
were  abundant, and the arrangements were  excellent.  A  fine yvell on the spot furnished water,  an  outhouse was converted
into a kitchen and supply store, and a competent man yvas placed in  charge.  Soup, coffee, and  crackers yvere ready at all
hours  for such as needed them.  The medical stores of our regiment furnished a sufficiency of whiskey and other stimulants,
and I believe this yvas the case with the other regiments. The  only articles deficient  were chloroform and ether; and this, I
think,  was not due to  any neglect,  but to the  fact of the  unusually  large number of yvounded, we having to attend not only to
those of our own division, but to all of those wounded in the battle of May 31st, the ground of yvhich was occupied by the enemy
until Saturday afternoon.  Nearly  all  of our men brought in were wounded with the conoidal or minie" ball. I saw but one by
cannon or round balls.  There was one case of bayonet Avound, and this  man had  two wounds from gunshot and five bayonet
wounds; and these last, he asserted, he received while lying on the field, after being wounded.  The rebels  captured  by us  Avere
yvounded Avith the bayonet, yvith round ball  and buck shot, and yvith  the conoidal ball, and some few had shell wounds, the
conoidal ball, hoAvever, preponderating.  The Avounded, immediately after being attended  to, were placed in ambulances and
removed to Savage's  Station,  to be sent thence, by railroad, to the White House, for transportation north.   So far as I saw,
the operations were chiefly primary amputations, the excisions being but few in number.   Chloroform was chiefly employed,
or chloric ether, and I neither saw  nor heard of any deaths  from either.  On  Monday, June 2d, the enemy having been driven
from the battlefield, the general depot was moved two miles further in front, and many of the wounded Avho had lain forty-eight
hours on the field were here attended to.  These poor unfortunates Avere in a most pitiable condition, yveak and faint from loss
of blood and yvant of food, and nearly dead of the  horrible  thirst which their  yvounds and the hot sun had  produced ; while, to
add to their misery, maggots appeared in  large numbers in their wounds.  These  men were tenderly cared for, as far as our
means would allow, and fonvarded, like the rest, to the  White House.   *  *  Until June 25th, I was engaged with the  daily
duties  of the regiment, encamped on the battlefield of May 3lst, and, in conjunction with the other regiments of  the division,
picketed the left of the line. A more  horrible place for a camp could not be conceived.  Over three thousand dead had been
buried there; the ground Avas covered with the remains  of clothing and commissary stores.   Dead  horses, yvhich had been but
insufficiently buried or burnt, filled the air with a noxious effluvium, and the only yvater Avas that obtained from the surface, or
by digging down a feAV feet, and this infiltrated with the decaying animal matter of the battlefield.  The duties of the men were
very laborious, enough to  break down a strong man under the most favorable  circumstances.  Under this combination of
circumstances, therefore, it  is not to be wondered that sickness  broke out in the command.  So  far as my observation went, it
took chiefly the form of a Ioav typhoid diarrhoea or dysentery, yvhich did not yield in the least to the ordinary remedies for such
diseases.  The prescription yvhich  I found of most value was a powder  composed of five grains of the mercury and chalk  of the
pharmacopaeia, six grains of Dover's powder, and  two grains of sulphate  of quinia, administered  several times a day, according
to circumstances.  Avoidance of exposure to the sun yvas a  very necessary precaution.  Under this treatment, most  of the cases
recovered in from three to five days.  Intermittent fever at  one time threatened to be a serious evil, but a liberal administration 
REPORTS  OF ASSISTANT  SURGEONS  WHITTINGHAM AND WATERS.              79
of quinia dissolved in Avhiskey, to the yvhole command checked its progress.   During this period, the average number of sick
yvas one hundred and twenty, in a regiment but tyvo hundred and fifty strong.
     On June 25th, General Hooker's and General Kearney's divisions yvere ordered to advance on the enemy's pickets.  The
pickets being driven in, a severe  engagement took place, which lasted about six  hours, and ended in our driving the enemy
about tyvo miles, yvhen an order Avas given for us to fall back to  our line  of entrenchments.  Our depot for wounded in this
engagement Avas placed at Peach Orchard Station, on the railroad,  and about half a mile in the rear of the field of battle.  The
supplies Avere good, the tents sufficient, and, in fact, the remarks made in reference to the engagement at Seven Pines will  apply
here.  During the engagement, I took tyvo hundred yvounded to the White House on rail cars.  On my return, the battle of
Gaines's Mill had been fought and lost, and the order for retreat was in contemplation.   The enemy had appeared at Bottom's
Bridge, threatening  the hospitals in that vicinity.  I yvas detailed by General Hooker to proceed thither,  and to break up the
hospital of his division, and to proceed yvith such of the men as could travel to the  nearest point on the James River, and to
await further orders. At three o'clock A. m. on June 27th, I removed about tyvo hundred and fifty of the slight cases, leaving
behind seventy-five very sick men in  charge of Acting Assistant Surgeon J. W. Powell and Assistant Surgeon McAllister, 71st
New York Volunteers.  All of them, including the medical officers, were made prisoners.
     I proceeded, yvith my command,  across White Oak Swamp Bridge, reaching the estate of Hill Carter, opposite City
Point, Virginia, about six A. M.  on June 28th, and reported  to Major Pleasonton, U. S. A., in charge of that point  Large
numbers of sick and yvounded from other points coming in during the day, and there being no order or discipline in regard to
them, many  large bodies being  yvithout any medical officer  whatever, I was detailed by Major Pleasonton as local medical
director, yvith instructions to organize the men, and separate them  into their appropriate  corps, and to provide food for them;
a work of great difficulty, but yvhich, yvith the valuable assistance of Chaplain W. H. Cudworth, 1st Massachusetts Volunteers,
I at length succeeded in doing,  issuing about seven thousand rations, yvhich I obtained from the steamer  Spaulding, yvhich
opportunely arrived at this time.  Here I remained until the evening of June 31st,  when, our army having all passed by during
the night, Major Pleasonton directed  me to send my men to Harrison's Landing, five miles below."     *       *      *
 LXVIL   Extract from a Narrative  of his Services in the Medical Staff, from December 3d,
      1861, to June 3d, 1863.   By Assistant Surgeon  Edaa'ard T. Whittingham, U. S. Army.

      *  *  *   "On the  14th of May, 1862,  I relieved Assistant Surgeon  J. J. Woodward, U. S. A., of his duties Avith the
 artillery of the first diA'ision of the Third Corps, Army of the Potomac.   General Kearney commanded the division; General
 Heintzelman, the corps.   I  continued yvith that command until  February 20th, 1863, when Surgeon Letterman, U. S. A.,
 medical director of the army, assigned me to the 3d regiment U. S. Infantry, attached to General Sykes's division, the second
 of the Fifth  Corps.  From December 20th, 1862, until February 20th, 1863,  I acted as medical director of the Third Corps.
 *  *  The division to which I had  the  honor to belong,  *   *  in all its many marches, bivouacs, encampments, battles,
 retreats, and defeats, it appears to me that its sanitary condition, under the circumstances, has always been excellent.  Previous
 to the battle of Fair Oaks  it was all  that could be desired, and more than could be expected.  The sultry heats Avhich ensued,
 alternating with cold and severe rains; the previous exposure in the  swamps, and labor in the  trenches in front of Yorktoyvn;
 the miserable location of many of the camps on the very battlefield;  the badness of the water  and air, rendered foetid by the
 emanations from the ill-made and  numerous graves around, and the constant state of  mental excitement and yvatchfulness
 caused by the nearness of  the enemy, combined, at that time, to damage seriously the health of the troops, and proportionately
 their spirits.  To these causes, and the  endemic malaria of the  climate, may be attributed  the  fever and diarrhoea  of the
 Chickahominy, since become but too well known.   At Banks's Ford, despite the hardships of  winter exposure, despite the
 fatigues and  despondencies of two long and unfortunate battles, the health of the men was good, chiefly in consequence, as far
 as my observation goes, of the excellence and plentifulness of  the commissariat and of the clothing  issued.   At no time have I
 seen the command at all demoralized by disaster, by disease, or by the inaction of camp life.  The strength of the artillery of a
 division is, generally, about four hundred men, belonging to  three batteries.  *   *  More than tyvo  batteries of the division
 were never engaged at one time, while I served with them.  On the  Peninsula, the supplies of medicines  and hospital  stores
 were ample.  Sometimes, during an engagement, there would be a temporary deficiency, after those carried  in the  knapsacks
 had been exhausted, from  the difficulty of getting at the wagons in yvhich they were conveyed.  Ample accommodations in the
 way of ambulances and tents could be procured, but were not always available, from the fortunes of yvar.  At the battle of Fair
 Oaks, many of the wounded were attended in a house immediately behind the last line of battle.  My command not being
 engaged,  I was able  to render my services in that hospital.   I estimate the number I dressed at fifty.  The operations were
 there limited to those where immediate  surgical interference was necessary, such as the  extraction of balls and dressing of
 wounds.  A few amputations and excisions were  performed.   The majority  of injuries were inflicted by conoidal balls, round
 musket balls, and buckshot.  The necessity of keeping the roads open for the passage of troops, in the last four of the Seven days'
 battles, rendered the transportation of the wounded in  ambulances difficult.  Most of those able to yvalk found their way to
 hospitals in the rear; while those Avho were severely hurt  could  not be collected or carried from  the field, because the army
 retired after each engagement.  *  *  At the battle of Nelson's farm, I was  ordered to establish a hospital on the Charles City
 road, about half a mile from the field.  I had no supplies but such as  could  be carried in a hospital knapsack.  Nearly one
 hundred men, however, were there  dressed and attended to.  Water yvas plenty  and good.  *  *  At Nelson's farm, the
 approximate  strength of the artillerymen of the  Third Corps was tAvo  hundred and fifty men.   They were under fire of both
artillery and  musketry about three hours.  The casualties numbered twenty-three, mostly from small arms.  *  *  At Malvern
Hill, the hospitals were half  a mile in the rear.   The men present for duty in the artillery reserve of the Third Corps numbered
two hundred and fifteen.   There were but four casualties, two from round shot and iavo from conoidal musket balls.   *   *    * 
80                       APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
LXVIIL    Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.    By Assistant Kuro-eon
      ^. E. Waters, U. S. Army.

      *  #   *   a Qn  March  27th, 1882, the division of General  F. J. Porter, accompanied by the commander of the Third
Corps, General Heintzelman, made a reconnaissance to Big Bethel and beyond, the  advance proceeding nearly as fur as Lee's
Mill.  A feAV cavalry pickets were seen near Big Bethel, who rapidly retired  as our forces  approached.  The same day  the
enemy abandoned their works on the James River, beloyv Yorktown, and those between the river and the direct route to that
place.  The  division returned to camp near Hampton, and, on April 4th, led the  advance of the right yving of the army to
Yorktown, by way of Big Bethel.  When near Yorktown, a few shots were fired by  the enemy from a light battery within their
works at that place.  This fire was promptly responded to by one of our batteries, when the enemy fell back. No casualties
occurred on either side.  Our forces then advanced a few miles and bivouacked for the night, and, on the following day, marched
to the front  at Yorktown.  When within  about a mile of the fortification, the enemy commenced firing, to which our light
batteries replied, with little effect, however, in consequence of the long range.   The firing continued, at intervals, throughout
the day, and, in the brigades of General Martindale and General Morell, about five men were killed and twenty wounded.  The
casualties were all produced by artillery missiles; some by round shot and others by fragments of shell.  The division of General
Porter held  the  extreme right  of the line resting on York River, and the next Avas the  division of General Hamilton.  A
few earth works  were thrown up the first night, for the protection  of our batteries.  After bivouacking for two or three days in
the woods, our infantry retired to a camping ground not directly within the range of the  enemy's guns, and commenced the
work of building batteries, trenches, and roads.  This proved to be a work of great magnitude, and was continued uninterruptedly
for a month.  One of these batteries mounted 100 and 200-pound  Parrott guns, having,  in easy range, the enemy's yvorks,
both at Yorktown and Gloucester Point, opposite.  During the siege, occasional casualties were reported; but, considering the
number of men constantly at yvork, and the almost as constant firing by the enemy, our loss was very small indeed.   When our
formidable works were completed, the ordnance in them ready to open upon the enemy, after a night of the most terrific firing,
during which the missiles from the enemy's guns fell thick around our works and throughout our camps, the morning of May
4th, 1862, dawned upon the deserted fortifications of  Yorktown.  One of the most barbarous practices of civilized warfare was
adopted by the enemy, in placing on all the approaches to the abandoned fortifications numerous torpedoes, which, when trod
upon, exploded,  killing and wounding men and horses.  The barracks, houses,  tents, and streets of the deserted town exhibited
a most shameful  want of cleanliness, and the large number of graves in the vicinity bore  evidence of its effect upon the health
of the  troops.  The hospitals were found empty.   *  *  On May 27th, the division was engaged  in the battle of Hanover
Court-house.   The general condition of  the men, their health,  and power of endurance, together with their courage and
determination, were such as to cause their general  to expect much of them.   *  *  The strength of the  command I would
estimate  at thirteen thousand.   The  amount of medical supplies  was sufficient, but hospital stores yvere not so abundant,
as the command moved in light marching order yvithout any wagons.  Very suitable food was  procured from the  resources
of  the country,  and the wounded  received an abundance.  The fight yvas of short duration,  and ample accommodations
were  found  in houses in the immediate vicinity of  the field for  hospital purposes, and  the yvounded  received prompt and
proper attention.   Abundance of water and food were furnished,  and the  patients were not exposed to  cold or rains. The
wounded were removed on stretchers to the nearest hospitals, and in ambulances to those more remote.  The fire was principally
musketry at  ordinary range.  The smooth-bore musket was mostly used by the enemy.   The wounded were removed to hospital.
established to receive them in houses and  barns, near Gaines's Mill.  The casualties consisted of about sixty killed and about
two hundred wounded.  In addition to these, more  than a hundred badly wounded rebels fell  into our hands.  The  enemy
was routed.   On the next day, having accomplished  all the expedition was  intended to accomplish, yve fell back to camp,
removing all the wounded, both our own and those of the enemy.  * *   The battle of June  27th was fought late in the
afternoon, and the troops were yvell prepared for it, having eaten their rations, and  rested after the march of the morning.
Tbe men appeared willing to meet the enemy, and yvere sanguine of success.  * *  At Gaines's Mill, the  principal hospital
for the division was a large house about one-third of a mile in the rear of the line of battle.  *   *  At Malvern Hill, though
our soldiers  had lived for several days principally on hard bread, and were weary  from marching and loss of rest, when they
yvere brought to confront the enemy they displayed the bravery and determination which, with their regard for discipline,
made it one of the very best divisions in the army.  The strength  of the command was probably less than ten thousand of such
as could go  into action.  At Malvern  Hill, a hospital for the  corps was  established  about a mile and a half from the field,
and was abundantly supplied with soup, etc.   *   *   The wounded were much  exposed to a cold rain  after the battle at
Malvern.  *  *  They were removed to Harrison's Landing in ambulances, yvhere a shelter was soon improvised.  *  *  The
number of operations performed on the field during the Seven-days battle was comparatively few, as our forces were either
driven from their positions or abandoned  them for strategic purposes.  At Gaines's Mill, our troops were routed, after a battle
of two hours, and  at Malvern Hill the heat of the fight occurred late in  the afternoon.   Here  the enemy were handsomely
driven back, yet  our forces retired during the night, leaving many  wounded to fall into  the hands of the enemy.  Many medical
officers remained with them on both  battle fields.  *  * The official reports of these battles showed  four hundred and sixteen
killed, including  twenty officers, and eighteen hundred and seventy-one wounded, among whom were eighty-six officers, making
an aggregate of two thousand two hundred and  eighty-seven, or one-fourth, probably, of the effective strength of the division
Avhen it went into action on June 27th."     *       *      * 
REPORTS  OF SURGEONS  SPENCER AND  HAND.                            81
LXIX.   Extract from a Personal History of his Services during the War.   By Assistant Surgeon
     W. C.  Spencer, IT. S. Army.
     *  *  *  "On March, 1862, I Avas assigned to the 4th United States Infantry, in the regular division, and with it served
throughout the peninsular campaign.  *  *  The principal actions at which I have been present, and in which the division
of regular infantry yvas engaged, yvere those of Gaines's Mill and Malvern Hill.  In each of these engagements, I Avas detailed
with Surgeon  BigeloAV, U S. V.,  and Assistant Surgeon J. V. D. Middleton, U. S. A., for duty at the division field hospital.
The strength of the 4th Infantry yvas about four hundred and fifty men ; that of the division, from five to six thousand.  The
vwrale was excellent, and the  supplies of every description ample.  The yvounded yvere.attended by the medical  officers under
fire while  in each instance, the hospital Avas exposed to  artillery.  The yvounded men Avere removed  from  the field by an
organized body of litter-bearers and  ambulances.  The men yvere exposed to both artillery and musketry fire at short range,
and the  majority of  the  AA'ounds Avere produced by conical balls; feyv, by the round ball or buckshot.  After the battle of
Gaines's  Mill,  the yvounded of the division Avere conveyed  in charge of a medical officer to the  hospital at  Savage's  Station,
where most of them subsequently fell into the hands of the enemy.  After the action at Malvern  Hill, they were sent, upon
receiving surgical attendance,  to Harrison's Landing, and  placed on board of transports.   Their condition, upon their arrival,
yvas, in general, remarkably good, and this principally attributable to good surgery, and to the free use of brandy, beef essence, and
anodynes at the hospital, and in the ambulances.  In each of these engagements, I performed a large number of operations.
Thev included but feyv excisions.  I  employed an anaesthetic in every case yvhich required it. No accident was observed to
result from the use of chloroform.  Throughout the campaign, the division was the most healthy one, I believe, in the army, and
this was  almost entirely due  to the severity yvith which the sanitary measures of the medical officers yvere enforced."  *  *   *
 LXX.  Extracts from a Narrative of his  Services  in  the Medical Staff.   By Surgeon D. W.
      Hand,  U. S. Volunteers.
      *  *   *  "Iyvas  appointed brigade surgeon of volunteers, December 30th, 1861, and ordered to report to Brigadier
 General Gorman, commanding a brigade in the Second Corps.  *  *  During tbe month of April, 1832, I was yvith the brigade
 in front of Yorktoyvn.  There Avas no  formal battle, but yve had a feyv men Avounded every day by conical balls from sharp-
 shooters.  These were conveyed to a  corps hospital  in  tbe rear, Avhen  their  yvounds Avere dressed, and whence  they were
 transferred to hospital steamers on York River.   *  *  On May 31st and June 1st, I was actively engaged at the battle of Fair
 Oaks.  General Sumner's corps fought on the right of the York River railroad, and maintained  its position throughout.  Two
 field hospitals Avere established by Surgeon J. F. Hammond, U. S. A., medical director of the corps.  The hospital immediately
 on the field yvas placed under my charge, and the other, half a mile in the rear, under charge of Surgeon J. A. Lidell, U. S. V.
 The wounded yvere brought to these depots rapidly on stretchers and extemporized litters.  Large numbers of Confederate
 wounded were brought to the hospital under my charge, and were cared for the same  as our own, two captured medical officers
 being assigned to the  particular charge of them.  All the major operations yvere performed by experienced surgeons designated
 for the purpose, and tyvo assistant surgeons Avere kept constantly  engaged looking after food and shelter for the Avounded.  A
 large number of amputations of  the thigh were here performed.   No excisions Avere made.  Chloroform Avas used in all cases,
 I believe, and with no injurious effect.  There Avas no lack of surgical appliances and medicine, but, OAving to the  rise of the
 Chickahominy,  after our corps crossed, there Avas a great scarcity  of provisions, and  the wounded Avere in danger of dying for
 want of sustenance.   At the suggestion of Medical Director Hammond, I had tAvo cavalry  horses killed and made into soup
 for them.  This, Avith the  addition of small quantities of rice and salt  that I was  enabled to get from the ambulance and
 ammunition wagons,  made a very nutritious diet.  Water Avas abundant.  The wounded were sheltered, as far as possible, in
 the farm houses and barns, and under rude sheds of boards and boughs of trees; but many Avere exposed to the rain the second
 night after the  battle.  We had no hospital tents.  All the ambulances of the Second  Corps Avere under my direction, and
 were sufficient in number.  As the roads yvere in so bad a condition, and we could for several  days get no cars to the nearest
 Btation on the railroad, the men Avere not removed to White House until four or five days after the action.  They yvere placed on
 board hospital boats and sent to Philadelphia, and elsewhere.   My brigade of four regiments, and at that time about tyvo thousand
 ueven hundred  strong,  lost forty-four killed and two  hundred  wounded.  They Avere exposed to musketry fire at short
 range, and yvere mainly injured  by conical balls.  *  *  During  the retreat, at Peach Orchard, Savage's Station, White Oak
 Syvamp, and Malvern Hill, Ave encountered the fire  of the enemy's  infantry and artillery, and drove them back.  As our
 men would fall they  yvere carried to convenient depots, their wounds dressed, and then left under charge of certain  detailed
 assistant surgeons each evening as we continued to retreat.   Several medical officers of my  brigade absented themselves from
 their regiments during the Avhole of this movement. The ambulances also were badly managed, and of no use to us.  The loss
 in my brigade,  during the  retreat, Avas sixteen killed and  sixty wounded.  *  *  I was  relieved from duty with  General
 Gorman's  brigade at  Harrison's  Landing, and  took charge of the brick  hospital, near the wharf, for ten  days.  I Avas then
 ordered to report to General Sedgwick, and, on July 24th, 1862, I was sent by order of General McClellan to take charge of
 the general hospital  at  Newport News, Virginia.  I assumed charge  there on July 27th, and immediately made preparations
 for the reception of patients from the Army of the Potomac.   During  the month of August, patients Avere sent to me  in large
 numbers, and I had at one time as many as two thousand patients.   Old barracks and barns were the buildings used, and, as
 everything required Avas allowed me,  the sick and wounded were made quite comfortable.   Many of the sick had chronic
 diarrhoea,  and, as it became confirmed in many cases, and frequently fatal, it was thought best to discharge a great many of these
 men.  No epidemic prevailed at the hospital, and most of the patients did well.   On October 30,1862, this hospital was closed,
 and the remaining patients and attendants yvere  sent to the  general hospital at Hampton.  On  November 4th, I was ordered
to Suffolk, as medical director  of the forces commanded by General Peck.  This command varied from  fifteen thousand to
thirty-five thousand men during the next six months, and was kept on active duty, in throAving up intrencbments and making
       11 
82
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—PENINSULAR  CAMPAIGN.
excursions to the BlackAvater River, and into North Carolina.  During the winter, we had many yvounded at various times    ri
took care of them all at the regimental hospitals in and about Suffolk.   These cases nearly- all did yvell.
      On January 30, 1863, yve had a brisk fight yvith the Confederate forces under General Pryor, at Deserted  House ah
Newport News, and for three  hours received a heavy artillery fire.   During this engagement, Ave had twentv-four men' killed
and eighty yvounded.   The men, after their yvounds yvere dressed and the necessary operations performed,'were sent to th
regimental hospitals  in Suffolk.   All  the amputations did Avell, except one amputation at the shoulder joint.   In  this case the
parts yvere so badly torn by a shell that it yvas difficult to make a sufficient flap.  The stump sloughed, and' secondary hamiorrhaffe
from the axillary artery resulted on the seventh day, yvhen  the subclavian artery was immediately tied. No blood followed
the scalpel  in  this operation,  and the artery yvas secured yvithout  having occasion  to  use  the  sponge.  Under the best
supporting treatment,  the  patient  revived for a time, hut  the yvound made in tying  the artery sloughed as yvell as the stump
and the patient died  from exhaustion, twenty-eight days after the reception of the injury, and twenty-one days  after ligating
the artery''."      *       *      *

LXXL   Extracts from a Narrative of his  Services in the Medical  Staff.   By Assistant Suro-eon
      J. V. D. Middleton, U.  S. Army.

                " On the  28th of May, 1862, I was ordered to report to the medical  director of the Army of the Potomac, and
upon  my arrival at White House,  Virginia, telegraphed to Surgeon Tripler, U. S. A., that I Avould not be able  to obtain
transportation so as to report to him in person yvithin forty-eight hours.  He directed me to remain there until further orders
and to assist in taking care of the wounded, then arriving in great number from the battle of Fair Oaks.  After  these were all
shipped, which occupied about ten days,  I  received an  order  to report, without  delay, to  General  Sykes,  for duty yvith the
batteries of his division, companies  L  and M of the Third and I of the Fifth U.  S. Artillery.
      After the battles of Gaines's Mill and Malvern Hill, in both of yvhich yve  were engaged, we marched  to Harrison's
Landing and encamped.   On the 1st of August, I was relieved by Assistant Surgeon S. Adams, U. S. A., and transferred to the
second  brigade of the artillery reserve,  Avhere I had charge of five batteries of light artillery.  On  the night of the  16th of
August, yve broke up  camp and  moved to Hampton, Virginia, which place we reached on the 20th.  After remaining there
several  days, yve embarked on transports for Aquia Creek.  From there, Ave marched  to Falmouth,  yvhere Ave remained  until
the evacuation of Fredericksburg by our troops.  We next  proceeded to Alexandria,  Virginia,  and  from thence  marched into
Maryland, through Frederick City, and engaged in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam.  In the reorganization of the
army, which took place at about this time,  two batteries of the reserve yvere transferred to General Burnside's Ninth Corps, and
I was ordered yvith them.  After remaining six weeks at Pleasant Valley, Maryland,  we crossed the Potomac at Berlin, and
proceeded by rapid marches to Warrenton, Virginia.  On the 14th of November, I was relieved by Assistant Surgeon Pooley,
U. S. A., and  was directed to report to Surgeon R. O. Abbott, U.  S. A., assistant  medical director Army of  the Potomac,
Washington, D. C, in whose office I have remained until  the present date.  The command, in yvhich I served during nearly the
whole of the Peninsula and Maryland campaigns, yvas composed of batteries numbering eight officers and  two  hundred and
sixty men.  All the  batteries were engaged at the battle of Gaines's Mill and Malvern  Hill; but at South Mountain and
Antietam  only  one of them yvas in action.   *  *  The command yvas  ahvays very yvell  supplied yvith medicines and hospital
stores,  Avhich were in good condition, as Avere  also the  ambulances  and hospital  tents.  The  yvounded were first  hurriedly
examined, immediately in the  rear  of the  batteries, just  back of  the caissons;  but as the field  hospitals yvere usually near at
hand, they were conveyed thither without delay, by means of hand stretchers.  Water Avas not  easily obtained on the field in
the peninsula battles, but the field hospitals were usually very well supplied from Avehs and springs in the neighborhood of the
houses  selected.  Of Soyer's soup and hard bread there yvas  almost always a sufficient supply.  *  *  The majority of wounds
that came under my observation in the field, as in the field hospital, yvere caused  by the conoidal ball.   Our loss at Gaines's Mill
and Malvern Hill was six killed and tyventy-one wounded; at Antietam, only three  slightly wounded.  I did not perform any
operations on the field, as there was no necessity for immediate action in any case that came directly under my charge.  Two
cases of compound fracture of the lower extremity which occurred at Gaines's Mill, and one at Malvern, were all that required
amputation;  and these yvere  performed  during the day at the field hospital.  The other cases were comparatively slight,
requiring  simply cold yvater dressings.  At Gaines's Mill, as yvell as at Malvern, our wounded were captured by  the enemy, in
whose hands they remained for over a yveek, after yvhich they were transported by steamers from  City Point to general hospitals
in Washington.  Of the three wounded at Antietam, one of them, a flesh wound of the arm, was furloughed by order of General
Burnside.  The others remained with the  battery, and were treated in my hospital  tent. At  the close of each engagement, I
visited the field hospitals, and, by invitation of the surgeons in charge, assisted in the many operations that yvere made, including
a great number of amputations and excisions.  Chloroform and sulph. ether were both used as anaesthetics;  the  former, in the
majority of cases.  I  did not observe a single death from its administration."
LXXIL   Extract from  a Narrative of his Services  in  the Medical Staff.   By Surgeon John
      W. Foye, U. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *   "I entered  the  service on May 13th,  1861, as assistant surgeon of the 11th Massachusetts Infantry, which
reached the front in time to participate in the  battle of Manassas.   The troops were new and  unaccustomed to marching, and
had accomplished only sixty miles in six days, one  of which yvas passed in bivouac.  They occupied the extreme right of the
line, and Avere engaged at about eleven o'clock A. M., numbering seven hundred and fifty bayonets, driving the enemy till about

     * This refers to the case of Private Augustus Reed, Co. B, 6th Massachusetts Volunteers, which is fully described by Surgeon Otis M. Humphrey,
I. S. A .. in an article entitled: "Remarks on axillary and subclavian ligations."  American Medical Times, Vol. viii, p. 161,  April, 1864.—Eos. 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  J.  W. FOYE,  U.  8.  V.
83
two o'clock in the afternoon, up to which time the Confederate wounded at the hospital station nearly equaled our oyvn.  The
regiment was accompanied yvith one ambulance well provided with stimulants and surgical appliances, but without medicines or
tents.  The field hospital yvas established about a quarter of a mile from the  front line yvhen yve engaged, but late in the day it
was three-quarters of a mile in the rear.   There yvere four capital operations at this hospital.  Wounds, unaccompanied by fracture,
were treated by extracting balls when practicable, and the application of water dressings.  The hospital was located one hundred
yards from Sedley's Ford, yvhere an abundance of muddy Avater could be obtained, but no food of any description.  The yveather
was fine on July 21st.   On the following day, about six in the morning, it commenced raining.  Until two in the afternoon, but
feyv yvounded yvere brought off by their comrades; but later it yvas not unusual to find a flesh wound escorted by half a dozen able
men.  It is needless to say that they did not return  to the field.   The enemy's fire yvas chiefly from musketry, continuous, and ot
short range;  missiles from smooth-bore muskets predominated.   At three in  the afternoon, a medical officer of rank, visited this
hospital on his yvay to the rear, and left it optional with the medical officers at this hospital station to join him or to remain.  A
feyv, Surgeon  Luther V. Bell,  11th Massachusetts Volunteers, Dr. Curtis, a  civilian  surgeon, and Chaplain Parker, of  the 2d
New Hampshire Volunteers, remained until six in the afternoon, yvhen all the wounded capable of moving had, at that time,  been
sent off to the rear.  Nearly all the surgeons left us at about half past three P. m.  Three ambulances went away at that time.
The only remaining ambulance, belonging to my regiment, yvas captured at about half past  five, within a hundred yards of tbe
hospital.  I estimate the number of yvounded left at about one hundred and eighty. All of them fell into the hands of the enemy.
I saw no excisions practiced.   The major amputations, four in  number, yvere by the circular  method.  The  casualties in the
regiment to which I Avas attached yvere thirteen killed and forty-five wounded.  The large proportion of killed indicate the range
at which we engaged.  * *  On November 6th, the regiment moved to Budd's Ferry, on the lower Potomac, Avhere we passed the
winter of 1861-62.  While here, the regiment was  recruited to the  maximum standard, and the men attained a fine degree ol
proficiency in drill and discipline; they Avere constantly on the alert;  the rebel batteries on  the opposite bank  kept their minds
employed, and but little sickness prevailed.  We lost but one man by disease during the five months we  remained at this post.
On April 6th, the  command embarked for the Peninsula, and  debarked on the 10th, near YorktoAvn.   On April 23d, I was
commissioned surgeon of the regiment.  On April 26th, at ten p. M., I received an order to get in readiness to accompany a
storming  party in an  attack  to be made  at  daybreak.    The party consisted of  two  companies of the 1st Massachusetts
Volunteers as stormers, and three companies of my oavii regiment as sappers.  The  redoubt to be  carried was protected at the
rear by a syvamp, and overlooked a plain of six hundred yards extent, skirted  by Avoods.  The stormers, under cover of the night,
obtained a position in the edge of the woods facing the  redoubt.  The attack  was  made at daAvn.  The attacking party, one
hundred and fifty strong, moved forward in line of battle at double quick, receiving one volley from the enemy at seventy yards,
and, before they could reload, occupied the work, yvhich was levelled by the sappers in tAventy minutes.  We captured twenty
one prisoners, armed Avith the Austrian  rifle.  There yvere six killed and tAventy-three Avounded, who yvere brought off on
muskets, under a cross fire of artillery from an adjacent yvork.  They were taken to one of the hospital steamers on York River,
near the camp.  On May 4th, at noon, the regiment formed in column to pursue the  enemy, Yorktown having been evacuated
during the previous night.  We marched  till eleven at night and bivouacked.  At daylight on May 5th, we marched one  mile,
and came in front of Fort Magruder and the redoubts before Williamsburg.  The regiment numbered about nine hundred,  rank
and file, in excellent condition, and attacking a retreating foe.  We  yvere destitute of ambulances, stores, or tents, having made
a forced march.  The surgical appliances Avere very limited.  The field hospital at Avhich I served was located on the Yorktoyvn
road, half a mile in the rear of the line of battle.  The wounded were attended as fast as they arrived.  Seven capital operations
were performed.   Shelter tents were  pitched for the reception of the wounded.  We Avere destitute of food, but  water was
plenty enough, as it rained nearly all day.  The wounded Avere  taken  to the field hospital on stretchers made by the pioneers
of poles and blankets, the  regimental  drum corps acting as bearers.  At about two,  in the afternoon, the ambulances arrived,
and the yvounded were taken to the nearest house, one and a half miles distant.  The  character of the fire yvas continuous till
dark, and mostly from musketry  at common range.  The balls  extracted yvere mostly conoidal, and the bone injuries were of a
very severe character.  On May 7th, the wounded were  taken  in  ambulances to Cheesman's Creek, and  there embarked on
hospital transports.  There were no excisions.  The amputations  of the thigh and upper arm Avere by the  circular method,
and by the flap in the forearm and leg. In my regiment, there Avere tyvelve  killed and  sixty-five wounded.
      The initiatory fight of the Seven days' battles commenced at about  ten  in the forenoon.   The scene of the fight was
three-quarters of a mile in front of General Casey's battle ground at Seven  Pines.   The brigade advanced in line of battle at
half-past nine in the forenoon, and met the enemy strongly posted in the woods.  The firing was desultory on both sides, and
continued from ten in the morning till five in the afternoon, at about which time the enemy yvas dislodged and Ave  occupied the
western edge of the battle ground, having advanced half a mile during the fight.   The strength  of the command  composing
the brigade  had been much reduced by disease.   The morale was good.  The  approximate strength for duty in the brigade of
five regiments was twenty-five hundred.  The proximity of the brigade encampment to the field  of battle gave us an abundant
supply of every thing necessary for the comfort of  the wounded. The field  hospital  was within half rifle shot of our line at the
commencement of the fight, which distance Avas gradually widened by the falling back  of the  enemy.  The wounded Avere
brought from tbe woods on hand stretchers, borne by the several regimental bands and drum corps, to the field hospital, where
they received the attention  that the nature of their injuries demanded.  Those  cases requiring  amputation were immediately
operated  upon.  The lire  was from musketry, desultory, lasting seven hours.  The missiles used yvere principally conoidal
musket balls.  After the firing had nearly ceased, ambulances Avere brought  doAvn, and all the wounded were taken to Savage's
Station for transportation to White House, on the York River.   Chloroform  was used, and no bad results were observed.   The
killed and yvounded numbered three hundred and tyventy-five.   At  Savage's Station  on June 29th, the trains, with commissary
stores and camp equipage, were  ordered  to be destroyed, and a train, yvith such yvounded as could be  moved, yvas started at
daylight.  The sick of my command accompanied this train.  Later in the morning, the regiment fell back to Savage's  Station,
about two miles from the line we had occupied, and took a position  to cover  the retreat.   About nine in the forenoon, the enemy
brought up their field artillery.  The  engagement was  one of artillery exclusively.  It lasted about  three hours.  At two, in 
81                        APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—PENINSULAR  CAMPAIGN.

the afternoon, the right of our army having crossed the position we yvere ordered to maintain, the division of General Hooker
to yvhich my regiment was attached, retreated.  Such of the wounded as yvere unable to march fell into the bauds of the enemy
I have never seen an estimate, but judge it to have been about thirty-five killed and seventy-five yvounded.  The supports we're
very strongly disposed in front of our batteries, and quite a number of our men were killed by the  premature 'bursting of one
of our shells.  The regiment with which I Avas then serving had seven men Avounded;  none seriously.  They yvere all brought
off, and put on the train the following morning.   They reached Harrison's Landing  on July 1st,  and yvere transferred to an
hospital transport steamer on September 1st.  Five of them had rejoined the command.  On  June 30th, the battle of Glendale
was fought.  The men were much worn  doyvn  from want of rest, but yvere yvell in hand, and  not  dispirited.  The 11th
Massachusetts Volunteers  numbered about six hundred.  The supplies yvere  limited to those  articles carried in the haversacks
of the hospital attendants.   The field  hospital yvas  at the Quaker Church,  half a mile  from the scene of the fight.   There was
good yvater near the hospital, and the yveather was fine.  We were without food other than that contained in haversacks.  The
wounded Avere removed on stretchers  and by the regimental bands.  The fight opened at three in the afternoon yvith artillery,
the enemy attacking.  The infantry soon after engaged, and the firing was  rapid and  continuous,  terminating at dark in the
repulse of the enemy.  We occupied the field all night, and brought off all our own and most of the enemy's wounded.  *  *
Two surgeons Avere detailed to remain with those unable to  accompany the column.   A few ambulances Avere procured and
loaded for the river, about five miles distant.   The Avhole number of our brigade left at the hospital was about one hundred and
fifty.   No primary capital operations  yvere performed.  Water dressings were  applied in most cases, and  the patients  were
directed to proceed to the river, if able to yvalk.  Few anaesthetics yvere used; yve had scarcely any chloroform, and our supply
of bandages yvas exhausted before the wounded were all attended to.   In  my regiment, there were seventeen Avounded;  none
killed.  A sister regiment on the right, the 1st Massachusetts Volunteers, lost heavily, fifty, in killed and wounded.  At about
half-past four in the afternoon we retreated four miles, reaching Malvern Hill at six on the morning of July 1st, and received
rations.  At nine o'clock, the regiment was detached from the division and taken to the extreme right, as  supports to a  battery
then engaged.  The position was an excellent one, in a deep valley, strengthened by a small stream in front, and finely yvooded.
While the sanguinary battle of Malvern yvas being fought, one mile to the left, the regiment, having established its  picket lines,
bathed by detail, and obtained the sleep and rest they so much needed.  The battery they supported lost, in killed and wounded,
nine men, mostly from shell wounds.  At daylight on July 2d, the enemy having been  again  repulsed, yve fell in  and reached
Harrison's Landing at half-past tyvo  in the afternoon.  The wounded artillerymen yvere brought off on  gun  carriages and
caissons.  The killed yvere buried yvhere they fell.  General Hooker's division, to yvhich we yvere attached, broke camp at four
in the  afternoon, and, making a detour, entered Charles City road, three miles  from the summit of Malvern, a little  after
midnight, and here rested until daybreak.   The column advanced, under an artillery fire, and occupied the hill.  The troops
yvere in excellent condition,  and had such  confidence in their commander that their success seemed assured.  The regiment
numbered about six hundred;  the yvhole division about five thousand five hundred men.   There Avas a good supply of medicines
and stores, and a good train of ambulances.   The fight lasted one hour, yvhen the enemy being dislodged, yve occupied his
headquarters, yvhere we found good yvater, shelter from the sun, and every convenience for preparing food necessary for a field
hospital.  The wounded were removed on  stretchers from the field, and from thence, in ambulances,  to the landing,  but not until
their wounds had been carefully dressed.  Artillery Avas the only arm used against us.  A few shell wounds yvere treated, but the
larger proportion of the injuries yvere from case shot.  The enemy opened with their artillery at six hundred yards, to Avhich
yve replied.   Their fire soon slackened, and our infantry yvas advanced and formed in brigade line, about tvvo hundred yards
from the enemy's guns, at which distance Ave received their last fire. The wounded were all sent to Harrison's Bar, and there
transferred to the hospital boats, reaching their destination on the afternoon of the  fight.  I  saw but little  service at the field
hospital, and am unable to give  the  nature of the operations.   I accompanied the cavalry in pursuit of the, enemy.  In my
regiment, there yvere tAvo killed and seven Avounded.  I never saAV the report of the division loss, and have no data on which to
form an estimate.  We occupied the field that night."      *       * -      *


LXXIII.   Report of the   Operations of  the  Medical  Staff of General Sedgwick's Division of
      the  Second  Army  Corps at the Battle of Fair  Oaks.  By Surgeon John A. Lidell, U.  S.
      Volunteers.
      " On Saturday, May 31st, 1862, General Sedgwick's division, belonging to General Sumner's corps, was encamped on
the north side of the Chickahominy River, near Tyler's house.  Early in the afternoon, Ave heard heavy firing of both artillery
and infantry across the river, in the direction of the position occupied by General Keyes's corps at Seven Pines and Fair Oaks.
About  three in the afternoon, we received orders to move immediately to the support of General Keyes, who was reported to
be badly handled by the enemy, yvho yvere engaging him whh superior numbers.   We started yvithout delay, and crossed the
Chickahominy by a rude bridge yvhich had recently been constructed of logs by the troops,  under orders of General Sumner.
The bridge yvas designated  the Grape-vine bridge.  The river was much swollen by recent rains, and was reported to be still
rising.  After crossing the bottom, Avhich yvas quite broad on the south side of the river, we ascended the bluff to Trent's house,
and then marched past Golding's,  and past Courtney's Rock Hill farm, to his brother's place, yvhere we found some of  General
Couch's men in  position.   General Sedgyvick's division yvas immediately deployed into line of battle, and, ten minutes after
arriving on the ground, the action  commenced by the enemy's firing  upon  our right, at about six o'clock in  the evening.
Battery I, 1st United States Artillery,  only one section of which had arrived, was immediately wheeled into position.  Another
section came up in a little yvhile.  The enemy did not use artillery, but he endeavored to capture our guns yvith the bayonet, but
was repulsed Avith great slaughter.  Lieutenant Kirby, commanding the battery, fired nothing but  canister at short range, and
fully avenged the disaster  his battery, then known  as  Rickets's,  had suffered at Bull Run. The battle, Avhich was fought
mainly by infantry, was terribly magnificent for the numbers engaged.  The sharp, rattling crash of the musketry, firing rapidly 
REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS LIDELL  AND  BLISS.
85
bv battalions, the  tongues of flame and smoke leaping forth  from the long lines of infantry,  made  it a scene of grandeur
unsurpassed.  At dark, the firing ceased, and General Sedgyvick's division had repulsed the enemy at all points.   The men lay
on their arms that night, expecting the battle to be reneyved in  the morning.   During the night, General Richardson's division
of the Second Corps, yvhich had crossed the Ghickahoiiiiny by another bridge, and marched by a different road, came up  to
our support.  In this action, General  Sedgyvick's division suffered a loss of fifty-four killed and tyvo hundred and eighty-two
wounded.  I  took Courtney's house at Rock Hill for a hospital.  There I found a yvell, yvhich afforded an abundant supply ot
excellent yvater.  All our yvounded yvere dressed and  made comfortable before midnight.  A large number of the yvounded
belonging to  General Couch's and General  Casey's  division of General Keyes's corps also fell into our hands.  On Sunday,
June 1st, the battle yvas reneAved.  The fighting, on our part, yvas done  by General Richardson's division, noyv engaged for the
first time.  A large number of the yvounded yvere brought to my hospital.   I filled  the  house, the bains, and the sheds yvith
them and those received before, and  then placed others .in the yard, under the trees and  in their shade.  I think General
Richardson's division suffered a loss of about five hundred killed and yvounded.   The wounds Avere inflicted mainly by the old
round bullet and buckshot cartridge.  There was, hoyvever, a  goodly number of wounds made by the conical bullet; but the
majority yvere inflicted by the former missiles.  During Saturday night, the bridges across the Chickahominy yvere carried away
by the swollen yvaters, and our communication yvith  the ambulance train and with  our base of supplies yvere destroyed.   Our
wounded were likely to suffer for yvant of subsistence, on that account, on Sunday morning.  A quantity of freshly killed horse
meat yvas furnished by order of Surgeon J. F. Hammond, U. S. A., medical director of the Second Army Corps.   I discovered
and seized a quantity of salt and corn meal at Courtney's.   Doctor Harris, chaplain of the 106th Pennsylvania Volunteers,
having offered his sendees for the purpose, I put him in charge of the cooking and the furnishing of subsistence to the yvounded.
He discharged that duty greatly to my satisfaction and to tbe  advantage of  tbe yvounded all the while the hospital  remained
open.  The next  day, Monday June  2d, I  obtained a  plentiful  supply of fresh beef of good quality from the neighborhood.
Rations began to arrive on the ground, and  yve yvere no longer anxious on the  subject of subsistence.   The fresh meat made
excellent soup and beef tea.   The boiled meat, both  horse and beef, was also eaten yvith much relish, apparently.  A sufficient
supply of dressings, anodynes, and stimulants had been  brought along yvith us in the hospital knapsacks.  For the purpose
of economizing tbe labor of the medical staff as much as possible, I made a detail of medical officers early on Sunday morning,
to attend exclusively to the performance of  the capital operations at my hospital.   I placed  them in charge of Surgeon A. A.
Dougherty, U. S. V.  The arrangement yvorked much to my satisfaction.  The operating room yvas a shed, entirely open on one
side and partly open on another side, made so by removing some boards, so as to secure a free circulation of air.  An unhinged
door made an operating table.   Tyventy-eight minor amputations were performed at this hospital, and many of the lesser
amputations.  About eight hundred cases of yvounded  passed  through our hands.   The hospital was  kept open till  Saturday
morning, June 7th, yvhen  the  last of the  wounded Avere  sent doAvn  to the  White House  by railroad.  Chloroform  Avas
administered in all the capital operations.   One death occurred,  yvhich I  think may be fairly attributed to it.   A soldier,
belonging to General Richardson's division, yvas  placed on the  table for the purpose of undergoing amputation of the thigh for
gunshot fracture of the  femur, Avith much comminution in the neighborhood  of the knee joint.  I saw him after he yvas placed
upon the table, and then noticed that  his general condition yvas good.  At  that moment, I  yvas called away, as my presence
had become necessary in another part of the establishment.   On returning  a short time afterwards, I found, to my surprise,
that the man yvas dead.  On inquiry, I learned  that, while inhaling the chloroform, he had suddenly become pale, pulseless,
and ceased to breathe, dying on the operating table Avhile the  amputation was going on.   As the patient did not  belong to my
command, and his regimental surgeon Avas present, and wished to  operate upon and take care of him, I am not so thoroughly
informed upon all the points of his case as I would  otherwise have been.   He yvas operated on after  the officers detailed for
amputations had got through with their special duty, and had been sent about other duty.
                                                                (Signed)            JOHN A. LIDELL,
                                                                                                 Surgeon U.  S. F."
Surgeon C. S. Tripler, U. S. A.,
                Medical Director Army of Potomac.
 LXXIV.   Second Extract from a  Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Surgeon
      Zenas  E. Bliss, U.  S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  " I was mustered into service on May 10th, 1861, as assistant surgeon of the 3d Michigan Volunteers.  The
 regiment remained in the state  encampment one month and seven day3, and was in crowded barracks;  and over one hundred
 cases of measles occurred  during this time, some very severe cases, but only one proved fatal, and that  not until the  lapse of
 several months' protracted pulmonary inflammation.  None of the  cases were marked by anything unusual;  but all  suffered
 from bronchial irritation.  The ordinary treatment consisted in the mild aperient early in the disease, frequent sponging of the
 surface,  mucilaginous drinks, tablespoonful  doses of a  solution of three grains of tartarized antimony,  and two grains ot
 morphia in three pints  of water, administered every tAvo hours for the first few days, after yvhich quinine, wine whey,  milk
 punch, beef tea, and a supporting treatment were employed.  Many of the convalescent cases had mumps, and several cases of
 metastasis occurred, but yvithout serious results.  Warm  anodyne fomentations to tbe testes and parotid  glands generally gave
 relief.   *  *   At the end of June, 1861, the regiment moved to Washington, and encamped near the Chain Bridge.  The duties
 were daily drill, and work on  the fortifications about Washington.  There yvas much diarrhoea while in camp, which yvas
 attributed to the yvater,  diet, and the great changes of temperature, the days being very yvarm and the nights cold.  *     The
regiment was attached to General Berry's brigade, of General Kearney's division, of  the Third Army Corps, and arrived at
Fort Monroe on March  20th, 1852, and shortly after moved to Yorktoyvn, and encamped  in a thick woods, intermingled with
patches of swamp and pools of  yvater, the ground  being  covered Avith fragments of fallen trees and decaying vegetable matter. 
86
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—PENINSULAR  CAMPAIGN.
Water could be obtained only by digging holes from tAvo and a half to three feet in depth, and the surface yvater obtained fro
these yvas all that the men had.  The regiment remained in this camp about five weeks, and was doing picket and fatigue dut
on trenches and fortifications all that time.   A feyv intermittent,  and remittents occurred, as also  about forty cases of tynho" 1
fever, all very severe, marked by epistaxis tympanitis, and, after a few days, haemorrhage from the boAvels, the blood hem
evidently impoverished.  Several of these  cases proved fatal.   *   *  One case of typhus, marked by hremorrhno-e from the
nose and boAvels,  and with petechias and hemorrhagic spots on the surface, occurred in the regiment and proved fatal.   All of
these patients had active, supporting treatment throughout.  The sick were cared for at a hospital, about a mile and a half to
the rear, composed of log  huts or barracks, built and formerly occupied by the 53d Virginia Volunteers (Confederate), upon a
sandy soil, yvhere Ave obtained an abundance of excellent well Avater.  These barracks yvere yvell ventilated, and  accommodated
a large number of sick and yvounded from both the regulars and volunteers.  I saw all of the sick and what few yvounded there
were at  this hospital, and had immediate charge of very many sick yvho were members of various regiments; and nearly all of
the cases yvere either low remittents or typhoid fever.  I say remittents,  because some of them  might be easily classed as such-
but I believed then, as noyv,  that they were almost invariably pure enteric fever.   I held autopsies of  all  that died who were
under my charge, six in number.  No post  mortem was held on the case of typhus.  All the deaths from typhoid fever occurred
late in the course  of the disease, and the majority from haemorrhages from the bowels, one from  coma, and the others  apparently
from pure exhaustion.   The abdominal viscera were  those principally examined.   Peyeris glands were found in each case in a
state of ulceration ; some very large ulcers; some healing yvhile others yvere in an inflamed condition.  Some of the  ulcerations
extended nearly through the coats of the intestines.   I preserved the specimens  in each case, but subsequently lost them during
the campaign.  The small intestines, through  their entire length, gave evidence of previous inflammatory action ; but  all  the
other abdominal viscera gave no evidence of either organic  or serious functional disease, and the  soft parts and glands, when
divided with the scalpel, seemed to be almost exsanguined.  I wish the blood could have heen analyzed,  because I feel confident
that the primary trouble was there.   In cases of epistaxis, the blood gave only a faint coloring to  the spots on linen, and it did
not give to the linen that stiffened feel that we get when it is saturated with ordinary blood, from both of yvhich I infer that the
blood yvas deficient in plasma and coloring matter, or defibrinated.   In these cases, quinine, brandy, ammonia, and small doses
of opium were given yvith a vieyv to support the patient.   Essence of beef  and beef tea, of good quality, and in abundance, yvas
furnished  and given.  The supply of medicines at this time was  ample, but at times we were deficient in hospital stores. *  *
On May 5th,  during a heavy rain storm, the division arrived within four miles of Williamsburg, and the roads being uninten-
tionally blockaded with artillery and wagons, so that an ambulance could not get through, I ordered eight of the hospital corps
to take from the transport wagon the field stretchers, instruments, chloroform, bandages, brandy, candles, and lanterns, and yvas
enabled to render service to  a large  number of the wounded, the  ambulances not arriving on the field until the  next day, May
6th, at one o'clock p. m.  On the evening of the 5th, by direction of Surgeon J. J. Milhau, U. S. A.,  medical  director of the
corps, I erected an extemporaneous table, in a large frame barn, situated about one mile in the rear of the  battlefield. During
the evening and night of the 5th, by the valuable assistance of Doctor Sparks, a volunteer surgeon from Boston, we dressed the
wounds of over eighty officers and soldiers.   Among the operations performed were one amputation of the foot, and two
amputations of the  arm.   Surgeon Milhau, U. S. A.,  being present early in the  evening,  kindly performed one of these.
There were also one amputation of  the forearm and one of the hand, besides a number of cases which required  the  removal of
the yvhole or a portion  of one  cr more fingers.  The yvounds were mostly received by musketry.  On Tuesday afternoon, I
dressed wounds of both Union and Confederate soldiers, at a barrack near Fort  Magruder, and on Wednesday,  May 8th, I
dressed Avounded of both  armies in a church and at William  and Mary College in Williamsburg.   I am not able to recall  the
number of capital operations which I performed during the tAvo  days; but, as near as I can remember, tyvo amputations of the
leg, one of the arm,  and one of the  thigh, at the junction of the middle Avith the upper third.   The patient on whom the latter
operation  was practiced survived only thirty-six hours.  No exsections were performed under my observation.  A number of
bullets were extracted.  I believe I dressed the yvounds of about  two hundred at this battle.  The supply of soup and food was
very deficient during the  first tAventy-four hours, because  the roads Avere in such condition that the supply trains could not
move up.   Pack mules yvould have been of great service here.  Indeed, we sent footmen back  to meet the trains, and bring up
hard biscuit, sugar, and coffee.  The wounded  yvere removed, on May 7th,  in ambulances.  Some few, seriously wounded, were
carried  on field stretchers to York River, a distance of some seven miles, and  placed aboard  of  transports.  Chloroform was
given in all capital, and other severe operations.  Twenty-five days after the battle of Williamsburg, the  regiment arrived at
Savage's Station.   During this time, one officer and eighteen men with fever yvere sent north on a hospital  transport.  On May
31st, the battle of Fair Oaks Avas fought.   *   *  Early in the engagement, I established a field depot near the field of action;
but later in the day, I moved back  to Savage's Station.   For the triple reason of securing an abundance of good yvater, better
security for the yvounded, as well as to have them near the railroad  station for removal after operations, I established a depot,
erected  a table in a large log tobacco house, without floors, about  fifteen rods from the railroad depot, and night and day Avas
almost constantly engaged in dressing and operating upon the wounded from various regiments, indiscriminately, from Saturday
evening, May 31st, until Wednesday evening,  June 4th.  Here,  as at Williamsburg, a comparatively few  were yvounded with
shell and grape,  a large proportion being Avounded with the conical rifle ball;  but not a feAV were yvounded yvith the round
musket  hall and buckshot.  I had one disarticulation of  a shoulder joint,  the case not admitting of excision, and several other
amputations, including one of the arm for haemorrhage, in a case  where excision of the elboAV joint had been performed the night
before by some surgeon to me  unknoAvn.   *  *  There  yvas an "ample supply of yvater of good quality at the  station, and an
abundance of food, including Soyer^s concentrated soup and fresh beef.   I noticed that Surgeon Frank H. Hamilton, U. S. V.,
in his report of the battle of Fair Oaks, published in the American Medical Times, states that,  " Such yvas  the scarcity of food,
that General Sumner ordered several horses belonging to his orderlies to be killed," to be used as food  for the Avounded.  I am
happy to say that no such exigencies  occurred at the depot Avhere  I was operating."       *       *       * 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  F.  H. HAMILTON.
87
LXXV.   Report  of the Operations  of  the Medical  Department  at  the Battle of Fair  Oaks.
     By Surgeon Frank  H. Hamilton, U.  S.  Volunteers.
                                                            Headquarters of the Fourth Corps,
                                                                  Near Seven  Pines, Virginia, June lUh, 1862.
      Sir: The foregoing reports  have been forwarded to you, as they yvere received by me, from the several brigade and
division medical officers.  The gentlemen yvho made the  reports have already explained to you the difficulties under yvhich they
labored in their attempts to obtain full and correct returns..   The yvounded yvere not all  left in our possession, and those yvho
were brought in during and after the battle yvere, generally, sent first to Savage's Station, and subsequently to the White House,
bo that the regimental surgeons found it impossible to make an exact record of their yvounded, and their  reports are made up,
in part at least, from the adjutants' returns.  As soon  as  the battle  had commenced, I determined to establish a hospital at
Savage's Station, at yvhich point there  is a large tyvo-story house, and fourteen  outhouses, including negro quarters, barns,
corn-cribs, and sheds, yvhich, together, Avould furnish comfortable shelter for three hundred men, and in which we  had, during
most of the second and third days after the battle, from five to eight hundred men.   Of course, at such times, the buildings
were greatly croAvded;  yet the Avounded came in so rapidly, on the  second day, the number was greatly increased from Heint-
zelman's and Sumner's  corps, that the buildings yvere insufficient even to cover the  men.  No hospital tents Avere to be had,
and Ave were compelled to lay several hundred upon the grass, Avithin the enclosure surrounding  Mr. Savage's house, which
ground was,  fortunately, elevated, and partially shaded by large  trees.   At first, our corps  of medical officers  and of nurses
was very inadequate, the surgeons Avere  nearly all occupied  in dressing Avounds upon the  field, and we had almost no supplies,
either in  the yvay  of commissary stores, clothing, blankets, medicines, or instruments.   I had been, but  two days before the
battle, assigned to this  corps as medical director, and could not have made the necessary provision, even if I had anticipated
so terrible a conflict. We were soon able, hoyvever, to obtain the assistance of several regimental surgeons, and before the day
closed, and during  the folloAving day, several contract and volunteer surgeons came up from  the White House, and continued,
from this time, to render us important and valuable  aid.   The contract surgeons who reported to me were Drs. Jacks,
Middleton, Good, Lodge, Monroe, Keeley, Esten, Underwood,  Seymour, Millett, and Green, to whom were added the following
volunteer surgeons: Drs. Page, Hall, Syvinburne, Skinner, Hitchcock,  Burr, and Everts, yvith, perhaps, some others, whose
names yvere not reported to me.  Drs. Prince and O'Leary, brigade  surgeons, with  surgeons Kerr, Chamberlain, Robinson,
Tindle, and Emanuel, were, after the first tyvo hours, also, almost  constantly at the  station,  operating and dressing yvounds,
until their services were no longer necessary, when they  returned to their  respective  commands.   With a corps of medical
officers, numbering from twenty-five  to thirty, it Avas still  impossible to make the necessary operations and dress the yvounds
as rapidly as the  men  were  brought in, and, in many  cases,  several hours elapsed  before  they received surgical aid.   The
surgeons yvere  assigned by me to various positions on the ground  and in the buildings, each having his separate  duty to
perform, aided  by such nurses and cooks as yve could temporarily impress; while to one surgeon Avas  assigned the  duty of
distributing the wounded as they came in.  At three points, depots were established for major operations, the minor operations
being made on  the open field, under the shade of the trees, or wherever the men Avere laid.  The surgeons were all, after a
little delay, by  your orders, I believe, and from other sources, supplied with instruments, chloroform, or ether,  dressings, and
sponges.  One  large iron cauldron yvas  kept constantly filled, night  and day, for three days, with hot coffee, and another with
boiled rice or with  portable soup, the latter of Avhich we did not obtain until the second day.   On the second day, several boxes
of lemons were sent to us, from which pails full of lemonade were made and constantly distributed  in every direction.  Hard
tack, sugar, and whiskey, we had in abundance, with, also,  a small quantity of good brandy.   The trains ordered to remove the
wounded to the White House yvere not brought up as  rapidly as the men were ready for removal, and, consequently, a  large
portion yvere compelled to remain one or two days after their yvounds had  been dressed, or their limbs had been  amputated;
some of whom had no  covering whatever, not even  blankets.  During Sunday and Monday nights, there were  heavy thunder
showers, and these poor fellows were completely drenched.  I was  with them, with many of the surgeons and nurses, both of
these nights,  and yve did for them  all that lay in our power.  Fortunately, on the second day, we  found one bale of blankets
which we were  permitted to use, and yvhich went a good way in protecting them  from the rain and cold at night.  The  first
train of cars started yvith the wounded for White House on Saturday, and from this time some twelve or fifteen  trains arrived
and were sent down; they yvere, however, necessarily irregular.  At first, and until several trains had gone, yve placed a surgeon
in each car to assist in getting the wounded on board,  and to take the  rank, name, regiment, company, nature  of wound, and
character of operation in case of each man, and also to prevent stragglers from getting on board.  The pressure  of Sunday and
Monday compelled us to abandon  this arrangement so  desirable in every point of view,  and thereafter we attempted only to
obtain the numbers sent down.  Tavo or more surgeons performing the duty of seeing them on  board, and,  generally, one
surgeon accompanying  the train to the White House.  In these labors, having reference only to my duties, relating to my own
corps, I was  greatly aided by the volunteer services of Surgeon Milhau, U. S. A., medical director of the Third Corps, and
who had, in  addition, after the first day, the duty of attending to his  own wounded.   Indeed, it was generally impossible to
distinguish to which corps the yvounded belonged, and we were eventually occupied in attending to all who were brought to us.
To the sanitary commission, I wish to render especial thanks for the promptitude and liberality Avith Avhich they sent to us such
supplies as yvere at their command.   I  have taken a copy  of the  reports herewith transmitted to you, and I shall endeavor,
from time to time,  to make such corrections  and additions as may be  reported to me by the regimental surgeons, so that, if, at
some future time, you think it desirable, you may receive a  more complete and accurate account of the killed and wounded, and
of the nature of their wounds, the operations performed, and the  results.   The  folloyving recapitulation is presented: killed,
three hundred and eighty-two; Avounded, one thousand seven hundred and thirty-one; missing, sixty-seven;  a  total of two
thousand one hundred and eighty.  The surgeons' report of missing is, probably, incomplete.
                                     Very respectfully, yours,                    FRANK H.  HAMILTON,
To C. S.  Tripler, Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac.            Surgeon U. S. V., Medical Director Fourth Corps. 
8S                        APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.

LXXVI.    Second Extract from  a  Report  on  the  Duties assigned to him from the Outbreak
      of the Rebellion  till  May 1st, 1863.   By Assistant  Surgeon  G. M. Sternwkrg, U. S.  Army
      *  *   *  "The sanitary condition of  the 3d Infantry, to which I Avas attached during the Peninsular campaign and of
all the regular troops  in General Sykes's division Avas at  all times excellent; and  the 5th and 10th  IS'evv York Yoluntee
regiments, yvhich yvere comprised in the  division  during the greater part of the campaign, were little, if at all, inferior to the
regulars in health and morale.   *   *  In the battles at Gaines's Mill and Malvern, the division of General Svkes yvas composed
of batallions  of the 2d, 3d, 4th, 6th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 14th, and 17th U. S. Infantry, and 5th and  10th New York Yolunteers
forming an aggregate of about five thousand men.  The supplies of medical and  hospital stores and tents yvere  ample, and
the number  of ambulances yvas at all times sufficient, except during the retreat from  the front  of 1 Richmond to  Harrison's
Landing.  *   *  In these actions I kept as near my regiment as possible, giving my attention to the removal of the wounded
from the field, operating only in urgent cases.  *   *  Most of the Confederate surgeons yvere inclined to do all thev could for our
yvounded ; but their supplies of medicine yvere entirely inadequate.   They seemed to be poorly supplied yvith ambulances and
to have, indeed, scarcely any,  save those captured from our army.  *   *  I have seen but feyv operations performed under
fire, and think that yvhen it is possible to wait until the patient can be removed to a field hospital in the rear, it is best to do so.
I have, hoyvever, in these urgent cases, amputated on the field yvith none but my hospital steyvard to assist me."   *   *   *
 LXXVIL    Extract from  a  Report  on  the  Surgery at  Fair Oaks.   By Surgeon  C. S. AVoon
       B6tli New York Volunteers.
       *  *  *  " On the afternoon of May 31st, General Sumner's corps crossed the Chickahominy, to support the Third and
 Fourth Army Corps, engaged at  Fair Oaks.  The  river was very much swollen, and the loyver bridge, in General Sumner's
 front, had been washed away; but the upper bridge of logs Avas stayed by cables of grape-vines.  Though insecure, it sufficed
 for the passage of the artillery trains and  ambulances.  Then trees were cut down, and a corduroy road was built across the
 swamp.  By the time the road yvas completed, it was daylight.  The  artillery first, and then the ambulance train, hurried
 foryvard, and  reached the battle-field  about nine on  Sunday morning, June 1st.  After the artillery was placed in position, the
 battle  lasted less than tyvo hours.  A large frame house near  the field was selected as a hospital, and the wounded of both
 friend and foe were brought in by hundreds, filling the house from garret to basement, the barns and outhouses, even densely
 crenvding the lawn, yvhich was over an  acre  in extent.   The  first peculiarity observable in the wounded yvas the large
 proportion of injuries of the upper part of the  body, and the variety of  yvounds from large projectiles. It resulted, probably,
 from the fact that the fighting was chiefly in the forest, Avith an undergrowth of bushes from  three to four feet in height, yvhere
 the  enemy could not use artillery advantageously.   *  *  The  men, fatigued by marches through  muddy roads,  in building
 corduroy roads and intrencbments, depressed  by exposure and the  use of  bad yvater,  had their poyvers of vital resistance
 diminished, and many died from shock of their injuries, or from the  operations required, yvho, under more favorable circum-
 stances, might have rallied and recovered.  We  yvere far from  our base of supplies, and could give the yvounded but few of
 those  comforts  yvhich yvere  urgently needed.  Soups, made from beef extract, yvere  our principal resource  in the yvay ot
 nourishment.   There Avere some frightful yvounds of the face, with comminuted fracture of both maxilla}.  Among them yvere
 examples in which the hard and  soft  palate yvere destroyed, and the tongue almost cut in two.   Many of these would live for
 days, unable even to swallow  yvater.  By keeping the fauces moistened, their thirst was allayed, and many of them ultimately
 recovered.  Instead of removing nearly detached fragments of  bone, the parts were coaptated as far as possible, tbe lower
jaw placed in a pasteboard splint, and Avater dressings Avere applied, in cases in which it would  seem that half of the face was
 shot away.  Recovery yvould ensue,  with comparatively small  cicatrices,  illustrating  wonderfully the recuperative power of
 nature in Avounds in this region.  Another important and interesting class of injuries here observed was the penetrating wounds
 of the chest.  The mini6 ball  generally passed through and lodged beneath the integument on the opposite side.  From the
Russian and Crimean  statistics, we inferred that  all such cases  Avould  die; on the contrary, a number lived and completely
recovered.  Tyvo men, yvhom  I kneyv personally, yvho yvere thus Avounded, returned to duty Avhile our regiment yvas stationed
at Harper's Ferry, after the battle of Antietam,  their health being entirely restored, after an interval of about five months. The
treatment adopted in these cases, despite  the advice of English  surgeons and  systematic yvriters to bleed freely and largely,
yvas to enjoin perfect rest, absolute silence,  and  to administer an occasional opiate, to repress the inclination to cough.  Both ot
these patients preferred restinor in a sitting posture.  The greatest fatality occurred yvhere the ball passed through  the apex or
root of the lung.  The yvounds of the right lung  were more favorable than corresponding wounds of the  left lung, as  I have
good reason to believe.   A feyv  patients recovered where both lungs  were traversed by the  same ball.  They Avere doing
remarkably well when transferred to general  hospital.  When great inflammatory reaction occurred, bleeding yvas resorted to;
but the cases in yvhich we considered this remedy indicated Avere feAV.  The  great inconvenience  experienced was from maggot-
infesting wounds.  In twelve hours after dressing a stump or lacerated wound it would be literally covered Avith these loath-
some larvae, and, in twenty-four hours, the stump would look  as though a  SAvarm of bees had settled upon it.  In penetrating
yvounds of the cavities, when  the dressings Avere  removed, these worms could be seen crayvling through  the  body;  and the
patient would be conscious of this, and have great despondency from the  belief that,  as they  expressed it, they Avere being
eaten up alive.   Turpentine seemed the most effectual means of getting rid of them; but this Avas only of temporary servica.
Had Ave then known the value of coal  oil  in such cases, as we did at Gettysburg, Ave Avould have had less trouble.  After a feyv
days, when  all the more important yvounds  had received attention, the patients Avere  transferred to the depot, half a  mile
distant, yvhere they yvere immediately ordered to  be removed by the railway cars; but, through some misunderstanding, they
lay by hundreds on  either side of the railway track, and much  of  the time  exposed to a drenching rain, without  shelter.
Shivering from the cold, calling for Avater, food, and dressings, these sufferers afforded the most heart-rending spectacle that it
has  been my lot to yvitness.  Many died from this exposure, and others prayed for death to relieve them from their anguish.
All fields of carnage are horrid enough, but this one yvas pre-eminently so."       *      *      * 
KEPORTS  OF  SURGEONS  BRUMLEY,  DAVIS,  AND  REILY.
89
LXXVIII.   Extract from  a Report  of  his Services in the Medical  Staff.   By Surgeon  J. D.
     Bkumley,  U. S. Volunteers.
     *  *  #  u Tjie ;iction at Peach Orchard yvas a small affair, lasting about tAvo hours, to cover the retreat.  A part of
General Sumner's corps Avere all the troops engaged.   The point yvhere the yvounded yvere taken first yvas about one and a half
miles from  Savage's Station, to yvhich place  they yvere all carried afterwards.  The affair at Savage's  Station yvas of greater
magnitude than the last.  It continued about three hours.  General  Sumner's and General  Franklin's corps yvere engaged.
Darkness put an end to the contest,  and our forces continued the retreat, and yvere followed, soon after daylight the folloyving
morning, by that portion of the Confederate army commanded by General Stonewall Jackson.  I yvas detailed by Surgeon J. F.
Hammond, U. S. A., medical director of the Second Corps, to remain at a house on the field yvhere the battle had been fought,
near the Williamsburg road, and about three-fourths of a mile from Savage's Station, in charge of about one hundred and sixty
yvounded men that had been collected  there.   No food or medical supplies of any kind yvas left.  I remained here about four
days, yvhen I succeeded in getting the men removed to Savage's Station, yvhere  a considerable amount of medical and  hospital
supplies had been left.   The  only transportation I  could possibly obtain was the common army wagon, yvithout springs, and
only for such as could not possibly get there themselves.  The men exhibited great energy and perseverance in hobbling along
on such rude crutches as yve could make for them.  We remained about two yveeks at Savage's Station, until the supplies were
nearly exhausted, and yvere then taken on freight  and platform  cars to Richmond, yvhere the men were distributed to the
different prisons. All of these that I visited were greatly crowded and very filthy.  The diet, issued uniformly to all, consisted of
fresh beef and soft bread. There yvas, apparently, a great destitution of all kinds of medical  supplies and surgical  appliances.
I remained about four days in the Libby prison, attending the sick and yvounded prisoners, when I yvas permitted to leave Avith
them, and again joined the Army of the Potomac, at Harrison's Landing."       *       *      *
LXXIX.   Second Extract from a Report of his  Services from June  1st, 1861, to June  19th,
     1863.   By Assistant Surgeon  Philip C. Davis, U. S.  Army.
     *  *  *  "In November, 1861, I yvas assigned to duty at the Columbia  College Hospital, Washington, under Surgeon
E. H. Abadie, U. S. A., and remained there until February, 1862.  The cases I attended presented nothing of particular interest,
the majority being typhoid and eruptive fevers.  There were many patients from northern regiments yvith rubeola.   *   *   On
March 1st, I yvas ordered to take  medical charge of the artillery brigade of General Franklin's  division, consisting  of  one
regular and  four volunteer batteries.  *  *  We  embarked at Alexandria for the  Peninsula, and landed  at Ship Point, in
Pequosan Bay, and encamped till May 4th, yvhen the enemy evacuated Yorktoyvn, and yve embarked for West Point.   On March
6th, before the whole column had debarked, Ave Avere attacked  by General Lee.  The fight lasted about  five  hours, Avhen  the
enemy fell back. But one  battery of the brigade of Avhich  I  had charge Avas under fire, and only one man Avas Avounded, he
receiving only a flesh yvound from a rifle ball, yvas dressed on the field, and yvas then sent to the field hospital.  A few days after
the battle, yve again resumed our march, and finally yvent into  camp near  Gaines's Mill, Virginia.  While here, three deaths
occurred; one from typhoid fever,  two  from  accident.  We then crossed the Chickahominy at Woodbury's bridge, and  formed
the second line of defence, General Smith forming the first.  On the day of the battle at Gaines's Mill, yve yvere ordered across
the Chickahominy, to support General Porter.   We arrived  on the field about four o'clock in the afternoon.  Our loss yvas
small, being only nine or ten Avounded  slightly.   We then recrossed the river, and took up our former  position at  about nine
o'clock, p. m., June 28th.   The AAhole  army then commenced  the  retreat toward  the James River.  On tbe afternoon of the
30th, yvhile at Charles City Cross Roads, we yvere attacked by the enemy.  At  this fight, our casualties  yvere tyvo killed  and
twelve or fourteen yvounded.  We yvere exposed to an artillery fire at short  range, the enemy using case-shot and shell.  The
Avounded Avere promptly attended to, but  as yve Avere compelled to fall back  during the night, and under cover of  the darkness,
I  was  compelled to leave the patients  in the hands of  the enemy, except those whose wounds were  slight.   At Malvern, on
July 1st,  our brigade yvas not engaged  at all, although in  position all day.  *   *  At Harrison's  Landing, the health of the
troops yvas good; but feyv deaths occurred, and most of these yvere cases of typhoid fever.   There Avere a few of scurvy, Avhich
yielded readily to appropriate remedies.   Diarrhoea Avas prevalent,  and some cases resisted all remedies."
 LXXX.  Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon
     John T. Keily, U. S. Army.
      *  *   *   "On  July 22d, 1861, I was employed,  under contract,  by the Surgeon General,  and  ordered  to assist in
 removing the yvounded from the battlefield of Bull Run to the hospitals in Washington City.  On the completion of which duty,
 I was ordered to report to Surgeon J. R. Smith, U. S. A., at that time in charge of Seminary hospital, when I yvas assigned to
 duty in charge  of a ward.  The hospital at that time  was principally filled  with wounded men.   The wounded recovered
 rapidly and were sent ayvay,  and the hospital yvas refilled with patients from the neighboring camps.   There a rare opportunity
 was offered for  observing the results of the various modes of treatment of the most terrible injuries and fatal diseases to which
 the soldier is exposed.   Having served in this excellent school for four months, I received an order, on November 28th, 1861,
 to report for duty Avith the batteries of  General Wm. F. Smith's division of the Army of the Potomac. The command consisted,
 at that time, of  four batteries of light artillery :  battery F, Fifth U. S. Artillery, the Third Neyv York battery, First Neyv York
 Independent battery, and one Pennsylvania battery.  The latter yvas ordered  ayvay from the command in January, 1862, and
 replaced by battery E, Third Regiment NeAV York Artillery; all under command of General R. Ayres. The command received
orders on the 11th of March to  move to Fairfax  Court-house, and thence to Alexandria, yvhen it yvas embarked for Fort
Monroe.  '   *   The health and morale of the troops, at that time, yvas excellent.  The division yvas placed in advance of the
        12 
 90                        APPENDED DOCUMENTS—PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.

 main army, and moved in that position during the march toyvard Richmond.  Nothing of interest occuired during the advance
 except  occasional cavalry skirmishes, until the 5th of April.   On that day, being close upon  the  enemv, the third  brigade'
 under command of Brigadier General J. W. 1 bividson, with the First and Third New York batteries, formed in line of battle ai 1
 moved forward.  About  noon, an  earthwork Avas discovered about tyvo thousand yards in front, and  to the left, of the road
 leading from Warwick Creek to Williamsburg.   The Third Neyv York battery, supported by infantry, advanced, under cover ot
 heavy pine  timber, within eight hundred yards of  the enemy's yvorks, and, yvhile being placed in  position in the middle of
 road, received  a fire  from his battery, which Avas  soon returned; the  firing continuing at intervals.  Battery F, Fifth U  S
 Artillery Avas ordered up, and placed in position on the left of the road, and the remainder  of  the  division placed within
 supporting distance.   The enemy getting the range of the Third Neyv York battery, blew up a limber-box of one of the pieces
 knocking down several of the cannoniers, yvithout, however, seriously injuring them ; after which, battery F, Fifth lT. S. Artillery
 opened fire upon the works, yvithout any apparent effect, except cutting doyvn the flagstaff.   The infantry, being mostly under
 cover, and not being able to  reach the  enemy with musketry, remained in silence, losing a feyv  men, yvho yvere shot by sharp-
 shooters.  Tbe troops remained in position, the batteries  firing occasionally during the afternoon.  At nightfall, entrenchments
 were dug in front of the batteries,  and extended to  each  flank, to protect the infantry   Nothing but occasional  picket firinz
 occurred during the night.  On the morning following, occasional firing  yvas kept up  on  both sides,  yvithout any impoitant
 effect.  At night, the command received orders to abandon the  position and move to the right, yvhen yve went into camp, after
 marching about two miles over roads which were almost impassable for artillery.   A feyv slightly yvounded men, in the artillery
 were sent to the rear, but rejoined  in a feyv days.  The yvounded among the infantry yvere conveyed to Young's Mills, thence to
 Fort Monroe.  On the folloyving day,  the batteries were ordered to move toward Williamsburg.  Being  near the enemy's lines
 the next feyv days yvere occupied in putting the cannon into position,  yvith  a view of making another attack.  On April Kith,
 1862, having arrived  a few days previously at Warwick Creek, and  discovered a line of earthyvorks, which Avas found to be a
 continuation of the Yorktown line, the command yvas ordered to move at daylight, and the Third New York battery, Captain T.
 Mott, Avas ordered to commence firing on the enemy's works at a range of about tAvelve hundred yards, the remainder of the
 command being reserved.  After a fVw shots, the  enemy replied with a battery of smooth bore, tAventy-pound pieces, throwing
 common shell, and getting the range almost immediately.  Our battery lost three killed and four Avounded in a  feAV minutes,
 when the position yvas changed under cover of the smoke.  The firing ceased, the yvounded yvere removed  out of range, their
 wounds dressed, and, after sufficient reaction, were placed upon ambulances and sent to the field hospitals, yvhich yvere half a
 mile to tbe rear.  This was the commencement of the battle knoyvn  as the battle of Lee's  Mills.   Nothing further  occurred
 until tyvo, P. M., when the infantry under Generals Brooks and Davidson, with the three remaining batteries, yvere ordered to
 form in  line  of  battle   The batteries being so placed as to move foryvard in an open field, and the infantry in heavy pine timber
 on the right and left of the pieces, it yvas found important to open the batteries as soon as  possible, and, by an overwhelming
 fire, to drive the enemy from his  pieces, to cover the infantry until it  charged  the yvoods, and to prevent pursuit in  case ot
 repulse.  *   *   The supplies of medicines, hospital stores, ambulances,  and hospital tents yvere complete, having been drawn
just before leaving Washington, and added to through special requisitions.  During the interval, the yvounded, amounting to eight,
 yvere not removed until their yvounds  yvere dressed, yvhen those who could ride yvithout danger were sent on horses, and the
 most seriously wounded Avere carried  on litters  about one thousand yards, and placed in field hospitals.  The distance was so
 short in the  afternoon, seven hundred  yards, that the enemy fired grape  shot and  conical bullets, as shown by the character ot
 the injuries received by our men and horses.  The improved rifle, yvith conical ball, six tyventy-pounders, and six  smooth-bore
 guns yvere the  ones  used.  Those  of the wounded  who  could yy ithstand  the journey were  conveyed by ambulance trains to
 Young's Mills, and thence to Hampton and Fort Monroe, and finally sent north.  Tavo primary amputations  were performed on
 the field; one patient died from the effects of a burn produced by premature explosion of the piece.   The right arm and hand
 yvere literally torn to pieces, and the right pectoral region lacerated and burned.   Chloroform slightly diluted yvas the anaesthetic
 employed.   My time  being fully occupied, having,  at that period, no assistant surgeon assigned to the command, I did not
 have an opportunity of observing the yvounded, or their treatment, save only to dress the  wounds  of  those who yvere struck
 near the batteries.  There yvere eight Avounded  and four killed in the whole command  during the battle.  The health of the
troops began to be affected very much after the  battle;  working parties  were continually employed at night digging trendies,
and a strong picket Avas continually required.   Their hardships and exposure to rain, yvhich fell almost daily, produced fever,
yvhich almost invariably assumed an asthenic type, and showed a strong tendency to typhoid fever.   On the morning after the
evacuation of the Yorktown  line,  the  command yvas ordered to move  on the road toAvard Williamsburg, and the  sick and
remaining wounded were sent to the hospitals at and  near Fort Monroe, and thence to  the north.  *  *  On the evening of
May 4th, the command was halted  within one and a half miles of a second line of works. *  *   On the morning of May 5th,
tbe batteries were harnessed at dajdight, and held in readiness to move at a moment's notice.  Our position Avas on the right ol
the line.  About seven a. m., some batteries to  our left opened fire in the neighborhood of Fort  Magruder, which was the
stronghold of the line, and the battle known as the battle of Williamsburg commenced.  As no demonstration could be made
upon the line directly in  front of our  position, the batteries were not ordered into action until eleven  A. M., when they were
ordered  to accompany General Hancock's brigade  of five regiments in a demonstration to the right of our former position.
Rain had been falling  the previous night, and continued at intervals during the  day, making the road extremely difficult for
moving of artillery.  *   *  One hundred and ten  Avounded Confederates yvere  left upon the field, and many prisoners were
brought in.  They carried off a large number of their wounded, and all  yvho could yvalk  retreated to Williamsburg.  Their
whole number of yvounded, probably, amounted to two hundred and fifty.   *   *   When the firing ceased, I superintended the
removal of the Avounded from the field.  The surgeons of the respective regiments coming  up, the General ordered me to take
charge of the Confederate Avounded.  I removed them for safety to the nearest fort, there being no  houses near.   Having my
instruments  and bandages, I  attended them in a pelting rain during the  night.   The rain  yvas beneficial, as water could not
be had without  great difficulty; and, the redoubt being without Bhelter, it was extremely difficult to move rapidly among the
wounded, the mud being very deep.  On the 6th, we were able to remove the Avounded to large barns near the redoubt, where 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  J.  T.  CALHOUN.
91
they Avere comfortably situated, Avith plenty of fresh Avater, and good ventilation.  As soon as the supplies could be moved up, they
were made comfortable, and all the primary amputations did well up to the time the command yvas ordered to march, yvhich yvas
in about six hours.  Having no orders to remain, I moved with the command, and the Avounded were left in charge of surgeons,
Avho superintended their transportation in  ambulances  to the York River, Avhere  they embarked for  northern hospitals.  On
May 7th, the command moved toyvard Richmond.   *   *  After Malvern, the troops were supplied with  clothing, shelter, and
good commissary stores; but diarrhoea, dysentery, remittent and typhoid fever made their appearance among them, the latter
disease'soon assuming a malignant type.   It did not abate until the command left Harrison's  Lauding, and reached the healthy
climate, north of the Potomac."       * %     *
LXXXI.  Extract from  a  Narrative  of  his  Services in  the  Peninsular  Campaign.    By
     Assistant  Surgeon J.  Theodore  Calhoun, IT. S. Army.
      #   # *  u j entered the service as assistant surgeon of the  5th Regiment of the Excelsior Brigade, or numbered also
as the 74th New York Volunteers. *   *   In the vast majority of volunteer organizations, the surgeon has no one to instruct
him in his duties;  and  not apprehending, as yvas very natural to a civilian, the importance of a rigid adherence to prescribed
forms, he was very apt to deem them a species of red-tapeism, to be discarded by men of energy.  Hence, records of the medical
department of many of the volunteer regiments are very imperfect.   *   *  We started fairly, under the  guidance of some of
the regular medical officers, Surgeons Broyvn, Moore, and others, and yvhen yve reached the field, there was but little to unlearn.
The importance of this fact cannot be over-estimated.  The medical staff of the Excelsior Brigade, though but feyv of its
original medical officers yvere left,  remained to the end of the yvar one of the best organized of the Army of the Potomac.   *   *
The physical examination of the  recruits yvas rigid, and  no unsound man Avas knoAvingly enlisted, though a few Avere passed
through my inexperience.  I Avill  cite one case in yvhich  I Avas completely misled.  William H. Burdick, of Tideoute, Warren
County, Pennsylvania, avus examined yvhile in a state of nudity.   Suspecting that he Avas older than he reported himself, I was
more particular than usual, and examined him  yvith unusual care.   I could not  get him to keep still for a moment, which  I
attributed to confusion from excessive modesty.  He appeared anxious to exhibit his agility, and leaped and danced about in a
manner to indicate that  he Avas at least well able to use his lower extremities.  I passed him.  That afternoon, his  company
was mustered in, and as they yvere marching to their quarters, I  met them, and Avas surprised to observe that this recruit
had a decided limp.  Further inquiry demonstrated the  fact that he had a shortening, of perhaps half or three-quarters of an
inch, of one leg, and that his nervousness, yvhich I  had  attributed to bashfulness, had been  an attempt, and a successful one,
to conceal this defect.   As  he could not yvell  march, he was assigned to the hospital department, and, as nurse, served
throughout the  Peninsular and General Pope's campaigns, when he was taken quite ill yvith pneumonia, sent to general hospital,
and discharged the service.   The results of this rigid  examination is shoAvn in the records of discharges of the regiment to
which I Avas attached.   While regiments from neighboring brigades had discharged scores of men, my discharges, after some
eight months' service, numbered two only, and my sick  list yvas very small.   *   *  Company B, of the  74th, was composed
almost exclusively of Frenchmen, and they economized  fuel, and, at the same time, kept their huts properly warmed, by an
ingenious  device, someyvhat  like tbe camp-stoyre of the  California miners,
and resembling, in shape, the ordinary reverberatory furnace.   The part
containing the  fire yvas  made of stone, covered  with clay.  The chimney
yvas of twigs,  yvattled  in, and  covered yvith clay, and the top of  the
furnace was an old mess-pan inverted.  A piece of sheet iron  yvas used
as a diaphragm, or damper, to regulate the draft in furnace, and to econo-
mize fuel. I believe that the most healthful mode  of heating tents or
huts, yvhere fuel is plenty, is by an open fire-place and chimney, because
of the ventilation  it affords; but an equable heat, by a small amount of
fuel, can be obtained by the calorifere above described.   *  *  At Liver-
pool  Point, on the loyver Potomac, the regimental hospital was in tyvo
negro huts, fitted  up for the purpose.  Here we had a  number of cases
of the so-called typhoid fever  I do  not  believe that  many of tbe cases
                 r                                     .„.-,,     Fig. 9.—Diagram showing the tent furnaces used in the
were the true  enteric  fever, characterized by the ulceration of Peyers                Army of the Potomac.
patches, but rather a miasmatic  fever,  more appropriately denominated in
the monthly army medical report ' typho-malarial fever.'  *  *  The loss of the  74th New York  Volunteers, at the battle
of Williamsburg, was forty-nine killed and ninety-nine Avounded.  The 70th New York Volunteers lost between three hundred
and four hundred men.   *  *  The field hospital of the Neyv York brigade yvas located by Brigade Surgeon J. Owens, U. S. V.,
in the woods in the rear of the line of fire.   A more inappropriate place could  not well be imagined.  We yvere constantly
under fire of artillery and small arms, and exposed to a drenching rain.  Men were Avounded at the hospital depot,  and some
of the wounded were killed.  My horse Avas killed very close to  me.  *  *  Ambulance  transportation was very limited.
Few operations beyond the extractions of bullets Avere practiced at this depot.  Most of the Avounded were sent to  a division
hospital established in  a large house, yvith barns and outhouses, two miles in the rear.  *   *  Most of the  operations were
performed the  day subsequent to the  battle.  After most of the operations had been performed, most of the yvounded were
transferred to  a steamer lying at Queen's Landing,  on York River.   The  very  badly yvounded Avere carried thither  on
stretchers. A feAV Avere left in Williamsburg, at the hospitals established there.  On May 31st, the enemy attacked us at Fair
Oaks.   *   *  Our loss Avas not large.  My regiment lost between thirty and forty.  Our hospital Avas in a frame house, a mile
and a half from the battle-field.   From this point, there Avere several roads to Savage's Station, yvhither the yvounded were sent,
and thence transported  to White House on raihvay cars.  During the battle, it Avas proposed to move the principal hospital
 
(.)•)
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ANTIETAM  CAMPAIGN.
 station forward, but the corps commander, General Heintzelman, forbade this for military reasons.  When the action doced I
 accompanied Surgeon Thomas Sim, U. S. V., and superintended the loading of the ambulances yvith  the yvounded of the first
 dav's fight.  I found tyvo little buildings, knoyvn  as the twin houses, filled  with yvounded, dying, and  elea-l Fnion and
 Confederate soldiers, mingled promiscuously on the floors.  These houses had been used as field hospitals, temporarily and it
 had  not been  possible to  evacuate  them when  the  Union forces fell back on June 1st.   They had been exposed to the fire
 of artillery and small-arms, and the Avails Avere perforated in every direction by the projectiles from these weapons.  Under the
 trees, in front of these houses, Avere many Avounded, yvho had craAvled thither to escape the burning sun.   Nearly all of their
 Avounds were filled with maggots.   They said the Confederate  surgeons had spoken kindly to them,  and, in a  few instances
 had  given them some restorative; but no attempt had been made to  examine their Avounds.  The dead had  not been properly
 buried, and  in every direction fragments of limbs and bodies Avere lying exposed.   The heat Avas intense during the dav the
 nights Avere chilly, Avith heayTy deyvs.  *  *  The men went on picket every third  day, and during the interval yvere  hard at
 work on the entrenchments.   The camps yvere daily under  an artillery  fire, and night  alarms yvere of frequent occurrence.
 *  *  Every hygienic measure that could be made by the medical officers yvas carried out; but I regret to say that these yvere
 feyv.   Every disease took an asthenic form, and a remarkable tendency to periodicity yvas observed  in every variety of disease.
 The  form of fever termed by the negroes swamp fever, but yvhich should  be knoyvn, perhaps, in scientific nosology, as typho-
 malarial fever, yvas  very frequent.  *   *  The treatment I  adopted yvas generally successful, and consisted of a mercurial
 cathartic, calomel and rhubarb, usually, folloAved by a large dose of quinine, say ten grains of the sulphate of quinia, combined
 Avith a grain each e.f opium  and of capsicum, thrice, daily.   None  of my  cases terminated fatally.  *  *   The practice of
 maiming themselves, by shooting off their index fingers  or great toes Avas yvide spread at this time.  I called it a monomania,
 the incentive to Avhich is a desire to get rid of the very laborious and  dangerous  duty on picket and on the entrenchments.  I
 so termed  it, because the practice yvas not confined to the malingerers, but yvas observed in  good men and brave soldiers.  On
 June 2")th, the third  corps advanced on the Williamsburg  turnpike, and engaged at yvhat is sometimes called the Teach
 Orchard,'  but  more properly  ' Old Tavern.'  I  was  detailed to take charge of a small house,  half a mile on the  right, and
 rear  of the 'twin houses,' and Avas informed that the yvounded, after being temporarily dressed at the front  and  at the 'twin
 houses,' should be sent to my hospital, yvhere I should select those requiring operative interference, and send the remainder on
 to Orchard  Station, on the York River  railroad; and that, as fast as a sufficient number  to fill an ambulance Avere operated
 on, they should be sent to York River for transportation by railway cars to the White House, whence transports would take
them to Fort Monroe or the North.   Surgeon J.  W. Foye, 11th Massachusetts Volunteers, and Acting Assistant Surgeon Fiske,
and  an adequate number of hospital stewards, nurses, and attendants were assigned to this hospital.  A  door, torn from its
hinges, was used as an operating table, supported by tyvo barrels, yvhile a third barrel served as a table  to hold the instruments.
 I declined to operate in one case,  Avhich involved  an amputation  at the hip:joint, as the patient yvas a  victim to  chronic
 alcoholism.  I amputated  one thigh very high  up by the circular method;  so high that my assistant had to hold aside the
 testes to avoid the edge of my knife.  I heard of him alive six Aveeks afterwards.  *   *   At Malvern, our hospital was at a
large brick mansion on a bluff, surrounded by a pine grove.   The wounded yvere transferred thence to a large frame house on
 the banks of the river.  At -night, I yvent to the  latter hospital, and worked until our candles gave out, and  then lay down to
 take  a little rest, being exhausted by work and yvant of food.  I yvas soon ayvakened and found the yvhole army retreating to
 Harrison's Landing."      *       *      *
LXXXIL   Extracts from a  Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Army
      of the Potomac from July Mh to December 31st, 1802.   By Jonathan Letteeman, Surgeon
      U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac.
      *  *   *   "In obedience to orders from the War Department, dated June 23d, 1862, I reported, on the  1st day of July,
to General  McClellan, at Haxhall's Landing, on the James River, for duty as  medical  director of the Army of the  Potomac,
and, after the arrival of the army at Harrison's Landing, I was placed on duty as such, on July 4th.  I attempted, on the -8th
of June, to report to the  Commanding General  from the White House, on  the  Pamunkey River, but was prevented from so
doing by the movements of the army, and yvas compelled to proceed, by Avay of the James River, to  the headquarters.  The
change Avhich yvas taking place in the position of the army, yvhen I left the White House, rendered it necessary that the medical
supplies and the transports for the yvounded and sick should also be sent up the James River, to meet the Avants  of the army.
Upon inquiry, not ascertaining that any orders had been issued in  the matter, I assumed the authority, and directed Assistant
Surgeon R. H. Alexander, U. S. A., medical purveyor, and Assistant Surgeon E. S. Dunster, U. S. A., medical  director for
transportation, to proceed up that river yvith  their supplies and vessels yvith all possible despatch.  They reached Harrison s
Landing in time to be of the greatest service. The army, when it reached Harrison's Landing, Avas greatly exhausted.  The
malaria from  the borders of the Chickahominy and the swamps  throughout the Peninsula, to which it had been  so freely
exposed, noyv manifested its baneful effects upon the health of the men.  In  addition to this, the troops had been inarching and
fighting, for seven days and nights, in a country abounding in pestilential swamps, and traversed by streams greatly swollen by
the heavy rains, yvhich made that region almost a serbonian bog.   The labors of the troops had been excessive; the excitenient,
intense.  They yvere called upon to subsist upon a scanty supply of food, and but little time yvas afforded to prepare even this
meagre alloyvance.   They had little time for sleep, and even yvhen the chance presented itself, it yvas to lie in the rain  and mud,
with the expectation of being called to arms at any moment.  The marching and fighting in such a country, Avith such weather,
Avith lack of food, want of rest, great excitement, and the depression  necessarily consequent upon it, could not  have other than
the effect of greatly increasing the numbers of sick  in the army after it reached Harrison's  Landing.  Scurvy had made  its
appearance before the  arrival of the army there.  The seeds of this disease had doubtless been planted some months previously,
and yvere due not merely to the want of vegetables, but also to exposure to cold and wet, yvorking and sleeping in the mud and 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL DIRECTOR LETTERMAN.
93
 rain and, also, to the inexperience of the troops in taking proper care of themselves under difficult circumstances.   This disease
 is not to be dreaded merely because of the numbers it sends upon the reports of sick.  Its  infhience goes much further, and
 the causes yvhich  give rise to it undermine the strength, depress the spirits, take ayvay the  eneigy, courage, and elasticity of
 those Avho do not report themselves sick, and yvho yet are not yvell.  They do not feel sick, and yet  their energy, their powers
 of endurance, and their yvillingness to undergo hardship are, in a great degree, gone, and they knoyv not yvhy.  In this way, it
 had affected the fighting powers of the army much more than yvas indicated by the numbers it had sent upon the reports of sick.
 All these influences yvere not Avithout their effect upon the medical  officers, as well as upon the rest of the army.  A number of
 these became sick from the exposure and privation to which they had been subjected, and those yvho  did not succumb  entirely
 to these  influences yvere worn  out by the excessive labor  required of them during the campaign  upon  the  Peninsula, and
 especially upon the labor incident to the battles immediately preceding the arrival  of  the army at Harrison's  Landing.  The
 nature of tbe military operations unavoidably placed the medical department, yvhen the army reached  this point, in a condition
 far from being satisfactory.  The  supplies had been exhausted almost entirely, or had, from  necessity, been abandoned.  The
 hospital tents had been almost universally abandoned or destroyed ; the arrangement of the ambulances  yvas not in such a state
 as to render very effective service, and the circumstances under yvhich the army yvas placed  required a much  larger number of
 medical officers to perform the duties which yvere thrown upon that portion of the staff.  It yvas  impossible to obtain proper
 reports of the number of sick in the army at Harrison's Landing.   Nor had the causes just referred to  yet produced their full
 effects.  After about six thousand sick had been sent ayvay on  the transports, tyvelve thousand seven  hundred and ninety-five
 remained.  The data on yvhich to  base the precise per centage of sick and yvounded could not be obtained at this date ;  but, from
 the most careful estimate yvhich I could make, in the absence of positive data, the sickness amounted  to  at least twenty per
 centum.  On the 1st of July, I directed the Harrison House to be taken and used as  a hospital, as  it yvas the  only available
 building for the purpose in that vicinity, although entirely inadequate to meet the yvants of  the  army.  Only a feyv wall tents
 could be obtained at that time, yvith yvhich  to enlarge the capacity of the hospital.   No regulation hospital  tents  could be
 procured.  The rain began to fall heavily early on  the morning  of July 2d, and continued, yvith little interruption, until the
 evening of the 3d.  A feyv yvounded came to the hospital on the 1st; on the 2d, and, thereafter, for several days, they  came in
 great numbers.  Details of medical officers yvere required to yvork  day and night, and continued to work faithfully until all the
 yvounded yvho desired assistance had received it.  The absence of tents prevented shelter being provided,  and the great majority,
 being slightly wounded, yvere obliged to find protection from the rain as best they could,  the more serious cases being  kept in
 the building knoyvn as tbe Harrison  House.  The labors of the medical officers were excessive, but no relaxation yvas  given
 until all yvho required attention had received it. The greatest difficulty experienced at this time yvas providing  proper food,
 yvhich very many needed much more than medical or surgical aid.   Very soon large cauldrons and supplies of beef stock yvere
 obtained from the medical purveyor, and hard bread from the commissary department.   Excellent soup yvas prepared and freely
 issued, relays of cooks being, at first, employed night and day.  This hospital yvas afteryvard sufficiently enlarged, by  hospital
 tents, to contain tyvelve hundred  patients, and, yvhen the army left Harrison's Landing, the tents were removed to  Craney
 Island, near Fort Monroe, and a hospital Avas established there by-Surgeon A. E. Stocker, U. S. V., Avho conducted the  remoATal
 and re-establishment of the hospital speedily and Avell.  The transports for the sick and wounded, except those that  had been
 sent to the North  from the Pamunky River, reached the army on the 2d of July.  These vessels Avere fitted up Avith beds,
 bedding, medicines, hospital stores, food with many delicacies, and with arrangements for  their preparation;  everything, indeed,
 that yvas necessary for the comfort and well being of the yvounded and-sick.  Surgeons, steyvards, and nurses Avere assigned to
 their respective  boats, and remained Avith them Avherever they yvent.  I doubt if ever vessels had been so completely fitted up
 for the transportation of sick and wounded of an army as these vessels had been by your orders.  The shipment of the Avounded
 and sick began on the 2d of July, in the rain, and was continued day and night until a  very large number had been sent aAvay.
 The want of shelter and proper accommodations at that time, at Harrison's Landing, rendered it necessary to send ayvay many
 who, under more favorable circumstances, would not have been sent out of the army.   The weather yvas so  inclement, the mud
 so excessive, and  the shelter so yvholly inadequate, that  there was an  evident disposition on the part of medical officers to
 consider compassionately any case of sickness or of wounds yvhich presented itself.  Had they not been sent  on ship-board, they
 must have remained out in the rain and  mud, shelterless and yvithout proper food.  On  the 15th of July, about seven  thousand
 had been sent to Fort Monroe or to Northern hospitals.   A large number still remained, and, during the first Aveek while the
 shipment yvas in progress, the troops that remained by the colors yvere suffering seriously  from the  effects of the late campaign.
 The deadly malarial poison yvas producing its full effects, and, yvith the yvant of proper food,  and exposure to the rain, and fatigues,
 Avas now being fully manifested in the  prevalence of malarial fevers of a typhoid type, diarrhoeas, and scurvy.  Whilst the
 shipment of Avounded and  sick Avas going on, and as  soon as the pressing necessities of the first few days were provided  for, my
 attention was given to ascertain the most expeditious  method of improving the health of the  army.  The  results of the
 investigations made and the means considered proper for adoption, many of which had already been  enforced in the case, Avere
 set forth in a communication I transmitted to Brigadier General  S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant  General, on July 18th.  An
 extract from this communication was  published to the army, in orders, and from this  extract I quote enough  to  indicate the
 views yvhich I then submitted for the consideration  of the  Commanding General:  ' The diseases prevailing in  our army are
 generally of a mild type, and are not increasing.   Their chief causes  are, in my opinion, the yvant  of proper food, and that
 improperly prepared, exposure to  the malaria of syvamps, and the inclemencies of the yveather, excessive fatigue, and  want of
 natural rest, combined yvith  great excitement of several  days' duration, and the  exhaustion consequent thereon.    I yvould
 recommend,  to remedy these evils,  that food,  yvith  abundance of fresh vegetables, shelter, rest, yvith  a moderate amount of
 exercise, be given  all the troops, and general and personal  police be enforced.  To accomplish this, I Avould suggest  that an
 abundant supply of fresh onions and potatoes be used by the troops daily, for a fortnight,  and, thereafter, at least twice  a yveek,
cost what they may; that  the desiccated vegetables,  dried apples or peaches, and pickles,  be used thrice  a week; that a supply
of fresh bread, by floating ovens  or other methods, he distributed at least three  times a week;  that  the food be prepared by
companies, and not by squads;  and that there be tyvo men detailed from each company as permanent  cooks, to  be governed in 
94
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ANTIETAM  CAMPAIGN.
making the soups and cooking by the enclosed directions ; that wells be dug as deep as the water will permit; that the troops
be provided yvith tents or other shelter, to protect them from the sun and rain, yvhich shall be raised daily and struck once a
Aveek upon iicav ground ; the tentes d'abri also to be placed over neyv ground once a week ; that the men be required to cut pine
tops, sprerd them  thickly in their tents, and not sleep on the ground ;  that camps be formed, not in the yvoods, but at a short
distance from  them, Avhere a free circulation of  pure air can be procured, and where the ground has been exposed to the sun
and air to such an  extent as to vitiate the noxious exhalations from damp ground saturated with emanations from the human
body and  from the decaying vegetation.  Sleep during the day yvill not compensate for the  loss of it at night: and I surest
that, as far as possible, the troops be alloyved the natural time for rest; that  not more than tAvo drills per day be had, one in
the morning, from  six and a quarter to  seven, and  one in the evening, from  six and a half to seven and a quarter; that
the men be alloAved to sleep until  sunrise, and that they have their  breakfast as soon as they rise.  This, yvith the labor
required for policing, yvill be sufficient during the present season.  That when troops march, they should have breakfast, if only
a cup of coffee, before starting, and after their arrival in camp, each man be given a gill of whiskey in a canteen three-fourths
filled yvith Avater.   I yvould also recommend that the strictest attention be paid to policing,  general and special; that all the
troops be  compelled to bathe once a yveek, a regiment at a time, if possible, being marched  to the river, from a brigade, one
hour after sunrise, or an hour and a half before sunset, to remain in the water fifteen minutes; that sinks be dug and used, six
inches of  earth being thrown into them daily, and yvhen filled to Avithin two feet of the  surface, new sinks to be dug and the
old ones filled up; that holes be dug at each company kitchen for the refuse matter,  and filled in like manner; that the entire
grounds of each regiment be thoroughly policed  every day, and the refuse matter, including that from stables and Avagon vards
be buried  tyvo feet beloyv the surface or burned; that dead animals, and the blood and offal from slaughtered animals, be not
merely covered with a layer of earth, but buried at least four feet under ground.   That the spaces between regiments he kept
policed, and no nuisance whatever be allowed anyyvhere within the limits of this army; and that regimental  commanders be
held strictly accountable that this most important matter is attended to.  I think if these  suggestions be carried into effect, that
yve may, Avith reason, expect the health of this army to be in as good a state as that of any army in the field.  Every effort is
being made by tbe commissary and quartermaster departments to provide such articles as I have mentioned, belonging to their
departments.'  This extract will, perhaps, be sufficient  to explain the vieyvs entertained by me on this subject, so vital to the
army and to the country.  After about seven thousand sick and wounded had been sent away, there remained twelve thousand
nine hundred and seventy-five, making a total of nearly tyventy thousand.  The greater portion of this army reached Harrison's
Landing on the 2d of July.   On that day, 1  addressed a letter to the Surgeon General, asking that one thousand hospital tents
and  tyvo hundred  ambulances might speedily be sent for  the use of the army.   I felt convinced  that great destitution in tents
would be  found to exist, and that many ambulances had been lost, and that it yvould be necessary to have both of these  articles
replaced.   The tents, I considered, would be especially needed to shelter the yvounded and sick, whom it yvould be desirable to
keep with the army.  No one thing so much disheartens troops and causes homesickness  among those yvho are well, as sending
sick to hospitals outside of the army to which they belong.   Such was the experience of the armies in the Crimea, and such is
the experience of all armies.   On the 7th day of July, the  folloyving communication yvas sent to me from Washington by the
Quartermaster General: 'You yvere, this  day, telegraphed as f'olloyvs, viz: Have ordered tents for fifty thousand men sent to
Harrison's Landing.  Feyv hospital tents on hand;  more making.  For the present,  I advise  the use of some of the yvall tents
lately shipped to Harrison's Landing.   But Avhy not send your sick and wounded at once to Fort Monroe, to be transferred to
a  healthier place?  Sick and yvounded are  not useful at  such a place as that at Harrison's Landing.'  On the 9th of July,
General Meigs informed me that he had ordered two  hundred ambulances from  Philadelphia, and two hundred and fifty
hospital tents from Washington to Fort Monroe,  saying, the remaining seven hundred and fifty hospital tents will be forwarded
as soon as made.   It yvill be perceived that it  was owing to no Avant of foresight on the part of the medical department, if
proper shelter was not provided.  Three hundred  hospital tents reached Harrison's Landing on the 18th of. July.  On the 1st
of August, I  yvas  informed that a large number had arrived, together Avith a number  of ambulances.  The tents, as far aa
they were needed, Avere used for the accommodation of the sick.  The ambulances Avere distributed before we marched towards
Yorktown.  Before the communication to Brigadier General Seth Williams, Assistant Adjutant General, of July 18th, was
written, the existence of scurvy attracted my serious  consideration, and, upon consultation Avith Colonel F. H. Clarke, chief
commissary of the  army, large supplies of potatoes, onions,  cabbage, tomatoes, squash, beets, and fresh bread were ordered by
him.   The first arrival of antiscorbutics Avas on the 7th of July.  Potatoes and onions arrived on July 20th, and, thereafter, the
supplies Avere  so abundant that potatoes, onions, and cabbage  rotted at the Avharf for want of some one to take them away.
The fresh bread yvas eagerly sought for by the men, as they loathed the hard bread which they had used for so  many yveeks.
This loathing yvas no affectation, for this bread is difficult to masticate, is dry and inspid, absorbs all the secretions poured into
mouth and stomach, and leaves none for the  digestion of other portions  of the food.  The craving for fresh bread yvas founded
in reason, and yvas not a mere yvhim.  In addition to these vegetables and fresh bread procured by the commissary department,
fifteen hundred boxes of fresh lemons were issued by the medical purveyor to the various hospitals and to the troops.  The
beneficial  effects of this treatment soon became  perceptible on  the  health of the men, and, when we left Harrison's Landing,
scurvy had disappeared from the Army of  the  Potomac.   Whilst  the  army remained  at that  place, supplies of every kind
appertaining to the medical  department were abundant, and large amounts Avere used,  as it was found necessary to re-supply
the regiments of almost the entire army.  Ice was freely, and almost daily supplied by the medical purveyor to the general ana
regimental hospitals  and to  the hospital transports.  The  recommendations contained in my communication to General 8.
Williams, which I have quoted, Avere ordered to be carried  into effect by the General.  The  attention of the Adjutant General
yvas  called to the  subject of police, a matter all important  in an army, on July 12th.   Inspections were made  frequently by
medical officers in the different corps, by officers  sent  upon this  duty from the medical director's  office, and  by myself, to see
that tbe instructions just alluded to yvere enforced.  The duty yvas laborious, and especially so because of the excessive heat in
July  and  August.   These  inspections yvere  purposely made without any intimation to  the commands  to be inspected.  The
beneficial  effects of the inspections yvere very evident,  in the  improvement of the various  camps and regimental hospitals.  In 
 
 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  LETTKRMAN.
95
very few regiments sickness increased.  In others, the sick list remained stationary; in others, it decreased.  On the whole, the
health of the army improved.  On July 30th, I informed the Surgeon General that  the number of sick in the army was about
twelve thousand, of yvhom tyvo thousand could take the field.   The  cases became less severe and more manageable, yielded
more  readily to treatment, and  continued  to  indicate a general tendency to improve, until the  army  evacuated  Harrison's
Landing.  It is impossible to convey, in Avriting, to any one not mingling Avith the troops, a true idea of the improvement Avhich
took place in the health of the men Avhile Ave Avere encamped at that place.  The number reported sick on the regimental  reports
cannot by any means be taken as the true condition of the health of the army upon its arrival  there; it does not give the real
amount of its effective fighting strength.  The yvant of proper nourishment, the  poisonous exhalations from  the streams and
swamps of the Peninsula, the labor undergone, and the anxiety felt, had undermined the strength and Avitheied the spirits of a
great many Avho yvere apparently yvell.  The effective strength of the army yvhen it reached Harrison's Landing, and for some
time thereafter, Avas less than the returns Avould indicate; and then,  on the other hand, there are many Avays in yvhich improved
health manifests itself that cannot be adequately described.  There yvas  so much in the appearance, in  the life and vivacity
exhibited  by the men in tbe slightest actions, even  in the tone of the voice, yvhich conveyed to one's mind  the  impression ot
health and spirits,  of recovered tonicity of mind and body, of the presence of vigorous  and manly courage;  an impression
which, to be understood, must be felt and cannot be told.   The real strength of the army, when  it left Harrison's Landing, was
greater than the large number at that time sent on the transports for the sick yvould  lead you to suppose.  It yvas agreeable to
notice that the measures adopted for the improvement of the health of the troops were so ably and so cordially seconded by the
medical directors of corps that, by their exertions and that of the officers under them, encouraging results yvere brought about,
and that they were so able and  so Avilling to assist in efforts towards  restoring the health, and  re-establishing the vigor of the
Army of the Potomac.  Time shoyved that those yvho yvere not sick Avere Avell, that the spirits of the troops had risen, and that
the army,  yvhen it left Harrison's Landing,  was in a better condition by far than Avhen it reached that place, and that there was
every evidence to expect the health of this army to be in as good a state as that of any army in the field.  From July 15th, the
transports for the sick Avere  chiefly employed in bringing our Avounded  and sick  exchanged  prisoners  from Richmond, and
carrying them to the northern cities; principally to Baltimore, Philadelphia, and NeAV York.  They yvere almost yvholly occupied
in this duty until  August 3d, Avhen  the last exchanges were made at City Point.  Shortly after communication was opened
with the Confederate authorities, large supplies  of fresh lemons, brandy,  lint, and other necessaries were, by direction of the
commanding general, sent to  City Point, to be  turned over to the Confederate authorities for the use of the wounded,  but would
not be received by them, and Avere returned.  The commanding general visited the transports, on their return from  that place
with our wounded, and I inspected every vessel before it yvas allowed  to leave for the north, that I might be certain that every-
thing was  done, and done properly, that Avas necessary for the Avelfare of those on board.  Three thousand eight hundred and
forty-five sick and Avounded Avere thus transported.  After this  time, a portion of these transports, which had been yvhile north
taken from their legitimate use, yvere occupied in carrying exchanged  Confederate prisoners from  the north to City Point.   On
the return  of these boats from this service to Harrison's Landing, they were found to be excessively filthy, and required a great
deal of labor to render them again suitable for  the transportation of the sick.   The use of these vessels in this way embarrassed
me.   *  *  On the 3d of August, the shipment of the sick from the  army commenced, and yvas carried on as rapidly as the
transportation could be obtained.  It yvill be perceived from  what I have just said  that I had at my disposal only a portion ot
the boats set apart for that purpose, and the hospitals I had  drayvn  plans for, and yvhich the  commanding general had directed
the chief quartermaster to procure, Avere not alloAved.  These  two  things embarrassed me much.  *  *  Colonel R. Ingalls,
Quartermaster U. S. A., made every effort in his poAver to aid me in removing the sick, and placed  at different times temporarily
at my disposal, for this purpose, ten steamers.  Some of these could make but one trip, others  made more, and carried, in all,
from the 9th to the night of the loth of August, five thousand nine hundred and  forty-five men.   One thousand nine hundred
and eight men yvere sent away before the  9th on the regular transports.  The  total number sent ayvay, consequent upon the
movement  of the army, Avas fourteen thousand  one hundred and fifty-nine. The largest  number  of boats Avas obtained on the
15th, and on that day and night five thousand six hundred and twenty-nine were sent away.  This fact yvill, I think, shoyv that
the medical department was not idle.  The  delay arising from the use of the transports for purposes  other than that for yvhich
they were  designed, it yvas impossible for me to avoid, and it, at the same time, yvas the cause of another serious evil, the want of
time to have the cases to be sent ayvay properly examined.  From this cause, many were taken on board  yvho should not have
been received;  many men yvere sent from regiments, by colonels or captains, without the knowledge of the medical officers, who
yvere fully  able to do the duty rsquired of them, and, under the circumstances, it became necessary to send  them on to the boats.
This state of things could have been prevented, could the medical  department have had  full  control of  its  vessels, yvhen the
preparations were commenced to embark the sick.  The delay involved an emergency, under yvhich, it was impossible to have
every case thoroughly examined.   There are  always numbers of skulkers and worthless men in an army, who are  on the
watch for an  opportunity to escape duty, and  these always furnish  the  cases which require the most careful examination, and
the men who raise the cry of inhumanity, Avant of attention, and cruelty of surgeons, so frequently taken  up and re-echoed
from one end of the country to the other.  Out  of three thousand cases examined, upon one arrival at Fort Monroe, six hundred
were fit for duty, and  ordered to their regiments.  When the time and  the means are considered, it will, I think, be conceded
that seldom have so large a number been transported yvithout accident and yvithout suffering.  A careful and attentive medical
officer was  placed on each boat, with medical supplies sufficient for use.  Credit is very deservedly due to Doctor Dunster, and
the medical officers of the vessels, for the manner in yvhich this large number was transported and provided for. The labor was
great.   The supplies appertaining to the medical  department were, OAving to the excellent  manner in which the purveying was
performed by Assistant Surgeon Alexander, U.  S. A., in every Avny abundant Avhile at Harrison's Landing, and when the army
left that place, it Avas,  so far as the medical department Avas  concerned, fully, I might almost say elegantly equipped Avith all
that was requisite for  another campaign.
      The subject  of the  ambulances, after the health of the troops, became  a matter of importance.   Medical officers and
quartermasters had charge  of them, and, as a natural consequence, little care was exercised over them, and they could not be 
96
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS
I—ANTIETAM  CAMPAIGN.
 depended upon during an action or upon a march.   It became necessary to institute some system for their management, such
 that they should not be under the immediate control of medical officers, yvhose duties, especially on the dav of battle, prevented
 any supervision, yvhen supervision yvas, more than at any other time, required.  It seemed to me necessan-, that whil>t medical
 officers should not  have the care of the horses, harness, etc.. belonging to the ambulances, the  system should be such as to
 enable them, at all times, to procure them with facility yvhen wanted for the purpose for which they yvere designed, and to be
 kept under the general control of the medical department.   Neither the kind nor the number of ambulances required were in
 the army at that time, but  it nevertheless yvas necessary to devise  a system that yvould render as available  as  possible the
 material  upon the spot, particularly as the army might move at any time, and it yvas not considered advisable to yvait for the
 arrival of such as had been asked for,  only a portion of yvhich ever came.  In order to inaugurate a system which  would make
 the best of the materials on hand and accomplish the objects just referred to, the following order was yvritten and published In-
 direction of the commanding general.  *  *  [For the details of the ambulance system here referred to, see the account of the
 ambulance system in the Surgical History of the War.—Eds.]
       Whilst the army yvas at  Harrison's Landing, the hospitals at  Point  Lookout, Fcrt Monroe, and its immediate vicinity,
 Portsmouth, and Newport Neyvs were  Avithin the jurisdiction of the Army of the Potomac, and all of them I visited. On  the
 1st of August, there yvere in these hospitals one thousand eight hundred and  twenty patients;  during that month, including the
 hospital at Craney Island, to yvhich I have already alluded, they received five thousand one hundred and ninety-one; making a
 total of seven thousand one hundred and eleven.  Of these,  seven hundred and sixteen were returned to duty, one hundred and
 one discharged, four sent on furlough, nine deserted, and eighty-four died, leaving under treatment five thousand eight hundred
 and seventy-nine.   On the  31st of August, in  these hospitals, during  that month,  sixty-six surgeons,  twelve medical cadets
 tyvelve hospital steyvards, five hundred and thirty-seven  nurses, and one hundred and  twenty-six cooks yvere on dutv.  The
 army had to be transported  uorthyvard, by yvater, from  this  place.  All the vessels that could be obtained, the transports fitted
 up  for the  sick,  as yvell as others, yvere required by the quartermaster's department  for this object.   It appeared that it was
 necessary to have the troops transported with rapidity, as  they Avere sent Avith scarcely any baggage.  It resulted, that the
 ambulances and all their appurtenances yvere left behind, to be sent up  as vessels could be spared for the purpose.  Some of the
 vessels never arrived.  A large portion of the medical  supplies yvere also left behind, in some cases  everything but  the hospital
 knapsack, by orders of colonels  of regiments, regimental quartermasters, and others; in some cases, without the knoyvledge of
 the medical officers;  in others,  notyvithstanding their protest.  For  such acts  as these, medical officers have been severely
 censured, and they were censured afterwards for not having the very supplies yvhich had been left behind in this manner.  From
 the date of the embarkation of the  troops  at Fort Monroe,  up  to the time Avhen the general Avas placed in command of the
 defences of Washington, I know personally but little of the medical department of the Army of the Potomac.  It Avas not under
 my control.  On the 2d of September,  Avhen the general Avas placed in command, it came once more under my control, and I
 found it in a most deplorable condition.  The officers were Avorn doAvn by the labors  they had in the meantime undergone; a
 large portion of their  supplies, as I have stated, had been left at Fort Monroe, and even much of that yvhich they had brought
 with them yvas throyvn on the roadside, I have  been informed by commanding officers, on the Avay to join General Pope.  This
 state of things, taken  in  connection Avith the  effects  upon  the  medical department, arising from  the  campaign,  left it in a
 condition  deeply to be deplored.   The labor expended at Harrison's Landing in rendering it  efficient for active service
 seemed to have  been  expended in vain, and before it could  be in a condition to render such service again it yvas necessary that
 it should be completely refitted.  The circumstances under yvhich the army yvas then placed made this simply impossible; there
 yvas not time to do it, for as  soon as the troops reached the defences of Washington, they yvere marched into Maryland, and no
 time could be alloyved for medical  officers again to equip themselves yvith the medicines, instruments, dressings, and stores
 necessary for the campaign in that state.   In a feAV instances, the medical officers yvho returned yvith  the first troops were able to
 obtain a feyv supplies,  but  these opportunities yvere feyv.  Some corps, yvhich did  not  belong to the Army of the Potomac whilst
 it lay  at  Harrison's Landing, yvere also marched rapidly into Maryland, of the condition of whose medical supplies I could
 knoyv nothing, except on the  way to meet the enemy.  The medical department had to be, as it yvere, reorganized and re-supplied,
 and this had to he done while upon a rapid march over different sections of the country, and almost in face of the enemy.
       Before leaving Washington, I had ordered a number of hospital wagons from Alexandria, Virginia, yvhich reached me at
 Rockville, in Maryland,  yvhence they  yvere distributed  to the  different corps.  While  at this place,  I directed the medical
 purveyor in Baltimore to put up certain supplies, and have  them ready to send to such a point as  I should direct.  Upon our
 arrival at Frederick, on September 13th, directions were given for the establishment  of hospitals at that place, for the reception
 of yvounded  in the anticipated battles, and additional  supplies,  to a large amount, yvere ordered to be sent from Baltimore at
 once.  The Confederate troops had been in this city but the day before  our arrival, and almost all the medical supplies had been
 destroyed, or had been taken by  them.   Just previous to our arrival in Frederick, two hundred ambulances were received from
 Washington, yvhich I distributed to the corps, as rapidly as the movement of the troops Avould permit.  The failure of the railroad
 company to forward the supplies caused serious annoyance.   The railroad bridge over the Monocacy creek, betAveen Frederick
 and Baltimore, having been destroyed by the  Confederate troops, made it necessary  to have all the  supplies of the quarter-
 masters and  commissary, as well as medical departments, removed at that point.  A great deal of confusion and delay was the
 consequence, Avhich seriously embarrassed  the  medical  department; and  not from this  cause alone, but from the fact that the
 cars loaded with supplies for its use  were on some occasions syvitched off and left on the side of the road, to make way for oth«r
stores ; and some of  the supplies, I have been informed, never left Baltimore.  The battle of Smth  Mountain took place on the
 14th.  The village of Middletoyvn, about four miles in  rear of the scene of action, yvas thoroughly examined before the battle
began, to aseertain its adaptability  for the care of the Avounded.   Churches and other buildings  yvere taken, as far as was
 considered necessary, and yet causing as little inconvenience as possible to the citizens residing there.   Houses and barns, the
latter large and commodious, yvere selected in the most sheltered places, on the right and left of the field, by the medical directors
cf the  corps engaged,  where the yvounded were first  received,  whence they yvere  removed  to Middletown, the  Confederate
wounded  as  well as our oavh.  The battle lasted until some time after dark, and as soon as the  firing ceased I returned to 
Appendix to TartI,Med .&. Surg. History of the Rebellion.
J.Bien Phctolith. 
 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL DIRECTOR  LETTERA1AN.                            97
M'ddletoyvn and visited all the hospitals and gave such  directions as were necessary for the better care of the Avounded.  On
tl  folloyving morning, Assistant Surgeon Wm. Thomson, U. S. A., yvas directed to take charge of all the hospitals in the village,
  d Surgeon T. Theodore Heard, U. S. V., Surgeon P. Pineo, U. S. V., and Surgeon C. J. N*dquist, 83d New York Volunteers,
 •ere sent to consult together, and yvith him, and to perform such  operations as yvere demanded.  The object in sending these
 fficers yvas to have all necessary operations done as soon  as possible, as it yvould be impracticable  for the surgeons in charge of
the different hospitals to perform them all in  season, and at the same time to  attend to the other duties required of them.  The
work of these officers was very satisfactorily performed.  The hospitals yvere soon put in good condition, and the men were
well attended to.  Supplies of medicines and stores  were, in  part, obtained  from the supplies- in the army, and, in part, from
Frederick.   Owing to the causes already alluded to, it required no little exertions to obtain them from this place.  The difficulty
was hoyvever, overcome, and such as yvere needed,  yvere, from time to time, procured.  The task  of providing  food for the
wounded was one of still greater difficulty; but Avas accomplished by having it brought from Frederick, and by purchasing
from the people living in the village and vicinity.  As yvas anticipated, the yvounded, under the supervision of Assistant Surgeon
Thomson, who  labored  unceasingly,  yvere attended  yvith great care, and the hospitals placed in excellent condition.  Great
kindness yvas sIioavu by  the citizens, and especially by the ladies, to our Avounded, until the hospitals were broken up.
      The battle of Crampton's  Gap  took  place also on  September 14, 1862, at the same time that the engagement at South
Mountain Avas in progress.  The hospitals for the wounded were located at Burkettsville, about a mile in the rear of our troops.
As in the village of Middletown, churches  and other buildings yvere here appropriated for hospital purposes.   A  sufficient
number of surgeons Avere detailed by Surgeon W. J. H.  White, U. S. A., Medical Director of the Sixth Corps (the only corps
engaged), Avho  had charge of the medical department in  the  action.  There yvas  but short time given to prepare hospitals in
either of these villages,  as the troops  left Frederick and  fought both battles the  same  day.  By the exertions of the medical
officers in charge, the hospitals in Burkettsville yvere in a short  time put in good order, and every care taken of the men brought
to them.  *  *   The same  difficulty  existed here  as in Middletown, regarding supplies of medicines, hospital stores and food,
and were overcome in like manner.   The most reliable  reports that can be  obtained show one thousand two hundred and
fourteen yvounded in these tyvo engagements.  While these figures are not deemed entirely  accurate, they are throught to
approximate very nearly to the actual number yvounded, those of the Confederate forces not being included.
      The army pushed on rapidly,  and passing through the village of Boonsboro' on the following day, the 15th, it Avas
examined, to ascertain what accommodation it afforded for hospital  purposes, in the event they should be required there.  Later
in the evening,  yve passed  through the village of Keedysydlle,  a feyv miles  beyond,  which yvas also subjected  to a similar
inspection.   Passing beyond this village, we came in  sight, late in the evening, of what afterwards proved to be the battlefield
of Antietam. As soon as the nature of the country  and its resources  for hospital purposes could be ascertained, and when a
conception  Avas formed of the nature of the anticipated battle, and the  position to be occupied by our troops, directions were
given to the corps medical directors to form their hospitals, as  far as possible, by divisions, and at such a distance in the rear of
the line of battle as to be secure from the shot and shell of the enemy; to select the houses and barns most easy of access, and
such as were well supplied Avith hay or straAV, and Avater; and, when circumstances would permit, to designate barns as preferable
to houses, as being at that season of the year well provided with straAV, better ventilated, and likely to enable the medical officers
with more facility to attend to a greater  number of wounded, and to have all the hospital supplies taken to such points as were
selected.  These  directions were generally carried into effect, and yet the hospitals were  not  always beyond tbe range of the
enemy's guns.  Very feyv hospital tents could be obtained, owing to the haste yvith which the army marched from Virginia into
Maryland;  but  the weather was such as  to enable the yvounded to  be cared  for yvithout them.  A reference  to  the  map
accompanying this report yvill exhibit  better than  any  description the location of these hospitals,  which were necessarily
numerous, from the length of the line of  battle and the obstinacy with yvhich the engagement yvas contested,
      The battle commenced on the evening of September 16th, and continued until dark; it was renewed early in the morning
of the 17th, and lasted until night. During the day,  I received valuable aid from Assistant Surgeon B. Hoyvard, U. S. A., who
was busily engaged while the battle  yvas in progress in riding to different parts of the field, and keeping me informed of the
condition of medical affairs.  After night, I visited all the hospitals in Keedysville, and gave such  directions as were deemed
necessary.   The subject of supplies, always a source of serious  consideration, yvas here peculiarly so.   The condition of affairs at
Monocacy Creek remained as heretofore described, and the action of the railroad was not commensurate with the demands made
upon it. The propriety of obtaining the hospital wagons from Alexandria was evident, as these gave a supply for tbe emergency,
and enabled surgeons to attend to the yvounded as soon as the battle opened.   On the close of the  battle, supplies of medicines,
Btimulants, dressings, and stores yvere sent for and brought from Frederick in ambulances, and were  distributed to the different
hospitals as they-were  needed.   The fear of the supplies becoming exhausted, for the difficulty of procuring them  was well
known, caused uneasiness on the part of  some medical officers, who did not  know the  efforts that  had been made before, and
were made during and after the battle, to have enough furnished to supply their wants.  I visited., after the battle, every hospital
in the rear of our lines,  and in no instance did I find  any undue suffering for  lack of medical supplies.  Owing to the difficulty
in having them brought from Monocacy Creek, for the first feyv days, the supplies of some articles became scanty, and in some
instances very much so; but they yvere soon renewed, and, at the temporary depot established in Sharpsburg, shortly after the
battle, a sufficient quantity of such articles  as were  necessary from time to time arrived, and Avhen this temporary depot Avas
afterwards broken up, about the middle of October, a portion of the supplies remained  on hand.  Not only were the wounded
of our oAvn army supplied, but all the Confederate wounded, Avhich fell into our hands, were furnished all the medicines, hospital
stores, and dressings that Avere  required  for their use.  The difficulty of supplying the  hospitals  with food yvas a much greater
one than that of providing articles belonging to the medical department, and was a matter of very great concern.  This, a matter
in all battles of moment, was, in this, particularly so,  on account of the distance of the depot of supplies.  An order yvas procured
from Colonel Ingalls for twelve yvagons  to bring up  from Frederick supplies of medicines and food.  These wagons could not
be obtained.  Two yvere then procured from the chief quartermaster at headquarters, and I sent them in command of a medical
officer, yvho brought up supplies of coffee, sugar, and bread.  The hospitals were  soon afterward abundantly supplied.  I have
        13 
98
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ANTIETAM  CAMPAIGN.
already mentioned that the ambulances had been left at Fort Monroe, yvhen the troops embarked, and that no system existed
except in the corps which belonged to the Army of the Potomac, Avhile at Harrison's Landing.  A portion of the ambulances of
some of the corps arrived just pri&r to the battle; a large number had been distributed in other corps, but were vet unorganized
and yvas not expected that they yvould prove as efficient as yvas  desired.  Notyvithstanding, the yvounded yvere brought froni the
field on our right before two o'clock on the folloyving day.  The ambulance train of the Second Corps was more fully equipped
and did most excellent service, under the charge of Captain J. M. Garland, who labored  diligently, and yvith great cure  until
all his yvounded were removed.   The troops on the left were those among whom no well organized  ambulance system existed•
but here, OAving to the exertions of the medical officers, the Avounded were removed by the evening of September 18th.  When yve
consider  the duration and magnitude of the  engagement, and the obstinacy  Avith  Avhich it was contested, it is a matter of
congratulation to speak of the expeditious and careful manner in yvhich the yvounded were removed from the field.  Compiled
from the most reliable sources at my command, the  number of yvounded amounted to eight  thousand three hundred and fifty.
This number is not  entirely accurate, as many who were slightly wounded Avere attended to, of Avhose cases no record could
under the circumstances, be taken.  The removal of so large a body of yvounded was no small task.  The journey to Frederick
in ambulances yvas tedious and tiresome,  and often  painful to wounded men.  It yvas  necessary that they should  halt at
MiddletOAvn for food, and to take rest; that food should always be provided at this place at the proper time, and for the proper
number; that  the hospitals at Frederick should not  be overcroyvded; that the ambulances  should not arrive too soon for the
trains of cars  at the depot at Frederick, the  bridge over Monocacy Creek having been rebuilt; and that the ambulance horses
should not be broken doyvn by the constant labor required of them.  With rare exceptions, this yvas accomplished, and all the
wounded whose safety would not be jeopardized by the journey, were sent carefully and  comfortably away.  The hospitals in
Frederick yvere  soon established and put  in  order by Surgeon J. J. Milhau, U.  S. A.  In addition  to the hospitals in the
city, tyvo large camps of hospital tents were formed on the outskirts of the city, capable of containing one thousand beds each.
One hospital had been established in Frederick some  months before our arrival; but at that time it yvas filled chiefly with
Confederate sick and  wounded, yvho had  been left there.  All the available buildings in this city, six in number, yvere taken
for hospitals.  *  *   These were fitted  up  with great rapidity, the buildings selected and prepared; beds, beddings, dressings,
stores, food, cooking arrangements made; surgeons, stewards, cooks and nurses  detailed, and sent for.  On September 30th,
these hospitals contained two thousand  three  hundred and tyventy-one patients.  The camps, to which I have just alluded, were
formed in  October,  in very  eligible and pleasant locations, on  the outskirts of  the toyvn.  In these  hospitals and camps,
sixty-two surgeons, fifteen medical cadets, twenty-two hospital stewards, five hundred and thirty-nine nurses, and one hundred
and twenty-seven cooks yvere on  duty  during the month of October, Avhen all were in operation.  During this month, three
thousand and thirty-two patients, chiefly wounded, yvere received into these hospitals, making, Avith those then under treatment
on the 30th of September, five thousand three hundred and fifty-three.  Of this number, four hundred and three Avere returned
to duty, twenty-three were discharged, three  deserted, four were sent on furlough, two  thousand  and sixty-four Avere sent to
other hospitals, and two hundred and  fifty-three  died; leaving, on  the 31st of October, tyvo thousand six hundred and three
remaining in the  hospitals.  A large number of Avounded Avere sent from the hospitals on the battlefield, through Frederick, to
other hospitals, of whom no record Avas kept, as they were not received into any of the hospitals in that city.  Few, who saAV
these hospitals after their establishment, could form any conception of the labor required to put them  in the good condition in
yvhich they were kept.  The zeal and ability displayed by Surgeon J. J. Milhau, U.  S. A., in their organization and management,
and the hearty cooperation he at all times gave me, deserve especial mention.  In addition to our own wounded, we had to
care for  two thousand five hundred Confederate wounded from the battle of South Mountain,  Crampton's Gap, and Antietam.
Those captured at South Mountain yvere  taken to  Middletown, and those at Crampton's Gap, to Burkettsville.  When the
general assumed  command of the defences of Washington, the hospitals in Washington and its vicinity yvere placed under my
control.  We left that city for Maryland on September 7th, and a feyv days thereafter, these hospitals, and the medical affairs of
the troops in and around Washington, were placed in the  immediate charge of Surgeon R. 0. Abbott, U. S. A.  *   *  The
folloyving table exhibits the number of hospitals there, and some points of interest connected Avith them:

                                                     Table  X.
Statistics of Military Hospitals in Washington from August 31st  to December 3\st, 1862.
	m	-	-i					<_			o>
	O)		a					cS			,_■
	©	CO			£>			'S< 05 O			a 4/
"3	"3	CD +-~ <— tH	Xi		3 -3			,_:	,_:		Sao
	T_	bon			-*—	r—i		r-l	so		bc.r
o	a	a *_ S 3	° a _		T3 c u	rt	T3 t-<	o o	s o		2
		3 3	g	OS	3		O)				
o	O	Z<	3		OJ	m	<u	c	a		o
fc	»		fc	H	tt	0	Q	o_	O	O	12,932 1____
35	224	11,797	44,253	56,050	12,200	5,454	973	19,708	2,099	2,684	
      The excellent administration of these hospitals, and the complete system of records adopted and  carried out, reflect the
highest credit upon the officer in charge, for to  him it is due.  The  very great assistance Dr. Abbott* so uniformly and so
unreservedly gave me upon all occasions  requires especial notice, and it affords me the greatest pleasure to ask your attention
to the richly deserving merits of this officer.
* AVhose untimely death the medical staff has since had to deplore.—EDS. 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  LETTERMAN.
99
      Immediately after the retreat of the enemy from the field of Antietam, measures yvere taken to have all the Confederate
 wounded gathered in from the field over yvhich they laid scattered in all  directions, and from the houses and barns in the rear
 of their lines, and placed under such circumstances as yvould permit of their being properly attended to, and at such points as
 would enable their removal to be  effected to Frederick, and thence to Baltimore and Fort Monroe to their OAvn lines.  They
 were removed as rapidly as  their  recovery yvould permit.   The duty of  attending to these men yvas assigned to Surgeon J. H.
 Ranch,  U. S. V., to whom assistants yvere given from our OAvn officers, and by all the medical officers Avho had been left by the
 enemy to look after their Avounded. A sufficient number of ambulances and supplies having been placed  at the disposal of
 Surgeon Ranch, these Avounded yvere collected in convenient places, and every thing yvas done to alleviate  their sufferings that
 was done for our oavu men.   Humanity teaches us that a wounded and prostrate foe is not then our enemy.   There were many
 patients whose yvounds yvere so serious that their lives would have been endangered by removal;  and to have  every opportunity
 afforded them for recovery, the Antietam hospital, consisting of hospital tents, and capable of comfortably accommodating nearly
 six hundred patients, yvas established at a place called Smoketown, near Keedysville, for those yvho yvere yvounded on our right,
 and a similar hospital, less  capacious,  the Locust Spring hospital, yvas established in the rear of the Fifth Corps, for the
 wounded on our left.   To one or other of these hospitals, all the wounded were carried, yvhose Avounds yvere of such a character
 as to forbid their removal to Frederick or elsewhere.  The inspections made of these hospitals made knoyvn to me the skilful
 treatment yvhich these men received, and the care yvith  yvhich they were watched over,  and convinced me of tbe propriety of
 the adoption of this course  in regard to them.   Surgeon B. A.  Vanderkieft, U.  S. V.,  who yvas in charge of the Antietam
 hospital, was unceasing in  his labors, and showed  a degree of professional skill and executive ability much  to be  admired.
 Great care and attention yvas shoAvn to the wounded  at the Locust Spring Hospital by Surgeon T.  H.  Squires, 89th Ncav York
 Volunteers, who had charge of it.   Both hospitals Avere kept in  excellent order.   Immediately after the battle, a great many
 citizens came within our lines, in order to remove their relatives or friends yvho had been injured, and in a great  many instances
 when the life of the man depended upon his remaining at rest.  It yvas impossible to make them understand that they were
 better where they yvere, and  that  a  removal yvould probably involve the sacrifice of life.   Their minds seemed bent on having
 their friends in houses.  All yvould, in their  opinion, be Avell if that could be accomplished.  No greater mistake could exist,
 and the results of that battle only added additional evidence of the absolute  necessity to yvounded men of a full supply of pure
 air, constantly reneyved, a supply yvhich  cannot be obtained in the most perfectly constructed building.  Within a few yards, a
 marked contrast could be seen between the wounded in houses, barns, and  in the open air.  Those in houses progressed less
 favorably than those in the barns, those  in the barns less favorably  than  those  in the  open air, although  all were in other
 respects treated alike.  The  capacious barns, abundantly provided with hay and strayv, the delightful weather yvith yvhich yve
 were favored, and  the kiudness  exhibited  by the  people of the  neighborhood  afforded  increased facilities  to  the medical
 department for taking care of the yvounded throyvn upon it by that battle.  From the frequent inspections  yvhich I made from
 time to time, and from the reports of inspections made of the hospitals, and the manner in yvhich  the duties required in them
 were performed by medical officers, it gives me no little pleasure to say that the yvounded had every care that could be bestowed
 upon them ; that they Avere promptly, willingly, and efficiently attended, and, although I have more than once spoken concerning
 the conduct of medical officers on  that battlefield, I  cannot refrain from alluding here to the untiring devotion  shown by them
 to the wounded of that day.  Until all the wounded  were finally disposed of, no pains were  spared,  no labor abstained from, by
 day or  by night, by the medical  officers of this army, to alleviate the sufferings of the thousands of yvounded who looked to
 them for relief.   The  medical  directors of corps, especially Surgeon A. N. Dougherty and Surgeon John McNulty, yvere
 untiring in  their exertions and unceasing in their labors, and were ably assisted by the staffs under their  command.  Very
 few delinquencies occurred, and these Avere swalloyved up by the devotion exhibited by the  rest of the medical staff during and
 long after the battle.  The surgery of these battlefields has been pronounced by some journals butchery; gross misrepresentations
 of the conduct of medical officers  have been scattered broadcast over the  country, causing deep  anxiety to  those yvho had
 relatives in the army.  It is not to be supposed that there yvere no incompetent "surgeons in the army;  but  these sweeping
 denunciations against  a class of  men yvho  favorably  compare  with  the military  surgeons of any country,  because of the
 incompetency of a few, are  wrong,  and  do injustice to a body of men  yvho have labored  faithfully and yvell.  It is easy to
 magnify faults beyond the bounds of truth; it is equally  easy to ignore the good that has been done.  Some  medical officers
 lost their lives in their devotion to  duty  in the battle of Antietam, and others sickened  from the  excessive labor Avhich they
 conscientiously performed.  If any objection could be urged against the surgery  of those fields, it should be to the efforts of
 surgeons to practice conservative  measures to too great  an  extent.  I  had better opportunities, perhaps, than any one else to
 form an opinion, and, from my observations, I am convinced that if any fault was committed, it Avas that the knife yvas not used
 enough.  So much  has been said  on  this matter  that,  familiar as I am  with the conduct of the medical officers  on those
 battlefields,  I cannot, as the Medical Director of the army, see them  misrepresented  and  be silent.  After these battles, the
 army remained some time in Maryland, preparing for the coming campaign in Virginia.   During this time,  I yvas occupied in
 having the wounded well cared for,  and  properly sent ayvay; in making suitable provisions for those yvhose safety required that
 they should not be removed, and  in making such changes as  experience and observations, during those battles and the short
 time that I had occupied the position of medical  directcr, convinced me Avere necessary.  Hitherto large amounts of medical
 supplies had been lost, and in various ways wasted, and, not unfrequently, all the  supplies for a  regiment  had been throyvn
 away for want of transportation, and, of course, Avere not on hand when Avanted.  It yvas necessary that this should be remedied,
 and, in order to do so, it yvas necessary to diminish the amount that was furnished a regiment at one time, Avhich would affect the
 whole existing system, and  make  the change a radical one.  The objects yvhich it yvas considered as  >'esirable to attain Avere,
 to reduce the waste which took place Avhen large supplies were ft cne time issued to regiments, t:> have a supply given them,
 small, but sufficient for all immediate yvarts, and  to have these  supplies easily attainable, and  replenished yvithout difficulty,
when required, and Avithout  a multiplication of papers and accounts.  It yvas necessary,  also, that they should be transported
with facility, and that no trouble  should  be  experienced in having them in abundance at the field  hospitals  in time of action;
and yet, at the same, to preserve a proper  degree of accountability.   To accomplish this, a system of supplying by brigades yvas 
 100                        APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ANTIETAM  CAMPAIGN.

 adopted on the 4th of October, l*-'62.       :  Before the adoption of this system,  one, and sometimes tAvo yvngons yvere required
 to transport the medical  supplies of a regiment, and another wagon Avas required to transport  cooking utensils, hospital tents
 and  bag_age of medical  officers.  With the neAV system, one yvagon sufficed for the medical department of a regiment•  on'
 yvagon yvas added to a brigade, and the essential medicines and supplies Avere in such shape as permitted them to be carried on
 n. horse, if necessary, and not abandoned and lost as heretofore.  *  *  No system of field hospitals existed, that I yvas awar
 of, and being convincedof the necessity of adopting some measures by which the yvounded could receive the best  surgical aid
 which the army afforded, and yvith the least delay, my thoughts yvere naturally turned to this most  important subject.  On the
 field of battle, above all  other places, confusion is most liable to ensue, and,  unless some method is observed by yvhich certain
 surgeons have specific duties to perform, and every officer has his place pointed out beforehand  and  his duties defined, and held
 to a strict responsibility for their proper performance, the Avounded  must, of course, suffer.  To remedy the Avant yvhich existed
 the folloyving circular was issued.       *       *
       [For the details of the plan here referred to, see  the  account of the ambulance system  in  the  Surgical History of  the
 War.—Eds.]
       I have alluded  to the loss  of  medical officers in  battle.   Three  of them fell upon the battlefield of Antietam yvhose
 devotion to duty I cannot pass over.  Surgeon W. J. H. White, U.  S. Army, medical director of the  Sixth Corps, under General
 Franklin,  Avas killed on  that field by a shot from the enemy.   He Avas  a skillful surgeon, a gallant  officer, and a gentleman
 whose deportment Avas kind and courteous to all Avho had intercourse yvith him.  These admirable traits, together yvith  his
 familiarity yvith the medical affairs of that corps, made his loss  deeply to be deplored, and especially on that day.  Assistant
 Surgeon Revere, of the 20th Massachusetts Volunteers, accompanying his regiment into the midst of the fight, fell by the hands
 of the enemy, nobly and  fearlessly discharging his duty to the Avounded.   Assistant Surgeon A. A. Kendall, of the 12th Massa-
 chusetts Volunteers, yvas killed by the  enemy yvhile Avith his regiment in this battle.  He was a faithful and  efficient officer
 active and zealous in his devotion to  his  duty, to which he fell a victim in the  midst of battle.  I cannot  act justly without
 mentioning the faithful services of  Hospital Steward Kaldeway, U.  S. Army,  yvho has been constantly  yvith me.  His attention
 to duty has been invariably most marked.   Shrinking from no labor by day or by night, in everything he has acquitted himself
 to my entire satisfaction, and it gives me no little  pleasure to bring to  your notice a non-commissioned officer who has acted
 so well.
       We crossed the Potomac, and entered Virginia early in November, in anticipation of another battle  soon  taking place.
 Nothing of special interest  occurred in the medical department during our very rapid  march through that  portion of the state
 yvhich was traversed by  the  army.  My arrangements had been made,  and the necessary instructions  given to the  medical
 directors of the corps, and  with the hearty cooperation they were affording me, I felt that, should the anticipated battle occur
 shortly after our arrival at  Warrenton, the medical  department would be more able than it had been hitherto to discharge the
 duties devolving upon it.
       General McClellan yvas relieved from the command of the Army of the Potomac on the 5th of November, and the battle
 did not take place.  Upon my first intervieyv with him at Harrison's Landing, I perceived the great interest taken by General
 McClellan in everything connected with the medical department of this army.   Time only served to strengthen my convictions,
 and continued to assure me of his constant solicitude for the Avelfare of the sick and wounded in the army under his command.
 Amidst the most pressing engagements, he found time to give his attention to  exevy suggestion for their benefit which I had to
 offer,  and  I  feel the most grateful remembrance of the  unvarying confidence  and  support  Avhich he heartily gave  me  in
 everything yvhich  I considered condusive to that  end.
       Major General A.  E. Burnside  assumed command of this army on the 9th day of November, 1862, at Warrenton. On
 the 17th of that month, Ave left that place for Fredericksburg, and arrived opposite that city on the 19th  of the same month.  It
 Avas generally believTed that, upon our  arrival there, Ave Avould at once cross the Rappahannock and  take possession of the city.
 This yvas  not done, and it soon  became  apparent that, if yve attempted to  do so, a battle yvould ensue.  Shortly after we left
 Maryland, the medical  purveyor of this army, Assistant  Surgeon T.  J. McMillin, U. S. A., yvas directed to leave  Knoxville,
 Maryland, and to proceed yyi u his supplies to Washington, and await orders, and be  prepared to  leave at any moment.  He
 was ordered to vYarrenton,  whither he arrived shortly after the army, and yvas engaged in issuing supplies until the troops left
 that place, when he was ordered to Washington,  and thence to Aquia  Creek, yvhere he yvas to be prepared to issue.   After the
 arrival of the army before Fredericksburg, it became evident that Ave could not occupy that city,  nor proceed further on, without
 a battle.   Great uncertainty existed as to  the time such an engagement yvould take place.  It became necessary to see that
 everything in the medical  department should be ready for any emergency which might arise.  The  principal  objects to  be
 accomplished yvere, that an extra amount of supplies for such an occasion should be on hand and easily attainable yvhen wanted,
 that the organization of the ambulance corps  should be carried into effect in those corps which did not belong to this army
 when the  order  establishing it Avas issued, and that it should be more perfectly put in force in the others than it had been
 hitherto.   Ample supplies of medicines,  instruments, stimulants,  and anaesthetics  were  ordered from New York  and Washing-
 ton for the medical purveyor, yvho, after his arrival at Aquia Creek, yvas kept busily employed at this depot in issuing to the
 medical officers.  In addition to these supplies, large quantities, over and above yvhat were required for issue, of  beef stock,
 stimulants, dressings, milk,  coffee, tea, blankets, and underclothing Avere  ordered  and kept on hand, ready to be sent  to any
 point Avhere they might be needed.  All  the hospital Autenrieth Avagons that could be procured  were distributed.  1 regretted
 that there were not enough to supply each brigade; but this I had no  poAver to remedy.  The medical  directors of corps Avere
informed that  an extra amount of the articles needed during an engagement would be on  hand at an easily accessible point,
and Avould be obtained yvithout difficulty.   This information they Avere directed to  convey to the officers  under them, which yvas
promptly done.  The requirements institution of  field hospitals were to be attended to.  The details Avere made in each corps,
the necessary blanks distributed, and every step taken, as far as could be, before,an action, to carry the instructions contained
therein into effect.   The ambulance corps in each  army corps was examined, and  requisitions made  for such numbers  as were
needed to make up  the alloyvance.   Horses, harness, stretchers, lanterns,  and  all  that yvas  necessary for  putting the trains in 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL DIRECTOR  LETTERMAN.                          101
 serviceable order were procured, and officers Avere assigned, and men detailed to complete and render effective the organization.
 The operations of this corps upon  the field of battle will give ample evidence of the propriety of the order establishing it, and
 of expending time and labor in its organization and  equipment.   Five hundred hospital  tents were, at my request, ordered by
 Colonel R. Ingalls, the chief quartermaster of the army, and kept at the depot, ready, at any moment, for use yvhen  required.
 These arrangements required no little expenditure of  time and  labor.   During this period frequent intervieyvs took place yvith
 the medical directors of corps and other medical officers and yvith the ambulance officers, and such advice and instructions were
 given as yvere deemed expedient.
      On the 10th of December, the pontoons yvere ready to be throyvn over the Rappahannock, and the batteries yvere placed
 in position on the north side of the river.   I did not anticipate many Avounded among the artillerists, and therefore directed but
 three places to be selected  for the yvhole line, near which the hospitals  for the batteries should be located, and had officers
 detailed to attend to them.   My anticipations regarding the number of yvounded yvere realized.   The nature of the battle yvhich
 was about to occur, so far as the medical department  was concerned, Avas peculiar.  It was necessary that provision should be
 made for the Avounded near where  they might be injured.  In the attempt to throyv the pontoons over the river, great opposition
 was probable, and should the bridge be constructed and the troops attempt to cross, it was thought that it would be done under
 the fire  of the enemy's guns, yvhich, planted on the heights beyond the city,  commanded  the bridges and streets leading from
 them into the city.  In this case,  ample accommodations must be made  for a large number of yvounded on the north side of
 the river.  Should yve succeed in  crossing, and carry the place yvithout opposition, the troops would, in all probability, be at
 once pushed on, and attempt to carry the heights beyond yvhich commanded the city.   In this case, everything must be  prepared
 for the establishment of hospitals at once on the south side of the river.  It yvas necessary that both these contingencies should
 be provided for.    In case yve  attempted to  carry the  works of the  enemy,  hospitals yvere to be  provided  immediately in
 Fredericksburg, Avith all their appliances;  and yet it was eepially necessary, even if Ave crossed Avithout molestation, that we
 should be prepared to move the yvounded at a moment's notice from the city to the opposite side;  for, if we did not  succeed,
 the city Avould be  at the mercy of the enemy, whose  guns commanded it. These preparations yvere required not only for the
 troops attacking the enemy in the rear and  to  the  right of Fredericksburg,  but also  for those on our left yving.   For the
 accommodation of the yvounded of the troops  designated for the attack on the enemy upon  our right, and before our bridges
 were laid, the hospital  organizations of the first and  second divisions of the  Ninth Corps were  established on the morning of
 the 11th, in a ravine near the Phillips house, about two-thirds of a mile distant  from  the river, Avhere they would be  protected
 from the guns of the enemy, easy of access, and have  an abundance of  Avood and Avater.   A number of hospital tents yvere
 here erected, and others Avere kept  in store, ready to be pitched if they should be needed.   As Surgeon P. A. O'Connell, U. S. V.,
 medical director of the Ninth  Corps, remarks, in his  report,  ' the surgeons were at their  posts  ready for duty, Avith their
 attendants, nurses, food, medicines, and  all that the wounded might need.'   Further to the right, and in a sheltered spot  near
 the railroad, where there Avas an abundance of Avood and Avater, a number of  hospital  tents Avere  pitched, which constituted one
 of the division hospitals of the Second Corps.  A house on the bank of the river, opposite the city, yvas also used as an hospital
 by the Second Corps.   On  our left wing, the same kind of preparations were required and made as upon  our right.  The
 arrangements of the Sixth Corps were completed by Surgeon Charles O'Leary, U. S. V, its medical director, which he reports
 were in  'such order and system as gave me (him) the most pleasing assurance of their efficiency to meet the emergencies of the
 approaching engagement.'  The First Corps yvas upon the extreme left; its medical department, controlled by Surgeon J. T.
 Heard, U. S. V., by whom one of  the division hospitals  yvas established in like manner on the north bank of the river.
      On the morning  of December 11th, an attempt yvas made  to throw  the pontoons across the  river. General  Hunter's
 reserve  artillery opened upon the enemy's yvorks  beyond the city,  and upon  that portion of the  town which skirted  the river,
 yvhere the riflemen of the enemy yvere pouring a deadly fire  upon  the engineers engaged in constructing these bridges.  In the
 afternoon, the fire yvas tremendous; such, I imagine, as has seldom been heard, at least upon this continent.  Under its  effect, the
 enemy, who yvere but feyv in number, yvere, late in the day, driven  from the cellars and  other places of concealment along the
 bank of the river,  and the bridges yvere  constructed.  Three of them yvere thrown over on our  right.  Upon our left, tyvo
 bridges were made, but yvithout so much  opposition,  and Avere done earlier in  the day.   On the afternoon of the 11th and  on
 the 12th, the troops crossed the Rappahannock, a portion only of the city being in our possession on the evening of the latter
 day.  Those who  were yvounded  previous to the night of the  12th were promptly and properly cared for in the  hospitals
 prepared on the north side of the river.  In passing through the city on the afternoon  of the 12th, for the purpose of examining
 that part of it in possession of our troops in  regard  to  its  adaptability for hospital  purposes, I found desolation everywhere
 visible from the effects of the bombardment of the previous day.  Some houses  were shattered, others in ruins, and others
 burned.   The court-house, several  churches, and  such other buildings as were deemed suitable, were selected by and under the
 immediate direction of the  medical directors of the right and centre grand divisions, and medical directors of the  corps to be
 engaged.  As many hospital yvagons as  were required were  sent  over, and the organization of each hospital was commenced.
 So earnestly did the medical officers enter upon the discharge of their duties, that before the action  began on December 13th,
 the hospitals yvere in readiness, with officers,  attendants, guards, instruments,  dressings, stimulants, food, candles,  etc.
 Mattresses and beds were procured from the dwellings.   These, yvith a limited  amount of straw, enabled the surgeons to have
 everything necessary to put the hospitals  in  order for the proper and speedy treatment of the Avounded.   The Avounded, Avho,
 on the north side, had been, as  I have just stated, attended to, Avere left in charge of a sufficient number of medical officers and
 attendants, and plenty of medical  and surgical appliances and food.  All the tents  were left standing, and others  on hand,
 ready for use, should they be wanted. A portion of the troops on  our left crossed the river on the 11th;  the others, on the 12th.
 The best attainable positions for the hospitals were selected, although  not entirely out of range of the guns of the enemy, as
 this yvas found to be impracticable.  The organization by divisions had been, owing  to the nature  of the action on this wing,
 more fully put into operation.   Surgeon  Charles O'Leary, U. S. V., of the  Sixth Corps, reports that, in the corps under his
charge, 'each hospital had three  operating tables, with the requisite  number of surgeons  and attendants assigned to them
separately.  Instruments, dressings, and  all necessary appliances, were  arranged yvith  an  order, precision, and convenience 
102                        APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ANTIETAM  CAMPAIGN.

rarely excelled in regular hospitals.  Each surgeon kneAV his proper place, and devoted himself to the duty pertaining to it
with a zeal and  fidelity Avorthy of the highest commendation.  I only give the testimony of commanding officers, as yvell as
medical officers, when I state that the preparations here made in a very short time  presented the completeness in  detail
belonging to the long-established, rather than to extemporized field hospitals.'  *   *  On the right, the location of the hospitals
yvas made knoyvn to the medical  officers and the litter-bearers yvho folloAved their regiments.   Here the action  was to take place
but a short distance beyond the city, Avhich, itself, Avas completely under the command of the enemy's guns, and, until the enemy
should be dislodged, the ambulances could not be used Avhilst the engagement Avas going on.   On the left, the medical officers
who yvere detailed to accompany the regiments into the field, were ordered to establish themselves in the rear of their respective
brigades, in the most easily accessible  and sheltered places, yvhere  the  wounded yvere to be carried by the  stretcher-bearers
who were to be kept  informed constantly of the position of these officers.  These  officers yvere directed to give such attentiou
as was imperatively required to the yvounded.   After this attention, the yvounded yvere to be conveyed to the field hospitals by
the ambulances, yvhose officers were to be kept informed  of the position of these  officers yvhenever tbe brigade should move.
Before the action commenced, extra supplies of such articles as yvere deemed necessary yvere sent, in accordance with my
directions, to the railroad depot, not far from Fredericksburg.  The medical purveyor, Assistant Surgeon T. McMillan, TT. S. A.
came up with them, to be near the scene of operations, and ready to'comply with any orders he should  receive in reference to
supplies, Avhen he returned to Aquia Creek.
       I have  already stated  that  the medical directors were informed that supplies Avould be on hand; and as soon as they
arrived, the information was given them, and they were directed to have it conveyed  to all officers under them.  These supplies
were in a central position, and were easily attainable by medical officers, who were only required to send a memorandum of
what they required.
       On the morning of December 13th, the battle continued, and was contested  with great obstinacy throughout the day.
The conduct of the troops on the right was excellent, as they Avere seen  advancing and driven back, and again and again
reforming and  pressing forward close to the fortifications, rifle pits, and stone Avails, behind which the enemy was concealed
and protected.  Their gallantry and perseverance won the admiration of every one who beheld the courage displayed under
circumstances so disheartening.   As I  have stated, the  medical  officers  and  their attendants were  prepared yvith all the
appliances requisite for the treatment of the yvounded, Avho Avere rapidly brought in by the stretcher-bearers throughout the day
and evening, and  Avere promptly  and  efficiently treated.  The labor of the medical  officers did not, of course, cease Avith the
close of the day.   The ambulances now commenced their legitimate duties.  Hitherto the men belonging to this corps had been
employed in making the necessary preparations in the hospitals,  and in attending on and administering to the wounded, under
the directions of the medical  officers.   As night closed  in, the firing  slackened, and shortly after altogether ceasing, this corps
began gathering in the yvounded who yet remained upon the field.  The night yvas  very dark, and the difficulty great in finding
the objects of their search.  The lanterns could not be used, as the glimmering of a candle invariably drew the fire of the enemy;
but notyvithstanding these difficulties, the officers and men continued their labors, and, before dawn, all the wounded who yvere
inside our lines had been taken to  the hospitals prepared for them in the rear.  Here, throughout the night, the medical officers
were sedulously engaged in attendance upon them, as  they were brought in, blankets being fastened over the yvindows and
every  aperture to conceal the lights,  every appearance of yvhich  drew a  shot  from the enemy's guns planted on Marye's
Heights.  During the day, the hospitals were not infrequently struck by shot and shell from  these guns, but, fortunately, no one
was injured.   The preparations made here for the reception and treatment of the wounded were found to be judicious and equal
to the wants of the ocoasion.   The ambulance service yvas, in this portion of the army, so efficiently performed, that, although
it was not commenced, for  the reasons already stated, until after dark on  the 13th, the most  accurate  information obtainable
shows that,  before daylight, all the yvounded, save twenty, in a house outside of ourpickets. beyond yvhose line the ambulances
could not be permitted to go, were brought from the field.  It is unnecessary to go much into detail concerning the operations
of the medical department on the left  wing, as I have already described the arrangements Avhich had been made  previous to
the commencement of the battle.   These  preparations yvere found fully equal to the  yvants of the service.  The operating staff,
with the  required assistants, attendants, and guards, with the necessary appliances, yvere at the hospitals, as had been directed.
The officers accompanying the  troops selected the places most fitting for the performance of  the duties devolving upon them.
The wounded yvere rapidly brought by the stretcher-bearers to the points ordered, of the position of yvhich they were kept
informed.  Here  the sufferers  received such attendance  as  Avas  absolutely necessary, and  yvere conveyed thence by the
ambulances to the field hospitals.  Everything in the ambulance service yvas Avell conducted.  Promptness, order, and precision
characterized the  actions of this corps throughout that exciting day; and it is gratifying to be able to state, from reliable sources,
that not one Avounded man Avas left on that portion of the field that night.   The action of this corps met the hearty approbation
of those Avho were cognizant of  the admirable manner in Avhich it performed the  duties required of it, and  fully justified and
amply repaid the time and labor expended in its organization.  In that portion of it attached  to the First Corps, one sergeant
Avas killed, one private wounded, one lieutenant and one private missing, supposed to have  been taken prisoners;  and one
ambulance was so much damaged by a shell from the enemy that  it had to be left on the field.
       On December 14th, the troops remained on the field, and  the surgeons in both yvings of the army continued the labors
of the  preceding day and night,  and on the evening of that day comparatively few operations remained to be  performed.. Late
at night,  orders yvere  given to have the yvounded removed to the north side of the river.  On  December 15th, and early next
morning, the removal began.   On the left, a number had  been removed on the 13th, yvhilst  the action was taking  place.  The
propriety of leaving the hospital tents standing, and of  having more at hand ready to be pitched, yvas noyv apparent.  Early in
the morning, it yvas understood that no ambulances Avould  be  permitted to cross the river on the right,  orders regarding them
having been partially misunderstood.  This created for a short  time some delay  and confusion at the upper bridge, yvhich I
soon remedied, and directed them to be crossed over on the lowest bridge, opposite the city,  taken along a street parallel to the
river, yvhich was  unencumbered by artillery or infantry, receive the yvounded, Avho were directed to be carried to them from
the different hospitals on stretchers, and  thence to recross the river at the upper bridge.  This order Avas at once  carried out, 
Pldite ¥H1.
x'oPart.I \U5.l -m'g History-of th*- .ReoeHion
 
 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  LETTERMAN.
103
and long trains of ambulances might be seen crossing over, halting in the city to receive the wounded, and then filing out and
crossing again at the upper bridge, and Avinding their way Avith care to the hospitals on the north side of the river.  This was
done yvithout disorder or confusion, and, at the  same time,  expeditiously; and the operation  reflected  great credit upon the
officers of the ambulance corps, especially so when it is considered that the city yvas at the mercy of the enemy, who, it AA-as
thought,  would undoubtedly direct  their artillery upon  it.   In the evening, before  six  o'clock,  every wounded man was
transported to  the hospitals on the  north side  of the river.  After the last  ambulance had  left the city,  it was thoroughly
inspected and policed by my  direction, and  not one yvounded  or sick  man  yvas found.  Every  one  thus transported was
sheltered, fed, and attended to  that night.  Many mattresses had been brought from the town, and an abundance of hay for
bedding yvas provided in all the division hospitals.  Fifteen patients yvere left in the ambulances from their own choice, and not
from a want of room ; of these, six Avere slightly Avounded.  It rained very heavily during the night of December 15th, but no
suffering was occasioned by the storm.
       On the left Aving, the yvounded of the First Corps yvere removed to the north side of the Rappahannock during the night
of December 13th, and yvere comfortably situated in  the hospitals of their respective divisions, yvhich yvere here prepared for
them.  The yvounded of the Sixth Corps, on the 14th,  were also removed to the north side of the river by one o'clock in the
afternoon, to the hospitals made ready for them, the division  organization being still kept up.   A portion of the ambulances of
that corps Avere used for their removal, the remainder being left undisturbed and ready for the  reneyval of the battle, which, it
was thought, might, at any moment,  occur.  The movement of the troops rendered it  necessary to  remove the hospitals still
farther to the rear, in order to prevent their being injured, should the enemy attack our forces yvhile crossing to the north side
of the river.  This yvas done in the  night, and  the patients yvere  comfortably and safely lodged  in the  hospitals which yvere
under the same organization that they had been hitherto.  The Avounded transported by the ambulance corps to the north side
of the river amounted to about five thousand.   The operation of removing this  number, in the short  time in which it was done,
without accident or confusion, but yvith great order, precision, and care, yvas a sufficient test of the efficacy of the system, and
the manner in which this organization Avas practically tested at this battle, reflects the highest credit upon its officers.  The safe
and speedy removal, and the careful and expeditious  manner in Avhich this number of Avounded were provided for when
removed, afforded the liveliest satisfaction to the  generals  in command, and to me it Avas  especially gratifying.   But few
operations remained to be performed  after tbe removal to the north side of the  river.  *  *   It is scarcely necessary to go into
all the details concerning the operations of the purveying department of this army.  Large amounts of supplies Avere issued at
Knoxville, Maryland, during the latter part of October.  The movement of the army from Maryland into Virginia necessitated
the removal of the depot from that place, and, on November 5th, the purveyor  was ordered to  proceed to Washington with his
supplies, to keep them in his possession, and  to  await orders.  He left Knoxville, Maryland,  on October 8th, and arrived in
Washington on the folloAving day, yvhere he found orders directing him  to proceed to Gainesville, on the Manassas Gap railroad.
The army, in the meantime, having moved to Warrenton, his destination yvas changed to the latter place, where he arrived on
November 15th, and yvas engaged until  the  17th  in issuing large  amounts  of supplies.  The army leaving that place for
Fredericksburg, he yvas directed to proceed, by yvay of Alexandria, to Aquia Creek, upon the last train.  There being no wharf
at Aquia Creek, he remained in Alexandria until the 21st, where, storing his supplies on barges, he arrived at Aquia Creek on the
24th.   Here he was busy issuing from these incomTenient boats until December 10th, at which time a convenient steamer yvas,
with difficulty, procured.  I considered a steamer absolutely necessary for his use, as it was not considered that the army would
remain long opposite  Fredericksburg, but would move farther on into  the enemy's country, in which event it  was a matter of
necessity that his stores should  be promptly transported, yvithout dependence upon towed barges.
      From October 18th to December 31st, 1862,  there was  issued to  this army seventy four-horse wagon supplies, fourteen
hospital wagon supplies,  seven complete hospital yvagon, and  four horse wagon supplies, two hundred and seven panniers and
medicine chests, and tyvo hundred and fifty-six hospital knapsacks.  These were  special issues.  Monthly requisitions yvere
made, in addition, to keep up the brigade supply to the amount ordered to be kept on hand.
      The manner in which Assistant Surgeon T. McMillin,  U. S. A., the medical purveyer, has conducted the business of his
department has met my most cordial  approbation.  The energy he has displayed in overcoming difficulties, especially those of
transportation, and the promptitude which he has at all times exhibited, are to  be especially commended.  On December 16th,
the removal of the wounded from  the  army to general  hospitals began, and was continued from time to time  until the 26th,
when the last yvere sent ayvay.  The  preparations to be made for their  transportation over a single track railroad, over which
the supplies for this army had to be transported, required that a certain  number of cars should be at the station,  near Falmouth,
at the proper hour; that a certain number of wounded should be made ready at  this station, and  prepare to leave at a fixed
time; and that boats, properly fitted  up, should be ready at Aquia  Creek, on which they could at once be placed, and taken to
Washington and elsewhere. With the assistance which Colonel R. Ingalls always readily afforded, this was done.  While the
battle Avas in progress, and after it was over, nearly one thousand, no  one of whom was  seriously injured, and some of whom
were not injured at all, jumped on the cars at the  station  referred  to, and climbed on  top of them  and went to Aquia  Creek,
where no provision had been made for the care of the Avounded.  Strict orders had, at my request, been  given to the guard at
this station to permit no one to get on the cars, but this  guard, unfortunately, was utterly worthless, and allowed these men to
go as  fast as steam could carry  them  out of the reach of the hospitals, which these men  well kneyv, had been prepared for their
accommodation, and went to Aquia Creek, where they necessarily created confusion, which I foresaw would, of course, ensue.
It was to avoid this that I desired the guards  to be  instructed to alloyv none to go to that point.   Such men are those who, in all
battles, run to the rear, beyond even  the sound of the guns of the enemy, and raise the cry of inhumanity and yvant of attention
on the part of surgeons, yvhom they sedulously avoid, lest  it be found that their wounds do not  prevent their returning to duty.
It is almost invariably found that those men who bear the burden and heat of the day;  those also, who, when slightly Avounded,
are eager to have their wounds dressed, that  they may return to the battle again;  those, too, whose wounds are grave, do not
complain of any want of care.  On  the contrary,  expressions of thankfulness often escape from their lips for the  attention
bestOAved upon them.  But those coAvardly stragglers, who, upon the  slightest bruise,  run away out of the observation of the 
101                        APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ANTIETAM  CAMPAIGN.

surgeons, raise this cry, yvhich many are prone to echo.  The slightly wounded Avere first sent away.   In the cars provided for
them, hay or strayv yvas placed, surgeons and attendants, yvith instruments, stimulants, and dressings sufficient for ordinary and
extraordinary emergencies, were  with  every train, and upon their arrival at Aquia Creek, were placed on the transports' and
yvhen the surgeons and attendants on board these vessels yvere not able to attend to them properly on account of their numbers
their surgeons and attendants accompanied them to their  destinarion.  It yvas not my intention to send ayvay the very serious
cases, such as amputations, and wounds of the head, chest, and  abdomen, but to pursue the  same course that yvas taken after
the battle of Antietam in similar  cases.  I represented the  matter to General Burnside, and  informed  him that these patients
were  as comfortable and as yvell  taken care of as if they were then in Washington; that it  yvas dangerous to remove them  as
they must be more or less injured, no matter how carefully transported;  and that the surgeons were taking the deepest interest
in these cases.   I added that, unless there was some military reason for removing these men,  I yvished to keep them yvhere they
yvere, such a course being, in my opinion, the best that could be pursued  to give these sufferers every opportunity for their
recovery.   I suppose this military reason did exist, as I then received an order to remove them.  In the removal of these cases
plenty of hay Avas put in the cars.  Mattresses and beds and bedsacks filled Avith hay Avere used  for them to lie upon, and in
all the cases requiring it,  the patients were not  removed from  the  mattresses and  beds upon which they were lying in the
hospitals, but yvere  carried upon them, placed  on stretchers by the attendants, and put  upon the  cars, yvhence they were
removed in the  same way from the cars to  the transports,  remaining undisturbed upon their beds from the time they left the
hospitals until they reached Washington.   In each  car Avas a surgeon and an attendant, provided yvith everything necessary in
case any accident should happen by the yvay.  Surgeons and attendants, whenever they yvere needed, accompanied them through
to Washington.   Every care yvas thus taken of these men, yvho often expressed  their gratitude to the medical officers for the
kindness bestowed  upon them, and yvho very generally spoke yvith  heartfelt  satisfaction of the efforts made to render their
transportation comfortable.   I say, yvithout fear of contradiction, that seldom, if ever, have wounded been so carefully trans-
ported, and felt assured that no more suffering yvas occasioned than the severity of the yvounds, of necessity, entailed.
       I regret again to be called  upon to announce the death  of a medical officer  by the  hand of the enemy, whilst in the
discharge of his duty.  Surgeon  S. F. Haven, 15th Massachusetts Volunteers, yvhile  proceeding on the 13th of December with
his regiment to meet the enemy,  received, in the left popliteal space, a yvound from a shell,  from the shock of which he never
rallied.  This officer was highly  esteemed, and his loss to his regiment and to the service yvas deeply deplored.
       It is not  an  uncommon belief that medical officers are seldom exposed to the fire of the enemy.  My observation and
experience since I  have  been connected yvith this army,  especially, has shown  me that they are  almost as much  exposed as
officers of the line.   Some, I have informed you, have  fallen in the discharge of  their duties; and I am fully justified in saying
that in no department has greater devotion or more courage been shown  than by the medical officers  in the battles which have
been spoken of in this report.
       In  concluding this  general  report, I may be permitted to allude to the support and confidence which I have received
from you in the  discharge  of the duties of a position difficult, under the most favorable circumstances,  to fill satisfactory.
                                 I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                  (Signed)             JONA.  LETTERMAN,
                                                                                                   Medical Director.
Surgeon  General U. S. A., Washington, D. C."
LXXXIII.   Second Extract  from  Memoranda  for  the  Surgical  History  of the  War.   By
      Assistant  Surgeon B. Howard, U.  S. Army.
      *  *   #   a rpne Datt]e 0f gouth  Mountain commenced at about three  in the afternoon, and lasted till half-past nine at
night.  The yvounded yvere removed promptly, as they fell, to houses in the vicinity and to Middletown, and  all yvere removed
before daylight the following morning.   Nothing yvas lacking for the wounded.   After  the  churches at Middletoyvn became
croAvded yvith wounded, the surplus were sent to Frederick in ambulances.  *  *  On our arrival at Keedysville, another battle
was evidently imminent.   By order of the medical  director, I examined and selected the buildings in town  best adapted for
hospitals, supervised the  necessary preparations, and placed surgeons in charge of the respective hospitals.   Surgeon James
L. Farley, 84th New York Volunteers, was instructed to act as surgeon in chief of all the hospitals.   Two hundred  additional
ambulances, yvhich I had conducted from Middletown during the night, were  in readiness near general headquarters.   Hospital
tents were entirely wanting.  There were on hand no reserve supplies of medicine and hospital stores. Each command had to
rely on what they brought with them in their forced marches.   Some raw regiments had been hurried foryvard without medical
supplies, and the remainder had, as a rule, an unusually small amount on hand.   On September 17th, I was the only remaining
medical officer on duty with the director, Surgeon Letterman, the rest of his  assistants having  been  detached to Middletown,
Crampton's Gap, and elsewhere,  and, according to his instructions, I visited the centre and right of our position, and made the
best arrangements I could for the distribution of the yvounded.  I found  several commodious farm-houses, a large barn, and
good water at convenient distances, and a large flour mill also, and directed that they should be occupied.  *   *  The yvounded
were numerous, and it was necessary to lay many of them in the yards contiguous to the houses, that they might be supplied
with food from their kitchens, and have their yvounds dressed in the open air.  *  *  A  feyv  days after the battle, many of the
wounded yvere collected and sent  to Frederick in ambulances.  Trains continued to transport them until all  who could be
safely removed Avere disposed of.  The remainder Avere subsequently collected at Smoketown in  a single hospital,  as soon as
the hospital  tents arrived.   This  hospital under canvas was the most perfect  field hospital which I had seen up to that period.
It yvas under the charge  of Surgeon B. A. Vanderkieft, U. S. V.   Medical  supplies, limited in quantity, yvere  received from
Frederick, and a medical purveying depot was established at Sharpsburg under my superintendence.  *  *   From the 18th to
the 30th of September, the days were very warm; but there usually came a dense and cold fog, yvhich lasted till about nine o'clock 
                 REPORTS  OF  ASSISTANT SURGEONS  HOWARD,  REILY, AND  GRAY.              105

the next morning, the fog had a very disagreeable odor, as if impregnated yvith exhalations from dead bodies on the battlefield.
As after most engagements, many of the yvounded yvere destitute of blankets, and it was impracticable to provide them with shelter.
This may serve to explain the prevalence of diarrhoea yvhich was greatest about September 24th.  Unfortunately, the purveyor
was unable to supply the astringents required.   '   *  I suspected that this diarrhoea had  a specific intermittent character, and
recommended the use of quinia, combined yvith  Dover's poyveler, as a substitute for astringents, and this medication  had great
success.  The Avounded Confederate prisoners, Avho Avere in hospital near Sharpsburg, Avere generally in an asthenic condition.
Tetanus was observed  almost exclusively among them, and was seen chiefly amongst those who had marched, before the battle,
not  less than thirty miles in  tyventy-four hours.  The exposure to Avhich they were subjected during the hot days and cold
nights, in which the enemy were effecting their retreat, appeared to have strongly predisposed  them to this disease.  *  *  The
Fifth Corps crossed into  Virginia at  Harper's Ferry, and, on November 2d, its second division occupied Snicker's  Gap, and
yvas positioned so as to protect the road.  On the following day, this division advanced four miles beyond the Gap, and a brisk
skirmish ensued, in yvhich about thirty yvere yvounded.  They yvere carried  on stretchers  to the vicinity of the camp, and all
necessary operations yvere performed the same night.  Next morning they yvere carried to a church two miles in the rear, and
on November 7th, they Avere taken in ambulances to White Plains, and thence by railroad to Washington."    *     *     *
 LXXXIV.   Second  Extract from  a  Narrative  of his Services  in  the  Medical  Staff.    By
      Assistant  Surgeon  John T.  Reily, II. S. Army.

      *  *  *   "About fiA'e miles from Sharpsburg, the enemy appeared on the road  leading over the mountain, at a point
 called Crampton's Gap or Pass.  The troops of General Franklin yvere  formed in line of battle, and advanced,  driving the
 enemy before them, taking one piece of artillery, and killing or wounding about two hundred men.   The batteries to yvhich I
 yvas attached were not engaged, and lost no men.  Our infantry, hoyvever,  lost about one hundred men in killed and wounded.
 Hospitals were immediately established in Burketsville, and the wounded  were properly cared for.   The command  remained
 on the field during the next twenty-four hours, and, on the morning of the 17th  September, was ordered at daylight to move to
 the right, in the  direction of Sharpsburg, yvhere heavy firing was heard.  When Avithin a few miles of that place, yve learned
 that the battle of Antietam had commenced.  General Franklin's corps was ordered across the stream, and put in position on
 the extreme right of the line.   Having crossed  Antietam creek, a small stream about twenty feet wide, yve ascended a steep
 hill, in front of  yvhich was a plain.  On  the  edge of this  hill,  our line of battle was formed.   Our  artillery immediately
 commenced firing.  The infantry of the corps was  brought forward, and the command occupied the ground just abandoned by
 General Sumner's  corps.  The field yvas literally covered yvith killed and yvounded, and it was extremely difficult to move
 on horseback yvithout injuring the wounded.  The  great confusion which had prevailed Avhilst getting the troops into position,
 and relieving those Avhich had held the ground, prevented the removal of the wounded, and they were consequently under
 fire several hours.  Surgeon W. J. H. White Avas  killed early in the action, and much delay consequently occurred in getting
 the ambulances and litters engaged so as to work with any system.  The yvounded were nearly all  moved  to field hospitals
 by nightfall.  The night yvas occupied in  dressing yvounds, arresting haemorrhage, and preparing  for operations.   On the
 following morning, firing commenced early, and I rejoined the artillery reserve, and remained until a flag of truce was raised
 in the afternoon, yvhen I assisted in removing the yvounded yvho  had fallen between the two armies.  The truce yvas granted
 ostensibly for the purpose of removing the wounded and burying the dead, but the enemy took advantage of it to retreat,
 leaving his killed and Avounded  on the  field without surgeons, or  any assistance Avhatever. They Avere carefully  removed,
 hoyvever, as soon as the field Avas explored  on the  following morning, and received the  same attention as our  own men, who
 lay side by side Avith them in  the hospitals.  Having received orders to convey the Avounded of the corps to Frederick, as
 soon as practicable, I  started, a few days after the battle, yvith two trains of fifty ambulances, and  removed them to Frederick
 without accident.   When I arrived there, the medical director ordered me to take charge of a railroad train filled yvith yvounded,
going to Philadelphia the following morning.  This duty completed, I rejoined the artillery reserve, and moved yvith it to
Virginia.   The health of the  troops had improved during their stay in Maryland, and they went back to Virginia in good
 condition"      *      *      *
 LXXXY.   Second Extract from a Report of Services.   By Assistant  Surgeon C.  C. Gray,  U.
      S. Army.
      *  *  *  " I arrived at  Sharpsburg, Maryland, September 19, 1862, and was assigned by Medical Director Letterman
 to the charge of a hospital  in Keedysville, and, a feyv days afterward, the army having advanced, yvas made  a sort of issuing
 commissary for the wounded in  and about Keedysville.  My instructions were to hire transportation from the citizens, and to
 drayv and deliver all rations, preventing the use of ambulances for this purpose.  The cattle furnished me being of poor quality,
 I exchanged a considerable portion of the meat with citizens, receiving therefor milk, eggs, vegetables, etc.  At the time of my
 arrival at this battlefield, I  consider that the wounded yvere as Avell cared  for as it was possible  they could  be.   Abundance
 of supplies  soon poured in from a variety of sources.  Of  the strength  of the army at the time of action, I know nothing.
 Medical and hospital stores yvere plentiful.   The yvounded were attended  to at sundry points, varying from half a  mile to two
 miles from the field.   They yvere not exposed to rain; the nights, however, were chilly,  and there was considerable  suffering
 on this account. The wounded  yvere mostly removed in ambulances.  Almost all the yvounds I saw were from conoidal balls,
 and a large number, I should suppose, received at short range.  So many of the yvounded as were deemed capable of bearing an
 ambulance transportation of eighteen miles, were sent to Frederick, Maryland.   The remainder, especially such as had undergone
capital operations, yvere collected in two permanent field hospitals, where it Avas contemplated to afford every advantage of  our
        14 
106
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ANTIETAM  CAMPAIGN.
best  general hospitals.   It appears to me that this arrangement yvas yvise, and must have saved lives.  Amputations yvere the
rule, and in general promised yvell.  I  saw but two or three excisions.  There Avere, hoyvever, a considerable number of tetanus
cases.  All under my observation resulted in death.  Chloroform yvas the anaesthetic generally used.   I observed no bad results
therefrom.   I operated but tyvice: first, an amputation  of the leg at the point  of election, yvhich yvas  successful; second
larvimotomy for oedema glottidis, yvhich was unsuccessful.  The larynx and trachea  in the latter case yvere' sent to the Army
Medical Museum."       *       *      *
LXXXVI.   Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Surgeon
      C. F. II. Campbell,  IT.  S. Volunteers.

      *  #   *   "Nothing yvorthy of note  marked the period from the 1st to the 14th of September, betyveen yvhich dates
we had fallen back on the defences of Washington, and marched through Maryland to South Mountain, beyond Middletown
yvhere we encountered Lee's army in force, drayvn  up on a long range of hills, completely commanding every approach to his
position.  This battle commenced Avith artillery at long range, every approach to their  position being thoroughly swept bv the
rebel  artillery.   The casualties Avere numerous from  this arm at the part of the field Avhere I Avas engaged, viz., the extreme
right.  Such of the yvounded  as could not at once be transported  to the rear Avere attended on the  field.  No operation of
importance took place at this time or place Avhich  the Avriter yvitnessed.  Numerous temporary hospitals were established at
eligible points in the vicinit}- of the field; but the majority of the wounded were taken to Middletown, some three or four miles
to the rear, yvhere all the churches and  many private buildings had been converted into hospitals.  The transportation was not
such as might have been desired.  It yvas, hoyvever, good considering the  circumstances.  The supplies of food and soups in
the immediate vicinity of the field yvere scanty, but most abundant supplies were obtained in MiddletoAvn, where the kindness
and devotion of the inhabitants Avere most  touching,  and yvorthy of  lasting  and  honorable record.  I was engaged in the line
of duty in this town  during the 15th  and  part of the 16th.   *   *  The carnage was  fearful among the rebel troops on the
right, the only portion of the field the writer witnessed; whilst our casualties consisted mainly in yvounded, tbe majority of
Avhom were  shot in the  lower  extremities, or from  the Avaist doAvn:  the reverse being the case  among  the  rebel Avounded.  I
would here  pay a Avell-merited  tribute to  the indefatigable zeal and ability of Surgeon  Letterman of the  Army,  Medical
Director  of  the  forces, Avhose  arrangements for the Avounded yvere  astonishingly systematized and perfected, considering the
magnitude of the  field.   The  wounded from  this  greatest battle of modern times were  scattered in buildings everywhere
contiguous to the field.  The  principal hospitals, hoAvever, Avere established at Boonsboro', Middletoyvn, Hagerstown, Smoketown,
Keedysville, Sharpsburg, Knoxville,  and Harper's Ferry.  I was  on duty at Keedysville, a feyv miles removed from the field,
for tyvo days, engaged in perfecting arrangements for the reception  of the wounded, and superintending the reception and
distribution  of supplies.   My health failing  me after nearly three months constant excitement and fatigue, produced by active
operations in the field, I yvas relieved by special orders from headquarters, and  assigned to duty in Frederick, Maryland, as
medical director of transportation  of sick  and yvounded.   Whilst  on this  duty, I superintended the reception of all cases
arriving from the above  hospitals, their distribution to the  Frederick  hospitals, and their transportation by rail to the large
cities.  During the period of my service at this post, I sent six  thousand three hundred  and  sixty-tyvo  wounded and sick
soldiers to Washington, Baltimore, and Philadelphia.  Of this number, three thousand three hundred and twenty-nine yvere
sent to Washington, D. O, one thousand three hundred and fifty-six to Baltimore, Maryland, and  one thousand six hundred
and seventy-seven to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  These men yvere transported in the ordinary freight cars,  except in one or
two rare instances, the bottoms of the cars being covered with straw or hay, care being taken to prevent over-crowding, and to
classify the  cases as much as  possible.   I  have yet  to learn that any evil consequences resulted, in any one instance, to the
men from being thus transported.  My other duties at Frederick yvere divided between attendance on sick and wounded officers,
of Avhom I attended seventy-tyvo, and the duties of the office of the medical director."       *              *
LXXXVIL   Third Extract from a Report of  his Services.   By Assistant Surgeon  Philip C.
      Davis, U.  S. Army.

      *  *  *   "September 4, 1862,  we took  up our  line of march for Maryland.  Nothing of  interest occurred until
September 14th—the battle at ' Crampton Pass,' South Mountain.  Our batteries were not engaged, except to shell the woods.
I was therefore ordered by the medical director  to have the wounded of other corps removed from the field to the houses and
barns yvhich had been designated by him for the purpose.   This  occupied all night.  On the morning of the 15th, the command
moved foryvard, and I rejoined my brigade.  I arrived on the field of Antietam about three o'clock P. M., September 17th, with
my brigade, and Ave  soon  became hotly engaged with the enemy.   This lasted until night-fall, when the firing ceased; the
enemy using musketry and artillery yvith a good deal of effect  upon our column, which lost heavily.   My men were exposed
principally to the fire from the enemy's batteries,  which was solid shot, case-shot, and shell.  Our loss in the batteries wa3 five
killed and about fifteen wounded.  The wounded were dressed on the field, but tyvo requiring amputation, which was performed,
and patients sent to the field  hospital.  On the morning of the  19th, the  enemy fell back across  the Potomac, and we pushed
forward and went into camp near the village of Bakersville, Maryland, yvhere we remained until November 13th.   At this camp
four men died; two from typhoid fever, two from dysentery.  General Slocum yvas relieved, and General Brooks assumed the
command.   November 1st, we marched to Berlin, on the Potomac river, and crossing into Virginia, proceeded to Warrenton,
and yvent into camp."             *      * 
                  REPORTS  OF SURGEONS  PEABODY,  WOODHULL, AND  INGRAM.               107

LXXXVIIL   Extracts from  a Narrative  of  his  Services.   By James II.  Peabody, Assistant
     Surgeon U. S. Volunteers.

      *  *  *  "I  remained  on  duty at Carver hospital, Washington, D. C, until the night of September 17, 1862, when,
with some sixty or seventy others, I yvas ordered to report to Medical Director Letterman, Army of the Potomac, for temporary
duty in the field.  The  party took a special train, and after travelling all night arrived at  the  Monocacy on the following
morning.  The bridge across this  stream having been destroyed by the  rebels in their retreat, the greater portion of our party
were detained nearly all  day, ayvaiting a conveyance to Rohrersville, the point of our destination, some tyventy miles farther on.
Assistant Surgeons Russel and Phillips, U. S. A., together yvith myself,  separated from the main party early in the morning and
made our Avay toyvard Rohrersville.   We Avere, hoAvever, detained in  Frederick  City by order cf the Medical Director, and
immediately set to Avork  in the care of the Avounded, who were by this time arriving by the thousand.   The greater number of
medical officers having been sent on toyvard the field, the work for those left in Frederick yvas almost incessant for a few days.
I yvas temporarily in charge of the United States Hotel hospital, aftenvard part of Hospital No. 2, and continued in charge six
or eight days, yvhen I yvas relieved by Assistant Surgeon J. B. Brinton, U. S.  A.   I continued on duty in Hospital No. 2, until
ordered to report to Assistant Surgeon General R. C. Wood, St. Louis, Missouri, which order I  received on the 9th day of
January, 186:5.  *   *  After the  battle  of Antietam, most of the  yvounded Avere  hurried on  to Frederick,  and from thence,
those but slightly Avounded, after being alloAved a night's rest,  Avere transferred to  Washington  and Baltimore.   The hospitals
in Frederick Avere densely croAvded after the battle, and every available building  used  for hospital purposes.   Some of these
buildings Avere but poorly ventilated and ill adapted for this purpose; they Avere given up as speedily as possible.  For the first
five or six days, owing  to croAvding, it Avas almost impossible to keep the  sick  and yvounded supplied yvith  food and other
necessities.  *   *   The greatest inconvenience  to Avhich the wounded Avere exposed Avas in consequence of our not having an
adequate number of beds to accommodate the thousands who  Avere pouring in; and those but slightly wounded had to lie on
the  floor or ground, as  they preferred,  until the day after their arrival,  yvhen. they Avould be transferred to  Washington or
Baltimore.  I have counted as high as tyvelve hundred thus transferred in one train of cars.   This  crowding only continued
for a feyv days, after which we had ample supplies and accommodations for  those left.  Thousands of those yvounded in tbe
upper extremities at the  battle of Antietam yvalked in to Frederick City,  some eighteen or tyventy miles, all the ambulances
being constantly busy in the removal of the more severely yvounded."       *      *      *
 LXXXIX.   Second Extract from a Personal Contribution to the Medical and Surgical History
      of  the  Rebellion.   By  Assistant Surgeon A. A.  \Voodhull, U. S. Army.
      *  *  *   n rpne 2d and  10th Infantry yvere a portion of the force operating in our centre at the battle of Antietam,
 Maryland.  They engaged, tyvo hundred and tyventy-five strong, on the 17th of September.  I yvas on duty near the field.  The
 wounded were brought on stretchers to me, and ambulances carried  them a couple of miles to the  field hospital. The fire yvas
 case-shot and musketry, at moderate range.  A few primary operations  under chloroform, but none of serious character, were
 performed before tbe above-mentioned hospital was reached.  The casualties numbered eighty-five, or twenty-one per centum.
 September 20th, the brigade engaged in a skirmish, folloyving a reconnoissance, near Shepherdstown, Virginia.   The yvounded
 were brought over the river and sent to the Antietam  hospitals.  I assisted in a primary operation at the upper third of the
 thigh for severe compound fracture from a mini6 ball.   Death resulted next day.  While lying in camp near Sharpsburg, the
 7th Infantry joined the brigade and was assigned to my care.  The division took possession  of Snickers' Gap, in the Blue
 Eidge, during the march into Virginia  early in November.  The next  day, the 6th and 7th Infantry engaged yvith the 14th
 Infantry in a reconnoissance to the Shenandoah.   A sharp skirmish resulted, yvith a number of casualties.  The yvounded were
 removed to Snickersville."      *      *      *   __________________

 XC.   Third Extract from  a Narrative  of his  Services  in  the Medical Staff.   By Assistant
      Surgeon Alexander Ingram, U.  S.   Army.
      *   *  *   " On the 14th of September, the army came up with a large force of the enemy posted in the passes of South
 Mountain,  where a determined stand was made.  The  most desperate fighting yvas on the right and left of the turnpike from
 Frederick to Hagerstoyvn, where it crosses South Mountain.   At this point, the troops Avere exposed to musketry at short range
 for four or five hours, Avhile making their yvay up the mountain sides.  The battle continued until after dark, yvhen  the enemy
 yvas driven from the passes.  On the folloyving morning, the  army advanced, and came  up yvith the enemy, strongly posted
 on the heights of Sharpsburg.   On the morning of the  17th, the fight opened furiously, the artillery and musketry fire being
 incessant until dark, when our forces held the field along the greater extent of the line, the  enemy still, hoyvever, maintaining
 a desperate resistance.  On the succeeding day, the forces on both sides yvere  too much exhausted to  renew the battle, and
 during the night the enemy  fell back across the Potomac.  My experience during these engagements having been more that of
 a dragoon, either in the saddle or standing to horse, than of a medical officer, can be of no value.  On the 16th of October, the
 command to which I was attached, together with the 1st and 6th United  States  Cavalry, and a section of a battery  of the 4th
 Artillery, formed the advance in the  reconnoissance in force to Charlestown, Virginia, under command of General Hancock.  A
 battery, supported by cavalry on the enemy's side, resisted for about tyvo hours the advance;  it was,  hoyvever, dislodged and
 the enemy  driven from Cbarlestoyvn, our  cavalry driving their mounted  pickets on the road to  Bunker Hill  about  five miles.
 There yvas one man killed and about twelve Avounded  on our side.  The Avounded Avere dressed, necessary operations being-
performed on the field, and sent back to Harper's Ferry in ambulances.  About the first of November, yve crossed the Potomac
at Berlin and marched to Warrenton, yvhen General McClellan  having been relieved, General Burnside  assumed command of
the army.  From Warrenton yve marched to Falmouth." 
108
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—SECOND  BULL  RUN.
XCL   Extract from a Report on the Medical History of'the  103d New York  Volunteers.  By
      A.  Steinach, Assistant  Surgeon 103d 1ST. Y.  Volunteers.

      #  #  *  "The regiment yvas again drayvn up in line of battle on the northern side of the Antietam creek.  We went into
action one hundred and eighty-seven strong, and lost  eighteen  killed, seventy-five yvounded, and  tyventy-seven  prisoners and
missing.  *  *  During the battle at South Mountain and Antietam, some amputations of the thigh and leg yvere performed on
the field; but the result yvas  very unfavorable.  I cannot remember a single case in Avhich such an operation yvas  successful
In other cases, the operations  yvere performed in buildings prepared for temporary field hospitals.  In general, the amputations
of an arm or leg were successful, while the thigh cases, with a very feyv exceptions, yvere fatal."      *      *      *
 XCII.    Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Army of  Virginia.   \\\
      Thomas A. MoParlin, Surgeon  U.  S. A.,  Medical Director.

                                                         General Hospital, Annapolis, Maryland, May 2, 1863.
      General: In narrating the chief movements  and principal medical events of interest in the army of Virginia while under
 my medical direction, I yvill premise that it will be  brief, drayvn from imperfect records I have at hand, and observations made
 often under trying circumstances, over a wider field than the poAvers of one person can revieyv or portray.  With an army
 moving,  steadily engaged yvith an enemy of greater force, retreating  and battling from successive lines of defence, receiving
 reinforcements of men  so hurriedly as to be unaccompanied by supplies or material of yvar, those on hand limited  and unre-
 neAved, it will be seen  that through many days of  severe conflict the medical force of the army Avould be indeed tasked with
 active and  unremitting duties.  Hence the paucity of reports from men Avhose paramount cares yvere fully exercised in collecting
 and transporting Avounded, securing the supply and preparation of food, yvater, bedding, shelter, and nurses; in devoting time
 for deliberate judgment on grave cases presented for decision, action  and care, a charge that is not fulfilled yvhile one remains
 to be sent away by ambulance or car, or yvhile those yvhose injuries forbid removal are unsnpplied Avith medical attendance and
 food. While history thus draAvs but meagre details  from  such a field  of inquiry, let those of our times at least knoyv that time
 and energies thus pre-occupied  and diverted yvere more nobly devoted  in attending to the necessities  of suffering men.  If
 attention, energy, and skill are fully called forth to discharge duties to the yvounded of an army, under ordinary circumstances
 they are  still  more severely tested in  a retreat, yvhen food, transportation, assistance, and supplies are leaving those who are
 helpless, maimed, despondent, yvho need them most, and are moved, if at all, but slowly, and with pain and danger.
      It is now knoyvn that the  army of the Potomac yvas to be withdrawn from the James river; the armies and corps then
 scattered, if possible united for a vigorous and stronger advance.  A General-in-Chief Avas selected, and called upon  to accom-
 plish this difficult task.  The President, in June, directed that the corps of Generals Fremont, Banks, and McDowell should be
 united, and the command assigned to General Pope.   These were designated First, Second, and Third Army Corps.   The corps
 of the reserve around Alexandria and in the defer ces of Washington was added to  this command, and, at some time later, the
 small force occupying the district of the Kanawha.   From the records before me, I estimate this force as  folloyvs: First Corps,
 twenty-seven regiments, six  batteries, and six cavalry companies;  Second Corps, thirty regiments; Third Corps, thirty-three
 regiments.   This is an over-estimate of the strength of the army of Virginia, as regiments were scattered  and detached, dimin-
 ishing its effective force against the enemy.   On the 30th of June, 1862, I was assigned as. Medical Director of the army of
 Virginia, and entered upon duty a feyv days thereafter.  The position of the army was as folloyvs:   The First and Second Corps
 yvere posted from Winchester to Middletown, Virginia.  The Third Corps on the  Rappahannock near Fredericksburg, part at
 Manassas Junction and Catlett's station, on  the  Orange and Alexandria railroad.  I invited, by circular, information  from
 medical  directors of corps as to their condition,  so as to secure them full  supplies as rapidly as  possible.  Tyvo  inspectors
 general yvere  sent to ascertain and report on the military supplies and condition of the corps.  From the many rapid and forced
 movements for months previous, the First and Second Corps yvere greatly deficient in all kinds of medical and hospital supplies
 and means of transportation.   Reports yvere irregular and unfrequent,  and other evils Avere observed consequent upon harassing
 and fruitless  service.   For Aveeks  I yvas occupied in ascertaining and directing by telegraph where supplies yvere to be sent;
 yvhen and yvhere sent for.  Many consignments, put  up months before and sent by railroad, had not been received.  I felt it most
 important to have these deficiencies corrected by approving requisitions, and ordering for immediate issue and dispatch what-
 ever Avas needed to  supply regiments, brigades, divisions, and corps with the following necessary articles:  To regiments, field
 supplies of medicines, instruments, dressings, hospital stores,  cooking utensils, two or three hospital tents, according to numerical
 strength of each regiment, and four four-wheeled two-horse ambulances.   The chief quartermaster authorized, at my instance,
 the alloAvance of three wagons to transport the tents and  medical property of each regiment.  The folloyving yvas the schedule
 of transport service as I found it in the Third Corps: To headquarters of the corps, one four-wheeled  four-horse  ambulance
 and  one  transport cart.  To headquarters of each division, two four-yvheeled four-horse ambulances and one transport cart.
 To  headquarters of each brigade,  one four-Avheeled two-horse ambulance and  one transport cart.   To each regiment, one
four-yvheeled  four-horse ambulance, two four-yvheeled tyvo-horse ambulances, and one transport cart.   To batteries of artillery,
one four-Avheeled two-horse ambulance, and, yvhen brigaded, one transport cart.  The yvhole number of ambulances and carts on
hand in the Third Corps yvas  forty-one.  The number of  ambulances and carts to be supplied, one  hundred and tyventy-nine.
As  the reports shoyved the Third Army Corps  to be best supplied, the deficiencies of the other corps may be imagined.  The
 transport carts are useless in the  ambulance department of an army, especially in a mountainous country.  They kill numbers
 of horses, are sloyv at the best, and, if used for any purpose except conveying instruments and dressings,  Avill probably have to
 be abandoned on tbe road.  The four-yvheeled four-horse ambulance is heavy, difficult to turn, and easily upset, yvhile four horses
 have to be  foraged and attended to.   They do  not  provide  the accommodation  and facilities of two four-yvheeled two-horse
 ambulances.  If an accident happen in one case, four horses are useless, while the same in the other case yvould leave two horses 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  McPARLIN.
109
and one vehicle serviceable.  A large number of ambulances Avere ordered by the quartermaster's department in Philadelphia and
Wheeling, to supply the army of Virginia.  They yvere all, at my request, of one kind only: tyvo-horse four-yvheeled ambulances,
to be made of seasoned timber, yvith Avide-set tires and strong Avheels, heavily ironed, to obviate known defects.   These Avere
received on approved requisitions ns rapidly as they could be manufactured, and sent to depots or headquarters.   Three hundred
hospital tents yvere placed in depot at  Alexandria and  tyvo hundred  at Warrenton, for issue to regiments or use in general
hospital encampments.  Before the First Corps (Sigel's) moved from Middletown, its medical purveyor required supplies, in
part, for thirteen thousand  men.  Many articles yvere needed for immediate use.  They Avere put up in Alexandria  and for-
warded by railroad, and, when the corps moved doyvn, met the troops near Warrenton.  I found it advisable, July 21st, to break
up the purveying depot at Frederick, Maryland.  Troops then .were moving south and west.   I therefore moved the supplies to
Alexandria, and made that the more important  source 6f supply to the army of Virginia by means of the Orange and Alexan-
dria railroad.   Supplies Avere ordered to be kept there capable of supplying twenty thousand  men.  It was intimated to me by
the Surgeon General that movable field  purveying depots for separate corps Avould not be judicious, from the increased risks of
loss of supplies, and that one depot could be organized  for the army of Virginia  at Alexandria.   So great was the need of
immediate supplies for the First Corps (General Sigel's), that the First Coips purveyor's requisition was approved, in the expecta-
tion that the stores would be immediately issued to regiments then concentrated, and before they commenced moving towards
Gordonsville.   This object  yvas fully accomplished.  No other purveyor's  depots for corps were organized.  I soon found,
hoyvever, that a small  movable depot yvould be necessary to furnish  battle-field supplies, such as stimulants and anaesthetics,
concentrated nourishment, cooking utensils, articles for temporary hospital service, instruments, dressings, blankets,  bedding, and
hospital tents;  this movable depot to be kept in the rear, secure, but easily and  speedily accessible, to meet the requirements and
exigences attendant upon a battle.  The troops yvere, during the month of July,  supplied yvith every authorized article of medical
and surgical necessity,  field transport and field hospital accommodation, for yvhich requisitions yvere sent, and to the utmost
extent possible in that period.  The line of the Orange and Alexandria railroad made our communication easy and speedy yvith
Alexandria, yvhere supplies yvere placed.   I proposed to use the railroad for transportation of wounded from depots near the field
to hospitals in Alexandria, or, if necessary, to Washington and Georgetown.   It yvas impossible to hazard locating, and there Avas
no time for organizing, large depot hospitals nearer to the scene of expected hostilities than Alexandria.   I had entertained the
hope of locating a large establishment at the  Sulphur Springs, near Warrenton,  Fauquier county, Virginia, the hotel  and
buildings there being well adapted for it.   The commanding general would  not approve  of a guard  for its protection, and its
distance from the railroad made it too dangerous a site for the sick and Avounded, in case of  any reverse or retreat on  our line.
I had to content myself Avith establishing  a temporary set of hospitals in and  near the town  of Warrenton, to which a branch
railroad extended, seven miles from the Orange and Alexandria railroad.  This Avas ultimately abandoned, and the sick and means
of accommodation moved to Falls Church and Alexandria, Warrenton itself being unsafe, and the depots of other departments
broken up.  A large general hospital encampment there yvould have been a  great sanitarium for the  army.   Its high, airy,
healthful situation, invigorated many of our feeble and sick soldiers.  It was with much regret I ordered its discontinuance.
      A reference to the object of this campaign is necessary to an understanding of our position, and the effect  upon bureau
administration in all its departments.  As the army  of the Potomac yvas to be moved from the James river towards Alexandria,
the army of Virginia had the difficult duty of drayving from Richmond such attention and force to meet its approach  towards,
Gordonsville, as would facilitate the removal of the army from James river.  The army of Virginia was to embarrass, delay, hold
in check, yvhatever large army should suddenly be advanced upon the approaches to Washington.  The interval between General
McClellan's \vithdrawal from James river and arrival before Washington in proper force, organization, and effective equipment,
was the golden opportunity for attacking Washing-ton, and separating  more  widely for defeat the armies of the Potomac and of
Virginia.   Rapid forays in  the direction of Richmond, destroying roads, bridges, and telegraphs as far  doyvn as possible, yvith
slow retreat and obstinate resistance to the enemy advancing in force, yvere the duties devolving  upon the army of Virginia.
To the administrative staff departments thus but one depot proper or  practicable Avas left, viz.,  at Alexandria.  Otherwise, an
immense amount of material, supplies, and protective guards would fall into the possession of the enemy.  In July, the general
hospitals  of the First and  Second • Corps,  then in the Shenandoah  valley,  were located  at  Harper's Ferry,  Hagerstown,
Winchester, and Frederick.  Those of the Third Corps at Fredericksburg, on the line  to Alexandria.  The  hospitals in the
Shenandoah valley yvere  broken up Avhen the army moved down  to  Sperryville, and those at Fredericksburg yvhen the
Third Corps moved to  Warrenton.  These corps yvere in position at those  places about the 19th of July.  From the number
of hospital tents, and amount of transportation authorized, I hoped that the ordinary sick cases could  be yvell cared for with
their regiments. Those very sick had  been sent to hospitals  in  Frederick and Alexandria before  any movement yvas made.
The corps yvere also moving in a healthy country.  The regimental reports showed them in good condition, yvith the exception
of the 60th Neyv York regiment of infantry, in the Second Corps,  yvhich had a great number  sick  from typhoid fever.   The
First Corps (Sigel's) moved about July 9th  towards Sperryville.  The Second Corps (Banks's) also moved soon after out of
the Shenandoah valley in the same direction.  The  neyv position occupied,  with others soon to  be taken, yvas considered fully
protective of that valley after the troops yvere removed.   The Third Corps  (McDowell's), leaving King's division  at Falmouth,
moved up to position  at Warrenton before the 18th of  July.  On the 22d  of  July, troops moving left  their sick.  I found it
necessary to move them  to Warrenton, and send sick from there to Alexandria.   Medical Director D. L. Magruder,  U. S. A.,
took charge of the temporary hospitals and organized them,  and other medical officers  were  rapidly sent forward  to assist
in  the duties.  The buildings in the toyvn yvere soon put into condition to receive the sick, and tyvo hundred hospital tents
set up.  Here numbers yvere received and convalesced rapidly.  The  hospitals yvere in  use  until August 4th, Avhen I ordered
the tents  to Falls Church  and Alexandria, on account of the insecurity of  sick and  stores  at Warrenton.  Falls Church
hospital, which had been placed at my  disposal by the Surgeon General, was distant  a few miles from Alexandria.   At a later
season of the  year, it  Avould have been an unhealthy and inconvenient position.   The hospitals  in Alexandria, yvhere I had
authority to send sick,  yvere filled late in July;  at a later period, I requested the Surgeon General to move the sick then there to
Washington, that they might receive sick and yvounded from our army, yvithout mingling them yvith those of the army of the 
110
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—SECOND  BULL  RUN.
 Potomac.  This request was complied Avith.  Before the troops moved from the Shenandoah, Avhile in preparation for nmrcl
 a feAV  malingerers  and convalescents, for yvant of proper medical inspection, yvere sent from the  army to Harper's  V,
 and Baltimore.   Prompt  attention yvas called to this neglect of duty on the part of medical officers, and officers were Benuf
 bring back to Warrenton the able-bodied absentees.  I yvill here add, hoyvever, that, with every care and fulfilment of duty- I."
 medical officers, vagrant soldiers yvill collect about every depot for reception of wounded and sick men, as occurred at Culne"  '
 and Iioaleton station.   In the  absence of a military force, and  in defiance of the efforts of the medical and transport depart
 ments. these skulkers intermingle  with the sick, or  mount the roofs of  cars,  especially in retreat, and go off.  Cnless there is
 cordial  co-operation  on the part of the railroad agents yvith the medical officers, it has happened that, upon cars being chanced
 a station, the roof passengers speedily obtain comfortable places, yvhile the  Avounded, being moved slowly, yvith difficulty fu 1
 accommodation.  After about tyventy-five days devoted to organization, equipment, supply, and  concentration of the three armv
 corps, the general headquarters left Washington for Warrenton, arriving on the 29th of July.  Several buildings (churches)
 in the town,  yvith hospital tents within their enclosures, very neatly arranged, yvere then receiving sick from the regiments and
 corps around Warrenton.  In a few days, headquarters Avere moved to a position Avith Banks's corps, near Washington, Viririnia
 several  divisions having been inspected on the way thither.   General Ricketts's division of the Third  Corps moved from  War-
 renton to the upper Rappahannock, and thence to Culpepper.  General Banks's (Second) Corps Avas soon put in motion for Hazel
 creek.  We  met  yvith General Sigel's Corps first  at Sperryville, about the 7th of August.   At that  time, a cavalry  force of
 several  regiments under G eneral Buford, yvas at Madison Court House and along the Rapidan ri ver, in observation of the advance
 of the enemy.  Cavalry regiments of the Third Corps, under General  Bayard, were at the time in  front from Fredericksburg
 towards the Rapidan.   As our  columns moved  toyvards Culpepper,  storehouses  Avere no  longer  required at Warrenton
 Depots  were removed, and as the troops left, I had to order the sick to be removed, Avith the hospital encampment, to Alexandria.
 Warrenton Junction, Manassas, indeed no position, except Alexandria, along the  line of the Orange and Alexandria railroad
 Avas at all suited for  a hospital depot—an establishment needing  ample supply of water, and proximity at least to quartermaster
 and commissary supplies, and troops to furnish labor and protection.   As early as the 15th of July,  Surgeon Thomas Antisell
 U. S. V., Medical Director of the Second Corps, had  expressed to me his hope  that the  corps might remain some little time in this
 "red sand stone region, until the effects of the residence in the limestone strata of the valley passed off—diarrhoea and irritability
 of the Avhole  loyver bowels, arising  from the excessive hardness of the yvater, and slight impregnation with sulphuret of iron.  The
 yvater at Warrenton is soft, yvhich, combined with  the abundance of acid wild fruits, have completely checked the complaint."
 The medical director of the First -Corps (Dr. Rex), on the 12th of July, reports "this country, under ordinary circumstances
 should be healthy, and little or no sickness prevail,  but the total absence of seasonable vegetables, and the careless reckless and
 improvident nature of the volunteer soldier, are made manifest by the dysenteric and other diseases that prevail to some extent."
 The health of the troops during  the  month of July may be generally stated as good.  They were moving, and in a fine
 country.   *   *   From the  sick sent to Alexandria, I received very favorable accounts. The transfer from Wrarrenton Avas
 made with comfort and rapidity.       *      *
      On the 8th day of August, general headquarters  yvere advanced to Culpepper, where General McDoyvelFs Corps and
 Crayvford's brigade  of the  Second Corps  were in  position.  Intelligence  reached us, and artillery firing in the extreme
 front indicated, during the  day, the approach of the enemy.  Banks's Corps  yvas ordered up from Hazel creek, and Sigel's
 from Sperryville to  Culpepper. Banks  arrived at  night, and advanced the next morning in the direction of Cedar Mountain,
 seven  miles.  He found the enemy moving forAvard, and the cavalry force, Crawford's and Ricketts's commands, contesting
 the  ground.   In  the afternoon, a general advance  and a severe engagement took place, near  Culver's Tavern, Avhich lasted
 several  hours.  General  Banks   yvas  in  command; Sigel's  Corps had not arrived.  During the evening, and through  the
 night, the yvounded continued to arrive in Culpepper and Avere  temporarily quartered in hotels, churches, etc., receiving  such
 dressings and surgical attention as Avas required.   As soon as I was aware of the  engagement in front, I applied to the  chief
 quartermaster for a train  of  cars, Avhich was promptly held in readiness to convey the  Avounded. I superintended the
 reception of the wounded during  the greater part  of the night at Culpepper, and proceeded  to the field  at an early hour of
 the morning, anticipating a reneyval of the battle.   A medical officer of rank yvas  dispatched to Culpepper, yvith authority to
 secure transportation, subsistence,  and available force, and directed to have the wounded sent at once to hospitals in Alexandria
 by railroad.  The medical directors of corps  sent in also  several of the best surgeons for service in the town.  The enemy
 did  not  offer battle, though our  lines Avere Avell forward, and  our  artillery opened fire early on the morning of the  10th.
 Skirmishing Avas kept up on both Avings.   The casualties of the past day Avere large, and every building convertible into shelter
had a full compliment of Avounded  in and  around it.  The unemployed  ambulances yvere collected together and dispatched to
remove  them to the rear.  In this  duty, and also in the collection of Avounded under flag of truce, Surgeon R. M. S. Jackson
rendered valuable and efficient service.   The most important duty on the 10th Avas to bring the wounded from the extreme front
 and the advance depots near the lines (the enemy then threatening both Avings), which was done as  rapidly as the ambulance
force could eft'ect it.  I traversed  the  length of our lines,  inspecting depots and directing the wounded  to the rear.  Great
numbers Avere sent in to Culpepper, and so occupied the  medical force  there that the primary object—sending them rapidly to
Alexandria—yvas overlooked, and, though the train yvas waiting, building after building yvas occupied and filled.  Orders yvere
reiterated by express to have the yvounded foryvarded by the train.  Hours afterward, I ascertained  no action had  been taken.
Anticipating the difficulty, yvith the limited means at hand, and knoyving the delay incident to getting yvounded out of buildings
extemporized into hospitals, I  returned  to  Culpepper, changed the organization,  and dispatched the  first train of cars yvith
yvounded to Alexandria.   Surgeon John H. Rauch,  U. S. V., medical director of General Augur's division, was placed on duty
as medical director at Culpepper, to receive  the yvounded and dispatch them by trains as rapidly as they were  attended to and
in condition to go forAvard.  Medical officers yvere sent to report to him.  A medical purveyor, with tents and hospital supplies,
was subordinated to him, and authority given to the medical director to call on the medical purveyor in Alexandria for any
articles or supplies he should deem necessary.  Each train of wounded had  medical attendance, water, subsistence, straw, and
necessary bedding supplied.  I may say here that they left in excellent condition—clean, comfortable,  and cheerful-from 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  McPARLIN.
Ill
 Culpepper and every other depot of yvounded throughout the campaign ; and, but for changing cars after their departure, yvould
 have always arrived in excellent condition at Alexandria, yvhich yvas not distant.  I had the reports of Medical Director Rauch,
 from time to time as these trains of yvounded left, and also frequent reports  as to their condition Avhen  received in Alexandria.
 A number of hospital tents Avere pitched  near  the railroad  depot, and  the medical purveying  supplies, in charge of Assistant
 Surgeon  Barloyv,  unpacked, so that stimulants, dressings, anaesthetics, prepared  food, and  battle-field  supplies  might be
 ready for issue.  The other articles yvere  packed, ready for  transportation.   At the same time, special articles, such as buckets,
 lanterns,  mattresses, etc., Avere sent for, and soon received, Avith a cargo of ice, by train.  Before the medical supplies in charge
 of Dr. Barloyv Avere open  for issue, and  stores from the several corps became accessible, supplies were in great request, and,
 as numbers of yvounded passed in, continued to be in demand.  This yvas an unavoidable consequence of the military situation.
 Our troops merely passed through Culpepper, moving rapidly to the front.  There yvere no hospitals there, and no time to
 organize  any, nor yvere there indications for any to be located there.   The moment an engagement occurred, however, many
 wounded men came back, and, as it was the nearest railroad and supply depot, it became, of necessity, the temporary depot for
 them until  they  yvere  put into  the  cars.  The   proper  regimental   medical  supplies  yvere in the Avagons or  trains of
 brigades  or corps distant from Culpepper, to be, as is customary in Avar, out of danger.   In putting the trains  out of danger,
 medical stores Avere, to a great extent, out of reach.  Surgeons did not knoAV, in many cases, Avhere their medical Avagons were, and
 came empty handed to Culpepper.  The purveyor's supplies of the First Corps were an exception. I  soon  sayv that, however
 the regiments of an army yvere supplied yvith medical stores, the confusion and want of information and tact made it a difficult task
 to find store wagons, or to obtain access to and possession of them at the points yvhere they yvere most needed, and that there must
 be a movable purveying general depot, to be kept accessible, and put in position at the depot of wounded as soon as possible
 after an engagement.  The experience at Culpepper also caused me to add to this purveying depot of battle-field supplies  a
 proper surgical staff of good operating surgeons and executive men, quick to receive the yvounded, to place them in trains for
 transportation, or  to direct them to  remain, for judgment  and consultation, at the depot hospital; other assistants, informed
 hoyv  to procure ready access to subsistence,  to  have food for hundreds or  thousands cooked and issued at once;  others
 to superintend the foryvarding of yvounded in the proper manner—to accompany them, if necessary—and especially to observe that
 none but proper cases yvere sent ayvay from  the army to  hospitals.   I was gratified to  know, as I  soon  did, from personal
 observation, the value and devotedness of many of the surgeons, and  they were afterwards put in position and kept in readiness
 to exercise their best poAvers in faithful services to the Avounded.  Having affairs at Culpepper so arranged as to promise efficient
 service, I returned to the army in front.  General  Banks's corps Avas  soon ordered to take'post  near Culpepper, having been
 very much  cut up by the shock yvhich it had sustained.  The medical director, Dr. Antisell, was then in position to  inspect
 daily every hospital of his corps, and to keep them supplied.  The yvounded from the field yvere brought off, under flag of truce,
 on the 11th, and sent to Culpepper  and Alexandria.  This duty, and, principally, the ambulance service,  was directed very
 efficiently by Surgeon Jackson, of the  16th Pennsylvania Volunteers.  I could not spare the services of an efficient medical
 officer for this purpose, and secured, by order, the employment of a civilian to act as superintendent of the transportation of
 sick and wounded.  He directed the ambulance service to and from  Culpepper,  under the direction of the medical director,
 and, in the field, under my direction.  I proposed to have a subordinate, in each corps, to take charge of its ambulances  in time
 qf action, through Avhom the  movements could be controlled  by  corps directors, and  Avho could detach  officers for general
 Bervice when applied to from general headquarters.  I received some time after, from the Surgeon General, the plans for the
 organization of an ambulance corps proposed by Dr. Letterman, and submitted it to General Pope, but there was no opportunity
 of carrying out any extensive plan of organization Avhen events so  croyvded upon us.
      The enemy  under Jackson retired  on the 11th and 12th.  and our lines yvere  advanced beyond the lately contested field,
 and occupied a position near Cedar mountain.  The casualties of the battle of the 9th  and 10th of August yvere large, but, as I have
 no full report from the corps engaged, they can only be estimated.  In  the Second  Corps,  yvhich was principally engaged, the
 losses were  two hundred and eighty killed, one thousand three hundred and forty-six yvounded, and two hundred and forty-one
 missing.  This report underestimates the full number of wounded and missing.  The action  on  the 9th yvas in the vicinity of
 Culver's Tavern.  The yvoods and ground on the right were the scene of the sharpest contest.  About six hundred  yvounded
 were  received, at  the first division  hospital  under Division  Medical Director Chapel's care, that evening and night.  The
 yvounded of the 2d division, having been received  from the woods  and cornfields in front, yvere sent very soon to  the rear.
 Surgeon Ball, 5th  Ohio Volunteers, acted as division medical director.   His division depot Avas not long occupied.  The enemy
 remained at night in possession of the field.  Dr. Chapel and his surgeons were actively employed all night and the next day,
 until the  ambulances removed the wounded.   "The injuries," remarks Medical Director Antisell, "were, in many cases, of
 a severe character, involving the abdomen,  arms, and thighs."  From  an analysis of a list of four hundred and eighty-three
 wounded in  the action, made at the  railroad depot at Culpepper, I  find the regions Avounded in this proportion: of the head,
 twenty;  face, nineteen; neck, seven; chest, eleven ; of the upper extremities, tyvo  hundred and eight; lower extremities, one
 hundred  and eighty-seven;  abdomen, three; back  and spine, eleven;  of the perineum  or genitals, two; of the larger  joints,
 fifteen. From the 10th to  the 18th,  the  wounded and sick were accommodated  in  Culpepper in the Episcopal,  Baptist,
 Methodist,  and Presbyterian  churches,  in the Piedmont, Virginia, and Depot  hotels, Masonic  hall,  tobacco  factory,
 Commerce street hospitals,  and tbe hospital encampment  near the railroad.   The yvounded were  frequently sent by train,
 certain cases, too dangerous to move, being left behind.  Sick yvere daily sent in from the front.  On the 16th, Medical Director
 Eauch reports: "I have removed all the  yvounded that yvill bear  tra_sportation; eo  far, have lost none.  Sent, also, sixty-one
 of tbe sick.  Have just been applied to for  ambulances  for a  portion of Burnside's command.  They also need medical
 supplies.  Have issued Avhat  was on hand to Avhomsoever has applied.  The candidates for  Alexandria are innumerable."
The troops referred to were those of General Reno, reinforcing us from Fredericksburg with eight thousand men. The ambulances
had now been in constant use for many days ; forage Avas scarce; the animals were becoming poor and yveak; while brigade
commanders and surgeons were anxious to have them return from Culpepper and general service to their commands, to rest and
recruit.  Had there been an ambulance corps organization,  much, if not all this trouble, would have been averted,  the animals 
]12                         APPENDED DOCUMENTS--SECOND  BULL  RUN.

being cared for yvherever serving, and a proper number kept in reserve for general service, exclusive of those for brigades ami
corps.  About this period, I receiyTed from Alexandria six, out of thirty-three, Autenrieth medical Avagons, filled  with supplies
which I had applied for on the 1st of July.  In coming from Culpepper to the field, only  seven  miles, over a rough road, three
yvere damaged badly.   One of them upset, being top-heavy and narroyv, and having no brakes.  For  these defects, medical
officers declined receiving them, for the reason that they  yvould be unavoidably broken to pieces and abandoned.  They  were
sent to the quarterma_ter's depot,  and brakes ordered.  The brigade surgeon of General  Buford's cavalry, then out of supplie.<
and moving to the front, secured one, gratified to have three months' medical and surgical supplies, yvith every convenience for field
emergency, packed, and ready with horses and driver.   The defects yvere duly reported, and orders sent to Alexandria to remedy
them in the wagons yet to arrive.
      On the 15th of August, our troops yvere near Cedar mountain, occupying the vantage ground yvhich the enemy had
relinquished.   The dust  of retreating trains was no  longer in vieAV from the height,  lately  Jackson's headquarters.   The
corps of  Sigel on the right, McDowell in center, Reno on the left, yvith  cavalry far in advance, guarded the approaches far
beyond Cedar mountain  by lines extending many miles.  This position  yvas maintained  until the 18th,  yvhen, the  rapid
approach of the enemy under General Lee being manifest, it yvas determined to make our line of defence on the east ride
of the Rappahannock.  Immediate steps yvere taken to remove the sick, and all proper cases among the  yvounded, with food and
attendance, from Culpepper, by railroad.   In a feyv hours, one train of cars had left for Alexandria, and others folloyved during the
ni"ht.  Surgeons yvere detailed to remain with cases it yvould be fatal to move,  and subsistence and medical stores Avere left for
them.  The purveying stores and tents yvere  packed in six cars, their numbers taken,  and, yvith the purveyor, Dr. Barlow,
Assistant Surgeon Wells, and a hospital steyvard, they were sent down the road to aAvait orders at Warrenton Junction.  All night,
our trains and troops Avere passing Culpepper.  Medical  Director Rauch,  yvith  several assistants, after every arrangement was
complete, left Avith the last train before night  on the 19th.  The running stock of the railroad was, of course, taxed to transport
the yvounded, sick, material, and supplies.  They Avent as far as Warrenton Junction.  From  there, I received accounts that the
Avounded had gone most favorably.   The railroad cooperated, giving tAvo hours' time to switch off the cars they yvere in, so as to
avoid moving them to others before going to  Alexandria.  The medical director reports "one artery tied while in motion."  By
night, our army yvas in position behind the Rappahannock, guarding its fords andbridges, and preserving the same relative position,
right Aving,  Sigel's Corps; next,  McDowell's at Rappahannock station;  then General Williams, with  the  Second Corps; left
wing, the corps of General Reno.   The general headquarters remained, on the night of the 19th, near Bealeton, the first station
east from Rappahannock.  Water *was scarce everywhere, except along the line of  the river.  The enemy's cavalry advanced
on the morning of the 20th of  August,  and continued to threaten  our troops on the west  side, then holding strong  and
commanding positions near the railroad bridge.  After due examinations and inquiries, I selected Bealeton station as the depot
for wounded and supplies.  Medical Director Rauch came up and took charge.   Purveyor Barlow, and the cars  containing his
supplies, yvere ordered from Warrenton Junction to Bealeton, to have the cars kept on the side switch of the railroad, and to
issue from them yvithout unloading, except tents  and bedding.  Surgeons Whitney, Nordquist, Vanderkieft, and other select
officers yvere sent to report to Director  Rauch, for service at the depot at Bealeton.  In proceeding from Bealeton to the front, I
took with me, to headquarters, three of the Autenrieth medical wagons.  The  predictions of  other surgeons had  been fulfilled.
Tyvo of the original number were  absent,  broken down on  the  18th,  rifled and  abandoned on  the road  from Culpepper,
not having been repaired as ordered.   I retained one, and issued one to the acting medical director of General Reno's Corps, and
another to the medical director of  King's division of the Third Corps.  The enemy made demonstrations on the 20th, but were held
in check by artillery in good positions.  I took occasion to inspect the ambulance service and the sites for receiving wounded in the
section right and left of our position in centre, and to direct that the yvounded, when dressed,  should be sent to Bealeton by cars going
frequently thither, or sent by ambulance to  the  road leading to Bealeton, to be taken on  the cars for that place.  Surgeon
Rauch yvas detached from the medical  directorship of General Augur's division, then crippled by losses during the action on the
9th, and placed in charge as medical director of the depot of wounded at Bealeton  station,  or wherever it should be moved.
Surgeons needing battle-field supplies  could obtain them  by requisition approved and issued at  the depot there.   A great many
articles of comfort and subsistence for the wounded, including ice, were sent by train from Alexandria.  The telegraph was available
for communication to Alexandria  or any intermediate station from the Rappahannock.   The general headquarters yvere in the rear
of the centre.  Those of the Second Corps yvere in the same position.  During the 20th, 21st, and 22d, the enemy attacked us
at various points, to force a passage of  the river, and we Avere constantly engaged at one or more positions.  The Avounded from
our front and entrenched positions on the Avest were brought over the bridge, dressed in the field depot, and thence, yvith other
yvounded, sent by empty cars or ambulances to Bealeton station.  Houses, at convenient points  in rear, yvere used as field hospitals
by the corps directors and surgeons.   To  them, litter bearers  and ambulances bore  the  wounded of the corps, and  thence to
Bealeton by empty railroad trains from Rappahannock station.  The commissary, quartermaster, and  ordnance supplies yvere,
from time to time, received at that point from  Bealeton.   The difficulty of striking and packing tents, purveying stores, and  other
property into cars, yvith insufficient force, though the purveying depot was  immediately upon the railroad, had so occupied my
time at Culpepper that I determined, as far as possible, to keep supplies packed in cars.  Delay might endanger the loss of the
entire amount.  I therefore ordered the supplies at Bealeton to be kept in the cars, and had the switch lengthened  so as to permit
the cars to remain out of the Avay of trains.  I also telegraphed orders from Rappahannock to Alexandria  to  have two cars
arranged Avith shelving and fixtures convenient for making issues, and to fill them with such medicines, instruments, dressings,
•timulants, anaesthetics, prepared food, blankets, Avater buckets, lanterns, etc., as  they would conveniently receive.   These
arrangements Avere promptly carried out by Purveyor Baxter, Quartermaster Ferguson, and the railroad authorities at Alexandria.
They yvere ready on the 23d.  On the  21st, I had a telegram from the quartermaster that the medical  wagons, drivers, horses,
etc., all complete, Avould go by special train on  the 22d A. m.  They did not come, however: the railroad being occupied in
forwarding reinforcements, medical supplies and ice had, at times, to  yvait opportunities.  Colonel Haupt, Captain Fifield, and
Agent Irish, afforded every facility compatible with the military necessities devolving on the  railroad.
       There had appeared in the 60th New  York Volunteers  an endemic  typhoid fever.  Medical Director  Antisell, Avith Ins 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  McPARLIN.                           113
 surgeons, had investigated the circumstances, and, on recommendation, the entire regiment had  been  ordered to  the  Sulphur
 Sprines. near Warrenton, to recruit.  This regiment yvas raised near Niagara county, Neyv York ;  had experienced conditions
 not unlike other regiments, yet its  men Avere  stricken doAvn sick by hundreds   General Banks had issued, August 4th,  an
 excellent order enforcing sanitary regulations, to correct  the causes of  this malady.  On the 21st, six hundred of this
 regiment yvere sent to Bealeton, and left by  railroad for Warrenton.   I learned  by telegram that patients yvere coming
 in by hundreds at Bealeton, and hospital tents had to be pitched.  Military force yvas asked for, yvhose  services yvere indicated
 hv telegrams, as  folloyvs: 'Bealeton, 21st August, 10 p. ai.   Dr. McParlin: Sent two hundred and eleven sick and Avounded.
 About tyventy of  these should not have gone, but could not help it.   Must have  one  hundred men  detailed here as  guard and
 to assist.  Am  much troubled about yvater, but hope to overcome  that  difficulty by to-morrow.   J.  H.  Rauch,  Medical
 Director.'  'Bealeton, 21st.  Five hundred  sick have been  forced  in upon me.   Had an inspection made to-day, but found it
 would not ansyver.  I have been compelled to go over them again.  Must have the company.  It is impossible for me to
 keep them back.'  'Bealeton, August 22d,  12.45  P. m. The enormous number of complaining  and sneaking men  that come
 in here, claiming to be sick, yvill take all the transportation  of the road, and nothing will be left for the wounded.  See what
 can  be done to remedy the evil.  B.  F. Fifield, Captain, &c.'    'Bealeton, August 22d,  11.20  a. m.  With each of these
 supply trains passing, I  see  three  or four men running  away.   A cavalry patrol should  be  here to prevent  and arrest
 them. J. H. Rauch.' ' Bealeton, August 22d, 10.30 A. M.  I have just  stopped a train of ambulances that yvas going to the
 rear. Have had  much trouble in so doing.  If I bad the detail of men  here, I would have arrested several drivers and one
 wagon-master.   J.  H.  Rauch, Medical  Director.'   On  representation   of these  circumstances, a  company was  sent  to
 Bealeton, and did good service  there.    The enemy, Avhile moving to the north, kept up  constant  artillery practice  upon
 our lines on  the  Rappahannock.  On the 24th and 25th, a rapid rise of the rivrer threatened to carry away all communication
 across, and our force on  the heights yvas brought over.  The enemy then advanced their lines toyvards the river, operating
 heavily  with  shot  and shell upon  our yvorks near Rappahannock station.  The baggage train of our headquarters had
 been sent to Catlett's station on the 20th, yvith a guard.   Before the  freshet, our lines on the extreme left had been extended
 so as to keep communication safe with Fredericksburg.   The enemy demonstrated on the various  fords, but a large force,
 which had been detached to cross at the upper ford, passed on our right.  This passage by the enemy Avas knoyvn ; and the rise in
 the river effected yvhat, otherwise, a military movement would have attempted, viz.: to separate their forces, and expose to attack
 those already over.  Their cavalry passed to our rear at Catlett's, and destroyed much personal and headquarter baggage. My office
 records were scattered about, several ATaluable papers and maps Avere lost, and my servant, horse  and bedding had disappeared.
 My cook, mess-chest and  other baggage Avere not interfered with.   One servant, however, returned, after a detour as prisoner
 to Richmond.  It may be conceived what sort of a life Avas led by us in front, so much that Avas of value and necessary for comfort
 being miles in the rear. It was, from this time, the rule, nor do I remember having my servant, baggage, office or mess articles near
 me for a day during the remainder of the campaign.   Private Upham,  of the general escort, faithfully followed me thereafter.
 The freshet, and the presence of  a torce on our  right and rear, the former holding the  enemy in check, the latter demanding
 immediate attention, made it necessary, on the 25th, to move our forces in the direction of vVarrenton.   Dispositions were made
 accordingly.   The wounded from the lines and the sick, surgical supplies, tents, cooking department, surgical staff, purveying
 cars, etc., were ordered to be moved to Warrenton Junction.  General Sigel's Corps moved to the vicinity of Sulphur  Springs
 and beyond, General Banks and General Reno following to  Sulphur Springs, McDowell taking the road to Warrenton.  The
 first-named corps yvas engaged with the artillery of the enemy at  Sulphur Springs and above.  The wounded were sent by
 ambulances to Warrenton, where they were temporarily lodged in public buildings, dressed and attended, until a train arrived
 from the Junction with supplies,  and returning,  took them to the depot then established at Warrenton  Junction.  The corps of
 General McDowell occupying Warrenton,  Acting Medical Director P.   Pineo, U. S.  A.,  yvas directed to make  suitable
 arrangements and disposition of his surgeons, to receive and care for the wounded in the town, and to have them sent to Warrenton
 Junction and Alexandria as rapidly as possible.   The medical purveying cars had come up, and the  general  depot  of wounded
 was  established at Warrenton Junction.  There were at the Junction  a number of medical officers ready for an emergency;
 among them Avere Inspector General J. F. Perley, Medical Inspectors J. M.  Cuyler and E. P. Vollum, Assistant Surgeon J.  J.
 Woodward, and Surgeon Lewis Humphreys.  These gentlemen had been  sent from Washington by the Surgeon General,  in
 anticipation of a severe engagement.
      While the army yvas in position beyond Warrenton, expecting a battle every day, constant  applications were made to me
 to have the sick sent away from  the  regimental and  brigade hospitals, that the ambulances  might  be made available.  In an
 emergency, this is proper, but under  pretence of removing the sick, if the strictest vigilance is not maintained,  the  force of
 an army will be diminished continually and unnecessarily.   As soon as intimation is given that a hospital is to be extemporized,
 sick  and convalescents are sent in, in some cases, without authority, perhaps in an irregular manner, and left to be cared for
 by others, yvithout history,  supplies, or attendants.   This lightens the  field transport service  and the  cares of regimental
 physicians, but is, nevertheless, an evil as pernicious to the military as to the medical service of the  army.
      No general engagement occurred near Warrenton.  The yvounded brought in yvere attended to  there  and at Warrenton
 Junction. Supplies were sent from the Junction to the surgeons on duty at Warrenton, and several special issues were made
 to supply deficiencies.  The wounded Avere sent to the Junction by every opportunity, and thence to Alexandria.  On the 27th,
 our army was moved towards Manassas and Gainesville, to intercept the forces of Jackson, Eyvell and  Hill, then operating in
 our rear upon the railroad.  Headquarters yvere transferred to the Junction.  I found there the  neyv  medical purveying cars,
 well stocked yvith battle-field supplies, arranged conveniently for issue, and a cargo of ice.  The wounded yvere in tents.   Water
 was brought in tubs and barrels.  The culinary department, under  the  care of Surgeon B. A. Vanderkieft, yvas extensive, and
 equal  to  the  demands made upon it.  There was a goodly supply of  food and comforts.  Ice yvas abundant, but  the Avater
supply Avas scanty.  Large caldrons Avere used for making soup and coffee, and cooks Avere as  numerous as could be desired.
The services  of the party of medical  officers  from Washington not  being immediately required, they  returned.  Medical
        15 
114
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--SECOND  BULL  RUN.
 Inspector E. P. Vollum remained, hoAvever, and was identified with the rest of our campaign, affording me cordial assistan
 and cooperation.                                                                                             '      ce
       After the 27th, orders were sent to Warrenton, to the Acting Medical Director, to break up the temporary hospitals at
 once, and to remove the sick and wounded by railroad, with food and medical attendance.  Heavy articles, mattresses etc wer
 to be sent by railroad to the depot, the other supplies to be put into the hands of proper officers to accompany the troops inovin"
 towards Gainesville or Manassas.   Meamvhile, the inmates  of  our hospital  encampment at  Warrenton Junction yvere to
 be sent to Alexandria, and Avhen that yvas done, the purveying cars, with the medical officers and the cooking department were
 to be in readiness to move.  General headquarters preceded me some hours on the march, while I yvas arranging for bringing off
 our wounded and supplies.  Extensive fires had appeared eastward in our rear, and it Avas rumored that the railroad was cut by
 the enemy.  The expected reinforcements had not arrived at  Centreville or Manassas to guard these places. Thoroughfare
 Gap yvas unoccupied, and the enemy had found an easy entrance to make rapid and destructive enterprises.  The railroad
 bridge at Kettle Run was destroyed, and the flames of an extensive fire could be plainly seen on the high plains in the distance
 toyvards Manassas.
       It was late when I reached headquarters, and learning that, during the afternoon, General  Hooker's division, yvhich had
 lately joined us,  had been engaged yvith  General  Ewell near  Bristoe Station,  I  rode over to tbe  depot for the yvounded
 established by Medical Director J.  J. Milhau, of General  Heintzelman's Corps, near Kettle Run.  The enemy, under Ewell
 had attacked Hooker's  division at  that point, on its way from Warrenton Junction,  and had fallen back to Bristoe Station!
 The bridge was then smoking  and destroyed.   The corps of  Heintzelman had been hurriedly sent forward from Alexandria to
 Warrenton Junction. Its main supplies and transport service had not come up.  Assistant  Surgeon J. C. McKee  U.  S. A
 having in charge an Autenrieth medical wagon filled yvith supplies, and some ambulances for general headquarters, to which he
 had been assigned, promptly furnished what was necessary, and assisted in valuable attention to the  wounded, numbering about
 three hundred.  On arriving, I found the wounded were cared for.  As far as the darkness permitted, they had been sought out
 and brought to the field depot.   In  the morning, this duty was continued, and new hospitals were established in the buildings
 at Bristoe Station for our own and the Confederate wounded who  were left.  I had dispatched an express the evening before
 from  headquarters yvith the following, to Medical Director  J. H. Rauch, at Warrenton  Junction:  'Bristoe Station, August
 27th, 9 p. M. Bring the purveyor's supplies in the cars by railroad to the burnt bridge at Kettle Run as soon as daylight permits
 you to run the cars.  There are many wounded from to-day's battle at that place in need of supplies.  We expect a battle
 to-morroyv, and must have the supplies as near as possible.  Find the railroad agent, and order the  train.  Bring surgeons
 dressings, ice and stimulants.'  Before these could arrive, I had reason to admire the complete service which the Autenrieth wagons
 rendered.   From it yvere drawn blankets, buckets, stimulants, anaesthetics, instruments and dressings, as well as the lanterns
 moving about, and the candles glimmering on the ground at the side of the wounded, and in the depot hospital buildings.  Tea
 and food were also supplied from it.  Medical Director  R. O. Abbott, U. S. A., of  Porter's Corps, joined  us  on the 28th, from
 Warrenton Junction, and assisted in collecting, distributing and securing attendance, accommodation and food for our wounded
 and those left by the Confederates.  He was detailed  to complete this duty.  General Heintzelman's  Corps, on the 28th, and
 its medical director, Dr. Milhau, advanced in the morning towards Manassas.  Geperal Banks's  Corps was then covering the
 retreat, and on his  coming up, Medical  Director T. Antisell succeeded  to the charge of Medical Director Abbott.  I have a
 report of Dr. Abbott showing the fulfilment of the duties devolved upon him.  His report is as follows:

                                                                                   ' Bull  Rux,  August 29, MJ2.
       Doctor : In conformity with instructions received from you yesterday, I  had  the wounded of the enemy at the battle
 ot Bristoe Station hunted up from 9 a. M. to 6 p. m.  I believe I found all that were wounded.   I saw them placed in hospital
 and properly cared for.
                                                                           R. O.  Abbott, Surgeon U. S.  A.,
 Surgeon T. A. McParlin, Medical Director.'                    Medical Director Fifth Army Corps, Army of the Potomac.
      Meanwhile, on the arrival of the railroad train on the 28th, the bridge being burned, I drew from the purveying cars
three-fourths of the stores, and placed them in wagons taken for this purpose from those that were  lightly loaded or empty in
trains of the First Corps, then passing,  selecting, when I could, good teams.  An infantry company was detailed to assist in
loading them from the railroad train, and remained permanently with them as an escort.   With this  train, Medical Director
Rauch, the operating surgeons, and the cooking department, were to advance to Manassas, keeping in the rear and accessible
to the main army.   Medical Inspector Vollum accompanied  the train.   The residue of the supplies was left with an  officer
until Medical Director Antisell should come up and take charge of them for use with the wounded of the Second Corps.  On the
29th, Dr. Antisell writes from  camp at Kettle Run that he 'superintended  collecting the  sick  and wounded, and had them
four hundred and eighty in all, moved up to  the  cars lying at that point.   They have medical  and commissary supplies  for
twenty-four  hours to come; and will be forwarded to Bull Run when the bridges over this creek and over  Broad Run are
completed.  No wounded or sick have been left behind.'  This was written after the army and our general depot had moved
on from Bristoe station.
      In this connection, I will say  that it is often difficult to obtain rations, to find a commissary, or induce an issue, except to
those  of the  special command they move with.   To obviate this, I  obtained and carried with me a copy of the following order:

                                                           'Headquarters Army of Virginia, August 29,1862.
      To the various commissaries of volunteers of the anny of Virginia:  You  will, each of you, issue rations to  hospitals
in the field, on surgeons' requisitions or returns, no matter to what corps, brigade or command either commissaries or surgeons
belong.
      By order of Major General Pope :
                                                                              E. G. Beckwith,  Colonel, C. C. S. 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR McPARLIN.
115
      The disposition of the corps, made on the 28th, was to intercept Jackson, Eyvell and Hill, then in retreat from Manassas,
through Centreville, to Thoroughfare Gap, to join the main body of Lee's army.   McDowell, Sigel and Reynolds were on the
left Reno and Heintzelman on the right, and Kearney at Bristoe.   Fitz John Porter advanced from Warrenton, and Banks
brought up the rear.   Jackson's forces, coming from Centreville, engaged  King's division of  McDowell's Corps, confronting
them near Gainesville on the afternoon of the 28th.   A  severe action ensued.  The wounded from Gibbons's and Doubleday's
brigades yvere brought to Manassas, yvhere  Acting Medical Director  Pineo, Surgeon McNulty and  others promptly provided
for them in buildings. An Autenrieth wagon furnished the amputating table, and  every facility for surgical attention.  I spent
some hours there and on the road, having come out to  meet and place the  general field depot.  Many wounded  officers  were
received at the depot. Reconnoisance showed that the  bridge beyond Manassas, towards Fairfax Station, was burned.  I had
to locate the depot near the bridge or ford north of Bull Run, yvhich Avas on the road from Manassas Junction to Centreville,
and near the main body of our army.  At the same time, it yvas accessible by a branch  railroad from Centreville  to Manassas
Junction.  Should yve remain there long  enough  to  have the bridge repaired, we could afterwards transport supplies and
wounded by railroad in  any direction.  Inspector Vollum,  Medical  Director Rauch and the  purveying depot took position
immediately at the bridge betyveen Centreville and Manassas, occupying a building near the run, which had a well of water in
the yard.  Tents yvere pitched, and the purveying wagons arranged.  There Avere no supplies destroyed or left at Kettle  Run,
all being used by Medical Director Antisell,  or brought forward by Dr. Rauch to his depot. Whilst  General  Banks remained
at Bristoe, any supplies needed Avere drawn from the cars by Avagons.
      After these dispositions Avere made, on the 29th,  I joined general headquarters in  front, passing through  Centreville and
along the Warrenton turnpike beyond Bull Run.  Our army was  engaged, on the 29th, with the forces of Jackson, Hill and
Ewell, in the region between Gainesville, Groveton, Bull Run and  Manassas.   McDowell operating from Gainesville with his
own Sigel's and Reynold's forces; Hooker, Reno and Kearney from Centreville upon their rear; Porters Corps to advance from
Manassas.  The division of General Ricketts, on the Thoroughfare Gap road, engaged the enemy on the afternoon of the  28th.
*    *   Of this diyTision, Surgeon N. R. Mosely, U.  S. V., was medical director.   I have no means of ascertaining the
number  of wounded. The engagement was kept up  actively on the  29th.  Wounded were brought in from the front, and
received the attention of the brigade  and  corps  medical officers  that  night.   The view  from  headquarters embraced a  most
extended country, filled  with troops, the  line of  camp-fires stretching for miles away towards Thoroughfare Gap.  It yvas
confidently expected at headquarters  that the  enemy,  if vigorously  assailed  before reinforcements  arrived,  would be cut to
pieces or captured.   The wounded from the  day's action were numerous.  I informed the Surgeon General of our condition and
prospects, requesting surgeons, battle-field supplies and ambulances to be sent from Washington, to meet the contingencies of
a severe engagement. This by courier to the nearest telegraph station.
      As the turnpike to  Centreville yvas very rough, several  bridges destroyed and our general depot was near the bridge, I
instituted inquiries and found a short road running from the Centreville turnpike, near  the battle-field, directly to the general
depot.  I sent circulars to the corps directors, informing them where the wounded should be sent, and stationed some mounted
men on the pike, to direct the ambulances and wounded properly.  I temporarily assigned Surgeon Lucius P. Woods, 5th New
York Cavalry, to the duty of superintending the forwarding of yvounded over this route, and of impressing the medical officers
with the importance of getting them out of the field depots to the general depot as rapidly as possible. All day on the 30th, the
ambulances yvere  employed conveying yvounded to  this depot, where they were received and cared for.   Colonel Vollum
informed me early in the day that the cooking arrangements were ample, and everything getting ready for their reception.
Three wagons had been sent back to the railroad for  supplies.   I  had dispatched to  him information  that ' we had a most
important and obstinate fkht yesterday, the 29th.   The wounded number thousands, and are seven miles from Centreville, over
a rough  road.  The bridges are broken.  I  have asked the Surgeon General for all the ambulances he can send, as well  as for
Burgeons and supplies.'  Our provisions and forage  at  this time were scanty.  It became a constant care to find and obtain
provisions for the wounded.  The supply trains were with Banks, in the rear;  the railroad  was inoperative, and little was
received by wagons  from Alexandria.
      On the 30th, the battle was renewed  on our right, and continued some hours.  The enemy Avas arriving in the direction
of Thoroughfare Gap, and seemed to be moving to our extreme left and on Manassas.   The engagement  became warmer hour
by hour, especially in the centre and near the turnpike.  The ambulances had been busy all day conveying yvounded to Bull
Run hospital depot.   I had for this duty the valuable services and assistance of a captain and lieutenant of the  newly organized
ambulance corps of General Heintzelman's  Corps.   The Autenrieth wagon and headquarters ambulances, yvhose supplies had
been renewed, were in charge of Assistant Surgeons J. C.  McKee, U. S. A., and A. C.  Benedict, 1st N. Y. Volunteers.  These
officers rendered important and immediate attention to the wounded of that corps, at the temporary depot under Medical Director
Milhau.   This duty over, they were putin position near the Stone House towards the front, yvhither I proceeded with Dr. Milhau.
I joined general headquarters about four o'clock, P. M., observing meanwhile the ambulance and litter service around me.  The
field, for miles away, with moving troops, volleys, explosions and dust of shell and shot, were all in clear view from the high
crest which we occupied.  The dust of the  enemy's main army train  on the left,  the advance of our regiments  and the long
line of the enemy's artillery fire, from the crest of the Manassas Gap railroad, yvere very conspicuous. Shot and shell were now
flying near the ambulances of Patrick's brigade of the  Third Corps.   Surgeon C. H. Wilcox,  in  charge, yvas  soon under fire,
and I apprehended each moment injury to  the ambulance animals before they could be  sent back loaded  behind  the hill.
Returning thence, I went to the turnpike in quest of headquarters and staff.  The passage of teams  from the fire in front had
borne the staff ambulances a short distance down the road.  Having satisfied myself about them,  I joined the general and his
staff, and accompanied them steadily thereafter.   The action seemed  general along the lines, and  very fierce at some points,
yvhere the enemy yvas being heavily reinforced.  The whole day had been occupied in attention to the care and prompt forwarding
of wounded, over a good road, to the depots which were near, and I felt sure were well organized to receive  them.  I believe
nearly fifteen hundred were received and fed in  the depots  on that day.  I had made  the best arrangements which, in  my
judgment, I could eff'ect with the means a  my disposal, but as I looked over the  scene, I felt  impressed with a sense of how 
116
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—SECOND  BULL  RUN.
little could be accomplished at that hour.  The wide field  for miles resounded yvith the shock of the tyvo great armies.  The
field in front, before so clear, yvas shrouded in dust and smoke.  Wavering troops emerged from its  folds and rallied, whilst
new combatants pressed onward.   The tide of battle swept backyvard and foryvard.  The crackling of musketry seemed almost
continuous.   The fury and onslaught, however, slackened at dusk, a determined resistance having checked the enemy's advance
Late in the evening, it was determined to retire to Centreville.  General Reno Avas assigned to cover  the rear with his corps
Troops and trains were moved during the night, and positions assigned them in the morning.  On the 30th, at six o'clock p m
I received a telegram  from the quartermaster at Alexandria, stating that stimulants and other articles had been sent and that
one hundred and fifty ambulances had left Washington at five o'clock P. M.  Early on the morning of the 31st, Medical Inspector
R. H. Coolidge, U. S. A., arrived at headquarters, assigned to duty as principal medical  officer of all the  troops serving yvest
of the Potomac.  The affairs of the transport service and of the medical and hospital department  Avere afterwards  directed by
tiim  at Centreville.  On the 31st of August and 1st of September, supplies, ambulances, hacks, surgeons and citizens came out
from Washington.    Tbe wounded  from all directions,  the surgical  staff, purveyor's supplies and the cooking  corps were
collected as far as possible and moved on to Fairfax Court-house.  Medical Inspector Vollum and myself remained at Centreville
yvhere surgeons yvere  busy attending to the wounded, who at  that time filled the place.  Permission yvas solicited  to bring in
our Avounded from the field occupied by the enemy.
      On the 1st of September, by direction of Inspector Coolidge, I took charge of a flag of truce and a numerous corps of
surgeons, attendants and volunteer assistants, Avith what ambulances could be found, and some yvagons yvith supplies, having an
escort of Captain LaAvrence's company of the 11th U.  S.  Infantry, and went to the battle-field.   I selected  a central point as
rendezvous  for the party,  detailed surgeons,  assistants and litter bearers, and assigned  sections of the field over Avhich to
collect wounded, in small depots,  to be brought thence by ambulances.  There were many wounded in  buildings along the road
but I deemed it more  important to collect those left scattered helpless and exposed.  For this purpose, I passed the ambulances
far to the front and  there loaded them.   Medical Director L. Guild, of General Lee's army, joined me, with  assistants, and
arrangements were made for paroling.   The paroled wounded were sent to Centreville, using for the purpose  all the wagons
and  ambulances, except  tyvo at the  rendezvous.  Subsistence and forage were sent for by courier to our  lines, and urgent
application made for ambulances to continue the work.   These yvere scarce.  One party was occupied in distributing the Btores
to depots of yvounded from a stock scantily supplied from the medical store house in Centreville.  A number of operations Avere
performed at the rendezvous, and dressings were supplied  from the Autenrieth medical yvagon and ambulances. Here and in
the adjoining depots, the surgical  corps gave  attention to  the  wounded.   Surgeon Page,  and Assistant Surgeons  Clements,
Webster, Jaquette and Howard, U. S. A., yvere occupied at the rendezvous  several days.  I cannot specify others, having no
accurate record of their names.  Several trips yvere  made to Centreville, by the feyv ambulances at our disposal, for subsistence,
stimulants, dressings, etc.  Paroling yvas continued, and subsistence and medical supplies distributed.   September 3d, I
received orders to join general headquarters, army of Virginia, and I went  to Centreville, leaving Surgeon Page, U. S. A., in
charge.  Medical Director Guild, and Drs. Cullen and Maury accompanied me.  Our army had retired from Centreville.  So
great yvas our need for ambulances, forage and food, that Medical Inspector Coolidge addressed,  on the 4th of September, a
communication to the  Surgeon General, sent through General Lee's  headquarters, for the  purpose of informing him of our
situation, and requesting urgently that food, forage and three hundred ambulances might be sent to the battle-field.   Only one
ambulance had come  from the army to  Centreville since it left that place.  It was rumored that one hundred and fifty had
passed through our lines, and that fear of capture prevented the drivers from coming on.   Our supplies in  Centreville yvere, of
course, captured.  The Confederate officers, however, shared with us, and on the morning of the 5th of September, our portion
was  sent out to the field.  Inspector Coolidge, accompanied by Medical Directors Guild and Cullen, Surgeon Maury and myself,
then returned to the battlefield.   Our wounded yvere suffering for food.  The supplies brought were distributed.  Dr. Coolidge
secured from Dr. Guild other supplies, and some beef cattle were purchased.  I am happy to say that the Confederate officers
and soldiers shared with our wounded their scanty store.  On the 6th, a train of ambulances came out. No information of our
situation  had reached  the Surgeon General yvhen it left.   I was directed by Medical Inspector Coolidge to proceed to Washington,
and report to him in person the condition of affairs.   I did so.  Orders were issued that night for every available vehicle to be
sent  out,  in addition to several weeks' supplies already  on the way thither.   The removal of the Avounded went on  under the
supervision and direction of Inspector Coolidge.   On my way to Washington, I saAV ambulances  yvere on  the  road with
yvounded from Chantilly, the last battle-field.   The army was in position, occupying the defences of Washington. The army of
Virginia  and  army of Potomac were united.  Major  General McClellan  was in  command.   The  day  after my arrival in
Washington, I yvas assigned to the charge of the general hospital at Annapolis.  I regret that the absence of all reports from
so many of the corps,  yvith the loss or damage of the few I had received from others, have  rendered  this report so incomplete.
      In the course of the campaign I yvitnessed the valuable labors, skill and efficiency of many of the medical officers of the
army of Virginia, Avhich it gives me pleasure to record.  I was directed by  the  Surgeon General  to express to them, generally,
after the battle of Cedar Mountain, his appreciation of their labors,  a duty which the press of events has prevented my fulfilling
until now.  To the medical directors of corps, Surgeon D. L. Magruder, Thomas Antisell and George Rex,  I owe  thanks for
their zealous cooperation and efficiency.   The medical  directors of the corps, from the army of the Potomac, Surgeons Abbott
and Milhau, made every endeavor to provide for their wounded.  In the absence of reports from the medical directors of corpB,
the names and service of other assistants cannot he specially mentioned.  When it was necessary to detail  surgeons to remain
with Avounded at Culpepper, a sufficient number willingly offered their services.  It is proper for me also to notice, in an especial
manner, the daily increased efficiency and  valuable services rendered by the corps of surgeons associated with Medical Director
John H. Rauch, Avho  were assigned for duty at the principal depot for Avounded and supplies, established near every battle-field
throughout the campaign.  Supplies, stimulants, dressings,  etc., were issued daily from the  store cars, upon the requisitions  of
surgeons, and, in emergencies, liberal distribution made of many articles of food and luxury.  What disappeared in one way, by
dispensing freely, yvas compensated by the amount saved in the greater facility the cars secured for transporting supplies  over
the ordinary method in retreat.  I have no official report from Surgeon  Rauch, but he informed me, after the campaign, that be 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  McPARLIN.                          117
 had lost nothing of value from his stores.  I believe he brought in many articles others had abandoned, such as hospital tents,
 etc.  At Warrenton Junction, six or eight cars yvere in use by this department.   Valuable contributions were foryvarded by the
 sanitary commission, and  it affords me  pleasure to acknowledge  the earnest and well directed efforts of one of its members,
 Dr. Chamberlaine, yvho aa as present, a yvelcome collaborator at different periods.  The wounded, I may say, yvere not sufferers
 to any extent from vicissitudes of yveather.  It yvas a fine season, with frequent midsummer rains.  The wounds inflicted in the
 various actions were, I believe, principally from minie balls and shell  at ordinary range.  Operations were performed at the
 field hospitals and general depot soon after the injuries yvere received.   The number of operations was small, in comparison with
 the number  yvounded.  No  primary resections yvere observed or reported, nor any deaths from  chloroform.   The  general
 hospitals in Alexandria and its vicinity received the greater number of the wounded, every endeavor  being made to foryvard
 them rapidly and yvith care.
      In concluding this paper, it becomes me to acknowledge the prompt response given by  you in the persons of select
 medical officers sent out for service upon  receipt of my telegram of the 30th; also, the large number of ambulances and vehicles
 sent to Centreville, Groveton and Bull Run.  The railroad yvas not in use, and a large number of  ambulances  needed.   But
 for tbe liberal supplies of condensed food, stimulants and comforts sent out by  the medical department, the  suffering in this
 campaign yvould have been greater.  Forty wagon loads of supplies, sent out and unloaded in Centreville, were invaluable.  I
 have already cited the scarcity of articles of subsistence for our army, and I believe no  commissary depot remained at Centreville
 after the army was yvithdrayvn towards the defences of Washington.  I Avas  then occupied yvith duties  to the yvounded on the
 field, and cannot cite events at Centreville yvith certainty.  It must be borne in mind, also, that arrangements cannot be perfect
 in all respects, yvith an army of that magnitude moving in retreat.   From this cause,  the ordinary means accessible for medical
 purposes were not obtainable, and  yet extraordinary resources were required.   Thousands yvere yvounded, and  all the
 transportation at our disposal Avas inadequate to the amount of service demanded.  The lessons of  experience should not be
 disregarded,  especially in  matters of such transcendent importance.   At such  a time, a yvell  organized, regularly established
 ambulance corps yvould have been a blessing.  Under proper and thorough organization, I am very confident that the hundreds
 of vehicles that passed loaded with yvounded from Centreville to  Fairfax Court-house could  have been promptly returned to
 continue the duty.  Universal experience inculcates the propriety of the division  of labor.  The army, itself, in its organization
 illustrates its necessity, and no economy or efficiency in service is possible without it.  If the medical department must transport
 its wounded, let it, at least, be done systematically and properly, as in the armies of Europe.  A permanent ambulance corps,
 once established, can have its duties in action, and at all  other times, defined by regulations, and  its members being  intelligent
 and experienced, render that instant and faithful  service which is never so much needed and appreciated as by those who
 have met the storm of battle, and yvhose honorable wounds  appeal  for attention.  Efficiency in their  alleviation subserves the
 highest personal and public interests.   The soldier that is ever well cared for respects his officers and his government.   Soldierly
 feeling attaches him to  the  service  and affects others  around him.  Premiums and  bounty  may be  very alluring,  but an
 enlightened economy in this respect, allowing greater sums to be devoted to the endowment and maintenance of an organization
 that recent experience and true humanity indicate as necessary, would, in my opinion, better subserve the personal, professional
 military and national interests involved.  A return of the medical officers of the three corps  of  the  army of Virginia,  for the
 month of July, shoyvs that they numbered two hundred and sevenjy-seven.  Those serving in the corps of Generals Heintzelman,
 Porter and Reno, in the various actions after leaving Warrenton Junction, and those of the reserve corps of Generals Sumner
 and Franklin, who joined after the action near Groveton and Manassas, I have no means of estimating.
                                                      Your obedient servant,
                                                                               THOMAS  A. McPARLIN,
 To the Surgeon General U. S. A                                                                 Surgeon  U. S.  A.

 XCIII.  Extract  from a Report.   By Surgeon J. Y. Cantwell, 82d Ohio Volunteers.
      *  *   *  "On the 7th of May, 1862,  General Schenck's brigade, of which the 82d Ohio  regiment formed a part, was
 ordered from Franklin to McDowell, Virginia, to reinforce General Milroy, who then occupied the latter place with his brigade.
 We left Franklin at ten o'clock on the 7th, and reached McDowell at nine o'clock A. M. on the 8th, a distance of thirty-four miles
 in twenty-three hours.   Stonewall Jackson's forces occupied the crest of Bull Pasture mountain, two miles distant, in full view.
 Upon consultation, it was decided that McDoyvell  was untenable, but it was determined to march out and give battle before
 falling back.  Milroy's brigade, and the 82d Ohio, from General Schenck's, were the attacking party, the remainder of Schenck's
 brigade acting as reserve.  The fight commenced about four o'clock p. M., and lasted till nine at night of the 8th of May, 1862.
 Our troops fought bravely.  The 82d Ohio lost six killed  and fifty-two wounded.   At twelve  o'clock that night, the order
 came to put our wounded into ambulances and wagons, and fall back toward Franklin.  The  order was promptly obeyed, and
the yvounded, about two hundred and forty, all told, were comfortably quartered at Franklin on the 10th of May."    *     *
 XCIV.   Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon
      Samuel Hart, TJ. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "On the 1st of May, 1862, the 63d Ohio  Volunteers, forming a part of General Milroy's brigade, moved
 southward to and beyond  McDoyvell.   In skirmishing with the enemy at Monterey, we had several wounded, one having a
 compound comminuted fracture at the knee, requiring  amputation at the lower third of femur.   After many ambulance
 journeys, and narrow escapes from  haemorrhage,  etc., the  patient recovered with an excellent stump.  Twelve miles south of
 McDowell, we were  met by the enemy, and obliged to fall back to  that town, where a stand was made to secure time.  The
 engagement which followed  was  one of unusual sharpness.  Our killed and wounded were all secured. The latter were
removed to houses in town for operations ; thence to the rear, during the night, the entire command following.  My regimental 
118
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—SECOND  BULL RUN.
loss was six killed and twenty-five yvounded.   One man died on the march, after an amputation of leg.  The other wounded
suffered much in  transportation over the very stony and corduroyed  road to Franklin.  When tyvo wheels of a vehicle  eitl
the foryvard or hinder, strike at once upon an obstacle, as in corduroyed roads, the shock seems more than double that'of tl
striking of one yvbeel; and it sometimes happens that the successive impingement upon  the logs, and the vibration or sw •'
of the ambulance, so  synchronize as to produce violent concussion and straining of the springs and  timbers, yvhile the  '  *
and outcries of the riders attest the severity of the trial of the already yvounded muscles and  fractured bones.  The yvounded
from the battle of McDowell were removed to Franklin, and treated there tyvo or three Aveeks, when those unfit for transportatio
fell into the hands of the enemy.  Fifteen of my cases were left, eight of whom died.  One case of compound comminuted
fracture, at the union of middle and upper  thirds of  right thigh, recovered.  I am  of opinion that more amputations would
have saved more lives.   General Milroy's brigade, now forming a part of General Fremont's command, continued its course
toward Winchester, through Moorfield, and  commenced  the  pursuit  of General Jackson along the Shenandoah valley endinir
in the battle of Cross Keyes, and the escape of the enemy at Port Republic.  In  that battle, our loss was considerable but I
am unable to give the numbers.  My own regiment was not engaged.   Our wounded were conveyed to Mount Jackson  where
three large  buildings furnished them  comfortable quarters.   The comprehensive plan and  thorough construction of these
buildings reflect much credit upon the enemy."     *      *     *
 XCV.   Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.    By Assistant Surf-eon
      Philip Adolphus, IT. S. Army.

       *   *   *  " I was ordered to Co. F, 4th U. S. Artillery, Captain C. L. Best commanding, stationed near Frederick
 Maryland, on January 20, 1862.   With this command, I made  the campaign in the valley of the Shenandoah, terminating my
 connection with it after  the retreat of the  army from Winchester, Virginia, May 25, 1862.  At Winchester, I was captured on
 the battle-field.   The enemy generously permitted me to continue my vocation, and furnished me, at my request, at once with
 a guard to protect me, the property in my charge and my men.  After removing the  wounded to the hospitals, I offered my
 services to Surgeon J. B. Peale, U. S. V., then in charge of the Union Hotel hospital in Winchester.   During my Bojourn at
 this hospital, and on the  approach of our forces, the enemy invited me, yvith seven  medical  officers, my fellow-prisoners to
 tender our parole not to serve until regularly exchanged, which we refused to do.  Before the Confederates left Winchester,
 we had the honor to conclude an agreement (a copy of Avhich is appended), by which we  were unconditionally liberated.  A
 clause Avas added, urging  us to use our influence with our government, that the principle  that surgeons, as non-belligerants,
 should not be considered  prisoners of yvar, and, therefore, should not  be liable to capture, might be recognized.  The result,
 as is knoAVii to the  department, was the immediate  release of all  Confederate medical  officers by our government, and the
 recognition of the above principle, followed by a similar action,  six weeks later, by the rebel authorities.  On the retreat of the
 rebels under Jackson, I Avas ordered, on June 3,1862, by Surgeon Thomas Antisell, U. S. V., to the Academy general hospital,
 where I had charge of  the rebel  and  union wounded until  July 12th, when, the  hospitals of Winchester  being discontinued,
 I was ordered to take fifty-eight patients to  Harper's Ferry, and report myself for duty at the  hospital of that  post.  The
 hospital being  discontinued, I was ordered for  temporary  duty to Alexandria on the 12th of  August, immediately after the
 battle of Slaughter Mountain.   I  reported to  Surgeon John E. Summers, U. S. A., in  charge of the hospitals in Alexandria,
 and Avas assigned for duty at Mansion Hotel hospital.  After the second battle of  Bull Run, I was put in charge of a building
 in Washington street, Alexandria, yvhich I organized as a  hospital for wounded, and remained there until September  17th,
 when I was ordered to the field."      *       *       *
                                                                               " Winchester, Va., May 31,1862.
      We, surgeons  and assistant surgeons, U  S. Army, now prisoners of war in this place, do give our parol of honor, on
 being unconditionally released, to report in person, singly or collectively, to  the  Secretary of  War in Washington City, and
 that we yvill use our best efforts that the same number of medical officers of the Confederate States Army, now prisoners, or
 that may hereafter be taken, be released  on the  same terms. And, furthermore, we will, on our honor, use our best efforts to
 have this principle established, viz., the unconditional release of all medical officers taken prisoners  of Avar hereafter.
      (Signed) J. Burd Peale, Brigade Surgeon, BlenJcer's Division; J. J. Johnson, Surgeon 27th Indiana Vols.; Francis
Leland, Surgeon 2d Massachusetts Vols.; Philip Adolphus, Assistant Surgeon U. S.  A.; Lincoln R.  Stone, Assistant
Surgeon 2d Massachusetts Vols.;  Josiah F. Day, Jr., Assistant Surgeon  10th Maine  Vols.; Evelyn L. BlSSEL, Assistant
Surgeon hth Connecticut Vols.
      Approved: Hunter McGuire,  Medical Director Army of the Valley, C. S."
XCVI.    Third Extract from a Narrative of his  Services  in the Medical Staff.   By Surgeon
      C. F. H. Campbell, U. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *   "On the 20th of March, I accompanied General Hatch to Washington, en route for the army of the Potomac,
in which he was to have had a command; but, after joining the army, we Avere ordered to report to General Banks, then
serving in the valley of Virginia.  We found him, on the 13th of April, at Woodstock.  The cavalry of his corps Avas assigned
to General Hatch.  The command Avas composed of five regiments and  a  battalion.  The  men  were  all in  good condition
physically, and the  medical and hospital supplies were ample.   There was, however, a great deficiency of ambulances.  The
advance from Woodstock up  the valley Avas commenced on the 17th, and, on  the  27th, we  reached  Harrisonburg,  having
skirmished throughout the route Avith the rebel rear-guard, with but  few casualties.   *   *   The retrograde movement  com-
menced  on the  5th  of May, and, with the exception of skirmishing between the cavalry of the two forces, our march was not 
REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS  CAMPBELL  AND  ANTISELL.
119
seriously interrupted until yve reached Middletown on the 24th, having halted for a  day or two at different points on the road.
At this point, Ave encountered the rebel army under Generals Jackson and Ewell.  They opened on our cavalry with artillery,
at a range of about a thousand yards, the firing being rapid, but not very effective, only eight of our men receiving wounds from
fragments of shells.  These men Avere left in the toAvn, under charge of a medical officer.   The  movement of the rear-guard
of cavalry, Avith  which the  Avriter found himself, after making  the  necessary arrangements for  the comfort of the Avounded,
was arrested by the enemy's infantry, and  it yvas  necessary to  fall  back some distance, and make a  wide circuit of  several
miles, in order to reach Winchester that night.   Early on the morning of the 25th, our pickets thrown out on the Winchester
road yvere driven in, and the action  commenced at short range  yvith artillery and infantry.  The fighting for about an hour
was  determined and deadly, principally, hoyvever, between the infantry;  but our  forces being greatly outnumbered, and
not receiving timely support, fell back  in confusion, taking  the line of road for Martinsburg and  Williamsport.   I cannot
Bpeak from observation as to the number of Avounded in this battle, not being physically in condition to attend to my duties.
The army again advanced across the  Potomac, from Williamsport. Maryland, on the 9th of June, and marched to Winchester on
the 15th.   *  *  Our descent on the plains of Virginia was made  from Front  Royal, whither we had marched from Middletown
the remnant of General Banks's forces being united with  those of  General McDowell's Corps, to form a portion of General
Pope's  army.  The cavalry remained under General Hatch.  On the  12th of July,  the cavalry, numbering about eighteen
hundred, advanced on Culpepper Court-house, yvhich Ave entered, driving the enemy before us, having but four men slightly
wounded by musketry.  *   *   From the 16th  to the  29th, futile  efforts were made  by the  cavalry forces to march
on  Gordonsville, from  Culpepper.   July 29th,  General  Hatch was relieved  from  his cavalry command,  and ordered to
Fredericksburg, to take command of an infantry brigade in General King's division.  I accompanied him as  chief medical
officer of the brigade, Avhich yvas composed of six regiments, mostly veteran troops, inured to the fatigues of a soldier's life and
amply furnished with all needful supplies,  and with a fair  corps of medical officers.  On  the  10th  of August, the division
marched on the road toAvards Culpepper Court-house, and,  on the 16th, the Cedar Mountain battle-field Avas reached, the battle
at that place having been fought before our arrival.   By the 20th of the  month, the whole army,  which had  commenced
retreating the day previous, Avas on the  north side of the Rappahannock river.  The enemy attacked, on the 21st, with artillery
from the south  bank, making  various  efforts to cross the river at  different points during that and the following day.   The
wounds resulting  from  these two days' fighting yvere all produced  by fragments of shells, and, in a few rare instances from
round musket balls, projected from exploded shells of the WhitAvorth pattern.  Two division hospitals were organized, which
were afterwards consolidated about a mile from the river, and received the wounded to the number of some fifty or sixty, who
were brought in as rapidly as circumstances Avould admit.  The  surgical arrangements were nearly all that could be required
and the attendants faithful in the performance of their duties.  About ten or tyvelve major operations were performed all with
the aid of chloroform.   *  *   The wounded  from this field were  all transported to  Warrenton, afterwards  to Warrenton
Junction, and from thence to Washington by rail.
      The Warrenton general hospital, established in  a church, as  a depot for the reception of the wounded from the above
field, was placed under my charge by special orders on the 24th.  Some three hundred men, in transit to Washington, were
admitted during the 24th and 25th.  About twenty operations were performed, principally major and minor amputations of the
upper extremities.  Every case admitted yvas carefully examined, fresh dressings applied, and the men prepared in every way
possible for their transit to the rear.  These duties accomplished, I yvas ordered to proceed to Fairfax Court-house, receive the
wounded arriving there, and forward them on the railway trains sent out for them.  This latter duty occupied  me during the
26th and 27th, when  I rejoined my command.
      The  enemy opened on us yvith artillery at Groveton, on the Centreville and Gainesville road, the 28th, yvhen the second
battle of Centreville, or Bull Run, commenced.   A general hospital was established in a very large old mansion, removed about
a mile and a half from  the field, to yvhich a large number of the yvounded yvere brought in ambulances. The corps of medical
officers at this hospital was  so small  that the principal labors of operating, dressing, etc., devolved upon myself and three other
medical officers. For three days and two nights we labored almost incessantly.  The wounded were literally croyvded in upon
us, not one of whom, I think I  can safely say, was sent off without receiving that care which his  case called for.  Our medical
and hospital supplies proved ample for our wants.  It was at this time, especially, that  the  new  medical  wagon  was so
thoroughly tested, and found of invaluable service to us."
XCVII.  Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the  Medical  Staff during the Summer
     of 1862.   By Surgeon Thomas  Antisell, U. S. Volunteers.
      "On July 4, 1862, I left the headquarters of the Department of the Shenandoah, stationed near Middletoyvn, Virginia, in
order to visit the various hospitals of the command  at Winchester, Harper's Ferry, Hagerstown  and Frederick, with orders
from Major General Banks to empty the hospitals in Virginia, if possible, and mass the sick, as far as practicable, at Frederick,
Maryland.  In fulfilling my instructions, I visited these various points, and found considerable difficulty in separating the sick
of the department from those of Generals Fremont and Sigel, then ■temporarily stationed in the valley.   Owing to the  large
number of sick with the wounded of the department, it had been necessary, a few months previous, to establish hospitals in
Winchester at the Union Hotel, the York Academy and the Seminary.  In June, I issued instructions to Doctor Leland, of the
2d Massachusetts Volunteers, then in charge of Union Hotel hospital, to empty it as early as possible.  This was ordered, as
well to diminish the number  of separate hospitals as to prevent the confusion arising  from the mingling of soldiers of different
commands in  one building.  At the visit in July, I directed the removal  of all patients, who could safely be moved, from
Winchester to Harper's Ferry and Frederick.  Assistant Surgeon Adolphus, U. S. A., was charged with the transfer.
      While I was absent on this duty, General Banks  received orders to march his command across the Blue Ridge, to effect
a junction with General McDowell's troops, then moving from Fredericksburg to join General Pope's command.   I rejoined the
command (now the Second Corps of the army of Virginia) between Sperryville and Little Washington.   A few days afterwards. 
120
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--SECOND  BULL  RUN.
July 18th, it camped on Hedgeman's river, Fauquier county.   Here, according to instructions from Surgeon McParlin medical
director of the army of Virginia, I had requisitions  for hospital tents for all the regiments of the command foryvarded, and had
the sick removed to Alexandria via Warrenton, yvhere they were received by Surgeon Rauch, who had been placed on detached
duty for that purpose.
       During the stay of the troops in the Shenandoah valley in June, .and since their arrival here, I yvas impressed with the
yvide-spread  desire, both of officers and men, to escape from service by discharge, under guise of disability.  It appeared to me
that company officers and the medical staff of the regiments either openly favored discharging men without adequate disability
or, overcome by importunities which they were unable to resist, too readily, and yvithout examination, accepted the statements
of complaining officers and men.   Believing that this practice, if not checked, Avould tell  injuriously on the  strength of the
corps,  I addressed a letter to the medical director of the army, suggesting a remedy.
       On the 23d, the  Second Corps moved close  to  Little Washington, where it remained until the 1st of August.  During
the march of the  corps  from Middletown toward  Sperryville, some  sick had been necessarily  left behind  at Middletoyvn
Front Royal and at Washington.   On the 29th of July, I instructed Surgeon Marshall, of the 3d Delaware, to proceed to these
places  and gather up all  of our sick, and return  them to the command.  About the 1st of August, these  men yvere forwarded
to Warrenton Station, for transport to Alexandria.   In this encampment, the Second Corps was placed along a swell of land
which  gently sloped both north and south.  There was but little heavy timber on the ground; the yvater  was pure and
abundant, and the soil porous and dry.   The days were very warm,  and the  nights unusually cool, owing, I  suppose, to the
altitude and  the proximity to the mountains.  Every circumstance indicated a favorable position for an army corps encampment.
Yet, during the  stay here, the corps yvas unusually sickly, a large number applying daily at the morning call.  This yvas more
observable in the 2d division.  On personal inspection  of the  regimental  camps, I thought  I ascertained  the exciting cause to
be their too close proximity.  The regiments lay so close alongside that the sinks of one regiment were not farther than thirty
feet from the company  tents of another.   The shelter-tents yvere placed alongside each other in close proximity, and the streets
in front  were not  more than four feet wide.  In a few companies, the tents were dos a dos, thus alloyving no ventilation on
three sides of each.   The offal, and other remains of the cattle  slaughtered by regiments, lay unburied and decomposing on the
grass in the rear of each, and thus tyvo fertile sources of disease Avere apparent.
       The 60th New York Volunteers suffered most severely.   During the last week of July, one-half of the regiment lay in
hospital, or in their  shelter-tents, unable to move.   The disease, as far as I could ascertain by close examination,  was a true
typhus mitior; that is, a continued fever without any symptom of malarious  origin, and, generally, yvithout  complication of
cavities.   It affected officers equally with men, and the medical officers, in turn,  were attacked.  Viewing this disease as one of
ochletic origin solely, I advised the immediate removal of this regiment to the rear.  It was sent  to Sulphur Springs, where I
afterwards sayv it, slowly improving.  It was difficult to assign any reason why this regiment should suffer so much more, both
in the number and severity of the cases, than others in  the division.  Their camp Avas not so much crowded together as others,
nor the decomposing animal matter so close to the tents. The only explanation  I could imagine to be in any degree true, was
as follows: The regiment was raised but a few months before, and had been but a few weeks in  the command, having joined
it at Harper's Ferry, after  the second retreat from  Winchester.  It was  composed, in  a large degree, of  men from the shore
of the St. Layvrence river, many of them lumbermen, and none of them dyvellers in cities.  St. Lawrence and Jefferson counties
furnished a great  number.   Brought rapidly down to a warmer climate, placed on the banks of a river, and aftenvards
subjected to continuous marching for ten days, ending in a crowded encampment for ten  days more, perhaps it was thus exposed
to all the circumstances which would produce fever arising from crowd  poison.  I called the  attention of Medical Inspector
Vollum, then inspecting,  to the case of this regiment.  In order to prevent a continuance or recurrence of this pernicious mode
of encampment, I recommended the adoption of the more rational  mode of camping, which was  embodied in Order No. 16 ot
Major General Banks.
      On the 4th of August, the corps left the vicinity of Little Washington and moved towards Culpepper, where it encamped
on the north side of the town on the 7th.   On the 9th, at an early hour in the morning, it passed through the town of Culpepper
and moved up the road to Calvin's tavern and halted for a  short time at Cedar Run.  Here  the enemy was first observed,
moving toward the corps in force.  Major General Banks advanced his men to about a mile south  of the run by noon, and the
engagement was soon after commenced by the artillery of the enemy posted on Slaughter Mountain.  The battle of Slaughter
Mountain, improperly termed Cedar Mountain, from the name of the small  stream in front of yvhich  the command lay, was
fought  upon rolling land, the ridges running nortlnvest and southeast, one  of the  eastern terminations  rising to  a  swell of
perhaps four hundred feet high, named after a former proprietor, Mr. Slaughter.   The ground on the east of the turnpike was more
open, being, in great part, meadow, with patches of yvood.  Here the 2d division of the corps, commanded by General Augur,
was placed, the regiments arranged along the northern slope of the swell, and lying down where the slight slope of  the ground
required their concealment.  On the west of the turnpike road lay the  1st division, under General Williams, the 1st brigade of
which,  commanded by General Crawford, lay next the road.   General  Gordon's brigade was  planted on the right, close behind
a thick belt of timber, which crowned one of the ridges.  Large cornfields and a wheat patch occupied most of the ground in front
of General Williams.  Artillery fire commenced early in the afternoon, chiefly on the left, and by three o'clock the cannonading
on both sides Avas constant, the enemy appearing to push our left.   About noon, I had ridden over the ground in the rear, seeking
positions for field hospitals, the medical director of the  division  having been  indisposed for some days previous.  I selected a
house on a ridge slope north of the belt of woods alluded to.   In the evening, this being found too close, the hospital had to be
moved  further back to the valley behind the ridge.   The acting medical director of the 2d division, Dr. Ball, surgeon of the 5th
Ohio Volunteers, selected a protected situation behind the division, in a grove.  The medical  care  of this division devolved on
this officer Dr. Rauch, its medical director,  having been detached by  order  of the  medical director  of the army.   His
arrangements were judicious and deserving of commendation.
       At tyvo p.  m., I rode  along the line in the rear, to see that the regiments were supplied with one assistant surgeon each, the
surgeons having been instructed to report to the medical directors of divisions  at the field hospitals.   With few exceptions, I 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  THOMAS  ANTISELL.                            121
 found the medical officers in their places.   By three o'clock, the action had so progressed as  to engage the whole 2d division.
 The wounded yvere brought to the rear rapidly, and, after being dressed and furnished with stimulants, were sent to Culpepper,
 in accordance yvith instructions received from the medical director of the army.  As  late as half past five p. jr., I was of the
 opinion that the establishment of two hospital depots was superfluous, no yvounded having been received at 1st division depot
 until six o'clock, when the enemy suddenly appeared in the corn and wheat-fields in  front, and pushed toward the thick timber.
 The struggle for the yvoods was very bitter, the sound of the rifles never ceasing for two hours, yvhen our troops  were ordered
 to fall back.  The distance from the edge of the woods to the 1st division hospital  was not more than seven  or eight hundred
 yards; and, from six to eight o'clock, the stream of yvounded was continuous.  Ambulances were dispatched back as soon as they
 unloaded, and, at seven o'clock, as many as 400 wounded were spread along the grass in front of the dwelling house.  As  soon
 as they were dressed and fed, those not requiring immediate  attention yvere  moved into the house, and urgent  operations yvere
 performed.  A number of those yvounded in the chest and abdomen died during the  night.  The engagement having been so close,
 in some places hand to hand, the  wounds were very grave, and an unusual proportion of trunk wounds were remarked on the
 hospital grounds.  For the same reason, the number of staff and regimental officers wounded was large.    *     *    Several
 operations yvere performed here on the 10th, and. on the 11th the yvounded were slowly removed to the hospitals established by the
 medical director of the army at Culpepper.  The removal of the yvounded from 2d division hospital took place from the outset,
 so that feyver operations were performed on the field in that hospital. It yvas fully emptied on the next day, while that of the 1st
 division yvas not wholly removed until the close of the next week.  As the enemy  occupied  the field, but little was done in
 burying the dead or removing the yvounded on the day after  the battle.  This was accomplished under the special direction of
 the medical director of the army.   Having left the hospital in charge of the  division  directors, I left  the front at eight o'clock,
 and rejoined the staff of General Banks, yvhom I found in a wood, a mile to  the rear, with General Pope and his staff.  Here,
 also, was the division of General Ricketts, and, next in the rear, the corps of General  McDowell.  In a feyv minutes  after  my
 arrival, the enemy commenced shelling the yvoods, Avhich broke  up tbe meeting  there.  In the confusion, General Banks met
 with a severe contusion of the hip, which, for several days, was so painful as to incapacitate  him from moving actively about.
 He still, however, remained in command, General Williams  performing the more active duties. The heat of the day had been
 intense, and although the bright moonlight of the night yvas favorable  to our outdoor hospital duties, yet,  during the night, it
 became cool, an atmospheric change which acted unfavorably on the wounded, many of whom had to remain, through the night,
 exposed on the grass around the  1st division  hospital.  Although during the engagement of the  9th, artillery had been
 principally  employed early in the afternoon, yet the number of shell or round-shot wounds  brought off the field was  very
 Bmall,  compared with  the number yvounded  by  minie  balls  later in the  day.  No  resections yvere performed  in  the field
 hospitals; a few were  made in Culpepper.  Subsequently, the  order for early removal from the field to the station  near  the
 railway led  to the performance of amputations preferably.
      On the 11th, General Banks moved his headquarters to Culpepper,  where he remained until  the 18th.  During  this
 interval, I spent a large portion of each day in the various hospitals of the town, yvhich were filled up for several days with the
 wounded brought from the field and the 1st division hospital as fast as they Avere being removed from the town by rail.  Several
 amputations and a feyv resections were performed here, and those who suffered but little shock were sent, toward Alexandria, so
 that when the  troops Avere moved but two public buildings were  occupied as hospitals.  The more seriously wounded in these
 were left behind when the army evacuated the place, and fell into the hands of the  Confederates.  A  few of them  were carried
 to Eichmond, but the greater number remained at Culpepper, attended by our surgeons, who  had been left behind to care for
 them.
      On the 18th, General Banks moved his headquarters  from Culpepper to Sulphur Springs,  and thence, on the 19th, to
 Rappahannock Station.  While at the Springs, I visited the 60th New York, which occupied the large hotel, the tyvo large lower
 rooms being used as a hospital, in yvhich a large number of the men still remained, suffering  from  the fever mentioned in  the
 early part of this report.   One hundred and thirty-nine patients were on the morning report  of the hospital,  and one hundred
 and seventy-two sick in quarters; making, with a few musicians, a total of three hundred and  fifteen men of the regiment non-
 effective.  On account of the persistent  sickness of this regiment, I recommended that it should be sent to the rear, outside of
 the command,  and ventured to suggest Fort Schuyler, New York harbor, or some other northern point.   I believe this regiment
 was sent to  Harper's Ferry, yvhere it subsequently joined the command.  On reaching Rappahannock Station, orders were sent
 back to remove the troops from the Springs, on account of the approach of the enemy.   *  *
      On the 28th, the corps passed Catlett's Station, in its retreat; the roads were blocked up with teams moving down.   We
 passed Porter's Corps in the morning, and went into camp at Kettle Run at five o'clock P. M.   On the 29th, the bridge at the Run
 not being fully repaired, the corps was stationary.   During the forenoon, I visited a train of cars with wounded close by; about
 five hundred and fifty wounded and sick were aboard.   On the 30th, the corps moved close to Manassas, and thence back to Broad
 Run, where  it halted.  Finding a large  number of sick lying at two houses in  the  vicinity, I seized all the empty wagons I
 could find, and, placing the men in them, sent them on towards Alexandria.  They were about two hundred in number.  On the
 31st, we reached Bristoe Station.  I found forty sick at  the station house,  and placed them in wagons.  We left by way of
 Brentsville, and thence to Centreville.  When the corps left Bristoe Station, the train of cars left behind with quartermasters' and
other stores, one of them with purveyor's property, were set on fire.  On the 2d of September, I left Blackburn Ford, en route
for Alexandria, yvith such  sick as could be forwarded to that  point, and rejoined the corps on the 3d, near  Fort Albany.
September 4th, the corps moved through Georgetown, and encamped at Tenallytown."
16 
122
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--SECOND  BULL  RUN.
XCVIIL   Extracts from a  Narrative  of his  Services.   By Surgeon  N.  K.  Mosely,  X  s
      Volunteers.
        *  *  *   "I reported, on the 20th of October, at Seneca Mills, Maryland, as brigade surgeon to Brigadier (ieneral
Abercrombie, of General Banks's division.  The brigade consisted of the 2d and 12th Massachusetts, the 16th  Indiana and the
30th Pennsylvania Volunteers.   It  went into  Avinter quarters at  Frederick, Maryland, with the rest  of  General Banks's
command, in the latter part of November, 1861, and no military event of interest occurred during the winter. On the 27th of
February, 1862, the command crossed the Potomac, on pontoon bridges, at Harper's Ferry.  On the 1st of March, the 2d
Massachusetts Volunteers advanced to Charlestown.  A slight skirmish occurred at this place, but without any casualty.  The
other regiments of the brigade occupied the town on the evening of the same day.  We marched from Charlestoyvn, on the 10th
of March, for Winchester, at  which place yve went into camp, and  remained until the 21st.  General Abercrombie was then
ordered, yvith his  brigade and the division supply  train, to proceed to  Manassas Junction.   The troops and train crossed the
Shenandoah river at Snicker's Ferry on the 22d.   Several skirmishes occurred on  the march, but without accident.   On the
24th, Avhile in camp at Aldie, Ave received  orders to return immediately to Winchester, a battle being in progress betAveen the
forces of General  Shields and Stonewall  Jackson.  We arrived  at  the  Shenandoah  river the next  morning at daylight, and
halted for a short rest.  Before noon, we had recrossed the river, and were on our Avay towards Winchester.   Myself and two
of the aids were  in the advance, and near Berryville, at which place I had intended to provide hospital  accommodations for
the sick, Avhen we were met by messengers yvith news and  orders from General Banks.  The battle of Winchester had  been
fought, and the head of our column was  again placed in the direction of Aldie, taking our sick yvith us in ambulances.  The
command  at this  time  consisted of the 2d and 12th  Massachusetts, the 16th Indiana and 9th New York Volunteers,  with
Mathew's battery and one battalion of the 1st Maine Cavalry.  It yvas supplied yvith  Sibley, wall and wedge tents, and other
conveniencies of camp life, requiring  an unusual amount of transportation, each  regiment having from seven to ten baggage
wagons, which, with the supply yvagons of General Banks's division, made a train about three miles in length. *   *
      We reached Warrenton Junction, a post then occupied by the corps of Major General Sumner, on the  3d of April.  At this
place, one battery and two regiments of cavalry were added to the  command.   The old troops retained their Sibley and wall
tents, and were encamped as comfortably as the nature of the ground would permit; for it was  loyv, marshy, and strewn with
carcasses of dead animals.  The new cavalry regiments, however, had an inadequate supply of shelter tents, and suffered much
from exposure to the weather. A severe snow and rain storm, to which the men were exposed, occurred on the 10th, and much
sickness  prevailed from  this cause,  and from the emanations of decaying animal matter, which had been  left unburied by
General Sumner's troops.  The diseases assumed a  remittent and  typhoid character.   I established a brigade hospital at a
large farm-house, in a healthy location, a mile northeast of the camp.  Assistant Surgeon J. M. Haywood was placed in charge,
and all of the sick but tyvo recovered.  These were buried near the hospital. About one hundred sick, belonging to the division
of General Blenker, had been left at Warrenton  Junction.   They were in a destitute condition, being nearly without food and
medicines, and with no medical attendants.  The circumstances connected with the abandonment of these sick soldiers were
reported by me to the Surgeon General, who ordered their removal to general hospital in Washington.  *  *
      On the 1st of May, Brigadier General Hartsuff relieved General Abercrombie in the command of the brigade.   A new
encampment yvas immediately selected on the high  grounds, near Catlett's Station, and the troops were removed to it.  The sick
yvere removed to  the brigade hospital in  charge  of Doctor Haywood. The brigade marched for Fredericksburg on the 12th
of May, and  yvas assigned to the  corps of Major General McDowell, encamping on the north bank of the Rappahannock river,
four miles northeast of Falmouth.
      On the 23d, I yvas relieved from duty as surgeon of the brigade, for the  purpose of establishing a general hospital at
Fredericksburg.  Previous to this time, however,  the sick of General McDoyvell's army had been sent to the general hospitals
of Washington.   I took possession of two large buildings, a tobacco warehouse and an unfinished hotel, the two being capable
of accommodating a thousand patients.  Without furniture or bedding, this hospital yvas occupied  by men who were not really
sick, but AA-ho preferred the inconvenience of the establishment to long marches and the exposure incident  to" camp life.  Their
diseases Avere not of such a character as to warrant me in making arrangements for a permanent  hospital.
      When the  command of General McDowell, with the exception of the division  of Pennsylvania  Reserves, under the
command of General McCall, left Fredericksburg, I Avas ordered to take the men remaining in hospital, who could  not march,
to Washington, and afterwards to join my  brigade.   I executed  this order on the 31st of May, and  rejoined the brigade at
Front Royal, Virginia, on  the 5th of June.  I found it just going into  camp, after returning  from an  unsuccessful pursuit
of Jackson, in the direction of Strasburg.   The camp selected at Front Royal yvas on the high grounds north of the town.  The
troops, at this time, used shelter tents, having abandoned their Sibley and wall tents previous to leaving Fredericksburg.  On
the 13th, tAvo hundred wounded, belonging to the  command of General Shields, arrived at Front Royal from Luray, after the
action with the forces of Jackson.  They had been conveyed in  army wagons, and many of them  suffered  by this means of
transportation, having gunshot yvounds of a serious character.  These men were under the charge of Doctor Hayes, a surgeon
of one of the Pennsylvania regiments, yvho had been  ordered yvith them  to Front Royal, to place them in general hospital at
that point.  There being no  hospital in  operation at this time at Front Royal, and no surgeon on duty at the post, I assumed
charge of them, providing such accommodations in vacant buildings as could be had, and, by the aid of the medical officers of
Hartsuff's brigade, rendered them such attention as their situation required.   Their yvounds were all dressed, and they were
made as comfortable as yvas possible  under the  circumstances.  On  the 14th, they Avere  sent on the cars to Washington, under
the charge of Doctor Hayes.
      On the 17th, the brigade Avas transported by railroad to Manassas, where it arrived at ten o'clock P. M., and bivouacked
for the night.  General McDowell's headquarters  had been  established here a few days previous to the arrival of the brigade.
On  the 19th, a severe accident  happened to the general, who was throyvn from his horse.  The troops of General McDoyvell
remained in camp at Manassas until the 4th of July, yvhen they marched towards Warrenton.  Temporary hospitals had been
established at this point, to which  the sick were transferred and left after the troops had marched.  *   * 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  N. R.  MOSELY.
123
      On the evening of the 5th, the brigade went into camp on Bolivar farm, the old homestead of Prof. Wm. E. Horner, of
Philadelphia.  Brigadier General  Ricketts being now in command of the division, which consisted of  Hartsuff's, Towers's and
Duryea's brigades, I yvas appointed medical  director of the division.  Previous to the arrival of the troops  at Warrenton, the
men had little other food than the army ration, the unproductive country in the vicinity of Manassas affording but a scanty supply
of fruit or fresh vegetables.  Throyvn suddenly among the rich farms about Warrenton, where fruits and fresh vegetables were
found in abundance, I anticipated the occurrence of disease from the unlimited use of these articles, in which the men indulged
treely for several days.  Fortunately, no bad results occurred from this intemperance;  but rather a salutary  influence  was
produced, manifestations of scurvy, yvhich had  been noticed at Manassas, rapidly subsiding  after our arrival at Warrenton.  I
established a general  hospital at this place.  The buildings used Avere the large Warren Green hotel and  the Methodist
church contiguous to it.  Surgeon T. E. Mitchell  Avas placed in charge of this hospital.  The patients brought here Avere made
comfortable, and were well treated.  They yvere mostly wounded from other commands, principally from the cavalry from the
front, south of the Rappahannock river.   Their yvounds were  not generally serious, consisting mostly  of gunshot flesh wounds
of the extremities.
      On the 22d of July, the troops of General  McDoyvell's Corps Avere placed in the army of Virginia, under Major General
Pope.  From Warrenton  they marched to Waterloo, Avhere they remained until the 5th of August, when they  again marched
to Culpepper Court-house.  The sick at Waterloo, and those remaining at Warren Green hospital, were sent  to  the general
hospitals  at Washington.   The troops  encamped one mile north  of Culpepper Court-house on the 6th of  August.   On the
8th, the camp yvas moved five miles south of Culpepper.  On the 9th, the division moved forward to Cedar Mountain, where
General Banks was engaged yvith the enemy under Stonewall Jackson.  Hartsuff's and Towers's brigades, with two batteries,
were ordered up on the right of General Banks, yvhen a brisk cannonading commenced, continuing for several hours.   The fire
from Mathew's battery did good execution  on the left and  centre  of the rebel line.   The  darkness of the night,  however,
prevented the  engagement of our infantry force.  The  principal fighting in this engagement was done by the troops  under
General Banks on the morning and afternoon of the 9th.
      The strength of the division at this time yvas about seven  thousand five.hundred men.  We yvere well supplied with
ambulances, medicines and hospital stores.  Our hospital tents had been left in camp, near Culpepper, occupied  by sick and
disabled soldiers, yvho yvere unable to march.  The yvounded, after the battle, were carried to farm-houses and other  buildings
near the field, and amply supplied yvith water.  The supply of food was not abundant, but the men did not suffer for the want
of nourishment, and, the weather being yvarm, no  suffering yvas caused by exposure.  The wounded were brought from the field
to the field hospitals on hand-stretchers, the ambulances being employed in conveying them thence to Culpepper.  From this
point, they yvere sent by railroad to Alexandria  and Washington.  Having been occupied on the field in  dressing  and
removing the  wounded from the 10th to the 14th, I had no opportunity of knowing the character of the operations performed
at Culpepper Court-house.  The number of wounded carried  from the field under my direction yvas about seven hundred  and
fifty, nearly all of  whom belonged to the command of General Banks; the remainder yvere rebels.  Considerable delay was
experienced in their removal, as the rebels held the field, so that it could only be done under a flag of truce.
      On the 15th, the troops moved south of Cedar Mountain some six miles, and occupied a position on the  Rapidan river,
which was maintained until the  approach of General Lee with an overwhelming force. On  the 18th, the army of General
Pope commenced to retire in the  direction of Culpepper, Ricketts's  divison covering the  retreat.  An accident  occurred near
Culpepper, Avhilst destroying a bridge on the Orange and Alexandria railroad, one man being killed and three severely injured.
On the 19th, the troops  reached the north bank of the Rappahannock river, at  Rappahannock Station, where  batteries were
planted commanding the ford.   On the afternoon of the 20th, the cavalry, being closely pressed, retired to the north bank of the
river.  On the 21st, at daylight, the enemy commenced shelling our position.  Their fire was promptly replied to from our side.
The artillery firing continued, with slight intermission, until the 23d,^when we retired in the direction of Warrenton.  I established
a hospital in a large farm-house, one and a  half miles  in the rear of our lines, where I  received about one  hundred and fifty
men  belonging to the divisions of Generals Ricketts and King.  General Banks applied to me at this hospital for medical advice.
He had been badly bruised on the right side of the body and thigh, occasioned by the fall  of his horse.   His body was much
ecchymosed and swollen, which prevented him from taking  command of his troops in  person.  He  had, however, up to this
time  remained near the army, conveyed in  an ambulance.   The men brought to this hospital yvere mostly yvounded by the
explosion of shells.  Several primary amputations were performed under the use  of a mixture of equal parts of chloroform and
sulphuric ether.  No  deaths occurred.   These wounded were afterwards  conveyed in  ambulances  to Bristoe Station, from
whence they were  transported by rail to Washington.
      The troops continued to fall back, and, on the 27th, reached New Baltimore.  On the 28th, General  Ricketts's division
was ordered to hold Thoroughfare Gap; the  order was given while on the march  towards Fairfax Court-house.  The division
diverged  from the road to the  left on the double quick, but reached the Gap too  late to  prevent the corps of the rebel General
Longstreet from passing through.  General  Ricketts, however, formed his  troops in line of battle, and opened  a fire upon the
advancing enemy, which held them in check  about three  hours.  He was then obliged to retire from  his position, having been
flanked on the right and left.  I took possession of a large farm-house for a hospital, about a mile in the  rear of our lines, and
fifty wounded men of  the command were brought hither in ambulances.  The strength of the command at this time yvas about
seven thousand men.  During the retreat from Cedar  Mountain, I kept with me a good supply of medicines, hospital stores,
ambulances, etc., and, by the aid of the medical officers of the division, yvas always prepared to attend to the wants of the sick
and wounded.  The wounds received in the  action at Thoroughfare Gap were produced by conoidal balls, and amputation was
necessary in all cases where bones were implicated.   The same preparation of ether and chloroform yvas used  as at hospital near
Rappahannock Station, with good  results.  After the  action, the  yvounded were placed in ambulances  under the charge of
Brigade Surgeon J. T. Heard, with directions to proceed with them to Manassas  Junction for the purpose of sending them to
Washington by railroad.
      The division arrived at Gainesville at eleven o'clock on the night of the 28th, and rested on their arms until daylight 
124
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—SECOND  BULL  RUN.
We were, at this  time, surrounded on all sides by rebel troops, except in  the direction of Bristoe  Station, to which place w
retired on the morning of the 29th.  The men were much fatigued, and suffered for yvant of food, but were abundantly- supplied
with rations on arriving at Bristoe Station.  About  ten  o'clock  the same morning, yve marched toward  Centreville and
participated in the engagement of the second  battle of Bull  Run on the following day.   General Ricketts'- division occupied a
position on  the  right in the early part of the engagement.   At about  four o'clock in the afternoon,  yve were moved to the left
where  yve yvere actively engaged  until  dark.   I fixed upon a spot for hospital purposes about a mile and a half in the rear
of the battle-field, near the Stone House.  This  location came within the  range of the artillery of the enemy, and a removal
of the hospital to  another site became necessary.  I took the feyv yvounded who had arrived in an ambulance  to a spot about a
mile and a half to the right of the battle-field, near a small stream of water.  At this point, I met Beveral medical officers  amon_
whom was Surgeon McParlin, medical director of the army, who informed me that the wounded Avere all to be  sent to the depot
hospital in  the vicinity of Bull Run creek.  At  his request, I  proceeded thither for the purpose of assisting in  dressing the
wounded.  I was engaged at the hospital over Saturday night and during Sunday, at Avhich time the wounded were removed.
This hospital yvas furnished with  abundant supplies of hospital  stores, food, hospital  tents, etc.  Much difficulty occurred for
want of laborers, and but few tents yvere pitched.   Many of the wounded were obliged to lay on the ground, exposed to a cold
rain yvhich fell on  Saturday night and Sunday.   I found here Doctor Heard, who had left Gainesville with yvounded in ambulances
on the 28th. He had been unable to reach Manassas.  The wounded had been faithfully cared for by him, notwithstanding they
had been on the road for three days and a half.   It is impossible for me to give a correct statement of  the character  and duration
of fire  to which the men who were brought to this hospital had been exposed.  Primary amputations were performed. >o
deaths  from chloroform occurred.
      I rejoined the division on the 1st of September, near  Fairfax Court-house, on the Aldie road, where it was engaged with
the enemy.   I  established a field hospital under a large willow tree, near a  spring of water, at the junction of the Little River
and Warrenton turnpikes, and directed the yvounded to be  brought to  this place.   I was soon, however, obliged to remove my
hospital to a church building near Fairfax Court-house, oyving to the precipitate retreat of the army.  During the entire night,
I was engaged  in dressing the wounded.  The men yvere mostly wounded  in the upper extremity and head,  and came to the
hospital on  foot.  They yvere sent on foot to the rear, after their yvounds had been dressed.
      On the 3d of  September, the troops went into camp at Hall's hill, near Washington, where they remained  until the 6th.
From the 9th of August until  the 3d of September, the division Avas  almost continually on the  march and under fire.   They
were much exhausted, and someAvhat demoralized.  I Avas taken  sick on the 3d of September, and had every symptom of
pneumonia.  I had so far recovered, hoyvever, as to resume  the march on Saturday, the 6th, when we  left Hall's  hill, crossing
the Potomac, over Aqueduct bridge, passing through Washington at 11 o'clock that night.   On Sunday, the 7th, the troops went
into camp near Leesboro', tyvelve miles north of Washington, where they remained until  night. I was again taken sick on
the 7th, and, not being able to resume the march, I was sent to Washington in an ambulance.  I continued sick  until the 22d
of October, at which time I rejoined the division of General Ricketts, then encamped near Sharpsburg, Maryland.  The troops
at this  time yvere much exhausted from long marches and the fatigues of the recent battles in which they had  been engaged in
Maryland.  I  remained with the command until the 25th of October, when  I  was ordered to report to Medical Director J. J.
Milhau, at  Frederick, Maryland, as acting medical inspector.  While on  this  duty,  I inspected the  hospitals at Frederick,
MiddletoAvn, Boonsboro', Smoketown, Locust Springs, Sharpsburg, Williamsport, Hagerstown, Berlin and Harper's Ferry.
Tents were chiefly used for hospital purposes at these places.  The hospitals at Frederick, Smoketown and  Locust Springs
were admirably arranged for the accommodation of the sick and wounded."      *       *     *
XCIX.   Extract from a Report to the Surgeon General.   By Assistant Surgeon Wm. P. Grier,
      U. S. Army.
      *  *  *  "After  the  battle of Cedar Mountain, the wounded were carried from the field to the town of Culpepper in
ambulances, a  distance of six miles.  They were placed in various buildings, which had been taken for temporary hospitals.
The battle was fought on  Saturday, August 9th, and by Monday night, the 11th, all the wounded had  been removed to these
hospitals.  The general hospitals to Avhich they were conveyed from Culpepper were the Marshall House and Mansion House
in Alexandria.  They yvere carried on freight cars, the  floors being covered with straw.   The first train left Culpepper early
Tuesday morning, August 12th, carrying four hundred and eighty wounded, and, it is yvorthy of notice, that there were among
them some  twenty-five or  thirty recent amputations of legs, thighs and arms, all performed the evening previous, that yvere
carried  seventy miles, over a very rough and neyvly laid road, without  any serious accident.  The anaesthetic employed at
Culpepper was chloroform ; that which I have used in the general hospitals to Avhich I have been attached has been a mixture
of ether and chloroform.   I have never observed deaths from  either of the above."      *      *      *
C.   Report, with regard to the Removal of the  Wounded, after the Second Battle of Manassat.
     By Medical Inspector R. H. Coolidge, U. S. Army.
                                                                          Washington, D. C, September 11,1862.
      General: In obedience to your orders, I left this city at midnight, August 30,  1862, and proceeded as rapidly as
possible to Centreville, Virginia, where, at six a. m., on Sunday, August 31st, I reported in person to Major General  Pope, to
Avhom I exhibited my instructions.  Acquainting myself as rapidly as possible with the situation of affairs, I decided upon the
following course:  First, to remove the wounded from  the hospitals at Bull Run, in advance of Centreville, and to transfer the
whole establishment, surgeons, nurses, cooks, cooking apparatus and  medical  supplies, to Fairfax Station, where there were
subsistence stores, and where  the wounded could receive food  and medical attendance before being transferred  to the railroad 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  INSPECTOR  COOLIDGE.
125
cars to be foryvarded to this city.  Medical Inspector Edyvard P. Vollum, who superintended the transfer, reports that  it was
safely accomplished, and that the number removed was  about  twelve  hundred.  Finding it impossible, on account of the
presence of the enemy, to remove our yvounded from Manassas Junction and Bristoe Station, I commenced emptying the over-
crowded hospitals at Centreville, and placed the first train of ambulances in charge of Assistant Surgeon J. Cooper McKee,
with orders to remain at Fairfax Station, to superintend the transfer of wounded from the ambulances to the  cars, and to send
back to me all ambulances as rapidly as possible.  After giving these orders and seeing that they Avere being executed, I Avent
to Major General Pope and stated that I had been  informed that  a large  number of our wounded yvere still lying on the battle-
field, and requested that he yvould apply for a flag of truce, that  they might be removed.   The General made the application
immediately.  The  reply  granting  the flag  Avas communicated  to Medical  Director  McParlin, Sunday  evening, too late to
proceed that  night.  I, however, ordered Medical Director McParlin to  have his trains of ambulances ready, and to procure
from regiments, brigades and divisions the necessary detail of surgeons and assistants, the whole to move at six o'clock on
Monday morning.  I  also directed Surgeon  Page and most of the medical officers sent by you from this city to accompany
Surgeon McParlin.  The train of thirty-seven wagons, containing medical and hospital supplies dispatched by you on Saturday
night in charge of Assistant  Surgeon Webster, arrived  at a  late hour  on Sunday night.   These wagons  were unloaded at
Centreville, and sent  to the battle-field yvith Surgeon McParlin, who took such of the supplies as he thought would be required,
and also his hospital supply yvagon.  It is to be remarked here that I had been officially informed that the  army yvould remain
at Centreville;  that I had no  definite knowledge of the number of our wounded on the  field, or their precise  situation,  and
intended keeping the trains moving as rapidly as possible between the battle-field and Centreville, expecting, in two  days, to
complete their removal.
      Of all the trains of ambulances sent to Fairfax Station on Sunday, but one returned, and that was sent to the battle-field.
On  Monday, judging from the movements around me that the army Avould fall back, I applied  to Colonel Ruggles, Assistant
Adjutant General and Chief of Staff, yvho informed me that  while he thought the army Avould fall back,  it was not yet so
decided.  I  then asked that I might  be informed as soon as the decision  yvas made.   Early Monday evening, I think
about seA*en o'clock, I went  to  Major General Pope, stated my impressions  from what I heard and saw, that the army Avas
retiring, referred to the nature of  my  orders from you,  and asked  Avhether  I  should accompany  him,  or remain yvith the
wounded, and send his medical director, Surgeon McParlin, to him.  The General decided I should send Medical Director Mc-
Parlin to him, and remain myself  with the yvounded.  The General also stated to me that he had no intention of leaving this
place (Centreville); that the old Braddock road to Fairfax Station yvas open, and that my ambulances should be sent that way.
During both  Sunday and Monday, I had made repeated efforts to  procure subsistence stores.  So far as I could ascertain, there
were none at Centreville.  Colonel  E. G. Beckyvith, chief  commissary, gave me an order on  auy commissary I could find for
one beef, AA'hich I procured on  Monday morning.  1 also obtained some  coffee, sugar, candles and hard bread.   On  Monday
night, when the wagons were passing through Centreville,  Commissary Smith left with me a feAV subsistence stores.  The first
train of ambulances arrived in Centreville from the battle-field on Monday evening.  The wounded were  fed with soup, coffee
and hard bread, furnished with blankets, and foryvarded at daybreak, Tuesday morning, by the Braddock road.  During the
night, all our troops  left Centreville, and, on Tuesday morning, the place was  occupied by the enemy.  I had not deemed it
proper either to send back my hospital supplies or to destroy them, trusting that our wounded would have some benefit from them,
even after they had passed from my control.   The result did not  disappoint my expectations.  Of the four thousand  blankets
you sent to me, tyvo thousand at least yvere used for our wounded, and the requisitions of the medical officers at Centreville for
medical and hospital stores for immediate use, including concentrated  beef essence, mutton  broth, extract  of coffee, sugar  and
milk, milk in cans, crackers, brandy, yvhiskey, wine and tea, were promptly complied Avith.  On Tuesday morning, after the
occupation of Centreville by the rebel troops, I received from Medical Director McParlin a requisition for subsistence for one
thousand five hundred men, and a note describing tbe destitute condition of our wounded on  the  field.   This was  the  first
information I had received concerning the situation of our  wounded beyond Centreville. Their number was much greater than
I had been led  to believe, and the situation far more critical.  The hospital stores at Centreville Avere not more than enough for
the wounded there, and I had no means of sending anything to the battle-field.  I stated the  emergency to  Major Talcot  and
Captain Johnson, officers of  the engineer corps of the Confederate army, who had arrived in Centreville, and suggested, if not
improper, that  I might accompany them to General Lee's  headquarters, in the hope  of obtaining permission to pass through
his  lines to our oyvn  and return with ambulances and provisions.  Those officers assented readily to my proposition,  and I
accompanied them to  the headquarters of their army.  I did not speak with General Lee, nor do I know in what words Major
Talcot communicated to him the object of my visit.  The reply brought to  me was  that General Lee had communicated with
Major General Pope, and that  our  ambulances would be  allowed to pass.  I was also informed that one  hundred and  fifty
ambulances had  passed through their  lines that  day.  With this information, I returned to  Centreville, expecting to  find
ambulances,  but found only one, the driver of which said he had started with a large train, but did not know  where the rest had
gone.  I now endeavored to hire a wagon to convey a few  stores  to the field,  and intended to go there myself, but before I could
get a wagon, Medical Director McParlin came to Centreville, in obedience to  my order for him to report to Major General Pope.
The conduct of affairs on the field had been entrusted to Surgeon Charles Page.  Medical Director McParlin was accompanied
by Medical Director L. Guild, of the army of northern Virginia.  The accounts  given by  these officers of the situation of our
wounded were  distressing.  I stated to them what  I had done.   On consultation, it yvas determined that I should address a
letter to the commander of the  Confederate army, stating the situation, and asking  that both subsistence and ambulances be
allowed to pass to us.  Medical Director Guild also wrote  to his  commanding  general, and the  two  letters  were sent forward
that night by a special courier.  The reply received by Medical Director Guild on Wednesday morning, yvritten  by Colonel K.
H. Chilton, Assistant Adjutant General, C. S. A., was'indefinite as to my main inquiry concerning provisions being allowed  to
pass, but it directed Medical Director Guild to furnish subsistence for our wounded as far as possible, and gave the route for our
ambulances to take, in going out,  viz.:  by Centreville, the main  road to Fairfax Court-house and Alexandria.  After reading
Colonel Chilton's communication, I addressed a letter to  you, which was forwarded by Medical Director Guild.   Believing that 
 12G                         APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—SECOND  BULL  RUN.

 I had done all  in  my  poyver to procure  subsistence,  I proceeded, in  company yvith Medical Director McParlin (it bein
 impracticable for him to join Major General Pope) and Medical Director Guild, to the central depot of our wounded on the battle-
 field, where I found tyvo ambulances, which I sent to Centreville for hospital stores and blankets, and then rode over the entire
 field, to ascertain the situation and condition of our wounded.   At this time, Wednesday afternoon,  September 3d, they had be
 collected in field hospitals, most of them in and around houses, but some merely in groups at selected sites on the field  yvithout
 other shelter than blankets.   Only tyvo of these hospitals yvere without medical officers; they had been visited by the surgeon of
 the central station, and had a few nurses.   There were  about  thirty yvounded in each.   After my arrival on the field, only four
 of our Avounded were found completely isolated and without attendance.  None had been  absolutely Avithout food,  though the
 amount Avas extremely limited.  Those who had been collected in the vicinity of houses had found provisions  on  yvhich thev
 had subsisted.  In some instances, the surgeons had succeeded in procuring a sheep or a  pig and  some  corn-meal  and in one
 place, the Van Pelt house, the surgeons found coffee, sugar, cider, wine,  and were able to  procure meat.   Although doubtful of
 the propriety of so doing, I accepted the invitation to pass the night with Medical Director Guild at his camp on the battle-field
 The result yvas, as I had hoped, beneficial to my wounded.   It  enabled me to have two ambulances, which had returned empty
 from Centreville, filled yvith hospital stores and blankets from the supplies that had been conveyed from Centreville to the camp
 of Medical Director  Guild, and, during our ride over the field, three small beeves were purchased by that officer  and ordered to
 be delivered to me the next morning.   On Thursday morning, the first train of ambulances from this  city arrived on the field
 with fresh bread and an abundant and varied supply of food and hospital stores.  I instantly dispatched the ambulances with
 provisions, in  every  direction over the field, to bring to the central station all who were without some shelter.   A few ambulances
 were employed in conveying stores and food to  the several field depots, and fresh beef was sent to Centreville.  From that
 moment, trains of ambulances, each yvith food and stores, arrived in  rapid  succession.   The supply was  superabundant.  The
 bread which otheryvise would have spoiled, and one of the beeves which I did not need, and which  I could not feed, yvere given
 to the 139th Pennsylvania Volunteers, which had come to bury our dead, and had failed to bring rations. My great difficulty
 now was to feed the  wounded  yvith  the abundant stores  at my command.  All my nurses and  attendants were exhausted by
 their labors.   They could hardly be urged to the necessary effort.  Nevertheless, with the  aid of some self-denying and noble
 hearted citizens, volunteer nurses, yvho remained to the last, and by the indefatigable industry and attention of the medical staff
 I believe  no one suffered for  water,  for food or for medical attendance.   Each  train of ambulances was  supplied with an
 abundance of  mutton broth,  extracts of beef and of coffee,  canned milk, bread and yvater for the  journey.   All the yvounded
 yvere fed just before  starting, and directions given to feed them on the road, the train to be  halted, so that water could be boiled
 yvherewith to make soup and coffee from the prepared essences and extracts.  One soldier,  whom it yvas impossible otherwise to
 move, was brought to this city under the influence of chloroform administered on the road by Assistant Surgeon Clarke, U. S. V.
 The removal of our Avounded  from the battle-field was completed Tuesday afternoon, the 9th instant,  and the last trains of
 ambulances arrived at Fairfax Seminary hospital early  Wednesday morning.
       In  conclusion, I submit the folloAving remarks:   If I had been informed that Centreville was to be  evacuated  by our
 forces, I Avould have had the little subsistence remaining in that place conveyed to the field before the  army retired.  The large
 supply of blankets and  hospital stores sent by you from this city on Saturday evening, August'30th, saved the lives of hundreds
 of our Avounded; indeed, without these supplies many must have died from exposure and starvation on Monday, Tuesday and
 Wednesday,  September  1st, 2d  and  3d.  As it  Avas, I believe the number of deaths, fairly attributable to want of food and
 exposure, is very small  indeed.  My retaining the medical and hospital stores and allowing them to  fall  into the hands of the
 enemy was Avell for  our Avounded, Avho received  all the stores that the medical officers applied for, as  necessary for  immediate
 use, and nearly, if not quite, half of the blankets.   The medical officers  applied themselves to their duties with an energy and
 devotedness worthy  of all praise, and it was only when completely  exhausted that they ceased from their fatiguing labors.
 The corps of  citizen surgeons, under Dr. Detmold, rendered efficient service for two days, when they were no  longer needed,
 the greater portion of the Avounded having been removed. I must bear testimony to the  heroic fortitude of our yvounded soldiers.
 All appreciated the difficulties of their situation, and  uncomplainingly awaited that relief which they were confident their govern-
 ment yvould provide.  The relief came at the moment when hope had almost deserted them.  The unexpended  hospital stores
 were brought  back  to  this city, as was also a large portion of the commissary stores.  A quantity of  subsistence stores, for
 which I had no transportation, Avas distributed among the citizens whose premises had been occupied by our yvounded.  Our
 Avounded Avere collected in tAventy-one field hospitals, within an area ten miles  long  by seven wide.   It  Avas impossible to
 ascertain,  yvith precision, the number of yvounded; but, from the data in my possession, I estimate it to be four thousand.  I
 cannot close this report yvithout commenting on the  conduct of the ambulance drivers.   It Avas with the greatest difficulty that I
 could put  a reasonable limit to their stealing from my commissary and hospital stores.   Some would appropriate, to their oyvn
 use, hospital blankets, and be highly insolent yvhen they were taken away for  the Avounded.  Very few would assist in placing
the Avounded in their ambulances; still fewer could be induced to  assist in feeding them  or  giving them water.  Some were
 drunk; many were insubordinate; others yvhen detected  with provisions or stores would not surrender them until compelled to
by physical force.   The practice of loading ambulances yvith forage, camp-kettles, personal  baggage and subsistence for the
 drivers needs  a corrective.   These things occupy space required for the wounded and  greatly interfere with their comfort.
A wagon yvith stores and forage should accompany every train of fifty ambulances, and nothing  but sick and wounded men and
water should be put in the vehicles  themselves.   The service greatly needs a well organized ambulance  corps, and I hope the
 Secretary of War yvill adopt the organization you have recommended.
                                                  Your obedient servant,
                                                                              RICHARD  H. COOLIDGE,
                                                                                           Medical Inspector U.  S. A.
      To  the Surgeon General of the Army. 
REPORTS OF  SURGEONS WOODWARD,  FOYE,  AND  REILY.
127
CI.   Memorandum with regard to  the Removal of the  Wounded after  the Second Battle of
     Manassas.   By Assistant Surgeon J.  J. Woodward, U. S.  Army.
      " On the afternoon of Thursday, September 4, 1862, I was requested by the  Surgeon  General to collect and take charge
of such hacks, omnibuses and other vehicles  as could be collected in the  city of Washington, and to proceed yvith  them to
Centreville for the  relief of the Avounded.  The vehicles  having  been  collected by a company of cavalry, a few army yvagons
loaded with cooked provisions and other supplies yvere added, and Ave set out about eleven  o'clock, Thursday night, the train
consisting of about one  hundred hacks, forty omnibuses, Avagons and other vehicles, and half a dozen army Avagons.  We
arrived at Centreville about noon next day, and, having been permitted to pass by the Confederate officer in command, reached
the orchard yvhere most of the yvounded were congregated the same afternoon.  During the following day, the train was loaded
yvith yvounded, some six  or seven hundred in number, and reached Washington with them about daybreak, Sunday morning."
 CII.   Second Extract from a Narrative  of his Services in  the  Medical  Staff.   By  Snrgeon
      John  W.  Foye, U. S. Volunteers.

      *  *  *  " On the 23d of August, our division  disembarked at Alexandria, on its yvay to reinforce General  Pope, and,
 on the evening of the 25th, proceeded by rail to Warrenton Junction, reaching that point at two o'clock a. m., August 26th.
 Our trains and horses yvere en route by transports from the Peninsula;  hence, our camp equipage, which accompanied us  by
 rail to the junction, yvas discharged there, and, tAvo days later, destroyed by order. The execution of this order involved the
 loss of all our hospital property, including books, records, etc., from the formation of the regiment to date.  The same day, I
 received orders from the surgeon in chief of the division to proceed with dispatch to Alexandria, there to procure  supplies, a
 battle being imminent.  I boarded the  train at five P. M., and proceeded as far as Bristoe Station, at which point it received
 the fire of tyvo companies of Stuart's cavalry, deployed as skirmishers, and five regiments of Louisiana infantry, in line of battle.
 The train, which consisted of ordinary freight cars, was thrown from the track while at full speed, and, during the  night, was
 destroyed by its captors.  In addition to the engineer, fireman  and brakesman, the train carried seven passengers,  five of whom
 were killed by the enemy's fire; at least I Avas so informed by the commandant of the attacking party on the folloyving morning.
      Wednesday, August 27th, at about eight a. m., a company of the 12th Pennsylvania Cavalry, who had been absent two days
 on a scout, were returning to their encampment near  Bristoe, and  unaware of the changes which had occurred  during their
 absence, they  obtained a dangerous proximity to the enemy before discovering his presence.  They then formed, but receiving
 the fire from a section of field artillery at five hundred yards, became disorganized, and were immediately attacked and routed.
 I asked for and obtained permission from  Major Wheat, provost marshal of Jackson's command, to attend the wounded
 captured  in this  affair, but the want of appliances limited  my treatment.   In  the  fight which followed that  day at  Bristoe
 Station, the number of Union prisoners  was augmented, although the Confederate troops yvere  being gradually forced back
 toward Manassas.  Such of them as were Avounded were turned over to my care; but at sunset, unable longer to hold the
 field, they paroled  the  wounded, taking the officers and uninjured to Manassas.   At five A. m., August 28th, the prisoners
 followed the main body  of Jackson's  command towards Centreville, crossing Bull Run at Blackurn's Ford, and going across
 the country by a circuitous route to Sudley church, which they reached  at about five o'clock p. M.' The privates were then
 paroled, but the officers were all retained. About sunset, a brisk skirmish occurred on the western edge of the Bull Run field
 in which some  thirty Confederates were yvounded.  The church  was immediately fitted up by order of Surgeon McGuire,
 medical director of Jackson's command, and I obtained permission of him to attend  the yvounded of my own army, should
 any be brought in.  On the folloyving  morning, the second battle of Manassas commenced, and a second time I sayv the church
 filled with wounded.  At ten a. m., the enemy having  been steadily forced back towards the church, it became untenable, the
 wounded were hastily removed across  the ford, and the enemy's wagons, thirty in number, were started in the direction of Aldie
 at a rapid rate.  The prisoners, myself included, followed the  train under a strong guard, reaching Aldie at four P. m.  Here
 we remained until Sunday, the 31st, yvhen we were again brought back to Sudley's  Ford.  We here made application to go on
 the field,  under a guard, and  bury our dead, which was refused.  We remained at the ford during Monday, September 1st.
 The same day, we Avere joined by thirty officers and twelve hundred and fifty privates, captured during the fight and the day
 following.   The privates Avere all paroled, the officers taken  to Richmond,  starting at daybreak, September 2d.  The night
 before, I obtained my release, and accompanied the  paroled men to Saltillo farm, near the scene of the Chantilly battle.  The
 men were here ordered back to Centreville, and I was allowed to go to Chantilly, to look after our yvounded there. Assisted
 by tbe Surgeon of the Brooklyn Zouaves, the wants  of the wounded were attended  to, food given them, and their wounds
 dressed.  I obtained a pass from Fitzhugh Lee, and started for Washington  by the way of Fairfax. September 3d, I reported
 in person at the Surgeon General's Office, and learned that a train of ambulances, under the  direction of Assistant Surgeon
 Byrne, U. S. A., was then fitting for the battle-field.
      On the following day, I reported to my regiment, near Alexandria, and learned  its loss in the three battles, viz.,  Bristoe
 Station, August 27th, Manassas, August 29th, and Chantilly, September 1st, to be thirteen killed and about seventy wounded,
 including, in the former number,  three officers.  The strength  of the command, on the first day's fight,  was about  five hundred
 and fifty."      *      *       *_________________

 CIII.   Third  Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the  Medical Staff.   By Assistant
     Surgeon John T. Relly, U. S. Army.
      *   *  *  "On the 30th of August, 1862, the command was ordered to move  up the road towards Centreville, and
marched five  miles, when it went into  camp and  remained until eight  o'clock on the next  morning, when the  march yvas
continued till we arrived at Centreville, about four p. M.   The battle of Bull Run, which had commenced the  day previous, was 
128
APPENDED DOCUMENTS--SECOND  BULL  RUN.
going on at that time, and artillery firing had been heard by us yvhile on the march.  During the day, Ave met many stragglers
the number increasing as Ave approached  Centreville.  Having halted a short time, the command Avas ordered to move in the
direction of Bull Run, and  advanced about two miles to Cub Run, a very difficult stream  for the passage of artillery under
ordinary circumstances ;  but yvhen the road was filled yvith straggling fugitives yvho were moving to the rear as fast as possible
it yvas almost impracticable.  A  considerable time yvas consequently occupied in  getting the guns in position on the opposite
side of the stream, yvhere it  was expected  they would be used, supported by the infantry of the division which had crossed to
the left of the battery, to cover the retreat  of the army then coming in in great disorder.   The condition of the retreating troops
yvas such, hoyvever, as to prevent using the guns without firing upon them.  As soon as the disorganized mass of men had passed
the regular infantry, under General Sykes,  came in, covering the retreat, and the command was immediately  ordered to fall back
to Centreville, where it arrived about nine  P. M., taking position on the hill to the left of the town.  So much disorder prevailed
among the troops which  had been engaged that no effort was made to remove the yvounded from the field until the following
day,  when  Medical  Inspector Coolidge, detailed surgeons and assistants, with  hospital supplies, to visit and relieve the  sick
and  wounded Avho were  left  behind.  About seven o'clock, on the same day, the command was  ordered to move toward
Fairfax Court-house, and reached that place  before daylight next morning; the troops yvere greatly fatigued.  The line of
march Avas  resumed  next morning, and the command reached Alexandria at night, camping in the same position it had occupied
three days previous.  The health of the troops did not seem to be affected by the rapid march they had made."   *   *   *
CIV.   Third Extract from  a Personal  Contribution to  the Medical and Surgical History of
      the Rebellion.   By Assistant Surgeon  A. A. "Woodhull, U. S. Army.
      *  *  *  "Falmouth, Virginia, was reached August 21st by the battalion with which I was serving, and, after a very
fatiguing march, we attained Manassas Junction on the 23d.   It was engaged on the 30th.  Its discipline was conspicuous; its
strength was three hundred and ten.   Two positions were occupied: one in the centre, where a few were lost, and afterwards
on the left of the new line, checking the rebels in their flank movements.  The very severely wounded were left on the  field.
But one or two litters were with the battalion, and they were ineffective.  The chief loss was  from musketry at short range.
Many of the wounded  yvere removed to Centreville, but sufficient  supplies were long in reaching those abandoned.  The
casualties of the battalion were eighty-five, being twenty-seven per centum of the strength.  The next day but  one, the 6th
Infantry fell under my care, and remained so until November.  There were no ambulances with the division from the evacuation
of the Peninsula until we entered Maryland.                                      _,
CV.    Second Extract from a  Narrative of his Services.   By Assistant Surgeon J. Theodore
      Calhoun, U.  S. Army.
      *  *  *  "Embarking at Yorktown on transports, my regiment, the 5th Excelsior, yvas transferred to Alexandria, and
marched to the outskirts of the city on the Fairfax pike. Remaining there but one day, we were hurriedly put on cars at night-
fall, and, in the middle of the night, were disembarked at Warrenton Junction.  *  *  Remaining one day at the Junction, on
the 27th of August, we  learned that the enemy were in our rear, and accordingly took up the line of march, on the Orange and
Alexandria railroad, toyvard Manassas, leaving our baggage unpacked.  Driving a line of the enemy's skirmishers before us,
we advanced through Catlett's and across Kettle Run, to find the enemy strongly posted about a half a mile from Bristoe Station.
The battle which ensued yvas short, but severe.  Our loss was very large;  and, though the action lasted less than half an hour,
my oyvn regiment lost a third of its men,  killed and wounded, and eight out of thirteen of its officers.  *  *  I dispatched the
wounded to the rear as fast as possible, and, after the  action, repaired to the hospital, about one-fourth of a mile distant, and
aided  in performing the necessary operations.  Two days subsequently, our division engaged the enemy at Bull Run for two
successive days, my own regiment losing nearly half of its men, killed or wounded.   The hospital was situated on the banks
of one of the  little  tributaries of Bull Run, and, subsequently, on the banks of the Run itself.  As most of the men of my
regiment were lost in the first day's fighting, the wounded, except a few left in the hands of the enemy, were properly attended
to and sent to the rear before the retreat to Centreville heights.   At the battle of Chantilly, yvhich took place  in a drenching
rain a few  days afterwards, I was present with my regiment, which suffered no casualties.
      The division moved from Chantilly, via Fairfax Court-house, Fairfax Station and Pohick church, to Alexandria, and,
being  reduced to a mere skeleton, went into camp near Fort Lyons to recruit and reorganize.
      At the battles of Bristoe, Bull Run and Chantilly, I had, besides my  own regiment, charge of the 1st Excelsior regiment,
which  was without a medical officer, and,  at Alexandria, I, for a long time, had charge of three, and, at  one time, of four
regiments, owing to the absence of their medical officers."      *      *       *
CVI.   Third Extract from  Memoranda for the  Surgical History of the  War.   By Assistant
      Surgeon B. Howard, U. S. Army.
      *  *  *  " On the evening of the 30th of August, 1862, the army had retreated from the field, the headquarter, of the
general commanding  being at Centreville.  No field  hospitals were established in the town, but all available houses and the
churches yvere filled with wounded.  The  supplies here seemed adequate to  the immediate necessities of those in the town.
The great majority of the  wounded, however, were left on  the field in the vicinity of Bull Run.  Early on the morning of
September 1st, Surgeon McParlin, U. S. A., medical director, proceeded to the field, under a flag of truce, with a large number
of surgeons detailed for the purpose, and all the ambulances which were available.   A peach orchard, on the right of Warrenton
turnpike, about a quarter  of a mile north of the  Orange and  Alexandria railroad, was  made the rendezvous whither the 
REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS SMITH AND  LEE.
129
surgeons were directed to bring the wounded.  Many surgeons, hoAvever, in charge of ambulance trains, proceeded to Centreville
as soon as their ambulances Avere loaded; this caused a scarcity of ambulances and of surgeons, so much so  that it was Avith
very great difficulty that those detailed as operators could get necessary assistants, and they had to rely mainly upon unpro-
fessional persons for help in the most difficult cases.  The battle commenced on the 28th, and continued until the evening of the
30th.  All the wounded yvere not brought in until the 6th of September.  Some of them stated that they had received no food,
drink or assistance from  the time they fell until brought off by the ambulances, giving a mean of four and a half days without
food.  Some shared the meagre fare of straggling rebels.  On the evening of Tuesday, the 2d, there arose very heavy thunder
storms, yvhich yvere repeated the next tyvo  days, drenching the wounded.  Of those brought to the peach orchard, with few
exceptions, all yvere submitted  to the necessary  operations before further removal.  The hot sun and  drenching  showers
alternated to the great discomfort of the patients, but the most painful consideration yvas hoyv to appease their hunger and save
them and ourselves from starvation.   Supplies had been forbidden to come with the flag of truce, and those which were being
sent in abundance from Washington yvere  secured by the enemy  for their own wounded.   On  September 3d, there were
about  three thousand wounded on the field, but still  no food; everybody  suffered from hunger; and,  although constantly
operating, I had only a  little  tea, brandy and sugar.   *  *  Shortly after, a train of ambulances arrived.   Supplies of every
sort now abounded, and  all the remaining Avounded yvere conveyed in ambulances to Washington on Saturday and Monday, the
6th and 8th.  Both  amputations  and resections yvere performed on the field; the former, both  circular and flap; and, among
other operations, amputations of the knee joint yvith and yvithout inclusion of the patella."      *     *       *
 CVIL   Second Extract from  a Narrative of his Services in the  Medical  Staff.   By Assistant
      Surgeon A.  H. Smith, U.  S. Army.

      *  *  *  "We reached the battle-field of Cedar Mountain on the 9th of August, after the  firing had ceased.   I spent
 the following night in assisting in the attendance upon the wounded of  Banks's Corps, who were at a house near where our
 regiment lay.  I extracted a considerable number of balls, nearly all of which were  round.   I think none of the wounded
 suffered from lack of attention or of proper appliances for their relief.  I yvitnessed the  artillery fight at Rappahannock bridge,
 but none of the wounded came under  my  observation.   During the severe  fighting on the 30th of August,  our brigade
 (Towers's, of General Ricketts's division) yvas on the  left of the line.  Early in the  engagement, I was separated from the
 command by large masses of troops,  which intervened  yvhile I stopped to attend  those who fell before the regiment got  into
 position. In a few moments,  the enemy had gained a position in the rear of our left, and were sweeping the ground yvith shell
 and round shot.   From the position I occupied, I could distinguish our brigade by its  flag, surrounded by tbe enemy on three
 sides, and receiving a heavy fire at a  distance of seventy-five or a hundred yards.  Finding I could render no assistance to the
 wounded where  I yvas, with any safety to them or to myself, I set out for the general depot for the yvounded,  about half a mile
 to the rear.  Just as I reached  it, the last of the yvounded Avere  being removed, the  enemy's  shells tearing up the earth in
 every direction around the tents.  The left wing was, by this time, in full retreat, and I was carried along Avith it over Bull Run.
 The first house on the left of the Centreville turnpike Avas filled with yvounded, and from tyventy-five to  thirty were lying in
 the yard.  Here I passed the night, extracting balls, applying yvater dressings and distributing morphine.  Towards morning,
 a cold rain set in, but there was, fortunately, a quantity of loose boards at hand, with which shelters were contrived, affording
 partial protection to the wounded.  *  *   On Monday morning, I yvent from Centreville to the field yvith the flag of truce.  It
 was supposed, when we left Centreville, that all the wounded would be removed that day.   The ambulances, said to be tAvo
 hundred in number, remained, hoAvever, until nearly night, when they were loaded and sent away, taking but a portion of the
 wounded.  Nothing  more was seen  of them until Thursday morning.  On that portion of the field where our  brigade yvas
 engaged, I found from sixty to seventy of its wounded.  During the first day, assisted by Dr. Shackelford, of the 94th New York
 Volunteers, I succeeded in getting many of the yvounded on that  portion of the field collected into groups, and a part of them
 removed to the  shade of  a neighboring yvood.   Before  night, nearly every one of the  ninety soldiers yvho  had been brought
 with the train to assist in  removing the yvounded had  deserted.  It yvas said that they went to  Gainesville and were  paroled.
 Dr. Shackelford  and I were the only unwounded persons on that part of the  field. It rained heavily just at dark, and the
 rain yvas followed by a cold yvind.  We passed the greater part of the night in  carrying rails to build fires, and in distributing
 soup, brandy and morphine.   The sufferers were cheered with the assurance that the ambulances would return in the morning.
 In this hope, we were disappointed, and all suffered from hunger, after the handful of bread brought yvith us yvas exhausted-
 There was then nothing to  eat but  concentrated beef essence,  which yvas so flavored that the  enfeebled stomachs  of the
 wounded rebelled against it, even when greatly diluted.  I  was enabled to  obtain a small  quantity of stimulants, scarcely
 enough to give a taste to each one who required it.   There was, however,  an ample supply of tea,  and a camp-kettle found on
 the field supplied us with the means of  preparing it.  A feyv blankets  had been brought with the  ambulances, but they were
 immediately distributed to the wounded near the centre of the field, and we were unable to procure any for the  more distant
 point at which we were occupied.  The  nights were cold, and, but for the fires kept continually burning, the  wounded must
 have suffered greatly. *   *   Between Monday morning and Thursday night,  numerous amputations were  performed at the
 central depot by  the surgeons detailed for that purpose.   I amputated a thigh on Monday, expecting that the patient would be
 sent to Washington the same  day, but, afterwards, in view of the privations which had preceded and  seemed likely to follow,
I refrained from  anything causing a further tax upon the vital  powers of the wounded.  The case in which I operated proved
fatal on Friday.  Of the mortality among those amputated by others, I have no  means of judging.   On Thursday morning, the
ambulances returned, and brought an abundant supply of everything yvhich the occasion demanded.  On Friday, the wounded
were removed from the field.  Of three hundred and thirty men yvho went into action, the 94th Neyv York lost, to the  best of
my knowledge, one hundred and sixty killed and wounded."      *     *       *
        17 
130
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--BATTLE  OF FREDERICKSBURG.
CVIII.   Extract from a Narrative  of his  Services.   By Assistant  Surgeon Charles C.  Lkf:
      U.  S. Army.

      *  *  *  "On entering the army, in the beginning of November, 1862, I Avas ordered by the Surgeon General to report
for duty to the medical director of the army of the Potomac.  By Doctor Letterman, I was assigned to duty at the headquarters
of the army of the Potomac, and remained connected with the medical director's office until the middle of January  18t>3
During this period, no military events of importance occurred, except the transfer of the army from Warrenton to Fredericksburg
by General Burnside, and the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, under the same  commander.
      In this battle, yvhich may be said to have lasted three days, beginning with the bombardment of the toyvn, December 11th
an attempt was unsuccessfully made to dislodge the rebel  army from the heights of Fredericksburg by our right and centre
while our left, under General Franklin, should  penetrate their extreme right, and cut off their retreat.  In the efforts to bridge
the  Rappahannock, on  December 11th, General  Franklin  alone succeeded in laying pontoons.   On the right, the enemy's
sharpshooters, protected by the houses along the bank, kept our engineers at bay, in spite of the continued bombardment of the
town.  On the folloyving day, little or nothing yvas done,  on account of the dense fog that obscured everything.  At daybreak
on December 13th, tyvo  pontoon bridges were laid opposite the toAvn.  Our troops crossed, and met Avith comparatively little
opposition until they attempted to storm the heights.  These attempts Avere continued until  late in the evening, with what
disastrous result is known to all.   Though repulsed from the heights, they held possession of the toyvn, Avhere all the yvounded
from our right and centre yvere  collected in the churches and other temporary hospitals; and in this  condition, constantly
expecting another attack, we remained December 14th and 15th. On the afternoon of the 15th, the medical director transmitted
an order from the commanding general to remove all the yvounded immediately across  the  Rappahannock.  By means of the
ambulances, this was done as rapidly as possible during the same  afternoon and  evening, and the following night the  entire
army recrossed in safety to their former camps.  *  *  The wounded were conveyed to the division hospitals previously organized
by the medical director.  Five series of these, belonging, respectively, to the First, Second, Fifth, Sixth and Ninth Corps, were
soon in operation at convenient points yvithin half a mile or a mile of the river.  Full details of medical officers and attendants
had been appointed, and as every officer kneyv his place and his duties, the Avounded were soon made comfortable.  The supply
of water, soups and food was not only abundant,  but of excellent quality.   *  *   The artillery fire to Avhich the men had been
exposed was mainly shell and canister, but little grape or solid shot being  used.  During a part of the day, the musketry fire
was also very heavy, and most of the wounds thus resulting Avere made by the conoidal bullet.  Both the artillery and musketry
fire were at very short range.  The wounded were kept in the division hospital for nearly two weeks, from the 13th to the
25th of December, when, by order of the commanding general, they were sent to the general hospitals at Washington and at
Point Lookout, Maryland.   The transportation,  Avhich was partly by ambulance, partly by railroad and partly by boat, yvas
tedious and  harassing to the patients,  although they were  made as  comfortable as the  circumstances would permit.  Most of
the operations were primary. As far as I  could learn, they consisted entirely of amputations, exsections and a few cases
of ligation of arteries.  No primary amputations or excisions Avere performed upon the field proper, as the hospital depots in
the toAvn and by the river, in the rear of Franklin's grand division,  Avere both easy of access and sheltered from the enemy's
fire.   In the First Army  Corps, amputations  Avere especially numerous,  over one hundred being reported within the first
forty-eight hours after  the battle.   A larger number of excisions of the elbow and shoulder joints were made than have been
reported from any previous  engagement.  The anaesthetic employed in almost every case was chloroform.  I  neither saw or
heard of any deaths from this agent, although special inquiries  were made upon the subject.  From reports made to the medical
director's office, the approximate number of casualties was estimated at seven thousand eight hundred.  Of these, about five
thousand  three hundred were wounded, and about two thousand five hundred killed.
      About the  middle of January, 1863, I yvas ordered  by  the medical  director to proceed to Aquia Creek, to take charge
of the transportation of the sick, and to build a series of corps hospitals for the army on a  site already selected.  Here only a
few days were given to provide  hospital accommodation for four  thousand five hundred  sick, of whom the army had to be
disencumbered, before  a move  projected by General Burnside could be effected.  The difficulty of transportation, either by
land or yvater, to the hospitals, which yvere two miles from  Aquia Creek, rendered it impossible to push on the yvork as rapidly
as was desired.  A large number of patients were sent before the hospitals yvere ready to receive them, and great confusion among
the officers and suffering among  the patients was the consequence.   These  hospitals were kept in operation between two and
three months, when they were broken  up, and the sick transferred to Washington."      *       *       *
CIX.   Second  Extract from a Narrative  of his  Services  in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant
      Surgeon H. S.  Schell, U. S.  Army.
      *  *  *  "On the 11th of December, the batteries with which I was serving commenced firing upon Fredericksburg, to
cover the crossing of our troops.  The pontoon bridges were thrown across late in the afternoon.   On the 13th, we crossed the
river into the town, and attacked the enemy.   The men were mostly in good spirits.   The batteries averaged four officers and
one hundred and forty men.  The supplies of medicines, hospital stores, ambulances and hospital tents exceeded anything I had
ever before seen.  The yvounded  were taken immediately to the houses in Fredericksburg in ambulances, and received careful
attention.   The supplies of yvater, food 'and soups were abundant, and the wounded  Avere  not exposed at all to the Aveather.
The division Avas under the fire of artillery and musketry about three hours.  The small arm  used by the enemy was principally
the rifled  musket, with conoidal ball.  On  the 15th, our wounded Avere sent across  the river, placed in  hospital  tents, and
finally sent to Washington, a week or ten days afterwards, by means of the  cars  and steamboats.  A very large number of
primary amputations yvas performed here, together yvith a few exsections.  Chloroform yvas used freely, without any bad result.
The batteries lost three men.  The division with yvhich they were serving was about seven  hundred strong.  On the morning
of the 16th, at daybreak,  we recrossed the river, and occupied our old camp."       *      *      * 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  J.  T.  HEARD, U.  S. V.
131
 CX.   Extract from  a Narrative of his Services  in  the  Medical  Staff.    By  Surgeon  J.  T.
      Heard, U. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "At daylight, on the 11th of December, 1862, the left grand division of the army of the Potomac, commanded
 by Major General Franklin, and  composed of the First Army Corps, Brigadier General John F. Reynolds, and the Sixth Army
 Corps, Major General W. F. Smith, broke camp near Wliite Oak church, Virginia, moving to within a mile of the Rappahannock
 river, at a point three miles beloAV the city of Fredericksburg, forming the extreme left of the army.  Having reached this point,
 a  construction party, consisting  of the  150th Neyv York Volunteers, commenced to lay tyvo  pontoon bridges, which were
 completed the same afternoon, with but little opposition from the enemy.   The troops were now moved up, and  one brigade of
 the Sixth Corps thrown over the river, the remaining force bivouacking on the north side.   Before day, on the 12th of December,
 the troops Avere once more in motion; the yvhole  of the left grand division crossed the bridges and moved to the left down the
 river, forming in line of battle to the left and front of the large stone house of Mr. Bernard, which was about one hundred yards
 from the river.  Pickets yvere throyvn out nearly to the Bowling Green road in front, and on the left as far as the brick house
 knoyvn as Smithfield's.  The First  Corps yvas on the left; the Sixth Corps, on the right and somewhat in rear.  Batteries yvere
 posted on the north bank of the river, on the extreme left of the First Corps, in order to protect that flank.  The ground occupied,
 by the left grand division yvas a large open plain, about  tyvo miles in breadth and three or four miles in length, so level that nearly
 all the troops could be seen from any given point.   This  flat was bounded on the north by the Rappahannock, and along its
 south side yvas a  range of yvooded hills  occupied by the  enemy, yvho was strongly entrenched.   The plain  was  crossed
 longitudinally, near its centre, by the Boyvling Green  road, and consisted, for the most part, of ploughed fields, rendering the
 rapid movements of artillery and infantry very laborious.  During the afternoon, a few shells were thrown by the enemy, with
 but little or no effect, their object evidently being to reach the bridges.  During  the night and early the next morning,  our left
 was extended to several hundred yards below the  Smithfield house.  The men of the command were in excellent spirits and
 condition.  The approximate strength of the First Corps yvas sixteen thousand men.
      During the evening of the 12th of December, the three division hospitals  were located, the medical officers  having been
 previously detailed, in accordance yvith the circular of October  30, 1862, from the headquarters of the army.   Each regiment
 was provided with two hospital tents.  Beef stock, tea,  coffee, etc., were in  the ambulances in  abundance.  The ambulance
 corps yvas organized, as per order,  on the basis of three ambulances to a regiment.  Each  ambulance yvas  provided  with tyvo
 stretchers and two attendants besides the driver.  The hospital of the  1st division was established at the Smithfield house, on
 Pratt's farm, directly in rear of the troops of that division, and some thirty-five hundred yards from the heights occupied by the
 enemy.   The 2d division hospital was situated at and  about the house  of Mr. Pollock, on the north bank of the river, and a short
 distance below the  pontoons.  The  3d division hospital yvas temporarily formed in a ravine above and to the rear of the Smithfield
 house, it being the intention, if our troops yvere  successful in forcing the enemy  from  the heights, to occupy several houses on
 the crest just above the  ravine.  An  ambulance station  Avas established on the south bank  of  the  river behind the Bernard
 house, to Avhich the Avounded of  the 2d division  Avere  directed to be conveyed on stretchers, and immediately taken over the
 river in  ambulances to the hospital of that  division, the 1st and 3d division hospitals were so  near the field that stretchers only
 were needed to convey the wounded.  At the time of crossing the river, also during the whole of the battle of the 13th, one assistant
 surgeon and six men, with three  stretchers, closely followed each regiment  of the  corps, performing excellent service, and
 showing beyond doubt  the efficiency of the organization.  At  daylight, on  the 13th of  December,  the troops of this grand
 division were in line of battle.  The 1st division of this corps was on the left, and not actively engaged during  the day; the 3d
 division, in the centre; the 2d division, on the right; and the Sixth Corps, yvith Brigadier General Birney's division of the Third
 Corps, in reserve.   Our pickets,  as before stated, rested on or near to the  Bowling Green road, the enemy's pickets occupying the
 opposite side of the road.   At half past nine a. m., the thick fog which had enveloped both armies lifted; at the same time, our
 skirmishers were advanced, batteries quickly placed in position and the engagement  commenced.   The artillery fire yvas very
 heavy, the guns on both sides being served yvith great  skill.  The distance of the rebel batteries from our troops ranged from
 fifteen hundred to three thousand yards.   For several hours, the  wounds Avere occasioned almost entirely by shell.   Shortly
 after noon, the 3d division charged the enemy in the yvoods  and on  the heights opposite the Bernard house, running completely
 over tyvo or three rebel regiments with arms stacked;  not being supported, however, our men were obliged to fall back.  From
 this time, the character of the Avounds of those conveyed to hospital changed, wounds from rifle balls being now the most prevalent.
 Apparently the arm used by the  enemy was the improved rifle, with the conoidal ball; there Avere, however, a number wounded
 by buck and ball, as has been the case in all our engagements.  The artillery fire continued until after dark, when our  position
 was  nearly the same as that occupied by us in the morning; perhaps a little advanced.
      Almost at the first fire, cooking commenced at the hospitals, and the wounded, as quickly as brought in, yvere, if necessary,
 supplied with hot soup and coffee.  Water was abundant.   The operations were principally primary amputations.  Chloroform
 was administered in every operation; no deaths  took place from its  use.  As the  position held by our troops had not materially
 changed since morning,  the enemy still holding the heights commanding the plain, and as, during the afternoon, the hospitals of
 the 1st and 3d divisions had been uncomfortably hot, also as there was every prospect that the battle yvould be renewed the next
 day,  it was deemed best to remove  the wounded in  ambulances, under cover of the night, and re-establish the hospitals on  the
 north side of the river.  This was  successfully done.  It is  a great satisfaction to be  able  to state that all the wounded Avithin
 our lines were that night removed from the field and cared for.  Fifteen  hundred Avere received at the three division hospitals.
 The 1st division hospital was re-established in a Avood a  quarter of a mile north of the river. The hospital tents yvere  found
 amply sufficient to  cover all the wounded of that division.   The 3d division hospital was re-established about the house of Dr.
 Monson, on the north bank of the  river, directly in rear  of  the  Smithfield house.   Owing  to the great  number of wounded in
the 2d and 3d divisions, twenty  extra tents were obtained from the post quartermaster at Falmouth Station.  Supplies yvere
freely and easily obtained from the medical purveyor at the same place.  The  Aveather Avas remarkably yvarm and fine for the
season of the  year.  It was not until the wounded Avere sheltered that the rain fell.  In no previous battle witnessed by me 
132
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--BATTLE  OF  FREDERICKSBURG.
yvere the yvounded so promptly and Avell cared for throughout the army as at  Fredericksburg.  This yvas due to  uniformity of
action.  Every surgeon, hospital steyvard, nurse, cook and ambulance attendant was assigned his position and knew it  Tl
order organizing  the ambulance corps, and the  circular of  October 30,  1862, have been of immense advantage,  and  have
wrought a great change for the better in the operation of the medical department of this  army.  During the 14th and lliih of
December, the troops yvere under arms in  the same position they occupied on the evening of the 13th, and about tyvelve o'clock
on the night of the 15th,they yvereyyithdiawn saf.lv from the  south side of the Rappahannock.  On the  16th, this corps  went
into camp near Belle Plain  Landing.   On cr  about the  19th of December,  the removal  of the yvounded of this corps  to
Washington commenced. By the  25th it was completed, and the division hospitals yvere broken up.  The command remained
during the yvinter in camp near Belle Plain, Virginia."      #      #      #
 CXI.    Third Extract  from  a Narrative of his  Services in the Medical Staff.   By Surgeon
      John W. Foye, U. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "At the battle of Fredericksburg, the brigade with yvhich I yvas serving crossed the river at the lower ford at
about eleven P. M. on the 12th of December, and, early the folloyving morning, yvas moved to the left of the line, forming a part
of General Franklin's second line of attack.  It was not engaged during the first day's fight.   During the night,  yve relieved
the front line, and, on the morning of the 14th,  acted as  skirmishers, one company from each regiment being advanced for that
purpose.  The brigade was, at this time, about two thousand three hundred strong, its morale  good, and at no time, since the
commencement  of the rebellion, have we been so well  supplied.  The field hospital yvas  placed on  the western  bank of the
river, completely sheltered from fire, and Avithin one-third of a mile of our front line.   Water, fuel and food yvere abundant
and the weather fine.   The wounded were taken to the  rear  of the third line of battle on stretchers, from thence to the field
hospital by ambulances.  On the 13th, the  musketry fire yvas very heavy, but yvith complete intermissions, the interval being
occupied by artillery.   In the  afternoon, at about four o'clock, the musketry became continuous at short range, and continued
till dark.  On the 14th, in the morning, our skirmishers opened briskly, eliciting a desultory but effective fire from the sharp-
shooters of the  enemy posted in the wood.   The Austrian and Enfield rifles were probably the arms used by their infantry.
The yvounded were sent to Washington on  the 16th, by rail  to Aquia Creek, from  thence by steamer.  They had been fully
treated at the field hospital.  Cases admitting of no doubt yvere operated upon, and stumps were dressed  yvith a vieAV to immediate
rail and river transportation.   Chloroform was the only anaesthetic used.  The casualties  in the brigade were about seventy,
 and were all received the second day yvhile skirmishing."      *       *       *
 CXII.   Extract from a Narrative of his  Services in  the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon
      C.  Bacon, U. S. Army.
      *   *  *   "I remained at Frederick until November 24th, when I received orders for duty with the army of the Potomac,
 then lying at Falmouth, Virginia.   Arriving at this statioft, I was assigned to duty with the  1st battalion of the 14th Infantry,
 1st brigade, 2d division, Fifth Army Corps. I  found the battalion in a crowded division camp.  The weather was cold, the
 nights being especially severe.  On December  5th, snow fell nearly all day.   The  day following was extremely cold.  This
 inclement weather found many of the men deficient in proper clothing,  yvhich,  however, was speedily supplied.  On Thursday
 morning,  December 11th, the battalion moved from the camp, to participate in the advance upon Fredericksburg.  The  ground
 was thoroughly frozen, and a slight snow remained upon  it. Previous to leaving the camp, the  stillness of the morning had
 been broken by the cannonade, which Avas  heard more distinctly as Ave approached  Falmouth,  and more rapid as the morning
 advanced.  By noon, we were resting on our arms a little below Falmouth, and nearly opposite the city.  The night following
 was intensely cold, so also was the night of the 12th.  We remained in  our position until the afternoon of the 13th, when orders
 were received  to move the division across the river, immediately at the city.   Approaching the bridge, the command became
 exposed to the  enemy's cannon.   Crossing, we were pushed rapidly to the front, for the purpose  of renewing the assault upon
the rebel  works.  Darkness, however, intervened, preventing the assault, and the division was  advanced  to hold  the line of
pickets immediately in front of the city.  The day's battle  had been productive of great losses.  Numbers of the Avounded still
lay upon the field.  Fortunately, however, the night was  mild.   The following day, Sunday, was clear and warm.  Almost
entire quiet prevailed  on  the part of both armies.  During the night of Sunday, the  division  was withdrawn to the city.
Fredericksburg lies upon  a plateau, which is  the  first of a series of  shelves  or terraces that rapidly succeed each  other as
they recede  from the river.  Each successive terrace had been fortified by the enemy, thus commanding  the position  of our
army, Avhich was chiefly massed in the city.  Had the enemy  turned  his artillery  upon the city, the eff'ect would have been
most disastrous to us, and especially so, as our wounded still remained there.  During Monday, the 15th, they were removed to
the opposite bank of the river.  On the morning of the 16th, our army had effected the recrossing of the Rappahannock,  and
my battalion returned to its former camp.   My station for duty during the movement had been with the regiment; I, therefore,
had little  opportunity to witness the character or results of Avounds.   The  approximate strength of  the regiment at the time
of action Avas six hundred and seventy men, of Avhom four Avere wounded.  The wounded, on being removed to the opposite
side of the river, were,  for the most part, placed in hospital tents, till they could be made ready for transportation.  The  supply
of medicines and food  in the hands of the purveyor was abundant.  *  *   The winter following  was comparatively mild.
Little disease existed in the command.   The men remained under shelter tents. These they raised from  the ground; many
making fires in their tents; and, with beds made from the long grass of the flats, or the tips of branches of cedar, they were very
comfortable.  The command participated in the attempted advance of the army  to Banks's Ford, moving from camp  on the 20th
of January, encountering an almost continuous rain storm  for forty-eight  hours, when, on account of the roads having become
utterly impassable, the advance yvas abandoned, and we returned to our  previous camp on the 24th.  Several cases ot acute
rheumatism occurred during the movement .the result of exposure to the rain and cold.   But one fatal case  of disease occurred
in the battalion during  our occupation of this camp  site."       *       *      * 
REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS  PETERS,  GRUBE  AND  ADOLPHUS.
133
CXILL   Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon
     De "Witt C. Peters,  U. S.  Army.

     *  *  #  " The occurrence of the battle of Fredericksburg, in December, 1862, gave me the opportunity of being ordered
to the army of the Potomac, under General Burnside, Avhere I reported to the medical director, Surgeon Jonathan Letterman,
U. S. A., and was detailed by him to take charge of about fifteen  hundred yvounded, and convey them  to Washington.   The
transportation from Falmouth to Aquia Creek was ample, but many of the cars consisted of simple platforms without covering,
and yvere ill adapted for transporting men badly wounded,  especially  in mid-winter; and, for  this reason, some of these
unfortunates suffered much.   Many of them had lost their blankets, but at the depot I found a supply belonging to the Sanitary
Commission, and these I appropriated.  There was no straw in the cars for making beds, and none  at hand  that I could take
for the purpose.  At Aquia Creek, yve were transferred to steamboats.  Here, again, there was ample room  for the  men, but
nothing yvas provided for them to rest upon save the hard boards of the decks.  We were well  supplied with rations, nurses
and attendants, yvho did everything possible to make the yvounded comfortable.   No case terminated fatally on the route, and
the work of the surgeons on the field had been so faithfully performed that my services yvere not  required  even to arrest the
slightest haemorrhage.   The time  occupied in making the journey to Washington was about seventeen hours.  Surgeon R. O.
Abbott, U. S. A., medical director of the District of Columbia, had everything in readiness  to receive these  wounded, and by
him they were sent to the different hospitals in the city of Washington.''      *      *      *
CXIV.   Extract from  a Narrative of his Services in the Medical  Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon
     Franklin Grube,  U. S.  Volunteers.

       *  *  *  "At the battle of Fredericksburg,  which took place on December 13, 1862, I was assigned to accompany my
regiment, the 126th Pennsylvania Volunteers, to the field, yvhile the other medical officers of  the regiment were ordered to duty
at the division  hospital during  the engagement.   I  was yvith the regiment yvhen the division in which it yvas (General
Humphrey's) made its desperate but fruitless  charge  upon the  rebel works above the fair grounds in  the rear of the city.
Here it received nearly all its loss from the enemy's musketry, at a range of fifty to one hundred and fifty yards. When the
fighting yvas over at night, I reported to the  surgeon  in chief of the division, who assigned  me to take charge of  a branch
hospital, consisting of a private house in the city, into yvhich I received forty-four of the wounded of the division.  The hospital
was situated about half a mile from the point at yvhich  the division did most of its fighting.  Most of  the yvounds yvere by
mini6 balls; a small proportion, perhaps  one-tenth, yvere shell wounds.   My own regiment yvent into action about  seven
hundred strong, and lost in the engagement nearly one hundred, of Avhom nineteen were killed on the field.  Only about half
a dozen of the  other Avounds Avere mortal.  Of those killed, a large proportion, perhaps two-fifths or one-half, had received
shell wounds.   I  saw only three or four Avounds from spherical bullets and  buckshot.  According to my observation, the
supplies of medicines, hospital stores, ambulances, hospital tents, food and water were sufficient, even to abundance. Nearly all
the wounded Avere removed from the field yvithin an hour after they yvere disabled.  Possibly three or four per cent, lay  on the
field all night, in  consequence  of the darkness  and the  nearness  of the enemy's lines.   There were  not many operations
performed before removal to general  hospital, probably a dozen, among the eight  hundred wounded of our whole division.
All the slightly wounded were removed on the second day after the battle.   Those yvho could walk being sent on foot across the
river to the railroad station, thence, by rail and boat, distributed to the various hospitals about Washington.  The others were
removed at the same time in  ambulances over the river to the Fifth Corps hospital, where  they remained in tents nearly a
fortnight before removal to general hospital.  I yvas one of the medical officers detailed  at this hospital until its removal.  No
case came under my observation of death during  operation, or from chloroform, which was the anaesthetic mostly used."  * *
 CXV.   Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in  the Medical  Staff.   By Assistant
      Surgeon Philip Adolphus,  II. S. Army.
      *  *  *  tt rpne 2d tj  g Infantry, three  hundred and sixty officers and men, left camp, near Falmouth, Va., December
 11,1862, and bivouacked before Fredericksburg on the same day.   The bombardment of the  city began on the 11th.  Our
 division, the 2d of  the Fifth Corps, crossed the Rappahannock, under fire, during the afternoon of December 13th, and advanced
 through the city.   The regiment, having been ordered to advance in support of a battery, marched up to a canal, near yvhich it
 was placed.  Darkness ensuing, the command  laid down until ten P. M., Avhen, being  thrown to the front, relieving Birney's
 brigade, it remained twenty-four hours facing  a stone wall, behind Avhich the enemy  Avas entrenched, and constantly firing.
 During the folloAving day> the troops were obliged to lie on their faces, for the least movement brought a shower of bullets.  The
 command was relieved at ten p. m., when it encamped for the night and the folloAving day in the  city.   The army recrossed the
 Rappahannock, in  good order, on  the 16th of December, and the 2d Infantry arrived at its old camp on the 17th of December,
 having lost twenty-one enlisted men in wounded and missing.   Hospital  stores, medicines, ambulances and hospital  tents were
 amply provided at  the right time and place, the circular of October 30, 1862, being strictly obeyed.   The wounded who fell
 on the 13th and 14th could not be  removed until the evening of the 14th, it being impossible for the stretcher carriers to approach.
 They consequently suffered from cold and thirst.  So soon as it was practicable, they yvere removed by ambulances to the churches
 and mansions of Fredericksburg, the distance averaging two hundred yards  to one-half mile from the battle-field, and supplied
 with water, food, soups, fuel  and abundant medical attendance.  The fiie to which our  men yvere exposed yvas precise and
 deadly, from the minie" musket, and the wounds yvere chiefly inflicted on the upper extremity ; the men, being recumbent before
 a stone yvall, behind yvhich the enemy was concealed, could hardly move yvithout inviting a volley of musketry.   The yvounded
were all removed, previously to the evacuation of the town, to the hospitals of their divisions, and thence, by rail and boat, to
the general hospitals of Washington, etc."      *       * 
134                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—BATTLE OF  FREDERICKSBURG.
CXVI.   Second  Extract from a Narrative  of his  Services  in  the  Volunteer Medical Stuff
      By Surgeon  Charles  O'Leary, U. S. Volunteers.

      *  *  *  " Being appointed medical director of the  Sixth Corps a feyv days prior to the battle of Fredericksburg
December 13, 1862, I had the opportunity of putting in operation the field hospital organization devised by the medical director
of the army, and yvitnessing its beneficial  results.  Our hospitals were placed on the south side of the river, at the tyvo houses
belonging to the brothers Bernard.   Within a very feyv hours after the positions were  designated for the division hospitals, on
December 12th, all the necessary appliances were on hand, and the arrangements necessary for the proper care of the Avounded
were as thorough and complete as I have ever seen in a civil hospital.  During the engagements of the 13th, the ambulances
being guided and governed with perfect control, and with a precision rare  even in military organizations, the Avounded yvere
brought, yvithout any  delay or confusion, to the  hospitals of their respective  divisions.  Not a single item provided in the
organization for field hospitals suffered the slightest derangement, and the celerity Avith Avhich the wounded yvere treated and
the system pervading  the whole medical department from the  station in the field, selected by the assistant surgeons with the
regiments, to the wards Avhere the Avounded Avere transferred from the  hands of the  surgeons to be attended by the nurses
afforded the  most pleasing contrast to Avhat we had hitherto seen during the Avar.  Our  loss yvas not  heavy, being only four
hundred and fifty-seven wounded from the corps, then of twenty-two thousand aggregate strength.  The wounds were of a
mixed character, from shell,  round  shot, minie  ball and common round bullet.  Shell wounds yvere severe, and  in two cases,
where injuries of the arm requiring amputation  had been sustained, the men did not rally from the shock.  The majority of the
operations, however, did- well whilst  the yvounded Avere in our hands.  Our  position yvas someyvhat exposed, as the ground
beyond the river afforded no security from  the enemy's fire, and the  constant use of the  bridges precluded the feasibility of
hospitals on this side.   Still no injuries  Avere sustained in the hospitals, and the fire directed to points contiguous to them yvas
very trifling.  It is needless to observe that  our supplies were defective in nothing.  If the men could have been taken directly
into general  hospital from the field, their condition yvould hardly have been improved.
      On the 15th, the hospital tents,  of which we had an extra supply of forty-eight, then  in the corps, were pitched this
side of the river, out of range of the enemy's guns, and the wounded, yvith our hospital  supplies, yvere quietly transferred to
them.  On the night  of the 15th,  the  army recrossed.   On the 17th,  the yvounded  were conveyed to Falmouth, thence to
Washington, under charge of medical officers, with the requisite  number of nurses.  Both military commanders and medical
officers agree that it would have been impossible for the wounded to have received better care and  treatment than they did in
this battle."              *      *

CXVII.   Second  Extract  from  a  Report  on  the  Medical History of the  103d New  York
       Volunteers.    By Assistant  Surgeon A. Steinach, 103d New York Volunteers.
      *   *  * " In the latter part of November, we arrived at the place of destination, at Falmouth, opposite Fredericksburg,
Virginia.  As it was probable that we would have to stay here in camp for  many yveeks, every one tried to make his quarters
as comfortable as could be done Avith shelter tents  alone.   The Avater was good.  Provisions and  clothing, although at first
somewhat scarce, came in afterwards in  large quantities.  The weather was fair, but cold, and continued so until January, 1863;
consequently, the sanitary condition  of the regiment during this time yvas good.  There yvere usually from six to eight sick in the
regimental hospital, and six to eighteen in quarters;  of whom, one died of chronic dysentery, and one shot himself.   The diseases
usually originated from exposure to cold or from  indigestion; there were but three or  four cases of typhoid.  During the
recent battles, much experience had been  acquired, many improvements  had been found necessary, and a better organization
was introduced into the army.   Every medical officer was assigned to some particular duty in cases of emergency.  The benefit
of such a system could best be appreciated in the folloyving battle of Fredericksburg, on the 13th of  December, yvhere as ample
provisions for the comfort of the wounded were made as could be yvished for,  and where every wounded man, although
many thousands were  brought in, speedily received proper care.   Our regiment was on the battle-field, and was under fire for
a short time, but our loss was very small  in proportion  to that of  others.   One man  was killed and three  were slightly
wounded."      *      *      *

CXVIII.    Extract from  a  Narrative  of  his  Services  in  the  Medical  Staf.    By  Assistant
      Surgeon  C.  M. Colton, U. S. Army.

      *   *  * "On  the 22d of November, 1862,1 was ordered to report to the medical director of the army of the Potomac for
duty, and yvas assigned to the 17th Infantry. At the battle  of  Fredericksburg, I had  charge, also,  of the 11th Infantry. We
crossed the Rappahannock on the evening of December 13th, and having passed  through the town, took up a position just
beyond, yvhere yve lay down  under a heavy fire  of artillery and musketry until one o'clock A.  M., next day, when Ave crossed
the valley and took position directly in front of a stone Avail, behind which a portion of the enemy was posted.   Here the men
were again ordered to lie clown.  As soon as it was light, they Avere exposed to a heavy fire, almost every one yvho raised himself
from the ground being yvounded.  I had secured a suitable position for an hospital near the regiment, but after having three of
my four stretcher bearers shot doyvn yvithin  ten minutes, I yvas obliged  to  abandon the idea  of carrying the Avounded off the
field.   After dark, the regiment was relieved, and did not participate further in the battle.   It had gone into action with eighteen
officers and tAvo hundred and forty-two men, and lost one officer and two men killed and  twenty-two men wounded.  Such of
the wounded as yvere able to crayvl to the  field hospital  yvere attended to there during the day; the remainder yvere removed
after nightfall.  From the field hospital, they Avere removed on stretchers, or walked to the division hospital Avhich had been
established in  one of the churches in the toyvn of Fredericksburg, about half a mile from  the  field.  Here the supply of food,
medicine  and stimulants seemed to  be ample,  and the medical attendants  yvere energetic and efficient.   On tbe 15th, the 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  J.  S.  BILLINGS, U. S. A.
135
wounded were carried across the river, and Avere sent from Falmouth Station to Washington.  The Avounds appeared to have
been inflicted by conoidal balls, and, as the men were lying doyvn at the time, there was a number of flesh Avounds of the glutei
and of the  muscles of the back.  There yvere among the more serious yvounds several comminuted fractures, almost all of
which yvere received by the men yvhile in  the act of changing their position."      *      #       *
 CXIX.   Extract from  a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon
      J. S.  Billings, U. S. Army.

      *  *  *  "I reported for duty to Surgeon J. Letterman, medical director of the army of the  Potomac, on the  31st of
 March, 1863, and was immediately assigned  to duty yvith the 11th U. S.  Infantry, 2d brigade, 2d division, Fifth Corps.  On
 the 27th of April, the division commenced the march across the Rappahannock.  In anticipation of the forthcoming battle, the
 detail of officers for the division hospital yvas made out by Assistant Surgeon Wagner, then chief medical officer of the division,
 and I was designated as one of the operators, my assistants being Assistant Surgeon Bacon, U. S. A., and Acting Assistant
 Surgeon Hichborn.  But two ambulances Avere allowed to the division, and nc stretchers or stretcher bearers, nor did any medical
 Bupply or Autenrieth yvagons accompany us across the  river.  After a rapid march over muddy roads,  the division reached the
 brick  house of Doctor Chancellor on the evening of the 30th of April, and encamped in the yvoods about half a mile beyond,
 on the road leading from that place to Banks's Ford.  After marching about one mile, the enemy opened fire yvith rifled  shell
 from a section of artillery so posted as to sweep the road.   The column  immediately debouched to the  left, forming a line of
 battle at right angles to the road, and advanced at double quick.   Soon after leaving the road, I received orders to repair to a
 small frame house on  a little knoll near by, Avhich Avas to be used as a temporary hospital.  On reaching it, I found several men
 with slight shell yvounds.  I had hardly dismounted, yvhen the fire seemed to be concentrated on the spot;  shells fell on all sides,
 one passing through the house; and, in five minutes, I yvas the only person left about the place.   I then rode back about three
 hundred yards to another small frame house by the roadside, yvhere I found my assistants, and was  soon  after joined by the
 other members of the staff of the hospital.   By this time, Surgeon John Moore, U. S.  A., medical director of the Fifth Corps,
 had come up yvith the ambulances and stretchers, and an Autenrieth wagon, having, by great personal exertion, succeeded in
 getting them, that morning, across the river.  The infantry being now engaged, the wounded began  to come  in very rapidly,
 and I proceeded to the relief of the more urgent cases, performing several amputations, among others, two at tbe shoulder joint,
 also, one exsection of the same joint and one of the elboAV.   In about two hours, yve were informed that our troops were falling
 back, and yvere ordered to  remove the Avounded to the brick house  of Doctor Chancellor,  then occupied as headquarters by
 General Hooker. We succeeded in removing all of the Avouuded, and within ten minutes after we left  the house, the rebel lines
 came up to it.
       On reaching the brick  house, everything Avas  found in confusion.  All the large rooms in the house were locked and
 filled Avith furniture;  the wounded yvere lying about in the veranda, in the halls, and yvherever space  could be found;  yvhile a
 crowd of teamsters, orderlies, contrabands and stragglers filled the kitchen and out-buildings.  I immediately broke  open the
 doors; had the furniture carried out, and the wounded taken into the parlors;  cleared out  the kitchen, and ordered a cook to
 prepare soup; after which, I resumed the care of the wounded.  At this place, the most extensive shell yvounds that I have ever
 seen came  under my notice.  In two instances, the abdominal walls were  entirely  carried  away; and, from a third patient, I
 removed the entire  head of a  three-inch shell which had passed into the  abdominal  cavity, and yvas  slightly impacted in the
 bodies of the lumbar vertebrae.  This man suffered but little pain,  yvas sensible of his desperate condition, but yvas very impor-
 tunate to have the fragment removed, as he said it felt heavy and gave him  the colic.  After its removal, he expressed himself as
 much relieved; he lived forty-eight hours.  In a fourth case, a large fragment of a three-inch shell had  passed through the pel vis
 from one trochanter to the other.  In another, tbe arm  had been torn entirely off, and three inches of the  brachial artery was
 hanging out of the wound and pulsating to within an  inch of its extremity.   I also observed four cases of wounds of the
 abdominal walls, with protrusion of unwounded  intestines and  omentum.   In  tAvo of them, it was very difficult to return the
 protruded mass, yvhich Avas as  large as the fist, the muscles of the abdominal walls being strongly and spasmodically contracted.
 At first, I supposed  that the difficulty was due to  constriction at the base of the tumor, and enlarged the opening slightly with a
 probe-pointed bistoury, but the protrusion increased, and all attempts to replace the slippery mass were futile, as it glided out at
 one angle when pushed in at the other, until I caused one attendant to lift the patient by his  bead, and another by his heels, the
 nates just touching  the ground, thus relaxing the abdominal walls, Avhile, with silver spatulas, I lifted the  abdominal walls aAvay
 from and over the tumor.  I then closed the wound by means of sutures and collodion.   Our labors continued all night,  as fresh
 cases were constantly coming  in.  Every Avounded man in the house had  soup and coffee served to him.  But little operating
 was done, as few cases  required it.  I performed exsections of the shoulder and elbow joints,  and three or four amputations
 here.
      On the 2d of May, we were ordered to remove our wounded and rejoin Our division, then lying about a mile and a half
 to the rear.  Doctor Hichborn was left at the Chancellor house  to receive and care for such men as might be brought in from
 the field.  He was killed the next day in attempting to escape from the house.  On reaching the division, I found it just preparing ~\
 to march to the right of our line, to strengthen or replace the flying columns of the Eleventh Corps.   It Avas then about four in
 the afternoon, but it was dusk  before the column  got fairly in motion.   A  confused medley of wagons, artillery and stragglers
 blocked up the road; Avhile, to add to the confusion, the First Corps, under General Reynolds, was coming up at right angles
 to the line  of march.  The woods were full of stragglers, who were lighting fires  in every direction,  while a body of  cavalry
 was attempting to drive them in and to extinguish the fires.  At daybreak, I was ordered to establish a hospital in a hollow in
the woods, on the road to Banks's Ford, about six hundred yards to the rear of our line of battle.  Doctor Doolittle, of the 5th
N. Y. Volunteers, who had been detailed as surgeon-in-chief of the hospital, having gone ayvay, I was ordered  to assume the
duties of that post as  well as those of operator.   An old saw-mill near by furnished boards  enough to make a shelter for about 
]36                 APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--BATTLE  OF  CHANCELLORSVILLE.

forty men, and this was extended by means of evergreens and  pieces of shelter tents, as far as was found  necessary.  Two
hundred  and fifty rations yvere obtained from the commissary of the corps, and, in the afternoon, the brigade medical supply
wagons yvere brought up.   While at this point, yve received and treated about eighty wounded men, very few of yvhom however
belonged to our corps.  I excised the shoulder joint in two cases  at this place.  I operated, also, in three cases in yvhich a ball
had entered the cranium through the frontal bone, and penetrated the substance of the brain.   In the first case, I merely removi>d
the fragments and spiculae of bone yvhich had been forced into the  cerebral substance, the ball not being found by any examination
which I deemed prudent to attempt.   In the second case, I removed the ball,  the fragments of bone and the letter of the man's
cap, which had been forced into the anterior lobe of the brain.   I may add that I  saw  this  man, four yveeks  afterward  in the
corps hospital.  At that time, the Avound had nearly healed, and  no unfavorable symptoms of any kind had occurred.  In the
third case, a Confederate, I removed the ball and fragments of bone from the centre of the anterior lobe, and fortv-ei-bt hours
after, when I left, the man was leaning  against a tree, smoking a pipe and  observing my proceedings with great  interest.  In
none of these cases was there any disturbance of the mental faculties, after the first tAvo hours, during the time that they remained
under my observation.  On the 5th of May, by the order of Surgeon J. Moore, U. S. A., I removed all the supplies from the
brigade Avagons, except about fifty blankets and a few bottles of whiskey, and sent them off with all the wounded  belonging to
our corps. I then had the wounded belonging to other corps transferred to their respective hospitals, leaving no patients except
fifteen yvounded rebels.  All the other medical supplies of the division, and about  two  hundred rations were  left  in charge of
Assistant Surgeon Bacon, U. S. A.   One hospital steward, one cook and one nurse were also detailed to remain.  At five o'clock
of the morning of the 6th of May, we joined the division, which was then on its way towards the river, acting as rear guard, and
crossed about nine o'clock.  Before leaving, I suggested to Doctor Bacon the propriety of burying, or otherwise concealing, a
box of Avhiskey and some  chloroform and morphine.  This was done, and I have since  been informed by Doctor Bacon that it
proved a very useful precaution, as the greater part of the stores not so concealed were appropriated for the rebel wounded as
soon as they came up.  On the evening of the 6th of May, in a pouring rain,  the division reached its old camp near Potomac
creek."      *      *      *
CXX.   Second Extract from  a  Narrative  of his Services.   By Surgeon  J. T.  Heard, U. S.
      Volunteers.
      *  *   *   "On the 28th of April, camps were broken up, and, at noon, the First Corps moved to within one mile of the
Rappahannock, bivouacking not far from White Oak church.   On the 29th, before day, pontoons were brought up, but, on
account of the rapid fire of the enemy's sharpshooters from their rifle pits on the opposite bank, it was impossible to construct
bridges.  At nine o'clock in the morning, however, a brigade of the 1st division was rapidly crossed in boats, and quickly drove
the rebels from their pits, capturing ninety-five.  The bridges were then put down, and the 1st division thrown across the river.
Earthworks were constructed  along the  south bank, and the men covered.  The 2d and 3d divisions remained upon the north
bank.  The  enemy occupied the position on the opposite  heights as in December.  The place of crossing was a quarter of a
mile below the crossing made by General Franklin on the 11th of December.  The  Sixth Corps crossed at the site of tbe former
bridges.  As the First Corps was not generally engaged during the battle on the Rappahannock, there is but little of interest to
communicate Avith regard to its operations.  The approximate strength of the corps was fourteen thousand men.  The  loss
during the seven days was, in killed, wounded and missing, only two hundred and ten.  At the time the bridges yvere constructed,
the hospital tents were pitched, and the three division hospitals established near the Fitzhugh house, half a mile from the point
of crossing.   Before and during the time of crossing, sixty wounded were received.  All the wounds yvere from rifle balls, at a
distance  of from one hundred and fifty to  two hundred yards.  The wounded were  quickly cared for, all operations being
primary.  One amputation at the hip-joint was performed by Surgeon E.  Shippen, U. S. V.   As late as the 2d of June the
patient was doing remarkably well.
      On the 30th of April, our forces still occupied the same positions  as on the 29th.   At half past five in the afternoon, the
enemy opened fire on  the  bridges  from  a battery of four twenty-pound Parrott guns  at a distance of two thousand eight
hundred yards.  This battery was replied to by eight three-inch guns posted on the north bank, the fire continuing until dark.
TAventy men  were wounded by shell, and taken to hospital. May 1st, the rebels were seen moving large numbers of troops to
their right, but there Avas no engagement.  The wounded of the previous two days were doing well.  Supplies were ample.  May
2d, at eight o'clock in the morning, the 1st division recrossed the bridges,  and the whole corps moved up the river to United States
Ford, a distance of sixteen miles.   At the time of recrossing, the enemy again opened with their Parrott guns, yvounding fifteen
men of the 1st division. They Avere immediately taken in  ambulances to hospital.   Four hospital tents were left standing near
the Fitzhugh house; the wounded were  placed in them, the house was  also occupied, and the whole left in  charge of Surgeon
A. W. Whitney, of the 13th  Massachusetts.   The remaining tents yvere struck, wagons packed,  and,  together  with the
ambulance trains, moved in the rear of the troops.  At dark, the head of the column crossed the bridges at United States Ford,
and, at midnight, took position on the Chancellorsville road, with the right resting on Hunting Creek.  This corps,  which, in
the morning,  formed the extreme left of the army, was now upon the extreme right.  Earthworks were thrown up, and every
preparation made for battle.   Up to the evening of the 5th, no engagement took place. There Avas, however, some  little
skirmishing, by Avhich  we had fifteen men wounded by rifle balls, who were cared for, and afterwards sent to Washington.
Early on the  morning of the 6th, the whole of the army recrossed the ford.  On the 7th, this corps went into camp near White
Oak church.  On the 8th, sixty of the slightly wounded were sent from the Fitzhugh house to  corps hospital, near Wind-mill
Point, and to their regiments.   On the 25th, twenty-two wounded were sent to Washington from the same hospital, leaving but
fifteen seriously wounded men  at that place, who were well cared for and are doing remarkably well." 
REPORTS  OF SURGEONS  BACON AND  ADOLPHUS.
137
CXXI.   Second Extract from a Narrative of his  Services in the  Medical Staff.   By Assistant
     Surgeon C. Bacon, U. S. Army.

      *   *   *  "April 27, 1863, the battalion (1st battalion 14th Infantry) broke camp and marched yvith the Fifth Corps, by
way of Kelly's Ford, to Chancellorsville, crossing the Rapidan at Ely's  Ford, making a detour for the purpose of pushing the
enemy from  United States  Ford, thereby permitting  our  trains and  the troops at that point  to cross, and  arriving at
Chancellorsville, May 3d.  *  *   May 1st, the division was  advanced a mile and a half along the Fredericksburg road, when
the enemy opened  a  heavy fire  of artillery.   I accompanied the battalion near to  the position of the  enemy, but being
detailed on the operating staff of the hospital of the division, I returned for that duty.   The hospital was established at a farm-
house immediately on the Fredericksburg road, and at a short distance from the line of battle.   It afterwards proved to be too
near the front.  The division pressed the enemy backyvard for an hour, but not  being supported on either flank, it was ordered
to retire, having suffered considerably in killed and yvounded.  It hoav became necessary to remove the wounded without delay
to the Chancellor  house, Avhich yvas accomplished with ambulances, the yvounded having been brought from the battle-field
upon stretchers.  May 2d, as the Chancellor house had  become untenable, I received  orders from the  medical director to take
the yvounded, with the exception of those yvho had sustained major operations, to the corps hospital at Brooks's Station, on the
Falmouth and Aquia Creek railroad.  I returned from this duty, the following day, at noon.  The  baftle of the morning was
over, and the lines of the army had been reconstructed at the rear of the Chancellor house.  The hospital of the division was
noyv established in the yvoods in the rear of the position of the Fifth Corps.  Tuesday, May 5th, it yvas decided to withdraw
the army to  the north bank of the Rappahannock.  This yvas accomplished on  the following day.   I had orders from the
medical  director to remain with the yvounded, and also to take charge of a large amount of commissary stores, medical and
hospital  supplies belonging to the  division, and intended for the benefit  of the yvounded of our army remaining in  the hands
of the enemy.  These  supplies Avere  taken possession  of by Medical Director Holt, of A. P. Hill's  division of  the enemy'*
forces, Avith the promise that all should be used  for the benefit of our wounded.  I regret, however, to say that this promise
was not kept, and that only a small portion of the stores Avere issued to the men of our army.   Previous to the retiring of our
army, I  had cached a box of whiskey, yvhich I afterward obtained, and which  proved of much value. Were I again placed
in similar circumstances, I should  cache all supplies that might be imperatively required.  On being  relieved of these duties,
I began work at the Hill hospital, in charge of Assistant Surgeon Webster, U. S. A.  This hospital Avas on the field of the
action of the Third Corps on Sunday, and near to the Chancellor house.   At this date, May 7th, but few of the dead remained
unburied.  Our wounded had been collected upon the battle-field, or in its immediate vicinity, and were mostly under the care
of our oyvn surgeons.  I found all the yvounded had been removed from the position of the engagement of the 2d division of
the Fifth Corps.  The Third and Eleventh Corps had each left many wounded on the field.  By command of General Colston,
the hospitals in which they had  been collected yvere placed under the direction of Surgeon George Suckley, U. S. V., medical
director of the Eleventh Corps, who had  been made a prisoner during the battle of Saturday, May 3d. At the Hill hospital,
there were some two hundred of our wounded.  Some  of these  occupied the buildings of the plantation, which  were of the
poorest character.   The larger part, however, were provided with shelter by pieces of shelter tent united.  This shelter,
imperfect as it was, did much to protect the men from the rains.  No blankets  or bedding were supplied, yet it was  said that
this hospital was the most efficient and the  best provided of any of the Union hospitals.  An extremely limited  amount of
medicines, dressings and other supplies, were issued.  The commissary stores were sufficient for subsistence.  As a consequence
of the insufficiency of clothing, and Avant of proper quantity and quality  of food, the vital powers of the men became exhausted,
and frequently gangrene supervened on wounds of apparenly minor importance.   No capital operations were performed, except
such as were necessary to preserve life.  It may be said,  in extenuation of this treatment of our Avounded by the rebel authorities,
that it was chiefly owing to  their  own  want of food, clothing and other necessaries, and that  we received from them much
attention and courtesy.  The hospital attendants remaining with me by order of the medical director were not paroled as
prisoners of war, and I was  permitted to take my instruments and hospital knapsacks with  me on  my return to our lines.
Monday, May 11th, supplies were received from Medical Director Letterman, together with additional medical assistance, which
latter, however, was not required. We only needed the supplies to enable us to do our work.  The  wounds received by our
men were principally  caused by the rifle bullet.  Although the battle had been largely fought Avith artillery, but few wounds
presented that had been produced by cannon  shot or shell; and those,  though more fearful to look  at, were, I think, not so
destructive of life as Avounds caused by the  bullet.  Friday, May 14th,  the removal of the last of  the wounded to the north
bank of the Rappahannock,  under flag of truce, Avas effected.  At the  Hill hospital Ave had, under  the direction of Surgeon
Suckley, taken  every  precaution to put  the men in a comfortable condition for the transfer.  The complicated injuries, where
there were fractures of bone or other dangerous lesions, were placed in  proper supports, firmly bound, and the men were then
well supported in  the ambulances by pads and  blankets.   In this manner, we were enabled to transport the wounded Avith
comparatively little suffering.  Immediately at the crossing of the river, in order to meet whatever  demands might  arise, a
building was occupied, to furnish  food and such other supplies as might be required  by the wounded as they passed.   These
supplies  Avere essential, and were  furnished, I  believe, by Surgeon John Moore, U. S. A., medical director of the Fifth Army
Corps.  May 15th, 1 returned to  my command, having accomplished the transfer of  the last of the wounded to the hospitals
of our own army."      *      *     *

CXXII.   Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical  Staff.   By Assistant
     Surgeon Philip Adolphus, U. S. Army.
      *   *   *  "The Fifth Corps, of which  the 2d Infantry formed a part, left camp near Falmouth, Virginia, April 27th,
crossing  the  Rappahannock at  Kelley's Ford, and the  Rapidan  at Ely's Ford, in conjunction with  the remainder of the 2d
brigade.   The enemy was met two miles south of Chancellorsville on the 1st of May.  The regiment formed in line of battle
        18 
138                 APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—BATTLE  OF  CHANCELLORSVILLE.

on the right of the 6th Infantry, and advanced through thick Avoods for over half a mile to a slight rise of ground within n
hundred and fifty yards of the enemy, Avho opened a heavy fire of musketry, which yvas replied to by our men.  The regiment
remained in this position until ordered to fall back.  The loss at this point was twenty-seven officers and men.  The 2d division
remained entrenched  in a strong position on the 2d and 3d of May.  On the 6th, the whole army recrossed the Kappnhannock
by the United States Ford, the 2d, 4th and 14th Infantry covering the retreat.  The approximate strength of the brigade at the
time of action Avas about  one thousand four hundred and fifty men.  The hospital supplies, ambulances, etc., yvere  abundant
The yvhole medical service was regulated by Circular No. 4,  Surgeon General's Office, March 25, 1863.  The major part of the
yvounded in the engagement  of Friday fell into the  hands of the enemy, and were well cared for.   The yvounded  of the battle
of Chancellorsville also remained in the hands of the enemy for the space of ten days, and Avere Avell  treated, though their
medical supplies were not abundant.  Previously to the retreat of our forces, the Avounded  of our division had every care and
yvere Avell supplied Avith  water, food, soups, and exposed to no  hardships. The mini, rifle, at the distance of four hundred
yards, Avas the  Aveapon used by the enemy.  Indeed, every  engagement demonstrates an abundant supply of superior quality
of all arms, yvhen compared with earlier contests.  Very feAV round  balls, buckshot and slugs are now employed by the rebels
whilst, at the battle of Winchester, a large part of their ammunition was of the kind last mentioned.
      Primary amputations, as well as excisions, Avere  numerous.  Those which came  under my observation, despite the
depressing influences d? a retreat and the transportation of  the wounded over bad roads,  did admirably.  The results Avould
have  been better, no  doubt, had yve been able  to remain on  the other side of the Rappahannock, for many primary operations
would then have been performed, Avhich yvere necessarily postponed.  The rebel surgeons, hoAvever, operated as early as possible
and with good success so far as our men Avere concerned."       *       *      *
CXXIII.    Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant
      Surgeon Franklin Grube,  IT. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "At the battle of Chancellorsville, I Avas assigned to the division hospital as assistant operating surgeon, and
aided Surgeon C. N. Chamberlain, U. S. V., in performing a number of amputations.  Our corps (General Sedgyvick's), in this
engagement, numbered about twenty-four thousand, and lost nearly four thousand five hundred in killed, Avounded and missing.
Its position Avas on the left, near Fredericksburg, and it charged upon and carried the heights in the rear of the city, the same
from  which my former division yvas repulsed  nearly five months  before.  The missiles employed by the  enemy, and the
proportion of killed and yvounded in this engagement, were, as nearly as I could ascertain, about the same  as in the former
engagement here.  The  position of our hospital was at first on the Rappahannock, about half a mile east of the city.  On the
3d of May, it was removed into tbe city.  On the 4th, we recrossed the river, and carried the wounded under our care to about
half a mile north of the point of crossing.  Our supplies of all kinds I believe to have been sufficient; and though I observed
tardiness in several instances in  administering them, oyving to the confusion alyvays existing upon such occasions, I am not
prepared to attach blame to any one.  I  observed no  death from amputation, or during any other operation, and none from
chloroform, which yvas the anaesthetic we employed.  On the  fourth day after the engagement, all the yvounded of our corps
were sent by raihvay in charge of Surgeon J. P. Pethetidge, of the  65th Neyv York, and myself,  to Aquia Creek, there to be
transferred to boats, to be taken  to Washington for distribution to the general  hospitals.  On the yvay, the only evil feature
I observed yvas the  want  of trained  and disciplined  nurses, in  consequence of which several of the yvounded who needed
attention yvere not promptly waited  on during the night.   After  the removal  of the yvounded, I rejoined my command (the
batteries of the 3d division, Sixth  Corps), and, on the 13th of May, received an order from the medical director of the corps
assigning me to duty at the corps hospital near Potomac Creek bridge,  yvhere, for a few days, I had charge of the 3d division.
After the arrival of Surgeon Chamberlain, I assisted him in  reorganizing  the hospital."       *      *     *
CXXIV.   Third Extract from a  Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By Surgeon
      Charles O'Leary, U. S.  Volunteers.

      *  *  *   "In May, 1863, the Sixth Corps operated singly against the heights of Fredericksburg, Avhilst the main army
yvas at Chancellorsville.  The distance  the corps  moved over rendered celerity and despatch, in the preparation of hospitals
during the operations, essentially necessary.  The troops crossed three miles beloyv the town  at one o'clock A. M., May 3d.
Their position Avould not permit the hospitals to be advanced beyond the point of crossing.   At four o'clock A. >L, one division
effected a lodgement  in the town.  A bridge was soon thrown across the  river at this place, and, with the permission of the
General commanding, the hospital supplies and ambulances were brought to a point contiguous to the bridge, ready to be sent
over as soon as the heights yvere taken.   Whilst ayvaiting the action, houses were selected and put in fit condition for hospitals.
The charge was made at one o'clock P. M., the heights were taken, and, in less than half an hour, yve had over eight hundred
yvounded.   Two  hours after the engagement, such was the celerity  and system yvith  yvhich ambulances worked, the whole
number of yvounded yvere Avithin  the  hospitals under the  care of surgeons and nurses.  The  corps, hoAvever, pushed on, and,
at five o'clock, four miles from the town, encountered the enemy in strong force.   A severe  action took place.  All night the
ambulances were kept running, bringing in Avounded.  At four o'clock on the morning of the 4th, as they approached the town,
the enemy advanced from the left, and occupied the hills in their rear.  A few moments later and they yvould have been captured.
The Avounded, hoAvever, Avere all  brought off at  this time, with the exception of twenty-six, afterwards obtained under flag of
truce.  As the enemy occupied the hills, and  would soon have the town, it became necessary to remove the hospital to the north
side.  This Avas  done with very little discomfort to the yvounded.  At eleven o'clock A. M., the hospitals were re-established in
tents on this side of the river.  Being cut off from the corps byway of Fredericksburg, it became necessary to seek communica-
tion with it by some other route.  For this, ambulances, with medical officers and supplies, yvere hurried up to Banks's Ford.  A 
REPORTS OF  SURGEONS  FOYE,  BRENEMAN  AND  HOWARD.
139
severe action Avas going on in the afternoon.  The Avounded able to Avalk made their way to the ford.  Only seventeen ambulances
yvere able to reach the troops.   Even these could not reach the battle-ground, owing to the steady repulse of our troops.  The
slightly wounded only were saved from the field.  These were removed to the Sixth Corps hospital near Potomac Creek bridge,
as were, also, the slighter cases from the action of the previous day.  The yvounded from the different engagements of the corps
now numbered one thousand seven hundred, of Avhom nine hundred and  thirty yvere sent to Washington on the 7th and 8th of
May.  The rest yvere lodged in the corps hospital.  Eighty-nine yvere afterwards obtained under flag of truce: sixty-three from
Banks's Ford, and twenty-six from Fredericksburg.  Surgeons, with supplies,  yvere sent within the enemy's lines to attend to
them whilst there.  The Avounds yvere less severe than I have seen in any  other engagement of the yvar, and the number of
operations required was very feyv in proportion.  This yvas due, probably, to the small proportion of shell  yvounds received.
Of those received at first into our oavii hospitals, the operations promised very favorable results.  Of those detained within the
enemy's lines, the operations being all secondary, the aspect yvas not so favorable; sloughing occurred in many instances, yvith
secondary haemorrhage, and this to  such an extent that re-amputation has been necessary in some instances.   In every case,
anaesthetics yvere administered, no bad results folloyving.  Our hospital organization was strictly on the plan prescribed in the
circular of the medical director of the army.  Supplies of everything necessary were never for a moment deficient. *  *   *
CXXV.   Fourth Extract from a Narrative of  his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Surgeon
     John W. Foye, U. S. Volunteers.

     *  *  *  "At the battle of Chancellorsville, the Third Corps, of yvhich our regiment formed a part, crossed early on the
morning of the 2d of May, and took position on the left and centre, Avhere they established a line of breastworks.  Early on
the folloyving morning, they received the first of a series of assaults made by the enemy through the day.   In the afternoon, the
corps was shifted to the right, yvhich position they retained till the army was withdrawn, May 6th.  The strength of the brigade
yvas about tyvo thousand five hundred, in good condition and yvell supplied.  On the first day, the field hospital yvas half a mile
from the front.  On the second day,  it yvas removed to a more prudent distance to the rear, probably about a mile.  At the new
site, water and food yvere plenty, but there Avas no  shelter save  that afforded  by the few houses  near by.  On the 5th, at four
o'clock, P. M., it commenced raining violently, and continued to do so through the night.   The storm lasted, Avith less severity,
three days.  The wounded Avere removed by the ambulance corps, which was  very efficient.  The day prior to re-crossing, the
ambulance  train plied constantly between the front and field hospitals.  The battle was a series of assaults, extending over a
period of three days, commencing with artillery fire, yvhich was followed by musketry at short range.  There Avas, probably, no
material difference between the arms used by the  enemy and those of our own army, in which all the modern  varieties Avere
represented.  On the afternoon of the 4th, a train of thirty-five  ambulances of the Third Corps was loaded for  the corps
hospital near Potomac Creek.  From the condition of the roads, the journey was a very tedious one.  The last train, containing
forty-two patients, left the eastern  shore of the ford at eleven A. M. on the 7th  for the Third Corps hospital.   Many capital
operations were performed on the field  during  the first and second days; later than this the medical  corps was principally
occupied in preparing the wounded for transportation.  Chloroform was the only anaesthetic  used."             *
CXXVI.  Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon
     E. De W. Breneman,  U.  S. Army.
      *   #  *  "April 2, 1863, I returned to the army of the Potomac, and was assigned to  duty with the 12th Infantry, in
which regiment I am now serving.  The regiments of the division to yvhich it belonged left camp on Monday, April 27th, at ten
A. m., marching to Hartyvood church, at yvhich point all the ambulances were ordered to return to camp,  except one to each
brigade.   On Tuesday, we reached the Old Stone church, crossed the Rappahannock on pontoons, at Kelley's Ford, at ten a. m.,
and the Rapidan, at Ely's Ford, at nine P. M.   On Wednesday, we marched to Chancellorsville, via United States Ford, and went
into camp near there, Thursday, the 30th, at four P.  M.   On Friday, May 1st, at twelve M., General Sykes, with a command
of between four and five thousand men,  engaged the rebel General Anderson's division on the Fredericksburg and Richmond
road, one mile  north  of camp.   The  action  lasted  until  half past two  in  the  afternoon, when  the order was given to
retire to the old camp.   The condition of our troops was  excellent, and  their  conduct  in battle unexampled for bravery.  A
division hospital under charge of Surgeon Doolittle, of the 5th New York, with Assistant Surgeons Howard and Billings, U.
S. A., as  operators, was established in a dyvelling half a mile in the rear of the engagement.  To thio point, the Avounded were
promptly conveyed  on stretchers from  the  field; thence  they were  conveyed in ambulances to  the Chancellor house,  and,
subsequently, to the neighborhood of United States Ford.  I remained in the rear of my regiment on the field, attending to the
wounded.  Nearly all  the operations were performed at the field hospital, and I had no  opportunity of witnessing them.   We
arrived safely at our old camp, near Falmouth, Virginia, on Wednesday, May 6th.  The losses in the regiment yvere one enlisted
man killed and five wounded."                    *
CXXVII.    Fourth  Extract  from  Memoranda  for  the  Surgical  History of the War.   By
      Assistant Surgeon B. Howard,  IT. S. Army.
      *  *  *   At the battle  of Chaucellorsville, we crossed the Rappahannock on the 29th of April.  The Fifth Corps,
with yvhich I yvas serving, moved via Kelley's Ford.   On the 30th, we forded the Rapidan.  We halted in the  vicinity of the
enemy, near Chancellorsville, about tAvo o'clock P.  m.   Next morning, the 2d division and artillery, of yvhich I yvas the
senior operator, advanced along the Fredericksburg plank-road and encountered the enemy, who were posted across and on either 
140
APPENDED DOCUMENTS—BATTLE  OF  GETTYSBURG.
side of it.  The hospital for the 2d division and artillery Avas in a house about tAvo  miles from the Chancellor house.  Here
the yvounded had been rapidly attended to for about two hours and a half, yvhen a retreat was ordered, leaving the hospital in
front of the line of battle.  The patients  were quickly hurried ayvay to the Chancellor house, our next hospital.  The troops
continued to fall back on the left, so as to bring this hospital under occasional artillery fire, and the next day, at times, under
musketry fire.  The yvounded of this and some other commands  we treated here,  and, during the morning of the 2d  all men of
our own command yvere sent to the rear in ambulances.  May 2d, about four o'clock P. m.. the Eleventh Corps, on our richt
retreated.   Officers were detailed to be left behind, and the operating staff' went farther to the rear.  One of the medical officers
thus left was shot yvhile in discharge of his  duty.  Sykes's division was noyv formed in line across the road leading to the ford
and our third field hospital was established about a half mile to the rear of this line, close by the road to the ford.  While here
supplies of every sort were in abundance  except tents, the only shelter for the wounded being sheds extemporized of evergreens
and brusliAvood.  We received here about one hundred and fifty yvounded, including some of the enemy.  During the night of
the 4th, there was a  very heavy rain, drenching the yvounded.  By the evening of the 5th, all the Avounded, except prisoners,
were safely removed beyond the river to the corps hospital in the vicinity of Brooks's Station.  Large supplies of stores and a
medical officer Avere  left Avith the wounded prisoners, and before  daylight of the 6th, all our forces had retreated north of the
Rappahannock.  Different corps left large numbers of wounded on the field.  Some were lying, betyveen the opposing lines of
battle, in the brush, which is said to have caught fire, neither friend nor foe being able to render aid.  A few days after the
retreat, ambulances were sent for our wounded, with a flag of truce.  The wounded of the different corps were  mainly treated
in the field hospitals in the vicinity of Brooks's Station, and sent to Washington, when able to endure further transportation, by
railroad.   There was one death, at the last field hospital, from chloroform.   A post mortem discovered a ball lying behind the
trachea, beloyv the level of cricoid cartilage."      *      *      *
CXXVIII.   Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By Assistant
      Surgeon J. T.  Calhoun, U.  S. Army.
      *  *  *  "At the battle of Chancellorsville, I had medical charge of the 2d division, Third Corps.  Its loss was very
large, and many of the wounded were left upon the field.  After the battle, I went, in obedience to orders, yvith the flag of
truce  in charge of Assistant Surgeon M. J. Asch, U. S. A., to aid in the removal of our wounded from within the rebel lines.
This Avas speedily accomplished.  Those of my division were placed in hospital at Potomac Creek, and were carefully treated,
under my own personal supervision, by Assistant Surgeon Janes, of the 7th  Neyv Jersey, and the medical officers on duty with
him."      *      *                             __________________

CXXIX.   Second Extract from a Narrative of  his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant
      Surgeon C. M. Colton, U. S. Army.
      #  *  *  «At tne  battle of Chancellorsville, the 17th Infantry was in the first line of skirmishers on the morning of May
1st.  I was on duty  with the regiment, but found it impossible to keep up Avith it, the yvounded of my own and other regiments
being brought to me faster than I could attend to them.   As our skirmishers  fell back, I was obliged to transport the wounded
from the field, which was done on litters extemporized from blankets, etc., the ambulances and stretchers not having come up.
I succeeded  in  getting them all  to the Chancellor house, where, I believe, they Avere well cared  for;  but, being obliged  to
follow the regiment, am unable to give any further account of them.  The 17th Infantry went into this action with twenty-one
officers and three hundred and ten men.  It lost tyvo officers and five men killed, one officer and twenty-one men wounded, and
six men missing.  The wounds were mostly inflicted by conoidal balls  and  fragments of shell.  They yvere generally severe,
the proportion of Avounds of the trunk being greater than I ever saw before."     *
CXXX.   Report on the Operations of the Medical Department during the Battle of Gettysburg.
      By Surgeon  Jonathan Letterman, U. S. A., Medical  Director Army of  the Potomac.
                                                             Camp near Culpepper C. H., Va., October 3, 1863.
      General: I have the honor to submit the following report on the operations of the medical department of this army at
the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 2 and 3, 1863:
      As the subject of transportation has an important hearing upon the manner in which the yvounded are attended to after a
battle, it is necessary to make some allusion to the manner in yvhich this department was supplied.  It is scarcely necessary to
say that, if the transportation is not sufficient to enable the officers of the department to conduct it properly, the consequences must
fall upon the yvounded.  In the autumn of 1862, I investigated  the subject very carefully, with a view to the adoption of some
system, instead of the irregular method which, prior to that time, yvas in vogue; to limit the amount necessary and to have that
amount ahvays available.  The transportation  alloAved yvas one wagon to each regiment, and one to each brigade.  This gave
all that Avas  required, and was not  too much.  It may be remarked that it Avas a l-eduction to nearly one-half that yvhich had
been in use prior to that time.  This system  worked yvell.  At the battle of  Chancellorsville the  department had, upon  the left
bank of the Rappahannock, means sufficient, had it been allowed to use them, to take care of many more yvounded  than came
under its control.
      On the 19th of June, while the army was on the march from before Fredericksburg to some unknown point north of the
Potomac river, the  headquarters  being  near  Fairfax Court house, Virginia, the transportation of the  department was cut
doAvn, on an average  of two yvagons in a brigade, in opposition  to  my  opinion,  expressed verbally and in  yvriting. This
reduction  necessitated  the  turning in of a large portion of the supplies, tents, etc., which were necessary  for  the proper 
       MAP  of  MILITARY  OPERATIONS
                            in

N. E. VIRGINIA,  MARYLAND and  PENNSYLVANIA.
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REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  LETTERMAN.                         141
care of the Avounded in the event of a  battle.   Three wagons were assigned  to  a  brigade  of one thousand five hundred
men doing away yvith regimental Avagons.  This  method, in its practical working, is no  system at all, as it is liable to constant
changes, and proved to be, what I supposed at the time it would be,  a failure, as it did not give  the department the means
necessary to conduct its operations.  Headquarters left Fairfax Court-house on the 26th of June for some point as yet unknown
in Maryland or Pennsylvania.  On the 25th of that month, I directed  Assistant Surgeon  Brinton, U. S. A., to proceed to Wash-
ington and obtain the supplies I had ordered the medical purveyor to have put up, and there await orders.   On the 26th, he was
ordered to proceed with them to Frederick.  This step yvas taken to obviate the want of supplies consequent upon the reduction
of transportation.  At this date, it yvas not known that the army would be near Frederick, still the risk had to be run,  and the
event justified the order. Dr. Brinton arriving at Frederick on the 28th of June, the day after the  arrival of headquarters there,
with twenty-five army-wagon loads of such  supplies as would be most required in  case of  a  battle.  The train with these
supplies folloyved that of headquarters until yve reached Taneytown.   On the 1st of July, the trains were not permitted  to come
farther, and, on the 2d, were ordered to the rear, near Westminster.  On the 1st, it was ordered that 'Corps commanders and
the  commander of the  artillery reserve  will at  once send  to  the  rear all their trains, excepting ammunition wagons and
ambulances, parking them between Union Mills  and Westminster.'   On the 2d, these trains were ordered still further to the
rear, and parked near Westminster, nearly twenty-five miles distant from the battle-field.   The effect of this order was to deprive
the  department almost Avholly of the means for taking care of the yvounded until the result of the  engagement of the 2d  and 3d,
yvas fully knoyvn.  I do not instance the effect of this order, except to shoyv its influence upon the department;  the expediency
of the order I, of course, do not pretend to question, but its effect was to deprive this department  of the appliances necessary
for the proper care of the yvounded, yvithout which it is as impossible to have them properly attended to as it is to fight  a battle
without ammunition.  In most of the corps the wagons exclusively used for medicines moved with the ambulances, so  that the
medical officers had a sufficient supply of dressings, chloroform and such articles until the supplies came up, but the tents and
other appliances Avhich are as necessary were not available until the 5th of July.   The supply of Dr.  Brinton reached the field
on the evening of the 4th of July.  This supply, together with the supplies ordered by me on the 5th and 6th of July, gave more
than Avas required.  The reports of Dr.  Brinton  and Dr. Taylor show that I ordered  more supplies than were used up to the
18th of July, when the hospitals Avere taken from under my control.   Surgeon Taylor, medical  inspector of this army, who was
ordered, on the 29th of July, to Gettysburg, to examine into the state  of affairs there, reports to me that he made ' the question
of supplies a subject of special inquiry among the medical officers who had remained with the wounded during and for a month
subsequent to the battle.  The testimony in every instance was  conclusive that at no time  had there been any deficiency; but,
to the contrary, that the supply furnished by the medical purveyor had  been, and  still continued to be, abundant.'  This is,
perhaps, sufficient to show that not only  yvere supplies ordered in advance, but that they were on hand when required, notwith-
standing tbe difficulty in consequence of  the inability of the railroad to meet the requirements made upon it, until after  General
Haupt took charge of it on the 9th of July.  I have not deemed it necessary to present any tables showing the amounts  ordered
and issued, considering what I have above stated sufficient to show the action of this department.  The chief yvant was tents and
other appliances for the better care of the wounded.  I had an interview with the commanding  general on the evening of the
3d of July, after the battle was over, to obtain permission to order up the wagons containing the tents, etc.   This request he did
not think expedient to grant but in part, allowing one-half of the wagons to come to the  front;  the  remainder were brought up
as soon as it was considered by him proper to permit it.  To show the result of the  system  adopted upon my recommendation,
regarding transportation and the effect of the system of field hospitals, I may here instance the hospital of the Twelfth Corps,
in which the transportation was  not reduced, nor tbe Avagons sent  to the rear at Gettysburg.  Surgeon McNulty, medical
director of that corps, reports  that  'it is with extreme satisfaction that I can assure  you that it enabled me to remove the
wounded from the field, shelter, feed them, and dress their wounds within six hours after the  battle  ended, and to have every
capital operation performed within twenty-four hours after the injury was received.'   I can, I think, safely say that such would
have been the result in other corps had  the same facilities been allowed;  a result  not to have been  surpassed, if equalled, in
any battle of magnitude that has ever taken place.   A great difficulty always exists in having food for the wounded.   By the
exertions of Colonel Clarke, chief commissary, thirty thousand rations were brought  up on the 4th of July and distributed to
the  hospitals.   Some of the hospitals were supplied by the commissaries of the corps to which they belonged.   Arrangements
were made by  Colonel Clarke to have supplies in abundance brought to Gettysburg for  the wounded.   He ordered them, and,
if the railroad would transport them, they would be on hand.
      Over six hundred and fifty medical officers are reported as present for duty at that battle.  These officers Avere engaged
assiduously, day and night, with little rest, until the 6th, and in the Second Corps, until the  7th of July, in attendance upon
the  wounded.  The labor performed by these  officers was immense.   Some of them fainted from exhaustion induced by over
exertion, and others became ill from the  same cause.  The skill and devotion shown by the medical officers of this army were
worthy of all commendation; they could not be  surpassed.   Their conduct as officers and as professional men  was  admirable.
Thirteen of them were wounded;  one of whom, Surgeon W. S.  Moore, 61st Ohio, Eleventh Corps, died on the 6th of July, from
the  effects of his wounds received on the 3d.   The  idea, very prevalent, that medical officers  are  not exposed to fire, is thus
shown to be wholly erroneous.  The greater portion of the surgical labor was  performed before tbe  army left.   The time for
primary operations had passed, and what remained to be done was to attend to making the men comfortable, dress their wounds
and perform such secondary operations as from time to time might be necessary.
      One hundred and six medical officers were left behind when the army left; no more could be left, as  it was expected that
another battle would, within three or four days, take place; and, in all probability, as many wounded be thrown upon our hands
as at the battle of the 2d and  3d, which had just  occurred.  *  *   I asked the Surgeon General, July 7th,  to  send twenty
medical officers to  report to Surgeon H. Janes, hoping they might  prove of some benefit, under the direction of the medical
officers of this army who had been left behind.  I cannot learn that they were ever sent.  I)r.  Janes was left in general charge
of the hospitals, and, to provide against contingencies, Avas directed, if be could not communicate with me, to do  so directly
with the Surgeon General, so that he  had full power to  call directly upon the  Surgeon General to supply any want  that 
112
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--BATTLE  OF  GETTYSBURG.
mi-'ht arise.   The  ambulance  corps  throughout the army acted in the most  commendable manner  during those days  «f
severe labor.  Notwithstanding the great number of wounded, amounting to fourteen thousand one hundred and ninety-three
1 knoyv,  from the most reliable  authority and from my oyvn observation, that  not one wounded man of all  that number
yvas  left  on the  field  yvithin  our lines early on the morning of the 4th of July.   A few were found after daylight beyond
our farthest pickets, and these Avere brought in,  although the ambulance men were fired upon, yvhen engaged  in this dutv
by the enemy, who yvere yvithin  easy range.  In addition to this duty, the line of battle Avas  of such a character, resembling
somewhat a horse-shoe, that  it became necessary to remove the  most of the hospitals  further to the rear, as the enemy's
fire dreAV nearer.  This corps  did not escape unhurt: one officer and four privates yvere killed, and seventeen yvounded  while
in the discharge of their  duties.  A  number of horses  were  killed  and wounded, and some ambulances injured.  These
facts yvill shoAV the commendable and efficient manner in which the duties devolving  upon this  corps were performed,  and great
credit is deservedly due to the officers and men for their praiseworthy conduct. I know of no  battle-field from Avhich wounded
men  have been so speedily and so carefully removed, and I have every reason to feel satisfied  that their duties could  not have
been performed better or more fearlessly.
      Before the army left Gettysburg, and knowing that the wounded had  been brought in from the field, six ambulances
and  four wagons were ordered to be left from each corps to convey the wounded from  their hospitals to the railroad depot for
transportation to other hospitals.  From the Cavalry Corps, but four ambulances yvere ordered, as this corps had a number
captured by the  enemy at or near Hanover a few days previously.  I  was informed by General Ingalls that the railroad  to
Gettysburg would  be  in operation on the 6th, and upon this based my action.   Had such been the case, this number would
have been sufficient.   As it proved that this was not in good running order for some time after  that date, it would have been
better to have left more ambulances.  I acted, however, on the best information that  could be obtained.
      The number of our wounded, from the most reliable information at my command, amounted to fourteen thousand one
hundred  and ninety-three. The number of Confederate Avounded who fell into our hands was six thousand eight hundred
and two;  making the total number of wounded throAvn by that battle upon this department twenty thousand nine hundred and
ninety-five.   The wounded of the 1st of July fell into the hands of the enemy, and came under our control on the 4th of that
month.   Instruments and  medical supplies  belonging to the First  and  Eleventh  Corps were in some instances taken from the
medical officers of those corps by the enemy.
      Previous to leaving Gettysburg, on the 5th and 6th of July,  I ordered supplies to be sent to Frederick from Washington
and  Philadelphia, to meet the wants of the department in the eyTent of another battle, whicti there was every reason to suppose
would occur shortly after the army left Gettysburg.  While at the latter place, I asked the Surgeon General to have fifty
medical officers ready  to meet me at such a point as I should thereafter indicate.   On the 7th of July, I desired them  to be sent
to Frederick.  Late in the night of the 9th, forty-seven of  them reported. These officers were assigned to make up as far as
possible the deficiency of medical officers existing in consequence of the large  detail  from  this  army left at Gettysburg. Tents
yvere ordered by my request, and the corps supplied as far as their transportation would permit, and the remainder kept in reserve.
It is not necessary to enter into the detailed list of the articles ordered and on hand ready for the anticipated battle. I have
the orders in my office, and it is with pleasure that I can state,  for the information of the commanding general, that, notwith-
standing the short time in which I had to make the necessary preparations, this  department was, when near Boonsboro', fully
prepared to take care  of the wounded  of another battle of as great magnitude as that which the army had just passed through
at Gettysburg.  It is unnecessary to do more than make an allusion to the difficulties yvhich surrounded the department at the
engagement at Gettysburg. The inadequate amount of transportation ;  the impossibility of having that allowed brought to the
front; the cutting  off our communication yvith  Baltimore, first  by Avay of Frederick, and then by way of Westminster; the
uncertainty, even as late  as the morning of July 1st, as to a battle  taking place at all,  and, if it did, at what point it would
occur; the total  inadequacy of the railroad to Gettysburg to meet the  demands  made  upon it after the battle was  over; tbe
excessive rains which fell at that time, all conspired to  render  the management of the  department a matter of exceeding
difficulty, and yet abundance of medical supplies yvere  on hand  at all times.  Rations were provided and shelter obtained
as soon as the wagons were  allowed to come to the front, although not as abundant as  necessary, on account of the reduced
transportation.
      Medical officers, attendants, ambulances and wagons were left when the army started from Maryland, and the wounded
well taken care of, and especially so, when we consider the circumstances under which the battle was fought, and the length
and  severity of tbe engagement.  The  conduct of the medical officers was admirable.  Their labors not only began yvith the
beginning of the battle, but lasted long after the battle had  ended. When other officers  had time to rest,  they were busily at
yvork, and not merely at work, but working earnestly and devotedly.
      I have not  considered it necessary to give  in this report  more than  a very general  outline of the operations of this
department at that time.   To  enter into a detailed account of them would, I  presume, be more  than the commanding general
yvould desire.
                                   Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                                J.  LETTERMAN. Medical Director.
Brigadier General S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant  General, Army of the Potomac.
CXXX1.   Fourth  Extract  from  a  Narrative  of his Services  in  the Medical  Staff.   By
      Assistant Surgeon J. T.  Calhoun, U.  S. Army.
      *  *  *  " From Emmettsburg, the division (2d division, Third Corps) crossed into Pennsylvania, and participated yvith
honor and great loss in the battle of (Gettysburg.  It joined in the  fight on the second day of the  battle.  About nightfall,
Major General Sickles, commanding the corps, was wounded,  and the medical director of the corps. Surgeon Thomas Sim, V.
S. V., yvith my assistance, amputated the injured limb.  Surgeon Sim, at the request of the General, accompanied him to the rear. 
                               REPORT OF  MEDICAL  INSPECTOR  VOLLUM.                           143

The medical care of the corps then  devolved upon me.   I immediately selected a new site for the  hospital of the corps, that
hitherto occupied having been rendered untenable by the fire of the enemy, and had our wounded, over three  thousand in
number  removed thither.  *  *  During the folloyving yvinter,  I took every measure to put my division in the best hygienic
condition.  Neyv, large, yvell ventilated and  Avell Avarmed huts Avere built; the camps were thoroughly drained by a complete
system of ditches, and great attention yvas paid to camp police.  The regimental camps were inspected daily by their surgeons,
who reported to  the regimental commanders.  The surgeon-in-chief of each brigade Aveekly inspected the camp of his brigade
and its regimental hospitals, and reported to the brigade  commander,  and a surgeon yvas detailed daily, yvhose duty it was to
visit the various camps of the division and their environs,  and the division and regimental hospitals,  and make  a yvritten
report thereon to me.   ' He is especially to observe the location and police of the several camps and their drainage, the cleanliness
and ventilation of the quarters, tbe removal of offal, the number and condition of latrines, tbe character of the food and  the
manner in which it  is cooked, and  report  if, in his  opinion, the health  of the command  is in any way endangered.  The
cleanliness, ventilation and yvarm th of the several hospitals, the care bestoyved upon the sick, the character  of the food furnished
them, and the attention paid them by medical officers, steyvards and nurses, are likewise to be observed and reported upon.'  This
complete and thorough inspection system  secured us a division camp as nearly perfect as it was possible to make camps in
the field.  We had but a very feyv  sick, many of our  regimental hospitals  not containing an  inmate;  yet to guard against
contingencies, I  established  a division  field hospital.  While a great amount of talent has been displayed in the building of
general hospitals, and every effort used to make them perfect in plan and detail, but comparatively little attention has been paid
to field hospitals as regards their plan.   In my division field  hospital each of the wards was composed of tyvo of the regulation
hospital tents, and these were arranged in tyvo lines en echelon from the dispensary; the  yvhole,  forming a letter V, gently
descending from the officers' quarters to the brook.  Ditches, a foot in depth and of the width of a spade, yvere dug around each
pair of tents and on each side of the paths, connecting them.  The sinks yvere on either flank, and Avere made of  barrels sunk
into the ground.  The wash-house  and cook-house Avere of logs covered with a canvas roof.  Each yvard was yvarmed  and
ventilated by a large chimney, half the Avidth of the tent, made of stone  and mud,  with large, high, open fire places, capable
 of receiving a log four feet long.  A cedar-bough fence surrounds the grounds, to keep off the force of the wind."  *   *   *
CXXXII.   Report on  the  Transportation  of  Wounded  after the  Battle of Gettysburg.   By
     Medical Inspector E. P. Vollum, U. S.  Army.
                                                                             Washington, D. C, July 25, 1863.
     General : I have the honor to report that, pursuant to your orders of the 7th July, I proceeded on the same day to
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, for the purpose of reporting to  Medical Inspector Cuyler, U. S. A., for duty in connection with the
transportation of the yvounded at that place.   I yvas detained a few hours, on the 8th, at Hanover, Pennsylvania, yvhere I found
about one  hundred and fifty wounded,  chiefly  from Kilpatrick's cavalry,  under  charge of Assistant Surgeon  Gardner, 1st
Virginia Cavalry.  They were comfortably situated in a school-house and in dwellings.  The inhabitants had furnished them
with bunks, bedding, dressings, untensils and food in sufficient  quantity, the people in each street in the toAvn furnishing food,
delicacies, nurses, etc., two  days  at a time.   I  arrived at  Gettysburg about seven P. m. on  the 8th, and, in consequence of
some irregularity or delay in the  railroad trains, there were about two thousand slightly wounded men  collected at  a point a
mile from town, Avhere the trains  stopped, without food, shelter or attendance for the night.   Fortunately, through the agents
of the Sanitary Commission, these men yvere all  fed,  and some three  hundred sheltered that night.  No system had  as yet been
adopted for the transportation of the wounded, nor had this been possible  in the deranged condition of the railroad, though
Surgeon J. D. Osborne, 4th New Jersey, detailed for this purpose by Surgeon  H. Janes, U. S. V., in charge of the  hospitals
at Gettysburg, was using his best endeavors to work through the confusion  and crowds of wounded yvith yvhich he was
surrounded, and I have to acknowledge the important services  of this gentleman until the time of my departure.  The railroad
authorities yvere perplexed, and deficient in motive power and  rolling  stock.  The bridges put up since the rebel raids proved
too yveak except for the lightest  engines, and some for a  second  time yvere  carried away by the floods.  The telegraph yvires
yvere down, and the obstruction to transportation seemed insurmountable until General  Haupt arrived and assumed military
control of the road to Hanover Junction. We then experienced no  further delays till  the 18th, when an important bridge on
the road to Harrisburg gave way under  a cattle  train, thus  diverting, for the following five days, the  trains that yvere intended
for  New York to Baltimore and York, Pennsylvania.   Medical Inspector Cuyler arrived on the 11th, yvhen I  reported to
him for duty, and, by mutual arrangement, I  continued in immediate charge  of the transportation  of  the  wounded, which
confined me to the railroad depot and city of Gettysburg.   Every train of wounded was  placed in charge of a medical officer
detailed by Surgeon H. Janes. Instruments, dressings, stimulants, etc., were furnished him, and he yvas instructed to  announce
his coming by telegraph, if possible, and to report in person to the medical  director at  the place of his destination.  Each car
was filled with a sufficient quantity of hay, and, on the longer routes, water-coolers, tin cups, bed pans and urinals Avere placed
in them, and guarded on the route by some agents of the Sanitary Commission.   In some instances, these  conveniencies were
furnished by the medical department, but the demand for them by the hospitals  often exhausted the supplies at the purveyors.
Before  leaving, the wounded Avere fed and watered by the Sanitary  Commission, and often  hundreds of  wounded, laid  over
for a night or a part of a day, were attended and fed by the commission, whose agents placed them in the  cars.  At Hanover
Junction, they were again  refreshed and fed by the Christian Commission.  At  Baltimore, the agents  of several benevolent
societies distributed food bountifully to the Avounded in the cars immediately on their arrival; and at Harrisburg, the Commissary
Department had made arrangements for feeding any number likely to pass that way. 
141
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—BATTLE  OF GETTYSBURG.
      The folloyving are the numbers and destination of Union and Confederate wounded sent from Gettysburg up to the 23d
The first one thousand four hundred and sixty-two had left before my arrival.
Description.
 18<)3.
July 7
 "   7
 "   7
 "   8
 "   9
 "   9
 "  10
 "  10
 "  11
 "  11
 "  11
 "  12
 "  12
 "  12
 "  12
 "  12
 "  12
 "  13
 "  13
 "  13
 "  13
 "  14
 "  14
 "  14
 "  15
 "  1")
 "  15
5 r. m.	164
7 P. M.	258
7. 10 P. M.	400
1. 40 P. M.	640
10.35 A.M.	1,012
5. 30 P. M.	1,061
11 A. M.	186
5.15 P. M.	620
11 A. M.	204
5 P. M.	338
5 P. M.	76
10 A. M.	327
	28
12.15 P. M.	142
	184
5 P. M.	105
	433
9 A. M.	96
Union.
Confederate...
Union.
Confederate..
Union........
Confederate ..
Union........
A. M.
P. M.
133  Confederate
259 |  Union.......
 16 i  Confederate
130  Union......
176 |    "   ......
394  Confederate
182  Union......
 37  Confederate
380  Union......
Destination.
Total
  822
  640

2,073

  806
1,219
 1863.
July 15
     16
     16
     16
     17
     17
     17
     17
     18
     18
     18
     18
     19
     19
     19
     19
     20
     20
     21
     21
     21
     21
     22
     22
     22
     22
No.
A. M.
P. M.
9	A.	M.
9	A.	M.
3	P.	M.
9	A.	M.
3	P.	M.
9    A. M.
3    P.M.
11.30 A. M.
4	P.	M.
11.30	A.	M.
4	r.	M.
  6
 60
 36
262
 20
225
204
 80
 47
183
125
350
107
 25
198
125
257
141
467
 33
158
 54
 47
154
11,425
Description.
Confederate ..
Union........
Confederate ..
Union.......
Confederate .
Confederate ..
Union........
Confederate ..
Union.......,
Confederate ..
Union........
Confederate .
Union.......
Confederate ..
Union........
Confederate ..
Union........
Confederate ..
Union........
Confederate ..
Destination.
Baltimore
New York
York, Penn

Baltimore
York, Penn.
Baltimore
York, Penn..
Baltimore
York, Penn..
New York
York, Penn..
Harrisburg ..
New York—
Harrisburg ...
New York—
  Total
'PER DIEM'
605
Wounded sent from Gettysburg to 22d instant":
             Union.........................
             Confederate....................
7,608
3,817
Total................................................    11,425
Union wounded sent to Baltimore, in addition to above:
             From Westminster............................................   2, 000
             From Littleton...............................................   2,000
               Total sent off.
Deduct Confederate wounded
               Total Union wounded sent off.
Union wounded remaining on 22d instant.....
               Total Union wounded...........................
Confederate yvounded sent off..................................   3,817
Confederate yvounded remaining on 22d instant..................   2, l>-~
Total Confederate yvounded
Grand total in our hands ...
4,000
11,0(18
 1,995
13,603
 6,739
20, 'Ml
358
705
455
712
281
11,425 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  J.  S.  BILLINGS,  U. S. A.
145
     To obtain the Avhole number of Avounded of both sides, there must be added those of Chambersburg, Carlisle, Williamsport
and Hagerstown.  *  *  Before the arrival of Medical Inspector Cuyler, as far as my time and opportunities admitted, I
endeavored to make up the  deficiencies in  medical  supplies at Gettysburg by telegraphing to Surgeon Simpson, U. S. A., at
Baltimore.  In reply, he ordered liberal supplies of alcohol, solution chloride  of soda, tincture  of iron, creasote, nitric acid,
permanganate of potassa, buckets, tin  cups, stretchers, bed sacks and stationery of all kinds for  ten thousand  men in field
hospitals.  On the day after  my arrival, the demand for stationery, disinfectants, iodine,  tincture of iron and some other articles
was so great and immediate that I purchased them in Gettysburg, and sent the bills to the quartermaster there for payment.
                               Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                             EDW. P. VOLLUM,
To the SuRCxEON General U. S. Army.                                                Medical Inspector U. S. Army.
 CXXXIII.   Second Extract from  a  Narrative  of  his  Services  in  the  Medical Staff.   By
      Assistant  Surgeon J. S.  Billings, U. S. Army.

      *  *  *   "About the  middle  of June, the 2d division of the Fifth  Corps took up  its line of march, which, passing,
 successively, through Benson's  Mills, Catlett's Station, Manassas, Centreville, Gum Spring, Aldie Gap, Leesburg, Edyvards's
 Ferry and Frederick, terminated, so far  as I yvas concerned, at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on the morning of the 2d of July.
 On this march,  all  the ambulances yvere collected into a train, Avhich folloyved immediately behind the division, and was super-
 intended by a medical officer detailed for the purpose.  Transportation Avas allowed in the proportion of one wagon  for the
 medical supplies of two regiments, and this train of yvagons folloyved close behind the. ambulances.   For the approaching battle,
 I was detailed as surgeon in charge of the field hospital of the division, and, also, as one of the operators, my assistants being
 Assistant Surgeons Whittingham and Breneman, U. S. A.  At this time, I Avas attached to the 7th Infantry, and  also acted as
 medical officer for  the 10th Infantry  during the march.  On the 1st of July, about four o'clock P.  m., the  division reached
 Hanover, distant about tyvelve miles from Gettysburg, and went into  camp.   Just as the tents yvere fairly pitched, news came
 of the repulse of the First Corps, and a feyv minutes later, we were on the road to Gettysburg.  About six A. M.,  July 2d, the
 division marched into position, and formed line of battle on the right of the somewhat horse-shoe shaped line in which our
 army yvas drawn up.  *   *  About half past three o'clock p. M., the division yvas brought  into action, marching  down a little
 road to the right of the large conical hill called Round Top, which yvas  on the extreme left of the long arm of our horse-shoe
 like line of battle.   I accompanied my regiment until they Avere under fire, and Avas then  ordered  to repair to a large stone
 house and barn, near the base of Round Top, and there establish a field hospital.   When I  reached the place, our skirmishers
 were lying behind the stone  walls around the house, and as I rode up, a small body of rebels further up the hill, and about
 seventy-five yards  off, saluted me with a volley.  They yvere captured a moment afterwards by a regiment yvhich had passed
 between them  and their own line.  On  entering the house, I  found it unoccupied, and  bearing  evident traces  of the hasty
 desertion of its inmates.  A good fire  was blazing in the kitchen stove, a large quantity of dough yvas mixed up, the bake-pans
 were greased;  in  short, everything was  ready for use.   I immediately set my attendants at  work baking bread  and heating
 large boilers of water.  In five minutes, I was joined by the other medical officers detailed for the hospital.  The ambulance
 trains reported  to me fifteen minutes later, having yvith it  three Autenrieth wagons, and  by the time the operating tables yvere
 set up, and materials for dressing arranged, the  wounded  began to pour in.  I performed a large  number of operations of
 various kinds, received  and fed seven hundred and fifty wounded, and yvorked all that  night without  cessation.   An agent
 of the Sanitary Commission visited me  in the  evening, and furnished me with a barrel of crackers, a few lemons, etc.  Of
 stimulants, chloroform, morphine and materials for dressing, the Autenrieth wagons furnished an ample supply.
      On July 3d, at seven o'clock a. m., I yvas ordered by Surgeon  Milhau, medical director of the corps, to remove the
 hospital to a point  about one mile to the rear.  This was done as rapidly as  possible.  A few  shells began to drop in as the
 first train of ambulances moved  off, and by eleven o'clock  a. m., the fire on that point was quite brisk.  * Little or no damage was
 done, however, and by four o'clock p. M., all tbe  yvounded yvere safely removed.   The new site yvas a grove of large trees,
 entirely free from  underbrush,  on the banks of a little creek, about  half a mile  from the Baltimore turnpike.  By means of
 shelter-tents, india-rubber blankets, etc., shelter yvas arranged for all the yvorst cases, and two  thousand dry rations, with three
 oxen, were sent to  the hospital  by Doctor Milhau in the course of the afternoon.  All of this day, I yvas employed in  operating
 and in dressing the  more urgent cases.   The folloyving morning, it began to rain, and  continued  to do so for five days and
 nights with very little cessation. On the morning of the 5th, the regimental medical supply Avagons came up, and from them 1
 removed all  the hospital  tents  and tent  flies, with  two hospital mess  chests.  On this day,  the division moved. I was left
 behind in charge of the hospital, which  then contained about eight hundred wounded.   Tyventy men were detailed from the
 division to act as assistants about the  hospital.  I was also given two ambulances and tyvo  six-mule wagons.  The ambulance
 train, yvhich  had up to this time been engaged  in collecting the yvounded of the division  from the various corps hospitals to
 which some of  them had been carried, and in  hauling straw for bedding, accompanied  the  division, as did also the Autenrieth
 wagons.  By this time, Assistant Surgeon Brinton had  reached White church with a special medical supply train, and from
 him I procured such supplies as Avere most needed.  The greatest want yvhich I experienced Avas that of tools.  1 had not a
 shovel or pick with yvhich to bury the dead or construct  sinks, and no  axes.  I yvas compelled to send  out  a foraging party
 to the farm houses, who, after a day's labor, succeeded in procuring tyvo shovels and an axe.  Seventeen hospital tents Avere
pitched, and  in these Avere placed  all the most severe cases, about seventy-five in number.  Under the tent flies,  I placed one
hundred more  patients, and the remainder were all under shelter-tents, and were arranged by regiments.  By  means of the
wagons, I procured  abundance of  clean fresh straAV from about five miles distance,  and commissary stores and fresh  beef were
furnished ad libitum.   Assistant  Surgeons Ramsay,  Whittingham, Bacon and  Breneman, U. S. A.,  and two surgeons of
volunteer regiments, Avhose names I cannot at this moment recall, remained Avith  me,  and through their energy  and zeal the
        19 
146                     APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—BATTLE  OF  GETTYSBURG.

labor of organizing the hospital yvas quickly completed.  Especial praise is due to Doctors Ramsay and Whittingham, yvho-,.
labors  yvere unceasing,  and from Avhom I received many  valuable suggestions.   Very few shell wounds came  under my
notice  at this battle, and none from round balls or buckshot.  Most of the yvounds yvere from the conoidal ball, and a larce
proportion yvere in the loyver extremities.   Of three exsections of the  shoulder joint, all yvere successful in so far as that the
patients recovered.  In one case, I removed four and a half inches of the shaft.  No cases of tetanus occurred in this hospital
()t secondary haemorrhage there  yvere  thirteen cases up to the 22d of July, at yvhich time I  left  the hospital.  Three of these
cases occurred after amputation of the  thigh; in tyvo the hasmorrhage was arrested by  pressure, and, in the third, it yvns found
necessary to open  the flaps and secure the bleeding vessel.  Three cases of haemorrhage from the anterior tibial artery occurred •
two  yvere arrested by pressure, and, in the third, amputation yvas performed yvith a good  result.  In one  case, the internal
maxillary yvas the bleeding vessel.  The haemorrhage in this case yvas  readily controlled by pressure  and persulphate of iron
Assistant Surgeon Hoyvard, U. S. A.,  left in the hospital six cases  of gunshot wounds of the thorax, all of yvhich he had
treated by hermetically sealing the orifice with collodion.   Four of these men died.   What became of the other two I do not
know.   In one of these cases, I made  a post mortem examination, and found an abscess of the lung, communicating yvith  the
pleural cavity, yvhich  last yvas filled Avith a sanio purulent fluid.   Four  cases of a similar  nature were treated yvith moist
charpie.  One of these died, and  one yvas dying when I left; the other tyvo were, in my opinion, in a fair yvay to recover.  Five
cases of gunshot fracture of the cranium came under my notice.  Four  of these involved the occipital  bone, and  all were fatal.
A low muttering form of delirium, with  occasional  paroxysms of furious mania, was present in all from the commencement.
Two cases occurred of gunshot  fracture of the femur in the upper third.  Both were  treated  by Smith's anterior splint, and
one  died.   In no case  of fracture of the long bones  did  I attempt any formal resection, but  confined myself to removing
splinters and foreign  bodies, and cutting off very sharp projecting points with  the  bone forceps.   From  my  experience in
Cliffburne hospital, I  am convinced that regular resections in  such cases  are yvorse than doing nothing at all.  I partially
resected the elbow joint in two  cases, and the Avrist  in three.  The  Avounds generally granulated and took  on  a healthy
appearance Avith great and unusual rapidity, yvhich fact I  attributed  to the folloyving circumstances:  they were in the open
air, were, many of them, exposed for the first feAV days to a warm rain;  they had  plenty of good food, and-flaxseed poultices
were unknoyvn."
C XXXIV.   Fifth  Extract from  Memoranda for the  Surgical  History of  the  War.    By
      Assistant Surgeon B.  Howard,  IT.  S. Army.
      #  #   *   " Reconnoisance in force was made across the Rappahannock on the 9th of June, 1863.   The forces crossed
at Kelly's and Rappahannock Fords, and encountered the enemy at Brandy Station, when  a brisk fight  ensued, confined
mainly to the cavalry on both sides.  The wounded yvere brought to Kelly's and Rappahannock Fords as  fast as  possible.
Those taken to the  latter  place were immediately  placed on  the  cars for Alexandria; those arriving at Kelly's Ford  yvere
unprovided for.  I immediately converted the Mount Zion brick church near the ford into an hospital.  All the yvounds  yvere
properly dressed at once, and necessary operations performed.  The yvounds were mainly sabre cuts; one  man had five of
these.  The entire force recrossed the  same evening.  Next  morning, all the patients yvere sent from Mount Zion to Rappa-
hannock Station, by ambulances,  and  shipped thence by railroad to Alexandria.   The supplies yvere ample.  *  # At the
battle of Gettysburg, the 2d division of the Fifth Corps, yvith the artillery brigade, got into position on and about a ridge near
little Round Top about five o'clock p. m.  of the 2d  of July, and were, in a few minutes, hotly engaged.  The field hospital of
the command Avas established at a stone house, about half a mile to  the  left and a quarter of a mile to the rear of our front.
Just before noon, next day, the hospital was shelled so furiously that Ave removed the wounded in great haste to some yvoods,
beside a creek, about tyvo miles further to the rear.   In the absence  of all means of shelter, the yvounded were exposed to an
exceedingly heavy rain.  Supplies were sufficient;  surgeons were  detailed to remain at this hospital, while the rest joined the
army, which, on  the 5th of July,  advanced towards Williamsport."             *      *
CXXXY.   Third  Extract  front  a  Narrative of  his  Services  in  the  Medical  Staff.   By
      Assistant Surgeon C.  Bacon, U. S. Army.

      *  *  *  •'May 27th, at my own request, I was  transferred  for duty to the 2d U.  S.  Infantry,  belonging to the 2d
brigade of the division.  On the 3d  of June, the division yvas  advanced to protect the fords  of the Rappahannock, the 2d
brigade resting at Benson's Mill.  On the 13th, the camp was broken up and  the  command moved by yvay of Centreville to
Gum Springs, Virginia; thence, after  resting a few days, to  Aldie, Virginia.  The second  day's march, yvhile  ascending from
the loyvlands of the Rappahannock, yvas very severe, owing to the want of water and the great heat.   June 15th, 16th and 17th
were also excessively hot.  Numbers  of the men yvere overpoyvered by the  heat of the sun, falling insensible from exhaustion,
but no fatal cases of sunstroke  occurred.  The yvant of transportation for the sick yvas  severely felt the first two days ot the
march; as a consequence, those who were too sick to march yvere obliged to be left on the road.  Subsequently, ambulances
accompanied each command of the division.  On the 26th of June,  the division  resumed its march, proceeding by yvay of
Leesburg, Virginia, to Frederick, Maryland.   Thence  it moved by yvay of  Hanover,  Pennsylvania,  to  Gettysburg. The
regiment engaged in the battle  of Gettysburg, July 2d, meeting yvith  a loss of over seventy-five men, being about fifty-eight per
centum of those engaged, including officers and men.  I Avas not present at the engagement, having been detailed for duty at the
division hospital as one of the operating staff.   The action in which the division yvas engaged yvas short and destructive, placing
in hospital over six hundred Avounded, Avho Avere removed from the field of battle by ambulances.  July 3d, the building occupied as 
REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS BACON  AND  LYMAN.
147
hospital became untenable, being immediately in the line of the fire from the enemy's guns.  It was, therefore, removed to a point
some two miles to the rear  of the position of our army.  This occupied much  of the day, during  yvhich the hospital was
frequently under fire.  *  *  ToAvard the evening of the third day of the battle (July 3d), a heavy rain began,  falling also
during the nights of the 4th and 6th, and continuing July 7th  and 8th.   At an early period, the hospital tents of  the division
were brought up, having, previous to the  battle, been  sent to the rear Avith the division transportation.  These,  hoyvever,
accommodated but a small portion of the wounded.   Preference was given to those who had sustained operations, and to the
the most severely injured.   The remainder were but  imperfectly protected from  the rains,  their shelter being only such
as could be constructed by means of shelter tents.   The straAV used for bedding consequently became  damp, and,  the  rains
continuing  incessantly, little opportunity Avas given to dry it for several days.  Under direction  of the surgeon in charge,
Assistant Surgeon  Billings, U.  S. A.,  stimulants Avere freely distributed during this period.  So far as I know, no cases of
tetanus folloyved this exposure, nor had I  seen  tetanus ensuing  from the  exposure of the wounded at Chancellorsville.   The
wounds presented at the battle of Gettysburg, as  at  Chancellorsville and at the battles in Maryland, were'principally made by
the minie bullet.  *  *  Pyaemia was frequently the result of these wounds.   It was  common after  our capital operations, and
almost invariably proved fatal.   I have notes of but one case of erysipelas resulting in death.  *  *   At  different periods, the
minor cases and those rapidly  recovering  from  injuries  were transferred  to the military hospitals at  York, Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia and Baltimore.  The major operations and injuries of a complicated character were retained until immediately
preceding the breaking up of the hospital, when they were transferred to the general hospital at  Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
The health of most of the surgeons became  impaired by their  duties.  Of eleven surgeons on duty at different periods during
the permanent organization of  the hospital, eight  Avere taken ill,  or were absent  on sick leave  early after rejoining  their
commands.   August 2d, the division hospital yvas  broken up, yvhen I  rejoined my command,  then  lying at Rappahannock
Station, on the Orange and Alexandria railroad.  I yvas, yvhile  on duty at Gettysburg, seized with an inflammatory diarrhoea.
Continuing my duties, I became  much reduced.   My illness  rendered  me  incapable of enduring  exposure to  the excessive
heat of the sun, and on returning to my command,  I Avas prostrated by  a sunstroke,  yvhich, however, left no ill effects further '
than increasing my debility."              *      *
 CXXXYI.   Extract from a  Report with regard to  the Battle of Gettysburg.   By Surgeon J.
      W. Lyman,  57th  Pennsylvania Volunteers.
      #  *  *   At tbe engagement of  the 2d and 3d of July, 1863, the 1st  division of the Third Corps took an active part,
 losing heavily in killed and wounded.   Early in the forenoon of the 3d, whilst the division was taking position on the extreme
 left of the front line of battle, I proceeded on the  Taneytown road in the rear of the left of our lines to select a  depot for the
 yvounded.  Finding all the more eligible houses  and barns already occupied by the Second and Eleventh Corps, which had
 been engaged the day previous, I chose an old barn by the road side as offering the best accommodations in the immediate
 neighborhood, and leaving Surgeon EATerts to occupy the place, returned to the command, and notified the medical officers of the
 locality chosen.  The hospital and supply Avagons Avere ordered up, tables prepared, and everything Avas in readiness when the
 engagement commenced.  In fact, Ave had received a large number of wounded from the  skirmishing parties sent out before
 the battle became general; after which, it was discovered that our position was much exposed not only to shell and shot, but to
 the musketry of the enemy, compelling us to abandon  it, and  take  up a new position at a large stone barn in the direction  of
 the Baltimore pike.  We occupied this position  during the  remainder of the day and the night following, the entire force of
 medical officers being  busily engaged all night in caring for the wounded brought from the field.  Early on the 3d, I received
 notice from the acting medical director of the corps to  move the wounded of the 1st  division to a place admirably selected by
 him for a corps hospital in the field, still further removed from danger, and where, in addition to a finely wooded and  shady
 slope, we had a fine stream of running  water.  The change was soon effected, the operating staff of the division,  placing their
 tables near each other, were  constantly employed, while  the  remaining officers were no less busily engaged  in dressing and
 supplying the general wants of the hundreds of wounded men who continued to increase our numbers during that day and the
 succeeding night.   As usual, a large proportion of the  graver cases of injury were the last  to  be brought from the  field, and
 the cases for operation on the night  of the 3d and morning of the 4th accumulated, occupying the entire operating force without
 intermission.   From the tabular statement of wounded in the hospital of the 1st division, it appears that there were  ninety-seven
 cases operated upon, there being no less than fifty-three amputations, seventeen of yvhich were of the thigh, eleven of the leg,
 eleven of  the forearm and eleven of the arm (a singular  coincidence of numbers), the whole number of wounded being eight
 hundred and thirteen.  This statement  does  not include the whole number of the wounded  of the division, nor the full number
 of operations, as  many slight wounds dressed on the field, as is always the  case, did not come under  the observation  of the
 recorder, and many grave cases, followed by operations, fell into the hands of other surgeons, as those from other  divisions fell
 into our hands.  The whole number of wounded in the  division, as shown by official reports in the office of the adjutant general
 of the division, was one thousand four hundred and fifty-eight, showing a  discrepancy betyveen the actual number yvounded
 and the number recorded as receiving surgical attention in the hospitals of the division of six hundred and forty-five.   I am
happy to report that, notwithstanding the obstructions met with in procuring supplies from the commissary department, owing
to the supplies in ambulances and supply wagons, and the energetic and faithful labor of Assistant  Surgeon Albion  Cobb, 4th
Maine, in charge of the cooking department, the  Avounded  of the  division suffered but  slight inconvenience from Avant  of
food."      *      *      * 
 148                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY  OF  TIJE  POTOMAC,  1804.

 CXXXV11.   Report of the Medical Director of  the Army of the Potomac,  from January 14
       to July 31, 180_:.   By Surgeon Thomas A. McParlin, U. S. Army.
                                                   Headquarters Akmy of the Potomac,
                                                                 Medical Director's Office, Not-ember 28, 1864.
       General:  I have the honor to submit to you a report of the condition and operations of the Medical Department of the
 army of the Potomac under my direction.   January 14, 1864, I relieved  Surgeon J. Letterman, U. S. A.  The excellent
 condition of the department at that period evidenced the success of his labors.  It became my duty to prepare it for a campaign
 which yvould tax its highest poyvers.  At that time, the army consisted of the First, Second, Third, Fifth and Sixth Corps  the
 Cavalry Corps, the Artillery Reserve, the Provost  Marshal General's Brigade and the Engineer  Brigade.   The preparation
 of supplies and facilities for  their storage, transportation and  distribution, in the amounts required for the campaign, became
 necessary.  The changes which had been made in  the organization of the army rendered changes in the Medical Department
 necessary.  Absent officers yvere recalled, vacancies were noted and filled, and the maximum of personnel and materiel allowed
 were made known  and maintained.  To some extent, the means of transportation for the Medical  Department still remained
 with the regimental  quartermasters.  As late as March 29, 1864, Surgeon E. B. Dalton, U. S. V., ascertained  some deficiencies
 of ambulances, hospital tents and transportation in  the second division of the Cavalry Corps.  Frequent inspections yvere made
 to secure all wagons, harness, mules, camp and garrison equipage, clothing and other quartermaster's property, and funds yvere
 drawn by the ambulance corps as required for the  duties incident to the care and comfort of the sick and wounded.  It  was
 constantly necessary to preserve the division  of responsibility and property between the medical and ambulance officers, that
 each should receive and account for what yvas proper to his own department.  Neglects to make returns, followed  by stoppage
t of pay, yvere otheryvise to be expected in the  new organization.  Attempts were  made to institute  some  system of ambulance
 service to meet the  necessities of the  artillery reserve, but without success, until the order promulgating the ambulance  layv
 was issued.  Under its provisions, the artillery reserve and the artillery brigades of corps  and other independent commands
 were adequately provided for.  The importance of a proper diet during the Avinter preceding the campaign, to enable the troops
 to resist the depressing influence of ordinary fatigues, privations and exposure, and to preserve them vigorous to the latest
 period before active operations commenced, had not been overlooked, and reports of the issue of vegetables, soft bread  and
 other valuable articles of the ration had  been  required.  An appearance of scorbutic taint in the cavalry, and the detection of
 discrepancies in reports in that  and the Second  Corps in regard to  issues,  called for investigations, and it is  believed that
 greater vigilance Avas exercised thereafter by commissaries,  medical  officers  and others.  I estimate the strength of  the
 Ambulance Corps as folloAVs:' For the  month of May, sixty officers and tyventy-three hundred enlisted  men; June, seventy
 officers and twenty seven hundred enlisted men; July, sixty-six  officers and twenty-six hundred enlisted men.  The number
 of ambulances was  near eight hundred.  The number of medical officers in the army in May amounted to six hundred and
 ninety-nine.  In June, it had advanced to seven  hundred and seventy-five;  in July, it was six hundred and twenty-seven.
 Hospital stewards, not regimental, in  May, forty;  in June, thirty five; in July, forty-two.  I had associated with  me upon
 duty an  assistant medical director, tyvo inspectors, a  medical purveyor and assistant, and one assistant surgeon (Assistant
 Surgeon J. S. Billings, U. S. A.), specially assigned to collect and prepare  statistics and data connected with the operations
 of the department.   The results of his labors appear in the following narrative:
       During the months of January, February, March and April, 1864, the army of the Potomac continued to occupy the line
 of the Rapidan, guarding the Orange and Alexandria railroad, and having Brandy Station as its principal depot for supplies.
 The  country, being elevated and undulating, afforded excellent  sites for camps, which were^generally well located, well
 drained and supplied with good spring yvater.   The yvinter quarters of the troops yvere completed during the month of January,
 consisting for the most part of log huts about  eight feet square, the Avails four feet high, and roofed with shelter-tents, each
 hut accommodating  from  three to five  men.   Much skill and taste  was evinced in the arrangement of many of the  camps.
 Those of the Maine regiments were especially  noticeable for the neatness and comfort of their huts.  Tbe beds of the men were
 in all cases raised from the ground, and the huts were all warmed by open fire-places.  The rations furnished during this period
were abundant  in quantity, and  of good quality and variety, the average weekly issue, including three days rations of fresh
beef, three and a half of fresh bread, four and a half  of potatoes and tAvo and a third of other vegetables. The folloAving figures,
 which show this point more clearly, are furnished from the records of the Chief Commissary of the  Army:

 Statement of quantities of antiscorbutic  articles  of food issued  to  the  Army  of  the Potomac
            during the period commencing January 1, 1864,  and ending April 1, 18G4.
Articles.
Soft bread................
Potatoes..................
Onions....................
Turnips...................
Cabbage (in currey)........
Pickles...................
Desiccated potatoes.........
Desiccated mixed vegetables.
Quantities.
7, 356,200 rations.
2,229,551 pounds.
  399, 623 pounds.
   80,170 pounds.
   11,795 gallons.
    4, 820 gallons.
      600 pounds.
    6,320 pounds.
Dried apples........................................................................        551, 812 pounds. 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  McPARLIN.
149
      The clothing and bedding of the men yvere abundant and of good  quality.   The camp and  personal police were, as a
general rule, well attended to.  The morale of the troops was excellent.  They had had a long rest, and, in most cases, thirty
davs' furlough.  The  sick  list of the  army yvas  small, between four and five  per cent., while the weekly mortality was only
0.002 per cent.  The majority of the cases taken on sick report yvere slight in character, the principal diseases being catarrhal
affections, malarial fevers and venereal, the latter being extremely prevalent among the veterans returning from furlough.  A
feAV sporadic cases of variola and  varioloid occurred during the months  of March and  April, but the  disease was of a mild
type, and showed no tendency to spread.   Every precaution Avas taken to isolate these cases, and the entire army was vaccinated
as fast as vaccine matter could be procured.  The sick of the army were chiefly treated  in regimental hospitals during the early
part of the winter.  Division hospitals, to yvhich the more severe cases yvere sent, yvere organized during the month of February.
Ihese hospitals yvere floored with boards, and heated by means of open fire-places, and their condition, as  shoyvn by the monthly
inspection reports, yvas in every way good.  Jellies  and canned fruits were kept on hand and issued by the medical purveyor
and from the fund created  by the  tax on  neAvspaper venders and sutlers, which had been  put at the disposal of the medical
director of the army.   Funds Avere turned over to the medical directors of corps, during the months of  February, March and
April, to be expended for oysters, and other delicacies required by the sick.
      In accordance Avith  orders received from the  Surgeon General and the Commanding General of the Army, the folloyving
numbers of sick were sent to Washington during this period:  February 1st and 2d, one thousand and fifty-tyvo; March 24th and
25th one thousand three hundred and  eighty;  April 20th, one  thousand  seven  hundred and  eighty; May 2d and 3d, one
thousand five hundred and twenty-six ; total, five thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight.  These sick yvere sent, via the Orange
and Alexandria railroad, on special  trains, Avhich yvere about seven hours in making the  trip.   A large number of recruits,
substitutes and drafted men yvere sent to the army during this period, and among them were many entirely unfit to perform the
duties of a  soldier.  By a  special report of Surgeon  E. B. Dalton, U. S.  V., it appears that  of fifty-seven  recruits sent to the '
6th Neyv York Heavy Artillery, seventeen were hopelessly disabled from causes which must have long existed, and, in some of
the cases, from causes which must have  been apparent, even to a non-professional man, such  as curvature of the spine, loss of
part of the  right hand, double  hernia,  idiocy, etc.  By a special  report of Assistant Surgeon Geo. M. McGill, U. S. A., dated
March 2, 1864, it appears that among the recruits received by the Cavalry Corps, tbe number on sick report averaged thirty-two
per centum; of permanently disabled men, eight per centum;  and of deaths, one-half per centum.   In consequence of this report,
an order yvas issued by Major General Pleasonton, commanding the  Cavalry Corps, that recruits should not be put upon outpost
duty for two months after their  arrival at the army.  Examining boards were appointed in each corps  for the examination of
recruits, and the objectionable were  eliminated, but there still remained a number of youths,  from eighteen to twenty years of
age, who presented nothing absolutely exceptionable, but who soon broke doyvn in the long marches of the succeeding campaign,
and were a useless burden  to the army.   No important movements of troops, or engagements occurred during this period, except
a sharp skirmish at Morton's Ford, on the 7th of February, by a portion of the Second Corps, in which our loss was ten killed,
two hundred yvounded  and forty  missing.  The yvounded were conveyed directly to  the division  hospitals of the corps, and
were there  retained and treated.  Two or three cavalry expeditions were also  made,  the principal one being  that known as
Kilpatrick's raid, February 29 and March 1  and 2, 1864, a special report of  yvhich, by Surgeon  Hackley, is herewith
forwarded.   Thus, well sheltered, well fed and well clothed, refreshed by a long rest, with  visits to home and friends, and full
of confidence in their cause and their leaders, the army of the Potomac, on the 1st of May, 1864, was in as good condition as to
health, strength and  morale as is possible for so large a body of troops.
      The  consolidation of the five infantry corps of the army into three by General Orders No. 10,  dated headquarters of
the army of the Potomac, March 24, 1864, and the  passage of the Act  of Congress  fixing  the  ambulance system, approved
March 11, 1864, enabled the medical department of the  army to perfect its organization, and  establish itself on a firm basis.
The medical department was placed upon the same footing as the other  staff corps by  Special Orders No.  197, dated  head-
quarters army of the Potomac, April 12, 1864, yvhich designated the surgeons-in-chief of brigades and  divisions, thus rendering
their position to a great extent independent of the caprice of brigade and division commanders.
      As the provisions of the ambulance law corresponded in all  essential particulars to the system already instituted in the
army by Surgeon Letterman, no difficulty or delay occurred in its adoption.  All of the ambulances were thoroughly repaired,
painted and marked with  the distinctive badge of their several divisions and corps, details of medical officers and men for the
ambulance service were made, and the persons so selected were carefully examined.  As yvas to be expected, a large portion of
those first detailed yvere rejected, regimental commanders having attempted to rid themselves of their weak  and yvorthless men.
The men attached to the ambulances were carefully and regularly drilled,  minute inspections of everything connected Avith the
ambulances and horses were made, and guidons and hospital flags yvere procured and distributed.   The results of the labor and
preparation thus  expended Avill appear  in this  report.  Tens of thousands of  Avounded men have been  carefully, speedily and
safely transferred from the  field of battle to the field hospitals, and  from thence to the  large depot hospitals, and this has been
done without confusion, without hindering the movements of the  army or conflicting with  the  operations of the other staff
departments.   Closely connected with the ambulance system, and, to  a great extent, dependant  upon it, followed the organization
of a system of field hospitals.   The amount of transportation alloAved for medical purposes was  three yvagons to each brigade
of one thousand five hundred men, and one wagon for each additional thousand  men.  This alloyvance proved ample.  The
amount of regimental  hospital property to be transported yvas reduced to a minimum, all the hospital  tents  and stores  being
turned over to the division hospitals.  The medical  staff of these hospitals Avas the same as  established by Surgeon  Letterman,
viz.: one surgeon in charge, one recorder, three operators, each yvith tyvo or more assistants, and  one medical officer to provide
food and shelter.  As the plan of the division hospitals varied somewhat, a brief sketch of  the  hospitals of the first division
of each corps will perhaps best illustrate their peculiarities.
      In the 1st division, Second Corps, twenty-two hospital tents, fourteen army wagons and four medicine wagons were
allowed for medical purposes, the  division containing four brigades, tyventy-one regiments and eight thousand  men.  Six of the
army wagons carried the regimental medical property;  four, the brigade supplies;  two, the hospital tents;  one,  the cooking 
150                  APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC, 1864.
 utensils and three hundred rations, and one Avas loaded yvith blankets, beef-stock, whiskey, chloroform, bandages, lint, etc  etc
 In pirching the hospital, no attention yvas paid to brigade organizations, except that an operating table yvas established Weuel'
 brigade, the corresponding medicine yvagon being drayvn up beside it, and the surgeons-in-chief of brigades yvere ex officio the
 operators.  Thirty-six regular hospital attendants yvere employed in the preparation and distribution of food, dressing wounds
 and care of the patients.   These men wore on the left arm a half chevron, composed of a green and yellow stripe.  During a
 battle, or series of battles, the drum corps of the division, numbering three hundred and fifty men and boys, Avere put on dutv
 in the hospital, being organized into fiye companies, commanded each by a sergeant, and the yvhole commanded by a lieutenant
 having an orderly sergeant as an assistant.  From this corps, details were made, yvhenever called for by the surgeon in charge'
 for  pitching and striking tents, loading and unloading yvounded, bringing yvater and wood, burying the dead and for police
 duty.   A provost guard was present at the hospital during- an engagement for the purpose of arresting malingerers, etc.  One
 medical officer followed each regiment into action, the remaining surgeons, with the exception of those in the division hospitals
 remaining at the advance ambulance depot, yvhich yvas usually about five hundred yards in the rear of the line of battle.  When
 a large number of wounded were brought in, these last yvere sent to the division hospital to act as dressers, etc., etc.
       In the 1st division, Fifth Corps, twenty-five tents, fourteen army wagons and three medicine Avagons Avere allowed the
 division containing  twenty-one regiments, three brigades and eight thousand  one hundred men.   Five of the army Avagons
 carried the brigade and regimental supplies; three, the tents; two,  the  cooking apparatus and one thousand five  hundred
 rations; and four, the blankets and other hospital stores.   The tents in this hospital were pitched by brigades, the  operating tables
 being arranged as in the Second Corps.  Thirty-six hospital attendants were employed.   The drum corps of the  1st division was
 employed during the first two weeks of the campaign;  after that, it was sent to the  front, and tyvelve pioneers performed its
 duties.  A provost guard yvas furnished the hospital.  The medical officers not on duty at the division hospitals  formed advance
' depots near the line of battle, one or tyvo depots being formed for each brigade.
       In the 1st division, Sixth  Corps, tyventy-four tents, seventeen army yvagons and four medicine wagons were allowed
 the division containing four brigades, seventeen regiments and eight thousand  men.  Eight of the army wagons carried the
 regimental medical property; four, the brigade supplies; and five, the tents and division hospital supplies.  One of these last was
 used more especially to form a small flying hospital for the division while on the march.  The  tents were pitched by brigades.
 Thirty-four hospital attendants were employed, but no drum corps or pioneers, except when detailed in emergencies.  The tents
 were pitched and struck by the men belonging to the  ambulance train, who had been  especially drilled in that duty.   Two
 depot hospitals for each brigade were established as near the line of battle as possible, the advance ambulances being dose at
 hand, a second ambulance depot being usually formed about half a mile in the rear.  Each of these  division hospitals could be
 pitched or taken down  and packed in the wagons  in  forty-five minutes.  The ambulances of the divisions, when not in use,
 were  parked close  by the hospital, the stretcher bearers remaining at the front with the troops.  The regimental medical
 property Avas never used during the campaign, and, as in the Fifth Corps, very little was carried.   A much larger proportion
 of transportation was available for the division hospitals than  in the  other corps, and  rations, clothing, condensed milk and
 canned meats and fruits Avere  carried without  difficulty.
       In the Cavalry Corps,  no system of division field hospitals was organized, owing  to the peculiar nature of their service;
 their hospital  train yvas, by order or by circumstance, seldom near enough to  be aATailable  during an  engagement, and was
 entirely absent during their long expeditions and raids.   The usual operating staff was detailed, however, and a full supply yvas
 carried in their train;  the  nearest  available house was used as a hospital, and the yvounded yvere, in many instances, subsisted
 by foraging, as yvill be seen by the reports of the cavalry raids.  The Cavalry Corps hospital consisted of tyventy-tyvo  tents,
 with furniture and hospital stores, medical officers, attendants, etc., the whole under charge of Surgeon Samuel B. W. Mitchell,
 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry.   It yvas kept  up during the winter, and sent back  to Alexandria on the 1st of May, from which
 point it moved directly to Fredericksburg as soon as the road Avas opened.
       The medical and hospital supplies of the army were carried in the brigade supply and  medicine Avagons, the regimental
 and division hospital Avagons, the ambulance boxes, hospital knapsacks and field companions, and in a reserve  train of thirty-
 five army wagons yvhich moved yvith the main trains of the army, and was under the charge of Assistant Surgeon J. B. Brinton,
 U. S. A., the medical purveyor of the army.  The amount of medical and hospital supplies carried with the army is shown in
 the schedule marked "A," hereyvith transmitted.  The means of transportation and the amount of camp and garrison equipage
 carried is, in like manner,  shown  by schedule "B."  This  supply was  estimated as sufficient for the Avants of the army until
 June 1,  1864, and for the necessities of tyventy thousand wounded for eight days in addition.  The medical purveyor had, also,
 under his control a large and  commodious storehouse in Alexandria, in which a large amount of stores were placed in such a
 manner that they could be speedily foryvarded either by boat or rail.  A requisition for a complete three months' supply for the
 army, for the period from July 1, 1864, to September 30, 1864, yvas  sent in  by the medical purveyor during the latter part of
 April.  This supply reached the army at White House on the 1st of June.   The Sanitary Commission had five wagons in the
 army.  The supplies carried in them  are  also given in schedule "A."  The corps  of  medical directors exercised their oyvn
 discretion as to the movements of these yvagons yvith the hospital trains.
       During  the last yveek in April, all the sick  and wounded were  sent to Washington, the hospitals were broken up, all
 the surplus property sent to the rear, and every preparation made for an immediate movement.   The medical purveyor's depot
 at Brandy Station yvas broken up, and the surplus supplies sent to Alexandria on the 8th of May.  This depot had been kept
 up till the last moment, that every brigade might have a complete month's supply on hand at the start.  On the  5th of May, the
 Fifth Corps, yvhich had, up to that time, been  guarding the railroad from Fairfax to Rappahannock Station, yvas concentrated
 near Brandy Station and Culpepper, its place  being taken up by the Ninth Corps.  On the 30th of April, the 2d division of the
 Cavalry Corps yvas yvithdrawn from Warrenton,  and moved to Paoli mills.  The movement of the army began at midnight of
 the 3d of May.  The 2d and 3d divisions, Cavalry Corps, moved to Germanna and Ely's  Fords on the Rapidan, at Avhich points
 canvas pontoon bridges yvere immediately thrown across.  Two divisions of  the Fifth Corps moved to Germanna Ford by way
 of Stevensburg and the plank road, taking with them a yvooden pontoon bridge train, yvith which a second bridge  was constructed 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  McPARLIN.
151
at that ford by seven o'clock A. M. of the 4th.  The other two divisions of the corps followed, reaching the ford at nine o'clock
A. M.  Two divisions of the Second Corps moved at midnight of the 3d to Ely's Ford, and a wooden pontoon bridge yvas throyvn
across at that point.  The remainder of the corps followed at three o'clock A. m.  The Sixth Corps moved at four o'clock A. m.,
following the Fifth.  The  artillery reserve followed the Second Corps.  The trains  of the army moved to Richardsville.
General headquarters moved at five o'clock A. M., passing by yvay of Stevensburg to Germanna Ford, crossing the river at noon,
and camping for the night on the heights on the  south bank of the river.  The 1st division of the Cavalry Corps guarded the
river from Rapidan Station to Germanna Ford, covering the rear and right flank of the army.  The only means of transportation
allowed to cross the river yvere one-half of the infantry ammunition trains, one-half of the ambulances, one medicine yvagon and
one hospital yvagon to each brigade, and the light spring wagons and pack mules  belonging to the various corps and division
headquarters.  No opposition yvas made to the crossing, and as soon as the infantry had reached the river, the cavalry moved
southward, the 2d division to the vicinity of Piney Branch church, and the 3d division to the vicinity of Old Wilderness Tavern.
A small  body of Confederates yvere found at Chancellorsville, yvho retreated towards Fredericksburg, and another party near
Parker's store.  With these exceptions, no enemy appeared.  The main body of the army had crossed the river by tyvo o'clock
p. m., and, on the evening of  the 4th, the Second Corps, yvith the reserve artillery, yvas near Chancellorsville; the Fifth Corps,
near Old  Wilderness tavern;  and the Sixth Corps, on the heights south of Germanna Ford.  The distance marched yvas about
fifteen miles, the day yvas cool and pleasant, the men fresh and in good spirits,  and there was but little straggling.  Fifty rounds
of ammunition, three days' full rations in the haversacks and three days' short rations in the knapsacks yvere  carried by each
soldier.   Three days' rations of fresh beef on the hoof were also taken across the river.
      Early on the morning of the 5th of May, it yvas found that tbe enemy yvere advancing from Orange Court-house, with the
design of striking our column at right angles yvhile  in line of march.  The original intention of moving farther southyvard was
temporarily abandoned, and the army moved into  line of battle.  The Fifth  Corps held the centre, lying across the Orange
Court-house  pike, parallel to and  one mile west of the Germanna Ford plank-road.  The division hospitals of the corps yvere
placed on a slope of open ground by a small  creek  yvhich crosses the Fredericksburg pike  one mile east of Old  Wilderness
tavern.  Water for the hospitals was obtained from  excellent springs in the vicinity.  Tents yvere pitched, operating tables and
kitchens prepared, surgeons and attendants yvere at their posts, and everything yvas in readiness for the reception of the  yvounded
an hour before the cases  began to  arrive.  The  advance depot for the ambulances was near the turnpike, about four hundred
yards behind the line of battle.  A surgeon, yvith attendants, yvas stationed at Old Wilderness tavern for the purpose of dressing
the slightly wounded yvho might be straggling along the road, having passed  by the advance hospitals without  being cared for.
The yvounded began to come in about tyvelve o'clock M., and by nine o'clock P. m., tyvelve hundred and thirty-five men  had been
received, fed, dressed and sheltered.
      The Sixth Corps was posted on the right of the Fifth, extending to the river, the second division moving during the day
to the left of the Fifth Corps.   The hospitals of  the first division of this corps yvere at the Spottsyvood house, on the Germania
Ford turnpike; that of the second division, on the Old Wilderness Run, near Woodville Mine, and that of the third division, near
Old Wilderness Tavern.  About one thousand yvounded were brought in during the day, the greater part from the second division.
The Second  Corps got into position  during the day along the Brock road, leaving an interval  of nearly two miles  betyveen its
right and the left of the Fifth  Corps.   This space yvas for the most part filled up during the day by General Burnside's  command
and one division of the Sixth Corps.  The hospitals of the Second Corps were located near Carpenter's house, one mile  south-
east of the junction of the Germanna Ford and Chancellorsville plank-roads.  The site was a good one, with  good water and
two ambulance roads leading to the front, yvhich yvas only a mile  distant.  About six hundred wounded were  received during
the day.  The trains  of the army  crossed during the  day at Ely's and  Catharpin  Mine Fords,  and moved  one part to
Chancellorsville, the other to the vicinity of Woodville Mine.   The 1st division cavalry crossed after the trains and  moved to
Oldrich's, picketing the roads towards Fredericksburg.  The other divisions of the corps engaged with the enemy's cavalry, during
the day, in the vicinity  of Todd's tavern, and  had about one hundred  wounded.  A temporary hospital was established at
Brown's house, about half a mile northeast of Todd's tavern, where all the yvounded were dressed and fed, and the necessary
operations performed,  They were then removed to the tent hospitals of the corps, one of which was established near Ely's  Ford;
the other, near the hospitals of the Fifth Corps.   During  the day, army headquarters yvere on  a little knoll  near Woodville
Mine.  During the 6th and 7th of May, the battle of the Wilderness  continued, the corps and divisions remaining in nearly the
same relative positions.  As has been well said,  "this was  a battle which no man saAV  or could  see," fought  in the midst of
dense thickets of second groyvth underbrush and evergreens, rendering the use of artillery almost impossible,  and compelling
the opposing lines to approach very near in order to see each other.   It was a series of fierce attacks and repulses on either side,
and the hostile lines swayed back and forth over a strip of ground tyvo hundred yards to a mile in width, in which the severely
wounded of both sides yvere scattered.  This strip of Avoods Avas on fire in many places, and some  of the wounded yvho were unable
to escape were thus either suffocated or burned to death.  The number wbo thus perished is unknoyvn, but it is supposed to have
been about two hundred.  The stretcher-bearers of the ambulance corps followed the line of battle closely, and displayed great
gallantry in their efforts to bring off the yvounded lying betyveen the lines,  but yvith very little success, it being almost impossible
to find yvounded men lying scattered through the dense thickets, and the enemy firing  at every moving  light or even  at the
slightest noise.  The hospitals of the Second and Fifth Corps remained  stationary throughout the battle; those  of  the Sixth
Corps yvere collected on the night of May 6th, and moved to the vicinity  of Dowdall's tavern, on the Fredericksburg turnpike.
This removal yvas necessitated by a fierce attack  of the enemy upon the right yving,  which forced back and threw into temporary
confusion the 3d division of the Sixth Corps.  Some shells yvere throAvn into  the vicinity of the SpottsAvood house, injuring two
ambulances,  but doing no farther damage.  The  records  of  the various hospitals Avere, as a  general thing, carefully and
accurately kept.  The hospitals of the Second Corps, however, being but a short distance from the front, the influx of patients
was so rapid, and their numbers so great, that it was not possible to record  all of them. About  one  hundred and  twenty of
the enemy's yvounded were brought in, chiefly to the hospitals of the Second Corps.  The total number of  killed, yvounded and
missing during this battle is shown by the following statement, which, however, does not include the loss of General Burnside's 
1,',2                  APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF THE  POTOMAC,  1864.

command: Number of Avounded  according to  the  classified returns, seven  thousand three  hundred  and tyvo;  treated in
hospitals, but unrecorded, estimated, one thousand; fell  into the enemy's hands, estimated, eight hundred; total, nine thousnnd
one hundred and tyvo.  Number killed, according to regimental reports, tyvo thousand and  nine; missing, three thousand eight
hundred and ninety-three; total, five thousand nine hundred and tyvo; grand total, fifteen  thousand and  four.   The number of
yvounded according to regimental returns is ten thousand one hundred and eighty-five, or one thousand and eightv-three more than
is given above; but subsequent returns  render it probable that this is an error.  The proportion of officers yvounded yvas verv
large, being one to  every sixteen enlisted men.  This was due to the fact that the conflict partook of the character of skirmishing
on a large scale, and those who yvere the most conspicuously dressed Avere the first victims. For a similar  reason the zouave
brigade of the 1st division, Fifth Corps, yvhose uniforms Avere braided Avith red and yelloAV scrolls, met yvith a very heavy hiss
The relative proportion of killed was also large,  being nearly one to every five wounded.   Only tyvo hundred and forty wounds
from cannon shot and shell were observed.   As a somewhat interesting fact bearing upon the character of the conflict, it  may
be mentioned that it is stated by the chief ordnance officer that but eleven rounds of ammunition per mariAvere used by the army
during the three days' fight.  Ample supplies of  all kinds were on hand in all the hospitals.  The medical purveyor, with his
Avagon train, was at Woodville Mine, and reported that he Avas ready to issue by five o'clock P. M. of May 5th, but no requisitions
yvere sent in, as the supplies carried  in the ambulances and field  hospital trains Avere even more abundant than the emergency
required.  All the ambulances and hospital Avagons were at the several hospitals by nine o'clock A. m. of May 6th.   The labors
of the ambulance corps during this battle were  very severe.  The ambulances of the  Fifth and Sixth  Corps travelled about
fifty miles on the 6th of May.  Every wounded man who could be reached by the stretcher-bearers was brought off the field
and about four thousand blankets and shelter tents were collected and brought into the  hospitals.
      On the morning of  the 7th of  May, Major General Meade ordered that all the wounded should be sent to Rappahannock
Station, by way of Ely's Ford, to be sent from thence to Washington.  All the army wagons of the  general and corps trains
which  could be  emptied were turned over to the medical department  during the day, and, by six o'clock p. m., were beinc
loaded yvith yvounded. These wagons yvere thickly bedded with  evergreen boughs, over Avhich, shelter-tents and blankets were
spread, and yvere comparatively comfortable for  the class of cases for which they were used.  Every facility was afforded by
the quartermaster's department, and yvithout such aid, it yvould have been utterly impossible to have removed more than  one-
fourth of the wounded.  Three hundred and tyventy-five wagons and four hundred and eighty-eight ambulances were used for
the yvounded of the infantry corps, and  it was found absolutely necessary to leave behind nine hundred  and sixty of them for
lack of transportation.  The wounded Avere divided into three classes: first, those able  to walk; second,  those unable to walk,
but able to ride in army wagons; third, those most severely wounded, including the cases of fractures of the loyver extremities,
major amputations and penetrating wounds of the thoracic and abdominal cavities.  Two medical officers, one hospital  steward
and ten attendants were detailed to every five hundred men, and rations, dressings and medical stores furnished for three days.
Surgeon E. B. Dalton, U. S.  Volunteers,  was placed in charge of the entire train,  and a regiment of dismounted cavalry
accompanied it as  a guard.  A message  Avas sent to the Surgeon General at ten o'clock A.  M., notifying him of the arrangements
made, and requesting that supplies should be sent to Rappahannock Station for the wounded remaining on the field, to be brought
by the returning train.
      On the evening of May 7th, it was determined to  abandon the line of the Rapidan, and the army moved during the night
to tbe vicinity of Spottsylvania Court-house.  The train containing  wounded was therefore ordered to accompany the trains
of the army to Oldrich's, on the  Fredericksburg plank road, two miles south of Chancellorsville. The number of yvounded
left behind  in the  several corps hospitals on account  of lack  of transportation, according to reports  of the  corps  medical
directors, yvas as folloyvs: In the Second  Corps, six  hundred  and sixty of our oyvn men and ninety rebels; Fifth  Corps,
tyvo hundred of our oyvn men and four rebels; Sixth Corps,  one hundred of our own men; total, nine hundred and sixty of our
oyvn men and  ninety-four rebels.  Hospital tents, medical  officers and attendants, medicines, hospital stores and dressings and
from three to five days rations were left with them.   Early in the morning of May 8th,  the following order was issued:
                                                           ' Headquarters  Army of the Potomac, May 8, 1864.
      The wounded of the army will be immediately transported to Fredericksburg, and  there put in hospital.  Major General
Hancock will  detail a small regiment of infantry, under a reliable commander, who, with his own regiment and the 22d  New
York Cavalry, Avill escort them and take charge of the hospital.  He will return the  ambulances to the army, but retain the
wagons ;  Avith which, under a flag of truce,  he will endeavor to bring off the field such  yvounded as there yvas no transportation
for.  The wounded will be supplied with three days' subsistence, which will be furnished by the corps commanders concerned.
       By command of General Meade.                                    S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant General.'
      At quarter to ten o'clock A. M., a message was despatched  by a special agent to the Surgeon General, informing him of the
neAV arrangement,  and requesting that medical officers and supplies shoujd be sent at once to Fredericksburg.  Sixty-eight beef
cattle Avere drayvn from the general herd, and turned over  to Surgeon  Dalton, U. S. V.,  and he was  instructed to drayv from
the purveyor's train whatever medical supplies  he might  deem necessary.   The entire train had passed Silver's house, on its
yvay to  Fredericksburg, by eleven o'clock P. M., and arrived at  its destination by eleven  o'clock A. M. of the 9tb, having met
with no molestation or trouble.
      Within the  tyvo folloyving weeks, about one thousand of the wounded  left on the battle-field yvere collected and carried
to  Fredericksburg  by ambulances and  wagons  sent out from that place by Surgeon  Dalton.   The wounded left yvithin the
enemy's  lines yvere chiefly collected  at  the  Confederate hospitals near Parker's store and Robertson's tavern.  About three
hundred  of these yvere brought ayvay, and  tents,  food and dressings  left with those yvho could  not be brought off.   The enemy
at  first made no objection to the removal of the  wounded, but, on the 14th of May,  Assistant Surgeon Breneman, r\ S. A.,
yvho yvent out yvith a train at that time,  yvas informed that no more yvounded could be removed unless a special request to that
effect  should be  made by Lieutenant  General  Grant.   On  the 18th  of May, Doctor  Breneman again went  out with an
ambulance train, carrying  the folloyving  letter: 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  McPARLIN.
153
                                    'Headquarters  Army  ok the United  States,
                                                     Near Spottsylvania Court-house, Virginia, May 18, 1864.
       Sir:  To secure proper medical supplies and care for the Avounded soldiers yvho, I understand, are still left in your
 hospitals near Old Wilderness tavern, I yvould request that all yvho are still in your hands be delivered to Assistant Surgeon
 Breneman, U. S. A., yvho is authorized to receipt the rolls of the  same.  I yvill state that all Confederate wounded yvho have
 fallen into our hands are receiving good care, and abundance of supplies of all description.  Such, hoyvever, as have not been
 sent beyond Fredericksburg yvill be delivered into your hands at Chancellorsville, if you desire it.
                                   I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                                  U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant General.
 Commanding Officer Confederate  Forces,
                             Xear Old  Wilderness Tavern, Virginia.'
       The request contained in the above letter yvas refused, on the ground that it was not addressed to General Robert E. Lee.
 Doctor Breneman  yvas permitted, however, to send tAvo yvagon loads of food and medical supplies for the use of our yvounded.
 On the 22d  of May, Doctor Breneman made another  attempt, but with the same result.   On his return, he was stopped by
 guerillas, his horse taken from him, and his pockets rifled of all papers and valuables.  On the 24th, supplies were sent  out
 from Fredericksburg, and, on the 27th, by order of Lieutenant General Grant, Doctor Breneman again  went out, accompanied
 by a strong  force of cavalry and infantry, and brought in all the yvounded from the vicinity of Old Wilderness tavern, eighty-
 six in number.  On their arrival at Fredericksburg,  they yvere placed on board a steamer lying at the yvharf, and conveyed
 directly to Washington. Fredericksburg yvas then abandoned, and no further efforts yvere or could be made  by the medical
 department  of the army to bring in those yvounded yvho Avere in the enemy's hospitals near Parker's store.  An expedition was
 sent out from Washington, hoyvever, by Surgeon  R. O. Abbott, U. S. A., medical  director, on the 8th of June, yvhich brought
 off forty-five yvounded, all that yvere  left, the others having been removed by the enemy.  The mortality among the wounded
 left in the Wilderness yvas very great, partly because  only the most  serious cases and such as could not bear transportation
 yvere left, and partly from insufficient food and supplies.  The surgeons left with the yvounded yvere permitted to return yvithout
 molestation, and no parols were exacted from those yvounded yvho were brought off.  To those of our  wounded collected at
 Parker's store and Robertson's  tavern, medical  attendance, food  and  medical supplies were furnished by the Confederates in
 the same proportion as to their own.
       Before leaving this subject, it is to be observed that there yvas no interval of importance between the cessation of hostilities
 and the march of the army, such as is usually available to the medical department for the yvithdrawal and care of the yvounded
 after great conflicts.  The yveather, during the 5th, 6th and 7th of May, was Avarm and dry, the nights cool  and producing
 heavy deposits of  deyv, and the roads good, although someyvhat dusty.
       During the  morning of the 8th of May, the Cavalry Corps attacked the enemy on the Spottsylvania Court-house road,
 and about two hundred and fifty yvounded were soon collected at  Brown's house, half a mile northeast of Todd's tavern.  At
 that point, their wounds were dressed, and hot soup and coffee distributed; after yvhich, they yvere  placed in ambulances and
 yvagons, and sent on  as fast as possible to join the main train of yvounded then moving towards Fredericksburg.  The Cavalry
 Corps  withdrew at ten o'clock A. M., its place being taken up by the Fifth Corps, and moved towards Fredericksburg, guarding
 the left flank and  rear of the army.  The Fifth Corps met  the enemy about eleven o'clock A. M., and a sharp engagement
 ensued. The men of this corps yvere much  fatigued, having been on the  road all night.  The clay was hot and  sultry, and
 the roads very dusty, yvhile dense yvoods  on fire in many places covered the country,  preventing  the free  circulation of air
 or the  dissipation of the clouds of dust raised by the moving troops.  Some confusion occurred  in'the beginning of the  battle,
 the  force  of the enemy being stronger than was at  first  supposed,  and a skirmish line yvas therefore formed in the rear,
 yvhich  drove forward all stragglers, alloyving none to fall back except those Avho Avere so severely wounded as to be unable to
 walk.   These last Avere hastily collected  into  little groups in hollows by the  roadside, which afforded protection  against
 musketry.   Haversacks and full canteens yvere furnished, and a medical officer  left with each  group.   As soon as the line
 of battle ceased to advance, all  the wounded yvere collected at four depots in the woods, by the side of the road to Todd's
 tavern and  Spottsylvania Court-house, near  the crossing of the Block-house road.  All  the ambulances were  absent, being
 engaged in  conveying  tbe wounded of the battle of the Wilderness to Fredericksburg, and much confusion and delay in  the
 collection of the wounded occurred in consequence.  Slightly yvounded men yvere straggling over the country in every direction
 except toyvards the front, yvhile from tyvo to four soldiers sometimes left the ranks with severely yvounded men.  The regular
 stretcher-bearers of the ambulance corps labored faithfully, but the number of yvounded was so large,  and the distance over
 yvhich they had to  be carried yvere so great,  that the  evils above mentioned could not be prevented.  The medicine, hospital
 and commissary yvagons could not be brought  up, as  the  roads  were blocked with artillery and moving columns of troops.
 By nine o'clock p. m., hoyvever, about one thousand three hundred of the wounded of this corps had been collected, the hospital
 trains had been brought up and three thousand four hundred rations distributed.  A large portion  of the Avounds Avere slight
 in their character,  and about one hundred yvere self-inflicted.
      The Second Corps engaged the enemy on  the Catharpin road during the afternoon, and had about one hundred and fifty
 wounded, of whom thirty fell into the hands of the enemy.  The remainder yvere brought off, and made  comfortable at a
 temporary  hospital established  near Grey's  house.   The Sixth  Corps had  about one hundred wounded cared for. in  its
 temporary  hospitals by night-fall.  The ambulances of the Second and Sixth Corps yvere absent, as in the  case of the Fifth
 Corps,  but as they had  comparatively feyv Avounded, the evil results were  not so great.  In order as far as possible, to meet  the
 emergency arising from the absence of ambulances, the following  order was issued by the  commanding general after the state
 of affairs had been brought to his notice:  " Headquarters army of the Potomac, May 8, 1864, 3.45 P. m.  All ambulances and
 spring  wagons, of every description  whatever, noAV in use at any headquarters, or by any officer of the army, for the trans-
portation of baggage or for any other purposes, will immediately be turned over to the medical director for the transportation
of the wounded.  The empty  wagons of the  supply trains  will be substituted for the ambulances  and spring wagon's above-
        20 
154                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY  OF THE  POTOMAC,  lrtf.4.
ed.  It is expected that this order yvill be promptly complied Avith by every officer concerned.  By command of Major
 Meade.  (Signed) S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant General."  In accordance Avith this order, the spring yvagons were
mentioned.
General Meade.  (Signed)  S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant General."  In accordance yvith this order, the spring yvagons were
turned over to the corps medical directors in the course of the evening.  The Second Corps furnished sixteen; the Fifth Corps
fifteen;  and the Sixth Corps, ten.  Fifteen spring wagons and ambulances turned  over from  general headquarters Avere kept
together as a reserve train,  under the orders of the medical  director, to be used when and yvhere they might be most needed
These spring yvagons Avere  a good substitute for ambulances, and Avere of great use in the emergency.
      During the 9th of May, the army remained quiet.  Rations and ammunition Avere issued to the troops, and the army
wagons thus emptied Avere turned over to the medical department in the evening, to be used for the removal of yvounded during
the following days.
      The Cavalry Corps moved off in the morning, for the purpose of passing around  the  Confederate army and marching
toAvards Richmond.   Surgeon R. W. Pease, U. S. V., the corps  medical director, being unable to accompany the corps on
account of illness, Assistant  Surgeon George M. McGill, U. S. A., was  made acting medical director of the corps, and  his
report of the expedition is appended to this report.
      Early on the morning  of the 9th, the hospitals of the Fifth Corps Avere established on a grassy laAvn around (Win's
house,  situated on the Block-house road, a mile and a half in the rear of the line of battle.  Water yvas abundant and of good
quality, and the location Avas excellent in every respect.  The hospitals of the Second Corps Avere established near those of  the
Fifth Corps in open ground on the south branch of the Ny river. The  Sixth Corps hospitals yvere placed in the pine woods
on the  Court-house and Piney Branch church road, half a mile  north of the intersection of the Block-house  road.  All  the
wounded Avere transferred to  these points during the day by means  of the spring Avagons and stretchers.  Abundance of all
kinds of supplies Avere on hand, including ice, there  being several Avell  filled  ice houses in the vicinity.  Large  numbers of
blankets and shelter tents, Avhich had been dropped and abandoned in the yvoods by stragglers and yvounded, yvere collected and
brought to the hospitals by the attendants and the field music, who, in some instances, were regularly deployed as skirmishers,
and sent through the yvoods for that purpose.  About twenty-five thousand blankets and five hundred shelter tents were obtained
in this  manner.  The only fighting during the day yvas betyveeen the pickets and sharpshooters, in yvhich, hoyvever, yve sustained
a heavy loss in the death of Major General John Sedgyvick,  commanding the Sixth Corps, yvho was killed by a sharpshooter
about eleven o'clock, A. M.  His death Avas almost instantaneous, the ball entering just beloAV the left eye, and traversing the base
of the brain.  Six ambulances belonging to the artillery reserve were  captured during the day.  They had been sent to assist in
the removal of wounded; but the ambulance officer  in charge, Lieutenant Holzburn,  mistook the  road, and moved towards
Chancellorsville, near which point the train yvas seized by a party of the enemy's cavalry.  The greater part of the ambulances
sent to  Fredericksburg returned during the night of May 9th.  The horses were greatly exhausted by the severe and continuous
labor yvhich they had been compelled to perform, and yvere  badly in need of rest.  All the hospital supplies in the  ambulances
had been removed at Fredericksburg.  During the morning of May 10th, orders were issued and arrangements  made to send
to tbe rear the wounded in  the field hospitals, using for that purpose the army yvagons yvhich had been emptied by the issue of
the rations and ammunition of the previous day, and yvhich were going to Fredericksburg for fresh supplies.  No amhulances or
spring Avagons were sent, as a general engagement yvas going on at the time, and all Avere needed at the front.  The train Avas
organized at Silver's house, near which the main trains of the army were parked,  and moved from  that point at five o'clock
p. M., Surgeon R. W. Pease, U. S. V., being in charge.  The number of Avounded sent  in this train, as reported by the corps
medical directors, was as folloAvs: Second Corps, one hundred and tAventy-five Avounded,  using thirty-two wagons;  Fifth army
Corps, fourteen hundred and  nineteen wounded, in one hundred and  ninety-six wagons;  Sixth Army Corps, one hundred and
fifty  yvounded, in thirty-five Avagons; total, sixteen hundred and ninety-four yvounded and two hundred and sixty-three wagons.
To the above reported numbers should be added about six hundred slightly wounded, yvho moved yvith the train, most ot them
from the day's engagement, and who, not having been  to the field hospitals, yvere not accounted for by the corps medical directors,
which yvould make the total number sent tyvo thousand tyvo hundred and ninety-four. The wagons were bedded yvith straw and
small evergreen boughs, covered with blankets and shelter tents, and carried from three  to five  men each, hard bread boxes
being used as seats for those who yvere able to sit up.  Four thousand rations were sent Avith the  train, and medical officers and
attendants in the  same proportion as in the first train from the Wilderness.  No escort was sent, as the movements of the Cavalry
Corps on the left Avere thought to afford sufficient protection.  This train reached Fredericksburg Avithout trouble on  May 10th at
eleven  o'clock P. m., having halted once on the road to furnish soup and coffee to  the Avounded.  Tavo general assaults yvere
made on the enemy's line during the day, the principal one about four o'clock P. M.   The corps hospitals remained as established
on the 9th, the advance depots being along the banks of the Po river.   The character of the country yvas essentially the same as
about the Wilderness, but the ground was loyver and more marshy.   Small open spaces existed at intervals, in yvhich artillery
could be used, but the greater part of the engagement occurred in the woods, in which the dense undergroyvth of hazel  and
scrub oak  precluded the use of every arm but the musket.   By nine  o'clock P. M., there had been collected and brought to the
field  hospitals  the  folloyving number of Avounded:  Second  Corps, eight hundred;   Fifth Corps, three hundred; Sixth
Corps,  two hundred; number of yvounded  straggling, estimated, six hundred; total wounded, May 10th, nineteen hundred.
A number of  the  wounded of the Second Corps fell into the hands  of  the  enemy,  when the corps  withdrew in  the
evening to the north bank of the Po.  The number so lost is estimated to have been three hundred.   The train of the medical
purveyor yvas at this time at Silver's, four miles only from the hospitals, and large  issues  were made during the day. especially
for the  purpose of refilling the ambulance boxes which had  been emptied at Fredericksburg.   All the hospitals yvere supplied
with ice, lemons, canned peaches, jellies, hospital clothing, etc., in addition to the hospital stores usually furnished under such
circumstances.  The duties of the medical officers attached  to the field hospital during the day were extremely arduous, and
their satisfactory performance merits the highest praise.   Many of  their associates had been sent off Avith the first train of
yvounded,  or detailed to remain with those left in the Wilderness, and the remainder, yvorn  out by five  days and nights of constant
labor, had not only to organize a large train of wounded, but to receive and care for an equal number from the front.  On the
11th of May, another train of yvounded Avas organized  and  sent to Fredericksburg under  Assistant Surgeon Du  Bois, I.. 
PlateX
Appendix to Parti M<?3 _- "'^7? Tils'*
r
A. 2d Corps Ho-pital.
B.5^  do   do.
C. 6^  do   do.
D. 6^  do   do, Mayf.
n  Advance Depots.
     Ambulance Ttoads.
         MAP
of the BATTLEFIELD of the
  WILDERNESS
  JZackS-mitU
TaMty-'s JUilZi/.
  i> idem Stay.
.•iiexs del. 
 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR McPARLIN.
155
S. A., Silver's being again the point of rendezvous.  The number sent was as follows:  Second Corps,  one thousand and
eighty, using  eighty-six  ambulances and  seventy-three wagons; Fifth Corps, four hundred  and sixty-seven, using ninety
ambulances and tyventy-nine wagons; Sixth Corps, nine hundred, using eighty ambulances  and sixty-two wagons;  total,
two thousand four hundred and forty-seven,  using  tyvo hundred and fifty-six  ambulances and one hundred and  sixty-four
yvagons.  The army yvagons yvere bedded in  the usual manner, and the ambulances used only for the most serious cases;  of
yvhich, hoyvever, there were a large number.  Tyvo  days' rations and the usual proportion of medical  officers and attendants
accompanied the train.   This train yvas four miles long, and had to  be collected  and organized  in the midst of a heavy storm,
which began about three o'clock P. m., and  continued all night yvith but little cessation.  It left Silver's about nine o'clock p. M.,
but yvhen yvithin four miles of Fredericksburg, was halted and compelled to wait four hours, until a guard could be sent,
so that it did not reach its destination until  six o'clock A. m. of the  12th.  As the town was already crowded, only six hundred
of the meist serious cases yvere  left, and the  remainder moved  on to Belle Plain, arriving there about noon.  The  train was
then parked in sections, and the Avounded fed, furnished Avith dry blankets, and made as comfortable as  possible in the Avagons.
Early next  morning, the train  Avas moved to the landing, and the whole day yvas consumed in shipping the Avounded.   The
men in this train  suffered severely from the  wet and cold, and twenty died on the road.  About seven hundred wounded Avere
hrought in from the front on the eleventh.
      Oyving to the yvithdrawal of the Second Corps in the evening, it became necessary to remove the  Sixth  Corps hospitals.
This yvas effected during the night. Next  day, they yvere established near those of the Fifth Corps.   As the Block-house or
direct road  yvas occupied all night by artillery and troops, the hospital train of the Sixth Corps was compelled to make a long
detour by Piney Branch church.  The night yvas  dark and  stormy,xthe roads muddy, and the ambulance  officer in charge of
the train mistook the road, and moved ten miles out of the Avay.   The  result of these delays Avas  that the  hospitals were not
established  until ten o'clock a. m. the following day, and both men and horses yvere fatigued and worn out.
      At daybreak on the 12th, the Second Corps attacked the enemy from their new position on the left, and by eight o'clock
A. M., the engagement had become general, and the yvounded began to pour into the  hospitals.  The advance ambulance depot
of the Second Corps yvas near the Landron house.   The rain of the previous eighteen hours had made  the roads very muddy,
and, in some places, almost impassible for vehicles,  and as  nearly one-half of the ambulances were absent at Fredericksburg,
the duties of those  remaining were very arduous.  The number of yvounded in this day's battle was  large, and the labor of
collecting and bringing them in yvent on until midnight.  The folloAving numbers were received at the  field hospitals:  Second
Corps, eighteen hundred and twenty; Fifth Corps, nine hundred; Sixth  Corps, eight hundred and forty; total, three thousand
five hundred and sixty.   The proportion of severe yvounds was unusually large, not  over one-fourth of the number being able
to yvalk back  to the hospitals.  Tyvo hundred and forty ambulances  collected the remainder.  The  amount  of shock and
depression of vital poAver Avas noticed to be much greater in the wounded of this battle than any preceding one of the campaign,
and more especially so in those of the Second Corps who Avent into action without having the usual morning cup of coffee.  All of the
wounded Avere fed and  sheltered,  and the  majority dressed and  operated upon during the day.  Supplies of every kind were
abundant, yvith the exception of dry clothing and blankets, for yvhich the demand was very great.   Fortunately, the night was
not cold, and as stimulants and hot soup and coffee yvere abundant  and  freely administered, the suffering from this cause was
not severe.  The hospitals of the Sixth Corps had to be pitched upon Avet and muddy ground, but by the use of boards obtained
from an adjacent saw-mill, india-rubber blankets and evergreen boughs, the  condition of the yvounded  in them yvas rendered
very tolerable.   On the 13th, another train of ambulances and army wagons, obtained from tbe supply trains, yvas organized to
convey wounded to Fredericksburg, Surgeon Martin, U. S. Volunteers, being in charge.  The number sent was as follows:
Second Corps, eighteen hundred  and forty-three,  using forty-seven ambulances and one hundred and seventy-five wagons;
Fifth Corps, five hundred and fifty, using  thirty-five ambulances and twenty wagons; Sixth Corps, eight hundred, using forty
ambulances and fifty wagons; total,  three thousand  one hundred and ninety three,  using  one hundred  and twenty-two
ambulances and two  hundred and forty-five  wagons.  One day's rations and the usual proportion of medical  officers and
attendants yvere sent yvith the  train, which yvas collected at Silver's, leaving that place at nine o'clock p. M., and reaching
Fredericksburg early the folloyving morning.   The wounded on this train suffered very much;  it rained all night; tbe men yvere
wet  and chilled, and it yvas impossible to  supply them with hot food on the  road.  Fourteen  men  died during the trip.   The
necessity of sending off as many as possible, hoyvever, was imperative,  as the army moved during the  night of the  13th, and
the ground  occupied by the hospitals was then abandoned to the enemy.  No more ambulances  could be spared, as there yvere
still some yvounded lying on the field to be brought in, and a general engagement was expected on  the  following day, while a
large portion of the ambulances were already absent.  Every wagon was obtained from  tbe quartermaster's department which
could possibly be  emptied, but four hundred and tAventy of the wounded of the Fifth Corps  and two  hundred  of the Second
Corps had to be left on account of lack of  transportation.    Tents, medical officers and attendants,  dressings, medical supplies
and three days' rations were left with them.
      On the evening of the 14th, a body of the  enemy's cavalry, commanded  by Colonel Rosser, entered the hospitals and
removed all the Confederate wounded who could walk, about eighty in number,  and  also all stragglers  and hospital attendants
who wore no distinctive badge. The soldiers of this squadron carried off the greater part of the rations left for the wounded-
As soon as  these facts were reported, a regiment of the  Second Corps was  sent to drive off the  marauders, who had gone,
however, before our troops arrived.  Surgeon Thomas Jones, 8th Pennsylvania Reserves, who had been left with the wounded
in the Fifth Corps hospital, was killed by one of the men of this regiment, who, in the darkness, supposed him to be a guerilla.
Additional rations were left with the wounded, and the regiment withdrawn about noon on the 15th, following the Second Corps,
which had moved  still father to the left.
      On tbe evening of May 16th, a train  of two  hundred ambulances was sent out, and brought off all  the wounded left at
Cossin's, together with the tents  and remaining hospital stores.  The 2d division, Second Corps, under command of  General
Gibbon, moved out at the same  time  toyvards the  right in such a manner as to protect the train.  The removal was effected
without difficulty, and the wounded, after  having been fed and dressed, were sent directly to Fredericksburg.  The hospitals of 
 lf)(>                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY  OF THE  POTOMAC,   1801.

 the Second Corps, after leaving Cossin's, Avere at first established at the Armstrong house; on the l.r>th, they yvere moved to the
 vicinity of the Beverly house, on the Spedtsylvania Court-house and Fredericksburg turnpike.   The hospitals of the Filth and
 Sixth Corps were also situated near the same point.  The Avagons of the  medical  purveyor moved te> Fredericksburg on the
 l.")th, and yvere refilled yvith their original supply.  They remained at that point until the 21st,  and  huge issues yvere made in
 the interval, advantage being taken of this period of comparative quiet to replenish the division hospital and brigade supplies
 A number of  neAV troops joined the army at this time, and were found  to be  entirely unprovided yvith medical stores of any
 kind or yvith  means of  transportation  for Avounded or supplies.   They yvere, however, fully provided for and equipped  on the
 same basis as  the rest of the army.
       On the morning of the 18th, the Second Corps moved to the right and attacked the enemy's yvorks.  Five hundred and
 fifty-tyvo yvounded were the result, and the character of the wounds yvas unusually severe, a large proportion  beino- caused by
 shell and canister.  During the evening of the  18th and morning of the 19th, the corps hospitals Avere moved to the left  and
 established on the Massaponax church road, north  of the Anderson house.   This removal yvas fortunate, as they thus escaped
 from the confusion caused  by the  enemy's attack on the evening of the 19th.  This attack was repulsed bv heavv artillery
 regiments, armed as infantry, yvho had lately joined the army, and for many of Avhom it Avas the first battle.  The total number of
 Avounded from this affair Avas eleven  hundred, most of yvhom yvere  able to Avalk back to the field  hospitals, being hit in the
 hands and arms.   In many of these cases, the skin was so blackened yvith poAvder as to prove that the injury yvas self-inflicted
 either by design or accident.  Very many ot the yvounded came into the hospitals yvith extemporaneous tourniquets tightly
 applied,  and their hands and forearms syvollen and  livid in consequence.  Dread of haemorrhage is simply another proof of the
 inexperience of troops.  This yvas the last of the series of battles about Spottsylvania Court-house, the army moving on the 21st
 towards  the North Anna.   No large trains of Avounded Avere organized after the 13th, as the road to Fredericksburg yvas open
 and safe, and the corps medical directors sent their Avounded off as fast as they Avere received and  means of transportation
 could be procured.   The  total number sent from the 14th to the 20th, as appears by the daily reports, yvas two thousand tyvo
 hundred and twelve,  including those brought in from Cossin's house.  An estimate of the number killed, yvounded and missing
 in the battles  around Spottsylvania Court-house, Virginia, is given in the folloAving statement, Avhich does not include the losses
 of General Burnside's command: Number of Avounded, according to classified returns, nine thousand  and thirty-one; number
 of Avounded, straggling and unrecorded, one thousand five hundred ; total, ten thousand five  hundred and thirty-one.   Number
 of killed, according to regimental reports, one  thousand seven  hundred and eighty-one; missing, two thousand and seventy-
 seven.  Total loss, fourteen thousand  three hundred and eighty-nine.  After  the 9th  of May, everything connected yvith  the
 medical  department worked smoothly, supplies Avere plentiful, and all the wounded Avere as yvell cared for as it is possible for
 them to  be on the  battle-field.  The greatest yvant  yvas of medical  officers, as a large number yvere necessarily kept  on duty at
 Fredericksburg, and  those yvho remained yvith the  army became yveary. yvith constant  labor.  The corps of medical  inspectors
 usually remained about the hospital and superintended the transportation of wounded; they also made daily reports to this
 office of  the number of  yvounded received, sent  off, etc., during the day.  The plan of drawing medical  supplies by brigades
 was found to  be inconvenient, the surgeons in charge of division hospitals making all requisitions and performing  the duties
 of sub-purveyors.  To render the commissary department of the field hospitals as complete as possible, the folloyving order yvas
 issued: "Special Order No.  136.   Headquarters  army of the Potomac, May  16, 1861.   Corps  commanders will cause a
 lieutenant to be detailed from each division of their command, yvho yvill be charged with the duty of supplying the hospital of
 the  division yvith the subsistence stores needed.  The officer so detailed will report to  the surgeon in charge of  the division
 hospital, and make his requisitions for supplies on the chief commissary of the corps.  By command of Major General Meade.
 (Signed) S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant General." The practical  results of this order will be commented upon in a subsequent
 part of this report.
       When  the artillery reserve yvas broken up, its medical and hospital property and  ambulance train Avere divided equally
 among the infantry corps, and twenty-four neAV ambulances received  from Washington were sent to Fredericksburg  for the
 use of Surgeon E.  B. Dalton, U. S. V.  In sending the yvounded from  the  field hospitals to  the rear, medical officers yvere
 instructed, in  accordance yvith orders issued by the  commanding general, to retain all cases of slight wounds, and such as would
 soon be able to return to duty. This was found to be very difficult to effect, as the men yvould slip  off in the night, and no
 guard could be  kept over  them.   No special authority yvas  given during  this  period to send  off sick, but the responsibility
 of so doing Avas assumed in some instances by the surgeons in charge of hospitals, and about five hundred seriously sick men
 yvere thus sent from  the army.   A much larger number than this is reported to have been sent from Fredericksburg.  The
 discrepancy yvill be explained in  the  account of the operations of the  medical department at that point.  The only loss of
 property sustained by the medical department during this period Avas that of the  six ambulances of the artillery reserve  before
 mentioned, one yvagon, filled Avith medical  supplies belonging  to  the Second Corps, Avhich stuck  fast in  the mud and  was
 abandoned, and the horses of tyvelve ambulances yvhich were captured by guerillas on the Fredericksburg road, the ambulances
 themselves being recovered.  In the meantime,  a series of depot hospitals had been organized at Fredericksburg, Virginia, by
 Surgeon  E. B. Dalton, U. S. V., yvho reached that place yvith the first train of yvounded on the 9th of  May.   All the churches,
 warehouses and  convenient dyvellings  in the place were immediately occupied for hospital purposes, each corps organization
 being kept distinct as far as possible.  The character of the buildings selected yvas generally good, and  the ventilation sufficient,
 but as yvounded  continued to  arrive in large numbers, close packing became necessary, and the usual results of overcrowding
began to  be apparent.  The ground occupied was elevateel, well-drained, and there was an abundance of good water.  Supplies
 of all  kinds arrived  at Belle Plain on the  10th  and  11th of May,  and  yvere brought to Fredericksburg as  rapidly as
transportation  could be  procured.  Schedule C, appended to this  report, shows the character  and  amount of these supplies.
 The stores sent yvith the first train, and those contained in the ambulance boxes, served for the necessities of the Avounded until
 supplies could be brought from Belle Plain.  The Avounded officers  Avere at first billeted upon the inhabitants of the toAvn, yvho,
 as a general rule, received them kindly and treated them yvell, although, at  first, sejme of the citizens seemed inclined to make
trouble.  After the  first week, an  officer's  hospital  yvas estabUshed, and medical officers specially detailed for duty in it.  By 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  McPARLIN.
157
 the 13th,  the condition of the Avounded in Fredericksburg Avas comparatively comfortable, and the supply of all necessary
 articles Avas abundant;  straAV, for bedding, and stationery were the articles of Avhich there was the greatest lack.  The number
 of Avounded at  that date Avas about six thousand, but the number fluctuated almost hourly, and it was impossible to prepare
 accurate daily reports.  The greatest deficiency yvas in medical officers, those who accompanied the trains being greatly fatigued
 and insufficient in number. Fifty medical officers in all Avere sent from the front, being all that could possibly be  spared.  A
 number of medical men (civilians) came doAvn from  Washington as volunteers  for the emergency, and rendered material and
 valuable service in a professional yvay.  *   *
       The yvounded from the front arrived, as a general rule, in very good condition, those in the trains of the 11th and  13th
 being excepted  for reasons already stated.  A large  number of sick and slightly wounded, many of  the latter  self-mutilated,
 did not go to the field hospitals, nor accompany the regular trains, but straggled to Fredericksburg and thence to Belle Plain,
 relying upon the agents of the Sanitary Commission for food, and keeping as much as  possible out of the yvay of medical
 officers.  About five thousand  of these men yvere in Fredericksburg at different times, and the tales invented by them for the
 purpose of exciting the compassion of citizens and strangers gave rise to many of the false reports of  suffering and  destitution
 among the Avounded Avhich for a time yvere prevalent at the north.  Nearly all the slightly Avounded  passed directly through to
 Belle Plain, from which place they yvere sent to AVashington as fast as boats could be procured, and  at the rate of about fifteen
 hundred daily.   From  information received from Surgeon R. 0. Abbott, U. S. A.,  medical director department of Washington,
 it appears that fourteen thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight yvounded  had been received  into the Washington hospitals
 by the evening  of the 18th of May.  About six hundred malingerers and stragglers had also been received and turned over to
 the provost marshal for safe keeping.  These malingerers probably passed up on the first boats, succeeding in  getting off by
 the aid of bloody bandages and judicious  limping.  After the first three days, all men yvere carefully examined by a medical
 officer before they Avere alloAved to pass to the boats.  Lieutenant Colonel Cuyler,  Acting Medical Inspector General U. S. A.,
 came to Belle Plain Avith the first boats, and remained directing operations at that point until all the Avounded Avere  sent away.
 A camp Avas formed of  the sick and  slightly yvounded, and rations drawn for them by Colonel Cuyler, which were cooked and
 distributed by the Sanitary Commission.  The obstacles to the  removal of  the more seriously yvounded by yvay of Belle Plain
 were very great, and it yvould certainly have caused the death of a large number had their removal been attempted.   The
 road between that  point  and Fredericksburg Avas, to a considerable extent, corduroyed, very rough, and could not  have been
 improved  by any means then available.  But one small wharf existed at Belle Plain, and at this all the supplies of the army had
 to be landed. These facts yvere duly represented to the authorities at Washington, and the more serious cases, such as compound
 fractures,  etc., yvere retained at Fredericksburg until the Rappahannock yvas rendered passable by the gunboats, which  was
 effected by the20th, and until the railroad to Aquia Creek was put in running order, which Avas completed by the 22d.  The light-
 draught steamers, with  barges, were used to remove the Avounded by the river, the larger hospital transports remaining below
 at Tappahannock, Avhere  the wounded yvere transferred  to them.   These hospital transports yvere the steamers Connecticut and
 State of Maine. They yvere completely fitted up yvith  beds, cooking apparatus  and everything pertaining to the care  and
 comfort of the sick.  The necessity for a  large and complete hospital organization soon became apparent, and, on the 15th,
 requisitions yvere forwarded for five hundred hospital tents and a  corresponding amount of bedding and hospital furniture.
 These  began to  arrive on  the 19th, and by the 22d, a complete tent-hospital for each corps had been  pitched, and the yvounded
 transferred to them.  Erysipelas and a mild form of hospital gangrene had just  began to make their appearance  among the
 yvounded,  but their removal from buildings  to tents almost checked the disease.  The removal of the wounded yvent on yvith
 great rapidity after the opening of the railroad, and by the 27th of May, all  had been sent off except eight Confederates,  yvho
 were moribund.  All the hospital tents and stores were packed on boats and barges, and, on the 28th, the organization started
 for the White House.
       Deficiency in the means of transportation was a  serious evil  at Fredericksburg, and .yvas the cause of the partial  lack
 of supplies for the first  yveek.   All the ambulances and army Avagons Avhich  could be obtained, including those left  behind by
 the Cavalry Corps, Avere at first kept constantly employed in the collection and removal of the wounded Avho had been left in
 the Wilderness,  and in conveying supplies to those who could not be brought ayvay.  It must be remembered, also, that all the
 sick of General Burnside's command Avere  in  Fredericksburg, and were supplied and  removed by the stores  anel boats
 furnished  to the army  of the  Potomac.  After the 15th,  soft bread Avas issued to the hospitals;  ice-houses in the vicinity
 furnished an abundant supply of ice, and stores and supplies of all kinds Avere superabundant.
      The total number of wounded sent from Fredericksburg and Belle Plain is shoAvn in the folloyving  statement: Total
 number of wounded received in Washington from Fredericksburg, as reported by Surgeon R. O. Abbott, U. S. A., twenty-one
 thousand nine hundred and sixty-six; number of sick received, four thousand two  hundred and  tyventy-five; total number
 of sick and yvounded, twenty-six thousand one hundred and ninety-one.   In addition to the above, Doctor Abbott  reports, as
 before mentioned, the reception of six hundred malingerers, who yvere turned over to the provost marshal, also two  hundred
 and twenty-six  Confederate wounded and ninety-three  Confederate sick; total, three  hundred and nineteen  Confederates.
 It is not possible to state precisely the exact proportion of the above number furnished by the Ninth Corps, but it is believed
 to have been about twenty-two hundred wounded and sixteen  hundred sick.  The figures for the army of the Potomac would
 then be nineteen thousand seven hundred and sixty-six yvounded  and two thousand six hundred and twenty-five sick; total,
 twenty-two thousand three hundred and ninety-one.
      The medical department owes much to the advice and cooperation of Colonel E. Schriver, Inspector General army of the
 Potomac, yvho commanded the post at Fredericksburg, and did everything in his power to facilitate the proper care and transfer
 of the wounded. The  skill, energy and perseverance displayed  by Surgeon E. B. Dalton, U. S. V., in the face of so many
 difficulties  and obstructions, merit the highest praise.
      All the seriously  sick and yvounded had been sent  to Fredericksburg,  and the  field hospital  trains yvere packed and in
park near the Anderson house on the morning of the 21st, in readiness to move  in the rear of the artillery of their respective
corps.  During  the movement to the North Anna, on the 21st and 22d, fifteen ambulances moved in the rear of each division for 
l.r>8                  APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF THE  POTOMAC,  1864.

the purpose of picking up such men as might fall out of the ranks on account of sickness or exhaustion, yvhile the remainjm
ambulances, collected into a corps train, moved yvith the hospital train, and carried the slightly sick and wounded yvho were
not judged to be fit cases to be sent  to Fredericksburg.  A special detail of medical officers and  attendants, furnished yvith all
necessary supplies, moved yvith the  latter  train.   The roads were in good condition, the surface  of the country level, and the
weather yvarm and dry. The number of stragglers, especially on the 22d, was large, and all the  ambulances Avere soon filled
No engagement took  place during the movement, with the exception of a slight cavalry skirmish near Milford, in which fifteen
men yvere wounded.   These men were cared for in the hospitals of the Second Corps, which were situated on the right bank of
the Mattapony, in anticipation  of a battle near that point.  No action occurred, however, and when the corps  moved off. these
yvounded, with  one hundred and thirty-five sick, were  placed in the houses at Milford, medical officers, rations  and supplies
being left yvith them.  They remained at that point until the 25th, and yvere then sent to Port Royal.  During the afternoon of
the 23d, the crossing of the North Anna having been effected  and the enemy met, field hospitals yvere promptly established on
the north bank of the river, those of the Fifth Corps in an open space near some excellent springs, half a mile north of Jericho
Ford, and those of the Second Corps on the Chesterfield Ford road, one mile south of Mount  Carmel church.  The banks of
the river at Jericho  Ford are very high and precipitous,  and the road down either side was" very rough, being partly new
corduroy, and partly a series of rocky steps and  shelves, caused by the irregular yvearing ayvay of the road by a small stream
which floyved down its centre. All the more severely yvounded were, therefore, carried across  the  river on stretchers after
having been brought  from the front to the south bank by ambulances.  As the Fifth Corps not  only held its ground, hut
advanced some distance, all  the yvounded were speedily and easily collected, the total number being tyvo hundred and twenty-
five, of yvhom, one hundred and thirty-one were received  into the hospitals of the Second Corps.  The supplies in  all the
hospitals yvere complete; ice, lemons and clothing were abundant.  As the Sixth Corps had not crossed the river, no hospitals
were established for it.  Its ambulances and hospital yvere kept in park near the Fifth Corps hospitals ready for any emergency.
No general engagement took place from this time until the 27th,  but skirmishing and artillery duels were constantly going on,
and  Avounded  were  brought into  the hospitals every hour.   In  the  meantime, the following  circular had been received:
"Headquarters army of the Potomac, May 22, 1864, 9.15 A.  M.  Instructions have been given to return all empty wagons now at
Fredericksburg and Belle  Plain Landing loaded, after Avhich, so soon as the yvounded are removed from Fredericksburg, that
place  and Belle Plain will  be abandoned, and the depot will be established at Port Royal on the Rappahannock.  By command
of Major General Meade.  (Signed) S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant General."  This circular was immediately sent to Surgeon
Dalton, with directions to have the purveyor's boats and barges transferred at once to Port Royal, and  to send hospital tents and
furniture as fast as they could  be spared by the removal  of yvounded from Fredericksburg.
      On the 24th, a train yvas organized for the purpose of conveying Avounded from the field hospital to Port Royal, Surgeon
A. J.  Phelps, U. S. V., being placed in charge, with orders to proceed  to Port  Royal and  superintend the  operations of the
medical  department at that point until Surgeon  Dalton  should  arrive.   The number sent yvas as folloyvs:  Second Corps,* one
hundred and fifty-seven sick,  two  hundred and eighty-six yvounded, two ambulancee and fifty-three  wagons; Fifth  Corps,
sixty-six sick, two hundred  and tyventy-five wounded, tyventy-one ambulances and fifty-three yvagons; Sixth Corps, sixty-eight
sick, ten yvounded, nineteen ambulances and tyvo yvagons; total, two hundred and ninety-one sick, five hundred and twenty-one
yvounded, forty-tyvo ambulances and one hundred and eight  wagons.  Army wagons were used to as great an extent as possible
in this train, as a great battle seemed imminent, and it Avas  desirable to keep every ambulance at the  front.  The wagons yvere
bedded Avith boughs  and blankets in the usual manner, and  the customary details of medical officers and nurses, with three
days' rations and a supply of dressings and hospital stores, Avere furnished.  The train rendezvoused at Milford, near which
point, the main trains of the army were parked.  A cavalry escort  of four hundred men accompanied  it, and it reached Port
Royal, yvithout molestation, by dusk on the 25th.  On  the 26th of May, an issue of rations Avas made to the troops, and the
empty yvagons thus obtained Avere used to remove sick and wounded to the rear, the field hospital being thus emptied and ready
for the movement to the  Pamunkey on the 27th.  The number sent was  as follows: Second Corps,  eighty-eight sick, two
hundred and thirty-two wounded,  tyvo ambulances and fifty-six wagons;  Fifth Corps, tyventy-four sick, one  hundred and
fourteen  yvounded, tyvo ambulances  and forty-four  yvagons; Sixth   Corps, forty-nine  sick, six ambulances and four yvagons;
Ninth Corps, one  hundred  and one sick, one hundred and  thirty-one wounded, thirty ambulances  and eight yvagons; total,
two hundred and  sixty-two sick, four hundred  and seventy-seven Avounded, forty ambulances and  one hundred and  twelve
yvagons.  This train yvas  loaded by daybreak on the 27th, and moved  directly to Port Royal, arriving at that place, yvithout
hinderance, before dark.   On the 25th of May, an order Avas  issued by  General Grant, adding the Ninth Corps to the army of
tbe Potomac, and  Surgeon J.  E. McDonald, U. S. V., reported to  this  office for  instructions.  An inspection  of the medical
department of this corps by  Assistant  Surgeon J. S. Billings, U. S. A., revealed the folloAving fact:  "This corps had moved
from Annapolis on the last of April,  1864, before any organization had been effected;  had marched and fought almost constantly
since  that  time; neyv troops had been joining it almost daily, and it yvas very difficult to ascertain even the number of men in
the command.  The  means  of transportation possessed by the  corps Avas entirely too small, even to furnish the rations and
ammunition required, and, of course, none could or  would be spared for  the medical department.  The greater number of the
regimental  surgeons had draAvn a full three months' regimental  supply at Annapolis, Avhich had to be left behind, and the only
medical supplies with the corps were contained in  the hospital  knapsacks,  and in a few medicine chests and panniers which
yvere carried by sufferance in the wagons appropriated to officers' baggage, which were almost always inaccessible and useless,
and in tyvelve Dunton medicine yvagons.   The organization of the ambulance corps had  been commenced,  but was still very
imperfect.  The number of ambulances required by law  had been obtained in Washington, but  many of them were broken and
badly in  need of repair; the greater part of the stretchers were missing, very few had water kegs, and no hospital stores were
carried in the ambulance boxes.  Citizens had been  hired as drivers for the  ambulances, but the majority of them had deserted
at Fredericksburg, and their places  filled by the  stretcher-bearers.   The details of stretcher-bearers yvere very incomplete, and
many of those already detailed seemed to have been selected  on  account  of their Avorthlessness  in other situations.  The
                                  * Those left at Milford  on the i!2d are inclueled in this statement. 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  McPARLIN.
159
stretcher-bearers did not follow the regiments into battle, but remained with the ambulances, the evil results of which can easily
he appreciated.  Means of transportation being wanted, no hospital tents, stores or supplies could be carried.   A few tents had
been borroyved, and the Dunton Avagons had furnished all the supplies  used.   The medical staff of the field division hospitals
had been arranged on the same basis as that of the rest of the army; all other medical officers were ordered to remain within
three hundred yards of the line of battle at all times."  It Avas not possible to supply means of transportation at this time, and,
consequently, useless to furnish tents or stores, but requisitions were ordered to be prepared, that they might be furnished as
soon as a more permanent base of supplies should be reached.   The proper organization of the ambulance corps Avas also urged
forward as fast as possible, but much delay occurred in procuring the necessary details,  and nearly a month passed away before
they yvere complete.
      The first train of yvounded, of which Surgeon Phelps yvas in charge, reached Port Royal, as has been before stated, on the
evening of the 25th.  The steamer Hugh Jenkins, loaded yvith hospital supplies, under charge of Assistant  Surgeon Jacquette,
U. S. A., had reached that point a feyv hours before, as had also a barge load of stores  belonging to the Sanitary Commission.
Colonel Cuyler had also arrived, bringing yvith him a number of medical  officers, who were  immediatety employed in dressing
the yvounded.  No buildings had been prepared for their reception, and as it was raining heavily,  it Avas thought best to leave
them in the yvagons and ambulances during the night, hot coffee, soup, etc., being served to them.   On the 26th, they were
removed from the yvagons into the  houses, and made as  comfortable as possible.  No transports arrived  during the day, the
steamer Western Metropolis, yvhich  had been destined for that purpose, being unable to come farther up the river than  Tappa-
hannock.  All the yvounded were dressed and yvell fed during the day.  Early on the morning of the 27th, seven hundred of the
slightly sick and wounded yvere  placed on board the quartermaster's transport  City of Alton, and started for  Washington.
About noon, the hospital transport Connecticut arrived, and all the more serious  cases were placed on board of her at once.
She took a  thousand Avounded to Washington.  The second  train of Avounded arrived in the evening,  and they were at once
placed on board the  Connecticut and State of Maine,  yvhich had arrived  during the afternoon, the latter vessel  carrying four
hundred patients.  The total  number of yvoundeel sent  from  Port Royal was, therefore, twenty-one hundred.   The number
reported by corps  inspectors as sent from  field hospitals  yvas fifteen hundred and fifty-one;  the number straggling was, there-
fore, five hundred and forty-nine.  After the departure of the State of Maine, all the hospital stores were loaded on the  barges,
and yvhen Surgeon  Dalton arrived on the 28th, he  found orders Avaiting for him directing him  to proceed to White  House.
The total loss to the army during this period is shoAvn by the  following statement: Number  killed, according to the regimental
reports, two hundred and tyventy-three; number of yvounded sent off, fourteen  hundred and sixty; number missing, according
to the regimental reports, tyvo hundred and ninety;  total killed, yvounded and missing, nineteen  hundred and seventy-three.
Number of sick sent from the army, six hundred and fifty.  Total loss,  two thousand six hundred and tyventy-three.
      During the movement from the North Anna to the Pamunkey, the ambulances and hospital trains moved in  the  same
manner as in the march from Spottsylvania Court-house, a few ambulances remaining in  the rear of each division, and the
remainder, filled with  slightly sick  and yvounded, accompanying the main train.  The Cavalry Corps had by this time returned
from the Richmond expedition, and two divisions moved in advance.   A large number of the horses had been so much exhausted
as to die on the road, along which they yvere  scattered at tolerable  regular intervals of from fifty to one hundred yards, and
the infantry folloyving had the full benefit of the results of their putrefaction.  This march of thirty miles was  made rapidly
over very dusty roads, and on a hot and sultry day, and  the number of men who fell out of the ranks was very large.  All the
ambulances were filled to overflowing, and a few men yvere unavoidably left behind.   In the  afternoon, the  cavalry engaged
the  enemy near  Hawe's shop, and had  about two hundred  and  fifty wounded.   The  advance hospital  yvas at  a  small
house near Hawe's shop,  and the  greater part of the operating and  dressing required yvas performed at this point.   The
medical officers of this hospital, under the  direction of Assistant  Surgeon George M. McGill, U. S. A., displayed great  gallantry,
as the hospital was  at times under  heavy fire, several shells striking the building, and one falling under the operating table
fortunately, hoyvever, without  exploding.   As the  hospital train of the Cavalry Corps had moved yvith the main trains of tbe
army to Dunkirk, and had not up to this  time joined the command, the  yvounded yvere  at first placed in a large house and
outbuildings belonging to Mrs. Newton, near the Pamunkey, and about tyvo miles distant from the scene of action.  Ten men,
who had been AA-ounded on the previous day in a slight skirmish at  Hanover Town, were also  brought to this point.   The
medical director of the Fifth Corps Avas instructed to take charge of these yvounded, and the hospital  of the 3d division yvas
soon established on the beautifully  shaded lawn in front of the house.  Beds  were made of  corn-husks found in the vicinity,
food yvas prepared and the wounded  yvere made comfortable in the usual  manner.  Surgeon R.  W. Pease, U. S. V.,  medical
director of the Cavalry Corps, joined his command on the 29th.  During the 29th, the army moved into position on Tolopotomoy
Creek.  Sites for the field hospitals were selected, and ambulance roads cut through the woods to the front.  As the train of the
medical purveyor had come up, advantage was taken of the day's quiet to replenish the hospital supplies.  The Fifth Corps
hospitals yvere established near Mrs. Neyvton's, and those of the Second and Sixth Corps in an open space, about one mile east
of the latter point.   On the 30th, the  cavalry moved to  Cool Arbor, where  they had a sharp engagement.  The infantry also
had a series of skirmishing and partial engagements  during the day, from Avhich, about five hundred Avounded were received
into the field hospitals.  The hospital  train of the Cavalry Corps had by this time been brought up, and supplies Avere ample.
The train of the medical purveyor, filled to its utmost capacity, was at Hanover Toyvn  during the day,  and  all medical officers
were duly notified of his position, and ordered to replenish  their supplies.  On the 31st, the  skirmishing continued,  and tbe
Second  Corps advancing, a brisk fight ensued about four o'clock p. m., from yvhich, seven  hundred and thirty-two wounded
were brought in.  The depot hospital boats and barges, together with the transports conveying the  Eighteenth Corps, had
arrived  at White House on the 30th, and, during the  afternoon of the  31st, a train  of ambulances and army yvagons were
organized in the usual manner, for  the purpose of conveying the wounded and seriously sick of the army to that point.  The
train yvas under the  charge  of Assistant Surgeon M.  J. Asch, U. S. A.,  and had, as an escort, several regiments of the
Pennsylvania Reserves, whose term of service had  expired, and who were on their way north.   The number sent was  as
folloAVS: Second Corps, ninety-six sick and four hundred and eighty-six yvounded;  Fifth Corps, five hundred and twenty-five 
1G0
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF  THE POTOMAC,  1864.
yvounded ;  Sixth  Corps, fifty-eight sick and fourteen Avounded ; Ninth Corps, forty sick and  seventy-six yvounded;  total, one
hundred and ninety-four sick and eleven hundred and one wounded.  The train crossed the river at Hanover Toavii during the
day, and moved doAvn the north bank of the river, as the direct road on the south bank Avas not considered safe.  It  reached a
point opposite White  House on the 2d of June.  Three  hundred Avounded of the Cavalry Corps were sent by the direct road
and reached White House on the 1st.
      During the night of the 31st of May, the Sixth Corps moved from the right to Cool Arbor, passing behind the army via
Old church.  The Eighteenth Corps, which had made a forced march from White House, joined it on the morning of June 1st
and during the afternoon, a general engagement took place.  The  Sixth Corps  hospitals were situated in the edge of a grove
of pines, on the south side of Cool Arbor and  Old Church road, near  Burnett's house.  Tents were pitched, and supplies on
hand as usual.  The Eighteenth Corps Avere entirely yvithout tents, and yvithout any supplies but such as were carried in hospital
knapsacks.  They had but eighteen ambulances.  Their wounded were collected on a hill-side, near Kelly's house, half a mile
northeast of Cool Arbor.  The number of  yvounded brought in during the day was as folloyvs: Second Corps, one hundred
and seventy-four; Fifth Corps, one hundred and fifty-one; Sixth Corps, nine hundred and fifty-one;  Eighteenth Corps  eight
hundred; Ninth Corps, forty-nine ; total, two thousand one hundred and  twenty-five.   The medical director of the Eighteenth
Corps reports the number of wounded  as  four hundred  and twenty-nine, but this  is certainly inaccurate.  A part of the
ambulances of the Sixth Corps  were employed in bringing in the yvounded of the Eighteenth Corps, and as the hospital train of
the former  contained a full supply for at least four thousand yvounded, orders were given to Surgeon Suckley, medical director
of the Eighteenth Corps, to obtain a full  supply of all necessary articles from that source.  An order Avas also issued to the medical
director by Major  General  Wright, commanding the Sixth Corps, that any commissary of the corps should  furnish  Avhatever
rations might be required for by Doctor Suckley.  The only means of shelter yvhich could  be furnished yvere such shelter-tent*
as  could be picked up  on  the  battle-field, and small arbors of evergreens, yvhich served to keep off the sun's rays.   The
Eighteenth Corps  was on the right of the Sixth, and betAveen  it and the Fifth  there was  an interval of about two miles.  A
number of  the Avounds in  the  Sixth  Corps were caused by our own artillery, which was  so posted as to fire over the heads
of our troops.  The Fifth Corps hospitals, near Mrs. Newton's, were broken up on the morning of the 1st, the Avounded having
been sent off  in the train before mentioned.   They Avere re-established during the day near Mrs. Via's, in open ground, with a
good  and abundant  supply of water.  The Second Corps hospitals were broken up in the afternoon, and followed the corps,
which moveel  during the night  to Allen's hill, and took up a position on tbe  left of the  Sixth Ceirps, its left being backwards,
and resting on a marsh  called Elder SAvamp.   The 1st  and 2d elivisions of the Cavalry  Corps picketed from the left of the
Second  Corps to Bottom's  bridge  on the  Chickahominy, while the 3d division extended from the right of the Ninth Corps
toyvards the Pamunkey.  The trains of the  army moved  to Anderson's,  half a mile from Parsley's mill.
      General headquarters, on the night of the 1st of June, yvas at Mrs. Via's.   Early in the morning of the 2d, it moved to
the vicinity of the  Sixth Corps  hospital, one mile east of Cool Arbor.  During the 2d of June, the battle continued, the Sixth
and Eighteenth Corps chiefly being engaged.  The men of the Second Corps yvere exhausted  by the march of the  previous
night, and  diel little more than get into position.  The Ninth Corps  was withdrayvn during  the forenoon, and moved into line in
the gap betAveen the Fifth and Eighteenth Corps; its hospitals yvere established near Woody's.  This withdrayval exposed the
hospitals of the Fifth Corps, and they were moved during the afternoon to the point at which the Prospect chinch road crosses
the south branch of the Matadequin creek.   This location yvas selected by Major  General Warren, who was deceived as to its
relative position by the extremely erroneous map of that part of the country.  It Avas five  miles from  the line of battle e>f the
corps, and  there yvas no good and safe road from it to the front.  This hospital was moved  just in time, as the enemy occupied
the ground around Vin's house  by five o'clock p. m.  The right wing of the Fifth Corps was attacked about four.o'clock P. m.,
and partially outflanked, the regular brigade suffering severely.
      The Second Corps hospitals were established in the evening on the bank of a small  creek, half  a mile  south of Allen's
mills, and directly opposite the Sixth Corps hospitals.  Four hundred wounded were brought in the ambulances from tbe former
legation. The number of wounded brought in during the day was as folloAvs:  Second  Corps, twenty; Fifth Corps, fifty;
Sixth Corps, nine hundred and  fifty-two; Ninth corps, one hundred and ninety; Eighteenth Corps, eight hundred and fifty;
Cavalry Corps, forty-five;  total, tyvo thousand and  seventeen.  The day was hot and  sultry, and yvherever troops or wagons
were moving, the dust hung in  dense clouds.  About five o'clock p. m., however, it began to rain, and continued to do so, yvith
slight intermissions, all night, which was a great comfort to both men and animals.  By order of General Meade a full issue of
rations was made on the evening of the 2d,  and the empty  wagons turned over to the medical department for the transportation
of wounded.   A train of army wagons  and ambulances was organized on the morning of the 3d in the usual manner and under
the usual orders.  The number  of wounded sent was as follows :   Second Corps, seven  hundred and sixty-eight; Fifth Corps,
tAvo hundred and thirty -five; Sixth  Corps,  seven  hundred and ninety; Ninth  Corps, eighty-four; Eighteenth Corps,  three
hundred; total, two thousand one hundred and seventy-seven.  At half past five o'clock a.  m., a general attack yvas  made by
the army on the enemy's Avorks, which consisted of tiers  of rifle-pits, having behind  them a continuous line of breastworks,
solidly constructed of pine logs and earth, the top log  raised, in some instances, so that the musket might be  fired  under it.
The Second Corps, at first,  met  yvith partial success, carrying the first line of yvorks, but these were so enfiladed that they were
compelled to fall back, leaving a large number  of dead and wounded.  The  number of yvounded brought off was as follows:
Second Corps, one thousand two hundred and eighty; Fifth Corps,  three hundred and twenty-two;  Sixth Corps, four hundred
and eighty-nine; Ninth Corps, six hundred  and forty-six; Eighteenth Corps, fifty one; Cavalry Corps, tyventy-eight;  total, two
thousand eight hundred and sixteen.  The hospitals of the Fifth, Sixth and Second Corps Avere fully prepared for the emergency,
and their supply was so complete that they were able to spare freely for the necessities of the other corps.  The usual  results of
the lack of  an ambulance organization were painfully perceptible in  the Eighteenth Corps, two or three soldiers leaving the
ranks yvith  each severely yvounded man, and forgetting to return, yvhile the roads and yvoods yvere lined with stragglers, as the
slightly  yvounded preferred  to go back to White House on foot rather than to go  to  a hospital  yvhere they knew there yvas no
shelter and but scanty supplies.   A part of the stores of  the Eighteenth Corps arrived from White House during the day, and 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR McPARLIN.
161
among them, forty hospital tent-flies, yvhich, being pitched end to end and the sides fastened to a railing raised tyvo feet from the
ground, formed a series of very excellent hospital wards.   About eleven hundred yvounded were left on the field from the day's
engagement, it being impossible to remove them, as they were betyveen the lines, and completely covered by the enemy's sharp-
shooters.   The result of the battle was not decisive, the enemy retaining  his original position at nightfall, while the hostile lines
were, at some points,  not more than a hundred yards  apart, each being  protected by breastworks of logs and earth.  On the
4th of June there yvas no fighting except an  occasional skirmish between the pickets.   The day was occupied in collecting and
bringing in from the field as many of the wounded from the preceding day's battle as could be gotten  at.  The number brought
in was as folloyvs:  Second Corps, four hundred and ninety-four; Fifth Corps, three hundred and twenty-two; Sixth Corps, one
hundred and fifty-four; Ninth Corps, tyventy-five; Eighteenth Corps, seven hundred and six ; total, one thousand seven hundred
and one.   One hundred empty army yvagons, obtained from the reserve supply train on the  morning of the 4th, were divided
among the several corps, and the corps medical directors were ordered to send all wounded to  White House, using one-half ot
the ambulances if necessary.  Forty-three new ambulances, yvhich reported on the  morning of tbe 4th, were sent to the medical
director of the Eighteenth Corps to assist in  the same work.  Each medical director also had all the corps empty wagons.  All
the trains  were loaded and on the yvay by tyvo  o'clock P. m.   The number sent off yvas as follows:  Second Corps, seventeen
sick, six hundred and six wounded, using twenty-nine ambulances  and eighty-four wagons;  Fifth Corps, forty-three sick, four
hundred and tyventy wounded, using sixty-six ambulances and forty wagons; Sixth Corps, eighty-seven sick, six hundred and
thirty-nine wounded,  using sixty ambulances and sixty-four yvagons; Ninth Corps, fourteen  sick, seven hundred and  twenty-
nine wounded, using seventy-five ambulances and fifty-eight wagons; Eighteenth Corps, four hundred wounded, using twenty-
five ambulances and forty-three wagons; total, one hundred and sixty-one sick, two thousand  seven  hundred and ninety-four
wounded, using two hundred and fifty-five ambulances and tyvo hundred and eighty-nine wagons.  No engagement of consequence
occurred after this time, and tbe position of the corps  and hospitals remained comparatively unchanged during the following
week. The hospitals of the Second Corps yvere moved to the Tyler house on the 7th, an  open elevated location, yvith excellent
water. The wounded and seriously sick Avere sent back to White House almost daily.  The total number sent from June 5th
to June 13th yvas as  folloyvs: Second  Corps, six hundred and thirty-one sick  and nine  hundred and seventy-six wounded;
Fifth Corps, seventy-five sick and fifty-five wounded; Sixth Corps, one hundred and fifty-seven sick and one hundred and
seventy-eight yvounded; Ninth Corps, four hundred and sixty-one sick and two hundred and three wounded; Eighteenth Corps,
one hundred and thirty-eight sick and nine hundred and four wounded;  total, one  thousand four hundred and sixty-two sick
and tyvo thousand three hundred and sixteen wounded.
      The number of sick in the army increased largely during the first half  of June, and the severity of the cases  became
greater.  The constant labor and watchfulness of the previous month began to manifest its effects.  The country was low and
marshy in character, the water derived almost entirely from surface drainage, and the condition of the men in the trenches was
very bad in a sanitary point of view.   For over a month they had had no vegetables, and the beef used was from cattle which
were exhausted by the long march through a country scantily provided with forage.  The  men had to lie close behind their
breastworks, as it was almost certain death to expose one's person at certain parts of the line, and their cooking was imperfect
and of the rudest kind.  Dead horses and offal of various kinds yvere scattered over the country everyyvhere, and between the
lines were many dead bodies of both parties, unburied and decomposing in the burning sun.  A large  number of  recruits
joined the  army at this place, and contributed greatly to swell the sick list.   Malarial and typho-malarial fevers and diarrhoea
were the prevailing diseases.  No distinct cases of scurvy were observed at this time, but a scorbutic  taint was undoubtedly
affecting the army  and depressing its  health and spirits.  In vieyv of these facts, the folloyving letter was addressed to the
Commanding General:
                                                    Headquarters Army of the Potomac,
                                                                    Near Cool Arbor, Virginia, June 5, 1864.
      General :  I respectfully call your attention to the following facts relative to the present condition and future prospects,
in a sanitary point of view, of the troops composing this army.   The army has been marching and  fighting thirty-two
consecutive days, in which time, no vegetable rations  have been issued,  and has now reached a region of country notoriously
miasmatic  and unhealthy.  The water now used by the troops is entirely derived from surface drainage, and is saturated  with
organic matter derived from decaying vegetable tissues.  The ground around many camps is strewn with dead and decomposing
horses and mules,  and with the hides and offal of slaughtered beef cattle.   Very few regiments have provided sinks for the
men, and their excreta are deposited upon hill sides, to be washed thence into the streams, thus furnishing an additional source
of contamination to the water.   As is to be  expected  under such circumstances, sickness is increasing in the army, diarrhoea
being especially prevalent.
      I need hardly recall to your remembrance  the results produced, by the causes above  mentioned, in the  army of the
Potomac, during the Peninsular campaign of the summer of 1862, nor point out the necessity for taking immediate measures to
obviate these evils as  far as possible.  The  most  urgent necessity now exists for an issue of vegetables to the troops, and if
military necessity forbid this being done from our present base, measures should be taken for  sending  such supplies from our
next depot among the very first supplies brought up.   Chickahominy fever may, in a great measure, be prevented, but when
it has once occurred, its subjects are lost to the army so far as this campaign is concerned.
      I  would respectfully suggest that immediate  measures be  taken to ensure the burial  of dead animals and offal, the
proper preparation  of sinks and the thorough police of camps and men throughout the army.
             *                Very respectfully, your obedient servant,                   THOS. A. McPARLIN,
  Major General Geo. G. Meade, Commanding Army of the Potomac.                 Surgeon U. S. A., Medical Director.

      Every exertion was made  to carry out the  suggestions of this letter as far as possible,  and with good effect.  A large
quantity of fresh vegetables were brought to White House, and the hospitals at that point fully supplied.  These vegetables
were also sent to the troops in as large quantities as the means of transportation at the disposal of tbe commissary department
        21 
162
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY OF  THE  POTOMAC, 1804.
yvould  alloAV, but the supply thus furnished Avas  not large, as  all the Avagons were fully employed in bringing tho supply of
marching returns up to the campaign standard.   The camp and persemal police of the troops was also improved as far as
possible, offal was  buried, sinks dug, etc.   On  the 6th of June, application yvas  made to the  general commanding  the
Confederate forces for a truce of two hours, for the purpose of collecting the wounded and burying the  dead yvho yvere lving
betyveen the lines.   This truce took place on the 7th, betyveen six and  eight o'clock  P. m., at which time, all the  ambulances
yvere sent out, accompanied by medical officers.  Very few wounded yvere collected, the greater number having died of their
yvounds and of exposure, hunger and  thirst.  The dead were, in most cases, so much decomposed as not to be recognized and
Avere buried yvhere they lay.
      From the 5th to the 12th of June, the army remained comparatively quiet behind its works, and  the men were enabled
to obtain that repose which  they so much needed.  Along the greater part of the line there was a truce between the  pickets
and very little firing occurred.  The 1st and 2d divisions of the Cavalry Corps yvere withdraAvn on the 5th and 6th, and passed
to the rear and right of the army, and moved off on the 7th towards Gordonsville, the design of the expedition being to cooperate
Avith General Hunter's  command, and, by capturing Gordonsville, to inflict a severe blow upon the enemy's communications.
An account of this expedition, by Surgeon R. W. Pease, U. S. V., is herewith forwarded.  In the meantime, supplies of all kinds
were being brought up  from the White House as rapidly as possible, and a reorganization of the troops was effected.  Large
reinforcements reached the  army during this  period, and  yvere distributed among  the several corps  and  divisions,  while
regiments whose term of service had  expired were leaving almost daily.   Some of the most skilful and experienced  medical
men were thus  lost to the  army.  The interval, however, enabled the corps medical directors to make the changes and
appointments in the medical  staff which had thus been rendered necessary.   Notwithstanding the large and frequent requisitions
made upon them, the supplies of the medical department  continued abundant, and very little exertion was requisite  to raise
them to the same standard as on the 1st of  May.  The new regiments arriving, of course, had  no supplies, but as they entered
at once into  a well-established organization, and, in fact,  only took the places  of those yvho had been  lost by the preceding
battles, they found everything prepared for them, and no lack existed anywhere.  The sick and slightly wounded were treated
at the  field  hospitals, regular  sick-call being  held twice a day.   The ambulance horses were  especially benefited  by this
interval and by the  long forage which was furnished at  this time, the first since the  crossing of the Rapidan.  On the 7th
of June, our line was shortened by the withdrawal of the  Fifth  Corps from the right to the rear of the centre. On the 8th,
this corps passed over to the left, and held Long bridge and the Chickahominy at that  point.  This was preparatory to  another
movement by the left flank, which  should carry the army to the south bank of the  James river, and effect its junction with
General Butler's command at Bermuda Hundred.  On the 12th of June, this movement commenced, and Avas completed by the
16th, no obstruction or mishap occurring in the meanwhile.   The Eighteenth Corps moved to White House, and, embarking in
transports, returned to General Butler's command, its connection with  the army of the Potomac ceasing from this date.  A
special  transport was  furnished the medical department of this corps, on which the hospital tents, stores and the sick and
wounded were  placed.
      The number  killed, wounded  and  missing,  during the foregoing period, may  be estimated as follows, the Eighteenth
Corps being excluded:  Number of Avounded, according to the classified returns, seven thousand five hundred and forty-five;
number of wounded, straggling and unrecorded, nine hundred; total, eight thousand four hundred and forty five.  Number ot
killed, according to regimental reports,  one thousand four  hundred  and  twenty ;  number of  missing, one  thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four; total, killed, wounded and missing, eleven thousand seven hundred and twenty-nine.  The losses in
the Eighteenth Corps maybe estimated as follows :  wounded, one thousand nine hundred;  killed and missing, five hundred;
total, two thousand  four hundred.  The number of sick  sent to general hospitals north, during the same period, was three
thousand.  The total loss Avas, therefore, seventeen thousand one hundred and twenty-nine, including the Eighteenth Corps.
      The battles around Cool Arbor  consisted of a series of attacks upon strong lines of breastworks.  Our loss was relatively
large.   As the  army did not move  for several  days after  the chief engagement, the medical department was  enabled to care
properly for all  the wounded, and to  keep the  field supply unimpaired.  The  lack of medical officers, although still felt, was
somewhat relieved  by the return of those  who had been left with the wounded in  the Wilderness and at  Fredericksburg,
yvhile the facilities presented at White House for the rapid removal of wounded rendered it unnecessary to keep so large a
portion of the medical staff at the depot  hospital as had been required before.  Forty neyv ambulances, eight Autenrieth
medicine Avagons and the required horses and harness were received during this period, and more than repaired all the  losses
experienced since the beginning of  the campaign.   When the army moved across the James river, the medical department was
better organized and equipped than when it crossed the Rapidan,  all parts of the machinery yvorking so smoothly  that the
account of its operations becomes somewhat monotonous.
      On the 31st of May, Surgeon  Dalton, with the depot hospital staff and supplies, arrived  at White House, on the Pamunkey
river.  Assistant Surgeon McKenzie, U. S. A.,  arrived at the same date  with two steamers and three barges filled with medical
supplies, including the three months' supply yvhich had been required for  on the 23d  of April.  As the  Eighteenth Corps had
arrived and occupied the country in  front, Surgeon Dalton yvas able to commence unloading his stores and establishing the
hospital immediately; and as the banks of the river at that point are nearly perpendicular, it yvas found  easy to bring the boats
close to  shore,  and  to commence operations without waiting for the construction of a wharf.  Tents were pitched on a level
plateau, just below the ruins of White House, elevated about twenty feet above the surface of the river.  The ground yvas low and
flat, Avith marshy spots scattered here  and there, and Avith  feyv or no facilities for drainage.  Fortunately, however, the weather
continued hot and dry during the time that the hospital continued at this point, and  no difficulties arose from the unfavorable
nature of the site.   Springs  in the river bank furnished an abundant supply of  excellent water, and the supply boats  were but
a few yards distant.  About one hundred hospital tents yvere pitched.  A train containing about three hundred wounded from
the Cavalry Corps  arrived  in the  afternoon.   They were  placed directly on board  the hospital transports  Connecticut and
State of Maine, yvhich Avere  Avaiting to receive them.  The large train under charge of Assistant Surgeon Asch, U. S. A., which
had  moved  down the north  bank, arrived at the railroad  bridge in the evening, but Avas unable to cross for twenty-four hours, 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  McPARLIN.                          163
the bridge being unsafe.  The yvounded remained in the Avagons, Avere  fed, and, as far as possible, Avere dressed.  When the
train crossed, the Avounded Avere loaded  directly upon the hospital transports, yvhich  held all but about tAvo hundred,  Avho
yvere put into hospital.  The transports carried twelve hundred and ninety-one yvounded to Washington on the evening of the
2d.  The usual assortment of slightly yvounded, sick and malingerers began to straggle  in on the 3d, and were immediately set
to work arranging the  hospital.  On the 4th,  yvounded yvere  arriving all  day.   Twelve hundred and fifty-four were  sent
directly to Washington  on quartermaster transports; the remainder, fourteen hundred and sixty in number, yvere placed in
hospital.  It was very difficult to obtain a sufficient number of nurses and attendants to  care properly for the yvounded on these
transports, a requisition  yvas therefore made on the Sanitary Commission, and a number of good nurses yvere obtained.   The
original plan of the hospital had been to have each corps hospital pitched by itself, and removed some distance from the others,
and they had been yvidely scattered for the sake of securing ground free from marsh or  ditches.  On the 4th of June, hoyvever,
an order was issued by  General Abercrombie that all  the  hospitals  should be brought yvithin the line of fortifications, Avhich
rendered them someAvhat crowded, and caused  much  confusion and  extra labor.   The tents Avere pitched by tAvos en echelon,
forming a series of rhombs.  The Avharves at Avhich the transports for the yvounded loaded yvere only about a hundred and  fifty
yards distant, yvhich rendered the shipment very easy.  On the 5th and 6th, the yvounded continued to arrive in large numbers,
and the  resources of the hospital yvere taxed to their utmost to provide accommodations and  shelter for them.  Many of the
slightly wounded yvere  sent directly  off upon transports furnished  by the  Quartermaster's Department.   Medical officers  and
nurses were detailed to  accompany them  ; three days rations and medical stores were supplied, and one or two large caldrons
placed on board of each vessel for culinary purposes.  Each transport yvas well  policed  and  bedded with straAV before  the
yvounded Avent on board.   On  the evening of June 6th, a  telegram Avas received from the Surgeon General directing that the
wounded should henceforth be sent  only on the  regular hospital transports; but  this  Avas revoked the following day, upon
the  representation of Surgeon Dalton that it would  delay their  removal at least tyvo yveeks, and seriously embarrass  the
movements of the army.  The  regular hospital transports yvere used for  the serious  cases, and very few were sent  by other
means who Avere unable to Avalk from the hospital to the boats.  The  movement of  the wounded yvent on steadily and rapidly,
and by the 14th of June the hospitals yvere empty, the tents and stores  packed on barges, and everything in  readiness for a
movement to the new base, City Point.  The condition of the yvounded at White House Avas very good; far better than it had
been at Fredericksburg.  The roads  by Avhich the Avounded Avere brought from the front, a distance of about ten miles, Avere
good  and generally level, so that little suffering or exhaustion was caused  by the trip.   Supplies of every kind were abundant
and readily accessible;  ice Avas freely supplied  from ice-houses in the vicinity ; soft bread was furnished after the 5th of June,
and straAV was supplied on and after the 7th.   No hospital gangrene made its  appearance, and very little  erysipelas.  When
this hospital had become fairly established, and it was apparent that  its organization would be someAvhat permanent,  the
magnitude of the interests involved rendered  it necessary that special officers should be assigned to duty in  charge of its
commissary and quartermaster's departments, respectively.  The state of the  case having been represented to Major General
Meade, an order was issued  on the 19th, directing Captain James, Assistant Quartermaster U. S. V., and Captain Talbot.
Assistant Commissary of Subsistence  U. S. V., to report to Surgeon Dalton for duty connected with their respective departments,
They entered upon their duties  on the 13th, and their subsequent labors contributed largely to the success and prosperity of the
hospital.
      On the 11th, preparations for a move began.  As fast as the tents could be emptied they were taken down, and by the
14th, the hospital was packed and ready to move.  Each corps or organization was kept  separate, and had a separate barge
allotted  for  its  transportation.  The depot hospital boats and barges, together Avith  those of the medical purveyor, moved
on the 15th, passing first to  the vicinity of Jamestown island, and  finally reaching City Point on the  evening of the 17th.
The depot at White House was not entirely broken up, however, the trains of the Cavalry  Corps, and rations, forage and
ammunition being retained, guarded  by the force  under General Abercrombie, until the Cavalry Corps should return from its
Gordonsville expedition.  Orders directing the  movements of the  army across  the  Chickahominy were issued from head-
quarters on  the 11th of June, and the following paragraph is quoted as connected  with the medical department:
      *  *  "Par. XIV.  The corps will take with  them on the  march  merely those light headquarter wagons, ammunition
wagons, ambulances, etc., etc.,  specified for the march across the Rapidan;  all others will be  sent  at once to the main trains of
the army."   *   *
      The transportation of the medical department which moved Avith the troops  was, therefore, one-half of the ambulances,
one medicine wagon to each  division, and  one hospital wagon to each brigade; the remainder moved with the main trains to
Winsor Shades on the Chickahominy.  With the latter were sent such sick and wounded as were not thought proper subjects
for general hospital, medical officers and supplies accompanying them.   During the march, a feAV ambulances followed in the
rear of each division, to pick up sick and exhausted men, the remainder, with medicine and hospital wagons, moved with the
corps artillery.  Owing to the  hot weather of the preceding month,  the Chickahominy was low, and its famous  swamps yvere
intersected by hard and dry, but very dusty roads.  The  number of stragglers was large, as the march yvas a long one, and
rapidly made, but all the worst cases of  the sick yvere picked up  by the  ambulances,  and it is believed that very few, if  any,
were  permanently  lost.  The only engagement during the movement was a skirmish at White Oak Syvamp bridge  by the
3d division of the Cavalry Corps, the 3d division of the Fifth Corps  participating  also to some extent.   One hundred and ten
were  wounded, all of Avhom were brought along in the ambulances, after having been dressed and operated  upon on the
field.  All of the ambulances and hospital wagons were on the south bank of the James by tbe evening of the  16th, having
crossed by the pontoon bridge beloAV Wind Mill Point.  Ninety Avounded and thirty  sick of the  3d division, Cavalry Corps,
were  left at AVilcox's wharf  with medical officers, attendants and supplies, and, on the 17th,  were sent to general hospital at
Fortress Monroe by the quartermaster's transport Old Massachusetts.  The movement  from the James to the position taken up
in front of Petersburg yvas rapidly made in hot and sultry weather; the troops yvere fatigued, and fell out of the ranks in large
numbers, especially from the Ninth  Corps.  Many cases of heat-apoplexy occurred, and all  of the ambulances  were filled to
overfloyving.  The assault made by the Second Corps on the afternoon of the 16th  resulted in heavy loss, and but a part of the 
164
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC,  1864.
yvounded could be brought in, as the chief part of  the ambulances and all the hospital wagons had not come up.  Five hundred
and forty-five yvemnded were collected at Dr. Bailey's house, yvhich afforded a shelter for the yvorst cases ;  soup and hard bread
yvere distributed, and operating and dressing went on during the night.  The train came up about ten oYlock p. m., tents yvere
immediately pitched, and the ambulance corps set to bringing in the rest of the yvounded.   During the 17th, all yvere brought
in, placed under shelter and yvell cared for.   The number in the field hospitals by night was: Second Corps, one thousand six
hundred and fifty-four; Fifth Corps, one hundred and forty-four; Ninth Corps, eighty-seven; total, one thousand eight hundred
and eighty-five.  The Fifth Corps took up a position on the 17th, and its hospitals were established on the Prince George Court-
house road, south of Dr. Bailey's.  Those of the Ninth Corps, near Dunn's house,  one-half mile farther yvest.  On the afternoon
of the 18th,  a general attack was made on the enemy's yvorks.  The folloyving  number of yvounded were received: Second
Corps, five hundred and fifty-eight; Fifth Corps, one thousand  and one; Sixth Corps, fifty-three; Ninth  Corps, one thousand
one hundred and ten; total, two thousand seven hundred  and twenty-two.  Supplies of every kind were plentiful, but the
hospitals by this time yvere filled to overflowing.   Notice having been received that Surgeon Dalton, yvith the  depot hospital
tents and stores, had arrived  at City Point, a train of wounded yvas sent  on the morning of the  19th.  Army wagons and
ambulances yvere used, bedded, loaded and furnished with stores and  attendants in the usual manner.  The number sent was
reported as folloyvs:  Second Corps, tyvo thousand and one hundred wounded,  in eighty-six ambulances and one hundred and
ninety-three wagons; Fifth Corps, six hundred and eighteen wounded, in ninety-six ambulances and thirty-six Avagons;  Sixth
Corps, tAventy-one wounded,  in seATen  ambulances; Ninth Corps, nine  hundred and seventy-six wounded,  in  fifty-seven
ambulances  and thirty Avagons; total, three  thousand  seven hundred and  fifteen wounded, in  two hundred and forty-six
ambulances and two hundred and fifty-nine yvagons.  During the 19th, one thousand six hundred and fifty-six wounded were
brought in from the field and cared for in the hospitals.  On the 21st, the Second Corps  moved to the left, and its hospitals
yvere established near Smith's  house,  on the Jerusalem  plank road.  The 3d division of the Cavalry Corps had moved,  in the
meantime, still farther to the left, for the purpose of cutting the  Weldon  railroad.   As no reports have been received from the
surgeon-in-chief of  this division, it is not possible to  give  any account  of the operations  of the medical department of this
command, but it is knoAvn that two medicine yvagons, filled with  supplies, yvere captured by tbe enemy, and that the greater part
of the wounded fell into their hands.  An attempt was made to recover  these Avounded by the medical  director of the Sixth
Corps, but only ten or twelve could be found, the remainder having been  taken to  Petersburg.  From this time until the latter
part of July, the army Avas comparatively quiet, and the position of the  field  hospitals remained unchanged.  This period of
comparative quiet, from July 21, 1804, Avas spent in reorganizing and supplying the army, and the rest Avas much needed by the
men.  Although in front of the enemy, everything was comparatively quiet, Avith the  exception  of the Ninth  Corps, in front
of yvhich, constant skirmishing yvas going on  betyveen the pickets and the men stationed in the rifle pits, and many of the men
yvere almost as much at their ease as  if they had been  in an ordinary summer camp.  The country yvas low and rather flat,
yvith very few springs or running streams of water.  The weather was fortunately hot and  dry, which prevented many of the
evil results  yvhich must otherwise have folloyved from the nature of the  ground.  The water used by the troops yvas generally
of good quality, and Avas chiefly obtained from wells sunk to a depth of from eight to thirty feet, the water being found in a
stratum of blue clay.  The number of sick  during this period was  large,  but  the cases were  mild,  and yielded rapidly to
treatment.  Nine-tenths of all  the diseases yvere  miasmatic in character,  diarrhoea of this  type  being especially prevalent.  A
decided scorbutic taint also existed, not to so great an extent as to merit  especial  classification as a disease, but modifying the
other diseases prevalent.  Large and  frequent issues of fresh vegatables were made during this time, but a sufficient quantity
could not be procured for the first four weeks.  An ample supply of desiccated  and compressed mixed vegetables was available,
but these  have never been liked or generally used by the  men, and were  of little service.  The personal and  camp ptdice
yvere generally good, except in those portions of the line yvhere the constant  sharpshooting and artillery practice compelled
the men to lie close in the  trenches and  rifle pits.  The sides of the shelter-tents were elevated from tbe ground, and arbors
over them contributed to  keep off the direct rays of the sun.   Good sinks were very generally constructed, and the burial
of offal, etc., Avas well attended to.   Although the days were very hot, the thermometer standing ninety-eight degrees for several
hours in the middle of the day, yet the  nights Avere cool, producing a  heavy deposit of deAV, and  thus  acting as a cause of
miasmatic disease.   The organization of the division field hospitals  Avas kept up, and a large proportion of the sick  of the
army Avere treated in them.  The regimental  medical officers had stations betAveen tyvo and three hundred yards behind the
troops, these stations being provided with bomb-proofs in the more exposed  positions of the line, and the advance ambulance
stations yvere near  by.   Regular  sick-calls were held  at these points, and all the slight cases treated  there.  The division
hospitals were abundantly supplied with every requisite for the treatment of the sick and slightly yvounded, and their condition
and management Avere, as  a rule, highly creditable to  the  medical officers in charge.   The following  statement will show
the Avork  performed in them during  this period, viz., from June  16th:  Total number of sick received, eleven thousand one
hundred and ninety-one;  total  number  of  wounded received, eleven  thousand five  hundred  and twenty-six;  aggregate,
twenty-two thousand seven hundred and seventeen; of Avhom there yvere sent to depot  hospital, fifteen  thousand four hundred
and tyventy-seven;  returned to duty, three  thousand five  hundred and  sixty-five;  died, seven hundred and ninety-seven;
remaining, two thousand five hundred and seventy-eight; unaccounted for, three hundred and fifty.   These hospitals were
fitted up yvith wooden  bunks for the patients, kitchens for extra diet,  etc., and  accumulated  a  very considerable amount  of
hospital fund, yvhich was expended for  butter, eggs and other delicacies.   Minute and  repeated  inspections Avere made  of
all the hospitals and ambulance  stations by the acting medical inspectors on duty at these  headquarters,  and full reports
of the  results made to this office.  The  inmates of the hospitals experienced  great annoyance from  dust, and from the
swarms of flies Avhich seemed to spring up everywhere.  For the first evil,  there could be but little remedy.   A large
number of musquito-bars procured  and distributed served to abate the  latter nuisance to a great degree.  Regiments whose
term of service had expired yvere leaving almost daily, taking Avith them  their  medical officers, and  in this yvay a number
of the most experienced and valuable surgeons yvere being  lost to the service. As it Avas highly important that these  officers
should be retained if possible, representation of the facts Avas made to  the  Surgeon General, and the following order was 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  McPARLIN.
165
soon after  issued by  the  War Department: "General  Orders No.  222.   War  Department,  Adjutant  General's  Office,
Washington, July 4, 1S(S4.   Medical directors of armies in the field are  authorized to  employ, under contract, as acting staff
surgeons, regimental surgeons of tyvo years' experience, Avho are specially recommended by their medical directors, and whose
term of service has expired.   The rate of compensation will  be the same as  the pay and  emoluments of regimental surgeons,
with use of one public horse  and  equipments, and  forage for the same.  By order of the Secretary of War. (Signed) E. D.
Toyvnsend, Assistant Adjutant General."  Very feyv surgeons, hoyvever, were found willing to accept contracts upon the terms
above given, as those yvhose services yvere  really valuable could obtain a larger income by private practice, and all yvished to
visit their friends and families.
      During the evening of tbe  26th, the Second Corps moved to the north side of the  James river.  Five hundred and
thirty-eight sick  belonging to the corps were sent to City Point in the morning, most of them being slight  cases, but  such as
yvere thought by the medical  officers to be incapable of making a  forced march, and they yvere sent to the depot hospital, to
remain until the  movement of the Second Corps should have been accomplished.  Tyventy ambulances followed each division
during the movement, and  yvere speedily filled Avith exhausted men, the  number of stragglers being very large.   A temporary
hospital Avas established on the north bank, near the pontoon bridge, where the few who were wounded on the morning of the
27th, at Strawberry Plains, were dressed and operated upon.  The wounded  during the day were removed to the south bank,
where complete field hospitals Avere established, and, on the 28th, they were taken to City Point by the quartermaster's transport
Iolas, the total number being sixty-four.  The corps returned during the night of the 29th, and its hospitals Avere established
around the Burchard house.
      As soon as it was known that  the mine  in  front of the Ninth Corps would be sprung, and  an assault made on the
morning of the 30th of July, the ambulances of the  Sixth Corps, which had been  left in park near City Point yvhen the corps
moved off on the 9th,  yvere ordered up and stationed in rear of the Fifth  Corps, and  preparations were made to remove the
 wounded as rapidly as  possible yvhen the engagement should commence.  For the first two hours after the assault, however,
very feyv yvounded could be brought in, as the covered ways leading to  the front Avere blocked up by the supporting columns
of troops, and only a part  of the Avounded Avere  brought in from the field before the ground Avas abandoned to the enemy.
The total number of Avounded collected and brought into the field hospitals from this affair Avas as folloAvs: Second Corps,
twenty-seven; Fifth Corps,  thirty-four; Ninth  Corps, one thousand four hundred and thirty-five;  total, one thousand  four
hundred and ninety-six.  Having been absent from the army on duty from  July 26th to August 4th (Surgeon J. T. Ghiselin,
U. S. A., acting as medical  director), I have no personal knowledge of the incidents and dispositions  attending the explosion
 of the mine upon the 30th of July.
      When the boats and barges conveying the depot hospital organization from White House arrived at City Point on the
morning of the 18th of June, everything Avas  found in  confusion.  The construction  of  Avharves by the Quartermaster's
Department yvas  going on as rapidly as possible, but, at the time, none had been finished.  The buildings yvithin the line of
fortifications were filled with wounded, principally  from the colored troops belonging to General Butler's command, and yvere
entirely unfit for  hospital purposes, being small, ill-ventilated and very dirty.   The only site available for a hospital  camp was
on the south bank of the Appomattox, about three-quarters of a mile from City Point.  It was about thirty-five feet above the
water, and  the ground was level and  open.  The work of unloading the barges went on slowly, as but few laborers could be
obtained, and the means of transportation from City Point to the hospitals were very limited.   Some tents were pitched on the
 18th, and on the folloyving day, Surgeon Dalton Avas able to report that he was ready to receive wounded.   As the amount of
ground available was limited, the tents were pitched in rows antl streets, each corps by itself.  The wounded began to straggle to
the hospital on the 18th, and, on the 19th, the first large train of wounded  arrived.  The worst cases were immediately placed on
the transports George Leary and Connecticut, and sent to Washington; the others were made comfortable in the hospitals.  The
quartermaster's transport Wenonah Avas loaded Avith the wounded of General Butler's command, five hundred in number, during
the evening.
      The first opportunity for transporting the wounded from the corps before Petersburg was afforded by Surgeon McCormick,
U. S. A., medical director of  the department of Virginia and North  Carolina,  Avho placed  at my disposal the  hospital transport
steamer George Leary, from the army of the James, whose established depot was at Bermuda Hundred.   By this opportune
assistance, Surgeon Dalton was enabled to send three hundred and fifty  wounded from City Point to Washington on the 19th
of June.  Great trouble and  delay occurred in loading these boats.   Long trains of wagons, waiting to be loaded yvith supplies,
occupied the single narrow road leading to the docks, and at first it seemed probable that the scenes of  Belle Plain were to be
repeated at City Point.   On the 20th, however, a yvharf was constructed  of pontoon boats  and barges just  below the hospital,
and exclusively appropriated to the use of the medical department.  From this time no further trouble occurred.  Until the end
of June, sick and Avounded continued to arrive from tbe front with great  rapidity, and were sent north as fast as transportation
could be procured.   On the 21st and 23d, the steamers Continental, Western Metropolis and De Molay, which Avere regularly
fitted up as hospital transports, and provided with medical officers and attendants, reported by order of the  Surgeon General,
and were employed, during the rest of tbe summer, in conveying Avounded to Philadelphia, New York and other points in the
north and east.  The  hospital transports Connecticut and State of Maine Avere employed  on the inland  waters running  to
Washington, Annapolis and  Baltimore.    The barge New World,  containing eight hundred beds, intended to be used  as a
receiving ship for serious cases, and, when full, to be toyved to some  point in the north, arrived on the 30th, and Avas brought up
to the wharf near the hospital.  Upon examination, it was found that she was entirely unfit for the purpose for Avhich she had
been designed, as not  over two hundred men could be safely placed upon her.   She had  three decks, one above the other,
ventilation was exceedingly imperfect, and erysipelas and phagaedena made their appearance in forty-eight hours after yvounded
were placed  on  board.  She was  used for a few days as a receiving ship  for slight cases, and yvas then turned over to the
quartermaster's department, the bedsteads, bedding  and hospital stores on board being transferred to the hospital.  The boats of
the  medical  purveyor were  brought to the  hospital wharf,  and,  as no further  necessity existed for  the  train  of  thirty-five
wagons, the stores were placed on the  purveyor's boats, and the Avagons  turned over to the quartermaster's department.  The 
166
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ARMY OF  THE POTOMAC,  1804.
hospitals at City Point Avere fairly organized and in good working order by the end of June.  For a time, they Avere somewhat
overcroAvdeel, the capacity of the hospital tents, when properly filled, amounting to forty-five hundred beds, Avhile six thousand
men were present, as shoAvn by the consolidated daily report.   Supplies and stores of all kinds were abundant, and the hospital
quartermaster and commissary kept everything in their departments in good order.   The cooking  arrangements were ample
and worked yvell.  The extra diet kitchens  Avere under the supervision of ladies, whose services were thiiB made available, and
yvho were of much more use than yvhen employed as nurses in the yvards.  The yvant of medical officers yvas great at first but as
soon as it became evident that there Avould be a cessation of active movements of the army, six medical officers from each corps
yvere sent to Surgeon Dalton, and from this  time, June 28th, there was no further lack.
      Upon application by the medical director, an  order was issued by the Provost Marshal General directing that the necro
women who should be brought within the  lines of the army should be sent to the  depot hospital to act as laundresses.  The
men employed as cooks and nurses in the depot hospitals yvere, in part, the regularly detailed attendants who came in with the
trains, but by far the greater number yvere stragglers and malingerers made useful by the surgeons as they came in.  To obviate
the evils  arising from this  practice, a detail  of  a sufficient number of attendants was obtained in the latter part of June.  The
yvater for the use of the hospitals was at first obtained from springs in the river bank.   Wells were afterwards dug, and yielded
water of  excellent quality.  The yveather was very hot and sultry, and the dust soon became a great nuisance in the hospitals.
The main road from the front to City Point, by which all the supply trains moved, passed close to the hospitals, and clouds ot
dust were constantly settling over the tents.  To obviate this, a number of water carts were procured and the ground freely
sprinkled.  Screens and arbors of evergreens were also erected as fast as possible.
      The yvounded suffered very little in their transit from the front, but their general health had been much impaired and
secondary haemorrhage, erysipelas, pyaemia, etc., were observed. Few or no cases of true  hospital gangrene occurred, although
there  Avere  a  number of sloughing  phagaedenic wounds.  Disinfectants yvere freely  used,  sulphate of iron being the article
preferred for the latrines.  The police of the hospitals became bad during the first week, as the number of patients to be cared
for yvas so great that every available man was required for nursing and to load the boats.  A detail of dismounted cavalry yvas
finally obtained, and the police improved rapidly.  During the first week in July, three thousand iron bedsteads were obtained
and placed in the hospitals.  Two fire engines, tyvo steam pumps and a reservoir were also received and used.  The  supply of
yvater yvas, from that time, abundant and convenient, and the plague of dust,  in a great  measure, abated. One hundred and
Bixty  adult contrabands were kept  employed in the hospitals as cooks, laundresses, etc.   The washing of the  hospital yvas no
small item, amounting to six thousand pieces per week.
      The consolidated summaries of the monthly reports of sick and wounded during the campaign  are necessarily incomplete,
especially for the months of May and June, inasmuch as, during active operations, the data for these reports must be obtained
almost exclusively from the records of the field hospitals.   These records embrace all the  severely wounded who require
ambulance  transportation from the field, but very  many of the slighter cases go  directly to the depot hospital,  if one  is
established and  yvithin  a day's march.  The number who  thus straggle  is usually between  ten and tyventy per centum  of
the entire number wounded.  These consolidated reports, hoyvever, show several facts of interest, of which the following may
be mentioned as among the chief: The ratio of the number of officers wounded  during the  month of May Avas twenty-tyvo per
centum of the number present, being somewhat greater than that of the enlisted men, which was twenty and nine-tenths per
centum.  During the months of June and July, the  proportion of officers was a little less than that  of the enlisted men.  The
probable cause of this difference has already been referred to in the account of the battle of the Wilderness.  The ratio of sick
increased steadily,  as is shown by the following statement:  The ratio of number of sick to aggregate strength for May Avas
eleven and forty-one one-hundredths per centum; June, fourteen and eighty-nine one-hundredths per centum; July, twenty-
seven and one-tenth per centum.   Ratio of average  number  on daily sick  report to aggregate strength: May, two- and three
one-hundredths per centum;  June, two and  sixty-two one-hundredths; July, four and  fifty-five one-hundredths.  Ratio  of
officers sick: May, nine and thirty-nine one-hundredths per centum;  June, thirteen and three one-hunelredths per centum;
July, seventeen  and forty-six one-hundredths per centum.   Ratio  of enlisted men  sick:  May, eleven and forty-eight one-
hundredths per centum;  June, fourteen and  ninety-six one-hundredths; July, twenty-seven and fifty-eight  one hundredths.
The depot field hospitals of this army have  been, I am confident, superior to any heretofore organized, accommodating, at times,
seven thousand inmates.  Those at City Point had a capacity for nearly ten thousand during the summer.   As winter approaches,
log buildings, fifty feet long and twenty wide, roofed with boards and felting, are being substituted for tents.   The streets will
be graded and gravelled, and sidewalks corduroyed to obviate inconvenience from mud.
      The ambulance is  so light a vehicle, so portable and  swift, that I am persuaded  more should be permitted to advance
yvith troops and to  accompany cavalry.  It is probable that a feyv might be occasionally lost, but it is better to accept the risk,
though I believe it inconsiderable, than to suffer from a deficiency.  There is yvisdom in the ancient institution of Leo VI, Avhich
declares, "If you  desire  that your soldiers should  go Avillingly to battle,  the greatest care must be had for attending to the
Avounded.''  In my  opinion, an additional wagon should be authorized to each division ambulance train, which would transport
more  clothing for the contingencies of battle, and be eligible,  also, for procuring forage, which is imperfectly done, during very
active operations, yvith the present alloyvance.  The trains of wounded and sick sent from the army have always been organized
yvith care; one of them extended seven miles upon  the road, composed of wagons, bedded, spring wagons  and ambulances
It may be of interest to  make  an approximate statement of the  proportiem  of  transport service rendered by ambulances
and yvagons.   The approximate numbers  are three thousand five hundred and eighteen ambulances, and two thousand two
hundred  and thirty-three  wagons, spring and army  patterns.  This  does not include vehicles at the front collecting wounded
for division hospitals, nor transport service between the front and  the  depot hospital  at the base.  The  yvhole number of
ambulances authorized, and available at any time for emergency, did not exceed eight hundred, and they were frequently
required  to be moving night  and day.  Twenty-seven new medicine yvagons,  of the Autenrieth and Perot patterns, have been
received  during the campaign.  Five of them  yvere transferred to Medical  Director McCormick,  to meet the  necessities of the
cooperating army of the James. 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOE  McPARLIN.                          167
      In the varying conditions of the army in the field, whether in camp or in action, on the march or in winter quarters, the
 division hospital system, I believe, may be fully accepted as a success.  It accords yvith the unit of organization and adminis-
 tration of the army, furnishing prompt, adequate  and convenient resources for every occasion.   Emergencies do not greatly
 overtax the energy  of officers when prompt  removal of yvounded inmates, who have received necessary attention, permits
 recuperation before further efforts;  experience ensures ample provision of food, shelter, supplies and attendants; as a point of
 rendezvous, its locality is soon knoAvn; a proper mobility is kept in view, and discipline, efficiency and use of supplies are
 supervised; preservation of property has been  conspicuous, considering its exposure, during military operations; the com-
 mendable care exercised, and its attendant success, illustrates the propriety of the arrangements made.   On account of the
 magnitude of the operations yvhich rapidly succeeded each other, it was  necessary to  supply the deficiency of ambulances by
 wagons.  During the combats in the Wilderness, and at other points remote from  the base of supplies, celerity yvas  especially
 required.  It may be remarked that circumstances will rarely tax more severely the capabilities of staff departments than those
 of this year have done.  When necessary, I received prompt, cordial and efficient cooperation from the chief quartermaster and
 other chiefs of departments whose operations were connected with my own.   This complete official accord was as beneficial to
. the service as it yvas personally pleasureable.  The cheerful acceptance of vicissitudes, patience, fortitude and almost utter absence
 of complaint, have long been observed, and they shoyv the high  character of the individual soldier of the veteran army.  Out
 of the many thousands of yvounded, there have been few left to the care of the enemy, and, in such cases, supplies, camp equipage
 and attendants remained.  Whenever there yvas an opportunity,  the yvounded of the enemy have been collected and fully cared
 for.   The medical directors of corps have faithfully met their responsibilities.   To Surgeon J. J. Milhau, U. S. A., Surgeon J.
 N. Dougherty, U. S. V., and Surgeon S. A.  Holman, U. S. V., especial credit is due.  Surgeon E. B. Dalton, U. S. V., yvho
 received  the yvounded of the army for transmission north, with  Surgeon A. J. Phelps, II. S. V., inspector and assistant, ably
 directed the labors of numerous  subordinates at  the base of the army.  Surgeon J. F.  Ghiselin, U. S. A., assistant medical
 director, Assistant Surgeon J. B. Brinton, U.  S. A., medical purveyor, Assistant Surgeon J. S. Billings, U. S. A., and Assistant
 Surgeon Geo. M. McGill, U. S. A., have rendered  most valuable, varied and constant aid in the discharge of the general duties
 assigned them, and the special ones that emergencies required.  The ambulance service has been well and gallantly performed,
 and its chief officers, Captain W.  F. Drum,  2d U. S.  Infantry, and Captains B. W. Baldwin and J.  G. Pelton, 14th
 Connecticut, deserve especial commendation.
      Accompanying are the  reports of Medical Director Dougherty and  the Medical Purveyor.   Reports from  other
 medical directors of corps and chief medical officers of independent  commands  have not yet  been received.   It is deemed
 advisable to terminate this report with the period ending July 31, 1864, and not farther delay its transmission.
                                 Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                        THOS. A.  McPARLIN, Surgeon U. S. A.
  To the Surgeon General of the Army.
CXXXVHL   Statement of Fund  accruing from Newspaper  Tax, expendable by the  Medical
                     Director.  From January 28, 1861, to November 21,  1864.
Amount Received.
Amount received
Dolls.
19,428
19,428
Cts.
25
25
Amount Disbursed and Rem'g on hand.
By checks to medical directors of corps.....
To chief medical officers of independent com-
  mands, and others, for articles purchased
  incident to hospital comfort and  adminis-
  tration ................................
To medical purveyor, for purchase of articles
  of comfort and subsistence of the wounded.
For freight..............................
Balance on hand.........................
Dolls.	Cts.
1,374	00
1,843	38
8,413	93
9	00
7,787	94
19,428	25
      In addition to the stores issued by the medical purveyor, and furnished by the Medical Department, a large  quantity
of delicacies and anti-scorbutics were purchased and distributed to the depot and division hospitals.  The folloyving table will
show the kind and amount of the articles thus purchased during the campaign:
               Peaches, in two-pound cans........................................    9, 600 cans.
               Jellies, assorted, in jars............................................    3, 600 jars.
               Tomatoes, in two-pound cans.......................................    3,600 cans.
               Lemons..........................................................      110 boxes.
               Oranges..........................................................       50 boxes.
               Crackers  (Boston).................................................    5, 366 pounds.
               Pickles..........................................................   13,800 gallons.
               Candles..........................................................      380 pounds.
      The total cost of the above articles was $8,413 93.
                        * This amount includes the sum of $3,582 65, balance on hand at the date first named. 
168
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF THE  POTOMAC,  1864.
CXXXTX.   Schedule A.— Consolidated Statement of Articles and  Quantities  of Med'wal and
   Hospital Property carried with the Army of the Potomac across the Rapidan, May 1, lsi',4.
ARTICLES CARRIED.
                 MEDICINES.
Acaciae pulv..................................oz.
Acidi sulph. arom.............................lbs.
  "  tannici..................................oz.
  "  tartarici...............................Ihs.
iEtheris sulph................................oz.
  "     spts. comp...........................oz.
  "     spts. nitrosi...........................oz.
Alcoholis..................................botts.
Aluminis..................................... oz.
Ammoniae carb...............................Ihs.
aquae.
.lbs.
  "       spts. aromat.........................oz.
Argenti nitratis...............................°z-
  "       "   fusae...........................oz.
Camphorae...................................Ihs.
Cerati cantharidis............................lbs.
  "   adipis.................................lbs.
Chloroformi..................................oz.
Collodii......................................oz.
Copaibae.....................................Ihs.
Creasoti......................................oz.
Extracti  belladonna;...........................oz.
  "      colchici sem. fid.......................oz.
  "      colocynth. comp......................oz.
  "      ipecac,  fid............................oz.
Ferri chloridi tinct............................lbs.
  "  subsulph. liq.............................oz.
  "     "     pulveris........................oz.
Hydrarg. pil..................................oz.
Ipecac, et pulveris opii.........................oz.
Lini Farinae..................................lbs.
Magnesias sulph...............................lbs.
Morphise sulph................................oz.
Olei olivae.................................botts.
  "  ricini.................................botts.
  "  terebinth..............................botts.
Opii pulveris.................................oz.
  "  tincturae.................................oz.
Pilulae camph. et opii.........................doz.
  "    cathart. comp..........................doz.
  "    opii..................................doz.
Plumbi acetatis..............................lbs.
Potass, arsenit. liq..............................oz,
   "   iodidi.................................oz.
Quinise sulph..................................oz.
         "  pil...............................doz.
 AMOUNT
in* reserve
  SUPPLY
  train.
50
720
396
 96
20
10
20
110
200
 50
10
145
200
 60
1,080
  292
  288
  215
   52
   20
   20
  540
  100
1,152
1,200
2,080
   42
  200
1,000
in brigade
suri-LY and
 HOSPITAL
 WAGONS.
1,440
  500
  720
  100
100
150
175
800
60
  720
  400
2,000
700
176
  700
  100
  360
1,080
  360
1,440
2,000
1,000
MEDICINE
WAGONS.
  300
   25
   40
   20
1,605
  400
  790
  480
  300
   30
  100
  120
   40
   45
   25
   22
  140
  100
   70
   80
  150
   40
  200
  350
  360
   30
   70
   40
  200
  400
  340
  300
   26
   82
   42
   42
  360
  700
  345
  400
  340
   41
  350
  300
  400
   370
AMllt'LANC'K
  BOXES.
              IN
TOTAL ARMY WACONS OF
  SUI'PLY.    SANITARY
          COMMISSION.
  300
   25
   90
   20
3,765
  900
1,906
  676
  300
   50
  200
  270
   50
   65
   25
   22
  425
1,100
  120
   80
  160
   40
  200
  350
  360
  235
  270
  820
  600
3,480
  632
1,288
  417
  134
   62
   62
1,600
  900
1,857
2,680
2,780
   83
   350
 1,740
 2,600
 2,370
20
45 
REPORT OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  McPARLIN.                   169
Schedule A.— Consolidated Statement, etc.—Continued.
ARTICLES CARRIED.	AMOUNT IN RESERVE SUPPLY TRAIN.	IN BRIGADE SUrPLY AND HOSPITAL WAGONS.	IN MEDICINE WAGONS.	IN" AMHULANCE BOXES.	TOTAL ARMY SUPPLY.	IN yVAGONS OF SANITARY COMMISSION.
Sinapis nig. pulv..............................lbs. Sodas chlor. liq................................lbs.	284	176 150 270 250 500 100 1,480 1,000	350 130 280 40		810 280 730 340 500 120 4,980 1,356 120	100
						
	180 50					25
						
						
			20 1,100 260			
	2,400 96 120					
						60
						
						60 40 160
						
Blackberry brandy..........................botts.						
	20 400 370 298 10 432 100 768 2,280		100		120 7,860 1,510 1,258 24 1,332 740 1,488 3,080 200 200 20	
HOSPITAL STORES.		2,160 540 460		5,300 500		240
			100 500 14 500 180			
Canned peaches.............................cans. Jellies, assorted cans........................doz. Dried fruit............................... lbs. HOSPITAL CLOTHING.						450
						
		400 460 720 800 200				155 85 600
						
						
						
						
	200 10					
		10				
						100 360 360 375
	700 700 943 2,200	800 800 800 2,800 200 400 50			1,500 1,500 1,743 5,890 1,200 460 93 120 2,180 1,800 225 110 400 977 1,294 1,600 267 1,450	
						
BEDDING. Bed sacks...................................no.						
			890			
				1,000		
Bed covers...................................no. Blanket cases.............. ...........no.	60					
			43			
Sheets, linen.................................no. DRESSINGS. Adhesive plaster......•.......................yds. Binders' boards............................pieces. Cotton bats..................................lbs. " wadding...........................sheets. Flannel, red.................................yds. Gutta-percha cloth...........................yds. Gelatine plaster.............................yds. Lint, patent..................................lbs. " picked.................................lbs. Muslin.....................................yds.	120 1,030 400 25 60 200 427 144 400 187 500					
		900 1,000 100	250 400 100 50 200 450 240 200 80 350			120
						
						
						
						
				100		
		910 1,000				
						
						
		600				
						
22 
170
APPENDED DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF  THE POTOMAC,  1864.

 Schedule A.— Consolidated Statement, etc.—Continued.
ARTICLES CARRIED.
Oiled silk...................................yds.
  "   muslin................................yds.
Pencils, hair.................................doz.
Pins.....................................papers.
Roller bandages.............................doz.
Green silk..................................yds.
Surgeons' silk................................oz.
Splints, sets..................................no.
  "    Smith's anterior.......................no.
Sponge..................3....................lbs.
Suspensory bandages..........................no.
Tape.....................................pieces.
Thread, linen........  ........................oz.
Tow........................................lbs.
Towels.....................................doz.
Twine___...................................oz.
Oakum......................................lbs.
            FURNITURE, ETC., ETC.
Basins, tin...................................no.
Bed pans....................................no.
Buckets......................................no.
Corks......................................doz.
Corkscrews..................................no.
Lanterns.....................................no.
Knives and forks.............................no.
Spoons......................................no.
Plates, tin...................................doz.
Tumblers, tin.................................no.
Tin  cups.....................................no.
Urinals......................................no,
Camp kettles.................................no,
Litters, hand.................................no,
                  STATIONERY.
Blank hooks.................................doz,
Envelopes...................................doz,
Ink.......................................botts.
Paper, writing............................quires.
Pens and holders.............................no.
Medical chests..............filled per supply table.
       panniers...........  "    "    "     "
Hospital  knapsacks..........  "    "    "     "
Field companions...........  "    "    "     "
 AMOUNT
IN RESERVE
 SUPPLY
  TRAIN,
400
   60
  216
1,600
 20
200
100
 50
400
 24
320
200

 83
 76
  100
1,350
1,568
  410
  500
  936
   40
  125
  102

   12
1,000
   36
  160
IN BRIGADE
SUPPLY ANU
 HOSPITAL
  WAGONS.
  450
  100
   20
  200
4,500
100
150
400
710
460
300
200
180
MEDICINE
WAGONS.
  100

  370
  180
  500
  360
  130
  100
1,200
1,100
   92
  260
150
400
   15
  400
   60
  100
1,480
200
100
 30
100
750
 40
 50
 41
 15
360
280
160
300
200
 44
350
 40

 92
 44
 90
350
 40
 90
AMBULANCE
  BOXES.
200
 90

120

 12
 85
 44
100
480
444
525
2,700
1,200
1,300
1,500
TOTAL ARMY
  SUPPLY.
1,050
  200
  110
  516
6,850
   40
  170
  391
  515
1,120
  740
  160
1,000
  424
  544
  350
  340

  545
  300
1,034
  710
  170
  815
2,550
5,368
  702
1,960
  936
  280
1,825
1,722

   39
1,485
  140
  360
1,960
   50
   40
   90
   65
    IN
 WAGONS OF
 SANITARY
COMMISSION.
100
40
150
150
150
150
>B 
CXL.   Schedule  B.— Consolidated Report of Means of  Transportation, Clothing,  Camp and  Garrison Equipage, Army of Potomac,
                                                          May 1,1864.
COMMANDS.	MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION.																CAMP AND GARRISON EQUIPAGE.												
	On HAND.				Allowance.		Needed.		On hand.			fl CO :§§ r-| b0		Ambulances.			On hand.				Tents				Tools ON HAND.				
	Horses.		Mules.						Army wagons.								Tents.				13 'p-co	ALLOWED.							
	6 1 cu #o "> u a> CO	_ 1 '> u _■ co a U	03 O '> u a> CO	6 CU _	93 O w	co	co U) to u o w	IS 13 3	_ — "> 4) co 56 58 52 36 11 4 5	cc! CU O '> tH <K CO fl	a! _ O 56 59 53 36 11 4	CU "E 0 "3 < 7 6 3 5 1 1 1	o t. CU 8 5 6 1	ci CL U '? U _ CO 178 171 144 77 26 11 12	0) 'F	_■ o s o < 181 176 144 77 11 12	"3. CO o w 87 87 63 34 16 3 4	9	w Common. ! ! Shelter.				c o 6 3 O 3	_ ~-CO	co 60 ___	CO '_ o CO	CU ci & CO	CO r_! o s 21	REPORT OF
	582 528 403 401 56 29 36	1	284 348 313 189 73 24 24		581 535 404	274 354 312 218 66 24 24	6 7 1	6 39													85 9					26 6			
																													i—i Q
																		6	4	118					67 13 12 3	34 3 4 4	16 2 6	23 4 2	tr1
																					34 14 3 4								
				....	56 29 36													5 1 1				5 1 1							o
General Patrick's Brigade........																													O Ed
																													
																											30	50	
Total .....................	2035	1	1255	....	1641	1272	14	45	222	....	219	24	20	619	....	601	294	22	7	118	140	16	3	....	155	71			Ed
																													tr1 __
 
172
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC,  18f,4.
CXLI.   Sciikih-le C.—list of Articles and Quantities of Medical  and Hospital Stores re<vi><<d
                                at Belle Plain, Virginia, May  10, 1S64.
Articles.
in su1tly    in
  Boats.  , Barges.
Blankets................no.
Bandages..............doz.
Beef stock..............lbs.
Whiskey (bottles).......doz.
Brandy (bottles)........doz.
Lint....................lbs.
Condensed milk.........lbs.
Shirts...................no.
Drawers (pairs)..........no.
Socks (pairs)............no.
Gowns...................no.
Cots....................no.
Litters..................no.
Cocoa...................lbs.
Tea.....................lbs.
Chocolate..............lbs.
Sugar...................lbs.
Corn starch.............lbs.
Candles................lbs.
Claret..................doz.
Lemons..............boxes.
7500
5000

 200
  50
2000
1000
5000
5000
5000
5000
 500
 500
 500
1000
 200
  12
 100
5550
2000
3024
 400
  24
 100
 144
 600
 600
600
100
100
 80
Total.
13050
 7000
 3024
  600
   74
 2100
 1144
 5600
 5600
 5000
 5000
  600
  100
  100
  580
  500
  500
 1000
  200
   12
  100
Articles.
Ice....................tons.
Sheets..................no.
Basins..................no.
Cushions (rubber)........no.
Liq. sodse chlor.......bottles.
Feeding cups............no.
Bed pans................no.
Spoons...................no.
Cups (tin)...............no.
Oiled  muslin............yds.
Saddlers' silk............oz.
Lanterns.................no.
Buckets.................no.
Towels..................no.
Porter.................doz.
Chloroform.............lbs.
Sulphuric ether..........lbs.
Field cases...............no.
Pocket sets..............no.
Adhesive plaster........yds.
Silver wire............spools.
In Sri'i-LY	In	
Ro.vi.-..	BAK.iI.-S. i T,I,'AL-	
50		50
5000 t		5000
1000 ..		1000
400		400
200		200
500		500
3000		3000
3000		3000
1000		1000
25		25
200		200
500		500
1000		1000
400		400
100		100
100		100
20		20
7		7
200		200
20	........	20
CXLII.   Abstract from the  Consolidated Reports of the  Ambulance Corps for the Months of
                                        May, June and July, 1864.
      Number of ambulances on hand.—May 1st, 592 ;  June 1st, 620; July 1st, 615;  July 31st, 575.
      Number of medicine wagons on hand.—May 1st, Autenrieth's pattern, 21; Perot's, 18;  Dunton's, 1.  June 1st, Autenrieth's,
18; Perot's, 11; Dunton's, 11.  July 1st, Autenrieth's, 22;  Perot's, 11; Dunton's, 12.  July 31st, Autenrieth's, 29; Perot's, 11;
Dunton's, 12.
      Number of army wagons on hand.—May 1st, 209; June 1st, 174; July 1st, 197; July  31st, 195.
      Number of forges on hand.—May 1st, 15;  June 1st, 15; July 1st, 14 ; July 31st, 14,
      Number of horses and mules  on hand.—May 1st, horses, 1,871; mules, 1,146.   June 1st,  horses,  1,832; mules, 870.
July 1st, horses, 1,935; mules, 1,019.  July 31st, horses, 1974;  mules, 980.
      Number of stretchers on hand.—May 1st, 1,214 ;  June 1st, 767;  July 1st, 851;  July 31st, 1,069.
      Present for duty.—May 1st, officers, 60; enlisted men, 2,275. Juue 1st, officers, 57 ; men, 2,092.  July 1st, officers, 55;
men, 2,114.   July 31st, officers, 52 ; men, 2, 045.
CXLIII.   Report of the  Medical Director  of the Army  of the Potomac from  August 1 to
      December 31, 1864.   By Surgeon Thomas A. McParlin, U.  S. Army.
                                                        Headquarters Army of the Potomac,
                                                              Medical Director's Office, December 26, 1864,
      General: I have the honor to submit the following continuation of my report of the operations of the medical department
of the army of the Potomac.  Early in August, the Eighteenth Corps of the army of the James, and the Ninth and Fifth Corpn
of the army of the Potomac, occupied the lines of investment, breastworks and fortified positions south of Petersburg and the
Appomattox, in the area northward of the low grounds and rivulets  tributary to the Blackwater.  The Second Corps was in
camp as a reserve.  The weather was generally dry.   The soil contained enough clay to make the roads, after rain, almost
impassable for loaded trains; attention to the enforcement of police and drainage became, therefore, the more necessary.   I be
ground occupied was subject to malarial influences.  Personal movements and labor were restricted in those portions of the line
exposed to fire.  Wells had been dug and good water secured both in the camps and entrenchments.  The extension and use
of tbe railroad made heavy trains, to a great degree, unnecessary  after September  14th.  The position occupied by the Ninth
Corps at the front was exposed to the continual fire of sharpshooters and pickets, often kept up during the night.  The Second
Corps was encamped, in reserve, in the vicinity of the Deserted house.  Its quarters and camps were  superior in cleanliness
and comfort to those of the previous month.   Its chief hospital was  near the Burchard house.  The Fifth Corps occupied 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR McPARLIN.
173
 somewhat elevated ground on the left.   Its hospitals were situated near general headquarters and the Prince George Court-house
 road.  They  afforded their patients  every comfort  compatible with  the mobility necessary to a field establishment.   Officers
 were treated in them in many cases.   The diet of the army has been, at all times, an object of especial attention, but, during
 the snmmer, the chief commissary, Colonel T. Wilson, secured an abundant supply of vegetables as soon as the new crop came
 in.  Potatoes, onions, beets, cabbage, dried apples and peaches, turnips and pickles, were everywhere issued and appreciated.
 A malarial type, indicated by  a periodic tendency, was impressed upon most of the diseases treated.  In the Ninth Corps, the
 cases responded less favorably to treatment, and many were sent away to the depot  hospital  at City Point.   Cases of biliary
 disorder were frequent.  August 5th, two divisions of the Cavalry Corps left this section  for duty in the Shenandoah valley.
 August 9th, the explosion of the ordnance  barge, at  City Point, occurred, and caused a number of severe injuries.  From  the
 1st to  the 12th,  comparative  quiet existed, but, at this  last date, movements were  initiated having in view the seizure and
 destruction of the Weldon railroad.   This was accomplished before the 25th by  the  Fifth Corps,  when our lines  were
 permanently  extended  on the left  to  the  vicinity of the  Yellow tavern.   As  a  preliminary measure intended to facilitate
 this object, a diversion was made by a movement  of the Second Corps to the  north  side of the James,  commencing on
 the 12th.  The sick and wounded of that corps were sent by an ambulance  train to the depot field hospital at City Point.
 The corps marched in  the afternoon, and  camped at City Point at night, awaiting  transport vessels.   The ambulance  train
 arrived at eleven o'clock p. m.   It left those unable to accompany the command in hospital at  City Point, and resumed  the
 journey to Bermuda Hundred, joining the corps on  the next  day at Jones's  Neck.   The corps  embarked  on the 13th, and
 reached Deep Bottom, north of the James.  On the 14th, it disembarked, advanced to the west of the New Market road and took
 position.  The day was excessively hot; the men had been exhausted, and many fell out of the ranks, some  insensible or in
 convulsions; in many cases, death resulted.  Twenty  ambulances for each division were crossed over the pontoon  bridge from
 Jones's Neck, and were at once  occupied with these cases and those wounded in skirmishing. One medicine wagon  and one
 army wagon,  loaded with tent flies and cooking utensils for each division, also crossed.  A refreshing shower happily occurred
 in the  evening.  Hospitals were formed near the lower pontoon bridge, on the north  bank of  the river, where a landing place
 was constructed, by which to send the wounded on boats to hospital at City Point.  They were sent by quartermaster transports
 on the 15th.   Skirmishing continued on the 16th and 17th.  On the 18th, the enemy attacked, particularly along the line of  the
 Tenth  Corps.   One division of the Second Corps was transferred after this across the James,  and proceeded to occupy  the
 works just abandoned by the Fifth Corps, then massing for the movement on the Weldon  railroad.   The field hospitals of this
 division were  placed near the Deserted house.   The other division of the Second Corps left the north side on August 20th, and
 proceeded to the Weldon railroad, where the Fifth Corps was engaged.  Military considerations made it proper to take  only
 ten ambulances to each division, the residue of the Second  Corps medical train went  into park in the vicinity of the Burchard
 house.  There were received at the field hospitals, from the affair on the north side, five hundred and forty-two wounded.  Of
 these, thirty-five were officers.   Twenty-three deaths occurred in the field hospital, the residue were sent to City Point.   On  the
 19th, one division of the Ninth Corps was sent to join the Fifth Corps, near the six mile station, on the Weldon railroad, where
 an attack of  the enemy had been received at  noon  the day before.   The field  hospitals of the Fifth and Ninth Corps weie
 relieved of their inmates by the ambulances of the  Sixth Corps, the patients being carried to City Point; and the train,
 increased  to one hundred and ten vehicles, was afterwards used  exclusively by the  Fifth Corps, which needed it to remove
 the wounded  from the front.   As soon as it was safe to do so, the hospitals of the  Fifth Corps were  advanced towards  the
 Williams house.  Those of the  Ninth Corps were brought up later.   On the evening of the 19th,  the enemy again attacked
 the Fifth  Corps, maintaining  the struggle until after dark, when they were finally repulsed.
       August 21st, the Second Corps, taking ten ambulances to a division, advanced  from Deep Bottom to the  position on  the
 Weldon railroad occupied by the Fifth Corps, and, facing  southward, continued to  destroy the road as they advanced  until
 the 25th, when, reaching Reams's Station, they encountered the enemy.  On tbe 21st,  the enemy attacked the Fifth Corps verv
 determinedly, but was repulsed with heavy loss, leaving one hundred and sixty of their wounded in our hands.  The medical
 service was  here performed  under  great  exposure, but  it  was unavoidable, the  position  being under a converging fire.
 The labors of the ambulance corps were severe.  Two sergeants were killed, six men were wounded, and nineteen captured.
 Eight  stretcher  bearers were killed.  Shells passed through  two  ambulances.  The Second Corps  occupied a position at
 Reams's Station  on the 25th, quite as exposed to simultaneous attack from several  directions, and were more  distant  from
 the permanent base and the field hospitals.   Its wounded were temporarily received in  Reams's church, where the  hospital
 staff of each division made their rendezvous.  The field companions and the ambulances furnished the required dressings and
 appliances. The cavalry division of  General  Gregg had with it a  medicine wagon, which was very useful.   The medical
 director of the Second Corps sent back for  one for his command, but it did not arrive; indeed, it only escaped  capture by  tbe
 sergeant in charge prudently returning with it again  to the park, observing that the enemy occupied  the road.  The  church
 was far from being a place of  security; indeed, no such place was attainable.   The line of defence  described two-thirds of  the
 circumference of a circle with  a radius so small that bullets fired on the left coursed over  the  enclosed area  and struck down
 men in position on the right.   During the more  vigorous assault at two o'clock  P. m., the ambulances, the wounded,  medical
 officers and attendants retired  about a hundred yards to a shallow ravine affording partial shelter.   The ambulances, once filled,
 were sent at  some risk via the  Geary church road  to  the Williams house,  and  empty vehicles were sent  for.  The fresh
 trains reached the corps safely, prior to the final assault made by the enemy at  five o'clock P.  m.  This attack was so severe
 from all sides  that the portion  of the railroad which had been destroyed and the position at that point were relinquished.  The
 ambulance officers succeeded  in loading up with such of the wounded as could not  retire, others were carried by stretcher-
 men or aided by stragglers.  None of the wounded behind the  breastworks were left, but those on the advanced pickets could
 not be removed.  Four medical officers, two hospital stewards and ten stretcher men were detailed to remain and care for them.
 From subsequent information,  it would appear that  sixty six of our wounded were made prisoners, and that a hundred  and
forty-six dead were buried on  the field.  Assistant Surgeon Jewett, 14th Connecticut,  received a severe shell wound.
      The train  of wounded  from Reams's Station proceeded  to the  Williams house, and, aided by ambulances of the Ninth 
171
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC,  1864.
Corps, the wounded were sent to City Point, after receiving necessary surgical attention.  The Second Corps subsequently
retired to positions near the Jerusalem plank-road.  The Second Cavalry division, on the 23d, accompanied the Second Corps
on the right flank and in advance, while the railroad was being  torn  up towards Reams's Station.   On the Dinwiddie Court-
house road, it met the enemy and suffered a loss of forty wounded, who were taken to Reams's church.  After the necessary
operations and attention, they were sent in ambulances to City Point.  Ten ambulances remained with the cavalry, as a reserve
after sending the others off.  The Emmons house, near Reams's Station, was first taken for hospital purposes, but being declared
unsafe by General Hancock, it was vacated, and the property and personnel moved towards Reams's church.  During the affair
at Reams's Station, the 2d division of cavalry was posted on the left  of the Second Corps; Colonel Spear's brigade picketed on
the right.   One Autenrieth medicine wagon was attached to the cavalry in addition to the ambulances as before stated.  The
wounded of the cavalry division amounted to eighty-three.
      The number of wounded brought to field hospital  after this affair was as follows : Second Corps, officers, thirty-seven •
enlisted men, three hundred and three; total, three hundred and forty; of whom, fourteen died.  Fifth Corps, officers fifty-
nine; enlisted  men, seven hundred and fourteen; total, seven hundred and seventy-three; of whom, fifty-eight died.   Ninth
Corps, officers, sixteen; enlisted men,  one hundred  and forty-nine; total, two hundred and sixty-five; of whom, ten died.
Cavalry Corps, enlisted men, eighty-three, of whom, five died.  Grand total, officers, one hundred and twelve; enlisted men one
thousand two hundred and forty-nine; total wounded, one thousand four hundred  and sixty-one;  total deaths, eighty-seven.
      The position of the  Corps on the 29th was about  as follows: the Fifth  in advanced position on the extreme left one
division beyond the Weldon railroad, with its flanks extended across the road; one division of the Ninth Corps connecting with
the right flank of the Fifth; two on left flank, in two lines of works; one division of the Second Corps extending the left ilank
in rear, and one division of Second Corps  extending the right flank in front, and massing across  the Jerusalem  plank-road.
      The operations of the cavalry in August, on the north side, are thus  described by Assistant Surgeon Geo. M. MeUill,
U. S. A.: On the 15th, still moving on the right of the Second  Corps, the pickets of the cavalry division were attacked while
the command halted, and nine men were wounded.  These were carried back three miles to the division hospital near the river,
where the necessary  operations were performed.   On  the  16th, these men, having received  all necessary  attentions, were
transferred to the hospital of the Second Corps to await transportation to City Point, which was hourly expected.  Supported
by  General  Miles's  brigade  of the Second Corps, the  2d  brigade of cavalry made a reconnoissance on the 16th towards
Richmond, advancing on the Charles City road as far as White's tavern, and losing so many wounded in the skirmish attending
this advance that it became necessary to bring up the five ambulances attached  to the 1st brigade,  thus using ten on the field.
At White's tavern, the brigade of infantry was advanced, was sharply engaged  by a heavy force, and, finally, was driven back.
Our forces fell back, and all of the cavalry wounded were brought with them, many riding their horses.  Such of the wounded
of the infantry as there was  room  for were also  carried.  The enemy attacked again before  our forces crossed Avhat is called
Deep Run, the stream from White Oak Swamp.  In this  attack, our cavalry was  driven in some disorder, and ninety were
wounded.   After the enemy was checked, the cavalry wounded were collected and speedily removed in ambulances, borrowed
from the Second Corps, to the hospital of the division near the  Second Corps hospitals, which were situated in a pine wood
near the James river.   Such of the infantry wounded as had been collected were, at the same time, carried to the hospital of
the 2d division of the Second Corps.  They numbered about one hundred.  During the nights of the 16th and 17th,  all the
wounded were thoroughly examined, carefully dressed and well  fed.  Primary operations were  performed  at the same time.
No injuries of  a very remarkable character  were observed.  Among the operations were several resections, and one Pirogott's
amputation.  In the latter case, ten days subsequently, a secondary operation was found necessary.
      It is proper to mention more in detail the  operations of the Fifth and Ninth Corps, more especially those of the Fifth,
which were  peculiar,  as the  corps occupied a position which the enemy could not give up without detriment to their line of
supply,  and so far out on  the flank that it was improper to advance much hospital property to any convenient point until it
should be determined  that the corps could maintain its ground against all odds.  The area was so limited and so much exposed
to fire that Surgeon J. J. Milhau, U. S. A., the medical  director, had to adopt  a plan similar to that employed by the cavalry.
On the 18th, the Ninth Corps had not arrived to support  the  Fifth.  The  enemy, at  one time, swung in  on the right of the
Fifth Corps, turned a part of their line, and took a number of prisoners, whom they carried off on their return to their own
lines. At the earliest moment proper, the Fifth Corps field hospital was advanced to  the Williams house.  In the absence of the
corps director's report, I have recourse to a memoir of that period prepared and submitted to me by Assistant Surgeon George
M. McGill, U.  S. A.   The  Fifth Corps  reached the Weldon  railroad at eleven o'clock A. M., August 18th, four hours before
the rain of that  day.  The enemy attacked at noon.   The hospital  train had  arrived,  and temporary depots were organized,
the patients being placed under tent flies.   Orders were sent to re-establish the field division hospitals on the Prince  George
Court-house road.  A train of wounded was sent  back  from the front at eleven o'clock P. M.  Operators were sent  back to
these hospitals, as it was found impossible to render  the necessary attentions to the  wounded at the temporary depots  without
inconvenience, injury  and unwarrantable risk to the wounded.  The rain had made the locality of the depots a swamp; shelter
was insufficient;  they were situated on a flat swept by the missiles of the enemy.   The  available ambulances were used for the
train.  At eleven o'clock P. m., four hundred were sent in, and  one hundred remained.   The casualties had been chiefly in the
2d division; but the surgeons  of the other divisions assisted  those of the second.   It rained all night.  Two ambulances were
next morning abandoned in the deep mud.   The low grounds being  barely passable for horses, a new and shorter road, via the
Aiken house, Jerusalem plank-road and Williams house, was made on the morning of the 19th.  This new route  became soon
as bad as the old, and proved a severe trial of ambulance discipline and perseverance.  On the 19th, I ordered the Sixth Corps
ambulances, then assisting to clear the Ninth  Corps hospitals, to  report to Inspector Winne, of the Fifth Corps, to remove the
wounded to City Point, where they were sent, having previously received all proper  attention.  The ambulance service on this
occasion was very severe.  Pioneer parties preceded the trains, but the labor became  such that, to avoid utter exhaustion of men
and animals, it became necessary to make a detour towards the front, wliich was  attended by considerable risk.   The transfer
of hospitals and patients from the position on the Prince George Court-house road was, however, successfully effected.  On the 
P!ate XI  op  p. 174
Appendix to  Pan LMed &. Surg History ot ftp Rebellion.
."->';,•.-'■:■-.• 'f.'.i Jif
             MAP
               OF

PETERSBURG a VICINITY
:ftalex. hay«
Reduced from Map of tJae Engineer Bureau
J.Baen, Photohth.
   base Hospital  of the Army  oi" the Jaiiw

h  .Base Hospital  of the Army of the Potomac 
» 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  McPARLIN.
175
afternoon of the 19th, the enemy again assaulted the 2d and 4th divisions, losing heavily, and night set in before the attack was
repulsed, which  increased the difficulty of collecting the wounded.  The darkness was  extreme, and  heavy showers of rain
continued to fall.  A train which left at nine o'clock p. M. was  all night on the road.  On the 20th, five hours were consumed
in getting an ambulance train from the Weldon position to  the Williams  house.  On that morning, however, all 1>he wounded
were lodged in the hospitals, and the field depots emptied.
      During the 19th and 20th, the Ninth Corps was posted in support of the Fifth, its centre opposite the Aiken house, and
one brigade of cavalry was placed on the left of the Fifth Corps on the evening of the 19th.  It had five ambulances, and they
sufficed.  The primary hospital depots of the Ninth Corps were established, with canvas shelter for seventy to each division, at
the following points: Those of the 1st and  3d divisions, at Gurley's;  that of the 2d, at Smith's; and, finally, on the 21st, that
of the 4th, at  the Williams house.   The wounded at the Gurley house, including the rebels wounded  on the 19th, were well
lodged.  The 2d division primary hospital was  distant, approached by a narrow  road,  and open to  attack by the enemy's
cavalry.  The operators accompanied the primary hospitals.  The more elaborate hospitals near army headquarters, with their
wells, ice-houses, convenient kitchens, policed grounds, raised bunks, latrines and  fenced areas, were not abandoned  until it
was evident  that  the  corps was to  occupy the new ground permanently.  Surgeon Otto Schenck, 46th New York, who was
wounded August 20th, died on the 23d.
      On  the morning of the 21st, the Fifth Corps sustained a very heavy attack while the Second  Corps was making its
movement in the direction of Reams's Station; but, being protected by breastworks, the loss was only about one hundred and
fiftv wounded.  The ambulance and  reserve trains on the immediate  field  were  especially exposed.  Several officers and men
were wounded, and some of the ambulances were perforated by shot and shell.   This exposure was unavoidable.  No further
attack was made upon the Fifth  Corps, and it remained undisturbed in possession of the Weldon railroad, and strengthened
the position daily.   The  Ninth Corps was also stationary.  The exposure to which the wounded had been subjected induced
the surgeon-in-chief of the Fifth Corps to construct medical redoubts, as  they were  termed, in the  vicinity of each division.
A deep ditch was  dug, and the earth being thrown up around a stockade of logs, furnished cover from  horizontal missiles,
while a rude roof  protected  the wounded from shells.  A  medicine wagon could be drawn up at the entrance of the  work
convenient for use. After a time, ditches were dug to dry the low grounds occupied by the corps, and a very thorough system
of drainage was adopted. For a limited period, whiskey and quinine were issued to the command to obviate local malarial
influences.
      The Second Corps had marched and countermarched so often and so rapidly, to arrive opportunely at opposite and
distant positions, that it acquired the soubriquet of " Hancock's cavalry."   Men fell out of ranks on these marches, and  many
were sent to City Point, unable to endure further active duty, who were not seriously sick.  In no one camp, says its medical
director in his report  for September, did the  corps remain four days at a time.  The 1st division was  kept moving about for
military reasons, now in rear of one portion of the line, now supporting another, while the 2d division,  on account of the cattle
raid on our rear, September 16th, was kept in a like state of activity in the neighborhood of Prince George  court-house.  This
continued until  September 23d, when the 2d division relieved the Tenth Corps in their  position in the works stretching west
from the Appomattox.
      During September, the hospitals of the Second Corps were at the Burchard and Deserted houses.   The prevailing
diseases were diarrhoea, dysentery  and fevers of the intermittent and typhoid type.  The average number on the daily sick
report was a little  over five per cent.  The railroad was continued, by the 14th day of September, from Cedar Level, Seven-miles
Station, on the City Point and Petersburg  railroad, to WTarren Station, the point on the Weldon railroad  seized  and  held  by
the Fifth Corps.
      About  September 28th, preliminary steps were taken for a movement towards the South Side railroad.  The sick in
field hospitals were sent to City Point.  The cavalry made a reconnoissance to the left on the 20th, accompanied  by a brigade
of infantry.   September 30th, the troops advanced up the Squirrel Level road beyond Poplar Spring church, and position was
taken by General Warren at  the Pegram house, three miles from Yellow tavern.  The troops engaged were portions  of the
Fifth and Ninth Corps and the 3d division of the Second  Corps.  The 3d division of the Second  Corps held the left against
surprise on that flank, and had about seventy wounded.  The Fifth  Corps bore the  brunt of the attack, and its position was
held, and has since been occupied by us, compelling the abandonment of the Squirrel Level road to  a great extent,  and the
employment of a more circuitous route by the enemy between Stony Creek and Petersburg.  The wounded of the Fifth  Corps
were soon attended to near Poplar Grove church, and those of the Ninth at Peeble's house.  They were afterwards sent to City
Point.  Rain  continued on October 1st and 2d, with cold weather, exercising an unfavorable influence upon the troops  and the
roads.  The engagement not being general, the Second Corps advance hospital was not brought nearer than its park at Yellow
tavern, the ambulances affording adequate supplies for the seventy wounded.  At this time, our works  before Petersburg were
occupied by  divisions extended so as to fill the place left vacant by troops sent to the left.  The movement was complete by the
6th of October,  when  quiet was  established, with the exception of artillery duels, sharpshooting and skirmishes of pickets at
different points, until October 26th, when affairs were put in readiness for the movement to  Hatcher's Run.  The Fifth  Corps
division hospitals were established  at Aiken  house and Parke Station, October 1st, and the Ninth Corps hospitals were also
placed there on the 9th of October.
      On the night of October 24th, the 2d and 3d divisions of the Second Corps were withdrawn  from their position  in front
and massed for movement, and,  on the 26th, the Ninth Corps was  prepared also.   The sick of all the corps were sent to City
Point on that day.  The movement was commenced on the 27th, the Ninth Corps, passing along the Squirrel Level road beyond
Fort Cummings, formed in line of battle two miles and a half in advance, its left being near the Clements house.   The hospitals
of this corps established at Peeble's were sufficiently accessible, in excellent condition, and did  not require to be moved. The
Fifth Corps advanced on the left of the Ninth, and soon engaged the enemy's pickets.   The transportation allowed was half
the ambulances, one  medicine wagon and one army wagon to each brigade, which proved adequate to the small number
of wounded in the Fifth and Ninth Corps.   The ambulances of the Ninth Corps advanced to the vicinity of an abandoned rebel 
170                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY OF  THE POTOMAC,  18C1.

fort, and promptly carried back to the field hospital all the wounded, some seventy-five in number.  The Fifth Corps had
half its ambulances at the front.  Its  field hospital, material and medical officers were brought up to Fort Cummings, and a
primal v hospital formed  near the Smith house, where surgical  attention was  given to  the  wounded.  On the  2lith  the 2d
division of the Second Corps also moved, with the medical transportation  allowed, to Fort  Duchesne, whence all but fifteen
ambulances to eacli division were sent  back to the Gurley house to await orders from  the front.  This arrangement was made
by the commander at night in reference to all the transportation, that it might not interfere with the rapid advance of the
troops over a country which was new to them and difficult to penetrate.   The ambulances and wagons in excess of the allowance
for the movement had already been sent back for security to  City Point, in view of the possibility of the  enemy penetrating
some portion of the lines left with comparatively limited  protection.  The medical property of the division hospitals of the
Second Corps was  thus at  three  points, viz.:  At City Point, at the Gurley hou»e, and forty-six ambulances with advancing
troops.   The 2d division,  which had advanced on the Halifax  road before dawn on  the  27th of October, met the enemy
at the crossing of Hatcher's Run, and drove  them from their earthworks.   Application was made to send the  wounded
eighty in number, to the Gurley house rendezvous, with or without an escort, in the ambulances which were  then to return but
this was overruled by the corps commander, the road having become infested by the enemy's cavalry.   They were, therefore
carried with the troops along the Boydtown  road, where  Hill's  Corps and Hampton's cavalry attacked the 2d  division and
Gregg's cavalry.  Several attacks were  made  by the enemy after four o'clock  p. m., the casualties resulting being over four
hundred in the infantry and about one hundred in the cavalry.   The primary rendezvous for the wounded was first made at
Rainey's house, on the Boydtown  road, but as it soon came within musket range of the advancing enemy, and seemed likelv to
be captured, the wounded were removed.  Three medical officers, Surgeon F. A. Dudley, 14th Connecticut, Assistant Surgeon W.
T. Hicks, 7th Virginia, and Assistant  Surgeon W. J. Darby, 59th New York, volunteered to remain and receive  the wounded
who might continue to be brought there under the instructions previously given  to the stretcher-bearers.  The ambulances were
loaded and moved to a grove of pines on the east of the  open space, where the exposure was  materially  less.  The  assault
ceased at dark, and, after some hours, it was ascertained that the struggle  would not be renewed.  Preparations were then
made to withdraw.  The ambulances were loaded to their  utmost capacity, and, escorted by a regiment of infantry, proceeded
to the field hospital  park near Gurley's, where preparations had  been made for sending  the wounded to City Point as soon as
they received the  necessary surgical  attention.  Surgeon T. R. Spencer, U.  S. V., was sent by  me to Warren Station  to
superintend their reception  and transportation by railroad to City Point.
      Medical Director McNulty reports that, for want of ambulances, the  wounded collected  at the Rainey house had to be
left, and fell into the hands of the  enemy.  The medical officers who, during the afternoon, had gallantly  volunteered to remain
with them were  authorized by him to  do so.  The number of wounded left at the house  and  on the field was estimated at two
hundred and fifty.  As no communication has since been received from these  officers, they  are supposed to be  in the hands of the
enemy.  The Second Corps withdrew  slowly after ten o'clock p. M., and bivouacked near Dabney's mills, resuming the inarch
next day.  It rained very hard during the night.   The wounded reached Gurley's early in the  morning, and by night, on the
29th, were in hospital at City Point.  The hospital park at Gurley's was broken up, the property brought up from City Point,
and the regular field hospitals re-established in their former sites behind the works south of Petersburg.  During the movement
to Hatcher's Run, part of General Miles's division of the Second Corps made a demonstration upon the rebel position in front
of Petersburg.
       Surgeon T.  R. Spencer reports that, at Yellow tavern, October 28th,  one  hundred  wounded were sent  early  in the
morning, and, afterwards, the following were sent thence by railroad to City Point: From the Ninth Corps,  white, fifty-seven,
colored, fifty-three, of whom  thirty were sick; Fifth Corps, forty-eight; 2d and  3d divisions of Second Corps, eighty-two.
About twenty-five wounded officers were sent to  City Point.  The depot hospital at City Point reports the reception of six
hundred and thirty-nine wounded men and forty sick and wounded officers on the morning report of the  29th. No further
incidents of interest occurred in October.
       In November, no movement of the army occurred.   The  aggregate  number of wounded admitted  to  the field hospitals
during the month was two hundred and ninety-three. They were sent in due time to the depot hospital at City Point, Virginia.
Investigation into the cause of sickness in certain regiments of the Ninth Corps, the 179th and 186th New  York and the 31st
Maine, in which typho-malarial fever was reported, developed the fact that the men "burrowed" to some extent.  Their camps
were on low ground, near a swamp, and the issues of vegetables had  been  neglected. In order to secure  vegetables  in that
corps, two pounds of coffee in each one  hundred rations were  dropped, and, in lieu, sixty pounds  of potatoes and seventeen
pounds of onions were furnished.
      Fine bath houses existed in all the hospitals and in many of the regiments.   Among those especially mentioned by the
medical inspector for excellence were the ones established by the 35th Massachusetts, the 3d Maryland, the 9th New Hampshire
and the 1st, 2d and 6th Michigan.  The troops in reserve adopted, as winter approached, a nearly uniform system of huts.   In
the forts, shelter tents and bomb-proofs were used, and covered ways  connected the  forts at points exposed to sharpshooters.
The  bomb-proofs consisted of long trenches  roofed over and covered in,  on the aspect   facing  the  enemy,  by  means of
heavy logs, protected by a thickness of two or  three feet of earth and sand bags.  Generally no attempt was made  to make
them impenetrable to rain.   Two or three fire places were  built in each bomb proof along the  open rear-ward side, and sleeping
bunks were constructed.  The huts were generally six feet by ten  and not less  than five feet  and a half to the eaves, roofed by
shelter tents,  and intended for four men; but, as one or more were absent on detached duty at a time, a smaller number usually
occupied them at night.   The field division hospitals were well supplied with funds, but no adequate facilities existed for making
purchases.  The medical inspector of the Second Corps reports the hospital  fund as follows:  First division field hospital, on
hand, November 30th, two thousand and seventy-five dollars and seventy-seven cents; expended during November, seven hundred
and seventy-six dollars and eighty-five  cents; 2d division field hospital, on hand, November 30th, one thousand eight hundred and
five dollars and eighty-five cents; expended during November, two hundred and two dollars and sixty-one cents; 3d division field
hospital, on hand. November 30th, one  thousand two hundred and  eighty-two dollars and forty-two cents;  artillery brigade field 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR McPARLTN.                          177
hospital, on hand, November 30th, sixty-four dollars and fourteen cents.  The hospital fund of the other corps and at City Point
depot hospital amounted to some thousands of dollars.  The capacity of the depot, hospital at City Point, this month, was six
thousand four hundred and nineteen beds.   Five hundred barrels of apples, received from the patriotic merchants of New York, as
per letter of Charles A. Eisjhter, Esq., dated November 24th, were distributed to the hospitals.  In December, I expended nearly
two thousand dollars, from  funds in my hands, in purchase of turkeys, celery  and cranberry sauce, which were distributed and
served throughout the army hospitals on Christmas day.  The colored division of the  Ninth Corps having left this  army late
in November, the hospital  for  such  troops was  broken up.   The divisions of the Sixth  Corps returned  to the army of the
Potomac, at different dates early in December, from duty in the Shenandoah valley. They were promptly supplied with medical,
hospital and ambulance property, as their supplies could not be brought with them   December 7th,  an expedition moved
against the Weldon  railroad to the  southward.  It was composed of the Fifth Corps,  four batteries, three divisions  of the
Second Corps, and  General Gregg's cavalry, and one battery with the bridge equipage  of canvas boats.   Men  unable to
march were sent to the field hospitals, and a flying hospital organized to accompany the command according to previous usage.
Medical Inspector C. K. Winne, of the Fifth Corps, and Assistant Surgeon E. J. Marsh, U. S. A., chief medical  officer of the
cavalry, detail the operations of their respective commands in the accompanying reports.
      The total number of wounded admitted to the field division hospitals of the army during December was three hundred
and ninety.  To collect the sick and  wounded from the front line immediately before Petersburg, picket stations for ambulances
had been designated. In some corps, almost one-third of the ambulances were sent out.  Each ambulance, when used, returned
to its park from the division hospital  and was relieved by another.   After  a short stay in division hospital, serious cases were
sent by railroad to depot hospital  at City Point, and thence, if no improvement was noticed in them, they were  transferred to
the general hospitals north.  For this service, the transports of the Surgeon General were exclusively used, except when great
emergencies  made it proper to send more rapidly than  the  regular  medical  steamers permitted.  General  Ingalls,  Chief
Quartermaster, in such  cases promptly placed  the  quartermaster steamers at the disposal  of this department.  The steamers
conveying the sick and wounded from City Point were the following:  Steamer State  of Maine,  Surgeon Janes in charge;
capacity, five hundred beds.  Steamer Connecticut, Surgeon Hood in charge; capacity, four hundred beds.  Steamer Western
Metropolis, Acting Assistant Surgeon W. M. Hudson, U. S. A., in charge;  capacity, four hundred and fifty beds.  Steamer De
Molay, Surgeon Seaverns in charge; capacity three hundred beds. Steamer Baltic, Assistant Surgeon Thomas McMillen, U. S. A.,
in charge; capacity, five hundred beds.   Steamer Atlantic, Surgeon D. P. Smith, U. S. V., in charge;  capacity five hundred
beds.  The two last ocean steamers came only to Fortress Monroe,  where patients were sent for transfer to them.  Steamers of
more convenient draught and entirely sea worthy, such as the Ben De Ford and S. N. Spaulding, were sent to City Point, after
their superiority  became evident. Patients were  sent direct from  City  Point to Washington, Point  Lookout, Annapolis,
 Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York.
      In the depot hospital at  City Point, preparations were made for the winter by the erection of stockade buildings with
open fire-places.   Many fine wards  were  thus added.  The tents  which were kept in use were supplied  with frames and
heated.  In order to preserve them, many tents were taken  down and stored.  At the same time, the division hospitals at the
front were made  ready for winter.   The  ambulance  corps put up very comfortable  stockades  and stables  for the men and
animals at points convenient to their division hospitals.  It is proper to remark that, since August  last, the  duties of nurses,
attendants, cooks and orderlies at  the depot hospitals have been, to a great extent, performed by detailed musicians, the services
of able-bodied men being required with their regiments. An efficient officer of the line was detailed by each corps commander
for the general charge of the musicians of  his corps, and, on requisition of the chief medical officer, the detail for hospital guard
was furnished by corps  commanders.  The inmates  of the depot hospital were not  detached from their  commands, and no
descriptive lists were made out for them.   Difficulties and delays having been experienced, in some cases, in obtaining clothing
for patients, orders were issued, in November, from army headquarters, instituting a system whereby clothing required wras to
be issued  by the line officer in charge of the detailed men in each corps hospital,  who  transferred the  receipt rolls to the
regimental quartermaster of the  regiment to which the man signing the receipt rolls belonged, taking his receipt for  them
in the usual  form, which  receipt was to  be his voucher for the clothing issued.  The  regimental  quartermaster transferred
the rolls to the proper company commander, taking his  receipt in  the same  manner.   By thus obviating the necessity of
descriptive lists being furnished, a great deal of labor and  time was  saved in administration, and the patients were cared for
in a manner not elsewhere possible, except in an established general hospital.   They were  readily returned to their commands
when convalescent, as these were in the vicinity of the hospitals.-  Subsequently to the period embraced in this report, orders
from the Lieutenant General Commanding required paymasters paying troops to go to the depot hospitals, and there pay all
mustered men belonging to the  regiments they had paid at the front.  Whenever, at the front, it was desirable, in anticipation
of a movement, that the patients whose hasty removal would  be injurious should be sent away, this could readily be done at
night, using  the  railroad to City Point.   It was thus  easy to keep the hospitals clear at all times. The  report of the  chief
medical officer at City Point from May to  October accompanies this.   The records of no  army furnish a parallel establishment,
and I regret the more that time and  the incompleteness of reports render it difficult to represent fully its character and  value.
      The regimental reports of  sick and wounded, which I have had consolidated so far as they have been received, enable
me to make the following approximate statements with regard to the sick and wounded of the army during the past  year.
By order of the Surgeon General, reports  were also furnished me from the general hospitals north, in order that the disposition
of cases sent from the army might be ascertained.  Certain sources of error are incident to the reports of an army in the field
during active operations.   Wounded are  known to have passed directly to the depot hospital without being registered in their
regiments, or  entering the field hospitals,  and  sick and wounded of the Ninth and Eighteenth  Corps received attention from
medical officers of the army  of the Potomac, in regard to whom no reports have ever been forwarded by the corps medical directors
to this office for consolidation.  The  following figures, however, are offered as a close approximate to the truth:  I estimate the
total number of wounded attended to by this department during the year ending December 31, 1864, at sixty thousand  three
hundred.   The annual report shows an aggregate  of wounds and injuries (Class V) of only fifty-one thousand eight hundred
        23 
178                  APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF THE  POTOMAC,  1864.
                       »
and seventy-seven.  There is every reason, also, to believe that the number of sick reported, viz., one hundred and seventy-throe
thousand and sixty-three, falls short of the actual number.   Of the aggregate sick and wounded, the number who passed out
of the army to general  hospital  are reported at seventy thousand eight  hundred and fifty-eight; but. including those not
reported and those of other corps attached temporarily to the army, should be eighty-thousand  one hundred and  eighty-one
Of the total number of sick and wounded reported, the  number returned to duty from field hospitals was one hundred and fifty
thousand and twenty-nine; returned to duty from depot hospital, thirteen thousand six hundred and ninety;  from northern
general hospitals, twenty-two thousand seven hundred and  eighty-six; total returned to duty, one  hundred and eighty-six
thousand five hundred and five.  The number transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps in the field was five hundred and fifty-
six;  in general hospitals,  three hundred and eleven;  total, eight hundred and sixty-seven.  The number discharged the
service in the field was  one thousand and fifty-three;  in depot field hospital, ten; in general  hospitals, three thousand and
eighty-two; total, four thousand one hundred and forty-five.  The number of patients who deserted  from field hospitals was
one hundred and ten ; from depot hospital, one hundred and twenty-seven ; from general hospitals,  one thousand and seventy-
four ; total, one thousand three hundred and eleven.  Died, in the field, two thousand five  hundred and eighty-nine • in depot
hospital, one thousand three hundred  and forty-seven;  in  northern  general  hospitals, six thousand seven  hundred and
forty-three; total, ten thousand six  hundred and seventy-nine.  Furloughed, in the field, five hundred and  thirty-seven- in
depot hospital,  seven hundred and  sixty-one; total, one thousand two hundred and ninety-eight.  There remained on sick
sick  report, in the field, December  31, 1864, two thousand five hundred and sixty; in depot hospital, two thousand eight
hundred  and ninety-five; in northern hospitals, seventeen thousand eight hundred and sixteen.
      These reports also show that seventy-four per centum of the number of cases belong to zymotic  diseases and wounds viz.:
Miasmatic fevers and diarrhoea, fifty-one per centum, chiefly in June, July, August, September, October and November; gunshot
wounds,  twenty-three per centum, chiefly in May, June, July and August.  So large a  proportion of cases  being directly
attributable to the climate and to the  active and prolonged campaign, it  is only just to remark that the conservation of the
health and strength of the army has been accomplished  to an  extent that reflects credit upon its officers, and is  duly appreciated
by the  men.  Assistant Surgeon  J. B. Brinton, U. S. A., medical purveyor, has kept  the army well supplied with medical
stores.   The steamer Planter and several barges are in use for that purpose at the medical department landing near City Point.
Articles of hospital comfort and luxury, purchased from the proceeds  of a tax on newspapers, have been dispensed by the
purveyor gratuitously.  The amount of this fund received since last report (see page 167) has been one thousand four hundred
and ninety-nine dollars and twenty cents; amount expended, two hundred and sixty-one dollars and seventy-five cents; balance
on hand, December 31, 1864,  nine  thousand and twenty-five  dollars and thirty-nine cents; total amount received during the
year 1864, twenty thousand nine hundred and twenty-seven dollars and forty-five cents; total amount expended during the year,
eleven thousand nine hundred and two  dollars and six cents.  The abstracts of hospital fund, as far as received at this office,
indicate in the hospitals at the front a hospital fund remaining at the end of the year of six thousand  three hundred and ninety-
two dollars and forty-one cents, and  at the depot field hospital at City Point, the reports  from  which are also  incomplete, of
five thousand two hundred and twenty-eight dollars and sixty-four cents.
      The strength of the medical department for the period embraced in this report has been as follows: Medical officers,
August, five hundred and seventy-seven; September, four hundred and ninety-four;  October, four hundred and seventy-seven;
November, four hundred and sixty-six;  December, five hundred and nine.  Hospital stewards (not regimental), August, forty-
four; September, thirty-one;  October, thirty-five; November, forty-one; December, thirty-nine. Ambulance corps, Officers,
August,  thirty-nine; September,  thirty -three; October, thirty-nine; November, thirty-nine; December, thirty-eight.  Men,
August, one thousand five hundred and thirty-seven; September,  one thousand four  hundred; October, one thousand five
hundred and six; November, one thousand five hundred and thirty-nine;  December, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-
seven.
      Assistant Surgeon J. S. Billings  and George  M. McGill, U. S. A., have lately been detached from this army for duty
elsewhere.   They have been on  special  duty  at these headquarters, and I  desire to  express to  the Commanding General
my high sense of the valuable services rendered by them to me and the department.
                                        Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                                   THOS.  A. McPARLIN,
                                                                             Medical Director Army of  the Potomac.
To the Surgeon  General  of  the Army.
CXLIV.   Extract from a Report of the  Operations of the Medical Department of the Cavalry
      during KilpatricMs Raid.   By Surgeon Charles E. Hackley, U. S. Volunteers.
      #  *  *  "General Kilpatrick's command, consisting of seven hundred men from the 1st division of Cavalry, four hundred
from the 2d division, and  about two thousand four hundred from the 3d, started from  Stevensburg, February 28, 1864, at
seven o'clock P. M., and crossed the Rapidan at Ely's Ford, where a picket post, consisting of a captain, lieutenant and twelve
men, were captured by Colonel Dahlgren, who led the advance.  Continuing our march via Chancellorsville, Spottsylvania Court-
house, Mount Pleasant and New Market, we reached Beaver Dam Station at three P. M., February 29th.  Near Beaver Dam, we
were opposed by a small force of rebels, who were quickly driven off without loss on  our part.  The command  halted for some
hours about seven miles from Beaver Dam  Station.  We started early on the morning of the 1st of March, and reached the
outer earthworks of-Richmond, on the Brook pike, about ten o'clock A. m.  About noon, a demonstration was made towards the
city, during which two men were wounded.  They were brought off when we retired.  It has since been  reported that some
others were shot near the inner fortifications, but I do not know  of any being left behind.  It being found impossible  to enter
the city.at that point, and night coming on, the command was withdrawn.   About eleven o'clock P. JM., our camp was  shelled,
and, simultaneously, an attack was  made on us by dismounted cavalry armed  with carbines.  A number of our men were 
REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS  HACKLEY  AND  McGILL.
179
wounded, and, as the command was obliged to withdraw, we were unable to bring off any of them who were too badly injured
to ride.  We now marched towards White House, passed New Kent Court-house and Williamsburg, and arrived at Yorktown on
the morning of the 4th of March.  On the morning of the 2d, after leaving the vicinity of Richmond, we had some skirmishing
with the enemy's cavalry, and two men of the 1st Maine Cavalry were shot through the thigh; there  were, also, some slight
sabre wounds.  Six ambulances accompanied the expedition.  Two of them went with Colonel Dahlgren, who, with a party
of five hundred men, went by way of Frederick's Hall Station to the James river, thence, failing to cross the river, down to
Richmond.  These ambulances were captured, together with Assistant Surgeon S. T. Kingston, 2d New York Cavalry, who
accompanied them.  Colonel Dahlgren, Lieutenant Colonel Cooke, of the 2d New York Cavalry, and a party of about eighty
men were separated from the main body during the night of March 1st.  The main body of the  detachment joined General
Kilpatrick, March 2d, about noon.   They report having lost a number of men killed and wounded in front of Richmond during
the  evening of the 1st of March; also, some  were wounded, in  trying  to join General Kilpatrick, on the  morning of the 2d.
Their wounded were all left behind.  Colonel Dahlgren, with  his party,  crossed the Pamunkey  and  Mattapony rivers,  and
attempted to reach Gloucester Court-house; "but the citizens of King  and Queen county, together with  soldiers at home on
furlough, turned out in large numbers, and ambushed the party, killing its gallant leader and dispersing and capturing most of
his  followers.  We brought to Yorktown nine seriously wounded and some sick in the ambulances.  Among the wounded, one
required amputation at the shoulder joint.
      Owing to the rapidity of the march, it was impossible to expect much from tbe medical department; but, so far as I can
learn, very great attention was paid, by the  surgeons of the different regiments, to those of our wounded who  could be found,
and to the tired-out soldiers of the command.  Our wounded and  those who, it was supposed, would be seriously sick, were sent
from Yorktown to general hospital at Fortress Monroe. The number sent was  thirty-four.  I might remark that, so far as I
can learn, a large number of the wounded and missing were among men  straggling from the  command, either on account of
fatigue or loss of horses.  Two nights and a day, during our march, were quite rainy and cold, but there was not, apparently, as
much suffering from this account as I expected there would have  been.  A number of cases of painfully swelled feet came under
my observation.  These were partly attributable to the boots not having been removed and the spur straps being tight, and partly,
doubtless, to the McClellan saddles interfering with the circulation in the legs.  Haemorrhoids, also, were frequently complained
of.  It is very probable that the blanket projecting between the bars of the saddle, and heating the anus, produced this painful
trouble, and the circumstance that the opening in the saddle leaves the perinaeum  without support may also have some causative
effect.  If all army saddles were furnished  with the pad  on the seat frequently used by officers, it would, in my opinion, be
much more  pleasant and healthy for the men."      *      *       *
CXLY.   Extract from a Report on the Expedition of the  Cavalry  Corps during May, 1S64.
      By Assistant Surgeon George M. McGtill, U.  S. Array.
      * *   *   " On the 9th day of May, Surgeon Pease being too  sick for mounted duty, I was made acting medical director by
Major General Sheridan.  The corps was, at that time, upon the march, and numbered about nine thousand mounted men.  There
was one ambulance at the headquarters of the corps, and the  batteries of artillery had each  an ambulance, in which, however,
the mess things of the artillery officers and their bedding were carried; the ambulance boxes- contained the usual supply of beef
stock, etc.  Thirty-one ammunition wagons were with the command, all heavily laden, but not the less adapted to ambulance
service, for, as was afterwards shown, an engagement used up ammunition enough to make it possible to carry such of the
wounded men as were cases to bring along, and yet unable to ride their horses.  Each medical officer had a field companion,
and each regiment was provided with the field register.   During the five  days  in which we  had no  communication, the
medicines and dressings on hand were used up, but a supply of dressings were  obtained by a foraging party.   The wounded
were abundantly fed by foraging.  As the corps headquarters was the most stable position in the command, it was ordered that
all the wounded who were able to ride their horses should be sent thither.  Acting Assistant Surgeon Rogers was  placed in
charge of these men, and Acting Assistant Surgeon McGuigan ordered to report to him.  After a capture of three rebel wagons
and three ambulances, made upon the night of the 9th of May, a corps ambulance train was organized, and the same officer put
in charge.  As the number of our wounded increased, the battery ambulances, with such spring wagons as could be appropriated
in the corps or taken from inhabitants of the country, were added to the train, which finally assumed formidable proportions,
and presented a remarkable appearance from the variety of vehicles embraced in it.  The first engagement was on the telegraph
road approaching Childsburg;  an affair of the rear  guard, in which, however,  we lost  heavily.  Many of the wounded were
captured by the enemy, but nineteen were saved and transported in ammunition wagons.  On the night of the 9th and morning
of the 10th, we had twenty men and officers wounded in skirmishing.  During the afternoon of the 11th,  the battle of Yellow
tavern was fought, an engagement in which the whole corps was concerned.  Our corps hospital was established half a mile in
the rear of the centre; it was under fire part of the time, but there was no situation within our  lines that  was not.  It was
thoroughly organized with a surgeon in charge,  operators, dressers  and recorders.  The night and day following this battle
were extremely trying for the wounded, as the corps moved during  the night to near Meadow  bridge, within the outer defences of
Richmond, and fought all the day.   On the 12th, the corps was engaged on three sides.   On the  left, facing Richmond, the 3d
division was engaged with  one of the rebel fortifications.   On the right, the  2d  division  contended against a heavy force of
infantry, while the 1st division built a bridge over the Chickahominy, and forced  a passage in  the face  of the cavalry force
defeated by the corps the day before.  The wounded from these points were sent to  the corps train after being carefully dressed.
Most of the cases saved were brought off on horseback, as all our ambulances were  already overloaded.   Our loss was com-
paratively light, forty men in all being wounded in the 2d and 3d divisions.   On the afternoon and evening of the  same day,
the corps fought at  Mechanicsville, and, during the two days following, marched to  Haxall's landing, which was reached
on the afternoon of  the 14th.  During these  days, surgeons  were detailed night and morning  to dress and attend to the 
13Q                  APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY  OF THE  POTOMAC,  1864.

wounded.  As soon as Medical Director McCormick heard of our arrival, he sent a transport well fitted up for the wounded.
While lying at Haxall's, nearly three hundred men were sent to general hospital, two hundred and ten of whom were wounded.
Much needed medical supplies were here obtained for the corps.  From Haxall's, we moved to White House, where fifty-seven
sick and wounded were sent to general hospital.  On the 18th, while lying at Baltimore stores, an expedition was  made bv
Brigadier General Custar, who cut the Richmond and Fredericksburg railroad near Hanover Court-house.   In this expedition,
two men were wounded, one of whom was lost.  Crossing the  Pamunkey river, the corps next marched to Dunkirk, on the
Mattapony, thence to our wagon train, near Milford Station.  In all there were about three hundred and eighty men  wounded
during the expedition, of whom about two hundred and eighty-five were secured."
CXLVI.   Extract from a Report on the Operations of the  Cavalry Corps of the Army of the
      Potomac, from June 6 to July  1, 1864:.   By Surgeon R. ~W. Pease, U. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "On the evening of June 6th, I was directed to make preparations for a movement of the 1st and 2d divisions
of this corps, which would  probably involve an  absence  of  several  weeks.  Orders  were given by the Major General
commanding  that but four ambulances  to  each division  and two for headquarters should  accompany the expedition.
Instructions were immediately issued to have one ambulance loaded for each division, and an army wagon was well filled with
supplies of ail kinds, and taken with the headquarter train.  The command marched on the morning of June 7th, crossing the
Pamunkev river at New Castle Ferry, and moved towards the Virginia Central railroad, intending to strike it near Trevillian
Station.  Our march was uninterrupted until the morning of the  11th,  when, about four  miles east of Trevillian Station, we
came  upon the enemy in force.  The  engagement continued with  great fury until about  four o'clock P. M., the  rebels being
driven about five miles beyond the railroad.   Our loss was about one hundred and sixty wounded.  These, with about seventy
wounded rebels, were brought to our field hospital, and every possible attention given  them.   At eleven o'clock P. m., all but
thirty-six severely wounded were placed  in army wagons  and moved to the station.   Those left were placed in charge
of Assistant Surgeon R. Rae, 1st New York Dragoons, with whom five hospital attendants and rations for five days were left,
with medical supplies in sufficient quantity for immediate wants.  The greater part of the 12th was occupied in  destroying the
railroad.   At five o'clock P. M., the enemy was found about three miles west of the station in a strong position, entrenched and
fully prepared for an attack.   A spirited engagement ensued,  which continued until  after dark.   Our loss, in this attack,
amounted to  about three  hundred  and sixty-six wounded.  Our hospital was  established at the station in  a large and
commodious building. Orders were received at eleven  o'clock  P. M. to be ready to move our wounded by midnight.  Thirty
army and twelve ammunition wagons  were assigned for the purpose.  All who could not be transported in these wagons and
in our ten ambulances were placed in carriages and other vehicles,  which we had impressed on our route.  In addition to our
own wounded, we had about forty  severely wounded rebels.  All were brought along on our return except the rebels, the
thirty-six wounded  left after the first day's fight,  and  ninety-four severely wounded  on  the  12th.  The latter were left at
Trevillian Station in charge of Assistant Surgeon  Stickler, 10th  New York Cavalry, and Assistant  Surgeon Powell, 1st New
York Cavalry.  One hospital steward and seven attendants were left  with them, with  rations for three days and nearly
all the remainder of our medical supplies.  Our  train of  wounded was at  once fully  organized, and six medical  officers
detached to attend  it.   On  the 19th, we reached King and  Queen Court-house, and from thence sent the wounded  to
Washington, via Wrest Point.  Seven of the wounded  died before reaching Washington.  On the morning of the 20th, we
resumed  our march for White  House, Virginia, being hastened  by a  message stating that that place had been attacked.
We made the inarch of twenty miles in four hours, but found the enemy had been repulsed.   On  the 21st, the corps moved
to Jones's bridge, skirmishing nearly all day.  Thirty-seven were  wounded.   Five or six of  the 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry
fell into the hands of the enemy ; two were wounded by bushwhackers; making a total loss of forty-five men.   Orders were
received to send our sick and wounded to Washington the next day.  Forty wounded and eleven sick were sent accordingly.
On the 23d, during a skirmish near Jones's bridge, on the Chickahominy, we had four killed and nine wounded.   We received
into our hospital ten of the *28th U. S. Colored Troops, wounded at the same time.  On the 24th, the 2d division was attacked by
the rebel cavalry while on the St. Mary's church road, parallel to the Charles  City Court-house road, on which a train of eight
hundred  wagons, left at White  House for this  command to guard to the James river, was moving.  The division was driven
back to Charles City Court-house, and lost about two hundred men.  The severely wounded fell into the hands of the enemy.
On the 26th, I received an order from General Sheridan to go with the wounded and sick to Washington."
CXLYII.  Extract from a Report on the Operations of the Ambulance  Corps of the Fifth Army
      Corps  during  the  occupation  of  the  Weldon  Railroad,  August  18  to  21,  1S01.   J>y
      Captain W. F. Drum,  Chief Ambulance Officer of the  Fifth Corps.
      *  *  *  "At four o'clock  a. m., August 18, 1864,  the  Fifth Corps  commenced its movement towards the Weldon
railroad, which it was to occupy and hold.  Eighty ambulances, being one-half of the whole number, and one medicine wagon
to each division, were ordered to accompany the command, following  in its rear.  The remainder of the ambulances, with the
heavy portion of the ambulance and hospital train, were left at the old ambulance park, near army headquarters, under charge
of a  commissioned  officer.   Twenty-five hospital tent  flies were carried in  the ambulances, to be used as a shelter for the
wounded.  The command reached the railroad about  ten o'clock A.  si , after driving in and capturing a few of the enemy s
cavalry pickets, and immediately commenced  destroying the track.  The point occupied by the corps was about  five miles
south of Petersburg, four north of Reams's Station, and six southwest  from  the Avery house.  The enemy soon commenced
making demonstrations from the direction of Petersburg, and, later in the day, made an  attack in force.  On the march to this 
                      REPORT  OF ASSISTANT  SURGEON  THOMAS  G.  McKENZIE.                   181

point, quite a number of men were so much affected by the heat as to be unfit for duty, and, before the action commenced, they
were sent to the rear in ambulances.  Orders were at the same  time  given to re-establish the hospitals on the old ground, the
tents having been packed  up on the night of the 17th, and for the remainder of the ambulances to come to the front.   Durin^
the action of the afternoon, a few ambulances at a time were taken to a convenient point as near the line of battle as possible"
To this point the wounded were carried on stretchers; they were then conveyed in ambulances a half or three-fourths of a
mile to the various depots established by the surgeons.   As there was not a sufficient number of ambulances to convey all the
wounded, a few were left at the field depot, under tent flies, until the next morning, when  they were  also sent back.   Owin<*
to the great distance back to the hospital and ambulance park, the ambulances sent back with the sick, and those ordered up^
did not reach the front until early on the morning of the  19th.   Those sent with the wounded on the  evening of the 18th also
returned during the morning.  The medical director of the corps now ordered the hospitals to be moved up°to a point on the
plank-road between the Jones house and the Williams house.  At three o'clock p. m. on the 19th, the enemy made an attack in
strong force. The wounded of this day were carried on stretchers to the ambulances, as the day before.  Our communication
with the hospitals not being safe for a time, the ambulances with the wounded were parked until it was ascertained that the road
was open, when they were  sent back under charge of commissioned and non-commissioned officers.  The wounded last brought
in were started for the hospitals by midnight.  Having had much rain, the roads became almost impassable, even to ambulances
so that it was with great difficulty that a train of wounded could be taken through.   During the morning of the 20th  all the
ambulances returned to tbe front, and  were in readiness for action.   The day, however,  passed quietly.   New roads  were
looked up to be used in case of necessity.  On the morning of the  21st, the enemy again  made a determined assault on our
lines, but  was repulsed, leaving many wounded in  our hands.   The wounded were carried back as usual  on stretchers, and
after having their wounds  dressed, were placed in ambulance and sent to the hospitals.  The ambulances were this day under
a severe artillery fire.  During the three  days' fighting, the ambulances conveyed, from tbe field of battle to the hospitals of
the corps,  seven hundred  and seventy-three of our wounded,  thirty of the Ninth Corps  and  one hundred and fifty-three of
the enemy, besides about three hundred sick sent to the hospital on  the 18th and  19th.  Owing to the condition of the roads
and the distance, it was considered impracticable to send any of the Fifth Corps ambulances to City Point, our sick and wounded
were  therefore, by direction of the medical director of the army, taken from the Fifth Corps hospitals to  City Point  by the
ambulance train of the Sixth Corps.   The large  number of casualties which occurred among them is good  evidence that
the men of the ambulance corps did their  duty well under fire. Great credit is due  the officers and men for the untiring-
energy with which they worked day and night in the rain and mud in order to transport the wounded to the hospitals as rapidly
as possible.  During the three days' engagement, two sergeants  were  killed, one sergeant and five stretcher-men wounded, and
nineteen stretcher-men missing, ma*king the total number of casualties in the  ambulance corps twenty-seven.  Eight  horses
were also killed, and shells passed through two of the ambulances."       *       *      *
 CXLYIII.  Extracts from the Report of the Acting Assistant Medical Purveyor of the Army
      of the Potomac  for May  and  June, 1864.   By  Assistant  Surgeon  Thomas G. McKenzie,
      U. S. Army.

      *  *   *  <• in accordance with Special Order No. 92, dated headquarters army of the Potomac, April 9,1864,1 proceeded
 to Alexandria, Virginia, for the purpose of establishing a medical purveying depot at that place.  Having obtained a suitable
 building, No. 43 Union  street, I remained  on duty there, receiving and storing medical supplies, and  awaiting further orders.
 On the morning of May 8th, I received orders from the Acting Surgeon General to despatch at once to Rappahannock Station,
 on the Orange and Alexandria railroad, a battle-field supply for  three thousand wounded for seven days, including barrels for
 ice water, tin cups, buckets, etc., etc., for the use of the wounded on the train expected from the front.   The supplies were sent
 forward immediately in charge of a responsible steward, two cars having been loaded for a number  of days previous with a
 battle-field supply.  The supply arrived safely at its destination, where it remained until the morning of the 9th of May, and
 was then ordered back to Alexandria.   Immediately on its arrival, in accordance with instructions  received in the meantime from
 the Surgeon General's  Office, the stores were  unloaded and conveyed  on board the steamers State of Maine and Connecticut,
 then lying at the wharf.  These stores were all placed under  the charge of Surgeon  John H.  Brinton, U. S. V., who was
 ordered to proceed to Fredericksburg with them.  The steamers started early on the morning  of the 10th of May for Belle
 Plain.  Assistant Surgeon George P. Jacquette, U. S. A., having been  placed in charge of the medical supply steamers Hugh
 Jenkins and Farmer, was also despatched to Belle Plain, where he arrived before any other vessel was in sight, and a day in
 advance of the arrival of the wounded from  Fredericksburg at that point.  Communication was  at once opened with Surgeon
 E. B. Dalton, U. S. V., chief medical  officer at Fredericksburg, by Assistant Surgeon Jacquette.  Besides the supplies taken
 down by Surgeon Brinton and Assistant Surgeon Jacquette, I was ordered, May 11th, to proceed to Belle Plain with two barges
 loaded with medical and hospital stores, and arriving early on the morning of the 12th, I reported to Acting Medical Inspector
 General Cuyler.   On my arrival at Belle Plain, I found it impracticable for the  steamers Hugh Jenkins and Farmer to lay
 alongside the wharf, on account of the shallowness  of the water.  There was, at that time, but one  wharf, at which not only all
 the stores of the several departments were unloaded, but the troops arriving as re-enforcements had to  be disembarked.  To
 add to the  confusion,  all  the  wounded were conveyed  along this  wharf to  the  transports, and hence it was an utter
 impossibility to work expeditiously or effectually. •  Such being the case, it was thought best for  the supply steamers to remain
 out in the stream, sending supplies ashore on a lighter as they were needed. Accordingly one was obtained from the quarter-
master, together with a  gang of  negroes.  The two barges under my immediate charge were brought up as near the wharf as
possible, and such articles as could be furnished from them,  including hospital stores, bedding, clothing, etc., etc., were conveyed
across other  barges,  and loaded  on the wagons as speedily as  they came  up.  In this way, requisitions were  oftentimes filled,
and arranged on the  barge, occupied by Acting Medical Inspector General Cuyler as his headquarters, alongside the wharf 
1S2                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC,  1864.

before the wagons were there to receive them.  Moreover, a hospital tent was pitched on shore, in charge of a steward, and filled
from the steamers and barges with  such  supplies as were most likely to meet emergencies.  *   *  Having  remained  at Belle
Plain until the morning of May 19th, I was ordered to turn over the remainder of my supplies to Assistant Surgeon Jacquette
and  report to  the Acting  Surgeon General at Washington  City.  I left Belle Plain,  May 19th,  and reported to the Acting
burgeon General, May 20th.  The same night, the steamer Planter was ordered to report to me, and I was instructed to load her
with all the supplies then in the warehouse at Alexandria.  Two barges were also  sent me to load such stores as could not be
transported by the steamer.  In addition to the above, another  barge was procured and loaded exclusively  with portions of a
requisition made by Assistant  Surgeon J. B.  Brinton, IT. S. A., medical purveyor, army of the Potomac, May 27, 1864.  An
extract from a letter accompanying this requisition, I  here quote: ' It is also desirable that he procure a barge and load it with
three thousand iron bedsteads or wooden cots, three thousand mattresses, ten thousand sheets, seven thousand pillows, one
hundred brooms, four hundred rubber cushions with  open centre, ten thousand pillow cases,  five thousand suits of  hospital
clothing,  two  thousand blankets,  three thousand counterpanes, five hundred  wooden buckets, twenty  caldrons,  twelve
cooking stoves with furniture complete, ten barrels of sulphate of iron for disinfectant purposes, two hundred pounds cocoa or
chocolate, two hundred pounds corn starch, one hundred  dozen bottles porter, six hundred pounds oakum  and one thousand
bed sacks. The above supply to be on a separate boat, and not to be used unless the emergency requires,  which emergency
will  be the establishing of hospitals.'
      Having completed  the loading of the steamer and barges, I was ordered,  on the morning of May 26th, to proceed to
Port Royal, Rappahannock river, Virginia, where I arrived on the evening of the 28th, remained during the night, and left next
morning at daylight for White  House, Virginia, Pamunkey river, in obedience to orders received from Acting Medical Inspector
General Cuyler.  Arriving at White House, May 31st, I selected an eligible position, apart from the other departments, at a point
near the wagon road, made a bridge of my barges, and commenced operations.  I had completed all my arrangements before any
requisitions were presented. From that period until June 14th, I remained at White House, where nearly two hundred requisitions
were filled.  The amount issued was extremely large, but the supply on hand being ample, Assistant Surgeon Jacquette, U. S. A.,
having turned over to me the steamers Hugh Jenkins and Farmer,  by order of the Acting Surgeon  General, all the articles
required for were furnished, no  deficiencies occurring except in the case of such  articles as it had been impossible to obtain
from the purveyor at Washington, chiefly iron bedsteads or cots.   *   *  Besides the usual supplies, issues were also  made of
extra articles purchased by the fund accruing  from the tax on newspapers,  and  entrusted to the care of the medical director of
the army  of the Potomac for the benefit of the sick and wounded.  There have been received and issued the following articles
purchased from the above fund, viz.: seven hundred dozen  cans of peaches,  in two pound cans, three hundred dozen cans of
tomatoes,  in two pound cans, two hundred bottles of assorted jellies, one hundred boxes of lemons, fifty boxes of oranges, forty
barrels  of Boston crackers and six barrels of  cucumber pickles.   In addition to the above, thirty boxes of lemons and  thirty of
oranges were sent by the department, on requisition made by Assistant Surgeon Brinton.  Ice has also been furnished in consider-
able quantities, not only supplying the immediate wants of the  corps hospitals at the depot, but also sending it forward to the
division hospitals in the field.   The department has also furnished, on requisition, such articles as condensed milk, tea, extract
of coffee,  porter, wines of different kinds, brandy, etc.  From time to time, as occasion required, telegraphic requisitions were
sent to Washington to the Acting Surgeon General, and the  articles were immediately forwarded.  On June 14th, I left White
House under orders to proceed to Jamestown island, on the James river, and there await further instructions.  I arrived there
on the evening of the 15th of June, remained during that night, and, on the afternoon of the 16th, proceeded as far as North
Bend, at which point a pontoon  bridge was laid, over which troops were passing.  About midnight, I left this point for City
Point, where we arrived at early dawn, and, after considerable trouble, I succeeded in obtaining a position, aside from the other
departments, where I again constructed a bridge of my barges and commenced issuing.  There being no further necessity for
the wagon train with supplies, which had followed the  army since the  commencement of the campaign, under the charge of
Assistant Surgeon Brinton, U. S. A., the wagons were unloaded, and  their contents stored on the boats.   Assistant  Surgeon
Brinton then took charge.  A  pontoon bridge having been constructed on the Appomattox river, in close proximity to the corps
hospitals, for the especial purpose of affording greater facilities for issuing,  as, also, of being near the hospitals, we accordingly
moved up to that point."             *      *
CXL1X.   Extracts from the Report of the  Medical Director of the Second Corps for May,
      June  and July,  1864.   By Surgeon A. N". Dougherty, U. S. Yolunteers.
      *  *   *   a -pne 0pennig 0f the campaign found the  troops of the  Second Corps in good health. •  They had enjoyed
comfortable winter quarters, in and around which hygienic rules  had been carefully regarded.  They had been well fed and
well clad.  In my experience of more than three years constantly in the  field, I do not remember seeing as neat camps and
wholesome huts as those of our corps, a favorable condition due, in good part, to the frequent and  rigid inspections to which
they were subjected.   The diet of  the men had  been suitably  varied by the introduction of soft bread,  of potatoes and
other vegetables, of which there were, on an average, as many as three issues a week.   Each regiment had its hospital  tent,
and  there were, besides, division hospitals, provided each with fifteen tents, in which the worst  cases of sickness and wounds
were treated. The results of the treatment of the  wounded after the fight at Morton's Ford abundantly prove  the wisdom
of the decision which was arrived at, to leave them in our hands instead of promptly transporting them to Washington.  The
tents were heated by open fire-places, furnished with chimneys of mud and split-wood, and the dietary  of the hospital was
much improved by a judicious expenditure of the hospital and other funds.  Trifling ailments, calculated to put men off duty
for a day or two, were treated in quarters.  From the records in this office, it appears that, during the four months previous to
our breaking  camp, the average sickness and death rates were as follows: Average strength  present for duty, twenty thousand
seven hundred and thirty;  average number on sick report daily, nine hundred and seventy-nine;  ratio of sick constantly
present, per thousand men of mean strength, forty-seven; ratio of deaths monthly, per thousand meu of  mean strength, two. 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  A.  N. DOUGHERTY,  U.  S.  V.
183
      With regard to the preparations made for the campaign, and the operations to the close of the first epoch, which includes
the passage of the Rapidan and the battles of the Wilderness, I quote as follows from a report for the month of May, by
Assistant Surgeon Charles Smart, U. S. A., medical inspector of the corps :
      ' As the campaign was daily expected to open, preparations were actively made  to provide for its probable exigencies.
The brigade supplies, especially of stimulants, dressings and such articles as are essential after an engagement, were constantly
kept at their maximum; of the latter, indeed, a double supply was ordered by the medical  director to be drawn, and a reserve
supply was required for and obtained by each  surgeon in charge of  a division hospital, to be transported in an army wagon
turned over to him for that purpose.  The ambulances were all supplied with beef stock and dressings.   All the army wagons,
medicine wagons and ambulances requiring repairs had them effected  as thoroughly as  could be done in the field.'
      A full supply of stretchers was obtained, but only one division succeeded in furnishing itself with the ambulance flags
and guidons required by a recent order.  On account of a  diminution in the  amount of transportation allowed the medical
department, it was found necessary to  turn  in for  storage a large quantity of regimental hospital property; but this  was
considered no disadvantage, since it had  already been decided that, while the campaign lasted, these hospitals should be
superseded by an ambulance hospital for  each division, which, when a fight was imminent, should be placed in rear of the
troops, and form the nucleus of the  division field hospitals,  as organized by Medical Director Letterman's circular of October,
1862.   To  the ambulance  hospital, it was arranged that three medical  officers should be permanently attached, who were
to do duty during a fight:  a surgeon in charge, a recorder, and a provider of food and shelter for the wounded.  The regimental
hospital property returned by medical officers was to be packed in  certain wagons, which were to  be marked as containing
such.   Tents, tent flies, beef stock, blankets, etc., were to be loaded in the wagons that remained after the disposal of regimental
property, and placed under the control of the  surgeon in charge of the division hospital, with  instructions, when not ordered
otherwise  by the military authorities, to move always in rear of the ambulance train, and to form, in fact, part  of it.  This
arrangement was adopted, so that, in case of a fight,  the wagons carrying food  and shelter for the wounded might be at band,
instead of being many miles in the rear, with  the  supply trains of  the army, as had happened during previous campaigns.
Thus, when, on the evening of the 3d of May, marching orders were received, they found us as well prepared for the campaign
as we could  expect to make ourselves.
      We marched early on the morning of the 4th, and, crossing the Rapidan at Ely's  Ford, moved through the Wilderness to
Chancellorsville and beyond it.  On the afternoon of  the 5th, the enemy having been found, while the troops were being formed
along the Brock road, a site was selected  for the field hospitals, at which the  army wagons containing the hospital  property
were ordered to report.  The order  which  regulated  the details of the march permitted us to take along but a limited number
of our wagons.  Having them, however,  systematically packed, we  were enabled to  select those which contained the most
necessary articles.  The position selected for the hospitals was a clearing in the woods, half a mile in rear of the line of battle,
on tbe Brock road, and three-quarters of a mile on the left of the Chancellorsville plank road.  It was sheltered from musketry
by a rising ground   There was free communication  between  this site and  all parts  of the front, but  tbe road was somewhat
roundabout.  A stream of cold and clear water ran through the grounds; the soil was dry, and  the trees in the vicinity offered
shade, should the tents and flies be insufficient to cover the number of wounded.  In no previous fight  did the wounded of the
corps, on being  carried to the rear,  find  the preparations made for their reception so complete.  The battle lasted  more or less
during the whole of the 5th, 6th and 7th days  of May.
       On the afternoon of the 7th, preparations were made for sending the  wounded  to Washington  in  army wagons and
ambulances.  A plentiful  supply  of food was cooked,  and attendants  and  medical officers detailed to  accompany them,
As  the army wagons had not yet  reported, and as twilight was coming on, the ambulances  were  loaded  with  the worst
cases and sent off, accompanied by  all those who were able  to make the journey to Rappahannock Station on foot.  Presently
a number of wagons reported for wounded, but by no means sufficient to carry all, so  that it was necessary to leave behind  us
seven hundred and fifty patients, with medical  officers, attendants and supplies.  The  surgeons left behind considered  that,
with proper economy, the food left with them would  be sufficient for five days,   Knowing the event, it is to be wished that more
had been left with them, as some delay took place in  sending supplies.from Fredericksburg, and the wounded, it appears, were
placed upon very small rations before  they arrived.  Moreover, it is reported that, on  the morning after the troops marched,
the wounded and stragglers belonging both to the enemy and our own forces came into the hospital from the woods, increasing
the number to be fed at the hospital to twelve hundred men. *   *
       The train of ambulances and army wagons proceeded on its way to Rappahannock Station, and had crossed the Rapidan
at Ely's Ford, when  orders were received directing them to change their destination to Fredericksburg, which they eventually
reached.  *   *   During the foregoing epoch, the losses of the corps,  according to the regimental reports, were as follows:  1st
division, one hundred and seventeen killed and four hundred and ninety-four wounded,  out of a mean strength of seven thousand
seven hundred and sixty-three; 2d  division, one hundred and sixty-eight killed and one thousand and thirty-seven wounded,
out of a mean strength of five thousand nine  hundred and  sixty-eight; 3d division, three hundred and fifteen killed and one
thousand seven hundred  and ninety-four  Avounded, out of a mean strength  of nine thousand one hundred and sixty-two;
total, six  hundred killed and  three thousand three hundred and twenty-five wounded, out of a mean strength of twenty-two
thousand eight hundred and  ninety-three.  The reports cf the field hospital show that three thousand four hundred were sent
thence to general hospital, the discrepancy being chiefly due to the absence of reports from some regiments.
       On Sunday, the 8th of May, the corps marched along the Brock road as far as Todd's tavern, where, in the evening, one
of our brigades was engaged.  On  the evening of the previous day,  an order  had been issued requiring all wheeled vehicles
to keep out of the line of march. This was regarded as referring to ambulances, so that when the engagement upon the 8th took
place, three or four battery ambulances, only, were at the service of the wounded.  At this juncture, the order requiring head-
quarter ambulances and spring wagons to be turned  over to the medical director was promulgated, and these did good service
during the course of the evening and night.  The hospitals here were half a mile in rear of the tavern, on the road leading to
Aldrich.  On the 9th, in the afternoon,  we  advanced towards the left of the line,  carrying with us, in army wagons, the 
184                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY OF  THE  POTOMAC, 1864.

wounded of the previous day, one hundred and five in number, as no orders relative to their being sent to the rear had been
received.  On the 10th,  we crossed the Po, having a few men wounded in forcing the passage.  These, along with those <„,
hand, were sent to the rear in wagon- in the course of the forenoon.  The 1st division of the corps had to be withdrawn to the
left bank of the river, leaving behind them on the field, according to the estimate of the surgeon-in-chief of that command fivo
hundred wounded.  *   *   The medical director of the corps, during this engagement, received a  shell wound, fortunately
however, of such a character as to permit him to superintend the operations of his department.  On account of the movement
of the  troops  towards  the left, the  hospitals of the  corps had to be  removed from  the  banks of the Po river to the open
ground near Alsop's mills, on the Piney Branch road.  Over a thousand wounded were brought in during the afternoon who
that night and the following day, were  operated upon, dressed and sent to Fredericksburg in army wagons and ambulances.
On the morning of the  12th, the corps made an assault upon the rebel works, and three hours after it began, nearly two
thousand wounded had been brought to the field hospitals.   It was remarked, in the  cases of those seriously wounded during
the action of this morning, that the shock  was far more severe and  of longer continuance than in those previously treated
during  the  campaign.   This is to be referred to their march during  tbe night in the mud and rain,  and to the fact that the
assault  commenced before the  men had been allowed to  have their morning coffee.   On the following  day orders were
promulgated requiring the wounded to be sent to Fredericksburg, as a move  was  anticipated.   All the transportation we
could obtain sufficed only to enable us to send away one thousand seven hundred and forty, so that when orders to move came
we had still in hospital two hundred men.  These we were  obliged to  leave behind us on the  13th, with a sufficiency of food
tents, medicines, dressings and attendants.  As all operations had been  performed, it wras considered necessary to  leave but
one medical officer with  them.   The same day the  field hospitals of the corps were established on the bank of the Ny river
near the Armstrong house.
      It is here necessary to record  a most shocking and lamentable occurrence, the circumstances  attending which I reported
at the time.  On the afternoon of the 14th, Dr. Barrington sent a messenger to the General,  announcing that the enemy's
cavalry had appeared and were overrunning our hospitals.   The General directed Major General Gibbon to send an infantry
force for protection, and I was ordered to accompany and pilot them.   On arriving at  the Fifth Corps  hospital, the attendants
announced that the enemy had just left, and that they could scarcely be out of sight.  Just then one of the attendants said, pointing
out a horse tied to a post,  ' there is the horse of one of them who is now in the hospital.'   I thought it my duty to report thin
statement to the officers in charge, who sent a sergeant and several men to arrest the  supposed rebel.   As they came towards
the horse, a man advanced hastily to meet them from a neighboring hospital tent, and when within three or four  yards, one of
the party suddenly raised  his gun and fired.   The man fell, crying out that he was  a surgeon,  and, in fact, he  proved to be
Surgeon Thomas Jones of the 8th Pennsylvania Reserve.   By this  time it wTas near dark, and a uniform scarcely distinguish-
able.   I dismounted, ran to him and helped to carry him to a tent, where I examined his wound, which had penetrated the chest,
wounding the lung.  I did what I could, and left him in the hands of  a colleague.  I learned  subsequently that he survived a
couple of days.  *  *
      Forty Confederate wounded were brpught  in  from the Landron house and attended to, but early on the 15th, we were
in motion again, and left them behind in a barn belonging to Mr. Armstrong.   Our hospital trains were camped near the road
leading from Spottsylvania to Fredericksburg, but no hospitals were  formed, as, during the day, a train of forty ambulances
carried off the majority of our sick and wounded.  Here the brigade supplies were  filled up on requisitions made upon the
medical purveyor.   On  the afternoon of the 16th, the 2d  division marched to the~ hospital  near Alsop's mills, which we had
abandoned on the 13th.  A train  of ambulances and empty army wagons accompanied the  troops, and all the wounded were
brought away together with the hospital property left with them.  On passing the Armstrong house, the Confederate wounded
we had left in the barn were also picked up and carried along.   On arriving at the hospital on the  Spottsylvania road, all the
wounded were fed, dressed, and, before daylight next morning, were sent to  Fredericksburg.  About this time, re-enforcements
arrived for the corps, consisting of the Corcoran Legion and General Tyler's division of heavy artillery regiments.   The medical
officers accompanying these troops brought with them no hospital property, medicines  or medical transportation.  These had to
be provided for them.  The ambulance train of the 4th division was turned over to General Tyler's command, since that division,
now consolidated with the 3d, could  be attended to by its ambulances and stretcher-men.  Two medicine wagons were furnished
these brigades, with the necessary  medical supplies.  Lists of men  for  detail to the ambulance corps were made out; the
medical officers new to  the field  were instructed in the workings of  the department on a march and during an engagement.
Nothing, in fact, was left undone that suggested itself to render the hospital staff of the new troops  as complete as those of the
older organizations.  Leaving the Spottsylvania road, we accompanied the command still further to the left, to the neighborhood
of the Anderson house, near the river Ny.   While here, upon the evening of the 19th, an attack  was made by the enemy upon
our right flank.  The division of heavy artillerymen, who chanced  to  be encamped in the neighborhood of the point assailed,
was unexpectedly called into action, and suffered severely in the successful stand it made.  In order to give the new surgeons
a practical lesson in the  management of field hospitals during an engagement, and, at the same time, fearing that their
inexperience in these matters might prove detrimental to the interest of their wounded, one of the  old divisions established a
hospital beside them, and aided them very materially in treating  the  cases as they were brought  in from the  field.  Before
noon, the next day, all cases demanding operative interference  having  been  attended to,  the wounded,  to the number of seven
hundred and forty, were dispatched in army wagons and ambulances to Fredericksburg for further treatment.  The number of
slight gunshot wounds about the hands, in this affray, was remarkably large.  The majority of these, blackened by the exploded
gunpowder, were  viewed  as self-mutilations of an accidental  or wilful origin.  Perhaps, however, the carelessness of some
excited  comrades may have produced some of them.  Those of the wounded who were able to proceed to the rear without
assistance, partly from their being fresh  troops, but chiefly owing  to the  obscurity of the night, straggled along the country,
became  exhausted,  and laid down in out-of-the-way places.    The ambulance corps  had great difficulty in tracking them and
bringing them to the hospital.   We have guidons to mark  the way to hospital  during the day, why not have a lantern of
colored  glass, say green, to mark its site during the night, when flags cannot be discerned?  *   *  The following are the 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON  A.  N.  DOUGHERTY,  II.  S.  V.
185
 casualties reported during the foregoing epoch, according to the regimental reports:  1st division, four hundred and seven
 killed and two thousand one hundred and sixty-four wounded, out of a mean strength of eleven thousand seven hundred and
 thirty-three men;  2d division, one hundred and fifty-nine killed  and nine  hundred and forty-eight wounded, out of a mean
 strength of six thousand  and twenty-eight;  3d division, two hundred and eleven killed and one thousand two hundred and
 ninety-three wounded, out of a mean  strength of seven thousand six hundred and seven; total, seven hundred  and .seventy-
 seven killed and four thousand four hundred and five wounded, out of a mean strength of 1 wenty-five  thousand three hundred
 and sixty-eight men.  The number sent from the field hospital to the general hospital is reported as four thousand five hundred
 and thirty wounded and forty-eight sick.
       The corps now moved by way of Bowling Green to Milford Station, where the crossing of the  Mattapony was effected.
 The corps entrenched itself  on the right bank.  The  hospitals were  established on the same side, but near the bridge.  We
 moved  from this position on  the morning of the 23d, no fight having taken place  in the meanwhile, and advanced toward the
 North Anna river, leaving behind us, as Milford  afforded good facilities for sheltering  them, one hundred and fifty sick and
 wounded men, with a medical officer, attendants  and supplies, until empty wagons could be  obtained to carry them to the
 depot at Fredericksburg or Port Royal.  On the 24th, in crossing the North Anna, and, subsequently, in holding our position
 there, we met with some  loss.  Hospitals were established on the road leading from C arm el church to the river bridge, about
 three-quarters of a mile from the former  point.   The wounded were attended to and speedily sent to  Milford, where they
 joined the detachment left there on the 23d, and with them proceeded to Port Royal.  The hospitals advanced on the morning
 of the 26th, following up the progress of the troops to a house on the left bank of the river, on the left of the bridge, where
 they remained until early on  the morning of the next day, when the move towards the Pamunkey was commenced.  Before we
 left this position, the wounded then on hand were placed in army wagons  and sent to the rendezvous at Milford, where a train
 was organized for  Port Royal.  '    ■  During the foregoing epoch, two  hundred and  fifty-three sick and five hundred and
 eighteen wounded were sent from the  field hospital.   After a fatiguing  inarch,  the corps crossed the Pamunkey river near
 Hanover Town.   During the march, ten ambulances followed in the rear of each division to pick up those who might fall out
 of the column from exhaustion, the remainder accompanying the supply train.   The  troops entrenched themselves  on the
 heights, on the right bank of  the river, and a fight being considered probable, the hospitals were established immediately behind
 them, and ambulance roads were cut through the woods to different parts of the front.   While here, the  4th division, which had
 but lately joined this command, was broken up, and the troops that composed it were distributed among  the  other divisions.
 The  hospital property which had been assigned  to  it was returned to the  medical officers from whom it had been taken to
 supply  the new troops.  During the same period, full  requisitions were filled by the purveyor.
      On the morning of May 30th, the troops formed in line of battle across the  Richmond road, in advance of the point
 where it was crossed by  that leading from Cool Arbor to Hanover  Court-house.   On the 31st, a train of over a hundred
 ambulances was sent to Hanover Town, with instructions to transfer the wounded  to empty army wagons stationed there, with
 which a train was organized  to proceed  under escort to White House. In the afternoon of the  1st of June, as the corps was
 expected to move, all the ambulances, with the exception of ten to each division,  were ordered back to the supply train,
 carrying with them the few wounded and those cases of sickness judged unable to inarch. Medical  officers and an abundance
 of supplies were sent with them.   Next morning, we reached our destination, and the troops were placed in position  on the
 left and in advance of Cool  Arbor tavern.   A place was immediately selected for the hospitals at the Tyler house, but the
 military authorities judged this to be unsafe.  A  place further to the right was therefore sought, and, in the course of the
 afternoon, the tents were  pitched near army headquarters, on the  left of the road  leading to the White House.  Very early in
 the morning of the 3d, an assault was made  by the corps upon  the enemy's works.   The principal loss was sustained  by the
 1st and 2d divisions, the 3d suffering but slightly.   Fighting continued  until the afternoon was well advanced, when the
 combat  resolved  itself into desultory picket firing.   All the ambulances present were actively engaged during the whole day
 bringing in the wounded.  One thousand three hundred were received into  hospital, but a large number could not be reached
 until  night rendered it less  dangerous for the stretcher-carriers  to go beyond the lines. *  *  A train of eighty-five army
 wagons was loaded with wounded  in the afternoon, and sent, with proper attendance and supplies, to the White House.   About
 four hundred cases of slight  wounds accompanied the train on foot.  No ambulances were permitted to be sent away, as it was
 feared they might be required at the  front before they would have time to return.  During the day, an active picket fire was
 continually kept up.  The ambulance corps  worked assiduously,  and every one  who could be  reached was brought off the
 field.  Eight hundred wounded were operated upon or simply dressed, according to the necessities  of the cases, and sent to
 the White House in a train consisting of thirty army wagons and eighty-six ambulances.
      On the 5th  and 6th, the pickets continued their hostilities, but no engagement of any consequence occurred.  A train
 of one hundred and twenty-two  army wagons relieved the hospital of over six hundred wounded, and  enabled the medical
 officers to pay attention to the police of the hospital, to build bunks for the patients and  to consult the comfort of those under
 their charge more than they  had hitherto been able to do.  During the afternoon of the 6th, some alterations were effected in
 the position of the  line held  by the corps, which left the hospitals on the extreme right.  Surgeons in charge were therefore
 instructed by the medical director to move them  to  the Tyler house, the  position chosen for a  hospital site on the afternoon
 of the 2d, which had been relinquished on  account of being at that time too exposed. The  ground in the vicinity of this
 house was elevated, the water excellent and plentiful, and the  roads to the front and rear were  firm and in capital condition.
 An ice-house afforded an  ample supply during the time spent in this neighborhood.  On  an average, about  fifty wounded were
 daily brought in from the front during the remainder of the time spent here.  They were wounded by sharpshooters  or by
 random  shell.  At six o'clock P. M. on the 6th, a flag  of truce party was sent out between  the lines to bury the dead and to bring
 in  such wounded as might still remain in front of the works.  Only three wounded men were found; they were very much
 exhausted. ' The burying party from the 1st division interred thirty-eight on their line, but in front of the 2d division,  where
the space between  the opposing lines was much greater, two hundred and six were found.  While here, the brigade supplies
were completely filled up, and two Autenrieth wagons obtained : one to transport a reserve supply for the use of the 2d division
         5.4
* 
 186                   APPENDED DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF THE  POTOMAC,  1801.

 hospital, the other divisions being already possessed of an extra wagon, each, for carrying a reserve  stock of field necessaries'
 the  other  for the new brigade,  of which the Corcoran Legion  formed the greater  part.  On  the? afternoon of the l'Hl '
 preparations for a move were commenced.   The ambulances were divided into three commands: the first, consisting of fortv-K
 ambulances, fifteen to a division, and four medicine wagons, was set aside to accompany the troops upon the inarch  in order t(
 pick up those  who became exhausted or foot-sore.  Attention was particularly called to the packing of medicine wagons  t
 insure not only in each case  a complete wagon load,  but one judiciously selected  for field  use.  A  second train was formed
 of all the army medical supply wagons, the medicine wagons, excepting the four above mentioned, and sixtv-three ambulances
 loaded with those of the  sick who  were evidently unfit  to undertake  a long march, yet who were  not so seriously sick as to
 require their transfer to hospital away from the army.   This train was ordered to move to Tunstall's Station, and, subsequently
 along with the supply train,  to follow the corps across the Chickahominy at Long  bridge.  The third detachment consisted of
 sixty-five ambulances and twenty-six army wagons, which were loaded with wounded and sent to hospital  at White House with
 orders to lose  no time in joining the main  train at Tunstall's after being relieved of their sick and wounded.  The following is
 a statement of casualties  during  this epoch,  according to the regimental reports: 1st division, one hundred and eighty-eicht
 killed and  one thousand one hundred and twenty-eight wounded,  out  of a mean strength of six thousand two hundred  and
 forty-seven men; 2d division, two hundred and eighty-nine killed and one thousand and fifty wounded, out of a mean strength
 of seven thousand two hundred and forty-eight; 3d division,  fifty killed and two hundred and twenty-eight wounded out of a
 mean strength of seven thousand seven hundred and eighty-six; total, five hundred and twenty-seven killed and two thousand
 four hundred  and six wounded, out of a mean strength of twenty-one thousand two  hundred and eighty-one men.  The number
 sent from  the field hospitals  to  general hospital  is reported  to be two thousand  seven hundred  and sixteen wounded  and
 seven hundred and eighty-eight sick.
       In the  evening of the  12th of June, the corps marched from Cool Arbor, crossed the railroad at Dispatch Station  the
 Chickahominy at Long bridge, and, on the afternoon of the 13th, reached the James river, near Wilcox's Landing.  Towards
 the latter part of this march, such was its length, and such the heat and dust, that the men fell out of the columns in great
 numbers, so that the ambulances present for  duty were insufficient to pick all up.  All the  serious cases were picked up  but
 those of  simple fatigue were left to rest by the roadside until able to reach camp.
       On the  14th, the 2d and 3d divisions crossed the James on transports, and, on the 15th, the 1st division  followed  them.
 The corps  marched then in the direction of Petersburg and arrived at the fortifications in front of that place about midnight.
 On the following morning, as the troops had taken position in front of the enemy's works, hospital sites were selected on  the
 road leading from the front to City Point, that of the 3d division at the Bryant house, and those of the other divisions at houses
 on  the opposite sides of the road, about a quarter of a mile nearer the front.  These sites were selected, but nothing beyond
 building arbors could be effected in the way of establishing hospitals, since all the wagons containing furniture, and most of those
 carrying supplies, were in the rear with the main supply train.  Tavo  officers belonging to the ambulance corps were sent off
 in search of them, in order to bring them up with the ambulances and medicine wagons accompanying them.  About six o'clock
 P. M., before these wagons arrived, an assault was made.  At  nine o'clock P.  M., the main train  of ambulances was ascertained
 to be on  the road about two miles off.   They had been unavoidably detained in crossing both the Chickahominy and the James.
 They arrived  at a most opportune  moment.  Tents were pitched  and  food prepared for the wounded,  now numbering over
 one thousand seven hundred.   This was the first time during the campaign that wounded men reached the rear before hospitals
 were completely established, and in this instance, the circumstances were entirely beyond the control of  the medical officers.
 On the 17th and 18th, the skirmishing was actively kept up at the front, and in the hospitals the medical officers were assiduous
 in their labors to get the wounded ready to be removed to the  rear at the earliest opportunity.  On the morning of the latter
 day, another assault was made, and about a thousand men were wounded.  On the  following morning, a train of one hundred
 and ninety-three wagons and  eighty-six ambulances, twenty of which belonged to the Fiftli Corps, was sent to City Point with
 two thousand one hundred Avounded, accompanied by six medical  officers  and  fifty-seven attendants. Everything  remained
 comparatively  quiet on the 20th, but on the 21st, the corps moved to the left, and took  position across and on the left of the
 Jerusalem  plank-road.  The  patients remaining in the hospital occupied since the 16th had to be left behind, under charge of
 medical officers and  attendants, until wagons could be sent to carry them to City Point, which was  not effected until the 23d.
 In the afternoon of the 21st, while the corps was being placed  in position, the 1st division  established a temporary hospital at
 the Williams house on the left, but had to  remove it shortly after, on account of  the enemy's cavalry  making a  dash upon  our
 left flank.  The hospital fell back across the Jerusalem road to Smith's house, near army headquarters. The two other divisions
 established their hospitals at houses in the same neighborhood.  On the  afternoon of the 22d, an engagement took place, during
 and after which, about three hundred and fifty wounded were brought off the field, immediately attended to, and, on the  fol-
lowing morning, sent to City  Point.  About thirty of the ambulances employed in transporting them were obtained from  the
 Sixth Corps.
      During  the remainder of the month, the corps continued in the position  assumed on  the 21st.   The  hospitals were
 very well fitted up with arbors and bunks, and police duties were well attended to.  In  the camps at  the front, all the men  had
 bunks well raised from  the ground, and protected themselves from exposure to the direct rays of the sun by means of ever-
 green boughs.  AYater was plentiful and  good, although, in  many instances, it was necessary to dig very deep to reach it;
police, generally, was well performed.  On the morning of the 6th of July, the 2d and 3d division hospitals were moved to the
right and established at the Southall house.  This was rendered necessary by a movement of the Sixth  Corps, which threw
their position in front of the line of battle.  These two hospitals had just succeeded in  establishing themselves comfortably in
 their new location, when the withdrawal of our troops from the left of the plank-road  compelled another  change of position.
Late on the evening of the 11th, all the hospitals of the corps were moved to the right of the Norfolk railroad to an open space
 in the woods near the Deserted house, which was  subsequently occupied  by the headquarters of the Hecond Corps.   In the
 meantime, the  reconnoissance to  the Weldon  railroad  had been made, but  no enemy having been discovered, the troops were
 withdrawn to  the rear of the Fifth Corps, where they went  into what was  expected to be a comparatively permanent camp. 
                               REPORT. OF  SURGKON  J.  McNULTY,  U.  S.  V.                         187

 At this time, on account of the diminished strength of the corps, its medical department possessed more than the proportion of
 transportation  allowed, and it became necessary to turn in some of the army wagons and ambulances.  At the same time, the
 medicine chests and other property of the regimental hospitals, which had been carried in store, were turned in to the medical
 purveyor, and  the wagons heretofore employed in their  transportation placed at'the disposal of the division hospitals.  This
 arrangement was a very satisfactory one, as it not only got rid of what  had been simply an incumbrance, but at the same time,
 afforded the medical department a greater amount of available transportation than it had previously possessed.  On the 16th,
 the 1st division hospital was moved from its position in the woods near the Deserted house to the Burchard house, in the open
 field in the rear of army headquarters.  This movement,  unlike those previously effected, was made for sanitary reasons.  The
 former site was low, and  the tufts of rushes which grew in great abundance around led to suspicions that, in rainy weather,
 it might prove anything but a desirable location for a hospital, although it had been drained, and had evidently, before the war,
 been under cultivation.  Moreover, the weeks of dry and dusty weather  that had  preceded gave rise to daily expectations of
 heavy rain.  The Burchard  house was a position far preferable to that abandoned.  On a large open  space of high ground, it
 had the benefit of almost every breath of wind, and, being at a distance  from  any main road, it was free  from the dust that
 generally pervaded the neighborhood of the army.  The water was good,  and cooking ranges and boilers were attached to the
 house.   The hospital here was very speedily put in excellent order.  Matters remained thus until the 26th, when the movement
 to the left bank of the James was inaugurated.  A very large number of sick were, at this time, sent to hospital at City Point.
 These were not, however,  such cases as, under ordinary circumstances, would have been sent there for treatment, and two-thirds
 of them marched  to the Point.  They were the men in the command judged by the medical  officers incapable of performing a
 forced  march, and were sent to hospital to remain only until the corps should have performed  the  service  required of it.  At
 four o'clock p. m., the troops inarched by a somewhat circuitous route to Point of Rocks, where they crossed the Appomattox,
 and thence to Jones's Neck, where the crossing of the James was effected.  The corps was  pushed  on so rapidly that the
 twenty ambulances following each division were very speedily filled with exhausted  men, and straggling took place by the
 roadside to a far greater extent than is usual even in day marches, when a hot sun combines with fatigue to overcome the men.
 A skirmish took place at Strawberry Plains, the few wounded  resulting being conveyed to a temporary hospital established on
 the north bank near the end of the lower pontoon.   Here dressings were applied and  operations performed.  In the course of the
 day, the wounded were removed to the south bank, where complete field hospitals had been formed in anticipation of a renewal
 of the fight.  The steamer Iolas reported on the 28th to carry the sick and wounded to the depot at City Point.  This vessel
 was a quartermaster's boat, littered with hay and  supplied with  ice water.  No other preparation had been made to render the
 wounded comfortable during the  transit.   On  the evening of the 28th, the  3d division was withdrawn from the front, and,
 having crossed  the river, marched towards  Petersburg, where, on their  arrival next day, they relieved the troops who were to
 form the assaulting party.  On the 29th, after  dark, the 1st and 2d divisions were likewise withdrawn towards  Petersburg,
 which they reached just as the mine was sprung.  During the whole day, the few casualties  occurring amongst them  arose
 from random shells.  In the evening, they proceeded to tbe camping ground  they had occupied previous to the Deep Bottom
 demonstration, and  hospitals were established around the Burchard house, in the open ground in rear of army headquarters.
 The following casualties occurred during the foregoing period, according to the regimental  reports :  1st division, two  hundred
 and twenty-seven killed and one thousand one hundred and five wounded, out of a mean strength of five thousand one hundred
 and eighty-three;  2d division, two hundred and five killed and nine hundred and two wounded,  out of a mean strength of four
 thousand nine hundred and seventy; 3d division,  two hundred and ninety killed and one thousand three  hundred and seventy-
 two wounded, out of a mean  strength of six thousand nine hundred and eleven;  artillery brigade, twenty-four killed and one
 hundred and fourteen wounded, out of a mean strength of two thousand eight hundred  and nineteen; total, seven hundred and
 forty-six killed and three thousand four hundred and ninety-three wounded, out of a mean strength of nineteen thousand eight
 hundred and eighty-three men.  The number  sent from  field hospitals during the period is reported as three thousand four
 hundred and sixty-nine wounded and two thousand four hundred and ninety-five sick.  *  *
      My experience during this campaign has, more than ever, convinced me that, with a well organized ambulance system,
 a system of field hospitals such as were  adopted  by this army  can be managed  without any embarrassment.  Each  hospital
 with us has been  the resort, almost exclusively, of the wounded of its own  division, who  have arrived  there with marvelous
 expedition.  Cases may occur, as, in fact, has  happened since  the  events above  recorded, in which recourse must be had, of
 necessity, to the old plan of brigade  and regimental  hospitals, but such cases are  rare.  The  transportation of the sick and
 wounded by means of army wagons, in default of ambulances, was a new  feature in  the  campaign, and deserves favorable
 remarks, without  it we should have  been obliged to abandon most of our wounded to the  enemy.  As it  was, the wagons
 bedded with fine brush or other available materials were not more uncomfortable  than  ambulances usually are.  The  applica-
 tion  of the headquarter wagons to the same use merits  notice.  They were of considerable utility on some occasions when
 ambulances were wanting."             *       *   __________________

 CL.   Extracts  from the  Report of  the  Medical  Director of the Second Corps for August,
      Sep>tember and  October, 1864.   By  Surgeon J. McNulty, U. S. Volunteers.
      *  #  *  "As my connection with this  corps  dates back to October 18th only,  I have been compelled to draw the
 materials for this report chiefly from the papers filed in  the medical director's office at these  headquarters.  The report of
 Assistant Surgeon Smart, U. S. A., medical inspector of the corps,  shows  that during the  early part of the month of August,
 the Second Corps was encamped before Petersburg in the neighborhood of the  Deserted house, where the headquarters of the
 corps were established.  The 1st division Avas on the right, the 2d on the left, and the 3d in rear of this house.^  Their quarters
 were superior in cleanliness and comfort to those occupied by them during the preceding month.  The corps field hospital Avas
 established in the  vicinity of  the  Burchard house, a  very eligible location for a field hospital.  The number of sick admitted
into hospital Avhile here Avas  small indeed, and few were sent to City Point until  the arrival of marching orders, when the 
 1 8<S                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC,  1864.

 regiments had to  be weeded  of  all unfit to commence  the campaign anew.  August 12th, shortly after midday, the troops
 marched to City Point, Avhich  they reached after dark and Avent into camp.   About eleven o'clock p. m., the ambulances brought
 up the rear with the sick, Avho Avere deposited at the corps depot.  After a short rest to feed the horses, the train  resinned its
 march, leaving the troops and  proceeding across the Appomattox to Bermuda Hundred, Avhere they encamped until the following
 day, Avhen they pushed on to Jones's Neck.   Here they effected a junction Avith  the troops. Avho had, on the  13th, embarked
 and during the night been transported up the James river to Deep Bottom, opposite this neck, the scene of the demonstration
 referred to in the report for July.  The men Avere much croAvded Avhile on the transports, but  as  the trip was so short they
 suffered only temporary inconvenience.  At daylight disembarkation was commenced, and by nine o'clock A. m., was completed.
 The corps then advanced across the plain over which they had skirmished on the 25th of July, and through the Avoods to the
 west of the New Market road, Avhere they took position.  The day was oppressively hot,  so  much so, that although the men
 had only marched  a couple of  miles, a very large number were utterly exhausted and lay  down under the shelter of trees by
 the roadside.  Many Avere insensible; some in convulsions;  four I  saw dead.  Only twenty ambulances to each division had
 been permitted to cross the pontoon bridge from Jones's Neck, and as these Avere busily engaged iii bringing off the wounded
 from the skirmish  line, about an hour and a half elapsed before all the cases of sunstroke could be carried to the rear.  In the
 afternoon a thunder cloud passed over the country, and the short but heavy shoAver  that then fell was of inestimable value to
 the men.  The Avounded brought in from the skirmish line Avere carried to the north bank of the river, about two hundred yards
 beloAV the pontoon bridge where  there was  a landing, which Avas  being  repaired with a  view to its use in embarking them.
 Here the hospitals were formed, one medicine wagon and one army Avagon loaded Avith tent flies and cooking utensils havin«
 been permitted to  cross from each division train.   On the 15th, active skirmishing continued during the greater part of the
 day.  In the afternoon a quartermaster's steamer, under charge of Assistant  Surgeon McDonald, U. S. V., reported to carry
 the Avounded to City Point.  This vessel Avas littered with hay, but had received no  other preparation for the reception of the
 wounded.  Late in the evening a second boat, the City of Albany, reported for the same purpose.  It was without any medical
 officer, and no preparation had been made to receive the Avounded upon  it.  The vessels  sent up at  the same time for the
 wounded of the Tenth Corps, were elegantly fitted up hospital boats.  *  *  On the afternoon of the 18th, the heaviest thunder
 storm of the season swept over the ground occupied by the corps, the hospitals on the high ground forming the north bank of
 the James river Avere completely exposed to the fury of the gale.   Several of the  tent flies were blown down, and one man,
 Private John Prestley, Co. B, 7th Michigan, in hospital of the 2d division, is reported killed by the lightning.  On the afternoon
 of the 18th, the enemy made a vigorous attack  upon the  line of the Tenth Corps.   After  this  attack, the  3d division of the
 Second Corps recrossed the James and Appomattox,  and on the following day took possession of the Avorks  hitherto held by
 the Fifth Corps, in order to enable that command to move against the Weldon railroad.  The field hospital of this division was
 formed in the Avoods in rear of the Deserted house near the  site of the  camp occupied by the division early in  the month.
 *  *  The two divisions left at Deep Bottom remained there until the evening of  the 20th, when they rapidly crossed the river
 and marched  towards Petersburg.  They were folloAved by the hospital  wagons and ambulances, the  steamer Kent having
 carried off the inmates of the field hospitals to City Point.  The troops reached their old camping ground in front of Petersburg
 about seven o'clock a. m., and rested for a few hours. At eleven o'clock the march was resumed in the direction  of  the Weldon
 railroad, Avhere the Fifth Corps Avas at that time engaged Avith the enemy.   Ten ambulances accompanied each division.  The
 main part of  the train and all the hospital and medical Avagons Avent into park on the ground occupied as a hospital  previous to
 the James riA^er demonstration.  The two divisions advanced southward along the  railroad from the position held  by General
 Warren's Corps, destroying  the road as they progressed, until,  on the morning of the 25th, at Reams's  Station, some signs of
 the enemy Avere observed in  front.  Expecting that the want of a medicine wagon Avould be much felt, should any fighting take
 place, one Avas sent for to the Williams house, where the main train of ambulances, etc., was now established.   * *  The few
 men Avounded, in the attack which the enemy made shortly after, were collected at Reams's church, a small building just within
 the breastwork at  the station.   Here the hospital  staff of each  division assembled, each medical  officer accompanied by his
 orderly carrying the field companion, the supplies contained in which proved equal to the demands made during the day.  The
 medicine wagon, etc., sent for did not succeed in reaching the  church, they travelled along the railroad, and, late in the day
 approached the station, but  finding the enemy in possession of the  road, the sergeant in charge  prudently went  back.  The
 Avounded brought  by the stretcher-bearers to the church were  dressed and placed in  ambulances ready to  be removed at a
 moment's Avarning, for, as yet, it Avas uncertain Avhere hospitals Avould be  established, indeed the  situation seemed to admit of
 none.  The line formed tAvo-thirds of a  circle, with a radius so small that bullets fired at the left coursed over the enclosed
 area, and struck doAvn men in position on the right.  The Geary church road Avas so  exposed as to render the selection of any
point on it out of the question, and  the road running parallel to the railroad was still more unsuitable, as it lay  in  front of our
line of battle.  No place  of security could be found,  so the church being a prominent object, and, although close to the breast-
 works, no more exposed than any other part of the field, was  selected as a field  depot, to which the stretcher-bearers were
instructed to carry the wounded.  Shortly after this,  a feeble assault Avas made upon the part of the line in front of  this church,
and the ambulances, Avounded  and medical officers had to retire about a hundred yards to the shelter of a shallow ravine, where
they remained during the more vigorous assault made about two o'clock p. M.  The ambulances being  noAV Avell-filled, started
for the Williams house, running whatever risk they might be exposed to on the Geary church road.  An operative  surgeon and
staff of assistants Avere sent along Avith them to perform Avhatever operations might  be required.  At the same time, an orderly
was sent for fresh ambulances, Avhich arrived in safety, before the commencement of the final assault at five o'clock P. M.   A
storm of shot and  shell pouring  in  from all  sides,  and lasting about twenty minutes, ushered in this last assault, which was
successful, so  far  as the possession of the destroyed railroad  at that point Avas concerned.  The ambulance officers happily
succeeded in  loading up with  such cases as were unable, from  the nature of their wounds, to find their oavii  way to the rear,
and in getting their wagons out of the way of the manoeuvring troops.   Stretcher-men and stragglers aided the other cases to the
rear, so that none of those Avounded behind the breastworks fell into the hands of the enemy.  The Avounded on the picket line,
however, cut off by the enemy's storming column, Avere necessarily made prisoners.  Th-  medical  director, therefore, detailed 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  J.  McNULTY,  U.  S.  V.
189
 four medical  officers to remain behind and take charge of them.  *  *  These officers, on their return to camp, reported that
 sixty-six of our Avounded were made prisoners, and that one hundred and forty-six dead were buried on the field.  The total
 number of our wounded Avas three hundred and  fifty.   The  loaded  ambulances moved  off toward the Williams  house,
 accompanied or followed by all  those able to walk with assistance, and by some carried on stretchers.   About a mile and a
 half from the field, some Ninth Corps ambulances and some belonging to our own train picked up the majority of these cases.  By
 davbreak, all the wounded in  our possession had b«en lodged at the Williams house, Avhere they Avere treated, and, shortly
 afterward, dispatched to the depot at City Point.   In the meantime, the two divisions engaged had returned to the neighborhood,
 of their old  camping ground.  During the month of August, according  to the regimental  reports, one hundred and sixty-two
 were killed and nine hundred and seventy-four wounded, the mean strength of the corps being seventeen thousand and sixty-
 three. Eight hundred and sixty-nine wounded  and two thousand and forty-five sick Avere  sent to the depot hospital at City
 Point.
       The report of Assistant Surgeon  Smart for September shows that the commencement of the month found  the 1st and
 2d divisions resting quietly in  camp in rear of  the works near the Jerusalem road; but they Avere not very lon«- inactive.  In
 fact, they  had scarcely succeeded in  policing the rough ground on which they had been encamped, and in  building bedsteads,
 which the rainy Aveather rendered imperative, Avhen a movement on the part of the enemy interrupted their quiet.  Our two
 reserve divisions broke camp, and threw up a line of fortifications to defend the threatened  point.  After remaining some days
 behind the newly-formed Avorks in expectation of an attack, they returned and  encamped in rear  of the front line.   In no
 one camp, however, did they remain for more than three or four days at a time.  The 1st division was also  kept moving about
 for military reasons; now in rear of one  part of the line,  doav supporting another point; Avhile the 2d division, on account of the
 cattle raid on our rear, Avas kept in a like state of activity in the neighborhood of  Prince George Court-house.  This continual
 change in the position of these two divisions Avas brought to a close on the evening of the 23d, when they relieved the Tenth
 Army Corps.  The 1st division took position in the Avorks stretching from the Appomattox to the left of the Prince George road;
 the 2d division manned the line forming the centre of the corps' front, having the 1st division  on its right and the 3d on its left.
 During the month, therefore, these two divisions experienced a very uncomfortable time; they were often engaged in laborious
 duties; they slept, for the most  part. Avith  nothing but their rubber-blankets to  separate them from the ground, which Avas
 always moist, and very often Avet.  Moreover they were not so Avell provided with blankets and underclothing as the character
 of the Aveather demanded.   The want of these articles  was in  some cases felt severely, until, at the end  of the  month, full
 supplies were drawn.   After entering the fortifications, however, the men were able to render  themselves far more comfortable,
 though some policing had  to  be performed before  they  could be considered as fairly settled in their new position.   At the
 suggestion of Surgeon Isaac Scott, 7th Virginia, all the bomb-proofs, and  certain points in the fortifications where filth had been
 permitted  to accumulate, were sprinkled with chloride of lime, one hundred pounds of which were expended on the quarters
 of each brigade.  The 3d division remained during the entire month in the fortifications on the right and left of the Jerusalem
 road.  The sanitary condition  of the line held by this command was by no means so satisfactory as that of the works on the
 right, especially in the  case of the forts  near the plank-road, and the breastworks and covered Avays  adjoining them.  Pools
 of stagnant water existed in many places.  In  rainy Aveather, the Avater collected in the covered Avays over ankle deep, and, in
 addition, the men  had adopted  to an alarming extent the habit of using as sinks these sheltered pathways and the few trenches
 that had been dug with a vieAV to draining them.  The surgeon  in chief dreAv the attention of the division commander to this
 unseemly state of matters, and representations on the same subject Avere  made to the major general commanding the corps by
 the medical director.  In consequence of the measures adopted by them, the  condition of this division Avas much improved by
 the end of the month; the stagnant pools in the forts had been  drained,  sinks had been dug  in greater numbers, each of them
 well covered on the side facing the enemy, and trenches had been dug adequate to the  effectual drainage of the covered ways,
 which had also been Avell corduroyed.   Notwithstanding these  unfavorable influences, the sickness of the 3d division Avas not
 materially increased.   *  *
       After the fight at Reams's  Station, August 25th, the field hospital of the 1st division and artillery brigade returned to the
 Burchard  house.  About the 6th of September, an attack on our  left and rear being anticipated, it Avas considered advisable
 to remove them to the open space near the Southall house, where they remained for a day or two, Avhen they were permitted
 to return  to  their old location.   The hospital tents were pitched in an orchard on  the right of the house.   The Avards,
 consisting of two  communicating tents each, were arranged on either side of a broad street.   They Avere thoroughly  ditched,
 the streets and  all the  surrounding grounds well policed, and there was no lack of evergreen decorations.  These hospitals
 were  clean and comfortable.  Each patient was furnished Avith a separate  bedstead,  a well-filled bed-sack, clean sheets and
 good  blankets.  The more serious cases Avere provided with mosquito nettings.  At a distance of about thirty yards from the
 end of the street was a  double line of tent flies, pitched so as to form the roofs of two long buildings, the Avails of  which Avere
 represented by a  thick-set  hedge of pine boughs; here  the slighter cases were treated.   The cooking arrangments of this
 hospital were very satisfactory.  A large brick oven had been built to bake bread,  and the storehouse was well provided.  The
 hospital of the 2d division was established during the same period at the  Southall  house, where it remained  during the month.
 The Avards were arranged in a single line in front of the  house, while the kitchens, dispensaries, store-tents and quarters of the
 attendants were placed in rear, Avith the sinks  on either flank.   During the month, some inconvenience Avas experienced from
 the proximity of a quartermaster's train temporarily parked in the immediate neighborhood.  The hospital of the 3d division Avas
 situated, during the month, in  the strip of woods in rear of the  Deserted house.   Being situated in the woods, this  hospital
 did not present the trim and regular appearance presented by the others; but it was situated  on sloping ground, Avhich made
 the drainage satisfactory, was kept clean, and its inmates  were comfortable and well attended to.  Like the  hospital of the 1st
 division, it Avas furnished Avith  a brick oven, capable of keeping the patients supplied Avith fresh bread.  *   ''■  The regimental
sick reports show  that there Avere forty killed and two hundred and fifty-three wounded during  the month of September, out
of a mean strength of nineteen thousand seven hundred  and sixty-four men.   One hundred  and seventy of the wounded and
one thousand five  hundred  and sixty-four sick  were sent during the month to the depot hospital at City Point. 
 ](,)0                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY OF  THE  POTOMAC,  1804.

       During the night of September 30th, the 3d division Avas removed from the trenches and bivouacked in the woods in rear
 the 1st and 2d divisions stretching out on the  left to occupy the vacated Avorks.   On the following  morning, the 3d division
 proceeded  by rail to Yellow tavern, whence it marched along Squirrel Level road, past Poplar Spring church, to the I'eeble
 house, then General Warren's headquarters.  General Warren, with portions of the Fifth and Ninth Corps, was at this time
 pushing toAvards  the Southside railroad.  After some little  delay at the Peeble house, our 3d division was placed in position
 on the left of the  line to prevent the enemy from executing successfully his^usual flank attack.  The weather was unpropitious,
 the rain on the 1st and 2d of October having been continuous and heavy, the nights chilly and raAV, and  the roads so muddy
 as to render marching disagreeable and laborious.  Meanwhile,  the hospital of the 3d division, which had followed the course of
 the corduroy road, was established  in the strip of woods midway between YelloAV tavern and the Gurley house, and not  far
 from Warren Station, whence it was intended to send the Avounded by rail to City Point.  The distance between this point and
 the position held by the division Avas nearly three miles.  In the skirmishes which followed, the 3d division had about seventy men
 Avounded, Avho  Avere speedily dressed and sent by rail to City Point.  October 6th, the division returned to  its former camp.
 The 1st and 2d divisions, in the meantime still occupied the works in front of the city.  The former extended from the Appomattox
 to Fort Morton; the latter connected on the left Avith the colored division  of the Ninth Army Corps.  The hospital of the  2d
 di vision remained at the Southall house, but on the afternoon of October 1st, Avhen the 3d division hospital Avas moved from the woods
 in rear of Deserted house, the 1st division hospital was transferred to that point, as the Burchard house, where it had been situated
 was considered insecure during the pending operations.   After the return of the 3d division, its hospital was re-established at this
 point, and that of  the 2d division Avas moved to the house near Meade's Station, which had been its location during the assault of the
 16th and 18th of  June, 1864.  The situation remained unaltered until the night of the 24th.   The 2d and 3d divisions were then
 relieved from the Avorks and massed  for action under cover of the woods.  The 1st division stretched  out to hold the line
 hitherto defended by the Avhole corps.  On the 25th, as it Avas necessary to put the hospitals in marching condition, the sick
 were sent to City Point.  About four hundred and fifty were  sent away, who were only slightly indisposed, but who were looked
 upon by regimental and brigade medical  officers as unable to accompany the troops on the march.  At two o'clock on the after-
 noon of the 26th, the 2d and 3d divisions, accompanied by the usual allovyances of one-half of the ambulances, and one medicine
 and one army wagon to each brigade, moved  towards the left.  That part of the train not permitted  to follow  the troops was
 sent within the defences of City Point to remain until called  for.   The line of march stretched through the Avoods by the Smith,
 Williams and Gurley houses to Fort Duchesne,  outside of which the men bivouacked at nightfall.  It Avas here  arranged that
 all the trains should remain at the Gurley house in park until  their presence was required at the front.  No exception was
 made of the wagons carrying medical supplies,  and Avhen the line  of march was again taken up, the ambulances only accom-
 panied the troops.  Reveille was sounded about three o'clock A. M., on the 27th, and shortly afterward the march was resumed,
 the 2d division being in advance.   Leaving Fort Duchesne, the column moved along the Halifax road about  two miles and a
 half, Avhen it struck off to the right along a narrow  road through the woods leading to a crossing over Hatcher's run, a short
 distance below Armstrong's mills.   An hour after daybreak,  the head of the column struck the enemy's pickets about a quarter
 of a mile from the crossing.  These were immediately driven in, and the  Avorks defending the passage of the run Avere assaulted
 and captured.  This success was achieved with a loss of about fifty wounded,  sufficient  to load up all the ambulances of the
 2d division, fifteen in number.   The medical director made application for permission to send these loaded wagons back to the
 Gurley house to leave the wounded and to return immediately to the front.   This Avas disapproved on the ground that strag-
 gling parties of the enemy's cavalry Avere now in our rear.   The Avounded had therefore  to be carried along Avith the troops
 towards the Boydton plank road,  wliich was struck early in the Jay near the  Burgess house, Avhere the run and the road
 intersect.   The enemy Avas here found in force,  and  disputed our  further advance.  In an  open field, on  the east side of the
 plank  road, and  about  half a mile from the Burgess  house, was a small frame building, with out houses  attached, called
 Rainey's.   Here the ambulances Avere instructed to unload, and the medical officers of the division hospitals  Avere ordered  to
 report.  This house was out of  range of the guns brought by the enemy to bear upon the right and centre of the line; but later
 in the day, as the medical  officers Avere extemporizing operating tables for some cases that demanded operative interference, an
 attack was made  by the enemy upon our left where General  Gregg's cavalry Avas dismounted.  During this attack the house
 was in the line  of fire, and so near that musketry reached it.   It became necessary therefore to remove the depot, together with
 such Avounded as  had arrived.   The ambulances were accordingly loaded and moved to a grove of pine trees on the east of the
 open space, but the stretcher carriers, acting upon the orders received earlier in the day, continued to bring in the wounded to
 the house, Avhere the medical officers therefore remained.  During the night arrangements were made to retire.  The ambulances
 started first, escorted by a  regiment of infantry.   They were  ordered to report at the Gurley house, Avhere the medicine wagons
 were parked.  The surgeons accompanying them Avere  instructed to form hospitals there, and to lose no time in performing the
 necessary operations, so that the Avounded might be sent to City Point Avithout delay.  On account of the deficiency of ambu-
lances, all the Avounded collected at the Rainey  house had to  be left there, to fall, next morning, into  the  hands of the enemy.
 Several medical officers, Avho, during the course cf the afternoon, volunteered to  remain Avith the Avounded, Avere, by order of
the  medical director,  empowered to do  so.   As  the medicine  wagons  had been  left behind, the supplies at  their disposal
 amounted only to  the contents of two or three  Chapin's  field companions.  The number of wounded left at  the house and on the
field amounted to  about two hundred and fifty.
      At ten o'clock p.  m., the  troops commenced to move  off, the 3d  division in advance.  The night Avas dark and rainy,
which  rendered the march along the narrow road through the  woods fatiguingly sIoav.   The troops  bivouacked on  the
banks of Hatcher's run, near the  mills, and early next morning,  all the stragglers having come up with the main body, tbe
march  was resumed.   Fort Duchesne Avas reached, and after some delay the troops went into camp on the evening of the
29th, in rear of the fortifications held during  their absence by the  1st division.  At an early hour, the same day, the Avounded
reached the Gurley house, where the necessary operations Avere  performed.   About three o'clock P. M., a  train of cars left
Warren Station with  the  majority of them, the remainder  Avere  sent by a second train which started late  in the evening.
In all,  one hundred and seventy-five wen- sent away.  The temporary hospitals formed at the Gurley house Avere then broken 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  E.  B.  DALTON,  U.  S.  V.                         191
up and removed to the old locations.  That of the 2d division, to the Southall house;  that of the 3d division, to the rear of the
Deserted house.  No medical property or ambulances fell into the hands of  the enemy,  except  the two or three field com-
panions left at the Rainey house.   While  the 2d  and 3d divisions Avere absent on this  expedition,  the 1st (Miles's), was
noisily engaged with the enemy in  front of Petersburg.  On  the  morning of the 20th, its hospital, then  situated near Monde's
Station, Avas broken up.  In view of the extreme caution displayed in having all the  trains belonging to the army removed to
the fortifications at City Point, it Avas thought to be too far to the rear and too much  exposed.   It Avas the intention to have
moved it nearer the front to escape the danger anticipated in the rear, but the peremptory order  from the  major general com-
manding the corps, to have all the Avagons and ambulances belonging to this hospital  removed at  once to City Point, prevented
its formation anew. Five ambulances only Avere excepted from this order.  It was noAV decided to establish brigade hospitals
in the bomb proofs in and around the forts, if an action Avith the enemy should call for their existence.   To this end, supplies
in Avhat the surgeon-in-chief considered to be a sufficient quantity were  taken out of the wagons and transported to the front.
Medical officers Avere ordered in case of an engagement  to rendezvous at certain fixed points, and the five ambulances at their
disposal Avere informed of the localities.
      On the 27th, some unimportant assaults were made upon the enemy's line.  The few Avounded resulting, twenty-five in
number, were very satisfactorily treated in the brigade hospitals.  Next  day they were sent to City Point, the division train Avas
brought up, and the hospital re-established on its previous site.  After dark, on the 31st, the 1st division was relieved from the
trenches by the 2d division, and encamped in the neighborhood of the Southall house.  The 2d division  hospital Avas moved at
the same time to the  house near Meade's Station,  and that  of the 1st division to an open space about half a mile in rear of
the Deserted house.  j       During the month of October, according to the regimental reports, the mean strength of tbe corps
was twenty-one thousand five hundred and twenty-eight  men, of Avhom,  one hundred and sixty-nine Avere killed and eight
hundred and twenty-three wounded.  Five hundred  and seven of the wounded and nine hundred and ninety-one sick Avere sent
to the depot hospital at City Point."      *      *       *
 CLL   Extracts from the Report of the Depot Field Hospital of the Army of the Potomac, from
      May to October,  1864.   By Surgeon E. B. Dalton, TJ. S. Yolunteers.

       *  *  *  "On the 7th of May, 1864, it was ordered from the headquarters of the army of the Potomac, that all the wounded
 from the battle-fields of the Wilderness should be taken  across the Rapidan via  Ely's Ford to Rappahannock  Station, on the
 Orange and Alexandria railroad, and thence  by railroad to Washington, and I was ordered to take general charge of their
 transportation.  Owing to the constant and heavy demand for ambulances at the front, a large number of army wagons Avere
 furnished by the quartermaster's department to assist in the execution of this order.  The amount of transportation, however,
 was still quite insufficient, and a large number of the Avounded were left at the various field depots, under the care of a few
 medical officers and attendants, provided with such  shelter, supplies and rations as the emergency allowed.   The train Avas
 at once gotten ready, loaded with Avounded, and furnished Avith the requisite rations  and  medical  supplies.  A few medical
 officers were detailed from each corps for the care of the wounded on  the road.  The train Avas fairly under way, Avhen the
 enemy's  cavalry Avas reported in the vicinity of Ely's Ford, and an order Avas received to proceed no farther in that direction,
 but to turn back and folloAV in the rear of the army.  This order was at once carried into effect, and the train folloAved the line
 of march during the night.  May 8th, I received an order to conduct the train to Fredericksburg, Virginia, and to place the
 wounded in temporary hospital accommodations there until  they could be  removed to Washington.  A suitable escort Avas
 provided, and the  train proceeded  as ordered, entering Fredericksburg  about one o'clock on the morning of the 9th.  The
 churches, public buildings, warehouses,  mills, and the more commodious of the private dwellings were  at once taken for
 hospital purposes, and a large number of wounded officers and men  Avere billeted upon  such of the families as still remained in
 town.  Over seven thousand Avounded, tbe Avhole number brought in the train, Avere thus placed under shelter.   The number of
 medical officers and attendants Avas, of necessity,  disproportionately small.   Some thirty medical officers only Avere present;
 these worked most faithfully and steadily, day and night.  The immediate necessities  of the Avounded were attended to Avith
 very little delay, and  the  less  pressing demands met with  all possible  despatch.   The absolute impossibility of preparing
 accurate  records under the  circumstances, makes it impossible  now to  furnish more than a report of the general conduct of
 affairs.   Every effort  Avas made to systematize matters as rapidly as possible.  The organization adopted Avas by corps,
 corresponding to the organization of the army.   Certain buildings, with the adjacent portion of the toAvn, Avere assigned to each
 corps, and the men belonging to the same collected, as far as practicable, Avithin  the limits of this district.   From the medical
 officers of each corps  present, one was selected as surgeon in charge, and the  remainder were  assigned to duty as assistants.
 This same  organization, Avith some  modification in the details,  has been  continued  to the  present time.  The day after the
 occupation of the city, and for several days subsequently, trains of ambulances containing supplies, were sent Avith a flag of
 truce, under charge of a medical officer, to the Wilderness, for the purpose of completing the. removal of the Avounded.  All,
 save a few taken by the enemy, were thus brought into town.  Owing to the fact that the occupation of Fredericksburg as a
 hospital Avas entirely unexpected,  a day or tAvo intervened between the  arrival of the wounded and  the  establishment  of
 communication with Washington, during which time the supply of medical and hospital stores, surgical appliances, etc., Avas
 quite limited.   Vessels laden with everything necessary, reached Belle Plain on the 10th of May, however, and wagon trains at
 once brought an abundance to the city.  At the same time  a number of surgeons from civil life arrived and reported for duty in
accordance with orders from the Surgeon General's Office.  Many  of these  rendered valuable  assistance.  Immediately upon
the establishment of communication Avith Washington, measures Avere taken  to transfer to that city all such men as seemed
likely to  remain disabled for more than thirty days   All the available means of transportation Avere  used for the more serious
cases, Avhile many who were Avounded in the upper extremities were sent in  squads on foot to Belle Plain, under charge of a
medical officer and there  placed on board the transports.  Meantime the battle  of Spottsylvania sent daily accessions to the 
192                  APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY OF  THE  POTOMAC,  1864.

number of Avounded in the city.  In some instances the ambulance and Avagon trains containing these m<m were unloaded at
Fredericksburg, Avhile in others, they were halted for a sufficient length of time to allow provision for the immediate wants of
those on board, and AA'ere then  sent on at once to Belle Plain.  On the 20th, three hundred hospital tents  arrived.   These were
distributed to the dift'ereut corps hospitals, and Avere at once pitched outside the toAvn, Avhere  as many of  the wounded as could
be accommodated Avere transferred from the buildings without delay.
      On the 22d, the repairs of the Falmouth  and Aquia Creek raihvay Avere completed; and this road was constantly used for the
removal of theAVounded to Aquia landing, to Avhich point the depots previously at Belle Plain had been transferred.  Simultaneously
with the opening of the  railroad, light-draught steamers reached the city by the Rappahannock river.  These Avere hastily fur-
nished Avith supplies, straw,  etc., and used for the transportation of Avounded  to Tappahannock  and other points lower down
the river, Avhere hospital transports Avere ready to receive them and convey them to Washington.   The  army had now moved
so far that Fredericksburg Avas no longer eligible as a hospital depot, and  every effort was made to  evacuate the town as
promptly as possible.  By the  morning of the 28th of May, the wounded Avere all removed, and all public property placed on
board steamers and barges in tow.  These dropped doAvn the river under convoy of a gunboat, Avhile the  ambulances and army
Avagons moved overland under escort of the troops Avhich had been  garrisoning the city during its occupation.  By night both
had reached Port Royal, Avhich had already been occupied  as a depot, but was about to be abandoned  in consequence of the
march of the  army towards the Peninsula.  Some thousand wounded had been brought here from the front by Surgeon A. J.
Phelps, U. S. V., and by him sent thence to Washington.   No more were  expected, and White House, on the Pamunkey river,
had been designated as the next base.  The necessary arrangements for transportation to that point were made without delay,
and  the medical officers with their hospital attendants and property, sailed on the afternoon of the following day. Surgeon
W. L. Faxon, 32d Massachusetts, in charge of Fifth  Corps hospital, remained in charge at Port Royal until the departure of
the last boat, to see that nothing appertaining to the department should be neglected. After thoroughly performing this duty, he
accompanied the troops and trains  overland to the neAV base.  We reached White House on the 3oth, and immediately com-
menced unloading, pitching the tents, and  preparing  for the reception of the  Avounded, Avhose arrival from the battle-field of
Hanovertown and  Cool  Arbor was  iioav looked for every hour.  The hospital tents Avere  arranged along the river bank in
double echelon, extending from the former site of the  White House some three quarters of a mile  down the river, and occupying
a breadth of half a mile.   Shelter, supplies and facilities for  cooking  Avere in readiness when the first train reached the
landing on the afternoon of the 1st of June.  Captain Pitkin, A. Q. M., depot quartermaster, spared no efforts to afford every
facility for the prompt accommodation and comfortable transportation of these  men.  It being understood  that this base was but
temporary, every available steamer bound thence to Washington was temporarily provided Avith straw, rations, medical supplies,
and cooking apparatus, and  loaded with Avounded.   These were sent under charge of medical officers  detailed for this duty.
Thus, thousands found immediate accommodation upon  the boats Avithout even the delay of registering  their names, sufficient
examination being given upon  the spot to prevent the escape of malingerers or deserters.
      From the 1st of June to the 13th, there were daily and sometimes hourly arrivals of trains  from the front, the numbers
thus received being sufficient  to keep the hospitals full in spite of every effort to relieve them.   On the 13th, however, the
arrivals ceased.  Information  was received that the  army was moving by the left flank to  the James river, and twenty-four
hours sufficed to send aAvay a large proportion of the remaining Avounded, to strike the tents and to repack and ship a good
portion of the property.  At this juncture, Captain J. E. Jones, assistant quartermaster, and Captain B. F. Talbot, commissary
of subsistence, reported for duty at the hospital.   The latter at once provided abundance of subsistence stores, issued a sufficient
quantity for those who must  remain a day or so, and shipped the remainder, to be taken with the first medical boat for the new
base.  Assistant Surgeon A. K. St. Clair, 5th Michigan Cavalry, was detailed to remain  in charge at the landing, Avhence he
successfully removed the remaining wounded and stores.  On the morning of the 14th, a large proportion of the medical officers,
the commissary and quartermaster, together Avith the purveying department and most of the hospital property, started down the
Pamunkey, en route for Jamestown island in the James river, which had been  designated as the rendezvous until further orders.
A temporary  delay was occasioned at Yorktown by  the great reluctance of the captains of the  steamers  Planter, Farmer and
Hu<di Jenkins to proceed.   Their objections  were, hoAvever,  overruled, and Ave reached Jamestown island on the afternoon of
the 15th.   Here orders Avere received to proceed to City Point, and there establish the hospital depot.   On the 16th, upon reaching
the pontoon bridge near Fort Powhattan, Ave were delayed by the crossing of cavalry and cattle.   Surgeon Phelps, however,
succeeded in  getting above  the bridge by means of  a small  boat, and thence by tug to City Point, where he selected a site
for the hospitals.   We finally  reached City Point on the 18th, just as a train of ambulances arrived loaded with Avounded from
the assault  upon Petersburg.  These Avere at once  attended to,  and transportation  to Washington procured for them, hospital
transports being loaned for that purpose by Surgeon McCormick, U. S. A., medical director of the department of Virginia and
North Carolina.  The hospital property Avas at once  unloaded and conveyed  to the site selected, and there put in readiness as
rapidly as possible for-the reception of the Avounded, who still continued to come in in large numbers.   The site, which is that still
occupied, is located south of the James river, one mile from City Point, towards Petersburg.  It is situated upon a broad plain
extending from the Petersburg pike to the high  bluffs overlooking the  basin of the  Appomattox, just  at  tbe junction of the
latter with the James river.   The plan of the encampment, Avhich still remains essentially unaltered, Avas  mainly devised by
Dr. Phelps.   Some irregularities  occurred in its  execution  in  consequence of the embarrassment of laying out the camp and
erecting tents at the same time that the presence of wounded called constantly for professional labors. By means of pontoons,
temporary Avharves were soon constructed, at a convenient point,  a short distance up the Appomattox.  These were for the
exclusive use of the hospital, and were used  for landing and issuing supplies, and for  transferring wounded to the hospital
transports.  The  services of the  transports  were immediately, and, for a time,  constantly in demand.  Two of these, the
Connecticut and State of Maine, Avere of sufficiently light draught to be able to come alongside the Avharf.  The De Molay
could only reach the mouth of the Appomattox, and Avas there loaded by means of  lighters.  The  Atlantic, Baltic and Western
Metropolis came no farther than Fortress Monroe or Newport News, and Avere there  loaded by transfers from the Connecticut
and  State of  Maine.  All rendered most eflicient service, especially the Connecticut, which has  been throughout the campaign 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON  E.  B.  DALTON,  U.  S.  V.
193
remarkable for the promptness  and energy  displayed  in  her management.  The purveying department met all necessary
demands with promptness and liberality.  Nothing essential to the care of the Avounded was Avanting.   Bed sacks and  blankets
were supplied  without  stint, and  arranged upon  the ground beneath  the  tents.   None  were without shelter.   Drugs and
dressings Avere in abundance.  Hospital stores, ice, and even delicacies, Avere constantly issued.  Cooking stoves, cauldrons and
portable ovens Avere on hand in  sufficient quantity for any emergency.   Requisitions received prompt and full  attention at all
times.  But a short time elapsed before the arrival of an abundant supply of bedsteads, Avhen sheets and  pillow cases were at
once made use of in all  cases where they could essentially add to the comfort of the patient.  The capacity of the hospital Avas
rapidly increased, until it became capable of accommodating  ten  thousand patients.   At first these were mainly wounded, but
as the season advanced, and the prolonged duty in the trenches told upon  the men, the proportion  of sick became greater.
Each successive engagement*Avould fill the beds Avith Avounded, but these, especially the severely injured, Avere sent  north as
rapidly as possible, while the sick, as  a  general rule, were removed only when the  character of the case rendered a change
of climate essential to recovery.  The entire encampment  now covers an area of some two  hundred acres, and is composed
of twelve hundred  hospital tents.   The  latter Avere  originally pitched  in groups composed of two  tents,  Avith  an  intervening
fly, and placed end to end.  These groups are arranged in  rows, side by side, divided by lateral interspaces of fifteen feet in
width between the individual groups.  The ends of the groups fronted  streets sixty feet wide, running parallel  with the river,
and meeting at right  angles a main avenue one hundred and eighty feet in width, which extends through the centre  of the
camp  from the verge of the bluff to the Petersburg  pike.   Since the approach of cold Aveather, an entire tent  has been
substituted for the intervening  fly in  each group.  Shortly after the establishment of the hospital at this point,  works were
constructed by the quartermaster  for  supplying the encampment Avith Avater.  Tavo  steam engines of four-horse  poAver each
were placed at the foot of the bluff, at  the  edge of the river, whence  they forced Avater into  a tank capable of containing
six thousand gallons.  The tank Avas raised thirty feet above  the level of the  bluff, and  supported upon a strong  trestle
work.  From this tank a conducting pipe tAvo inches in diameter descends  to the ground, and is  conducted eighteen  inches
below the surface along the main avenue.  At right  angles to this main pipe, smaller ones diverge  at intervals, and enter the
various divisions of the hospital, Avhere, at the extremity of each pipe,  is a hydrant.  These  works, which were completed on
the 6th of July, haA'e proved entirely satisfactory, and an abundance of river water Avas thus supplied for laundry, bathing
and other purposes.   Wells were dug in  various parts of the hospital, and these, Avith numerous springs in  the vicinity, afforded
a plentiful  supply for drinking  and cooking.  For  several Aveeks subsequently to the  arrival at City Point no rain  fell, and
the accumulation of dust  became  a source of the greatest discomfort.   Bodies of troops and wagon trains were constantly
passing along  the main road, and the dust  was  borne in dense clouds over the  camp, filling the tents  and penetrating the
bed-clothes.  This matter was represented  at the  Surgeon General's  Office, and sprinkling carts applied  for.   Eight of these
were promptly sent down from Washington, and were immediately and constantly made use of.  They afforded  great  relief,
not only in subduing  the dust, but also in moderating the intense heat of the atmosphere.  To afford some  shade, broad boAvers
were built continuously alougthe  ends of the tents on each side of the streets.  For purposes of drainage, each group of tents
was surrounded by a trench eight inches in depth.  From these trenches  the water was conducted into ditches, which ran
along each  side of the streets, and terminated  in  still larger ones in the various irregular ravines with Avhich the ground is
broken up, and which descend  rapidly to the river.   This system of drainage has proved entirely effectual.  It is impossible
by merely quoting the register to convey an accurate idea of the sick and wounded who have received attention in this  hospital.
At Fredericksburg,  at White House, and,  still later,  at  City Point, hundreds passed through under circumstances  which
rendered it impracticable to register  their names, or even to estimate their number  accurately.  This  always occurred during
or immediately subsequent to an engagement, Avhen the  accumulation of wounded and the constant calls for professional  labor
sometimes made it necessary to transfer at once from the  ambulances to the hospital transports.  In  fact, as I have already
stated,  so  unremitting were the professional duties  of  the medical officers  during the  first  fortnight  at  Fredericksburg that
it  was impossible  even to prepare morning reports,  and it was not  until the 16th of May that a numerical  report was
attempted.  From that date to the present, daily reports have been forwarded, and they show that from the 16th of May to
October 31st there have been received into this  hospital,  and retained here under treatment for  at least forty-eight hours,
sixty-eight thousand  five hundred and forty sick and wounded officers and men.   Of these,  fifty-one thousand three  hundred
and thirteen have been transferred to the various general  hospitals at the north, and eleven  thousand  seven  hundred and six
have been returned to duty Avith their commands.   One thousand five hundred and sixteen have died.  A large number  of the
wounded had sustained amputati >ns, or other capital operations, at the immediate front before coming to  this hospital;  but in
many other cases similar interference was  still necessary.   The  experience here has given  the most  convincing  evidence in
favor of primary operations in gunshot  Avounds.  The  majority of the  sick  received during the summer have suffered from
dysentery, diarrhoea  and  malarial fevers.   A  small proportion of cases of typhoid fever  have occurred,  and  a  very few
comparatively of pneumonia and  other diseases of the  chest.   The manifestations of malarial  influences have, as a genera]
rule, been of a mild character, and evidently OAving, in  a great measure, to the prolonged  exposure  and hard service to  Avhich
the men have been subjected in  the trenches.   In fact, very many of them do not properly come under the head  of either
of the recognized  classes of malarious fever, but were rather cases of a depressed condition not inaptly expressed  by the term
malarial-malaise.  A  large proportion of these recovered rapidly and entirely under the influences of rest,  cleanliness and good
nourishment, together with a moderate administration of quinine and iron.  A number of cases of disease have occurred  within
the limits of the encampment, but not  in sufficient  number or of sufficient severity to impair the efficiency  of the hospital, or tq
throw any doubt upon  the propriety of its continuance.  On the contrary, the number who have  recovered and  returned to
duty Avithin a few  weeks after their admission, and without their removal to a distance from the seat of war, have  proved this
site a most eligible one."       *      *
25 
 194                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF THE  POTOMAC,  1864.

 CLII.   Extracts from the  Report  of the  Medical  and  Hospital  Department  of  the Second
      Division,  Cavalry Corps,  Army of the Potomac, from Jaly 19 to December 31, 4st;4    ]>)V
      Assistant Surgeon E.  J. Marsh,  U. S. Army.
       '   *   *   "July 19, 1864,  I reported for duty as acting surgeon-in-chief of the 2d  division, Cavalry Corps, Surgeon
 Phillips,  1st New Jersey Cavalry,  being absent on sick leave.   The division consisted of the following troops: 1st brigade- 1st
 New Jersey Cavalry, 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry, 6th Ohio Cavalry, 10th NeAV York Cavalry and
 Battery A 2d U. S. Artillery: 2d brigade; 1st Maine Cavalry, 2d, 4th, 8th, 13th and 16th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Avith Battery I
 1st U. S.  Artillery.  The division was encamped between Light-house Point and City Point, on both sides of the telegraph road
 With few exceptions, all the camps were in the woods,  some on high ground, some on lower sites, but all quite dry  in consequence
 of the long continued drought, and the extreme heat rendered the shelter of the woods very desirable for both men and  horses
 The water was generally good, and rations were abundant, Avith the exception of fresh vegetables, the supply of which was scanty
 The sick list was large, especially  in the 2d  brigade, the report of which, for the week ending July 23d, showed two hundred
 and thirty-tAvo men sent to general hospital, and two hundred and twenty-seven  remaining sick, out of an aggregate strength
 of four thousand nine hundred and forty-seven men.   No division or regimental hospital had been established, and all serious
 cases were sent at once from their  regiments to the corps hospital at City Point.  The full number of ambulances, medicine and
 transportation Avagons Avere on hand, but many of the boxes of the ambulances were not well filled, especially in the first
 brigade.   July 26th, we received  orders to  be ready to march in the afternoon;  all the lighter cases of sickness were left in
 camp Avith one medical officer from each brigade.  The more serious cases, thirty-six in number, were sent to City Point.  But
 five ambulances Avere allowed to  accompany the division,  and the medical director of the corps had  one army wagon with
 supplies.  We marched just before dark, proceeding across the Appomattox to the James river opposite Deep Bottom.  On the
 morning  of July 27th, we crossed  the James and proceeded to Strawberry Plains, where  we remained all  day.  I had made
 preparations to organize a field hospital, placing Surgeon W. M. Weidman, 2d Pennsylvania Cavalry, in charge, and detailing
 operating surgeons, assistants, and a corps of attendants.  Before starting, I had loaded  one of the ambulances with medical
 supplies, and had placed a hospital tent fly in each ambulance.
       On the morning of July 28th, we moved out the New Market road towards the Charles City road, and soon  came upon
 the enemy in force.  The  ambulances had been  ordered to march in the rear of the division, and they had not come up when
 the first wounded came in.  I directed Assistant Surgeon Tuft, 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry, to assist Surgeon Weidman in selecting
 a place for the hospital.  They established it at a house about half a mile back on the Malvern Hill road; many of the wounded
 came thither on horseback, or were  carried by their comrades, before the ambulances arrived.  The rebel infantry being in
 force, drove our  dismounted  men, and captured one of our  guns.  They Avere  soon, however, forced back, leaving many of
 their wounded.  We afterwards moved back by the Malvern  Hill road, and, by orders of  the general commanding, I had the
 wounded placed in the ambulances and carried to Malvern  Hill.  Here the wounded were placed in the shade, near a large
 house,  where there was good Avater and a supply of ice. An operating room was extemporized of tent flies, and nearly all the
 cases Avere soon attended to.  Meanwhile, I had gone back to the battle-field with the ambulance train  and removed those of
 our Avounded who had  been left  upon the  field, together Avith several of the rebel wounded.  Late in the afternoon, I was
 directed to take all the wounded to Allen's farm on StraAvberry Plains,  AArhere the 1st division of the corps had established their
 hospital.   They occupied the house,  so the  wounded under my charge were laid on the grass near by and sheltered by the tent
 flies.  They were all soon fed, and those who had not yet received surgical aid were attended to.  Assistant Surgeon DuBois,
 U. S. A., acting medical director of the corps, made arrangements for shipping them off that night on board a transport. For
 this purpose he borroAved ambulances from the medical director of the  Second Corps, and by midnight they were all on board
 of the boat.   In this affair, according to the regimental reports, our division lost fifteen killed, eighty-one wounded and twenty
missing;  total,  one hundred and sixteen.  Sixty-eight of our own wounded and twelve rebels were received and treated at the
field hospital.   July 29th, Ave  remained in the same position, and there was no fighting except an attack, towards evening, on
the pickets of the 1st Maine, Avhich had three men wounded.  The command recrossed the James river during the night, and the
Avounded last mentioned, together with a few sick, were sent  in ambulances to City Point.  July 30th, we marched from  the
Appomattox to Lee's mill, on Warwick swamp.   The day was excessively hot, and the men and horses Avere greatly exhausted.
We found the enemy at Lee's mill  posted on the opposite side of the stream.  In the skirmish that followed, we had eleven
men Avounded, who were  taken  to Lee's house, where a temporary hospital was established, the wounded  fed, their wounds
dressed and necessary operations were performed.  During the night the whole division moved back towards'Prince  George
Court-house, where the 2d brigade Avent  into camp, while the  1st brigade encamped  betAveen that place and Lee's  mill.  The
Avounded were sent to City Point.  We remained here till August 5th,  when we moved back to our old camp near Light-house
Point.  While at this place, I established a temporary hospital, using the tent flies Avhich  I had in the ambulances, and having
others,  together with additional hospital stores, brought up from our train.   When we moved, on the 5th of August, I had the
patients, forty-five in number,  sent to City Point.  At this time, the 1st and 3d divisions of the Cavalry Corps were sent to the
Shenandoah valley.  The  2d Avas iioav the only cavalry division in the army of the Potomac.  After returning to the camp near
Light-house Point, I undertook to organize a division hospital.  *  *  I found  on hand eleven hospital tents  and the usual
field supplies for two brigades.   By direction of the general  commanding  the  division, I established the hospital near the
cavalry depot, as this Avould be a comparatively permanent camp, and not subject to the frequent movements of the rest of the
division.   The cavalry depot was  on the James river, at the mouth of Bailey's Creek, about two miles below City Point.   It
was organized to recei\'e the dismounted men of the division, together with recruits and convalescents  returning from  general
hospital, and to supply them with  horses and arms before joining  their regiments.   The site selected for the hospital was an
open grassy  plain, surrounded by Avoods, and about half a mile from the river.  Here I had all the  hospital tents pitched, and
placed  Assistant Surgeon R. H. Tuft,  1st Pennsylvania Cavalry, in charge.  A suitable  number of attendants were detailed.
August 9th,  we again moved to Prince George Court-house,  where Ave remained until August 13th, when we  broke camp to 
                       REPORT  OF  ASSISTANT SURGEON  E.  J.  MARSH,  U.  S.  A.                   195

take part in the movement of the Second and Tenth Corps, north of the James river.   I had all the sick who  were unable to
travel sent to the division hospital.  By order, I took ten ambulances and a medicine wagon Avith the column, placing some
hospital tent flies in the ambulances.  I organized a temporary field hospital for the expedition, placing Surgeon Weidman, 2d
Pennsylvania Cavalry, in charge and detailing an operating staff, assistants and attendants.  We marched all night and reached
Allen's farm on Strawberry Plains shortly before daybreak on the 14th.  Here we rested some hours, and then marching along
the Newmarket road had a skirmish at  Gravel Hill, driving the enemy before us, Avith a loss of a few  killed and thirteen
wounded.  I established the field hospital in a grove on  StraAvberry Plains, near the  river.   August  15th, we moved up the
Charles City road and had a skirmish, in which nine men  were Avounded who were taken to the field hospital.  On the morning
of August 16th, the division being about to move on a reconnoissance, I transferred our wounded to the Second  Corps hospital.
Tbe 2d brigade, with one section of artillery, moved out the Charles City road, and at  Deep Run, a small stream running into
White Oak swamp, was joined by General  Miles's brigade of the Second Corps.  The enemy Avas found posted on the other
side of the run.  During the  operations of the day, the  2d brigade had  about  a hundred  men wounded, and, as but  five
ambulances had been allowed  to accompany us, I was obliged, during the morning, to send back for more.  #   *  At first, I
selected a house near the Charles City road for a hospital, but the surgeon in charge  subsequently found  the  locality unsafe,
and moved back to a dry pine wood on the NeAvmarket road.  To this place the wounded were carried  by the ambulances.
We removed also several of the Avounded of General Miles's brigade, Avhich had only a few ambulances with it.   As far as
possible, all the wounded AArere  dressed, fed and  sheltered, and  necessary operations  were  performed; among them several
amputations and resections.  In the evening, I learned from the  medical director of the Second Corps, that a transport would
be at the Avharf next morning  to carry the Avounded to City Point.  As we had but ten  ambulances, he sent an additional train
by means of Avhich  all our patients were sent off at the appointed hour.  During the 17th, we held the same lines and had no
fighting. On  the 18th, in the afternoon, our pickets at  Riddle's shop Avere attacked, and  also the regiment at Deep Run.
Nine men were Avounded. The hospital had been moved back to a grove  near the river, to which the Avounded were carried
and dressed.   August 19th, the 1st brigade was  ordered to the left of the army, where the Weldon railroad had just been
seized.  I sent some ambulances and medical stores with  it.   During the 19th and 20th, the 2d brigade remained in the same
position.  At this time, I relieAred Assistant Surgeon Tuft from the charge of the division hospital, and assigned Assistanl
Surgeon L. E. Atkinson, 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry, to that duty.
      During the night of the 20th, we recrossed the James and Appomattox rivers, and marched to Prince George Court-
house, AA'hich we reached at an early hour in the morning.  The expedition north of the James river had been very fatiguing.
During many of the nights the men were without sleep, and during the whole time they were on picket  duty.  Skirmishing
had been very frequent, and the  labors of the  medical officers were onerous.   During the expedition, according to the regi-
mental reports, there Avere thirty killed, one hundred* and  sixty-five wounded, and one  hundred and thirty-six missing.   Total,
two hundred and thirty-one.   One hundred and tAventy-seven of the wounded were admitted into the field  hospital.  The total
number of medical officers present for duty  Avas eleven.   August 21st, after a feAV hours' rest, we proceeded by way of Sturde-
vant's mills to the Jerusalem plank road, and during the night continued our march to within a short distance of the Weldon
railroad. The condition of the roads was so bad, owing to the late rains, that it was almost impossible to bring any wheeled
vehicles along.  We were obliged to leave our artillery behind, and it was  Avith great difficulty that Ave succeeded in bringing
the ambulances.  At the Weldon railroad the first brigade joined us.  On the previous day, in a skirmish,  six of their men had
been wounded. These had been put into a house and dressed; on the 22d they were sent to City Point.  August 23d, Ave pro-
ceeded down the railroad to Reams's Station, guarding the flank of the Second Corps which was engaged in  tearing up and
destroying the railroad.  In the afternoon the enemy appeared in force on the road leading from Reams's to Dinwiddie  Court-
house.  They attacked and endeavored to drive us from our position but were repulsed.  They continued  the attack, however,
until dark, but without any success.  Our men being partially  protected, Ave had comparatively few casualties; in all about
forty wounded. I established a hospital in  a church  at Reams's  Station, nearly a mile from  the field of battle.  Many of the
cases were severe and required operations, but all were dressed and made comfortable  for tbe night.  Next morning a few more
operations were performed.  The day before the fight I had sent back for the remainder of our ambulance train, and this having
now arrived, the wounded Avere all sent to  City Point. On the 24th, there Avas  no fighting.  The  Second Corps  meanwhile
coutinued the destruction of the railroad, but on  the morning of the 25th the enemy attacked our cavalry in the advance and
flank, and soon appeared in strong force.  General Hancock accordingly  drew in his working parties and prepared to resist
the attack, availing himself of a strong line of breastworks erected some Aveeks previously by the Sixth Corps.  The first brigade
of our division was on the right, keeping up the communication Avith General Warren, and the 2d brigade  on the left.  During
the morning we had  a few men  wounded, and  I had established my hospital at the Emmon's house, a short distance from
Reams's  Station, on the road leading  to the Jerusalem  plank road.  Here there were some shade trees, grassy ground, an
ice-house and  a well.   Some  of the wounded of General Kautz's cavalry were also  brought to this hospital.  The medical
director of the  Second Army Corps was about to establish  his hospital in the same place, but was instructed by General Hancock
that it was unsafe.   On hearing this, I moved the  wounded under my charge to Reams's  Station, where I  occupied the church
we had used a few days before.  This, too, in a few hours became unsafe,  and we Avere obliged before evening to withdraw to
the plank road. The enemy had attacked the Second Corps in their works, and had  been repulsed two or three times, but
about four and-a-half o'clock they succeeded in dislodging them, capturing some guns and a number of prisoners.  Our cavalry
line on the left remained in position until dark, when the whole line was withdrawn, the 2d brigade bringing up the rear.  It is
believed that none of our wounded Avere left on the field.   *  *
      During  the operations on the Weldon railroad the loss  of our division Avas  as follows:   Killed, ten;  wounded, fifty-nine;
missing, five; total, seventy-four.  The Avounded were sent to City Point.  August 26th, the division encamped on the Jerusalem
plank road, north of the Blackwater.  The camp of the first brigade was nearly a mile west of the road, some of the regiments
being in the pine woods, others on small hillocks.  The soil being dry and sandy was easily drained.  In some of the regimental
camps wells were dug to supply drinking water.  The 2d brigade was encamped along the plank road on dry sandy hillocks 
196
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY  OF  THE  FOTOMAC,  1864.
 where there was <_'ood spring Avater.  The men had the usual shelter tents, Avhich, in almost all cases, Avere raised from the ground
 and raised bunks Avere built to  sleep on.  In a very feAV cases the men slept on the ground.  The  division  remained at this
 camp until the end of September.  During the month there Avas  a good deal of sickness, the average number on sick report
 being about eight per cent., and the proportion in  both brigades being about the  same.   The chief diseases were diarrhoea,
 dysentery and malarial fevers, many of the latter being of a  remittent type.  Only the lighter cases Avere treated in camp, the
 more severe being sent to division hospital, and as soon  as this became filled, transferred to City Point.  The number thus sent
 to City Point during the month Avas tAvo hundred and forty-eight.  The division hospital remained as before,  near the cavalry
 depot, and Avas kept in good condition.  September 1st, Surgeon  G. W. Colby,  1st Maine Cavalry, was placed in charge.  On
 the night of September 15th, the rebel cavalry made a raid in the rear of our army, and drove off a large herd  of cattle  from
 Coggins's Point, on the James river.  A squadron of the 13th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Avhich Avas guarding them,  had a numln-r
 of men captured, among them Assistant Surgeon Stanton of  that regiment.   Early the next  morning this division Avas sent in
 pursuit.  It moved doAvn the plank road and found the rebels  posted  on the opposite side of Jones's hole swamp, in a very
 strong position, from Avhich it was found impossible to dislodge them.  In this  affair fifteen men Avere wounded.   On the  17th
 the division returned to camp, and the more severely Avounded were sent to City Point.  Early on the morning of the 29th the
 division again broke camp, and leaving the 16th Pennsylvania Cavalry on picket along the plank road, inarched to YcIIoav
 taA*ern on the  Weldon railroad.  I was directed to take along one medicine wagon and ten  ambulances.  I assigned Surgeon
 Junkin, 4th Pennsylvania Cavalry,  to the charge of the field hospital, and made the usual details of surgeons and attendants.
 From the YelloAV tavern Ave proceeded  down  the Halifax to  the Wyatt road.   In the meantime the Fifth Corps had moved out
 beyond Poplar Grove church.  We  proceeded up the Wyatt road, and, at Arthur's sAvamp,  met the enemy's pickets.  During
 the skirmishing which ensued several of our men Avere Avounded. two of them by the explosion of the limber chest  of one  of
 our guns.  *  *  I established a field hospital at the site  of the old Perkins  house on the  Halifax road.  The  tent flies  Avere
 put up and the Avounded Avere fed, their wounds examined, and the necessary operations performed.   Next morning thev  Avere
 taken to Warren Station and sent by cars to City Point.
       During the 30th, the division advanced beyond the Vaughan road, but the enemy having fallen back, did  not molest us.
 October 1st, on  the  supposition  that the  division was to  move  to the left of the infantry line, I Avas  directed to move the
 hospital within  the Avorks at Warren Station.   It rained all day, but the tent flies were put up, and with the help of boards
 taken from an old camp, and hay procured from the quartermaster at the station, a comfortable hospital was established.   The
 division, hoAvever, only went as far as Poplar Grove church, and then returned to its position at the Davis house, covering the
 Vaughan road, where it had thrown up a short line of breastAvorks.  These were occupied by the 1st brigade, the 2d  being on
 its left, and extending back to the  Halifax  road.  In the morning,  the enemy attacked with cavalry and artillery,  but were
 Boon repulsed.  Between three and four o'clock in the afternoon, they again attacked in  force, repeatedly charging the works.
 The fighting continued until dark, Avhen they withdreAV.  During the day, Ave had about thirty Avounded, who were temporarily
 dressed on the field, and afterwards carried to the hospital at Warren Station,  Avhere they were  all  fed, operated on, and,  next
 day, sent by rail to City Point.  October 2d, the diA'ision Avent into camp on the Vaughan road, and  remained there until the
 3d, Avhen it returned to the old camp on the Jerusalem plank road.  During the expedition, our entire loss wa9 eighteen killed,
 seventy-three  wounded, eighty-three missing;  total, one hundred and seventy-four.  The number  received into hospital  was
 fifty-seven.  After our arrival  in camp, I  ordered the division hospital to be removed from its position near the cavalry depot
 to a retired field a short distance from the division encampment.  The site selected was dry, the soil sandy, and the tents being
 on the broAV of the hill, could easily be drained in Avet weather.   A Avell was dug, an oven built, and every provision Avas made
 for the comfort of the patients.  The division remained in this camp  during  the greater part of the month.  The camps were
 generally in good condition.  There was  less sickness than  during September, but diarrhoeas and  dysenteries still prevailed,
 and  there  were a feAV cases of scurvy.  About the  middle of the month a neAV brigade was formed.  It consisted of the 1st
 Maine  from the 2d brigade,  the 6th  Ohio  from the 1st brigade, and the 21st Pennsylvania Cavalry, a regiment just attached  to
 the division, Avhich during the summer had been dismounted  and served as infantry in the Fifth Corps.  The 24th New York,
 a regiment  Avhich had been serving under similar circumstances Avith the Ninth Corps, was assigned to the 1st brigade.
 On October 25th, I received orders to send the sick to City  Point, and  break  up the hospital preparatory to a general move.
 This Avas done on the 26th, and one hundred and  eighty-one men were sent to hospital.  The hospital tents were loaded
 in wagons and sent Avith the general train to City Point.  I  was directed to take along one army wagon, one medicine wagon
 and half the ambulances. In the wagon I  loaded  a hospital tent and  all the tent-flies, with blankets, clothing and rations.
 Surgeon Le Moyne, of the 16th Pennsylvania  Cavalry, was placed  in  charge of the field  hospital, and medical officers and
 attendants were detailed as usual.
      On October 26th, at three o'clock  p. m.,  we  broke camp, and marched to the Perkins house on the Weldon railroad,
 Where we bivouacked for the night.  Early next morning, we marched to the BoydtOAvn plank road.   The Second Corps  went
 by the  Wyatt  road and Armstrong's mill, while we kept farther to the left, by the Halifax, Dimwiddie and Quaker roads.  We
 encountered the enemy about daybreak,  and skirmished  all morning,  having several  men killed and wounded, who  Avere
 dressed temporarily, and moved on in the ambulances Avith  the command.  About noon, we struck the BoydtoAvn plank  road,
 and joined the Second Corps,  which had  moved by a shorter route.   *  *  During the afternoon, the rebels made a vigorous
 attack on General Hancock's right  flank, at the same time their cavalry came up the plank  road and engaged our 3d brigade.
The  ambulances had been parked in an  open field, but the enemy's artillery rendered their position unsafe,  and, after the
cavalry attack on the plank road, I Avas directed to  have them move  back  about a mile on  the  road  by Avhich we came to the
point Avhere General Davies's brigade Avas stationed.  After the fighting had ceased, the ambulances were again brought to the
front to collect the Avounded.   During the afternoon it began to rain, and continued raining steadily until late at night.  The
ambulance  corps, however, brought in the Avounded,  including  a  number who had collected  around the house occupied  by
 the Second Corps as a hospital.  They were all fed, and AA-e Avere  ordered to  be ready to  move at eleven o'clock P. M.  The
ambulances  not sufficing to carry all the Avounded. I took  some  Avagons Avhich had been captured in the morning.  Avith two 
REPORT  OF  ASSISTANT  SURGEON  E.  J. MARSH,  U.  S.  A.
197
 empty ammunition Avagons, and thus succeeded in carrying off all the Avounded Avho had been collected, about one hundred
 in number.   It is possible that, during the day, a feAV of the Avounded may have fallen into the hands of the enemy.  At eleven
 o'clock P. M., Ave  moved back on the  road by Avhich  Ave had advanced, but having considerable  difficulty in crossing the
 wagons  over the  bridge at Gravelly Run, it was daylight before Ave reached the  Halifax  road.  We went into camp at the
 Perkins house, and Surgeon  Le Moyne at once made preparations for feeding the wounded and establishing a hospital.  The
 tents  ami tent flies Avere soon put  up, tbe Avounded  removed from  the ambulances, their Avounds were dressed, necessary
 operations were performed, and, by dark, they Avere all placed on the cars at Warren  Station, and  sent to City Point.  The
 hospital Avas then broken up,  and the division returned to its old camp.  According to the regimental reports, the casualties
 on the 27th were twenty-seven killed, one hundred and forty-seven Avounded and  sixty-five missing;  total, two hundred and
 thirty-nine.   The number of Avounded admitted into the  field  hospital was ninety-nine.  October 29th, the 1st brigade
 moved out  and encamped at McCann's  Station, on  the Norfolk  railroad.    *   *  October 28th, I directed Acting Staff
 Surgeon G. W. Lovejoy to re-establish  the division hospital at the point occupied by it before our last movement.  This was
 done on the 29th and  30th, and preparations  for winter Avere commenced ; chimneys were built, a log dining house and cook
 house erected, etc.  *  *  During the  month of November tbe division remained in camp,  and as the Aveather became cold,
 the men began to build  huts;  but as there Avas no assurance  of remaining long in camp, they were often put up without much
 regularity or uniformity.   November  17th, the 1st brigade  moved to the open field about the  Westbrook house, and as it
 was thought  probable that they might remain there during the winter, an order was  issued from brigade headquarters directing
 the plan of huts, and ordering all to be erected according to the same model.  The plan  was a good one, and although it
 assigned too many men to each hut, in practice it was found that they were almost never occupied by the entire number.  Each
 hut Avas intended to accommodate six men, and Avas to be t\A-elve feet long, seven feet Avide and from five to six feet high from
 the ground to the eaves.   Digging down into the ground Avas strictly prohibited; fire-places were allowed, but no stoves
 About the middle of  December, several of the regiments of the  2d brigade Avere moved to new and  better ground, and an
 order published regulating the formation of camps, size of huts, etc.   ' The houses for the men will  be built of logs or poles,
 six feet long, set upon end, or, if sunk into the ground,  seven feet long; gable ends facing the picket lines; chimneys on left
 side, or facing the front of the camp; houses to  be covered with shelter-tents, and  four  men will occupy one house.'   In the
 3d brigade no general orders Avere  given respecting  the size of huts, which Avas  regulated by the several regimental com-
 manders.  *   *  During November, Ave had a number of men  killed  and wounded  while on picket and scout.  Some of tbese
 cases were wounded by buckshot, others by musket and pistol balls.  Twenty of the Avounded Avere received at the division
 hospital  during the month.   This hospital constantly  improved in  convenience, comfort and neatness. During the month, a
 neAV Avard was established, chimneys Avere  completed, wards were partially floored and drainage was provided  for.   Tavo
 hundred and three patients Avere admitted  during November, of whom  ninety were sent to City Point.   These  cases Avere
 chiefly fevers of severe type and chronic diarrhoea; there Avere also a few cases of pneumonia.  The regimental monthly reports
 for November exhibit a marked diminution in the number of cases of acute diarrhoea, dysentery and malarial fevers, and an
 increase in chronic diarrhoea, bronchitis, catarrh, pneumonia and tonsilitis.
       On December 1st, at an early hour in the  morning, the whole division, except a feAV detachments left on picket, moved
 out on an expedition  to  Stony Creek Station. Fifteen  ambulances  accompanied the command, but  no supply Avagons, as Ave
 expected to return the same evening.  We started from camp at four o'clock a.  m.,  and proceeded by Lee's mill to the plank
 road, doAvn AA-hich we moved about  three miles; then turning to  the right,  crossed Jones's Hole swamp, and came  to the
 Eowanty, where Ave found a party of the enemy, who were driven across before they had time to destroy the bridge.  The 3d
 brigade Avas  left here to hold the bridge, while the other two  pushed on to the railroad at Duvall's Station.  The  1st brigade
 remained here to hold the Halifax road, while the 2d brigade pushed on, and soon came in vieAv of Stony Creek Station.  *  *
 The rebel work at this point was captured, Avith one hundred and seArenty prisoners  and  two guns.  The depot and storehouses
 were burned. 'In  this affair, we had a feAV men killed and several Avounded.  The  Avounded Avere brought off in ambulances,
 with temporary dressings merely, as we at once started  on our return.  Just as we reached Duvall's Station, some rebel cavalry
 attacked the brigade which had  been left there, and several of our men were wounded in the skirmish that ensued.  *  *
 We returned on the road by which Ave came, and reached camp about nine o'clock, completely tired  out.  The Avounded were
 taken to the division hospital, and were found to be thirty-four in number.  The total number of casualties during the expedition
 was as folloAvs: Killed, four;  Avounded, thirty-eight; missing, sixteen.  Next morning, they Avere all carefully examined, and
 all necessary operations performed.  After this, Ave  remained quietly in camp until the morning of December 7th, when Ave
 again  set out on an expedition.   Rations and forage for six days  were issued,  and  I Avas directed to take along tAventy
 ambulances and one medicine  Avagon.  I made the usual detail of surgeons and attendants for a field  hospital.  We took in
 the ambulances tAvo hundred and fifty rations  of coffee, sugar  and hard bread, together Avith some blankets and tent flies.   The
 division hospital also was not disturbed, but a number of patients were ordered to  be sent next day to City Point.  The 13th
 Pennsylvania, 6th Ohio, and Battery I of the 1st U. S. Artillery, remained in camp.  A few days previously, the Fifth Corps had
 broken camp and moved to the Jerusalem plank road, and it was understood that Ave were to cooperate with them.   We marched
 by Lee's mill  and  Jerusalem plank road to Freeman's bridge on the  Nottoway river, and thence to Sussex Court-house,  Avhere
 we camped for the night alongside of CraAvford's division of the Fifth Corps.   December 8th, Ave marched at five o'clock a. m.
 by way of Cormann's well to  the Halifax road, Avhere  Ave came in sight of the railroad bridge over  the Nottoway. *  *   A
 skirmish occurred near this place, in Avhich Ave had fifteen men Avounded, several of them seriously.   They received surgical
 assistance at a temporary hospital  Avhich I established at the Chambliss house, and Avere afterward carried in the ambulances to
Jarratt's  Station, where  we encamped  for the night.   The  infantry meanwhile  had torn up the railroad as far as the latter
place.  *  *  As Ave Avere to march at an early hour next morning, the Avounded Avere not taken out of the ambulances.  *  *
December 9th, Ave  marched at five  o'clock a. m., and  proceeded along the railroad, guarding the roads Avhile the infantry
tore up the track.   At Three Creeks we  found a small force of the enemy, Avho  retired as Ave advanced, until we reached an
open plain near Bellefield, Avhere the enemy had three strong Avorks Avith ten or tAvelve guns  in position, which they used with 
198                   APPENDED DOCUMENTS—ARMY OF  THE POTOMAC,  1864.

effect, several of our men being killed and about ten wounded.   *  *  When General Warren arrived he determined not to
attack, but merely to hold our line and destroy the railroad up to this point.  This was accomplished during the evening, and
we  subsequently Avent into camp near Three Creeks.  The wounded had been sent back to  this point,  where a temporary
hospital Avas established in a neighboring house.  Here they were fed and their wounds dressed.   After dark, the rain which
had been falling during the afternoon turned to  sleet, and  the weather became very cold.  December 10th, we were up before
davlight to get everything across the river at an early hour, the expedition having been ordered to return.  The rain had now
ceased, but it Avas still cold and cloudy.  *  *  The ambulance train moved betAveen the two last brigades.   *  *  The enemy
folloAved us in rear and on the left with cavalry and artillery as far as Jarratt's Station, and during the day we had a  number
of men taken prisoners and fifteen Avounded.  *   *  At night the 2d brigade, which was in advance of the infantry, went into
camp  at  Sussex Court-house.  Thither I ordered the ambulance train, and the surgeon in charge established a temporary
hospital at a convenient house, where fires were built, supper cooked and the Avounded dressed.   *   *  December 11th, we
left  Sussex Court-house at ten o'clock A. m.  *   *  We reached our camp about ten o'clock P. m.  The Avounded Avere taken to
the  division hospital and provided for.  December 13th, they were sent to City Point.
      This expedition Avas extremely severe, especially upon the medical officers.  The Aveather at times had  been very Avet
and cold.  We seldom went into camp until after dark, sometimes not until very late. The wounded then had to be dressed
and Ave generally marched before daylight in the morning.  *  *   Notwithstanding the bad weather, but few cases of sickness
occurred during the expedition, and, on our return, only ten men Avere carried in ambulances  on this account.  During this last
night's march, hoAvever, several men had their  feet frozen.   The casualties during the expedition Avere as folloAvs:  Killed,
twelve; wounded, fifty-one ; missing, fifty-one;  total, one hundred and fourteen.  The total number of Avounded  received into
ambulances Avas thirty-seven.
      During our absence, the 13th Pennsylvania and the 6th Ohio went on a reconnoissance, during Avhich their loss Avas two
killed, eighteen Avounded and one missing.  *  *  During the rest of the month the division remained in camp, and the Avinter
quarters were completed, so that  by December 31st almost every regiment had an excellent camp."                    *
CLIII.   Extract  from a  Report  of the  Operations of the Medical  Department  during  the
      Expedition against the  Weldon Railroad, December 7 to 12, 1864.   By Assistant  Surgeon
      Charles K. Wlnne, IT.  S. Army.
      *  *  #   a ^n  expedition, composed of the Fifth  Corps, the 3d  division of the Second  Corps, four batteries, General
Gregg's Cavalry and a bridge train  of canvas boats, having been ordered to move at daylight on  December 7th, the flying
hospital, composed  of  one  medicine Avagon and  one  hospital Avagon for each brigade, with one  half of the ambulances,
accompanied the command.   All the field companions and hospital knapsacks were directed to be filled.  One hospital tent
fly to be carried in each ambulance, and the boxes to be supplied with hard bread, sugar and coffee, while the hospital wagons
carried stimulants, anodynes, dressings, blankets, hospital clothing, rations and hospital tents.  The field hospitals of the troops
about to move Avere left intact in charge of assistant surgeons, and all Avho were unable to march were sent thither.  December
7th, the troops moved, the ambulances  folloAving their respective divisions, the flying hospital with the train in rear.   The
command moved south of YcIIoav tavern, Gurley and Temple houses to Jerusalem plank road, and down this road to Hawkius-
ville,  nineteen miles from Petersburg,  where it halted until the pontoon bridge Avas thrown  across the Nottoway river, at
Freeman's Ford.  A wagon having been overturned  on the bridge, the crossing was so much retarded, that it Avas dark before
all Avere OATer, and the troops  bivouacked on the south side of the river.  A battalion of cavalry was detailed to collect  all
stragglers on the road north of the river and take them to army headquarters.  Eight  hundred and fifty were found, four
hundred and  fifty belonging to 3d division, Second Corps, four hundred to the Fifth Corps.   It had rained steadily the whole
morning, but the soil being sandy, the  march was but little retarded.  December 8th, we broke camp at three o'clock A. M.,
marched through Sussex Court-house and Corman's well, to the North Cross house, on Halifax road, thirty miles from Petersburg,
Avhere the pontoon and other trains Avere parked.  The weather, clear at starting, changed and became colder, with high  wind
at night, and heavy frost.  The ambulances had been comparatively free during the day, many men requiring only  a short rest
to enable them to resume the march, and the  remainder being returned to  their  respective commands on going into camp.
During  the night the troops Avere engaged in tearing up the railroad and destroying the road as far as practicable.  December
9th, the troops Avere engaged all  day destroying the railroad, the cavalry going as  far  as Bellefield, opposite Hicksford, on
Meherrin river, found the bridge at that point protected by seven or eight guns, supported by infantry in field works, and it was
not deemed advisable to attempt to force a passage.   Here a short engagement occurred with some loss in the cavalry. It was
very cold all day, Avith rain and sleet at night.  Many of the men became intoxicated on  apple Avhiskey, found in nearly all the
houses on the road.  December 10th, the return march commenced, Avith the Avagon train  in  advance, guarded by the 1st
diAdsion, and the ambulances in advance of their respective divisions, two only following in the rear of each.  The cavalry, Avith
the exception of  one brigade, returned to Sussex Court-house by the road Ave marched  out, the infantry marched by another
road.   It Avas tha-,ving, and the roads Avere very heavy during the day.   We bivouacked a mile south of Sussex Court-house.
The 3d division bringing up the rear, was attacked twice by rebel cavalry, and formed in line; two men received flesh wounds.
I visited the  cavalry hospital at Sussex Court-house  on the 11th and  learned that forty men had been wounded  since the
expedition started.  We reached NottoAvay river about noon, the troops all crossed before dark and camped along the Jerusalem
plank road from  HaAvkhisville to the  Belcher house.  December 12th,  the  march Avas resumed and troops went into camp
betAveen Halifax  and Jerusalem plank road by five o'clock P. M.  During the expedition, the  troops were exposed to great
vicissitudes of Aveather and endured great fatigue and hardship.  Tavo fractures were treated at the flying hospital, one received
in tearing up the road, the other in felling timber."      *       *       * 
                      REPORT OF  ASSISTANT  SURGEON  J.  S.  BILLINGS, U.  S.  A.                 199

 CLIY.   Report on the  Treatment of Diseases  and Injuries in the Army of the Potomac during
      1864.   By Assistant Surgeon J.  S. Billings, II. S. Army.

      Sir : In accordance Avith your instructions  I have the honor to submit  the following report of my observations upon
 the treatment adopted  by the medical  officers of  the  army  of the  Potomac for the various diseases and injuries occurring
 among the troops during the spring and summer of  1864.   In  the majority of instances,  and especially in the case of the
 wounded, the patients have been sent to depot hospitals in the rear, within forty-eight hours after their entrance into the field
 hospitals.  The primary treatment of the sick and wounded  has  been furnished- almost exclusively in the  division hospitals,
 the regimental medical  officers having been able to  do but little for the serious cases.   The organization of the medical  staff of
 these hospitals has been essentially that prescribed by Dr. Letterman, viz.:   One surgeon in charge of the hospital, three operating
 surgeons, each with two or three assistants, one  medical  officer  to provide food and shelter, and one to act as  recorder, the
 last-named officer being usually assisted by the chaplains and by one or tAvo hospital steAvards.   The surgeons-in-chief of divisions
 have usually made their headquarters at their field hospitals,  and  have thus, in part, performed the duty of the surgeon-in-chief
 of the hospital.   The corps of the army have almost always  acted  as units in  the several battles, and the division hospitals
 of each corps have therefore been placed together, forming  a sort of corps hospital, the location of Avhich has  usually been
 selected by the corps medical director and chief ambulance officer; thus removing one of the principal motives Avhich formerly
 impelled the surgeon-in-chief of division to remain at headquarters and  ascertain  the  position of the line of  battle of the
 division, in order that he might place his hospital properly. OAving to  the rapid  and extensive movements  of the army,
 necessitating prompt action in the disposal of the Avounded, it Avas necessary that the corps medical directors should be able to
 find the surgeons-in-chief of divisions at any moment, Avhich Avas best effected by having them all stationed at the point where the
 work was to be done, viz., the hospital.   The presence of the surgeons-in-chief of divisions at their hospitals has undoubtedly been
 of great benefit to these institutions; but, on the other  hand,  there has been too little supervision of the medical officers at the
 advance depots near the line of battle, and complaints that no medical officer could  be found near the front Avhen an engage-
 ment was going on haA^e been frequent, and in some cases Avell founded.  The operating surgeons have been in most cases the
 surgeons-in-chief of brigades, which is equivalent  to saying  that  they have been the medical officers who have been longest in
 the service, and, as  a general rule, have had the most practical experience. The habitual absence of the surgeons-in-chief of
 brigades from the front has probably had more to do Avith the Avant of system complained of and has been of greater detriment
 than the absence of surgeons-in-chief of divisions.   During an engagement each division hospital is a general hospital, receiving
 wounded from all divisions and corps if necessary. The medical officers sent to the front with their regiments formed brigade depots
 in the Fifth and Sixth Corps, in the Second Corps they usually followed their regiments.  In the Ninth Corps they were ordered
 by the corps medical director to remain within three hundred yards of tbe line of battle at all times, each being behind his own
 regiment, a position in which they were about as useless as they well could be.   The best and most complete system in all its
 parts Avas that adopted  by Surgeon J. J. Milhau, U. S.  A., medical director of the Fifth Corps.  He proceeded on the principle
 that a medical officer is a general staff officer and  a regimental officer only in name.  The medical officers were collected in
 groups behind each division, as near the front as an ambulance could be brought, and tAvo or three ambulances stood close by
 ready to move.   This was called the ambulance  picket.   Each medical officer had a pocket case and  a hospital  knapsack, or
 field companion.  The position was protected from musketry  fire,  either by the nature of the  ground, or by a small breastAvork
 of logs and earth, thick enough to stop a rifle ball, and a small hospital flag was planted on the top.  Further to the rear, in a
 position as secure as possible from shell and musketry, was the ambulance picket reserve, where eight or  ten ambulances were
 kept in readiness.  A medicine wagon was also on  the spot when no engagement was going on or imminent.   When one ambu-
 lance came in loaded, another passed out from the picket reserve to  take its place.   During a battle all the ambulances of the corps
 were at the reserve, with the exception of those on picket, or moving to the hospitals with  wounded.  In this  Avay but few
 ambulances were under fire at any one time, and yet they were  always  ready.   The labor  of  receiving,  collecting and
 transporting wounded from the front to the ambulance picket was  performed by the stretcher-bearers, under the direction of the
 officers of the ambulance corps.  When no  active operations were going on, a regular sick call Avas held  daily at the advance
 depots, and all wounded and seriously sick were sent back at once  to the division hospitals, temporary dressings having first been
 applied to their wounds.  Very little prescribing was done.  If the case required any treatment beyond a cathartic, or an opium or
 quinine pill, it was usually sent at once to hospital.  During  a march many cases of sunstroke come  under the  hands of the
 regimental surgeons.  I have seen about forty cases of different grades of severity, from slight dizziness, with inability to walk
 straight, to violent epileptiform convulsions and almost immediate death.  The treatment usually adopted has been to carry
 the patient into the shade, loosen the clothing about the upper  part of the body,  saturate  the head Avith cold water, and
 administer a small drink of whisky.  In some cases a piece of lint, saturated with chloroform, Avas placed on the epigastrium,
 producing rapid and severe counter irritation.  I have seen excellent results in three cases from the administration of a drachm
 of aromatic spirits of  ammonia.  Cases of heat  apoplexy have  also occurred during marches  made on hot  sultry summer
 nights; for example, that made by the Second Corps to Deep Bottom on the 27th of July.  The principal diseases have been
 miasmatic in character, boAvel affections being especially prevalent, which  presented a marked remittent  type, and  yielded
 readily to anti-periodics.  A scorbutic element, complicating other diseases, was first noticed  at Cool Arbor.   The first decided
 case of scurvy I saw, was on the 14th of June.  The sufferer was a  captain in the Ninth Corps.  His  gums were spongy and
 bleeding slightly; he had been sick one week.   After the army crossed the  James, a number of well marked cases occurred,
 and many other  patients showed more or less  decided symptoms.   The  medical officers have been prompt to recognize this
trouble,  and have treated it Avith as good diet as  was obtainable, whisky, iron and quinine,  and the  chlorate of potash have
also been favorite remedies.  I recommended the use of small doses of permanganate of potash  in two or three cases, but do
not know the results.  Typhoid and typho-malarial fevers have been constantly present since the 1st  of June.  Well marked
cases of typho-malarial fever Avere first observed at Cool Arbor, at the same time as the scorbutic taint mentioned above.  In
these fevers, so  far as  I have been  able to ascertain, the malarial element is always predominant at the commencement, the 
200
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY  OF THE  POTOMAC,  1864.
typhoid element making its appearance on the fifth or sixth day, and gradually becoming more prominent.  Much uncertainty
and difference of opinion exists among the medical officers as to the diagnosis betAveen typhoid and typho-malarial fevers and
the statistics of these tAvo diseases, as shoAvn by the monthly reports of sick  and Avounded, Avill be of little or no value  in
determining the relative frequency or mortality of each.  The treatment adopted is nearly alike  for the two diseases, and has
been usually expectant, nutritious diet and stimulants being given freely.  Typho-malarial fever is very often diagnosed  as
remittent fever in its commencement, and is treated as such Avith ten-grain doses of quinine, early in the mornin«, the usual time
of remission.
      The character of  the surgery performed  in  the field hospitals during the campaign has  been unprecedently  good
The  majority of cases have been  properly dressed,  and operated on, before being sent to the  rear, and, for  this reason the
number of primary operations has been very great.   The great majority of wounds have been caused by the conoidal balp but
feAV AA'ounds from grape  or canister having been observed.  The treatment of flesh wounds has  been simple and uniform
consisting of a small piece of wet lint placed on the Avound, or wounds, and  retained in position by a turn of bandage, or slip
of plaster.  The common adhesive plaster  has been less frequently used than in former campaigns, partly because means of
heat are necessary to apply it properly, and partly because it  is thought to be someAvhat irritating to the skin, and liable  to
produce erythematous inflammation.   Gelatine plaster has been more largely used, and, in many  cases,  Avhere formerly a
bandage Avould have been  applied, its cleanliness, ease of application, and the facilities it affords for examining or redressing
the part being the principal arguments in its favor.
      The anaesthetic commonly used has been a mixture of ether and chloroform, in the proportion of one part of the latter to
two of the former.  Pure chloroform has been much  used hoAvever, and several deaths have occurred from its effects.   *  *
      In gunshot fractures of the cranial bones, the general practice has been to  remove  the fragments of bone Avhich are
depressed, the bone gouge forceps being used to  cut away enough of the sound bone, Avhen necessary, to permit of the intro-
duction of an elevator.  I know of but four cases in which the trephine has been  applied, and in none of them was its use
necessary.  I have observed, thirty-one  cases in which the frontal bone was penetrated, seven of whom died Avithin forty-eight
hours.   In two of them the ball was removed from the frontal  sinus, the posterior wall of Avhich did not appear to have been
penetrated.  But five cases  of penetration of the occipital bone have come under my notice, two of which proved fatal within forty-
eight hours.  Medical officers generally agree that Avounds of the posterior part of  the cranium are more immediately fatal than
those of the anterior part, and my OAvn experience at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg is to the same effect.  Stupor, delirium
and convulsions appear earlier in the former class of cases.  May this not be due  in part to the  fact that the great sinuses, by
which the blood is conveyed from the brain, are more  likely to be interfered with in a fracture of the  occipital  bone?  Of four
hundred and thirty-four  cases of penetrating wounds of the cranium, there Avere  one hundred  and fifty-nine  deaths in field
hospitals,  as shown by the  classified returns, being thirty-nine per centum of deaths.  This includes, however, the moribund
cases, who died on the Avay to, or immediately after entering the  hospital, and did not become subjects of treatment.  Of eighty-
six cases taken consecutively from the nominal lists,  tAventy-eight  died in the field  hospitals, being thirty-three per centum, six
of the  remainder died in the depot hospitals, and ten in northern hospitals, making the total known percentage of deaths  to
be fifty-one.
      In  gunshot injuries of the facial bones, it has appeared to me that the  majority of surgeons were too much disposed  to
remove all fragments, forgetting  the superior vitality  of these  bones.   *  *   I have  seen three cases  in Avhich the Avhole  of
one side of the lower jaAV has been disarticulated and removed, an operation Avhich, as a primary  one at least, can hardly
ever be required in my opinion.
      Penetrating Avounds  of the thorax have been, in most cases, treated like simple flesh wounds, with the  exception that
the lint is often applied dry to close the wound.  A small number of cases have been hermetically sealed with collodion, by the
process of Assistant Surgeon  HoAvard, U. S. A.  This mode  of treatment is regarded with disfavor by tbe majority of the
medical officers of this army.  Those belonging to the  3d division, Second Corps, however, have adopted the method, and have
practiced  it in a number of cases.  I  have seen two cases thus treated, and I  consider  it valuable when there is profuse
haemorrhage and great dyspnoea, as a primary and temporary mode of treatment.   In such cases the immediate  relief it affords
is marked; quiet, tranquil respiration follows, and the grave symptoms are rapidly ameliorated.   The benefit gained, however,
ceases entirely when the  process of suppuration has set in, a process which this mode of treatment does  not at all prevent.
      After the battle of Gettysburg, six cases, in Avhich the hermetically sealing process had been practiced by Dr. Howard,
were left in the hospital of the 2d division of the Fifth Corps,  of which I was at that time surgeon-in-charge.  An assistant
surgeon was left by Dr.  HoAvard to take charge of these cases, and carry out his  peculiar mode of treatment, and a written
order was given by Dr. Letterman, that these cases should not be interfered Avith.   All of these men died Avithin eighteen days.
On two of them I had autopsies made, which revealed  empyema and pleuro pneumonia. In neither case had the sealed wounds
healed.  In one case a fragment of woollen  shirt  lay in the  cavity of the chest.  The results of this mode of treatment cannot
be obtained in the field hospitals; and Avhen the  cases  get to the rear,  I think most surgeons remove the hermetical dressings,
Avhen suppuration sets in, and allow the pus to escape by its natural outlet. Of the operation of tapping for empyema, proposed
by Dr. HoAvard in these cases, I know of but one instance, and that proved fatal.   While the hermetical closure of the Avound
has good effects at first, as I have before stated, yet that part of the process  which consists  in paring the edges of the wound,
merely inflicts useless pain  on the patient.  Practically, a little  dry lint applied to the wround soon  forms a hermetical closure,
and ansAvers every purpose, especially,  if, as in most cases,  the  haemorrhage is but slight.   * *  Of eight  hundred and fifty-
eight cases of  penetrating Avounds of the thorax,  as reported by the classified returns, two hundred and ninety-five died in the
field hospitals, being a mortality of thirty-four per centum.  This percentage, like that of Avounds of the cranium, is erroneous,
and for the same reason.  Of two hundred  and  seventeen cases taken consecutively from the nominal lists, fifty-four died in
field hospitals, making the mortality tAventy-five per centum.  Eight of the remaining cases died at the depot hospitals, and ten
in northern hospitals, making the total known mortality to be thirty-three per centum.
      Of  six hundred and  fifty-four cases of penetrating Avounds of the abdomen,  reported by classified returns, three hundred 
REPORT  OF  ASSISTANT  SURGEON  J.  S.  BILLINGS,  U.  S.  A.
201
and twenty-six died in field hospitals, making a mortality of fifty-five per centum.  The number of deaths from this form of
injury has been  thirty-four per centum of the Avhole number of deaths in field hospitals.  The treatment has  consisted in
returning the viscera, if protruded, and applying simple dressings.  In these cases, I have seen the wound hermetically sealed
with collodion, and I Avould recommend the practice.  When  the  protrusion consists  of a small knuckle of omentum only,
some medical officers prefer to leave it in situ to act as a natural plug for the Avound.
      The mode of treatment adopted in gunshot fractures of the long bones has varied someAvhat with different surgeons, but
the general practice has been either to amputate at once, or to remain content with removing such fragments as Avere completely
separated, and then to apply splints.   Formal resections of portions of the shafts of long bones have seldom  been performed,
and the larger number of operating surgeons condemn such operations as  dangerous  and useless.  The tendency to operative
interference in such cases has, hoAvever, in my opinion, been too great.  I do not,  mean that amputation  has been too  much
resorted to.  Indeed the error in this  respect has certainly been in the opposite direction, viz.:  attempting to preserve  limbs
which should properly have been  removed; but Avium it has been  decided to preserve  the limb, too much stress has, in  many
cases, been laid on the necessity of the careful  removal of every  splinter  or fragment  of bone, even  if not displaced and still
firmly attached to the periosteum.   This has often required long incisions and much disturbance of the soft parts.  I have seen
number of these  operations performed.  The  instruments used Avere generally the bone gouge  and sequestrum forceps; and
strength, instead of skill, seemed to be the  chief requisite.
      When a conoidal ball passes through a long bone, the tibia for instance, in its middle third, there will usually be from tAvo
to four large fragments, and from three to six smaller ones.   Two of the large fragments will, generally, be but slightly displaced;
they Avill, in fact, rather be fissured  than broken off, and one extremity  will be held  in close apposition to the unfractured
bone by  periosteum, and  ligamentous expansions of the origin  of muscular  fibres or attachment of intermuscular fascia.
These large fragments should not  be disturbed.  They will not usually lose their  vitality, and  they  will act as centres for the
effusion of neAV bony material.  The  smaller fragments,  Avhich are usually derived from that part  of the bone receiving the
impact of the ball, will  be entirely separated and much displaced, often lying across  the axis of the limb, and these are the
fragments which should be removed.  An  incision of tAvo  inches in length will be sufficient for this purpose, and a pair of
dressing forceps will afford sufficient power.  The argument usually used by those surgeons who remove all the fragments is, that
they leave the periosteum, and that this Avill produce new bone. But Avhy  force the periosteum to reproduce that Avhich, if left,
 it could much more easily nourish?   It is proper to  mention in this  place a method of treating these fractures, introduced by
Assistant Surgeon Howard, U. S.  A., of Avhich I have seen two or three  cases.  This consists  in fastening the broken ends
together by means of silver Avire passed through  holes made in the bone with a drill, all fragments haA'ing first been removed
In the majority of cases the rough ends are to be sawed off in such a manner that the plane of the section may be at an angle
of forty-five degrees to the axis of the bone.   Tavo or three wires are  then  passed through, perpendicular to the axis of the
bone, and made fast.  The possible good to be derived from this operation  is tAvofold,  according to Dr. HoAvard's vieAvs:  First,
the securing immobility of the fractured bone; second, the irritation of the wires causing bone material to be thrown out.  The
immobility obtained may, in most instances, be nearly perfect, if the operation be properly performed.  The disadvantages are
 simply the dangers arising from a formal resection in continuity of  the shaft of a long bone.
      *  *  I have seen  two  cases  treated in  this manner:  one of fracture of the  humerus, the other of the femur;  death
occurred in the latter case.  I do not consider the operation as one  to be recommended, nor is it  generally approved  of by
 medical officers.
       Three forms of splints for fracture of the femur have been used: First, the long straight splint, made from a piece of board
or fence paling;  second, Smith's anterior splint,  the suspension being effected from the  top of the ambulance, Avhen the patient
was sent to depot hospital; third, the double inclined plane, made of pieces of a hard-bread box, or of Smith's anterior splint,
placed posteriorly.  The method mostly preferred is  the long straight splint, the  uninjured limb being used  as  a secondary
splint on tbe opposite side.  I have seen tAvo cases in Avhich straAV  splints, and two  in Avhich splints made of small pine boughs
bound into a kind of fascine by a roll of bandage,  were used.  These were easily adapted to the limb, and were very comfortable.
I have also seen  some exceedingly  ingenious splints, for fractures of the upper extremity, made from small boughs.
      Of six hundred and sixty-eight fractures of the femur reported  by the classified returns, one hundred and ninety-two
were of the upper, two hundred and forty-two of the middle, and two hundred and twenty-four of the lower third; seventy-seven
of these died in field hospitals, being a mortality of twelve per centum. Amputation was performed in three hundred and thirty-
seven cases, or rather more than half of the  whole number.  This proportion of amputations is, hoAvever, incorrect, because
many amputations of the loAver third of the thigh, for Avounds of the knee joint, are  included in it.  Of one hundred and eighty.
four cases taken consecutively from the nominal lists, eighty-one were of the right femur,  seventy-nine of the left, and twenty-four
not specified.  Amputation was performed  in eighty-one cases, or forty-four per centum, Avhich is about the correct proportion.
The number of deaths in field hospital  was tAventy-one, or twelve per centum, the same as that given above.  Five of the remainder
are knoAvn to have  died in depot hospital and nineteen in northern hospitals, making the total  knoAvn mortality to be twenty-
four per centum.
      In cases of penetrating wounds of the joints,  the practice has varied greatly with different surgeons.  For instance, in
penetrating Avounds of the knee joint, amputation is performed in every case in  some  hospitals; in others, it is only performed
where there is fracture of the bony structures.  The  figures given by the classified returns are valueless as regards this form
of injury.  Thus, of five  hundred  and thirty-two cases reported by them, amputation  is mentioned as  performed in  seventy
cases only, with five deaths in field  hospital.  Of one hundred and six cases taken consecutively from the nominal lists, forty-one
were amputated.   The cause of these errors in the classified returns is given in part in the remarks on amputation of the thigh.
It  is probable that primary amputation has been performed in about one-half of the  cases of injury of the knee joint.  The
operation is  usually performed at  the junction of the middle  and  loAver thirds of the  thigh,  through the  medullary cavity, a
method Avhich is, in my opinion, faulty.  The section can almost always be made below the termination of the medullary canal.
The advantages gained by this method need  hardly be specified.   Amputation through the knee joint has very seldom been
practiced.  I  know of but four cases, in two of which it was performed by Assistant Surgeon George M. McGill, U. S. A.
        26 
2()2                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY OF  THE POTOMAC, 1865.

      Even in eases of Avounds of the upper portion of the tibia, amputation is usually performed through the loAver third of the
femur.  The mode of operation used by Dr. McGill Avas as folloAVs: The anterior flap contained the patella;  the posterior tlim
Avas long, and made by cutting from Avithout inward.  The cartilage and synovial membrane were not disturbed.  In one case
the ball Avas found slightly imbedded  in the external condyle, having entered from the joint aspect.  It Avas removed by an
elevator, and its bed scooped out.  In  this case union took place very rapidly, and Avhen the man was sent away from the army
he Avas apparently well.  After reaching a northern hospital, sloughing phagedsena attacked the stump.  A second amputation
Avas performed at the loAver third of femur, and death soon followed.
      A number of cases of excision of the shoulder and elbow joints have come under my observation.  The cases have almost
all been well selected, and  the operations skilfully performed.  The straight incision over the anterior portion of the joint has
been the method generally used for the shoulder.  *  *
      I know of but three cases in Avhich excision of the hip joint Avas performed.  Two of the patients died within four days.
The third case, I have been  unable to  trace.   *   *   The  method of amputation almost  universally  preferred is either the
circular, or very short skin flaps, Avith a circular cut through the muscles.
      A very large number of Avounds of the palm of the hand and of the fingers have been observed.   In many of them the
skin  Avas blackened  with poAvder,  and the injury was probably  self  inflicted.   The usual  cause alleged  is the accidental
discharge of their OAvn or a comrade's  musket.  Amputation of the injured fingers, in such cases, has been usually performed
without the use of an anaesthetic.
      Of wounds of large arteries, there have been between ten and twenty cases.  Two cases of ligation of the femoral have
been seen by me, both Avere doing well Avhen sent to the rear.
      The Nelaton probe has been used freely by many surgeons, and I have seen several cases in Avhich it proved of the
greatest service in detecting  the  presence of a ball  embedded in  bone.  I have also seen two  cases  in which a lead pencil,
having an ivory head, was used for the same purpose, and with perfect success.  I consider the probe as a valuable addition to
the surgical armamentarium, and Avould respectfully recommend that one be added  to every pocket case.   The instruments
furnished to surgeons have usually been of excellent quality, and have been kept in good order.   In the bustle and  confusion
around an operating table, it often happens that surgical needles get mislaid and lost, and I would respectfully suggest that an
extra supply of needles should be among the  stores kept for issue  by the medical  purveyor.  All these needles should be
triangular, and the greater number of  them straight.
      The nominal lists of wounded contain undoubtedly many errors of diagnosis, and are  often very incomplete;  but when
the circumstances under wliich they are  made out are taken into consideration, the wonder will be that they are as perfect as
they are.   From  five hundred  to one thousand Avounded men are often brought into a division hospital, Avithin  four or six
hours.  They come in from all sides and select, often, their own places if they are slightly Avounded, preferring to pitch their
OAvn shelter tents on  the outskirts of the hospital.   Had the recorder all the data  before him, he could not make out nominal
lists for more than six hundred per day; but he is expected to examine each case, and often to wait until dressings are removed.
Of course, he must usually take the  statements of the patients themselves;  the chaplains and  hospital stewards Avho assist
ahvays do this.  In  some hospitals  each patient, as soon as recorded, is marked with a small strip of bandage tied into his
button hole, that none may be counted twice.  The column in the blank nominal lists marked " Nature of Injury," is differently
filled out by different  surgeons, some simply use  the terms "slight" and "severe" to describe  all wounds, whether flesh or
fractures, penetrating or parietal; and thus, when the classified return is made up, a severe flesh  wound of the thigh will often
be set down as  a fracture.  The most complete nominal lists furnished have been from the 4th division hospital, Fifth Corps;
the most incomplete from the 1st division, Fifth Corps, and from the Cavalry Corps.  The  greatest amount of suffering to the
wounded has occurred, necessarily, during their transit from the field to the depot hospital.   Army wagons have, necessarily,
been much used, and the distance travelled has usually been ten and tAventy miles, the patients on several occasions remaining
from  tAventy-four  to  forty-eight hours in the Avagons.  The field  hospitals have, at all times,  had ample supplies, with  the
exception, in some instances,  of bedding and hospital clothing.  After the army crossed the James river these hospitals became
much more permanent, and their comfort was, of course, largely increased.  My personal observations among the field hospitals
ceased after the 1st of July,  after Avhich time  I Avas confined to my tent by illness.   I have  notes, more or less  complete, of
about one hundred cases of factures, etc., but they present no points of very special  interest;  the general result of the whole I
have  embodied in my report.  Want of time during the active  part of the  campaign, to make  any extended  professional
observations must be my excuse for the incompleteness of this report.
                                      Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                    JOHN S.  BILLINGS, Assistant Surgeon,  U. S. A.
   Surgeon Thos. A- McPaklin, U. S. A., Medical Director,
GIN.    Report of the Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac, from  January 1, 1865,
      to the  Close  of  the War.   By Surgeon Thomas A. McPaklin, U. S. Army.
                                                                209, G Street, Washington, D. C, August 21, 1865.
      General: In January this army was composed of the Second, Fifth, Sixth and Ninth Corps, the Second Cavalry Division,
the Artillery Reserve, the  Provost Marshal General's Brigade, the Engineer Brigade and the Signal Corps.  The troops were
comfortably quartered for the season, so far as compatible with their duties and position in the line of Avorks investing Petersburg
and confronting the army of Northern Virginia.  No  important movement occurred during the month of January.  During
December, 1864, the supply  of fresh  vegetables ceased.  This deprivation continued so long that, in  March, the subject was
brought to the attention of  the commanding general.  On April 29th, the medical inspector of  the  Second Corps officially
reported the supply of vegetables to be inadequate to preserve a proper standard of health in the command, citing the prevalence
of diarrhoea of an obstinate and exhausting character as  attributable to this  circumstance.  It  should be remarked that the 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  McPARLIN.
203
deficiency of fresh vegetables Avas attributed by the subsistence department to want of transportation.   On the 13th of January,
it Avas recommended that cooking by companies be enforced and attention re-invited to  existing orders requiring it (General
Orders No. 52, Headquarters Army of the Potomac, May 15, 1863).  On the 24th of January the rebel fleet came  down from
Richmond to the loAver end of Dutch Gap Canal, but after suffering the loss of one of its vessels, exploded by a shell from our
batteries on the right bank of the James river, the fleet steamed back.   I had taken measures from the original occupancy of
the depot to have the supplies of the medical purveyor kept afloat and ready for  movement should any contingency require it.
Preparations for a military operation Avere made early in  February, and it  became necessary to clear the field hospitals and
commands of all  Avho Avere unable to participate in it.   Over tAvo thousand Avere  sent doAvn to the' depot hospital in thirty-six
hours, chiefly at night, the railroad conducting its ordinary business in the meantime.  On the 5th of February, the movement
to Dabney's mills and Hatcher's Run began.  The 2d  cavalry dh ision moving by Reams's Station and Rowanty Creek, made
a demonstration toward Dimviddie Court-house,  returning by RoAvanty and the Boydtown and Vaughan roads, to guard the
extreme left of our line, Avhich had been advanced by the  Second Corps and extended by the Fifth  Corps, which  cooperated
on the left of  the Second.  Two divisions of the Sixth Corps were in reserve and ready to support Avhen required.  I have no
data by Avhich to detail the operations Avhich folloAved,  and will briefly state that  the Second and Fifth Corps were attacked by
the enemy; that the Fifth lost some of the ground over which it had advanced, but that  a permanent position in advance Avas
maintained and the lines extended tAvo or three miles to the left.  Roads Avere corduroyed and the railroad extended corres-
pondingly to the left.  The Avounded Avere not very far from their established division hospitals, and after receiving necessary
surgical attention Avere sent from Patrick Station, very promptly, by rail  to City Point.  The following number of Avounded were
admitted to field hospital,  and afterAvard sent to depot hospital  from this movement, betAveen February 5th and 9th: Admitted
to corps hospitals: Second Corps, eighty;  Fifth Corps, six hundred and eighty-one; Sixth Corps, ten;  2d division of cavalry,
seventy-seven; total, eight hundred and forty-eight.   Admitted to depot hospital at City Point, eight hundred and twenty-eight.
In March orders Avere issued requiring the division hospitals to be kept clear of sick and wounded Avho  Avould be in the way
in case of any sudden  movement.  On my application hospital cars Avere placed on the military railroad, greatly improving the
mode of transporting sick and Avounded to City Point.  In view of the importance and  magnitude of the approaching opera-
tions, and of possible cooperative  moA-ements by other  armies, the attention  of  the  commanding general was  invited  in
February to  the propriety  of  having a  reserve train of ambulances  kept by the quartermaster's department from  which
deficiencies in the corps trains might  be promptly filled, and subject to my order whenever emergency might demand.  The
application did not receive favorable action.  A material reduction Avas unexpectedly announced, at this time, in the number of
army wagons authorized for the medical and hospital department.   Much property was therefore turned in before the campaign
commenced, but it became necessary afterAvard to throw out and abandon many articles, as the rains of March 29th and 30th
made tbe roads for a time impassable for  heavily laden Avagons.  The proper subsistence of officers and their servants  in field
hospitals and the best mode  of avoiding possible abuses, had attracted  my attention, and  some  diversity of management was
tolerated for a few months in order to arrive at a correct system.  I became convinced, finally, that no charges should be made
against Avounded officers, and that their admission and continuance in field hospitals should be encouraged.  At the  same time
they should be required to furnish a ration, which recent legislation and orders had authorized and facilitated.  The  circular  of
March 24th Avas therefore issued.  In March  I caused the regimental surgeons and assistant surgeons, on duty in the depot
hospitals at City Point, to be returned to their regiments in the field, replacing them by contract physicians who were sent to
me by the Surgeon General.  Although all able-bodied  soldiers, detailed as attendants at the depot hospital, had been replaced
by musicians, their commanders still made frequent applications for the  relief of  their detailed bandsmen, drummers, buglers,
etc.  It became therefore  desirable to have the services of hired nurses or of numbers of the veteran reserve corps for  duty in
the hospital.  After consultation with the  assistant adjutant general, the subject was brought to  the attention of the Surgeon
General,  but reliable contract nurses were difficult to obtain and the great demand upon the veteran reserve corps for nurses,
cooks, etc., for general hospitals, precluded any detail for the depot hospitals at City Point.  Had a hospital corps been properly
organized during the Avar, I am persuaded that  good material would have been attracted to it and the public service would have
been greatly benefitted thereby.   The sick and wounded need seldom have passed out of the hands of the medical department
until they reached the  depot of the army again, and many thousands who entered the convalescent camps and rendezvouses to  be
detained, and in many cases lost to the fighting force, could have been, to a great extent, directly returned to their  commands
for duty.   March 25th, at half past four A. m. , the enemy assaulted the front of the Ninth Corps in force, moving in three columns,
one sweeping to the left toward battery 9, and one to the right on Fort Haskell, while the Third moved forward  directly toward
Fort Steadman.  Assistant  Surgeon S. Adams, in  the appended report, describes the  operation of the medical department
during this affair.  At the same time the enemy attacked the front of the Second Corps,  but was repulsed.  The Second Corps
had four hundred and  forty-four wounded who  Avere attended to and forwarded to depot hospital at City Point  by noon of the
following day.  After  the disaster sustained by the enemy in  the Fort  Steadman  affair, comparative quiet was obtained for a
brief period.  But after three days of preparation, during which three divisions from the army of the James were brought over
to cooperate and the  2d  division of cavalry was detached to report to General Sheridan, the  grand campaign of 1865 was
inaugurated.
      The  operations of  the medical department of the cavalry from January 1st to the 28th of March, are described in the
accompanying report  of the surgeon-in-chief,  Assistant Surgeon E. J. Marsh, U. S. A.  The positions of the several corps on
the 29th of March were as follows extending westward from the Appomattox:  The Ninth Corps; the Sixth Corps; the two newly
joined divisions of the Eighteenth Corps,  and the 1st division of the Twenty-fourth Corps, from the army of the James;  the
Second Corps and  the Fifth Corps.  The cavalry under General Sheridan was operating near  Dinwiddle Court-house on the
extreme left.  The depot hospital at City Point was accessible  by railroad from as far westward as Humphrey's Station, near
the Second  and Fifth Corps camps and field hospitals, and  convenient, by intermediate stations, with  all the other corps.  The
medical purveying  depot maintained a constant battle-field supply in thirty-six wagons at the front, which parked and advanced
with the geneial headquarter train.   The subjoined memorandum of dates and occurrences, as an outline of the campaign, may 
 204                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC,  1865.

 be referred to in connection Avith the accompanying detailed descriptions and reports.   March 29th, Fifth Corps engaged on the
 Quaker road.   March 30th, Fifth Corps engaged on the White Oak road.  Second  Corps advancing, shortens and straightens
 its line.  General  Sheridan's cavalry engage the  enemy near Dinwiddie Court-house.  March  31st, Fifth Corps and Miles's
 division of the Second Corps engaged the enemy in the afternoon.  In the morning it rained very heavily.  April 1st, the cavalry
 of General  Sheridan and Fifth Corps detached  from the  army of the Potomac, defeat the enemy at Five Forks.   April "'d
 general assault  before daylight on the enemy's lines and works defending Petersburg.  The Sixth and Ninth Corps break th ■
 lines, driving the  enemy and making Petersburg untenable.  Petersburg and Richmond evacuated April 3d.  Pursuit <>f th
 army of  Northern Virginia retreating toAvard Danville.  April 4th, pursuit of  army of Northern Virginia continued.  April
 5th, pursuit continued.  At Jetersville, the cavalry had a slight affair, holding the enemy.  The Second Corps come up an 1
 take position for attack.  The enemy withdraw in the night.  April  6th, battle of Sailors' Creek, in Avhich the cavalry and th
 Sixth Corps were engaged, resulting in the surrender of EAvell and other Confederate generals with several thousand prisoners
 April 7th, pursuit and skirmishes with the enemy toAvard High Bridge, Farmville and beyond.  April 8th, the enemy retreatinc
 toAvard Lynchburg on the road  from Farmville toAvard Appomattox Court-house,  is checked in front  on the 9th of April bv
 the divisions of the army of the James, under General Ord,  the  Fifth Corps under General Griffin, and the cavalry  the Avhole
 under command of General Sheridan.  General Meade having the Second  and Sixth  Corps massed, and pressing against the
 enemy's rear for attack, received a request for cessation of  hostilities with  a view to  surrender.  Terms of surrender of the
 army of Northern Virginia to General Grant Avere arranged and announced in the afternoon.
       The reports of the medical directors of the Second and Fifth Corps, and of the  medical inspectors of the Second Fifth
 and Ninth Corps,  of the ambulance officer of the Second Corps,  and  of  the inspector at  army headquarters, describe in so full
 and interesting a manner the operations of the medical department  during the campaign  that it is  unnecessary for  me to do
 more than to refer to these papers which are appended.  After the capture of Petersburg the chief medical officer of the depot
 hospital was ordered to push forAvard to the most advanced depot of the army, to which railroad facilities were extended, a sub-
 depot field hospital to receive and care for wounded until they could be transported to City Point.  For this purpose a train
 Avas ordered on  the 3d, and started on the 7th of April Avith twenty-five medical officers, two hundred hospital tent flies, together
 with dressings and food for four  days for twenty-five  hundred Avounded.  Three  hospital steAvards and one hundred detailed
 men accompanied the train, taking axes, spades, cooking utensils and necessary articles  for organizing a movable depot hospital
 designed more especially to afford temporary food, shelter, medical supplies and attendance for the wounded.   It was my design
 to have this advance hospital move along the railroad with the general depot at the front,  but the brevity and decisive  character
 of the campaign made it unnecessary to carry it beyond Burke's  Station, where it was discontinued April  30th, after an existence
 of eighteen days.   The chief medical officer at City Point  had been instructed, March 28th,  to be prepared to expand his
 hospitals to the  utmost capacity at short notice, to send off in hospital transports as many of the cases as Avere proper for general
 hospital, and, upon the contingency of a great battle, to telegraph to the Surgeon General  for additional facilities for transportation.
 The Avounded of the Second and Fifth Corps during the extension  of our lines to the left, March 29th, 30th and 31st,  numbered
 fifteen hundred and fifty-five; they Avere received on the field  at Spain's house, Quaker church, the "Chimneys" and the division
 hospitals near the Cumming's house.  The regular division hospitals of  the Sixth and Ninth Corps were not moved until after
 the army had captured Petersburg and started Avest in pursuit of the army of Northern Virginia. In the actions around
 Dinwiddie and Five Forks the wounded of the cavalry and Fifth Corps, three hundred and  eighty-two in number, were sent to the
 Methodist church  field hospital April  1st, and thence  by ambulances and wagons in great part to Humphrey's Station, on the
 railroad;  the remainder accompanied the Fifth Corps and  Avere sent to  Sutherland Station, on the South-side railroad, ten
 miles from Petersburg.   On the request of the medical director of the cavalry, I directed that the Avounded of General Sheridan's
 command should be received in the cavalry corps hospital,  under the direction of the chief medical officer of the depot hospital
 at City Point, and subsequently I gave authority for the admission of wounded from  the cavalry into any of the corps hospitals
 at the front.  I believe that in this way the cavalry Avas disencumbered and its movements  facilitated under the arrangements
 already made.   While the system in use enabled me readily to accord the facilities desired, it could have been expanded even
 beyond these requirements.  The number of wounded during the general assault upon  the forts  and works before Petersburg,
 April 2d, Avas nineteen hundred and seventy-tAvo;  they Avere received in  the  regular division hospitals of the Sixth and Ninth
 Corps.  The wounded of General Miles's division of the Second Corps,  on the same day, numbered two hundred and seventy-
two.  They Avere received at Moody's house, near Five Forks.  The rebel wounded  found in Petersburg April 3d, were allowed
 to remain in the confederate general hospital under charge of their  own  surgeons, and generally throughout the campaign they
 were moved as little as possible until they were able to be paroled and sent home.  I desired for many reasons to have our own
Avounded kept out of Petersburg,  and as ample accommodations and comforts were prepared at City Point, they were ordered
to be sent there without delay, to be transferred northward as soon as possible.  Several days elapsed before the railroad from
City Point Avas  available beyond Petersburg,  and it was necessary to repair and change the gauge of  the railroad from
Petersburg toAvard Danville, April 7th.  When  it Avas completed as far as Wilson's  Station, the sub-depot hospital was moved
to that point and received several hundred Avounded,  chiefly from the cavalry of General Sheridan.  The wounded from the
operations around Jetersville, Amelia Springs,  Sailors' Creek, High Bridge, Farmville and beyond were  sent from those places,
and from the Brooks and Vaughan houses and Appomattox Court-house to Burke's Station, after April 6th.  T he presence of the
Ninth Corps at that place made it convenient and proper to receive the  wounded in the division hospitals of that corps, established
as a depot for wounded, until the sub-depot hospital  could be brought up.  This  was then at Wilson's  Station.  The medical
purveyor's train  Avas at Burke's Station and ready to supply  whatever Avas required  at the depot or at the front. For this  last
purpose it passed on to Farmville on the 9th of April.  About tAvo thousand wounded and five hundred sick were received at
Burke's St ation  from the different corps.  The sub-depot hospital established by Surgeon Bendell received, from April 9th to 30th,
six hundred and sixty sick, and one hundred and ninety-two wounded.   Of these, five died, and eight hundred and thirty-eight
were sent by railroad to the hospital at City Point.  The ambulance train of the Ninth Corps and the captured ambulances and
empty Avagons were used in addition to the other ambulance  trains  in the  collection and  transfer of Avounded  from  the battle- 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  McPARLIN.
205
 fields, of which Burke's Station Avas the depot.  After the surrender of the army of Northern Virginia, several hundred Confed-
 erate Avounded, and those  of our oavu men Avhom it Avas improper to move, at Farmville, Avere cared for in a most comfortable
 hospital  there.  Surgeon Blackwood, Surgeon  Evans and  Surgeon Wolf, U. S. V., acted as chief medical  officers.   The
 latter remained after  the army  of  the  Potomac  marched  towards Alexandria.   The wounded of  all corps and  services
 were received and thoroughly eared for.  The last of our Avounded Avere sent down from Burke's Station April 13th, to City
 Point, but scattering cases continued to be received in depot hospitals at City Point, until April 20th.  April 30th, I ordered the
 assistant medical purveyor to discontinue the sub-depot  at Burke's Station, and proceed with train and supplies to City Point
 and report to Medical Purveyor Brinton.  The Sixth Corps was then at  Danville, Avhere it remained some time.  Other corps
 of the army marched for Alexandria early in  May.  The depot hospital, army of the Potomac, at City Point, was ordered to
 be reduced tAventy-five hundred beds, April 30th, to be moved to Alexandria, May 4th, and to be finally discontinued May 25th.
 After the cases had been  disposed of by transfer to general hospital in Washington and Alexandria for discharge from service,
 the establishment ceased to exist.  The purveying depot, which Avas reduced in May, Avas discontinued and the property turned
 in at Washington in June.  The  contracts of acting assistant and  acting staff surgeons Avere cancelled upon the breaking up
 of the army.  On the 30th of June, 1865, the  army of the Potomac ceased to exist as an organization.
      Of the fund in my  hand accruing from tax on the sales of newspapers in the army of the Potomac,  I have applied to the
 purchase of luxuries for the hospitals and necessary articles for the transaction of the business of the medical department since
 last report, five thousand  and  seventy dollars and thirty-five cents.  The amount  received since January 1, 1865, has  been six
 thousand three hundred and eighty-four dollars.  On hand December 31, 1864, per  last report, nine thousand and twenty-five
 dollars and thirty-nine cents.  The balance remaining in my hands upon the breaking up of the army of the  Potomac, June
 29,  1865, Avas,  therefore,  ten  thousand three  hundred  and thirty-nine  dollars  and four cents.   This balance, pursuant to
 proceedings and recommendation of the  board appointed  by Special Order No. 163, headquarters army  of the Potomac, and
 approved by the commanding  general, was turned over by me, July 1, 1865, to the Surgeon General in trust, to be  made a
 donation from the army of the Potomac to the National Asylum created by the act  of Congress approved March  3, 1865.
      The strength of the medical department and ambulance corps for the period embraced in this report has been as follows:
 Medical  officers—January, five hundred and  four; February, five hundred and twenty-two; March, five hundred and ten;
 April, four hundred and  tAventy-one; May. four hundred  and nine ; June, two hundred and thirty-eight.  Hospital steAvards
 (not including regimental stewards)—January,  thirty-nine;  February, forty;  March, forty-two; April, thirty-six;  May,
 thirty-six ; June, thirty-two.   Ambulance corps (present)—January, forty-three  officers and  one thousand nine hundred and
 seven men; February, forty-four officers and  one  thousand  six hundred and eighty-one men; March, forty-four officers and
 one thousand six hundred and eighty-nine men; April, thirty-three officers and one thousand four hundred and fifteen men;
 May, thirty-four officers and one thousand three hundred and thirty men.
      The folloAving statement, showing the  number  of sick  and wounded during the half year ending June 30, 1865, is
 obtained by the consolidation of the monthly reports of sick and Avounded:  Remaining, December 31, 18(54. in field hospitals,
 two thousand  five hundred and  sixty,  in depot hospital, two thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, in northern general
 hospitals, (approximate number,) seventeen thousand eight hundred and sixteen;, taken sick and wounded, from January 1
 to June 30, 1865, seventy-five  thousand four hundred and eighteen; returned to the army from furlough and desertion, tAvo
 hundred  and fifteen; aggregate to be accounted for, ninety-eight thousand nine hundred and  four.  Of this number there Avere
 returned to duty, from field hospitals, fifty-seven thousand and thirty-seven, from depot hospital, tAvelve thousand one hundred
 and ninety-two, from northern hospitals, four thousand nine hundred and forty-nine; transferred to the veteran reserve corps,
 eight hundred and sixty; discharged the  service, from field hospitals, six hundred  and eighty-three,  from  depot  hospital,
 ninety-three, from northern hospitals, five thousand one hundred and twenty-tAVo;  deserted, five hundred and twelve; died
 in the field, six hundred and fifty-five, in depot  hospital, five hundred and seventy-two, in  northern hospitals, one thousand
 five hundred and eighteen ; furloughed from depot and field hospitals, six hundred  and one; remaining, June 30th, in regimental
 hospitals, one  thousand six hundred and fifty-two, in northern hospitals, (approximate number,) twenty-two  thousand four
 hundred  and fifty-eight.
      In accordance Avith general orders, those remaining in general hospital Avhose physical condition will permit are to be
 discharged the service at as  early a period  as practicable.  The reports shoAV  that tAventy-six thousand two hundred and
 forty-four patients Avere received at the depot hospital at City Point during the six months, while the regimental  reports of the
 army of the Potomac only show seventeen thousand six hundred and seventy-three sent to the general hospital.   This apparent
 discrepancy is  attributable to the fact that the depot hospital at City Point  admitted the  sick  and  wounded of the  other
 cooperative armies, from  which I received no regimental reports.  The  number is moreover larger than it would otherwise
 have been, because many men who were unable to accompany their commands upon the return march to the  Potomac, who
 under other circumstances would not have been detached from their regiments,  were sent to City Point to be  transported by
 water.  The number sent  north from City Point was fifteen thousand six hundred and six.  The difference between the number
 reported  as sent to general hospital on  the regimental  reports and the actual number received at City Point during the month
 of January, Avas ninety-four;  February, nine hundred and three; March, one thousand three hundred and sixty-five; April,
 five thousand six hundred and eleven; May. nine hundred and twenty-eight.  These figures show that the principal discrep-
 ancies occurred during the period of most active operations, and from the cause above stated.  In this  connection it may be
 remarked that  the number of gunshot wounds in  the army of the Potomac from January to June 30, 1865, according to the
 monthly reports, was six  thousand eight  hundred and  thirty-three, whereas the number of gunshot wounds actually  admitted
 at City Point, was nine thousand one hundred and thirty-seven.   The number of wounds and injuries (Class V) reported as
 admitted  to the field hospitals of the army during the same period, was nine thousand nine hundred and fifty-nine.  The number
 of wounds and  injuries (Class V) admitted at City Point from January  1st to May 31st, according to inspector's reports from
this and other armies, was eleven thousand three hundred and ninety-five.   With an army in campaign, errors and omissions
are to be  expected in the reports.   The present, however, are more complete and  correct than I anticipated, inasmuch as many 
206                  APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF THE  POTOMAC,  1865.

regiments and officers Avere mustered out of service, and changes of organization rapidly made,  especially during the period
intervening betAveen the return of the army to the Potomac and its dissolution.  *  *
      The operations of the ambulance corps have been  such as to reflect credit upon the officers charged with its command
and to demonstrate how essential such  an establishment is to the efficiency of the medical department and of the line of the
army.  An army that has Avitnessed its beneficial provisions is prepared to appreciate the justice and Avisdom of committing to
the medical department trusts and powers in  some degree commensurate Avith the duties imposed.
      I desire to invite the special attention of  the commanding  general to the successful management of the affairs entrusted
to them by the folloAving officers, viz.: Lieutenant Colonel Charles Page, medical director Second Corps, formerly the assistant
and, at times, acting medical director of this army; Lieutenant Colonel S. A. Holman, medical director Sixth Corps; Lieutenant
Colonel T. R. Spencer, medical director Fifth Corps; Lieutenant Colonel E. B. Dalton, medical director .Ninth Corps; Surf eon
G. B. Parker, successor of Surgeon Dalton as chief medical officer of the depot hospital at City Point, and Assistant Surgeon
J. B. Brinton, medical purveyor of the army.   To my immediate assistants, Surgeon J. A. Lidell, U. S. V., inspector of the
medical and  hospital department of  this army, and Assistant Surgeon J. Sim Smith, U. S. A., attending  surgeon  at head-
quarters, I am indebted for valuable assistance  in the discharge  of the special duties committed to them.  Assistant Surgeon
E. J. Marsh, U. S. A., Second Cavalry Division, Avas transferred to the command of General Sheridan the day preceding the
commencement of the campaign.  He has performed all his duties, Avhile under my direction, Avith signal ability.
      In closing this report of the  last campaign of the army of the Potomac, I desire to acknowledge the cordial cooperation
Avhich has been  extended to  me by the chiefs of the staff departments of this army, and the agreeable relations which have
been continued throughout eighteen months of duty as its medical director.  The medical officers, generally,  animated  by high
personal, professional and patriotic motives, have manifested a practical skill  and great devotion  to duty.  My anxieties  and
responsibilities, lightened by their labors, have now ceased Avith  the success of our military operations,  and  I  experience the
pride of past membership with them in the veteran  army.
                                  Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                                  T. A. McPARLIN,
                                         Surgeon and Brevet Colonel  U. S.  A., late Medical Director A) my of the Potonw.
   To the Sui:geon General of  the  Army,
CLVI.   Extracts from  the Report of the Medical Inspector of the Army  of  the Potomac for
      March and April,  1865.   By  Surgeon J. A.  Lidell,  U.  S. Yolunteers.

      *  *  *  "On the 26th of March, the depot field hospital at City Point, which already had a capacity of five thousand
nine hundred  and thirty-five beds, was ordered to be  enlarged one thousand beds, making  it capable of accommodating, in
round numbers, seven thousand patients.  On  the 28th, a medical purveyor's  train of thirty-six Avagons, loaded with extra
battle-field  supplies, such as stimulants, nutrients, dressings  for wounded, anodynes, haemostatics, etc., in charge of Assistant
Surgeon D. R. Beaver, 191st Pennsylvania, was brought up from City Point to the headquarters of the army for the purpose
of accompanying  the reserve train, and thus being at hand to supply any unexpected drain upon the resources of the division
and brigade supplies during the progress of the  campaign about to commence.  Moreover, the medical purveyor at City Point,
Assistant Surgeon J. B. Brinton, U. S. A.,  Avas directed to keep constantly on hand,  at that place, all the medical and hospital
supplies Avhich Avould be needed by ten or tAvelve thousand wounded throAvn unexpectedly on our hands.  *  *  Due attention
had also been  paid to the subject of transportation, as the following abstract from  the consolidated return  of the  ambulance
corps will serve to sIioav :  Number of ambulances on hand, five  hundred and  twenty-five;  army wagons, one hundred  and
fifty-four; medicine Avagons, fifty-five; forges, sixteen; horses, one thousand six hundred and sixty-six; mules, nine hundred
and ninety-four; stretchers, nine hundred and seventy-nine.  The ambulance corps, at this time, consisted of forty-four officers
and eighteen hundred and sixty-eight men.  It may be  added, that the condition and discipline of the ambulance service was
efficient and satisfactory in every respect.
      On the 28th of March, all the sick and Avounded of the division hospitals,  and all men  unable to march were sent to the
depot hospital  at City Point. In the evening the evacuation  of the field hospitals Avas complete, and those of the Second and
Fifth Corps Avere  loaded up and ready for the march.   Those of the Sixth and Ninth Corps remained as before, as no material
change in the position of these  corps had yet been ordered.  On Wednesday the  29th, the campaign begun.  At an early hour,
the Fifth Corps moved to Rowanty Creek,  near the Perkins house, laid bridges and crossed the creek.  The head of the column
crossed  over at eight o'clock A. m., passed  up the old stage road to its junction Avith the Vaughan  road, and thence along the
Vaughan road to its intersection Avith the Quaker road.  Griffin's division folloAved the Vaughan road a mile and a half farther,
Avhile Ayres's diA-ision, which had been in the advance all the morning, proceeded up the Quaker road a short distance to the
neighborhood of the Vaughan house.  The  Second Corps moved at a later hour than the Fifth, as its projected line of movement
Avas much shorter.  It crossed  Hatcher's Run by the Vaughan road bridge, passed doAvn the Vaughan road, and established a
connection Avith the Fifth Corps, a little before noon.  Both of these corps were in light marching  order.  They were accom-
panied by one half their ambulances, with one medicine Avagon, and  one army Avagon  for each division.  The rest of their
ambulances and Avagons were parked Avith the  reserve train of the  army, by General Meade's orders.   Each division of the
Second  Corps was  directed to be followed closely by  six, and each division of the Fifth  Corps  by ten  ambulances.  The
remainder of the ambulances moving AA'ith  each corps, accompanied the artillery and ammunition  trains in the rear.  Shortly
after noon, Griffin s division moved  up the Quaker road, passed the old Quaker burying ground, and met the enemy in  force
near a farm house, Avhere a sharp combat ensued. The firing began at thirty-five minutes after four o'clock P. M., and  lasted
about twenty minutes.   The action Avas maintained  principally by the infantry, and at close quarters.  The  enemy used no 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  J.  A.  LIDELL,  U.  S.  V.
207
artillery, and were driven back.  The ambulances Avere quickly brought to the front.  The division hospital was established at
the Spring house, near the Quaker road, about half a mile in rear of the place of combat, and  tAvo hundred and eighty-seven
Avounded, including fourteen rebels, Avere  promptly brought to it.  I noticed that many of the wounds Avere severe, involving
bones or some of the larger articulations, and that a larger proportion than usual required capital operations.  After the combat,
Griffin's division, supported by Ayres's and CraAvford's, pushed fonvard to the Boydton plank road, which it held that night.
During the afternoon, the Second Corps also  adA-anced toward the Boydton road.  At night, the position of our troops Avas as
folloAVs: the Fifth Corps on the left, holding the Boydton road, the Second Corps connecting Avith it on  the right, and stretching
across the intervening space to Hatcher's Run; then extending from the opposite bank of Hatcher's Run, a part of the army of
the James, under General Ord, the 2d division of the Twenty-fourth Corps and 1st division of the Twenty-fifth Corps, (colored,)
held the old line of the Second Corps, having been brought up for that purpose the day before.  Proceeding still further to the
right, the Sixth Corps remained in its old position, having on its right the Ninth Corps, also in its old  position, and stretching
round to the Appomattox river, beloAV Petersburg.  It Avas understood that the cavalry, under General Sheridan, were operating
in the direction of Dimviddie  Court-house.  The Avounded  Avere promptly cared for that  night, food and  restoratives Avere
administered, their Avounds Avere dressed,  the necessary operations performed, and all Avere under Avay for Humphrey's railroad
station, in ambulances,  before half past seven o'clock next morning.   From  Humphrey's Station they were sent to the depot
hospital at City Point,  Avithout delay, as the chief quartermaster had advised  Avith the  medical director,  and made  ample
arrangements for that purpose.  The  distance from the  division hospital to Humphrey's  Station was about  six miles, over
practicable, but by no means good roads.  The Second Corps Avas not engaged Avith the enemy that day.  The reserve train of
the army, including the medical purveyor's train already mentioned, iioav moved to the neighborhood of W. Perkins's house,
near RoAvanty Creek, General Meade's headquarters, being established that  night on the Vaughan road, near Gravelly Run,
and General Grant's headquarters on the  same road, but on the opposite side of the run.  The Aveather had been pleasant all
day, but about midnight it began to rain.  Thursday, March  30th, Avas dark and rainy, making the roads muddy and almost
impassable for Avagons in many places.  The dead of the previous day's combat were  buried.   The number reported was fifty
of our OAvn men, and one hundred and fifty of the enemy.  During the day the  Fifth Corps  advanced some  distance beyond
the Boydton plank road.   No serious opposition Avas  offered by the enemy, but forty-six wounded, including one rebel, were
brought to the field hospital.  All the  hospitals of the Fifth Corps were established together at the Spain house on this day.
During the day, the Second Corps also advanced its line, maintaining its connection with  the  Fifth Corps on the left, with its
right resting on  Hatcher's Run.  This movement Avas effected Avithout bringing on an engagement.  Our line now extended
from Hatcher's Run to the left, in front of Dabney's mills, obliquely across tbe Boydton road, to a considerable distance beyond
it.  The position of the army of the James and of the Sixth and Ninth Corps, on the other bank of Hatcher's Run, was under-
stood to be materially as before.  It was  also reported that General Sheridan, with the C avalry Corps, Avas operating in the
vicinity of Dinwiddie Court-house, in such a  way as to cover effectually the left  flank of the combined army.   In the evening,
the Aveather became clear.  Friday, March 31st, it began to rain at daylight.   The roads were iioav in  a terrible condition from
the mud.  ToAvard noon,  the  rain ceased and the weather became fair.  AjDout this time, the  Fifth Corps became warmly
engaged with the enemy.   The 1st division of the Second Corps also participated actively before the affair was over.   The loss
was considerable.  Seven hundred and  seventy-eight Avounded, including nine rebels, were brought to the division hospital of
the Fifth Corps at the  Spain house.   I had, on  this occasion, an excellent opportunity to see the practical working  of the
ambulance system, including the operations of the stretcher bearers on the field, the ambulances at the most advanced posts,
and the ambulances in motion between  these and the  division hospital, about tAvo miles ,in the rear.   The removal of the
wounded from the field to these hospitals Avas accomplished Avith  great expedition, so much so, indeed,  that they were all
brought in and refreshed Avith food and other  restoratives, had their wounds dressed, and the necessary operations performed at
an early hour in the evening, without the  appearance of hurry or confusion, although most of the loss had occurred during the
afternoon.  This fact speaks very Avell for the efficiency of the officers of the ambulance  corps, and  for the conduct of the
medical officers, both on the field and at the division hospitals; and I must be permitted here to record my unqualified admiration
of the manner in which the ambulance and hospital service of the Fifth Corps was managed by all  concerned.  In this affair,
the Second Corps lost three hundred and eighty-seven wounded, of whom  two  hundred and  ninety-four belonged to the 1st
division, seventeen to the 2d division, seventy-four to the 3d division, and tAvo to the artillery brigade.   The 2d division hospital
remained near the Chimneys, on the Vaughan road, but the 1st and 3d division hospitals Avere iioav moved up and located on the
Gravelly Run road, in a position convenient to their divisions.  The wounded of that corps were brought in promptly and Avere
well cared for in every respect.  Our line Avas advanced,  during the day, to the White Oak road, and General Grant moved his
headquarters to Dabney's mills.  Late in  the afternoon, General Sheridan was heavily engaged with the enemy near Dimviddie
Court-house.   In the evening, it was reported  that he  had several  hundred wounded for whom he had no transportation.
General Meade, therefore,  ordered the Sixth Corps  ambulance train to proceed to Dinwiddie Court-house and bring them in to
Humphrey's Station.  At  the  time, these ambulances were much needed to remove  the wounded of the Fifth Corps from  the
Spain house to Humphrey's Station, since nearly all the  ambulances of that  corps had been ordered to proceed at once to  the
assistance of General Sheridan's cavalry.  *  *  In consequence, a considerable number of the Avounded of the Fifth Corps
had to be transported in army wagons, about six miles,  over very rough roads, to Humphrey's Station.  Saturday, April  1st,
the weather was clear and  pleasant.  During the night of March 31st, and the  morning of April 1st, the Fifth Corps, Avith the
exception of one brigade,  was detached from  the army of the Potomac and sent to report to General Sheridan.
      The arrangement of our line Avest of  Hatcher's Run Avas now as follows: On the extreme left, one brigade of the 3d
division of the Fifth Corps; next to it, the 1st division of the Second  Corps; then  the 3d division of the Second Corps, and,
lastly, the 2d division of  the same corps, Avith its right resting on  Hatcher's Run.   Throughout the day nothing transpired
along the line but a small  amount of picket firing.  At the field hospitals of the Second and Fifth Corps, the medical officers
were busily occupied during the day in getting off the wounded to Humphrey's Station, en route to the depot hospital at City
Point.  In the morning the roads were still so muddy that the transportation of the wounded over them was slow and difficult' 
208
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY OF  THE  POTOMAC,  1865.
but during the day they dried rapidly.  During the morning thirty cars loaded chiefly Avith Avounded, but carrying also a few
sick, left Humphrey's Station for City Point.   At four o'clock P. M., a train of fifteen cars loaded in the same manner Avas sent
to the same destination.  About  six o'clock P. M., the ambulance train of the Sixth Corps, Avhich had been sent to Dimviddie
Court-house to bring in the wounded of the cavalry, arrived at Humphrey's Station.  In the meantime, at the instance of the
medical director, the chief quartermaster had ordered forty additional  cars to come up to Humphrey's Station.  Before night
all the Avounded had been conveyed in ambulances or army wagons from our division hospitals to the station.  The distances
from these hospitals to the station  were estimated as follows: From the hospital of the 2d division, Second Corps. tAvo miles
and a half; from those of the 1st and 3d divisions of the same  corps, four miles and a half; from the division hospitals of the
Fifth Corps, all located at the Spain house on the Quaker road, six miles.
       The headquarters of the  army of the Potomac were  moved  during the day to the neighborhood of General  Grant's, at
Dabney's mills.  In the evening it Avas reported that General  Sheridan's operations had been eminently successful; that, aided bv
the Fifth  Corps, he had  driven  the enemy, capturing two brigade trains, several pieces of artillery and three or four thousand
prisoners.  But tAventy-five Avounded Avere reported as admitted to the Fifth Corps hospital during the day.  Throughout the
folloAving night the sullen roar of artillery Avas heard at intervals  along the Avhole of our  line extending from the Appomattox
river beloAV Petersburg,  across  .the Boydton plank road, and Avell out toward the  Southside railroad, a distance of about
tAventy-five miles; but the fire Avas much the heaviest and the most continuous in front of the Ninth Corps, which, as already
stated, held the right of the line.
       Sunday, April  2d, at four o'clock A. m., the Sixth  and Ninth Corps  assaulted the enemy's Avorks in front of their
respective positions.   The Sixth Corps quickly carried  the  strongly fortified line of the  enemy near Fort Fisher, and rapidly
pushed its way across the intervening space to the Appomattox  river, a short distance above  Petersburg.  *  *  In the course
of the  day eight hundred and fifty eight wounded, including fifty-four rebels, were brought to the Sixth Corps hospitals, which
still occupied their old position.  Nearly all Avere injured during  the assault on the  Avorks.   The medical  director of the corps
reported that the ratio of killed, in comparison to the number wounded, Avas decidedly below the average.   The wounded Avere
sent to City Point by railroad the next day.  At four o'clock A. M., the Ninth Corps also assaulted the enemy's Avorks in front
of Fort Hell,  or Sedgwick, captured the main line, which was very strongly fortified, and successfully maintained its lodgement
against several  desperate attempts of the enemy to regain the works.  The loss of  this corps Avas materially increased by the
difficult character of the enterprize assigned to it.  There were brought to the division hospitals  of the corps one thousand one
hundred and fourteen Avounded, including twenty-one rebels.  They Avere promptly conveyed to City Point by railroad.  During
the day General  Sheridan's command was operating far out on the left.   The Fifth Corps sustained considerable loss, and three
hundred and eighty-tAVo Avounded, including seventy-two  rebels,  were admitted  to its  division  hospitals.   Soon after the
successful assaults of the defenses of Petersburg by  the Sixth and Ninth Corps,  the enemy abandoned all the Avorks Avest
of the  Sixth  Corps.   Two divisions of the Second Corps were now moved up the Boydton road to the vicinity of the Sixth
Corps.  Tavo divisions of the Twenty-fourth Corps,  army of the James, Avere also sent forward to a position on the right
of the  Sixth  Corps.   The 1st division of the Secgnd Corps was sent to cooperate with General Sheridan. They came across
two divisions of the enemy trying to escape across the Appomattox river, and had a sharp fight  Avith them. Two hundred and
seventy-tAvo Avounded were cared for at the division hospitals of the Second Corps.   Of these, tAvo hundred  and tAvelve belonged
to the 1st division alone.  Its hospital  was established at the Moody house, near Five Forks. General Meade's headquarters,
Avere established that night at the Robinson house, just in the rear of the Sixth Corps.   Monday, April 3d, the weather was warm
and pleasant.  During the previous night the enemy had  evacuated  the town of Petersburg, and it was occupied by our troops
at daAvn.  The  enemy left one hundred and forty-nine of his  badly wounded with two medical officers  in a well appointed
hospital  located in the suburbs, and knoAvn as the Confederate  States hospital   The surgeon in charge was directed to report
to the provost marshal of Petersburg, in order to obtain  rations and any other supplies  that might be needed.  The medical
director ordered that no houses in Petersburg should be used for  hospital purposes, or even for the temporary accommodation
of the wounded  belonging to the army of the Potomac, and that  in all cases  they should be sent to the depot hospital at City
Point without delay.  The same order  Avas reiterated in the evening by General Meade.  Thus all  the hospital accommodations
at Petersburg were available  for the  sick  and Avounded rebels.  ,A large number of men were put to Avork on the old line
of railroad from Petersburg to City Point, in order to reopen it as soon as possible.   During the  day the wounded of the Second
Corps, from the combats of the  day before, were brought to Petersburg in ambulances for transportation to City Point by
railroad.  A portion of the wounded belonging to the Fifth Corps were also brought into Petersburg for the same purpose, and
the remainder, numbering about one hundred and  fifty,  were sent to  Sutherland  Station in the  evening, and there supplied
Avith shelter,  three days' rations and medical  attendance,  while awaiting the reopening  of  railroad  communication  with
Petersburg, a distance of ten miles.   The headquarters of General Meade were established at night near Sutherland Station, a
short distance from General Grant's.  It Avas reported in the evening that the cars had commenced running to Petersburg from
City Point.  The reported evacuation of Richmond was also confirmed.  Tuesday,  April 4th, the weather continued pleasant.
The Second and  Sixth Corps moved at daAvn, marching up  the river road in a westerly direction.   The Ninth Corps was left
behind at Petersburg,  and the Fifth was still with General  Sheridan.  The medical director of  the  Sixth Corps reported that
the ambulance horses of that corps were  much jaded from overAvork, and that ten  of them Avere completely used  up.  It will
be remembered  that this ambulance train had been  sent on  the previous Saturday to Dinwiddie Court-house to bring in the
Avounded of General Sheridan's command.  The day's march Avas long, and over almost  impassable roads.   At night General
Meade's headquarters were established at the house of M. W. Jones, near Deep Creek, about twenty-five miles from the place of
starting.  The headquarters of the Second Corps was at the same place.  *  *  Wednesday, April 5th, the Aveather still continued
pleasant.  We moved at an early hour, in the direction of JetersA'ille, on the  Richmond and Danville railroad, distant about
fifteen miles.  We struck the railroad at that place in the afternoon, and  found General Sheridan there Avith the  cavalry and
Fifth  Corps.   Late in the day  the enemy made a demonstration on our front.  He appeared  on his Avay from Richmond  to
Burke  s Station.  During the  night he maneuvered to gain an opportunity to pass round our left in  the direction of Farmville. 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  J.  A.  LIDELL,  U.  S.  V.
209
 At night General Meade's headquarters Avere established at a house used by the cavalry for hospital purposes, about half a mile
 from General Sheridan's headquarters.  Thursday, April 6th, the morning was dark  and rainy;  the rain, hoAvever, ceased at
 noon.  The pursuit of General Lee's army was resumed with great activity.   The  Second Corps moved on the road to Amelia
 Springs as the leading column.  The  Fifth advanced on the right flank and  the Sixth on the left, within supporting distance.
 The Second Corps struck the enemy near Amelia Springs, and pushed him forAvard along the Deatonsville road.  The pursuit
 was not relaxed, and as the enemy ottered  resistance at every fitting opportunity, this corps was more or less engaged the rest
 of the  day.   The loss, hoAvever, was not large, viz.:  1st division, forty-one  wounded;  3d division, one hundred and fifty
 wounded; total, one hundred and ninety-one Avounded.  Early in the day  the 1st division hospital  Avas established at the
 Vaughan house, tAvo miles and a half Avest of the springs, in  the direction of  Deatonsville.  The wounded of the 3d  division
 were conveyed from the Vaughan house to Burke's Station by the ambulances of the Ninth Corps.  Those of the 1st division
 were carried to Burke's Station on the 7th, by Avay of Rice Station.  The Sixth Corps, advancing on the left of the  Second,
 became heavily engaged with the enemy toward evening at Sailors' Creek, in conjunction with the cavalry of General Sheridan.
 The enemy were routed, and  many prisoners were captured.  Four hundred  and eighty-one wounded, including one hundred
 and sixty-one rebels, Avere admitted  to the division hospitals of the corps.   It is understood  that they were established at
 Harper's farm.  These wounded Avere sent to Burke's Station next day in the Sixth Corps ambulances.  The Fifth Corps was
 not engaged during the day.  The headquarters of the army of the Potomac were established on the road from Deatonsville to
 Farmville, about two miles from the former place.   Friday, April 7th, the Seconil Corps continuing the pursuit of the enemy,
 crossed the Appomattox at High Bridge, Avhere  a slight skirmish occurred, and  advanced to the heights northeast of Farmville,
 where the enemy Avere found  entrenched.   All the division hospitals of this corps were established at the Brooks house late in
 the afternoon, and received two hundred and tAvelve wounded during the day and night.  They were sent to Burke's Station on
 the morning of the 8th, and the hospitals ordered forAvard to join the corps, which had advanced  in pursuit of the enemy, who
 had fallen back  during the  night,  After this the army of the  Potomac did not again engage the enemy.  General Lee
 surrendered his army at Appomattox Court-house on Sunday, April 9th.
       On the morning of April 7th, in accordance Avith orders, I proceeded to Burke's Station for the  purpose of assisting in
 the arrangements for the reception and care of the sick and wounded at that place until the railroad to Petersburg could be put
 in running order.  The general commanding having, on the evening of the 6th, designated Burke's Station as the prospective
 depot of the army of the Potomac, the medical  director ordered  arrangements  to be  made  for the suitable  reception of two
 thousand five hundred wounded at that place.   It was expected that we Avould  be compelled to provide for all the wounded in
 the operations west of the  Richmond and Danville railroad, including  those of General Sheridan's cavalry command, and of the
 Twenty-fourth Corps, army of the James, as well as for those of the army of the Potomac.   The  estimates Avere based upon
 this expectation, and the sequel shoAved it to be well founded.  Ha\-ing reached  Burke's Station about noon, I found Lieutenant
 Colonel Dalton, medical director of the Ninth Corps, Avho had come up from NottoAvay Court-house that morning on the same
 business.  He stated that the  hospitals of the 2d and 3d divisions of  the Ninth  Corps were on their way, and would arrive  in
 the afternoon, together with the ambulance trains of those divisions.   I also learned that the railroad was only open as far  as
 Wilson's Station, twenty-seven miles distant, and that several days must elapse before the cars could get, up to Burke's Station.
 In the meantime, shelter, food and medical attendance must be provided for a large number of wounded  at that place.  It was
 also knoAvn that several hundred wounded were already on their Avay in the ambulance trains of  tbe Second and Sixth Corps,
 and that they would arrive by evening.  The hotel  buildings at Burke's Station had been in use for a considerable time as a
 rebel hospital, and Avere already filled to overflowing with rebels avIio were unable  to  be  moved when their forces  retreated,
 and Avith sick and wounded belonging to the Twenty-fourth Corps, and the Cavalry Corps, Avho had recently been brought there.
 In the afternoon the hospitals of the 2d and 3d divisions of the Ninth Corps were established on good ground, convenient to the
 railroad and  made ready for  the  reception of  Avounded.   All the vacant warehouse rooms at  the railroad depot  Avere  also
 taken  possession of,  and made ready for  the same purpose without delay.  In the  evening about seven hundred and fifty
 wounded from the Second and Sixth Corps arrived, and were promptly cared for.  The ambulance trains of the 2d and 3d
 divisions of the Ninth Corps came up in the afternoon, and were at once sent forward to the front, Avith orders to report  to the
 medical director of the  army of the Potomac.  Saturday, April 8th, the Avarehouses at the depot, and the hospitals of  the Ninth
 Corps, including that of the 1st division  now  on the way to Burke's Station,  were  capable of sheltering  sixteen hundred
 wounded, and this entirely independent of the rebel hospital above-mentioned, and of the dAvelling houses in the neighborhood
 used by the cavalry for their  wounded.  Captain J. H.  Alley, hospital commissary of the Ninth Corps, sent  out a foraging
 train to-day, under suitable escort, to obtain subsistence for the sick  and wounded.  It brought in three wagon loads of pro-
 visions, consisting of flour, meal, potatoes, hams and bacon.  Captain Alley also sent  to City Point for enough  sugar, coffee
 and candles to last four thousand men eight days, in order to be ready for possible contingencies.  He also began  to repair the
 large oven of the hotel, with a view to issue soft bread without delay, and, placing a safeguard upon a neighboring grist mill,
 he set it to grinding flour  and meal.   The medical  purveyor's train  being at Burke's Station, enough  medical and hospital
 supplies were draAvn from it to last tAvo thousand Avounded eight days.  These Avere draAvn by the surgeons in charge of 2d and
 3d division hospitals of the  Ninth Corps in addition  to the supplies they had already on hand.  Afterward the medical
 purveyor's train started for Farmville,  seventeen miles distant.  Foraging Avagons were also  sent out for straw.  During the
 day and  evening, about five hundred and  fifty wounded and sick arrived.  Sunday,  April  9th, Captain Alley again foraged
 successfully for provisions and straw.  About two hundred and sixty wounded and sick were brought in.  Monday April 10th, the
 bakery began to turn out soft bread of  first rate quality, working at the rate of tAvo thousand rations per diem.  Provisions and
straw Avere again obtained by  foraging.  If subsistence could not have been obtained by foraging, the sick and wounded must
have suffered very much with  hunger for a few  days.  In the evening, the Ninth Corps ambulances returned from  the front,
bringing about two hundred sick and Avounded.   One hundred and fifty hospital  tent-flies had arrived in wagons from AVilson's
Station, so that we noAV felt easy on the subject of shelter.  Tuesday, April 11th, there were  about tAvo thousand iavo hundred
sick and wounded at Burke's Station, of Avhom  about one thousand six hundred belonged  to  the army of the Potomac, about
         21 
210                  APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY OF  THE  POTOMAC,  1865.

tAvo hundred and tAventy to the army of the James, about one hundred and eighty to the Cavalry Corps, and about tAvo hundred
were prisoners of Avar.   All of them Ave re Avell taken care of.  *  *
      The  railroad cars came up to Burke's Station, April 11th, for the first time, and preparations were immediately made to
load them Avith Avounded on  their return to  City Point.  In this  way about one  thousand  four  hundred and fifty sick and
Avounded Avere sent to City Point.  The last train started  at five  o'clock P. M.  The cars for the Avounded Avere Avell bedded
Avith straAV.  Tavo days' rations Avere provided for the patients, Avith tAvo attendants to each car, and medical officers to accompany
them to City Point.  The Ninth Corps ambulance train was sent out to Harper's farm for some wounded cavalrymen Avho were
reported to be there Avithout  supplies.  The train Avas  accompanied by a wagon loaded Avith provisions.  "Wednesday, April
12th, sent to City Point at noon, by railroad,  about  six hundred sick and Avounded, the  trains being  provided  in the same
manner as those sent on the 11th.  This evacuated Burke's  Station of all the sick and Avounded, except about one hundred and
fifty rebels, Avho would also have been  sent if there had been enough  transportation.  During the latter part  of  the dav the
ambulances of Cavalry Corps arrived and the Ninth  Corps  ambulances returned.   They brought together about two hundred
and fifty sick and Avounded, most of whom were rebels.  A number of sick and Avounded were also received from other sources.
The headquarters of the army of the Potomac came down to Burke's Station at three o'clock P. M., and Avere established in its
vicinity. Thursday, April 13th, four hundred and fifty sick and wounded Avere sent to  City Point. A majority of them were
rebels.  This relieved us of all sick and Avounded then on hand who  could safely be transported.  Surgeon H. Bendell, 86th
New York, in charge of the sub-depot field hospital, organized pursuant to the  orders of the medical director, dated April 3,
1865, arrived at Burke's Station April 13th, accompanied by twenty-four assistant surgeons and attendants, shelter and ample
supplies.  In the course of the day he  established his hospital.  *   *
      Up to this time about twenty-five hundred sick and Avounded had been  sent to  City Point by railroad.   Of this number
it Avas estimated that about tAvo thousand were wounded.  These  men  had all  been promptly received and provided for at
Burke's Station.  In this connection, Lieutenant Colonel E. B. Dalton, Surgeon U. S. V., chief medical officer, and Captain J.
H. Alley, hospital commissary, of the  Ninth Corps, deserve special mention.  During the brief campaign commencing March
29th, the total  number of Avounded in  the various engagements Avas as folloAvs:   Second Corps, one thousand one hundred;
Fifth Corps, one thousand four hundred and thirty-six; Sixth Corps, one thousand one hundred and twenty-seven; Ninth Corps,
one thousand one hundred and sixty; total, four thousand eight hundred and tAventy-three wounded  in action.  The estimate
does not embrace those wounded by accident or by picket firing.   It also appears that about three hundred and thirty-five
wounded rebels Avere  brought to  our division hospitals."             *      *
CLYII.   Extract from  the Report of the Depot Field Hospital of the Army of  the Potomac
     from March  27 to June 30, 1865.   By Surgeon G. B. Pakkek,  U. S. Yolunteers.
      *  *  *  "In obedience to General Order No. 77, paragraph 4,  dated headquarters, army of the Potomac, March 25,
1865, I assumed, on the 27th of March, the duties of acting chief medical officer of the depot field hospital, City Point, Virginia.
The hospital consisted of ninety stockade pavilions and four hundred and fifty-two tents, and Avas divided into sections
belonging to the Second, Fifth, Sixth and Ninth Corps, and to the Cavalry Corps.  Its capacity Avas five thousand four hundred
and fourteen beds.  Its railroad communications extended to Burkesville, and afterAvard to Danville, and patients Avere received
direct from those points.  On the 28th of March, the medical  director of the army of the Potomac ordered the hospital to be
increased to its utmost capacity, and additional tents were pitched accordingly, and the  capacity of the hospital increased to
eight thousand eight hundred beds.  Pursuant to telegraphic orders from the medical director, supplies for two thousand five
hundred patients for ten  days,  and twenty-five medical officers  were forwarded  to Burksville, Virginia, and a  sub-depot
established there, intended to receive patients unable to travel, and for Avhom immediate transportation could not be furnished.
The sub-depot was  ready for the treatment of patients, April 7th.   During its  continuance, one thousand one hundred and
seventy-three patients were received and transferred to City Point.
      In consequence of the Ninth Corps being detached from the army of the  Potomac, after the campaign terminated, the
portion of the  depot hospital belonging to that corps was closed on  the 24th of April.   On the 4th of May,  the commanding
general of the  army of the Potomac, ordered the  removal of the depot hospital to Alexandria, Virginia.  Medical officers and
requisite supplies Avere, accordingly sent forward, and a hospital, with a capacity of  two thousand beds, was established at that
place in advance of  the arrival of the returning armies.  The  depot  hospital was finally broken up on the 30th of June, 1865.
From the 27th of March to the 30th of June, tAventy-one thousand five hundred and sixty-one patients Avere admitted to the
depot hospital, of whom seven  thousand eight hundred and eighty-one Avere returned to duty, eleven  thousand nine hundred
and twenty transferred to general hospitals, one thousand and seventy-three turned over to the provost marshal, three hundred
and seventy-one were furloughed or deserted, and three hundred and sixteen died.
      In addition to the above, many men, who did not belong to the army of the Potomac, were received at the depot hospital.
These were sent forAvard immediately to  Point of Rocks, Virginia, by transports;  but, in consequence of their great number
and the rapidity of their arrival and departure, the surgeons in charge of the corps hospitals failed to register  their names.
The number of patients treated  in  the hospital, after its removal to Alexandria,  Virginia, amounted to  one thousand four
hundred and forty-six.   The supply of water, for the depot hospital at City Point, Avas  obtained from flowing springs  found
under the bluffs of the  Appomattox.   The water was raised to a reservoir,  at a  proper elevation, by two stationary steam
engines, and conveyed by pipes to the respective corps hospitals, some of which Avere half a mile distant.  An abundant supply
Avas constantly kept on hand.
      The  general sanitary condition of the hospital was invariably good; neither gangrene nor any epidemic appeared;  good,
order,  discipline, and cleanliness Avere constantly maintained; there was always an ample supply  of  medical  and hospital
stores, and every luxury and comfort required by the  sick and wounded Avas furnished by the  medical department Avith the 
                          REPORT  OF  SURGEON T.  RUSH  SPENCER,  U.  S.  V.                      211

least possible delay.   In  concluding, it is proper to refer to the efficiency of the following named surgeons in charge of the
portions of the hospital belonging to the several corps:  Acting Staff Surgeon John Aiken, Second  Corps; W. L. Faxon,
Surgeon 32d Massachusetts, Fifth Corps;  Assistant Surgeon J. Sykes Ely, U. S. V., Sixth Corps;  W. O. McDonald, Surgeon,
U. S. V., Ninth Corps; C. A. McCall, U. S. A., Cavalry Corps;  H. Bendell, Surgeon, 106th N. Y. V., in charge of sub-depot
at Burksville, Virginia."

CLYIII.   Extracts from the Report  of the Medical Director of the Fifth Corps from November
      1, 186-:, to April 30,  1865.   By Surgeon T.  Rush  Spencer, U. S. Volunteers.

      *  *  *  "The corps had remained encamped in the vicinity of the Yellow house, upon the line of the Weldon railroad,
some six or seven miles south of Petersburg, from the time of the battles by Avhich this line had been secured on the 18th, 19th and
21st of August.   The hospitals of the corps, established at the same time near Parke's Station, two miles in the rear, remained in
tbe same position on November 1st.  The ambulance train had its park  near the hospitals.  The sites occupied for camps were
such as Avere dictated by military necessity.  They were upon a thin, sandy soil, underlaid  by clay, holding moisture and giving
it forth readily under the rays of the sun.   The general surface Avas flat and but poorly drained.  The water was obtained from
springs, or very shallow  Avells, and Avas necessarily bad.  Wood, of a second groAvth, was sufficiently abundant.   The troops
had, to a great extent, recovered from the fatigues of the campaign from the Rapidan to tbe Weldon railroad, but constant labor
in the trenches, on forts, and in building roads, together Avith exposure in rifle-pits, and the sleepless vigilance of  picket duty,
kept up a constant strain  upon the physique and the morale of the men.  The absence of anything like an abundance of fresh
vegetables, the scarcity of soft bread, the noxious emanations from a soil saturated with  decaying vegetable and animal matter,
in a region noted for its malarious character, had its natural effect upon the health of the command, as  seen in  numerous cases
of camp diarrhoea, malarial  and typho-malarial  fevers.   The hospitals  of the corps were  placed upon slightly elevated' sites,
and enjoyed the advantage of fair drainage, and passably good well Avater.   One hospital Avas established for each division, and
one for the artillery brigade.   Regimental hospitals Avere entirely dispensed with.  Each hospital remained Avith its  division, or,
all were aggregated together as appeared expedient from time to time.  The hospitals were all Avell  organized, with surgeons in
charge, recorders, ward surgeons, commissaries,  stewards, attendants, police parties, etc.   The capacity of each hospital varied
with the necessities of the case, though the average number of  sick to  be  retained Avas expected  to  be limited to about one
hundred.  When, exceeding that number, or when cases of a protracted nature presented themselves, they were promptly sent to
the depot hospital at City Point.  Whenever  active operations Avere about  to take place, all sick  were sent to the rear.  So
perfect Avere the arrangements, that a few hours  sufficed to clear the wards, and have everything on wheels ready for a move.
Medical and hospital supplies  were ahvays promptly supplied,  upon requisition, by the medical purveyor of the  army of the
Potomac.  The ambulance department Avas thoroughly organized and in excellent condition.   During the winter the animals of
the train Avere protected by excellent stables, which they continued to occupy until  the movement began in March, 1865.   The
building of huts for the men  commenced early in the fall, and before cold weather set in they were Avell sheltered.  The command
continued stationary until December 6th, Avhen, leaving its comfortable quarters, the corps started upon the  expedition to the
Weldon railroad.  Half the quota of ambulances, with the usual battle  supplies, hospital stores, etc., and a hospital tent fly in
each, accompanied the troops.   The Aveather during this march varied from a warm  rain on the first day, to cold rain with sleet
and high wTind, ending in bitter, biting cold.  The first day's march Avas long, and over muddy roads, but so mild Avas the
weather that many threAV away blankets  and overcoats, and many men Avere left  behind.   The marches were long, and the
labor of tearing up the road severe, and  after the change of the weather,  the troops suffered extremely for want of shelter,
blankets and overcoats.  The ambulances on  the return Avere all filled with the sick and footsore. There were,  however, no
wounded. Returning on  the 12th, the corps went into camp in reserve between the Jerusalem plank road and the Halifax road.
Considerable increase of sickness, especially of diseases involving the chest, followed the exposures of this movement, and the
delay in building huts after the return.  Two of the divisions,  moreover,  were, after their return, encamped on low, marshy,
Avooded ground, Avhere every effort at drainage, seemed only to increase the number of cases of disease of a malarious type, by
disturbing the decaying vegetable mould.  The medical department made every effort to correct these  evils.  They Avere only
remedied, hoAvever, by the complete change of camp, which followed the battle  of Hatcher's Run, the  first week in February.
During this period, from December 12th till February, several cases occurred, which, in their rapidly fatal course, as Avell as in
the post mortem appearances of the nerve centres, presented the usual phenomena of cerebro-spinal meningitis.  These cases,
however, were so few as  only to attract  attention by their novelty.  They were observed, as a rule, in  recent recruits.  In
other respects there Avas little to note  during this period.  On the 5th  of February Ave were  again ordered to move with our
flying hospital, leaving the balance of the hospital train, etc., behind.  On  reaching Rowanty Creek, the enemy made a sharp
resistance to our crossing.  We had some fifteen wounded, who were immediately sent back to our hospital left at Parke's Station,
Effecting a crossing, building bridges, etc., consumed some hours.  Evening  found us at the Quaker road, down which Ave
marched during the night to reach Hatcher's Run, early in the morning, after a day  and a night without rest  for either officers
or men.  The cold was the most intense  encountered in any  movement  during the  winter.  The men  had hardly time  to
prepare a hasty dish of coffee, Avhen they were ordered forward to attack the enemy.  At night, much of the  field of battle Avas
in the possession of the enemy, but so promptly, and so thoroughly had the wounded been removed from the field, that next
morning very feAV were found to have been left unsuccored, or in the enemy's hands.  The hospitals of the corps Avere established
at the Cummings house, a mile to the  rear of the run.  Here  every attention Avas rendered, the medical officers never resting
until every man was fed,  dressed or operated on as the  case required, and placed in the ambulances.  They Avere at once
conveyed to the railroad at Patrick's Station.  The number was five hundred and two.  The battle of the 7th was brief and
resulted favorably to our arms.   The wounded numbered one hundred and eighty-four.  '   *  They were promptly cared for and
sent to the depot hospital.  The corps Avent into camp in the immediate vicinity on a high, dry and wiling surface, with good
water and plenty of Avood.  The benfit of the improved site Avas  immediately visible in the prompt disappearance of intermittents 
212
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF THE  POTOMAC,  1865.
and kindred diseases.   The hospitals Avere noAV brought up from Parke's Station, and each placed in the more immediate vicinity
of its oavu division.  They soon vied Avith each other in the increased comforts for their sick, and  in  external  ornamentation.
Airain a period of rest under favorable sanitary conditions, prepared the troops for the final campaign.  During this period of
rest  all reports Avere brought up, property unfit for  further use, or in excess, turned  in, and all deficiencies  supplied.  The
ambulance and hospital train Avas also put in complete order for the  spring campaign.  After the maximum of supplies had been
procured, an order reducing the transportation left no  alternative during our hurried marches, but  to  abandon  more or less of
the supplies deemed necessary to the emergencies of a campaign.  Fortunately the reserve supplies of the medical department
came so promptly forward to supply all deficiencies that never for a  day Avas there any lack.
      The field hospitals Avere once  more cleared, the  flying hospital detached, the ambulance boxes filled with their battle-field
supplies.   On  the morning of March 29th, Ave once more took up our line of march, half the ambulances and the flying hospital
accompanying the troops, the rest remaining with the heavy train.   Crossing RoAvanty  Creek, we moved along the stage road
to the Quaker road, up which we marched nearly to the Boydton  plank  road, and, about  four o'clock, found the enemy in
position.  A very sharp engagement ensued, the enemy being driven back into his works.  A hospital Avas established at the
Spain house, near the Quaker church on Quaker road.  For the first and only time the battle-field supplies of the ambulance
boxes came into requisition.  Soon the wounded began to reach the  hospitals, Avhere all Avere  promptly dressed and comfortably
provided for.   By seven  o'clock next morning, they  Avere on their Avay to the  railroad at Humphrey's  Station, nver  roads
rendered almost impassable by rain and travel.   The following  day Avas  occupied in  advancing  our lines and constructing
defences, slight skirmishing only, taking place.   On  the 31st, the  corps again advanced and met the enemy.   The 2d and 3d
divisions Avere, at first,  driven back, but, being supported by the 1st division, soon forced the enemy to retreat Avith considerable
loss.  During  the night, the corps was massed near the Boydton plank road, and the 2d  division sent toAvard Dinwiddie Court-
house to the support of General  Sheridan.   The other divisions marching  by another converging road, all three participated
in the engagement of Five  Forks, Avhere, in conjunction with General Sheridan's cavalry, a most decisive battle was won,
resulting in the capture of  many guns  and several thousand prisoners.  Our wounded, hoAvever,  Avere less numerous than in
the fight on the Quaker road.
      A hospital was promptly  established at the Methodist church, on the White Oak road.  From this point some patients
Avere sent to Humphrey's Station,  and some to the Quaker church hospital.   Both hospitals were promptly broken up, and all
the Avounded Avho had not been  sent off, Avhen the pursuit of Lee began,  on the 2d of April, Avere brought fonvard to Sutherland
Station on the  Southside railroad.   Here they were left in fourteen  hospital tents, with a surgeon and all necessary supplies;
the balance of the hospital train  and the ambulances hastening after  the troops.  OAving  to the rapidity of  the march, the
condition of the roads, and the cutting of trains  by moving troops,  much anxiety Avas felt lest the delays should prove
detrimental, but on the 5th, our  trains all reached us  at Jetersville, and subsequently remained Avith us.  By marches varying
from twenty to thirty miles daily, between the 2d  and 9th, Ave reached the vicinity of Appomattox Court-house, to find  the
enemy engaged Avith General Sheridan's cavalry, Avith the intention, Ave  afterward learned, of breaking through  and continuing
their retreat.   *  *  On the  9th, General Lee surrendered.  From the 9th to the 15th, Ave remained at Appomattox Court-house.
On the 15th, Ave started for  NottoAvay Court-house, which Ave reached on the 20th, relieving the Ninth Corps, then guarding the
railroad from Burkesville to Sutherland Station.  During the remainder of the month, the corps continued at this point.  The
usual amount of sickness, presenting no peculiar feature, attended our stay."              *       *
CLIX.   Extracts from the Report of the  Medical Inspector of the  Fifth  Army Corps for
      March and April,  1865.   By Assistant Surgeon Charles K.  Winne, TJ. S. Army.
      *  *  *   "March 26th, 27th and 28th,  all the sick in the Fifth Corps hospitals, together with all Avho Avere judged to
be unable to endure the fatigue of the ensuing  campaign, Avere sent by rail from Humphrey's Station to the  depot hospital at
City Point.  All necessary preparations for the campaign had been made.  The regimental field companions had been filled,
the ambulance boxes furnished with supplies of hard bread, sugar and coffee; in addition to the articles required to be carried
in them, surplus medical property had been turned in at City Point, and as large an amount of supplies had been obtained for
the different field hospitals as could be carried  with the transportation alloAved.
      March 29th, the corps broke camp before daybreak.  The flying field hospital accompanying the command consisted
of half the number of ambulances, carrying hospital tent flies; one  medicine wagon, carrying two extra operating tables, and
five hospital Avagons for each division.  The Avagons Avere filled  with the hospital tents, blankets, rations, clothing, etc.  The
remaining ambulances, brigade supply Avagons  and medicine wagons accompanied  the  general train of the corps.  The corps
crossed RoAvanty Creek at Perkins's house, near which the traius were parked.   From this  position, after halting for some
time, it moved up the  Quaker road to  Lewis's  farm.  Near  the  junction of  the Boydton and Quaker roads, the 1st division
encountered the enemy.  The hospitals Avere established at a house near the old Quaker church, on Quaker road, and supplies
brought up in ambulances and wagons.  It commenced raining  about dark, and continued to do so all night and next day,
rendering the roads so bad that the movements of the ambulances Avere extremely difficult.  It being necessary to remove the
Avounded to Humphrey's Station with as much rapidity as possible, the surgeons of other divisions aided those of the 1st in
performing the necessary operations, and the ambulance train of the corps, aided by twenty ambulances belonging to the Second
Corps, Avere started'for Humphrey's Station at seven o'clock A. M., March 30th, accompanied by the pioneers of the 1st brigade
of the 2d division to assist  in clearing the road.  During the afternoon a portion of our line was attacked, the losses in our
corps falling almost entirely  upon the 1st division.  March 31st,  the entire corps was engaged upon the White Oak road, and
one-half the number of ambulances present were constantly occupied in  transporting the wounded, after they had received  the
necessary attention, fronjthe hospital at Quaker church to Humphrey's Station.  Each  train Avas placed in charge of a medical
officer, assisted by attendants, and provided with stimulants, dressings, etc.   The wounded were all fed before leaving hospital, 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  W.  R.  DeWITT,  JR.,  U. S.  V.                      213
and such cases as needed blankets were supplied.  During the night of the 31st, the 2d division moved down the Boydton
plank road toward Dimviddie, folloAved, next morning, by the 1st and 3d divisions, Avhich marched by another road leading in
the same direction.   In the afternoon of April 1st, the battle of Five Forks was fought.  The hospital Avas established at the
Methodist church, but owing to the terrible condition of the roads, rendered almost impassable by the long rain and the passage
of infantry and cavalry, it Avas not fully organized before midnight.  OAving to the same reason, the evacuation of the hospital
at Quaker church had not been completed.      f  April 2d,  six rebel wagons, captured  the previous day, Avere  sent  with
slightly Avounded to Quaker church, and at  eleven o'clock a. si., sixty-six ambulances, loaded with wounded,  were sent  from
Methodist church hospital to Humphrey's Station, orders having been received  to send no more Avounded to Quaker church
hospital.  Only a sufficient number of medical officers  had been left at this hospital to provide for the daily Avants of the
Avounded until they could  be shipped to City Point, as all the operations had been  performed, and thirty-five ambulances had
been left to convey them to the station.  This Avas so far accomplished during the afternoon  that the remaining wounded Avere
all sheltered in the house,  in charge of one medical officer, Avith three days' rations and supplies, and the tents that had  been
left were brought up to Methodist church, Avhere the rest of the train had been parked.  During the 2d, the troops occupied
Sutherland Station, on  the Southside railroad.  The wounded continued to be shipped from the Methodist church to the railroad
until the morning of the 3d, when those  still remaining were  removed, together with the whole hospital train,  by the White
Oak. Claibone and Namozine roads to Sutherland's Station, AA'here a hospital of fourteen tents was established.   Here medical
officers, attendants and  three days' rations and supplies Avere left Avith the wounded, and the train followed the command, keeping
up as Avell as  circumstances  Avould permit.  *  *  April 4th, the corps reached Jetersville, having marched  twenty miles.
April 5th, entrenchments were throAvn up, an attack from the enemy being expected.  In the afternoon the hospital  train arrived,
and Avent into park.  April 6th, marched  nearly to Amelia Court-house, thence via Farmville and Deatonsville to Avithin five
miles of High  Bridge, on  the Appomattox  river, being a total  distance of tAventy-nine miles.  April 7th, inarched to Prince
Edward's Court-house, eighteen miles.  April 8th, marched through Prospect Station, along  the Petersburg and Lynchburg
railroad to  within seven miles of Appomattox Court-house.  April  9th, the corps moved  at daybreak toAvard Appomattox
Court-house, and meeting the enemy, the Abbott house Avas selected for a field hospital.  But feAV cases, however, were received,
as overtures  Avere  made  on  the part of  the enemy for the surrender of his entire  force.   The corps remained in camp at
Appomattox Court-house until the 15th of April, when the troops commenced marching back, encamping at night at Pamplin's
Station.   April 16th, march resumed to Farmville, over exceedingly bad roads.  April 17th, marched to Sandy river, eight
miles from  Burkesville.  April 20th, the  corps  Avas moved to NottoAvay Court-house, and distributed along the line of the
Southside railroad, from a point between Burkesville and Nottoway to beyond Sutherland's Station.  The division hospitals Avere
here established on exceedingly eligible sites; that of the lot division at Wilson's Station, those of the 2d division and artillery
brigade  near  NottoAvay Court-house, and  that of the 3d division hospital at Black and While, each  being as near  the centre
of its respective division as practicable."
 CLX.   Extract from the Report of  the  Surgeon-in-chief of the  First Division, Fifth Corps.
      By Surgeon AY. K.  DeYtitt, jr., IT.  S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "About the 1st of May, 1884, the  hospital of the  1st division of the Fifth Corps was established, and a
 surgeon-in-charge was  detailed from one of the  regiments.  Two assistant medical  officers,  two hospital steAvards, together
 with cooks and  attendants, were also detailed, the organization being adequate for the care of the sick and wounded, when no
 fighting Avas going on.   During engagements an operating staff, from each  brigade, reported  to the hospital for duty, and
 remained until the fighting was over and the wounded had  been disposed of.  On the 1st of November,  1864, the hospital was
 at Parke's Station, in front of Petersburg, Virginia, and the troops of the division were encamped along the front  line near
 Peeble's house.   The locations of the hospital and camp were very  healthy.  The Avater Avas  of good  quality, the drainage
 favorable.  During November,  three hundred and seventy patients Avere admitted and treated.   Of these, eight died; three of
 typhoid fever, four of remittent fever,  and one of inflammation of the brain.   Twenty cases of typhoid fever Avere treated;
 one hundred  and two of remittent feVer, forty of intermittent fever, and fifty of diarrhoea.   It will be seen from this  that
 miasmatic complaints were the prevailing diseases. The average number on sick  report was one hundred and thirteen.  On the
 6th of December, a portion of the  hospital establishment, called the flying hospital, accompanied the troops on the expedition
 to the battle-field on the Weldon railroad, and returned on the 11th of the  same month.  During this  expedition there was
 considerable exposure, and, in  consequence of the inclement Aveather, the men suffered greatly.  This circumstance, together
 with the bad  nature of the camping ground previously occupied by the troops, occasioned much sickness, chiefly Ioav forms of
 fevers and  inflammations, such as typhoid fever, chronic diarrhoea, typhoid pneumonia, etc.   After their  return  from the
 expedition the troops encamped in a neAV position in the  rear of the main  line, where they had to use  surface water, or that
 held in a clay stratum a few inches below the surface of the ground.  In the treatment of their diseases we had to rely mainly
 on stimulants and  tonics, with  a  supporting dietetic treatment.  During the month of December, four hundred and  eighty-
 seven patients were  admitted,  including ninety  cases of typhoid  fever,  ten  of remittent,  teu  of pneumonia,  and three
 hundred and five of diarrhoea.   There Avere seven deaths,  four of them from typhoid fever.  In the month of January, two
 hundred and fifty-seven patients were admitted.   The number of deaths was twenty^one; of which, sixteen were from typhoid
fever.  The number of cases of typhoid fever treated Avas one hundred  and sixty-five; of diarrhoea, seventy-one.   February
5th, the flying hospital  accompanied the troops to Hatcher's Run,  and was established at the Cummings house.  A few days
after the whole hospital was removed  from Parke's Station,  and took  the  place of the flying hospital, being located on or
near the same site.  Here, one  hundred and fifty Avounded from the battle-field Avere brought in and received surgical attention,
until fonvarded  to City Point  a short time after.  I may mention that when, at any time, the hospital became too crowded,
authority Avas given to  send the more  severe cases  to the  depot hospital at City Point, and Avheu a movement of the troops 
214                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC,  1865.

Avas anticipated the hospital Avas cleared, by all patients being sent to City Point.  Seven hundred and twenty-nine patients
Avere admitted during February; of these, five  died; tAvo of gunshot wounds, and three of typhoid fever.  One hundred
and sixtv cases of typhoid fever, and tAvo hundred  and eight of diarrhoea, Avere treated.  The location of the camp at this
point Avas very little better than that just left.  The men were very much exposed to the Aveather, in consequence of being
several days Avithout huts,  and many  of them being  Avithout blankets,  Avhich they had  lost  during the  action, or left  in
their old camp.  The  site of the hospital Avas very  good, and there Avas an ample supply of  excellent Avater.   We continued
at  this place  until the 29th of March, having an average of one hundred and twenty-one sick and Avounded constantly
under treatment.  During the month of March, one thousand and twenty-six patients were admitted;  of these, three hundred
and eighty Avere Avounded on the 29th and 30th at Lewis's farm, Virginia. The prevailing diseases  during the month Avere
typhoid fever and diarrhoea.   There were eleven deaths; four from gunshot wounds and four from typhoid fever.  On the "i'.tth
the hospital was removed to the Spain house, and the Avounded from  the engagement at  LeAvis's farm were here  received
dressed, and sent to the depot hospital.  The hospital was again broken up on the 2d of April, and remained packed in wagons,
following the  troops during the retreat of General  Lee's  army from  Petersburg to Appomattox  Court-house, Virginia.  The
sick were retained and carried in the ambulances, receiving medical attention as if they had been in division hospital. On
the 10th of April, enough tents were pitched near Appomattax Court-house to accommodate all the sick and wounded on hand
in  the division.  From this place they were shipped in a day or two to Farmville.   The hospital was broken up and we moved
again on the 15th, and, on the 22d, established the hospital near Wilson's Station, Southside railroad; it remained in  operation
until the 29th.  There were admitted, during the  month of April,  three hundred and tAventy-four  patients, of Avhom, one
hundred  and  fifty-eight Avere Avounded.   Deaths during  the month, three;  one of diphtheria, one of diarrhoea, and one  of
typhoid fever.  The prevailing disease  during  this month was diarrhoea, attributable, to a great extent, to the imperfect food,
and defective  cooking."      *      *       *
CLXI.  Extract from the Report of the Surgeon-in-chief of the Second Division, Fifth Corps,
     from  November  1, 1861,  to April 30, 1865.   By T.  M. Flandrau, Surgeon  146th New
      York Volunteers.
      *  *  *  " On the 1st of November, 1864, the hospital  of this  division was at Parke's Station, where it had been
established in August, after the battle of the Weldon railroad.  While on the Weldon raid, from December 5 to December
11, 1864, the division Avas accompanied by part of the ambulance train and medicine wagons, the hospital remaining at Parke's
Station.  At the battle of Hatcher's Run, February 6, 1865, the hospital  was advanced from Parke's Station to the Cummings
house, near Humphrey's Station, where one hundred and seventy-six wounded were admitted.  It was then removed to the
vicinity of the Chapel house, where it remained until the commencement of the spring campaign.  On the 29th of March, the
hospital accompanied the troops  on the advance, and was pitched near  Gravelly Run, on the Quaker or Military Telegraph
road.   April 1st, it was moved to the Methodist church near the Five Forks.  Three hundred and fifty wounded Avere admitted
and treated during the  engagement in this neighborhood.  On the 3d of April, we followed the corps in pursuit of the defeated
and retreating enemy, the hospital being established on the 9th of April near Appomattox  Court-house, where it remained until
April  15th, and  then Avas moved to Nottoway Court-house, where it was  on  the 30th.  During the heavy marches made this
month, a large number  of sick and Avounded were transported and treated in the  ambulances. From November 1, 1864, to
April  30, 1865, inclusive, one thousand tAvo hundred and sixty-eight sick, and six hundred and seventy-one  Avounded were
admitted to the hospital of this division.  Of these,  one thousand four hundred and  ninety-four were sent to general hospital,
and forty-nine died."     *       *       *
CLXIL   Extract from the Report of the Surgeon-in-chief of the Third Division, Fifth  Corps,
     from November 1,1861, to April 30,1865.   By YV\ O. McDonald, Surgeon U. S. Volunteers.

      *  *  *  " The division was encamped during the month of November near the Aikin house, where it remained until
about December 6th, when, after  being relieved by the Sixth Corps, the command started on the expedition to Bellefield,
returning to camp near the McCamm house on or about the 12th.  During this period no action occurred.  The total number
of men requiring medical treatment was tAvo thousand seven hundred and seventy-one, of whom eighty cases belonged to Class V.
Three  hundred and  eighty-one Avere sent to  general hospital, and  seven  died.  The  command remained encamped on the
Jerusalem plank road from the middle of December, 1864, to the first week in February, 1865, when the  battle of Hatcher's
Run Avas fought, after which the division encamped  near the Wyatt house.   During this period the total number under medical
treatment was five thousand one hundred and four, of whom six hundred and eighty-one belonged to Class V.   Seven hundred
and thirty-nine Avere sent to general hospital, and fifty-five died.  At Hatcher's Run  some five hundred and twenty-one men
Avere Avounded, and the following operations were reported as  having been performed: Twenty amputations, major and minor;
four exsections, and eight operations of lesser importance.  The division remained in camp near the Wyatt house until the end
of March, when it participated in the battles of Gravelly Run and at  Five Forks;  then in the pursuit, ending on April 9th, at
Appomattox Court-house, where it remained three or four days; then moving back to  Burkesville, and from thence to Black
and White Station on April 30th.  During this final  epoch, the total number of men receiving medical treatment Avas five
thousand two  hundred and  sixty-three, of whom  six hundred and  eighty-five belonged to Class V. Eight hundred and
seventy-six Avere sent to general hospital, and  forty-one died.  Of the above total,  six hundred and two were Avounded in the
battles at Gravelly Run, March  31st,  and at Five Forks on April 1st, 2d and  3d. Operations were reported  as follows:
Forty amputations, major and minor; two exsections, and ten of lesser importance."      *      *      * 
REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS HAYNES  AND PAGE.
215
CLXIII.  Extracts from  the Report of the  Surgeon of  the Artillery  Brigade,  Fifth  Corps.
     By  C. F. Hay.ne8, Surgeon  U.  S. Volunteers.

      *  *  *   "F-om the 1st of November, 1864, to the  28th of March,  1865, this brigade was engaged  in  the siege of
Petersburg, Virginia, occupying a camp site near the Weldon railroad, Avhich Avas the best obtainable in the vicinity of the line
of operations.  The place was elevated, but too flat to permit proper drainage, and the soil, which was thin and sandy, reposed
on a substratum of clay, so that it was generally damp.  Log huts Avere erected in sufficient number to accommodate the men.
They Avere covered Avith shelter tents, and, with tAvo exceptions, were  heated  by open fires.  These  exceptions occurred in
Battery "B," 4th U. S. Artillery, and in Battery "E," 1st New York Artillery, in both of which the meii used Sibley stoves.  *  *
During the active movements of the Fifth Corps a part of the  brigade only participated, rarely ever more than three batteries
at a time, until  the grand movement on the 28th of March, 1865.  In  all movements  prior to that date the batteries were
assigned to divisions,  from  Avhich they obtained medical attendance, so that  the  hospital of the brigade remained before
Petersburg, Virginia, with the greater portion of the command.  This hospital Avas located at Parke's Station, near to the Aikin
house, at a point quite central to batteries.  It consisted of  three hospital tents and tent flies, pitched upon ground favorable
for drainage  and ventilation, where pure Avater Avas obtained  by sinking a deep Avell.  It was  heated by a brick fireplace on
the north side of the middle tent, the three tents being arranged end to end, forming a continuous ward.  This ward contained
tAventy beds,  raised upon bunks tAvo feet wide and one foot apart. A passage two feet in Avidth ran through the centre.  The
ground being hard, it Avas not thought necessary to construct a floor.  Ventilation was effected by  separating the flaps at each
end by a cross  stick.  The dispensary Avas built of logs and  covered by  a tent fly.  Ample supplies were drawn monthly from
the medical purveyor at City Point.  The kitchen was  built  like the dispensary, and divided into two apartments, one used as
a cook room and the other as a dining room.  *  *   The  attendants, eight in number, occupied four log huts.  The hospital
grounds were neatly enclosed by a fence and evergreens, and were at all times thoroughly policed.   The burial ground adjoining
the  hospital Avas neatly enclosed.   At.the head of  each grave a board was placed, upon Avhich was legibly  engraved the full
name, rank, regiment and battery of the deceased.   The hospital made its first movement with  the  division  hospitals of the
Fifth Corps on  the 29th of March, 1865, to the Spain house,  on the Quaker road, where  it bivouacked and assisted in the care
of the Avounded of the  1st division.  *   *   April 9th, the hospital  was established at Appomattox Court-house, where it
remained until  April 15th.  *  *   The brigade had a mean  aggregate strength of one thousand six hundred  men, until it was
separated on the 28th  of March.   After this it numbered about seven hundred men, six  batteries having been transferred to
the artillery reserve before Petersburg.  It has usually had a surgeon-in-chief, a surgeon attending sick in hospital, a surgeon
attending  sick  in quarters, and one hospital  steAvard.   Five hundred and fifty-seven sick and seventy-six Avounded were
received  into hospital during the  period  embraced in this report.  Of these, three hundred and twenty-one were returned to
duty, one hundred and  tAvo sent to general hospital,  one furloughed, one deserted, tAvo discharged and six died."   *     *    *
 CLXIY.   Extracts from the Report of the  Medical Director of the Second Corps for March
      and April, 1865.   By Surgeon Charles Page,  U. S. Army.
      *  *  *  "On the 29th of March, 1865, the Second Corps broke camp from its entrenched position, and moved to the
 left, by the Vaughan road, across Hatcher's Run, taking position Avith its right resting on Hatcher's Run and its left extending
 to the Quaker road, near its junction Avith the Bovdton plank road.  No casualties from battle occurred on the da}- of the
 movement. The hospitals were moved to the  left bank of Hatcher's Run, at the crossing of the Vaughan road, and parked.
 The ambulance trains were parked  at the same place, with the exception of six  ambulances to each division, which were to
 accompany the troops as closely as the nature of the roads and  country would  permit.  On the 30th, the line  being advanced,
 the hospital and ambulance trains were  brought over the  stream, and the 2d and 3d division hospitals Avere  established at a
 point on the Vaughan road known as the Chimneys.  The site chosen for the 1st division hospital was at a house about two
 miles from the junction of the Boydton plank road and the Quaker road, nearly in rear of the centre of the 1st division; but owing
 to bad roads, it was not established until the morning of tbe 31st.  No casualties occurred on this day.  The morning of the 31st
 of March found the position of troops someAvhat changed; the 1st division had extended to the left, and the 3d division occupied
 the lines  held by it the day before.  It was necessary to move the 3d division hospital to the immediate vicinity of that of the
 1st division; the latter was not disturbed, as it was yet quite convenient to the line of battle.  The 3d division hospital Avas
 late in getting its position OAving to  bad roads.   The wounded  during the day  numbered as follows: 1st division, tAvo hundred
 and ninety-four;  2d division, seventeen; 3d division, seventy-four;  artillery brigade, tAvo; total, three hundred and eighty-eight..
 All were in hospital and attended to during the night.   April  1st, the troops of this  corps Avere not engaged, and no Avounded
 were brought to the rear.  The wounded already in hospital were sent to Humphrey's Station, to be transferred to the depot
 hospital at City Point.  On the 2d of April, the corps  being expected to advance, the hospitals were made ready to move at
 daylight.  The 1st division hospital moved to the Moody house, near the Five Forks, and received tAvo hundred and tAvelve
 wounded. The 2d division hospital moved by the Squirrel Level  road to the Boydton plank road, and across the country to
 the Cox road, encamping in the neighborhood  of its division, and receiving during the day three wounded.  The  3d division
 hospital moved up the Boydton plank road  toward  Petersburg, and camped with its  division, receiving  during  the day
 fifty-seven wounded. The artillery brigade hospital accompanied  the 3d division  hospital, but had no wounded to care for.
 The total number of wounded  during the day Avas  two hundred and seventy-two.  April 3d, the wounded Avere all sent to
 Petersburg for transportation to City Point, and the hospital followed the corps on its march after the  enemy.  The  march
 continued on  the Namozine road to Jetersville without any occurrence of importance until the morning of the 6th of April,
 Avhen  the corps struck the rear of the enemy near  Amelia Springs.  A running fight occurred during the day,  resulting in
forty-one wounded from the 1st division and one hundred and fifty from the 3d; total, one hundred and ninety-one.   A hospital 
216                  APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC,   1S65.

for the 1st division was temporarily established at Amelia Springs, and  moved forAvard late in  the afternoon to a position near
the corps.  The 3d division hospital was established at the Vaughan house, two miles Avest of Amelia Springs.   The corns
moved during the day over ten miles, the advance skirmish lines fighting the enemy's rear guard at every hill on the road for
the greater part of the way.  The wounded from the 1st division had necessarily to be conveyed far to the rear, before it could
be arranged to move the  hospital nearer  the advancing line.  The 3d division hospital soon became so  full  as  to make it
impossible to transport the wounded when the hospital Avas moved, and arrangements were made to keep them at the Vau«han
house, until  they could be removed.   On the 7th  of April, the corps crossed the  Appomattox  at High Bridge, where there
was a slight skirmish, to the heights northeast of Farmville, where the enemy Avas found entrenched. The wounded of the
1st division  from  the engagement of the 6th, together with a few wounded at High Bridge, Avere sent by Rice's  Station to
Burkesville.  After crossing the  Appomattox, and  late in  the  afternoon, the hospitals of all the divisions were established
at the Brooks house, and received during the day and night the following numbers of Avounded: 1st  division, one hundred and
forty-seven; 2d division,  twenty-four;  3d division, forty-one;  total,  two hundred  and twelve.   April 8th, the  enemy was
found to have abandoned his entrenched position, and the corps  advanced on his line of retreat Avithout coming up to him till
midnight. The Avounded  of the  previous day were sent to Burkesville  in  the morning, and  the hospitals ordered forward
to join the  corps.  The supply train of the corps arrived in  the  night, and the  empty wagons were sent to take  up the
wounded at the Vaughan  house  and convey them  to  Burkesville.    I have since  learned that they had  been removed by
ambulances of the Ninth Corps before the wagons reached them.  On the 9th, the corps advanced a few miles, and was halted
before reaching the enemy's lines to await the result of the negotiations betAveen the  generals, Avhich resulted in the surrender
of the army of northern  Virginia.  *   *  The rapidity of our movement, and the extent of country travelled over, rendered
it necessary during this campaign to send the wounded from the field hospitals as speedily as possible, and  the distance of the
army depot made it difficult to dispose of them, and retain, at the same time, a sufficient number of ambulances  for duty Avith
the corps.  All the wounded sent to the rear were accompanied Avith the necessary surgical attendance and supplies, and I
believe that no suffering Avas experienced that could possibly have been avoided."       #      #      *
 CLXV.   Extracts from the Report of the Medical Inspector of the Second Corps for March
      and April,  1865.   By Assistant Surgeon C. Smart, U. S. Army.
       #   *  *  "Curing the greater part of the month of March this corps lay in camp in rear of the line of Avorks stretching
 from Fort Cummings to Hatcher's Run, at  the Vaughan crossing.   *   *  The division  hospitals were  situated at Patrick's
 Station.   Early in the month, in expectation  of the commencement of the spring campaign, the medicine wagons, and the boxes
 of the ambulances, Avere well stocked Avith field supplies drawn from the purveyor at City Point.   With the view of avoiding the
 recurrence of what happened at Reams's  Station and on the  Boydton road, Avhere, Avhile the engagement Avas in progress, all
 the medicine Avagons were, by order, lying in park  many miles in rear, the surgeons-in-chief of the  2d and 3d divisions had
 recourse to a plan which they hoped would enable them to provide for the wounded even during the temporary absence of their
 Autenrieth and Perot Avagons.  They caused the boxes of several of the  ambulances to  be filled with  battle-field supplies:
 chloroform, morphine, lint, plaster, rollers, and whisky, instead of the beef stock and hard bread directed by the supply table.
 The ambulances so loaded were marked, and the ambulance officer directed to take them along in all movements in which a
 portion of the hospital train, only, was permitted to accompany the troops.  About this time, also, the medical transportation
 of the corps was  ordered to be reduced from  forty-four Avagons to thirty-seven.  But thirty of these were available for carrying-
 medical supplies, seven being used as forage Avagons for the ambulance train. In consequence of this reduction of transportation,
 it became necessary to turn over a portion of the medical supplies to the purveyor, and care was taken to retain those articles
 wliich Avould be most serviceable during active operations.  As a further preparation for active operations, an application was
 made, by the acting medical director, to have the drummers and musicians of the command report to the  surgeon in charge of
 the field hospital at the commencement of the campaign.  This application was  approved and the surgeon in charge was directed
 to place them under command of the line officer attached to his hospital, who, Avith the assistance of two or three non-commis-
 sioned officers, was expected to maintain discipline, and Avhen  work of any  description Avas to be performed, to superintend its
 performance.  During the  campaign of  1864, although it had been  ordered that during  engagements the drummer boys and
 musicians should  report  to the hospital for duty, but few of them did so in the 2d and 3d divisions, the majority straggling over
 the country and doing as they pleased, there  being none to exercise any authority over them.  The  services  of those that did
 report Avere of little value, since no one was specially charged  with the duty of directing them;  in fact they were looked upon
 rather as an incumbrance than as a help.  In the 1st division, however, they  had been better  organized  and disciplined,  and
 were, consequently, found more useful both in doing guard duty and in acting as stretcher bearers Avhen necessary.  It was
 this experience Avhich  suggested the arrangement now ordered.  On the 14th of March, a  telegram from  the medical director
 of the army ordered the immediate removal of all those unable to accompany the command on a march, to the depot hospital at
 City Point, and it was further ordered that in future the hospitals should  be  kept in as  mobile a condition  as possible.  In
 accordance Avith these  orders on the 15th, 16th and 17th of March, there were sent to the rear seven hundred and seventy-nine
 sick and seventy-one Avounded.  A large proportion  of the sick Avere trivial cases, and many of them  were returned  to their
regiments for duty in the course of a few days.   Very early on the morning of the 25th, the enemy assaulted Fort Steadman on
the right of the Petersburg front.  They captured it, but were subsequently  driven out of the Avork.  *  *  At nine o'clock a . M.,
 the  Second Corps  moved out of the fortifications and advanced westAvard, in line of battle, for about a mile, Avhen the works of
 the enemy were discovered, and a brigade of  the 3d division Avas sent forAvard to charge the first line of rifle-pits.   These they
 carried, losing but very few men in the assault.   The wounded were speedily conveyed to Patrick's Station, Avhere a couple of
tents Avere pitched to accommodate them.   An active picket firing Avas kept up till about midday, but the  casualties were very
feAV.  At noon a second successful attack was made  by the 3d division  upon  another line of rifle-pits.  After  this, the picket 
%
                         REPORT  OF  ASSISTANT  SURGEON  C.  SMART,  U.  S.  A.                     217

firing became particularly sharp, and continued so  during the afternoon, until quarter after four o'clock, when the enemy,
having massed in front of Miles's division, assaulted his line Avith great vigor.  The fighting Avas  sharp, and at first chiefly
along that portion of the line held by the Irish brigade, but it gradually extended toAvard the  left, implicating the whole of the
3d division and one or two regiments on the right of the  2d.  A brisk musketry fire was kept up for about two  hours, and it
was past eight o'clock in the evening Avhen the enemy ceased to reneAV his attempts to break the line.  During the course of the
afternoon, the Sixth Corps on our right assaulted the enemy's entrenched picket line.  As usual during an engagement, all the
medical officers but those attached to the  division field  hospital  reported  at the points where the stretcher bearers of each
brigade transferred the Avounded to the ambulances, and  rendered such aid to the Avounded as Avas necessary before sending
them to the rear.  The ambulance corps worked zealously;  and very shortly after the  termination of the engagement, had all
the Avounded lodged at Patrick's Station, Avhere the hospitals  had been established.  The surgeons in  charge were instructed
that their patients must be ready to be moved  to City Point by ten o'clock  next  morning, and that immediately after their
departure the establishments Avere to be made ready for a  sudden movement.  In this  affair the Second Corps had sixty-four
men killed, and four hundred and forty-four Avounded Avere admitted into the field hospitals, viz.: 1st division, thirty-five killed,
two hundred and eighty-six wounded; 2d division, four  killed, twenty-nine wounded; 3d division, twenty-four killed, one
hundred and tAventy-nine wounded; artillery brigade, one  killed.   No casualties occurred in the medical or ambulance depart-
ment.  Cars reported at Patrick's Station at noon next day, and by one o'clock p. M., all the wounded were on their way to City
'Point.  All had been attended to, every operation deemed necessary performed, and every wound dressed before the departure
of the train.  On the 26th, the troops  retired  from the line of captured rifle-pits  to within the fortifications, where they lay
quietly until the morning of the 29th.   On the 28th, the command was  again placed  under marching orders.   The sick and
wounded, one hundred and forty-tAvo in number, Avere sent to City Point, and the hospitals at Patrick's Station Avere in readiness to
move after the troops.  Special requisitions, filled by the medical purveyor, had replaced the supplies expended during the fight
on the 25th.  At six o'clock on the morning of the 29th, the 2d division moved across Hatcher's Run on tbe Vaughan road, and
Avas folloAved by the 3d and 1st. The forenoon was spent in arranging the line of battle, and in making connections  with the
Fifth Corps on the left and the TAventy-fourth on the right.  The line extended east and west, from the Quaker road to Hatcher's
Run, north of the Vaughan crossing.  The 1st division Avas on the left and the 2d on the right.  In the afternoon, while the Fifth
Corps engaged the enemy, our line Avas pushed forward some distance, but Avithout meeting any opposition.   On the following
morning, notwithstanding the heavy rain Avhich  fell Avithout intermission during  the day,  the  advance in line  of battle was
continued through dense undergrowth and swamps until a position was reached stretching from the Twenty-fourth Corps, on
Hatcher's Run, Avestward by Crow's house, north of the Dabney Mill road, crossing that road about a quarter of a mile from its
termination in the Boydton plank road, and connecting Avith the right of the Fifth Corps at Mrs. Rainey's, in the angle formed by
the junction of the Quaker and Boydton roads.   * *  In the order of march, published for the morning of the 29th, it was directed
that one medicine Avagon and one army Avagon to each brigade, and one-half of the ambulances should accompany the troops,
and that each train should follow in rear of its division, but as the road was narroAV and a rapid movement into line of battle
expected, this order Avas modified, the trains being directed to remain on the left bank of Hatcher's Run until all the troops and
artillery had crossed.   After the troops had formed into line of battle, half a dozen ambulances were sent forAvard to the imme-
diate rear of each division, while the hospital organization remained at the Cummings house, where it was intended the hospital
should be established if a fight took place.  On  the  morning of the 30th,  however,  the advance of tbe  troops rendered  a
corresponding advance, on the part of the trains, necessary.  They were accordingly moved over to the west side of the run and
parked to aAvait events.   The 2d and 3d divisions at the  Chimneys, the remains of a house in an open space, Avhere  the  road
leading to Dabney's mills leaves the Vaughan road, and the 1st at  a wooden building on the main road, betAveen the Chimneys
and the crossing over Gravelly Run.  Late in the evening  of the 29th, twenty of our ambulances were sent to the field hospital
of the Fifth Corps to aid in conveying the wounded of  that command to Humphreys's Station.  On the succeeding day about  a
hundred Avounded cavalrymen, belonging to General Sheridan's command, were admitted to the 2d division hospital, dressed,
and then conveyed across the  run for railroad  transportation to City Point. Very early on the morning of the 31st, as the
enemy was discovered in heavy force in front of the Fifth Corps, the 1st division of the Second Corps was moved to the left to
support them, the 2d and 3d divisions extending to the left to  occupy the vacated part of the line.  The hospital of the 1st
division was directed to move forward from the Vaughan road to a clearing about half a  mile distant from the Dabney Mill road
on the north, and the  Quaker  road on the  west. At noon, immediately after the hospital train had reached this  point, the 1st
division became heavily engaged, and at two o'clock P. M., the 3d  division participated to some extent.  The wounded were
brought off the field Avith great promptness.  The hospital train of the 3d division was  ordered, at midday, to move to  some
spot near the position occupied by  the 1st, but it was nearly midnight before it succeeded in reaching this point, The Vaughan
road and the wood roads were in a miserable condition, on account of the heavy rains of the previous day, and, moreover,  they
were blocked up by ammunition and other heavy wagons,  which had found  them  impassable, until roughly corduroyed.   The
wounded of the 3d division, however, did not suffer from  the absence of these wagons.  They were treated at the 1st division
hospital by the medical officers of their own division until the arrival of the train permitted an establishment of their own to
be formed.  The 2d division hospital remained at the Chimneys, as this position Avas  still near enough to the part of the line
held by the troops of that division.   The number of  killed, and of wounded received into field hospital, was reported as follows:
1st division, forty-three killed,  two hundred and ninety-four wounded; 2d division, eighteen wounded; 3d division, four killed,
seventy-four wounded; artillery briagde, tAvo wounded; total, forty-seven killed, three hundred and eighty-eight wounded.   No
casualties occurred in the medical or ambulance department.  In the afternoon, arrangements were made for the transportation
of the wounded to City Point.   The medical officers were instructed to have all operations performed and every  case attended
to and ready to be sent to the rear by the following daybreak.  The reserve train of ambulances  were sent for to  carry the
wounded to Warren's Station where a train of cars was  expected to be ready at nine o'clock in the morning of the 1st of April, to
convey them to City Point.  *   *   It  Avas  not, however, until about ten o'clock on the morning of the 1st, that the ambulances
succeeded in reaching the field hospitals.   They had experienced much delay on account of the condition of the roads.  By the
         28 
e
218                  APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC,  1865.

time they arrived the wounded had all been properly cared for.   They Avere immediately loaded up and sent to the railroad
station.  In the meantime some changes were taking place in the position of the  troops.  The Fifth corps moved off to the left
toward the Five Forks, Avhile the Second  extended toAvard the left to hold the portion of the line  thus left unguarded.  Nn
fighting took place during the day, but toward evening and during the succeeding night, heavy cannonading and occasional
musketry fire Avas heard before Petersburg and near Five  Forks, and, at times, the right and left of the Second Corps line Avas
engaged.
       At eight o'clock A. M., April 2d, an advance  of part of the 3d division line was ordered, with the effect of driving the
enemy from his advanced works in the neighborhood of Burgess's mills.   This was followed, as was subsequently discovered
by the evacuation of his main line of works.   No sooner was this discovered than the Second Corps was started in pursuit.
The 1st division on the left moved toward the Cox  road, skirmishing very heavily.  The 3d division advanced along the
Boydton road toAvard Petersburg, near which it formed a line connecting the left of the  Sixth Corps  Avith the Appomattox
river;  the  hospital of this division followed in the rear of the troops, and was established at a suitable point on the road in
rear of the line.   The 2d division, accompanied by  its  field hospital, moved from the position in front  of Dabney's mills to the
Boydton road, and thence along the Cox road to Wells's church, where it settled for the night near the bivouac of the 1st division.
The ambulances and hospital train of the 1st division had followed the troops, carrying the wounded along as they picked
them  up, until the train being loaded,  they were compelled to  halt at Moody's house, where  a  field  hospital Avas formed.
During the afternoon and evening, all the wounded of the 1st division, two hundred  and sixteen in number, were carried to
this place.  Fifty-nine were received into the hospital of the 3d division, and eight into that of the 2d  division, making a total
of two hundred and eighty-three wounded on the 2d of April.  Early on the morning of the 3d, part of the reserve ambulances
having returned from Warren's Station, a train was formed to carry the wounded to Petersburg for railroad transportation to
City Point.  About the same time, the 3d division joined the main body of the corps at Wells's church, and the whole command
followed by the hospital wagons and the few ambulances which could be spared, moved westward along the  Nainozine road.  The
corps camped for the night near Namozine church.  On the following morning the march was resumed,  but before proceeding
far the cavalry divisions, with  their trains, blocked up the road in front and impeded  our progress.  The corps encamped on
Deep Run.  At midnight, we were again on the move,  and again the cavalry and trains interfered with the advance.  By eight
o'clock A. m., the road Avas clear and the corps pushed on to Jetersville, Avhich was reached early in the afternoon.  A position
was here assumed on the left of the Fifth Corps, and  temporary works were thrown  up.   On the morning of the 6th, these
works Avere abandoned, and an advance  toward Amelia Court-house was  commenced,  in progress of which, near the  Sulphur
Springs, the rear of the enemy's column was found.  This changed the direction  and  manner of the march.  A line of battle
Avas formed, and  the enemy was pursued  through  Deatonsville, toward High Bridge on the Appomattox.  Skirmishing with
their rear Avas kept up till  eight o'clock P.  M., when the corps bivouacked on Sailor's Creek, where a large portion of the rebel
Avagon and ambulance train had been captured. The hospital of the 1st division Avas established early in the day at Amelia
Springs, those of the 2d and 3d divisions at the Vaughan house,  about a mile from this.  Sixty wounded were collected at the
hospital of the 1st division, and one hundred and seventy at that of the 3d division, making a total of two hundred and thirty.
Of these, a dozen belonged to the  cavalry, and twenty-five were rebels.  The 2d division had no wounded. In the evening, all
the ambulances that could be spared from the advance reported at the hospitals, to  carry as many of the wounded as possible to
Burke's Station, where a depot  hospital had been  formed.  Medical officers, with supplies and attendants, were left with the
remainder.  On the following morning, the rear of the  enemy was again struck at High Bridge, and skirmishing recommenced,
continuing, with more or less activity, until about  nine o'clock P. M., when the corps bivouacked near Farmville, on the right
of the army, the 2d division on the right of the corps front, the 1st division in the centre, and the 3d division connecting with
the right of the Sixth Corps.   During the early part of this day's running fight no hospitals were established, but the wounded
were carried along after the advance until near  Farmville, Avhere the  enemy made a determined stand.  On  this the field
hospitals were established, about a mile and a half in rear of the line of battle,  at the Brooks 'house.  The cases  received
numbered as follows: 1st division, one hundred and fifty; 2d division, twenty-four; 3d division, thirty-five; total, two hundred
and nine.  These were operated on during the night,  and, in the morning, dispatched to the depot at Burkesville, in a train
consisting of ambulances belonging to the  Ninth Corps, some of which had been captured from the rebels, and a few of those
belonging to this command.  In the meantime, the enemy having evacuated his Farmville  defences, the troops were advancing
in  pursuit through Buckingham  County,  hut they did not overtake the enemy so as  to engage him.  At midnight they
bivouacked about a mile Avest of New Store.  After settling in camp for the night, commissary stores were issued, and in the
morning, the empty Avagons Avere started for the Vaughan house to carry the wounded left there on the afternoon of the 6th by
the 3d division, to Burke's Station. But, as  was  afterward ascertained, these wagons were  not required, some ambulances
belonging to the Ninth Corps  having already transported the wounded from that point to  the depot.  On the 9th, no fighting
took place on account of the negotiations then in progress between the commanders of the two armies, which terminated on
the afternoon of that day in the surrender of the enemy.   According to the regimental reports, the casualties during the month
were as follows:  Killed;  1st division, eighty-six; 2d division, seven; 3d division, forty-nine; total, one hundred and forty-two.
Wounded; 1st division, four hundred and eighty-one; 2d division, thirty-four; 3d division, two hundred and  seventy-six;
artillery brigade, seven; total, seven hundred and ninety-eight.  If to these are added the casualties of March 31st, the losses of
the corps, during the campaign, will amount to one hundred and eighty-nine killed, and one thousand  one hundred and eighty-
six Avounded.   On the 11th, as the  troops were under orders to move to Burkesville, the few severe cases of sickness in the
command were placed in ambulances and sent on ahead, that they might avoid the  fatigues and delays incident to transportation
in the rear of their commands.  On the  morning of the 12th, the march was commenced,  and on the afternoon of the 14th, the
corps went into camp in the angle formed by the Lynchburg road and that leading to Danville.  The  3d division formed camp
near the former road, the 1st division near the latter, while the 2d division occupied the centre.  The march to this place Avas
very fatiguing.  The delays experienced on account of the bad character of the roads, the labor required to improve them, and
the exposure to the rain Avhich fell almost  unremittingly during the march, had considerable influence in inducing the increased 
«
                   REPORT OF  CAPTAIN  J. G. PELTON,  CHIEF  OF  AMBULANCES.               219

sickness in the command, Avhich showed itself immediately after settling in camp.   The men encamped under  shelter tents
which they raised from the ground on uprights about a foot  and a half high.  The bunk or bed place in each Avas  likewise
raised.  Those regiments Avhich encamped in the  open ground Avhere there was no shade, built arbors over their quarters for
protection from the heat.  The 1st division had an excellent location on an  irregular  site, Avith good natural  drainage, and an
abundant supply of good Avater.  The soil of the  camp site of the 2d division Avas more retentive of moisture and good Avater
was scarce.   The different regimental commands dug  Avells, but the water, which was obtained at no great distance from
tbe surface, was not clear, and, except Avhen freshly drawn, had a surface water taste.  The 3d division Avas encamped in a
belt of woods; Avater Avas plentiful and good in the ravines.   The division field hospitals were established on  good sites in the
vicinity of their commands.  During  the remainder of the month there was an  increase of sickness in the corps, not so much in
the number taken sick as in the gravity of the cases.  The cases of diarrhoea,  Avhich was the prevailing disease,  became very
obstinate, and Avere accompanied Avith very great and rapidly increasing prostration, resembling the disease as seen during the
Peninsular campaign of 1862.   The fatigue of recent active  service, and the bad Avater in the second division had, no doubt,
their influence in producing this condition, but I attribute it chiefly to the lack  of a proper supply of vegetables.  Since the
camps near Hatcher's Run were broken up there had been issued but one or  two rations of potatoes and a  small quantity of
beans  to a portion of the command.  Nevertheless, no well marked cases of scurvy are recorded by  the medical officers, except
in one or tAvo  instances of men  recently returned from  southern prisons.   Next to  the diarrhoea, in order of importance, was
pneumonia, and in the 2d  division hospital a number of cases of measles were treated, the disease  having  been brought to
camp by some recruits.  *  *   On the 20th,  a train of twelve ambulances was dispatched to Amelia Court-house with supplies
for some Avounded rebels quartered there,  with orders to transport such of them, as Avere in proper condition to endure it, to the
Farmville hospital.  On  the 29th, the Confederate hospital at Farmville, now under charge of Surgeon  O.  Evans, 40th NeAV
York,  having  been placed under the  control of the medical  director of the Second  Corps, a train of ambulances was sent to
carry to their homes, in the vicinity of Petersburg, a hundred of the inmates, Avho were so far recovered from their wounds as
to be able to travel.  They were brought to Burkesville and  placed in the cars for  Petersburg.  On the same  night, three
thousand rations Avere sent out to supply the necessities of those still remaining in this hospital, six hundred and fifty in number,
among whom Avere twenty-seven of  our OAvn men, who were unable to  be  removed on  account of the character  of their
Avounds."      *      *       *
 CLXYI.   Extracts from  the Report of the Operations of the  Ambulance  Corps of the Second
      Corps during March  and April, 1865.   By Captain J. G-.  Pelton, Chief of Ambulances.
      *  *  *  " On the evening of March 27th,  orders Avere received to be ready to move at six o'clock on the folloAving
 morning with one-half of the ambulances of each division, one medicine wagon and one army wagon to each brigade, and one
 additional Avagon to each division for the transportation of forage.  They were ordered to  follow in the rear of their respective
 divisions, the balance of the corps trains  being ordered to be parked near the Cummings house, in charge of Lieutenant
 McCarthy of the 1st division train.  His instructions were to report to the chief quartermaster of the corps and accompany the
 general  trains.  On the morning of the 28th, the trains moved out on the Vaughan road in accordance with orders received,
 but upon arriving at Humphreys's Station it Avas found that the corps had not as yet moved out, consequently the trains were
 parked in the open field near the station until  the troops moved..  At the crossing of Hatcher's Run it Avas found that it would
 be impracticable for the trains to follow in  the rear of their division, as the roads were narrow,  and it  was not exactly known
 how soon the  enemy would be found.  At the request of Major General Humphreys, the trains were therefore halted and
 parked in an open field on the north bank of the stream until the  corps had crossed;  the stretcher-men, however, crossed
 with their commands.   On the 29th, the trains Avere ordered to cross,  and, in accordance with orders, parked at a place knoAvn
 as the Three Chimneys, where a  hospital was  established.   During its  stay at this place all  the  drivers were  engaged in
 building roads to the front.  On the evening of the 30th, orders were received to send twenty ambulances to assist the Fifth
 Corps in removing their wounded.  Twenty-one were sent, and Lieutenant Lillebridge of the 2d division train was detailed to
 take command, assisted by a sergeant from each division train.  He reached the Fifth Corps hospital  a little before daylight
 on the morning of the 31st, loaded his ambulances, and proceeded to Humphreys's Station.  After unloading the wounded, he
 rejoined his command on the evening of the 31st.   During the afternoon of the 31st, Lieutenant Callanen of the  2d division
 train received orders from Medical Director McParlin to remove the wounded  of the cavalry which Avere at that  time in the
 2d division hospital.  For this purpose seventeen ambulances Avere sent to Humphreys's Station.   In the meantime orders were
 given him, in case he needed more ambulances, to send for his reserve train, which he did.   During this  day the  1st division
 was engaged with the enemy.   Ambulances Avere sent to the front, and the Avounded Avere conveyed to the hospitals established
 near the Vaughan road.  Twenty-four ambulances of the 1st division Avere subsequently sent to Warren's Station with wounded,
 under the charge of Lieutenant Clark of the 1st division ambulance corps.  Lieutenant Paxton of the 1st division train also
took ten ambulances  of the 1st division, nine of the 2d division, and  sixteen of the third division, loaded with  Avounded to
 Warren's Station.  April 1st, Lieutenant Clark returned Avith  his train, and folloAved the division with nine ambulances.  On
 the same day, Lieutenant Chase of the 1st division joined the command with twenty-four ambulaces, four medicine Avagons and
five army Avagons.  Lieutenant Paxton also joined the command with the train he had taken to Warren's Station.  April 2d, the
1st division was heavily engaged, and the train employed in removing the Avounded to the hospital Avhich had been established
at the Moody house.  Lieutenant Paxton folloAved the division with nine ambulances to the Sullivan house, near the Southside
railroad, and the whole night Avas  employed in carrying wounded of the  1st division  from the Moody  and Sullivan houses to
the Boydton plank road.  April 3d, Lieutenant Chase,  Avith eight ambulances and the hospital train, joined the division at the
Sullivan house, and followed the  troops.  Lieutenant  Clark, with the remaining thirty-five ambulances and ten of the  3d
division, loaded with Avounded, left the hospital for Warren's Station.  The roads  being very heavy, several animals  died  on 
220                  APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY  OF THE  POTOMAC,  1865.

the march from exhaustion.  April 4th, the remaining train followed in the rear of the corps heavily laden with sick,  April
5th, the trains folloAved the corps Avith sick.  April 6th, broke camp at daylight, and followed the troops to near Amelia Springs,
where they became engaged with the enemy.  The trains Avere immediately ordered to the  Springs.  The wounded of the 1st
and 3d diAdsions Avere brought to the Springs house by the stretcher-bearers until the ambulances arrived, and then it was not
deemed proper to send many ambulances to the front on account of the road being narrow, with a dense woods on each side
and in case of a retrograde movement of the troops, the train Avould of course be in the way.  They therefore remained at the
Springs house until the troops had advanced some miles, Avhen the 1st and 3d divisions Avere engaged with the enemy. The 2d
division being on the extreme right, and finding no enemy, the train of the 2d division Avas ordered to  assist the  1st and 3d
divisions in removing their Avounded.  The corps having advanced several  miles, it Avas found that the number of ambulances
present  Avas not adequate to the demand.   A hospital was  therefore  established for the 2d  and 3d divisions at  the Vaughan
house, which relieved the ambulances and stretcher-men very materially.   The corps still  advanced, and at night encamped
near Sailor's Creek, the trains bringing up the wounded from Amelia Springs, and parking near the corps headquarters.  On
the 7th, Lieutenant Clark of the 1st division train was ordered to proceed with tAventy-seveii  ambulances, loaded with wounded
to Burkesville Junction.  Fifteen ambulances of the 2d division, and all but seven of the ambulances  of the 3d division  Avere
also sent to Burkesville Avith the wounded of the 3d division.   Upon  arriving at High Bridge, quite a number of Avounded were
found belonging to the 2d diAdsion.  These Avere loaded in nine ambulances, which were ordered to join the train  Avhich  had
started for Burkesville half an hour before. The remainder of the train  folloAved the corps.  Upon advancing about a mile
beyond  the Brooks  house, the 1st division became engaged  Avith the  enemy, as did also the 3d division.  During the day  a
hospital Avas  established  at the Brooks  house, and the Avounded were removed to it as speedily as could  be done with the
number of ambulances we had to Avork Avith.  *  *  April 8th, having left  quite a number of Avounded at the Vaughan house,
we Avere informed that the Ninth Corps ambulances had been ordered to  assist us in removing them, whereupon  Lieutenant
Crawley of the 2d division train was ordered to High  Bridge to meet them and conduct them to the  above mentioned house.
In the meantime all the ambulances of the Corps, except eleven, were loaded with wounded at the  Brooks house and sent to
BurkesArille in charge of  Lieutenant Clark of the 1st division.  On the 9th,  the hospital train, with eleven ambulances, Avas
ordered to folloAV in the rear of the corps.  The trains, hoAvever, had scarcely moved out of park before a halt was ordered, it
being announced that the army  of northern Virginia had surrendered."      *       *       *
CLXVI1.   Extracts from the Report  of  the  Medical  Inspector  of the  Ninth   Corps for
      March,  1865.   By Assistant  Surgeon  Samuel Adams, U. S. Army.
      *  *  *   "At half-past four o'clock on the morning of March 25th, the enemy made an assault on the lines at Fort
Steadman.  They moved in three columns: one swept doAvn to the left, toAvard Battery No. 9, one to the right, toAvard Fort
Haskel; Avhile a third moved forward directly toAvard Fort Steadman.   Deserters had been coming in for several nights
previously, bringing their guns and equipments Avith them.  On this  occasion the enemy advanced in squads toward Fort
Steadman, as the deserters had been doing, and by this ruse the  picket line at this  point was enveloped and captured before
the alarm  could be given.   *  *  The  main  line,  however, was alarmed, and the troops  were ready to meet the assault
promptly, but the enemy swept over the parapet and  overpoAvered the garrison of Battery No. 10, killing and  capturing the
cannoniers at their guns.  They then pushed forward  to Fort Steadman, capturing its guns and the garrison, composed of one
battalion of the 14th New York Heavy Artillery.  After thus breaking through the lines, they came upon the camps of the 57th
and 29th Massachusetts, and of the 100th Pennsylvania, driving them from their  quarters,  and pushing forward their line
of skirmishers to the road and hills in rear of Fort Steadman, nearly as far as Meade's Station.  The 57th Massachusetts fell
back and reformed, acting as skirmishers.  General Wilcox sent the  17th Michigan and  the 200th and 209th Pennsylvania to
oppose the enemy's advance toward Meade's Station, and the 1st brigade of the 3d division was ordered down from the left of the
line at a double quick.  General  Hartranft, with three regiments, now made  an attack to check the further  advance of the
enemy, but was obliged to fall back and act on the defensive, the enemy being in too great numbers.  The 200th Pennsylvania
lost one hundred men  in this attack.  The enemy now moved up along the works and captured Battery No. 11,  and  turned its
guns, Avith those of the other forts, upon our troops.   The  attention of our artillery Was mainly directed to Fort Steadman, on
which the guns from Forts Haskel and McGilverey poured a very destructive fire.  Batteries were also posted on the hills near
Meade's Station, and Fort Friend and the Dunn house battery opened  upon the advancing  rebels and  the captured forts.  The
1st brigade, 3d division, now came up, and General Parke sent a dispatch to General Hartranft to retake the forts.  The division
formed in line of battle, with the 17th Michigan and  57th  Massachusetts.  *  *  The enemy was driven from the  forts with
heavy loss.  His force had consisted of three divisions of infantry, under the command of Major General Gordon.  They lost
about two hundred killed and nineteen hundred and forty-nine prisoners.  In the 2d brigade, 1st division of the Ninth Corps,
thirty-six men were killed and six hundred and forty-eight Avounded or captured; in the  3d  division, two hundred and fifty-
eight were killed, wounded and missing.  The wounded were promptly brought in, the stretcher-bearers and ambulances being
constantly Avith the advancing troops.  The great  majority of the rebel wounded fell into our hands.  The wounds were all
very severe in character, and  an unusually large number of shell  wounds of the thigh and legs demanding amputation, were
observed.   As the 2d division of the corps was not engaged, the rebel wounded  were all sent to the field hospitals of this
division, and  Avere as promptly and as kindly cared for as our own men.  Unusual facilities were afforded in caring for  the
Avounded, as the scene of action Avas so near the field hospitals of the  corps, which were in  most efficient and thorough working
order.   All the severe cases, about eighty-three in number, including those in which capital operations had been necessary, Avere
retained at the hospital, and  when the corps moved  on the 3d of April, were transferred to the hospital of the  1st division,
Avhich remained behind to garrison Petersburg, its  field hospital  remaining in its old location.  In this way, I  am satisfied,
many lives Avere saved."       *      *      * 
                      REPORT  OF ASSISTANT  SURGEON  E. J.  MARSH,  U.  S.  A.                   221

CLXYII1.   Extracts from the Report of the  Chief Medical Officer of  the Second Division,

      Cavalry Corps,  Army of the  Potomac,  from January 1 to March  28, 1865.   By Assistant
      Surgeon E. J. Marsh, U. S. Army.

      *  *  *  "January  1, 1865,  the 2d cavalry division, under command of Brevet Major General D. McM. Gregg, was
composed of the folloAving troops: 1st brigade, Brigadier General 1L E. Davies, 1st Pennsylvania,  1st NeAV Jersey, 1st Massa-
chusetts, 10th Ncav York, 24th New York CaA'alry, and Horse Battery A, 2d U. S. Artillery;  aggregate strength, two thousand
six hundred and fifty-eight  men; 2d brigade, Brevet Brigadier General J. I. Gregg, 2d, 4th, 8th, 13th, and 16th Pennsylvania
Cavalry, and Horse Battery I, 1st U. S. Artillery; aggregate strength, two thousand eight hundred and two men; 3d brigade,
Brevet Brigadier General C. H. Smith, 1st Maine, 21st Pennsylvania, 2d NeAV York Mounted Rifles, 6th and 13th Ohio Cavalry;
aggregate strength, tAvo thousand nine hundred and eighty-two men.   There was  also a cavalry depot and dismounted camp
for recruits, convalescents from  northern hospitals, and for the  dismounted men of  the command.   They remained here till
thev could be mounted and equipped.  There  were several  vacancies of regimental medical officers, but more than one present to
each regiment.  The total number of medical  officers present for duty on the  1st of January was tAventy-six.  *  *  The division
hospital Avas situated near the camp of the division in a central and convenient position.   It was formed of hospital tents, and had
beds for one hundred and tAventy patients.  There Avas a surgeon in charge, three assistant medical officers, two hospital steAvards,
and tAveuty-seven attendants.  The ambulance corps was in charge of Lieutenant  John R. West, 16th Pennsylvania Cavalry.
There were but two brigade ambulance officers, a vacancy existing in the 2d  brigade.  There was a full complement of men,
Avagons and ambulances, the number of ambulances being tAventy-six, Avith three  medicine wagons and fifteen  army Avagons.
The ambulances  Avere  mostly old,  but  in good  repair and serviceable.   January 24th, by permission of the  acting medical
director of the army,  I issued a circular directing surgeons-in-chief of brigades to turn over the  medical property in the
ambulances to tbe surgeon  in charge of the  division hospital, and placing upon him  the responsibility of keeping the boxes
filled.  I did this because the ambulance property is used exclusively in the field hospital, over which the surgeon-in-chief of
brigades have no control, and confusion of accounts often  arise from the fact of several officers being  responsible for property
in the same hospital.  The division Avas encamped on the  Jerusalem plank road, beyond the rear line of earthworks, and near
the crossing of the Blackwater.   The situation of all the camps Avas good,  they were well laid out, with excellent huts, and
proper sanitary regulations  Avere generally observed.  During  the month, the division remained in camp, having merely the
ordinary picket duty to perform.  The issue of fresh vegetables during the month was scanty, but still no signs of a scorbutic
condition were observed.  The health of the  command Avas good. There  were some  obstinate  and  serious cases  of chronic
diarrhoea and a few severe cases of fever, but not as many of diseases of the respiratory organs as might have been anticipated
from the frequent rain storms, and the extreme and rapid variations of the temperature.   *   *
      February 1st, I received orders from the medical director to send off all the sick and wounded Avho would be unable to
accompany the command in case of a move.   At three o'clock p.  M., I sent one hundred and eighty-one patients to City Point.
A few, however, arrived from one of the regiments too late to be  sent, and were placed in hospital.  February 4th, we received
orders to move at three o'clock A. m., next morning.  I Avas directed to take fourteen ambulances, but no Avagons were allowed
on account of the condition of the roads.  Surgeon Lovejoy was  to take charge of the field hospital, Avith half the  attendants
of the division hospital.  He was directed to  take such shelter, food and dressings  as could be carried in one of the ambulances.
As tbe diAdsion hospital was to remain standing, I  left Assistant  Surgeon Durgin, 1st Massachusetts Cavalry in charge, with
forty-seven patients who  had been admitted  since February 1st. February 5th, at three o'clock A. m., the  division moved by
the Jerusalem plank road and Geary's church to Reams's Station; and after a short halt, proceeded by the Halifax and Malone
roads to Malone's bridge, over the RoAvanty.   Here Ave found  a  small force of the enemy on the opposite bank of the creek,
and after a short skirmish drove them from their line of breastworks, and captured several prisoners.  We lost one man killed
and two wounded.  We then proceeded by some country by-roads to DinAviddie Court-house.  We met no force of the enemy
at that place.  We sent parties up and down the Boydton plank road, capturing a number of wagons and prisoners.  We
remained there some time, and attempted to communicate Avith  General Warren on the Vaughan road, but unsuccessfully, as a
force of the enemy was found between  the two  forces.  We then returned by the same road by which we had advanced to
Malone's bridge.  In the afternoon we communicated with General Warren by a cross road.  During the day the weather was
mild and pleasant but the roads were very muddy, especially the wood and field road by which we had advanced.  In returning
they were almost impassable.  We reached the Rowanty about dark.   One brigade, only, crossed, and the others camped on
the south side.  At half-past twelve a. m., we again started on the road to join General Warren at the crossing of the Vaughan
and Quaker roads.  The weather had grown  cold after dark, and when we started, the roads were completely frozen  and we
suffered greatly from the cold.   On joining General Warren, we found his command marching to Hatcher's Run, and followed
in his rear.   We were ordered to mass in some open fields before crossing the run, and put out skirmishers expecting the enemy.
The Fifth Corps was posted on both sides of  the run awaiting the enemy's approach.   I sent surgeon Abbott, 1st Massachusetts
Cavalry, back to the Cummings house, on the Vaughan road to select a place for the hospital in case it should become necessary
to establish one.  After some time the enemy appeared in our rear  and some skirmishing occurred.  There was not much fighting,
however, until afternoon, when they attacked in some force.  They were, however, easily repulsed, but we had several officers
and men killed  and wounded.   The wounded were temporarily dressed on  the field, and sent back in the ambulances to the
hospital at the Cummings house.  A brigade of the 2d  division  of the Fifth Corps was sent up in the morning as a support to
the cavalry; they formed line in rear of  our division.  The 1st and 3d brigades were dismounted and  had their horses sent
across Hatcher's Run.  About two o'clock, the Fifth Corps was ordered  to  advance, and proceeded by the Dabney's mill road.
At the same time the 2d brigade of the cavalry division was ordered to drive the enemy down the Vaughan road and across
Gravelly Run if possible.   *  *  This brought on a general engagement along our line; with the  help of the infantry, which
had been ordered up, we drove the enemy from their rifle-pits and some distance into the woods.   The firing was quite heavy, 
222                   APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—TWENTY-FOURTH  CORPS,  1865.

and Ave had a number killed and wounded.   At the same time the Fifth Corps became engaged on the Dabney's mill road on
our right.  The Avounded Avere, as far as possible, dressed temporarily and removed rapidly to the hospital.  The ambulance
corps did remarkably well.  All the officers Avere active and energetic, and the men Avorked hard in bringing the Avounded off
the field.  The ambulances were brought as far to the front  as possible, and two ambulance horses were Avounded by bullets
After driving the enemy from the field, we held our position till dark.  As soon as the fighting Avas over and all the Avounded
removed from the field, I went back to the hospital.  Here I found about fifty-five Avounded.  Surgeon Lovejoy had taken some
out-houses for hospital use and  had also put up  tent-flies; had procured straw for bedding, and had fed all the patients.  The
wounds were mostly dressed and  some  of the necessary operations had been performed.   Others continued to  occupy the
surgeons till midnight.  In the  evening I received orders from Surgeon Page, U. S. A., acting medical director of the army to
send as many as were dressed and could be carried in the ambulances to Patrick's Station, where cars would be ready to receive
them.   About thirty were sent off and the rest made comfortable for the night.   The next morning some more operations Avere
performed, and all the remainder  of the wounded, but four or five, were then sent to the railroad.  February 7th, the 1st  and
3d brigades were ordered to the junction of the Halifax and Wyatt roads.  They arrived in the afternoon and Avent into  camp.
The 2d brigade remained at Hatcher's Run, and as there was some little skirmishing, some ambulances and dressings Avere left
with them.   The weather had been cloudy and chilly on the 6th, and during the night some snow fell.   On the morning  of the
7th, it rained hard and continued raining nearly all day.   On the 8th it was clear, and the 1st and 3d brigades Avere ordered
back to their old camps at the Jerusalem plank road.  The 2d brigade Avas ordered to the Halifax and Wyatt roads, and on
Wednesday also returned to camp.  I broke up the hospital at the  Cummings house and took the few  remaining wounded to
the division hospital.  During the expedition the number admitted into division hospital was sixty-four.  The total number of
casualties, according to regimental reports, Avas  thirteen  killed, ninety-one wounded, nine missing; total,  one hundred  and
thirteen.  *   *
      February 13th, Acting Staff Surgeon  G. W. Colby, late surgeon of the 1st Maine Cavalry, reported for duty, and was
assigned to the charge of the hospital, relieving Acting Staff Surgeon Lovejoy.   *  *  During the remainder of the month, the
division remained in camp;  the picket duty was increased by the recent lengthening of the lines toAvard the left.  The health
of the command Avas, however, good, and there were but few admissions into hospital.   Unfortunately, but very few vegetables
could be issued, and, in the latter part of the  month, the patients admitted showed spongy gums, and a few cases of scurvy
appeared.  * *   The number  of sick admitted into the division hospital between February 7th and 28th was but fifty-seven.
The character of the diseases Avas the same as in last month.  Zymotic diseases furnishing the greater number, acute rheumatism
showing an increase, while diseases of the respiratory organs remained about the same.  About the middle of January,  a case
of varioloid  occurred in the 13th Ohio Cavalry.  The patient had just returned from furlough.  He was at once isolated, and
the regiment was vaccinated.  Vaccination was also ordered throughout the whole division, but was not entirely accomplished
till the end of February.  In the first week of February, tAvo other cases occurred, one in the 8th Pennsylvania, and one  in the
1st New Jersey, both in men recently returned from furlough.  By this time a small pox hospital had been established, to  which
the men Avere at once removed.  No other cases occurred.   *  *  During the greater part  of the month of March the division
remained encamped in its winter quarters.  The health of the troops continued good.  The rations were  abundant, but there
continued to be a great deficiency of fresh vegetables.  In  consequence, many of the cases  admitted to hospital exhibited a
scorbutic tendency, and a few marked cases of scurvy appeared.  March 14th, orders were received to send all sick to City
Point, which was done, and nearly all the hospital  tents Avere taken down and packed, preparatory to a move.  Two wards
were left standing,  to admit cases until the command actually moved.  March 28th, the remainder of the sick were sent off, and
everything completely packed  ready to move.  On this  day, the  division was detached from the army of the Potomac, and
ordered to report to Major General Sheridan."      *       *      *
CLXIX.   Extracts  from  the  Report  of the  Medical Director  of  the  Twenty-fourth  Corps,
      Army  of  the  James, from  March 27 to  April  30, 1865.   By  Surgeon J. B. Morrison,
      TL S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "On the evening of the 27th of March, the  1st division, commanded by Brigadier General R. S. Foster, and
the independent division, commanded by Brevet Major General J. W. Turner, left their winter camps on the north side of the
James river, accompanied by Brigadier General Birney's division of the Twenty-fifth Corps, and  crossed  the James and
Appomattox rivers during the night.  The march was continued until the evening of the 28th, when we bivouacked in the rear
of the Second Corps, south of Petersburg.   The 3d division of this corps, commanded by Brigadier General Charles Devens,
Avas left  for the purpose of holding the position  occupied  by the  corps during the  winter.  We started with twenty-five
ambulances to each division.  On the morning of the 29th, we relieved the Second Corps, and established our headquarters at the
point  occupied by its headquarters.   On the mornings of the 30th and 31st, the sick of the command were sent by railroad from
Humphreys's Station to City Point, there to take the boat for the Point of Rocks hospital.  On the 30th, we had some fighting
near Hatcher's Run.  I  established the  field hospital of the corps  on the Vaughan road,  about a mile in rear of the troops.
The wounded were received and cared for Avith promptness.  They numbered one hundred and nine.  Next morning they were
sent on the cars to City Point.  On the morning of the 2d of April, we attacked the enemy's lines and carried them, continuing
our march until we reached Fort Gregg, near Petersburg, which we captured with a loss of five hundred and  ninety killed
and Avounded.  Early the same morning, I had ordered the hospital on the Vaughan road to follow the troops, and the  ambu-
lances left on the north side of the James river,  when we commenced our  march,  had arrived, making, in  all, seventy-six
ambulances Avith our two divisions.  I  established the hospital about half a mile from Fort Gregg.  All the wounded were
Avell cared for,  and  sent to Warren's Station in ambulances, to take the cars for City Point, and from thence  by boat to Point
of Rocks.  About one  hundred and fifty Avere sent on the night of the  2d, and all  the others on the  folloAving day. The 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON  J.  T.  GHISELIN,  U.  S.  A.
223
wounded were well cared for, and the dead properly interred.  On the morning of the 3d, the troops moved for Sutherland
Station Avhere they arrived in the evening, and bivouacked for the night.  Here I found eight wounded rebels in a car.  I
had them cared for, and sent to Petersburg in ambulances next morning.  We moved at half past eight o'clock A. M., on the 4th,
and advanced on the Cox road toward Wilson's Station, where Ave halted for the night.  On the march I found nearly forty
wounded rebels and four of our own wounded, Avho had been left by the  rebels in buildings  on the roadside.  There were two
rebel medical officers with them.  I left with them several days' supplies of food, medicines, dressings,  etc.  At Wilson's Station,
on the morning of the 5th, Ave left  some sick  under the care of Surgeon Ainsworth, U. S. V.  Two ambulances and supplies
were left Avith them.   At  Burkesville Junction Ave found a rebel hospital containing some  thirty or forty sick and wounded
rebels, under the care of two rebel medical officers.   Here Ave established our corps field hospital.  On the 6th,  the corps moved
toAvard Farmville to meet the retreating rebel army and  check its progress, which was successfully done in the afternoon, about
seven miles from Burkesville Junction, near Rice's Station.  Part of the hospital was left at  Burkesville, Avith several medical
officers and a good quantity of supplies, Avhile the  other portion accompanied the troops, and was established at a farm-house
near the battle ground on the 6th, receiving and  caring for  fifty Avounded, who Avere properly attended to and sent back  to
Burkesville in ambulances during the  night.  On  the 7th, we  moved for Farmville.   At the Watson farm-house, about  three
miles east of Farmville, Ave found about  thirty of our OAvn Avounded and twenty-five  rebels, who had been wounded the day
before in the fight near High Bridge.  I left  medical  officers and supplies with them.  They were soon afterward  sent  to
Burkesville.   We arrived at Farmville on the afternoon of the 7th.  Here we found a large rebel hospital containing about one
thousand patients, with plenty of medical  officers and  a fair  supply of provisions and medicines.   On the 8th, Ave marched
thirty-three miles.  On the morning of the 9th, we encountered the retreating enemy on the Lynchburg road, about one mile
west of the Appomattox Court-house.  On  the same day the rebel army surrendered.  The  field hospitals of the  corps were
then established at Appomattox Station.   When the cavalry of General Sheridan  were ordered away, their wounded, eighty  or
ninety in number, were left in my charge.   I furnished medical care, food, etc., and had them sent  in ambulances to the railroad
station, and placed on the cars with  our OAvn wounded and  a number of wounded rebels.  At  Farmville wagons met them
and conveyed them to Burkesville.  Those who could not endure wagon transportation were left at the  rebel hospital  at
Farmville  *  *  I also furnished ambulances to convey the rebel wounded to our hospital at Appomattox Station, where they
were well attended to. On Thursday,  April  13th, I sent a  large train of ambulances to Burkesville, conveying tha rebel
wounded and some  sixty of our  OAvn Avounded.  Many of the ambulances in this train had been  turned over to us by the
rebels.  *  *  We left Appomattox Court-house on the 17th, and marched eighteen miles toward Burkesville, encamping for
the night  at Prospect Station.   Next morning Ave started for Farmville, Avhere we arrived early in the  afternoon.   We
bivouacked for the night about three miles east of Farmville.  At Farmville I found  in the rebel hospital  about one hundred
 and forty wounded belonging to the different corps of our army.   *   *   I had all who could bear transportation in ambulances
 started on the morning of  the 19th for Burkesville, where they arrived that afternoon.  I was obliged, hoAvever, to leave about
forty of them, whose condition was  such  that they could not have endured transportation.   In view of this,  I consulted Avith
 General Curtin, then in command of the  post,  who informed me that he intended to leave a medical officer and an abundance
 of supplies Avith them when he left the place.  We arrived  at  Burkesville on the 19th, and remained until the morning of the
 22d, when we started for  Richmond.  Meantime I had all the sick and wounded sent by cars to Petersburg, under the care
 of efficient medical  officers.  The troops arrived at  Manchester  on the 24th, crossed the  James river, and passed through
 Richmond on the 25th. We are now encamped about three miles from the city.  In regard to the medical and hospital property
 tinned over  by the rebels, I have to say that there is but little.  It was sent over in parcels,  and  at  different times, and before
 it could be collected some of it was lost or destroyed by our own men, there being no guard on the wagon park.  HoAvever,
 Surgeon Guild, General Lee's medical director, informed me that there was but  little to transfer. In the midst of the general
 bustle and confusion, I did the best I could to collect it."
CLXX.   Report of the Medical Director of  the Army of the Middle Military Division from
     August 27 to December 31, 1861.   By Surgeon J. T.  Ghiselin,  U. S.  Army.
                                                  Headquarters Middle Military Division,
                                                               Medical Director's Office, January 26, 1865.
      General : On the 27th of August, 1864. I reported  as medical director of the  Middle  Military Division, from which
date to December 31, 1864, inclusive, I have the honor to report, in brief detail, the operations of the medical department.
This report will refer only to the army, as nearly the whole effective force of this division, composed of the Sixth and Nineteenth
Corps,  army of West Virginia and cavalry, has been in the field, operating under the  name of army of the Middle  Military
Division, to which my duties  have been almost exclusively  confined.  My first effort, on  arrival, was to ascertain, if possible,
the exact condition of the medical department, but the difficulties in the way of obtaining information appeared insurmountable,
as no staff  department had even an incipient organization; in fact, the confusion was all that might be anticipated in a command
so new and composed in part of small commands accustomed to act independently.  The veteran Sixth Corps was the only one
prepared for a campaign, and its creditable condition was due mainly to the energy and  ability of  its medical director, Surgeon
S. A. Holman, U. S. V.   The first steps toward organization consisted in the adoption of a system  regulating the formation
and management of field hospitals, in prescribing a uniform  plan of drawing and issuing medical  supplies, and in strictly
enforcing the ambulance law.   Our base being Harper's Ferry, a depot for medical supplies was opened at once, and a large
quantity of the most important field supplies were ordered  by telegraph.  These were distributed among the corps  so as to
supply their immediate wants.  After a careful review of all  the important medicines and supplies furnished, and guided by the
experience of a previous campaign, a selection was made, which, it was intended, should  contain  a sufficient number of medicines 
224                APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—MIDDLE MILITARY  DIVISION,  1864.

and all essential dressings and appliances, while it should not be too cumbrous, so that it might always be readily taken with
the troops in the field.  This selection was embodied, together with a plan of drawing and issuing supplies, in a circular issued
from this office, September 10th.  The acting medical purveyor Avas furnished with a copy of this circular, and was ordered to
require  for,  and issue supplies in accordance with it.  In this system, the  division, and not the  brigade, Avas made the unit of
organization for the medical  department, both as regards supplies, transportation and field hospitals.   The diA'ision system has
afforded me  the means of caring, Avith the utmost celerity, for large numbers of wounded thrown  suddenly  upon the medical
department, as after the battles of Winchester and MiddletoAvn or Cedar Creek, and it has met the approval of all the medical
officers of the  army.  Previous to the adoption of this plan, in all the troops except the Sixth Corps, hospitals Avere established
Avithout system, after a battle, and much confusion consequently resulted.  This, I endeavored to obviate by an order prescribing
a uniform  mode of organizing  field hospitals.  The general plan Avas the same as that introduced in the army  of the Potomac,
by Surgeon J. Letterman, U. S. A., and of which, I had frequently Avitnessed the good effects, while serving in  that army.  An
operating  staff is appointed,  as well as a medical officer in charge of food and shelter, a second officer in charge of records, and
these report, before an engagement, to a surgeon Avho has the general charge of the hospital, and who receives orders from the
surgeon-in-chief of diA'ision.   Previous to my arrival, supplies had been issued to the troops in  the field,  by acting medical
purveyors stationed with the  commands, Avhich they had supplied indiscriminately, there being no  order  to guide them
regulating the issues or the amount of supplies to be kept on hand.   It was soon found that these purveyors Avere unnecessary
as every brigade kept on hand the authorized supply, and could draw upon the division hospital Avhen requisite.  Having thus
systematized, to some extent, the manner of furnishing this army Avith  medical supplies, prescribed the kind  and quantity of
each to be kept on hand,  concentrated a large store of all the essentials at the base, ready for emergencies,  as well as organized
a system of  field hospitals, in which wounded could be cared for after an engagement, and the sick during marches and while in
camp, I had but to make suitable provision for  relieving the army of its Avounded as  rapidly as  they might  accumulate. For
this purpose, I increased a small hospital of about  three hundred  beds, at Sandy Hook,  to a capacity of thirteen hundred, and
stationed a medical officer at the base as medical director of transportation, with instructions to  receive all sick and wounded,
and to forward the moderately severe cases to Baltimore, retaining the very severe as well as the very slight cases for treatment
at Sandy Hook, or at Frederick.  This officer received a daily report of  the number of vacant beds in the general hospital at
Frederick, and Avas thus guided in the shipment of cases.   He also had charge of feeding and dressing the Avounded, and kept
me informed of the arrival and condition of every train;  and, in  addition,  telegraphed  to the medical directors of the Middle
Department and Department of West Virginia, the time trains started  for Baltimore or Frederick.   Before all  of these
arrangements  had been completed, the army commenced a forward movement.
      At  daylight, on the morning  of September 19th, one division of cavalry, which had the advance,  engaged the enemy
near Opequan Creek, five miles from Winchester, and drove him from his position, which it held until relieved  by the infantry.
The battle, during the morning Avas fought with great obstinacy; and with  the exception of occasional slight  checks to some of
our corps, success was ahvays in our favor.   About  half-past  three  o'clock p. M. a combined advance of infantry and  cavalry
was ordered, the cavalry operating on both flanks.  This  resulted  in the  complete triumph of our arms, and the enemy fled
from the field  routed  and demoralized.  That night Ave occupied Winchester.  The  field hospitals  were established during the
day, on or near the Opequan Creek, and their locations were Avell protected from the shot of the enemy by Avooded hills.  They
were all in the immediate vicinity of good roads.   The wounded, as a general thing, received  good care, and had nourishing food
promptly  administered to them.  During the latter  part of the day, however, it was impossible to collect  all the wounded, as
the army pushed on so rapidly, thereby increasing the distance for the ambulances.  Quite a large number, therefore, remained
on the field  that night, many being concealed in the thick woods where they had fallen.  At nine o'clock P. m.,  the same night,
the general commanding ordered me to have all the Avounded taken  to Winchester, and the field hospitals broken up as rapidly
as possible.   For this  purpose, a detail  of  medical officers to remain  was made from each corps, a certain proportion of
ambulances  Avas ordered to  be left, and the chief quartermaster placed at my disposal all the empty army wagons.  Assistant
Surgeon H.  A Du Bois, U. S.  A., assistant medical director, was  ordered to remain and take general direction of the removal
of the Avounded, and of the establishment and organization of hospitals in Winchester.  That night  I informed you by telegraph
of the result of the battle, gave the approximate number of Avounded, and requested you to send  forward to Winchester twenty
medical officers, hospital supplies  for five thousand wounded, and  an  experienced  surgeon to  take charge of the hospitals.
Several  weeks previously, the chief quartermaster had,  at my request, ordered the  post quartermaster at Harper's  Ferry to
keep on hand  three hundred hospital tents for  such an emergency.   Doctor Du Bois reported to me on the 21st that he had
seized a portion of the army train, unloaded it, and with the ambulances left him, had  transported all  the wounded  from the
field to  hospitals which  he  established at Winchester in the  churches, public  buildings and such private dwellings  as Avere
suitable.  These hospitals he  organized by corps.  Being almost destitute of food  for the wounded, the commanding officer
of Winchester took, at his request, eight thousand rations from an army train which was going to the front.  This embarrassment
arose from the fact that no subsistence train accompanied the  army.  Things Avere soon systematized, and over four thousand
Avounded were safely transferred to  the hospitals of their respective corps, competent surgeons placed in charge, and the most
experienced and  expert  operators designated to perform the  operations.  On  the evening  of the 22d, Surgeon J. H. Brinton,
U. S. V., arrived with five medical officers, and relieved Doctor Du Bois,  who returned to headquarters on the following day.
Four hundred hospital tents, ample  supplies, and ten additional surgeons arrived on the 23d.   About three hundred hospital
tents were pitched on a  Avell selected site near the toAvn, and a camp hospital organized under the designation of Sheridan
field hospital.   Surgeon  F.  V. Hay den, U. S. V.,  Avas assigned to its charge.
      The morning following the battle of Winchester, our troops moved forward, and  that afternoon reached Strasburg, two
miles beyond  Avhich the enemy was found in position at Fisher's Hill.   Some skirmishing'  occurred on the 2lst, and, during
the afternoon of the 22d, an assault Avas  made, which resulted in the complete rout of the  enemy, and his broken army was
pursued to Woodstock, a distance of twelve miles.  The pursuit occupied the entire  night, and the troops  did not bivouac
until about four o'clock the folloAving morning.   Fortunately the casualties  on the march Avere few, while those Avounded in the 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON J.  T.  GHISELIN,  U.  S.  A.
225
 assault were collected in the field hospitals.  Anticipating a battle on the 21st, each infantry corps was directed to establish a
 field hospital in the vicinity of Strasburg.  Aware that the troops  had then been one day Avithout rations, and being informed
 that no forAvard movement Avould be made until rations could be issued, the hospitals Avere allowed to remain, and orders Avere
 given to the chief medical officers of divisions to be prepared to send their Avounded to the rear.   By the afternoon of the 23d,
 all Avere comfortably loaded in an empty supply train and sent to Winchester.   At Strasburg and Woodstock a few Confederate
 wounded Avere found, destitute of all supplies, and unable to bear transportation.  These men were attended to by their OAvn
 surgeons, who Avere furnished Avith all the necessary medical and  subsistence stores.  We arrived at Harrisonburg on the 25th,
 where there Avere several Confederate hospitals, containing three  hundred and thirty-five sick and Avounded, attended by five
 Confederate medical officers.   The surgeon in charge reported that he Avas in need of subsistence and a feAV essential medicines,
 all of which he Avas at once furnished with.  One hundred and  thirty-five sick  and Avounded were selected, Avho could bear
 transportation Avithout injury, and sent to Winchester by a returning subsistence train.  The medical  officers here seemed  to
 have some regard for hygienic principles in and  about  the hospitals, and their patients Avere probably as comfortable as they
 could make them Avith their restricted means; but at every other  place, from Woodstock on, where Confederate wounded were
 collected by their oavh surgeons, the most extreme filth and positive indications of neglect were seen.
       After the battle of Winchester, the  cavalry acted, to a great degree, independently, and  their Avounded  in the several
 skirmishes, Avere retained in  ambulances, and sent to Winchester when  opportunity offered. The army made no important
 moA-ement up to October 6th, when a retrograde march Avas commenced.   The enemy's cavalry followed us.   On the 9th, near
 Woodstock, our cavalry  attacked and routed that of the enemy, driving him a distance of twelve miles.  Our loss was very
 slight, and all the Avounded Avere sent to Winchester the folloAving day.  We moved to Cedar  Creek on  the 10th, and took up a
 strong line of battle, Avith the apparent object of remaining there to wait for  the  developments  of the enemy.   Immediately
 after the battle of Fisher's Hill, our base being changed to Martinsburg, Acting Assistant Surgeon E. Ohlenschlager, U.  S. A.,
 acting medical inspector, Avas ordered there to take charge of the  transportation of the Avounded, who  were sent to that place,
 as fast as they could bear transportation, and, for  this purpose, advantage Avas taken of every returning train.  The Avounded
 were loaded in Avagons, bedded with hay or straAV, Avithout" croAvding, and a large number of blankets Avere sent Avith them, as
 well as stretchers, for some of the most seA^ere cases.  The Avounded in  these  trains Avere fed and dressed on their arrival at
 Martinsburg, and were then placed in cars Avhich Avere sent to Frederick  or Baltimore.
       At dawn, on tbe  19th  of October, the enemy attacked and turned the  left  flank of our army.   Their attack was so
 sudden and unexpected  that our troops  were throAvn into confusion, and it was  not  until we had fallen back four miles, that
 another line of  battle Avas established and confidence restored.  In  the early part of the action, the Nineteenth Corps lost all its
 medicine and  army wagons,  loaded Avith medical supplies and  hospital tents, and  thirty ambulances, but  the  latter  Avere
 recaptured by the cavalry in the afternoon.   The other  ambulances and wagons had been ordered to the rear and Avere out  of
 reach.  Before  the  second line of battle was formed, but few of the Avounded got off  the field; those Avho did so Avere such as
 were able to walk, and a few  avIio Avere carried in the ambulances of the  cavalry, or in blankets  slung  on muskets.  Division
 field hospitals were noAV established in and  near NeAvtoAvn, six miles from the original line of battle, and two  from the second.
 The wagons and medical supplies arriving from the rear, the medical officers of the Sixth Corps promptly pitched their tents ;
 before this, hoAvever, each division formed a temporary hospital in rear of  the line of battle, and, up to this time, had performed
 a feAV capital and a large number of minor operations.   The medical officers of the Nineteenth  Corps took possession  of tbe
 churches and seAreral houses  in  Newtown,  and prepared them  for the. reception of the Avounded, as all their tents had been
 captured.  The  cavalry had only a comparatively small number  of casualties, and, for this reason, were enabled to care for
 their Avounded in ambulances  until a favorable opportunity offered to send them to the rear.
      On the  morning of the 20th, there being no immediate prospect of hostilities, but a military necessity for remoAdng the
 wounded further to the  rear, all the ambulances of the  army, and a large train of army Avagons,  properly bedded Avith straw,
 were loaded AA'ith wounded.   The ambulances were used for the  most severe cases, and the  army Avagons for those of  a less
 grave nature.   KnoAving that the hospitals at Winchester Avere unable to accommodate the large number of Avounded to  be
 disposed of, the chief medical officer of that place was  instructed  to retain only those who Avould  be injured by further
 transportation, and to feed, dress and furnish the remainder with all things needed, and send them on to Martinsburg.   By the
 afternoon of the 21st, the Avhole number of wounded, with the exception of fifteen mortal cases, had been removed from NeAVtown.
 All the corp3 Avere amply supplied for this emergency, Avith the exception of the Nineteenth, but its urgent wants Avere relieved
 by the others, until  several Avagons, loaded Avith medical stores, wliich had been kept at army headquarters to meet accidents
 of this kind, could be brought from  Winchester, Avhither they had gone  in the morning to prevent capture.  Too  much praise
 cannot be awarded the medical officers for their energetic efforts to care for and protect the Avounded on this trying occasion, the
 result of a temporary reverse to our arms.
      The general commanding not wishing that even a  temporary hospital should be established at Martinsburg, the Avounded
 had to be placed in the cars immediately on their arrival.  OAving to a deficiency of transportation, as Avell as to the difficulties
 of loading a number of cars in the confined depot  at that place, a portion of the Avounded of each train were placed  in the
 churches, Avhich were fitted up as field hospitals.    Doctor DuBois, who had been  sent Avith orders to take such means as  might
 be necessary to  prevent any accumulation of wounded,  reported  that the trains  generally arrived in excellent condition, feAV
 cases of neglect being observed, and most of these OAving to the excessive fatigue of medical officers.   With each train was sent
 a surgeon in charge, a proper  proportion of medical officers, steAvards and attendants; also, cooked rations, anodynes, stimulants,
 dressings, etc., more than sufficient to last the usual number of days in making a trip.   On arriving at Winchester these trains
 Avere divided among the different hospitals,  and every man was  dressed and fed during the night by a large detail  of surgeons
 and attendants,  and the same Avas repeated at Martinsburg before transfer to cars.   A responsible medical officer  provided with
 supplies, together with a proper number of attendants, accompanied each train.   As the army Avas liable to move suddenly
 I did not consider  it advisable to let sick and wounded  accumulate, but sent them to Winchester, which  had  been  made
the receiving depot, using ambulances when  the distance was not great  and it was expedient to  do so.  NotAvithstanding the
         29                                *   • 
226                APPENDED DOCUMENTS—MIDDLE MILITARY  DIVISION,   1864.

distance, Avounded Avere transported in army Avagons, in some instances as far as a hundred miles, very few died on the rond
which, fortunately, was a fine turnpike.  In November fifty ambulances Avere placed at my disposal, which I turned over to the
chief medical officer at Winchester, to be used for carrying Avounded to Martinsburg.  No army Avagons were either used or
required subsequent to this date.
      After the completion of the railroad to Stevenson  depot, five miles from Winchester, early in December, the medical
director of transportation Avas ordered to Harper's Ferry, and the  medical purveyor to change his depot to that place.  I also
arranged Avith the chief quartermaster to have four hospital and two passenger cars kept at the above depot, subject to my orders.
These made tAvo, sometimes three trips per Aveek, until the number of sick and Avounded Avas reduced  to less than tAvo hundred
Avhen the hospital cars alone were retained.  The first week in  January the Sheridan field hospital was closed, leaving in
Winchester, only the cavalry and Nineteenth Corps hospitals, Avhich I designed keeping as long as  the army retained its present
position.  Having thus described the campaign as far as it related to  my department, as  briefly as was  consistent Avith the
subject, I subjoin the folloAving list of casualties:
Battle of Winchester, number killed...........................................................................   059
Battle of Fisher's Hill, number killed..........................................................................   46
Battle of Middletown or Cedar Creek, number killed............................................................   r,^-,

      Total killed........................................................................................... 1; 200

Wounded in the various skirmishes occurring between August 20th to September 18th, inclusive..................... lr 026
Wounded in battle of Winchester. September 19th............................................................... 4; 032
Wounded in battle of Fisher's Hill, September 21st and 22d......................................................   455
Wounded in skirmishes from September 23d to October 18th......................................................   402
Wounded in battle of Middletown or Cedar Creek, October 19th..................................................  3, 491
Wounded in skirmishes from October 20th to December 31st......................................................  600

      Total wounded.........................................................................................10,006

                                      Confederate wounded who  fell into our hands.
Battle of Winchester.........................................................................................  846
Battle of MiddletoAvn or Cedar Creek..........................................................................   451
Sent from hospitals at Harrisonburg...........................................................................  135

      Total.................................................................................................  1,432
      The consolidated classified returns of Avounds and injuries already forwarded for the battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill,
and Middletown or Cedar Creek, account for six thousand three hundred and  eleven, Avhile the actual number Avas seven
thousand nine hundred and seventy-eight.  This discrepancy will always occur after a battle if the army soon after moves and
the wounded are sent to the rear, because to obtain full and accurate lists is the work of many hours and they require a greater
number of medical officers than can be spared from more urgent duties.  The total number of amputations after these battles
Avas three hundred and eighty-eight.  All these were primary and  were generally skilfully performed. The surgery, in all
these battles, was as good as witnessed elsewhere in the field, and usually reflected credit  on the operators.  As the wounded
were sent to the rear very soon after each battle, many operations could not  be performed  until  they arrived in Winchester.
The total number of deaths from disease from  August 27th to the 31st of December, was fifty-three.*  The highest rates of sick
present during that period was five per cent, out of a mean strength of forty-seven thousand nine hundred and fifty-four men,
and the loAvest rates two  and a half per cent,  out of a mean strength of thirty-eight thousand four hundred and forty-four.
This Ioav rate of sickness, at a time when the  troops were harassed and over fatigued by repeated  battles and  skirmishes, can
be attributed to the healthfulness of the climate and the quantity of good vegetable food procured solely from the country.  It
is due to the medical officers in charge of the hospitals at Winchester, and to Surgeon F. V. Hayden, U. S. V., the  chief medical
officer, to say that these hospitals Avere never surpassed by any depot hospitals, in neatness and comfort,  and the very moderate
number of deaths.  *  *
      To  Assistant Surgeon H. A. DuBois, U. S. A., assistant medical  director, I am indebted for the energy and executive
Bkill shoAvn in  so well providing for the many thousand Avounded, after the battle  of Winchester, which was a task of no
ordinary magnitude.
      The medical corps has contributed more than its share to the list of killed and wounded during the campaign. Assistant
Surgeon Isaac  Smith, jr., 26th Massachusetts, Nineteenth  Corps, was wounded at  the  battle of Winchester, and Assistant
Surgeon John  T. Scearce,  11th  Indiana, Nineteenth  Corps, was wounded  at  the  battle  of Middletown, or Cedar  Creek.
Surgeon W. H. Rulison, Ninth New York Cavalry, medical director of the cavalry, was killed in a skirmish near Smithfield,
Virginia, August 29, 1864.   Surgeon J. B. Coover, 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry, and Acting Assistant Surgeon E. Ohlenschlager,
U. S. A., acting medical inspector,  died  of wounds received from guerrillas; and Surgeon Thomas J. Shannon, 116th Ohio,
army of West Virginia, was mortally wounded at the  battle of Middletown or Cedar  Creek, October  19, 1864, and died the
following  day.   By the death of these  officers, the  profession has lost experienced and valuable members, and  the country
earnest and faithful soldiers.
                                              Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                                          J. T. GHISELIN,
                                                                                                Surgeon U. S. Army.
  To the Surgeon General of the Army.
* This does not include the deaths of men belongiDg to the command in general hospitals. 
REPORTS OF  SURGEONS  KELLOGG AND  BLANEY,"  U.  S.  V.
227
CLXXI.   Extract from  a Report on the  Wounded at the Engagements at Cloyd's  Mountain
     and New River Bridge.   By Surgeon G. M. Kellogg, U.  S.  Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "In the engagement of Brigadier General Crook's division, at  Cloyd's Mountain,  West Virginia, May 9,
1864, and at NeAV River Bridge, on the 10th, the enemy fought behind breastworks; and, in assaulting their strong position at
Cloyd's Mountain, our force suffered  severely.  Having been engaged for several hours in collecting our wounded from the
field and in attending to their AVounds, I Avas ordered to follow the command Avith all the wounded I  could transport.  After
three or  four hours, I Avas  able to folloAV Avith over tAvo hundred of the wounded.  I left  others of our wounded  at the field
hospital, and still some  on  the field, Avith four of our best medical officers, and more than half of my  medical and hospital
supplies.  A number of those left were mortally wounded, and very many required amputation.  The  distance between
Cloyd's Mountain and NeAV River Bridge, Avhich it Avas necessary to reach at once, was eleven miles, General Averell's command
being hotly pursued by  the rebel General Morgan, Avho followed up toAvard New River, it was not  thought possible to remove
any more of our wounded,  and our transportation Avas too limited to bring aAvay more than we brought.  As it was, our means
of transportation Avere sorely tried in  crossing two rivers, and over rough mountain  roads, for the distance of two hundred
miles.  We had but thirty-eight ambulances in all, only twelve of which were in good condition.  Of  the wounded brought
through, one died from erysipelas  supervening upon a wound of the arm.   We arrived at Meadow Bluff  on the 21st.  I
was ordered to remove the  wounded at ouce to hospital at Charleston, West Virginia, and to Gallipolis, Ohio, which I accord-
ingly did.  No report has  yet reached us of our Avounded left behind, but I have every reason to believe them better off than
is usual within  the enemy's lines.   A fuller and more perfect report Avill be given as  soon as possible.   Our medical officers
have, most of them, Avorked nobly and with self sacrifice.  The report of the character of wounds is incomplete and imperfect.
When the order was sent to remove with all the Avounded for whom Ave had transportation, our wagon  train  could carry but
few men. No amputations  had been performed before leaving the field.   There were fifty-three cases  left which imperatively
demanded amputation.  Many of those reported wounded were slightly injured, a large number of them are now doing duty.  I
took one hundred and ninety-tAVO  Avounded to hospital at Gallipolis, Ohio, and to Charleston, Virginia,  all of which were cases
of wounds of the arm, forearm, hand, and feet, or flesh wounds of more or less grave character."      *      *      *

CLXXIL    letter of Transmittal of lists of Casualties at New Market.   By Surgeon J. V. Z.
     Blanet, U. S. V., Medical Director of the Department of West Virginia.
      "Colonel:  I have the honor to forward by same mail,  herewith,  full lists of killed, wounded and missing in  the
engagement at New Market, Virginia, May 15, 1864.  Those missing are presumed, if wounded, to be at  New Market; but the
medical  officer left at Mount Jackson in charge of the wounded not having been permitted to communicate with them, the
number  and names have not been received.  I also transmit a separate list of the wounded remaining in the hands of the
enemy, and under charge of Assistant Surgeon Charles G. Allen, 34th Massachusetts Volunteers, at Mount Jackson, and have
the pleasure to inclose a communication from him of the 20th instant, acknowledging the receipt of medical  and subsistence
supplies  forwarded under a flag of truce by order of Major General Sigel.  Four nurses were detailed, and left with Assistant
Surgeon Allen.  But five seriously wounded Avere left at Mount Jackson during the retreat, and then only because too seriously
Avounded to bear transportation.  The remainder straggled in from the field after our forces had retired.  Upon the receipt
of this intelligence,  Assistant Surgeon Gray, 20th  Pennsylvania  Cavalry, was ordered to  proceed, under flag of truce, in an
ambulance, taking with him such instruments, dressings, beef stock  and other supplies as might be urgently required, and to
endeavor to reach Mount Jackson, and remain with Assistant Surgeon Allen, in attendance upon the wounded, should he not
be permitted to bring the  seriously wounded back with him, as  was requested of General Imboden by General Sigel.  The
request for return of wounded was courteously refused,  and  Dr. Gray was not permitted to go further than Woodstock.  The
ambulance and contents were receipted for and forwarded to Dr. Allen.  As soon as possible thereafter, a wagon loaded with
stimulants and  all needful  supplies, followed, and was  also  allowed to proceed.  Dr. Gray, with the empty ambulance and
wagon was permitted to return with as little detention as  possible.   I beg leave to notice, with much commendation, the
promptness, discretion,  and forethought of Surgeon W. Hayes, U. S. V., chief medical officer on the field, to whom is due the
credit of the measures for the" relief of our wounded, Avhich I have had the pleasure to narrate.  I also request that the course
of Dr. Allen in transferring a portion of his supplies to the surgeons of the  enemy be approved.  Any  further information I
may receive relating to  our wounded who remain in the hands of the enemy will be promptly reported.
              I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                 '                                             JAS. V.  Z. BLANEY,
                                                     Surgeon U. S. V., Medical Director Department of West Virginia.
  To the Acting Surgeon  General op the Army."
CLXXIII.   Extract from  a  letter relative to  the Wounded at New Market.    By Assistant
     Surgeon Charles  G.  Allen, 34th Massachusetts Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "The supplies forwarded were, in the main, ample for all our wants.  *  *  I have several cases which must
require amputation, and feel absolutely obliged to deprive Dr. Gray of his  instruments.  *  *  I sent a request to General
Imboden to be permitted to visit New Market to-day,  to look  after  our wounded there Avho, I learn, need help, which request
was not granted.  Three of the enemy's surgeons called on me this afternoon, and will  again make the request for me, and I
think, I can see them.  I am assured that our wounded receive the same attention as theirs, by the general and the surgeons.
I have already loaned them one-half a pound of chloroform and some stores which I  could spare, to be used at New Market.
I feel confident all our wounded will be placed under my charge here soon.  My men have all been removed to the large brick
house in Avell aired rooms.   *  *   I have looked to cleanliness and to other hygienic measures rather than to drugs."  *   * •  * 
228                      APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--VALLEY  OF  VIRGINIA.

CLX XIV.   Extracts from a Report of the Casualties in the Engagement at Saltville,  Virginia
      October 2.  1 SG-1.   By Surgeon J. G. Hatchitt,  U. S.  Volunteers.
      *  *  *  tt rpne Datt]e commenced at nine o'clock and continued till dark, Avhen our forces retired, leaving the Avounded
on the field.   *  *  We lost fifty-four killed,  and one hundred and  ninety Avounded.  *   *  The medical staff performed their
duties Avell, considering  the trying surrounding circumstances.   There Avere  no  ambulances to move the wounded, and no
place to collect them that was not frequently exposed  to a fierce fire of artillery and musketry.   I Avould respectfully mention,
for favorable  consideration, Surgeons W. H. Gardner, 30th Kentucky,  and S. C. Woodman,  11th Michigan Cavalry  and
Assistant Surgeons R. W. HazleAVOod, 37th Kentucky, and J. T. Harper,  13th Kentucky Cavalry, on account of the extra-
ordinary  interest they exhibited in behalf of the Avounded.   Doctors Gardner, Woodman,  and Harper,  and also Assistant
Surgeon A. H. Hunt, 12th Ohio Cavalry, remained on the field to attend to the Avounded."             *       *
CLXXV.   Report of  the  Post Hospital  at  Winchester,  Virginia,  in  May and Jane,  18(i2.
      By Surgeon J. B. Peale, U. S. Volunteers.
      " Sir :  I Avas ordered on the 4th of May, by General Rosecrans, to take charge of the Union Hotel, and organize it as a
post hospital.   *   *  On the 20th, I had but twelve patients remaining, all others having been sent to New Creek Station.  On
May 23d, some Avounded were brought from Front Royal.  On the evening of the 24th, tAvo hundred and thirty patients were
brought in from Strasburg, but nearly all started off early next morning, alarmed by the near  approach of the enemy.  At
eight o'clock A. M., on the 25th, the  retreat of General Banks's  forces commenced.  The quartermaster's store-house, opposite
the hospital, was fired,  and the danger to the hospital was imminent.   I had the patients placed in the yard.  The rebels,
taking possession of the  toAvn, placed a guard over the hospital.  Great praise is due the nurses for  their determination to remain
with the sick.  Surgeon Black, acting medical director of the  Confederate force, called on me to say that I should continue
unmolested in the care  of the sick.   On the 25th, thirty-three Avounded Avere admitted to  the hospital, and thirty-eight more
on the 26th.   On the 27th, Surgeon  Black instructed me that I should remain in charge of the hospital as surgeon-in-chief, with
Surgeon E. L. Bissell, 5th Connecticut Volunteers, as assistant.   Patients  continued to come in all day, and the. aggregate, at
last, numbered three  hundred and thirty.   Surgeon  Black permitted me to detail sixty-four attendants from the prisoners, and
the Confederate commissary issued  provisions on my requisitions, bo that all went on well  to May 31st, except that I had no
means to procure milk,  eggs, or other delicacies for  the wounded.  On the 31st, the rebel  provost marshal sent an officer to
parole all the patients in the hospital, Avho, with the attendants,  signed a paper, a  copy of which  is  forwarded.   The rebels then
evacuated  the  town, removing  the guard from the hospital, and  leaving no provisions. On June 1st, a small guerilla party
made  us all prisoners again, and placed us in close confinement.   There Avere nine deaths among the patients in hospital.  The
medical officers present Avere Surgeon F. Leland, 2d Massachusetts Volunteers, Surgeon T. E. Mitchell, 1st Maryland Volunteers,
Assistant Surgeon  P. Adolphus, U. S. A., Assistant  Surgeon L. R.  Stone, Assistant Surgeon J. F. Day, Assistant Surgeon E.
L. Bissell, all of Avhom  lent all the aid in their power.
                                                                                  J. B. PEALE, Surgeon U. S. V.
  General Franz Sigel,  U.S. V."
 CLXXVI.   Extracts from a  Report on  the  Wounded at  the Battle of Piedmont, treated at
      a  Confederate  Hospital  at  Staunton.    By  Assistant Surgeon "William  Grumbien,  _U)th
      Pennsylvania Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "I have the  honor to make the following report concerning the men left under my charge after the battle
 of Piedmont, June 5, 1864, at Staunton, Virginia, and also  of those  I received afterward from the valley, Avho  fell into the
 hands of the enemy, and were subsequently brought to my hospital:   *   *  I Avas detailed on June 7th, and left Staunton on
 the ---- of September for Richmond, and was sent from thence through the lines on September  23d.  The  convalescent
 men that I sent off at first were taken to Charlottesville and Lynchburg, but the rest to Richmond.  I think they were
nearly all exchanged, except those  that Avere again fit for field service.   I had four hundred and twenty-seven wounded and
sick men under my charge.  Forty-five died, and eight I left in the hospital, not being able to be removed.  I left Avith them
three nurses.  Of every man that died, I preserved some relic, which I  sent to his  friends on coming to our lines, and wrote
a letter informing his friends of his death.  Some left a little money, Avhich I placed  in the packages; but on coming to Libby
they searched them all, taking the  money, promising to give it back Avhen I left, which promise, hoAvever, they did not fulfil.
I reported this to  Captain Hatch, Confederate commissioner of exchange, and he asserted that he would get it and send it to
me by Major Mulford.  If he does, I Avill send it to the friends of the deceased.   I had my OAvn cooks, stove  and cooking
utensils, and feel a great satisfaction in certifying that my cooks, Charles Anderson  and Daniel  Pray of the 18th Connecticut,
spared  no pains in preparing palatable dishes for the men.  My nurses Avere, as a general thing,  efficient, especially L. I.
Spencer of the 18th Connecticut, Avho did everything in his power to lighten my labors.  The  mortality, ten and a half per
centum, may, at first sight, appear large, but it must be taken  into consideration that about one hundred and twenty of the
slightly Avounded Avere sent to Martinsburg soon after the battle, so that none but the Avorst cases were left in my hands.  Also,
 hat the men brought from the valley, by the Confederates, on heaATy lumber wagons, often being  conveyed for four or five days
Avithout any care, Avere in such a condition that recovery in  some was impossible, not from the  severity of their Avounds, but
from neglect.   That the number of sloughing wounds Avas extraordinary,  I attributed to the impure air, and heat, and drought
prevailing in June and July, and to the lack of vegetable food.  The proper medicines Avere generally wanting.  Nitric acid and
chloride of zinc, Avhich I regard as the best caustic agents in sloughing Avounds could not be had. Sulphate of copper Avas the
only available escharotic, and I had no tincture of iron, the best of all tonics.  The  want of proper stimulants and tonics Avas 
REPORTS  OF  MEDICAL OFFICERS.
229
severely felt.  The apple brandy Ave used, I thought did more harm than good; it is unfit as a stimulant for a sick man.  The
regular rations of bread and meat Avere sufficient, and, generally, of good quality;  but such articles as are most desired by the
sick, I could not obtain in adequate quantities.  The Confederate Avards Avere furnished first, and Avhat remained Avas turned
over to us.  In spite of their assurances that  my men should fare the same as theirs, and all their assertions to that effect, I
knoAV that there Avas a desire to deceive me, perhaps not  as much by those in authority as by the subordinates.   To Doctor
Merrill, the surgeon in charge for the first feAV months of my stay, I cannot express my regard too much.   He has been kind
and aided me whenever he could, and has sIioavii a great deal of sympathy for my men.  The other surgeons, as a general
thing, Avere clever.   * *   The men that were sent to me from the valley Avere stripped of their clothing, and many Avere
barefoot and hatless.  I made a requisition for shoes, shirts, and socks, but it Avas never filled.  This difficulty I overcame by
making shoes out of overcoats and blankets, and was thus enabled to send my convalescent men off fully clothed.  I also made
a haversack for  each  man that Avas not  already supplied; but these were taken from them on entering Libby prison.  The
clothing of the men that died I had Avashed and given to those Avho stood in need."       *     *       *

GLXXVII.   General Summary  of  Casualties at the Battle of Piedmont.   By Surgeon  Thomas
     B.  Reed, IT. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *   " In the cavalry division, there Avas  one commissioned officer killed, and five Avounded, and thirteen enlisted
men killed, and  forty-four Avounded.   The first brigade of the  infantry division had sixty-nine killed, and  three hundred and
thirty-six wounded.  The second brigade had thirty-eight killed, and tAvo hundred and seven wounded.   The artillery brigade
had one killed, and three wounded, a total loss of seven hundred and seventeen, of whom tAventy-four Avere officers." *  *  *
 CLXXVIII.   Extracts  from a Report  of  the Operations of the  Medical Department  at the
      Action near  Winchester,  on March  23,  1862.    By Surgeon TV.  S. King, U.  S. Army,
      Medical Director.
      "Sir: The battle near Winchester, on the 23d instant, was fought by the troops of General Shields's division, which had
 but recently returned by a forced march from Strasburg.  As this division joined us lamentably deficient in medical supplies,
 and with very limited transportation, and has been employed ever since in  marching  and countermarching  or engaging the
 enemy, no opportunity has been afforded  to supply its wants.  When the battle terminated, therefore, we found the  supplies
 inadequate for the occasion, and the medical force not so large as desirable in consequence of the number of officers being, from
 necessity, on duty Avith  their regiments in pursuit of the enemy.  As soon as the action became severe, Avhich Avas not till half-
 past four in the afternoon, the ambulances were sent to the front and commenced the Avork of removing the Avounded to a place
 of shelter.   As Winchester Avas near by, and  the night fast approaching, it was thought best to remove them  to that place
 without delay.  Camp-fires were made on the field, the wounded collected around and directed to remain near them until
 the wagons should pick them up.   After making these arrangements, about eight o'clock P. M., I returned to Winchester and
 spent most of the night in providing for their accommodation and attending such  cases as required immediate attention.  As
 the medical officers were mostly inexperienced, and some confusion, inseparable to such  an occasion, existed, I remained a day
 in Winchester after the command had advanced until things appeared to be working well, Avhen I left to join headquarters, it
 being reported that an action was going on near Strasburg.
      Complaints of inattention to the Avounded having  reached me, I again proceeded to Winchester, and found  the  arrange-
 ments not as satisfactory as I could Avish,  which was owing chiefly to a Avant of cooperation on the part of the quartermaster
 and  commissary departments, arising from a want of knowledge or a want of disposition  to perform their  duties.   From a
 consideration of all the circumstances I believe that much of the discomfort of the wounded has been  owing to circumstances
 beyond the  control of the medical officers.  I mention these details in explanation of the difficulties known to exist in providing
 immediately for four hundred wounded soldiers  suddenly throAvn upon  us  Avithout the means and appliances sufficient to
 accommodate them, and which cannot be done Avithout some delay.  After writing the above I  received a note from  Surgeon
 C. C. Keeney, U. S.  A., to meet him in Winchester, and  to him I will refer for further details.   I  have requested  him to send
 at least three hundred bedsteads for the hospitals in Winchester and a supply of stores of all kinds.  *  * I  have to request
 that  medical supplies for tAventy thousand men for  three  months be forAvarded to Winchester for this corps, as  many of the
 medical officers are very deficient in medicines and stores of all kinds, and we find that, OAving to our frequent change of position, it
 is impracticable to obtain the supplies called for from the purveyor at  Baltimore.  A supply of medicines and  stores on hand,
 according to my experience, is as necessary to an army in the field as it is to have a supply of subsistence, so far as availability
 is concerned. The supplies necessary to  establish hospitals Ave must  expect to  receive from Washington,  as  Ave have no
 transportation to carry them along with us.
                              I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                                W. S. KING,
  To the SURGEON General  of the Army."                                         Surgeon and Medical Director.

 CLXXIX.  Report of  the  Killed  and  Wounded  at  the  Action  near Winchester, March 23,
     1862.  By  Surgeon  W.  S. King, U. S. Army.
      *  *   * "The ist brigade, under  Colonel N.  Kimball, lost thirty-seven killed  and one hundred and  eighty-six
wounded; the 2d brigade, under Colonel Sullivan, lost fifteen killed and fifty-nine wounded ; the 3d brigade, under Colonel E.
B. Tyler, lost thirty-five killed and one hundred and seventy-tAvo wounded; the artillery, under Colonel Daum, had four killed
and  two wounded, and the cavalry had  five Avounded; a total of ninety-one  killed and four hundred  and tAventy-four
Avounded."      *      * 
230
APPENDED DOCUMENTS--COAST EXPEDITIONS.
CLXXX.   Report of the Killed and Wounded  in the Action near  Winchester, May 25, 1862
      By Surgeon Thomas Antisell,  IJ.  S. Volunteers,  Medical Director of  the  Department of
      Shenandoah.

      *  *  *  " The 1st brigade had seven killed and fifty-one Avounded;  the 2d brigade had tAventy-five killed and seventy-
one Avounded.  Surgeon T. E. Mitchell Avas wounded and captured.  Assistant Surgeon Bissell and his hospital steAvard Avere
taken prisoners.   Assistant Surgeon P. Adolphus, U. S. A., was captured.  Surgeon Leland, 2d  Massachusetts, Assistant
Surgeon Ston'e, and Surgeon J. J. Johnson were also captured."      *      *      *

CLXXXI.   Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff from April, 1S01
      to  April, 1862.   By Surgeon George E.  Cooper, U. S. Army.

      "Sir: In compliance with instructions received in circular from the Surgeon General's Office, dated Washington, D. C.
May 1, 1863, I transmit a short narrative of the duties to which I have been assigned since the breaking out of the rebellion in
1861.  At the time of the attack on Fort Sumpter, the command with which I was doing duty was stationed at Fort Mackinac
Michigan.  The condition of the lakes, closed with ice, kept the  command at that post until April 28, 1861, when navigation
having opened, the troops left, and reported with all possible dispatch at Washing-ton, D. C. Having reported to the Surgeon
General, I was detailed to organize and take charge of the Union Hotel hospital in Georgetown.  Having organized this
establishment, and having remained in charge of it until it  was filled with patients, I was ordered to report to Major General
Robert Patterson, as medical director.  * *   At the request of General Patterson, Surgeon Tripler Avas retained, and I was
ordered to report again to the  Surgeon General.  On  reporting to the  Surgeon General, I was directed to report to Surgeon
Tripler, for duty with the army of the  Shenandoah.  On returning to the army at Chambersburg, where I had left it, I found
that the greater part had left for HagerstoAvn,  Maryland. The sick had been left in a temporary hospital at Chambersburg,
and on my reporting to Surgeon Tripler at HagerstoAvn, I Avas directed to return to Chambersburg, break up the hospital, and
bring all  the sick who could be moved, and the material of  the hospital, to Hagerstown.  Having performed this duty, I Avas
detailed as medical purveyor of the army under General Patterson, and continued as such when the command was transferred
to General N. P. Banks, and, during  the time, transported the  purveying depot from Hagerstown to  Frederick, and from
Frederick to Baltimore. At Baltimore I remained until October 5, 1861, when I was directed to  turn  over my property to
Assistant Surgeon R. H. Alexander, U. S. A., and to report in person at Washington, D. C, to General T. W. Sherman, for
duty with the expedition against the southern coast.  So peremptory were the orders, that I was directed to leave my property
unreceipted  for, and to report  in person at Washington, and orders were sent to  Drs. Page and W. A. Hammond, who, at the
time, Avere on duty in Baltimore, to take an inventory of the stock on hand in the purveying depot, and to invoice the same to
Assistant Surgeon Alexander, U. S.  A.  In accordance with these orders, I reported to Brigadier General T. W. Sherman in
Washington, and accompanied him to Annapolis, where  the troops for the expedition were assembling.  The troops for the
expeditionary corps consisted of the  following regiments: 8th and  9th  Maine Volunteers;  3d and  4th  New Hampshire
Volunteers; the 46th, 47th and 48th NeAV York Volunteers ; the  50th  and  100th Pennsylvania Volunteers; the 8th Michigan
Volunteers, together Avith Company E, 3d U. S. Light Artillery.   These troops  remained  at Annapolis from ten days to two
Aveeks, and Avere,  a day prior  to sailing, joined by the 79th New York Volunteers.  All these regiments were full, with the
exception of the 46th NeAV York. This regiment did not number  five  hundred men.  The 47th and 48th New York regiments
Avere not composed of as good material as the other regiments.  The  men were weakly, and many were mere boys taken to
fill the ranks; many, too, were old and decrepit, and habitual drunkards.  During the sojourn of the troops at Annapolis,
the men were encamped in the grounds of the Naval Academy, on the banks of the Severn, to the rear of the college grounds,
and on a farm to the Avest of the city.   The weather, while the troops were in  Annapolis, Avas, for the greater part of the time,
rainy, and, in consequence, the troops were most uncomfortable.   Being all, with the exception of the battery, new levies, they
knew nothing of camp life, and, consequently, paid but little regard  to their own comfort.  The  result Avas the  advent of
catarrhs,  fevers, and derangements of the digestive system.   The men were entirely regardless of all hygienic rules, and  paid
no attention to the advice of their medical officers. It Avas a common subject of remark, that men, who but a few weeks before,
occupied  positions in society demanding cleanliness and a care for personal appearance, now disregarded it, and either from
apathy or laziness, neither Avashed their persons nor the clothing they carried upon them.   The fevers attacking the men were
mostly of a malarious type, and  particularly so among those regiments which had been encamped for a time, prior to coming to
Annapolis, in the vicinity of Washington. Some of the fevers, too, were of the type denominated typhoid.  Many, too, which
at first were of the malarious type, in a short time presented typhoid symptoms;  but, as no autopsies were made, I am not able
to say Avhether or not they assumed  the character, in the intestines, of mesenteric fever.
      Some three days previous  to the embarkation of the troops, variola made its appearance among the 8th Maine Volunteers.
Orders were immediately issued to remove not only the sufferers, but all who had been in contact with them.  In consequence
of these precautions, the disease did not spread.  Vaccine virus too, was procured from the Surgeon General's Office, and all
the men of the regiment Avere vaccinated, as well as those who were  encamped  in the vicinity.  The Avhole command Avould
have been vaccinated had it been possible to procure a sufficiency of virus, but a sufficiency could not be procured.  W hen m
Washington, every endeavor had been made to procure the necessary supplies of medicines, bedding, etc., for the expedition.
Requisitions for all these articles, to  fill up the supplies of the regiments  for three months, was made upon the purveyor at
Washington; and from the fact that requisitions for supplies had been sent from  regiments just organized, and Avithout any
supplies Avhatever, it Avas found impossible to procure the articles in Washington in  time to carry them Avith the expedition.
On Sunday evening, October 20th, 1861, the troops Avere embarked on the steam transports, and on Monday morning, they sailed
for Fort  Monroe, where the  naval  forces Avere  to join  them, and where, too, the 3d Rhode Island regiment and some six
companies of the NeAV York Volunteer Engineer troops Avere aAvaiting their arrival.  The troops remained at Fort Monroe from 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  COOPER,  U.  S. A.                             231
the 22d of October until the 29th of the same month, and Avere kept on ship board during that time, with the exception of one
brigade, which Avas put on  shore in a drill, which Avas for the purpose of instructing them in disembarking in surf boats.
When at Fort  Monroe, endeavors Avere made to procure bedding, etc., from the purveyor at that place, but, in consequence of
the paucity of supplies there, they could not be furnished.  Supplies of medicines and hospital stores for three months had been
put up at the purveyor's depot in Ncav York, in quantities sufficient for ten  regiments, but  they had been  stored aAvay in the
hold of one of  the transports and could not be come at.  Some boxes of KidAvell's disinfectant had been turned over to the
quartermaster for the use of the transports. Avhen at Annapolis, with the request that it would be divided among the ships; but
instead of making this use of it. it was placed on board the  steamship Winfield Scott, and, in the storm of November 1, 1861,
tbe greater part was  thrown overboard.  On Tuesday, October 29th, the expedition sailed from Hampton Roads.  On the
morning of the 31st.  the  signal officer on board the steamship Vanderbilt, notified the general  commanding, that a case of
variola had made its appearance in the 8th Michigan regiment.  Instructions Avere sent, to isolate the patient as much as
possible.   This was  done, and the  disease did not spread during the  time the men remained on  board, though, some three
Aveeks later, it  broke out in the crew of the A-essel, and several Avere attacked by variola and varioloid.   About tbe same time,
too, it shoAved itself in the 8th Michigan, Avho Avere ashore.   Tbe storm, to which the  expedition was exposed on the afternoon
and night of November 1st. caused the destruction of the medical supplies belonging to the 4Sth New York and 50th  Penn-
sylvania Volunteers, which, Avith other articles, Avere throAvn overboard to assist in lightening the vessels.  The men on  board
the transport Winfield Scott, were, for two days and nights, without cooked provisions, and Avere Avet, worn out, and prostrated
by fatigue consequent upon bailing to keep the water from encroaching on tbe fires.  The result of this fatigue and exposure
was  fever of a low grade, in  several of  the men belonging to the  50th Pennsylvania Volunteers, who,  at the time, were  on
board the vessel.  On the morning of November 7, 1861, after  the capture of the fort, on Hilton Head, a portion of the troops,
some four regiments, Avere landed on the island, and in the  course of five or six days the whole command Avas disembarked.
The men landed in  surf boats, and Avere Avet from the Avaist  down; no inconvenience seemed to  follow this, though the men
having no changes, retained their Avet clothes during the night.  But two Avounded men were found in the vicinity of the fort,
and these Avere found in an  out house, Avhere they had been left by the retreating rebels.  One of  these had a Avound in the
back part of the head, caused by a piece of shell;  the other had the thigh wounded, and the femur  shattered at the neck by a
piece of shell.  The first  case recovered after a tedious convalescence.  The later case was operated on at the hip joint, as I
afterwards learned, and the  patient soon died.  Tavo men were found in  the hospital building, who were prostrated by typhoid
fever, and could not be moved; both of these recovered.
       The labor of the troops from the time of landing was severe.  Heavy fortifications to protect the land side of the island
had to be erected, and all the supplies for the troops had to be  brought on shore in lighters, and each and all of them had to be
brought from the lighters on the shoulders of the men, or be  placed by them in wragons from the boats.  To  do this, fatigue
parties were compelled to be Avet from  the waist, and, at the same time, had an almost tropical  sun beating upon their heads,
and much sickness resulted from this  necessary fatigue duty, which, oftentimes, was continued far into the night.   A bivouac
building, which had been much injured by the shells from the fleet, was made use of for a temporary hospital, and the sick were
carried there for treatment, until the proper regimental hospitals were put in operation.   Some of the New England regiments
had brought hospital tents  along Avith them, but the greater  number of the regiments were entirely without  hospital accom-
modations. Some sixteen or twenty hospital tents had been brought  by the  quartermaster's department for the use of  the
expedition, but they could not be got at,  as they had been placed in one of the ships, the exact one not knoAvn, and covered
with other articles, and it Avas necessary to await the unloading in order  to get at the articles required.  Shortly after the troops
were disembarked, the  malarious fevers of the southern coast began to show themselves,  principally among those encamped
back on  the island, at  a  distance  from the sea beach, and who, at the same time, were on fatigue duty during the day in
discharging the vessels.   The island of Hilton  Head is Ioav and sandy, and, where not under cultivation, covered with  heavy
pine forests, Avith thick undergroAvth; on the side of the ocean are heavy ridges of sand, and  back of these are, for some
distance, fresh water swamps.  Creeks are numerous through the island, and on the Port Royal  harbor side is a large salt
marsh.  Water, soft and pleasant to the taste, can be procured in any part of the island, by sinking wells twelve or fifteen feet
deep.  Much of the island is under cultivation, and fine Sea Island cotton is produced in great quantities.   The island is looked
upon by the inhabitants of South Carolina as one of the most unhealthy on the coast, and there are some portions of it particularly
so.  The negroes stated that it Avas looked upon as almost certain death for a white man to travel certain roads after nightfall, in
the months of July, August, September, and October.   From what I can learn our troops did not find this to be the case, as it was
necessary to station our pickets on all portions of the island, and the cavalry patrols traveled over every portion of the island,
as well by night as day.  True it is that some were attacked with fevers, but not more than Avould have been attacked in any
malarious region of the southwest.  In many portions of the island, spots of live oak are found and palmettoes are numerous.
The fevers by which the men were attacked shortly after their arrival, Avere, in many cases, of the most malignant type, and
in some cases the  patients never reacted perfectly, but sank on the first chill.   Men  were brought into the hospital with Avhat
would  be regarded  as epileptic fits, but what, in reality, Avas the coast fever.  These would froth at the  mouth, have some
convulsions, and, for the  time, be perfectly demented.   The chief complaints made by them were of severe headache, and of a
burning skin, Avhen in reality the surface was cold and covered with a clammy sweat.  When reaction took place, the skin
became excessively hot, the eyes bloodshot, the pulse bounding and corded.  When  the fever broke up the heavy SAveat was
of a most disagreeable odor.  The only hope for the patient was in the exhibition of free doses of quinine, thus avoiding  the
recurrence of the paroxysms; for few,  if any, cases recovered if the disease Avas not broken  up after the second or third attack.
Shortly after the landing of the troops, measles broke out in the regiments from  NeAV England,  and small pox in that from
Michigan.  A variola hospital was established at a distance from the camps, and all attacked Avere transferred thither.  The
results of rubeola in the New Hampshire regiments Avere lamentable;  many recovering from the disease, were  attacked with
severe bronchitis, and tuberculous phthisis was rapidly developed in men of robust frames and apparently healthy bodies.  This
tendency to pulmonary disease was far more observable in the New Englanders than in the NeAV Yorkers or Pennsylvanians. 
 232                          APPENDED DOCUMENTS—COAST  EXPEDITIONS.

 Some four Aveeks after the occupation of Hilton Head, the  brigade of General Stevens, composed of the 79th  New York  th ■
 5(»th and 100th Pennsylvania, and the 8th  Michigan Volunteers, Avere directed to take post at Beaufort, South Carolina.  Th»>
 health of the troops composing  the brigade Avas much improved by this change.  The camping grounds and hospital accom-
 modations Avere much better than at Hilton Head, and they Avere enabled to procure many comforts and  conveniences unattain-
 able at any other place in the department.  In fact, the troops Avere as if in garrison, and, Avith the exception of the re'dment
 on picket duty at Port Royal ferry, which Avas regularly relieved, in truth were so.  About the time that Beaufort Avas occupied
 the 46th NeAV York  and a part of the 7th  Connecticut were ordered to take post at Tybee  Island, to hold  the same and
 commence operations for the  siege of Fort  Pulaski.   The work performed by this command Avas almost incredible.  In order
 to transport artillery and material of Avar to the points required, it was necessary to make roads through morasses, which would
 bear up  the heaviest classes of modern artillery.  Sand hills had to be cut doAvn, and  hollows to be filled up.  Everything,
 provisions, guns, ammunition, and all the numerous  articles required for a siege, had to be brought  ashore in boats, and that
 too in a dangerous roadstead, Avhere the surf ran higher than in any place occupied by our forces on the southern coast.  The
 earthworks Avere erected, the guns and ammunition carried by hand  power to the places designated for them, by these troops.
 The greater part of this Avork was done at night, as  it Avas necessary to alloAV those in Fort Pulaski to knoAV nothing of the
 position  of the batteries being erected.   The heavy columbiads, rifled siege guns, and thirteen-inch mortars, Avere  hauled to their
 positions, and there  placed during the night, by men of the 46th  New  York, 7th Connecticut, and a detachment of the New
 York Volunteer Engineers.   NotAvithstanding the  fatigue and labor these troops were  compelled to undergo their sick list was
 proportionately as small as in any regiments in the department, and in the 46th NeAV York, smaller.
       On the 1st of January, 1862, the troops  under General Stevens, in conjunction with the gunboats, made a demonstration
 against Port Royal ferry, where the rebels Avere erecting a battery Avhich commanded the ferry.  Our troops crossed over and
 had a  skirmish which resulted  in the destruction of the Avorks, the  capture of the guns, and  the retreat of the confederates.
 Our loss Avas  slight, some six or eight wounded;  all flesh wounds,  with one exception, a fractured thigh by a conical ball.
 The patient Avas reported as having died from  the effects of the Avound,  in some  seventy-tAvo hours after the skirmish.  At, or
 a short time previous to, the skirmish, the brigade commanded by Brigadier General E. L. Viele, was  ordered to Daufuskie
 Island, which is at the mouth of the Savannah River.   This movement was for the purpose of facilitating the  closing of the
 Savannah River, and in cutting off Fort Pulaski from the source of its supplies, and to support the batteries about to be erected
 on the islands commanding the river, as Avell as to place the troops in as  healthy positions  as the country Avould afford.  The
 latter indication Avas well fulfilled, as in no place in the department Avas the health of the troops better than on Daufuskie
 Island.  The troops sent to Daufuskie were the 47th and  48th  New York, and 7th Connecticut Volunteers.  Brigade Surgeon
 J. R. Dalton, U.  S. V.,  had charge of the sanitary condition of this command, and to his care and skill, may be attributed the
 fine health of the command.   In the early part of January, an expedition Avas organized to act on the coast south of Hilton
 Head.  These Avere embarked and proceeded  to Warsaw  Sound, where they aAvaited  the movement  of the gunboats.  For
 some reason or other these Avere delayed much longer than Avas anticipated, and  sickness broke out among  the troops of the
 6th Connecticut Volunteers, and several cases of spotted fever showed themselves on the transport Avhere they Avere crowded.
 In consequence of this, these troops were  ordered to return  to  Hilton Head and disembark.  The rest of the  expedition
 proceeded south and took possession of Fernandina, Jacksonville and Saint Augustine.
       It had been regarded as an axiom that white men could  not  live on the Ioav and marshy lands bordering the rivers of
 the southeastern coast, and it was Avith a feeling of great hesitation and anxiety that troops were ordered to  erect batteries on
 the river, and to live in  the same, on  the low lands which at every spring tide are flooded.   Had  not a military necessity
 demanded the holding these points, the experiment Avould never have been made. The people of the country had no idea that
 the men  of the north Avere sufficiently foolhardy to place their  troops Avhere disease Avould, in a short time, in all probability,
 destroy at least half, if not more, of all sent there.   Fortunately the season of the year Avas one in Avhich the fevers of the
 country  assumed their mildest character, and, though frequent,  were not  malignant in  their type.  The character of  the islands
 on which the batteries were placed, Avas such as Avould seem to preclude the idea of placing anything like  permanent Avorks
 upon them. These islands are formed by a deposit of  thick and tenacious blue mud, are overgrown Avith reeds, and  at high
 tides  are flooded.  They are  surrounded by bayous, Avhich are navigable by boats  of light  draught.   Previous to taking
 possession of the islands, it Avas necessary to  bring all the artillery  and material of Avar in boats from Daufuskie Island, a
 distance  of four miles.  From the side of the island where our scoavs and light  draught boats  Avere brought to the Savannah
 River side, Avas a distance of one-half  a mile.   OATer this distance and through the thick and tenacious mud the men,  sinking
 almost to the knees at every step, dragged the heavy guns.  To do this, thick  pieces of timber were placed in front of the gun
 Avheels, and as soon as passed over the pieces behind Avere carried to the  frdnt, thus furnishing a temporary tratmvay.  The
 sand bags, filled, Avere packed on the men's shoulders to the banks of the Savannah, and then piled up to form the temporary
 battery.   The hardships and fatigues of this night's Avork can  be better  imagined than described.  The night  on  which this
 Avork Avas done Avas one of the most inclement of the whole Avinter. A heavy storm was raging, a cold rain Avas falling, and it
 Avas so dark as to render objects at a short distance imperceptible.   Success, hoAvever, croAvned the labors of the men, and, on
 the folloAving morning, three large guns bore upon the  inner channel,  and in a short time, formidable batteries closed the riArer
 and cut off Fort Pulaski from the main land.  Much interest was  shoAvn  to find out if northern  men could live among the rice
 fields of  Georgia, as had so often been  denied.  The result, as far as I could learn, Avas, that the sickness among the soldiers
 garrisoning the batteries Avas  not greater than  among  the rest  of the  command.  Everything that could assist in  fonvarding
the construction of the batteries Avas done, and  much labor Avas put upon them in order to make them tenable.   Causeways
 across the island were built, and  the earth raised as fast as possible in the batteries, so that the troops might have dry footing.
 Large dykes Avere erected and ditches dug.  In short, everything Avas  done that art, aided by a sufficiency of hands, could
 effect.  When  the river was effectually closed by our guns, and  the men could move about with impunity, sand and gravel were
brought in scoavs, and this afforded not only a dry but a pleasant footing.   Some comfortable tents Avere pitched, and huts Avere
erected, and the men were as comfortable as in more eligible positions.  The troops garrisoning the  batteries were furnished 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  COOPER,  U.  S.  A.
23.
 with the best supplies at the command of the commissary department.   Vegetables and fresh meats Avere issued to them more
 frequently than to any other troops in the department of the south.  Indeed everything Avas done that possibly could be, in
 order to place the troops in a fine sanitary condition.   The medical officers on duty in the batteries were instructed to issue to
 the men quinine and whiskey as a prophylaetic, and with beneficial effect it Avas used, as the statements of the medical officers
 informed me.  While referring to the prophylactic use of quinine, I would state that in such cases as came under  my own
 observation, I saAV much good resulting from it.  Many  men  Avho  seemed to be imperceptibly almost succumbiitg to  the
 malarious poison, Avere, in a short time, giving indications of  perfect health.  I Avould strongly recommend  its use  in all
 malarious districts, for though the expense is considerable, the benefit folloAving  will, I think, more than compensate for the
 outlay.  As there Avas no hospital building at Hilton Head for the sick  who might be brought there, it was thought proper to
 have a building erected Avith the capacity of three hundred and fifty beds, but Avhich, in  an emergency could be increased to
 four hundred and more.  At first it Avas intended to have erected it in the  pavilion style, but in consequence  of the severe
 storms, Avhich, at times  occur in the region, it Avas decided that  the  IioIIoav square Avas stronger and less liable to  be bloAvn
 down; and this form, too, could have porticos placed around it, Avhich, in the southern  country, is an absolute requisite.  In
 order that ventilation might not be interfered Avith, the building was placed on piers, from one and a half to three feet in height,
 according to the inequalities of the ground, so that a free circulation of air might be afforded from beneath the building, to the
 hollow square which it  enclosed.  The building outside and inside is surrounded by nine feet porticos.  Windows of large size
 are placed as close to each other as the strength of the structure would permit of. Large folding doors,  too, aid in ventilating. .
 The Avards are covered  Avith a ceiling of boards, above Avhich is  an  air  chamber formed by the roof, Avhich is rather  flat,  but
 over three feet from the ceiling at the apex.   In this ceiling are large doors which open and shut by means of ropes running through
 pulleys.  The air in this air-chamber escapes when heated  by the sun's  rays beating on the  roof, through ventilators placed
 at convenient distances  on the roof.   These ventilators are furnished with blinds to prevent the ingress of the rain, but afford
 no obstacle to the egress of the  heated air.   In the plan of the hospital  it Avas intended to have iron registers placed in the floor,
 AA-hich could be opened at will, to alloAV the air from beneath the hospital to enter.  These registers had not been placed in
 position before I left Hilton Head, as they had not arriA-ed from NeAV York.  I cannot say if they have been furnished or not.
 The kitchens, bath-rooms, Avash and store-rooms, are in a series of buildings placed in the centre of the square, equidistant from
 all parts of the hospital.  From these buildings an underground drain has been opened, by means of Avhich all the slops  are
 carried off to the sea beach.  The  water for the  use of the  hospital is  procured from wells in the square, of which some ten
 have been sunk.  The water is  soft and palatable.  The sinks  for the hospital are on the beach.  Piles have been driven beloAV
 high water mark and the privies are placed thereon.  A coArered Avay, built on piles, leads to the sinks.   The advantage of this
 position is the absence of all disagreeable  effluvia,  inasmuch as the rising of the tide, twice in every tAventy-four  hours, Avashes
 away  all the excrement that may have collected.  All the timber  used  in  the erection of the  building Avas brought from New
 York, and much  had to be considered in order to avoid all unnecessary expense, while adaptability Avas sought  for. The
 climate and position, too, had to be regarded.  The hospital is built  near to the sea beach and is exposed to all the Avinds from
 the north, east and south, and partially to  those from the west.   It is removed as far from the  fresh Avater swamps as possible,
 and is in as eligible a position as  could be found on the  Island.  I  am informed by Assistant Surgeon Semple, II. S. A.,
 who has charge of the  hospital, that, during the epidemic of yellow fever, in the  summer of 1862, no case Avas contracted in
 the hospital or in its immediate vicinity.   The square inclosed by the hospital buildings is one of three hundred and twenty-
 five feet.   The building is one story high,  Avith an  open space beneath  ranging from one and-a-half to three  feet.   From this
 style of building a perfect ventilation is afforded,  no matter from Avhat point the Avind may bloAV.   The floors, too, of  the
 hospital raised from the ground as they are, Avith a free circulation of air beneath them are ahvays dry.  I hold that the hospital
 at Hilton Head is as well ventilated, and as Avell laid out as the circumstances and inconvenience under Avhich it Avas built Avould
 permit of.   I am more  urgent  on this point, in consequence of seeing certain strictures cast upon  it in a Avork on hygiene,
 published by Lippincott, of Philadelphia,  and edited by W. A. Hammond, Surgeon General of the Army of the  United States.
 I see that the Surgeon General labors under a misconception of the  plan of the building, as he is under the impression that all
 the ventilation comes through the openings in the sides of the building, Avhich are only gates for the  entrance and exit of the
 ambulances and wagons.  The ventilation of the square comes from beneath the buildings, not through these  sallyports.  The
 hospital is represented to me by all the medical officers Avho have been on  duty in it, and  Avhom I have  had an  opportunity of
 conversing with,  as cool, pleasant, convenient and Avell ventilated.  At the siege of Fort Pulaski, which lasted thirty-six hours,
 the casualties on  the part of the federal troops consisted of one man killed by a shell throAvn into our batteries  from the fort.
 The casualties inside of  the fort were three men wounded, two of Avhom required amputations, Avhich operations Avere performed
 prior to  the surrender of the fort.  I knoAV not .what the results of these operations Avere, as I left Hilton Head on the 18th
 of April, a feAV days subsequent to the surrender.   I left Hilton Head on a leave of absence for twenty days, granted me by
 General Hunter.  On reporting my presence in Philadelphia, I Avas directed to report in person to the  Surgeon General in
Washington.  On reporting, I Avas detailed for duty as medical purveyor in Philadelphia, where I remained until  I Avas relieved
by Surgeon Robert Murray, U.  S. A.  Since then I haA*e been awaiting orders by direction of the Honorable Secretary of War.
                                             Your obedient seiwant,                               __________
                                                                                       GEORGE E. COOPER,
  Surgkon General  U.  S. Army, Washington, D. C"                                               Surgeon U.S.A.
CLXXXII.    Extracts from Report of the Casualties in a Skirmish at Coosaw River, January 1,
      1 862.   By  Surgeon G. E. Cooper, U. S.  Army, Medical  Director Department of the South.
      *  *  *  "A private of the 8th Michigan Avas  killed, and  an  officer and six men of the same regiment were Avounded,
and tAvo men of the 50th PennsyWania Avere Avounded.  The avouiuIs Avere all uncomplicated flesh  injuries, and the  Avounded
did Avell at the hospital at Hilton Head."       *      *
        30 
234
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—COAST  EXPEDITIONS.
CLXXXIIL—Extract from a  Narrative of his  Services in  the  Medical  ^taff.   By Assistant
      Surgeon D. C. Peters,  U. S.  Army.

      v  #  * "In April. 1831, and for many months previously, I Avas stationed atFortDaAds, Texas.  This post is on the southern
overland mail route to California, and is about four hundred and fifty miles northAvest of San Antonio, Texas.  The circumstances
of the troops in Texas, and  the  base surrender  of United States  property in  the State by the then commanding general
have become historical, and need not be recapitulated by me on this occasion.   My orders Avere to join the command  under
Brevet Lieutenant Colonel I.  V. D. Reeve, composed of companies of the 8th United  States Infantry, as it moved down the
country from New Mexico and Arizona, and to act in the capacity of surgeon.   In the month of April, 1861, Colonel Reeve's
forces, numbering over three hundred men arrived, and I immediately reported to that officer.  We proceeded on our route, and
Avere not molested until Ave reached Fort Clark, Texas, where we  found  the road barricaded, and the fort in readiness to resist
our approach.   Tavo of our officers had been dispatched ahead, to obtain supplies of Avhich Ave stood in need, and which we Avere
to receive at the different military stations on the route; but they  were here detained as prisoners until our command came up
A conference Avas held between our commanding officer and the person in charge of the fort.  The latter informed us that war
had been declared, and had already commenced, betAveen the northern and southern states; that Fort Sumter had been captured,
and other feats  had been performed by the rebels.   He, however, released our officers,  furnished us provisions, and gave as an
excuse for his hostile conduct, that they had heard we Avere adATancing Avith our troops and several thousand Indian allies, to
recapture Fort  Clark.  Acting under our instructions,  and placing but little faith in this man's statements, Ave advanced doAvn
the country, andAvere not again seriously molested until Avithin ten miles of San Antonio, Avhere Ave were surrounded by several
thousand Texan soldiers and  a demand Avas made for an unconditional surrender.  Our commander having already suspected
treachery, had  selected for his position a hill on which Avas a stone  house, and  every preparation Avas made to give the
enemy battle.   A flag of truce came in from General Van Dorn, stating that the force surrounding us Avere Confederate soldiers,
and Ave must yield to his superior numbers or suffer the consequences.  He alloAved Colonel  Reeve to send an experienced
officer to ride through  his lines and estimate his  strength.   On returning, this  officer reported  the enemy in  great force and
well  supplied  with  artillery.  Our  own  troops  were but  poorly furnished with ammunition,  had but a scanty  amount of
provisions, and Avere Avithout artillery.   At least seventy of the men Avere completely broken  doAvn by scun-y and chronic
diarrhoea, and all were more or less worn by continuous marches  over several hundred miles of desert country.  At a council
of war, it Avas decided that it Avould be a useless sacrifice of life to resist, as even should Ave be victorious,  which appeared
improbable, there was no chance of  our ultimate  success in  escaping  from  the country, for we Avere informed  that all
others of our soldiers had either vacated the  State or had been surrendered, and the transport intended for our use had been
captured, and was then in the hands  of the enemy.  It was reluctantly decided to yield to the demands of those Avho  had but
recently, Avhile  Ave Avere in strength and could  have defied them, given false assurances of being our friends.   Deeper infamy
never defaced  the pages of American history than was, in this instance, practiced against a handful of officers and soldiers
avIio had been  exposing their lives  and undergoing hardships in defence  of a State, whose people hoav proved themselves
incapable of even carrying out  a  solemn compact.  After the surrender, the command Avas  detained in San Antonio.  I was
allowed quarters for a hospital, and, Avith the means at my disposal, made the sick as comfortable as possible.   On giving up our
arms, it Avas understood that  the soldiers Avere  to be paroled and allowed the limits of the county of Bexar, and the officers the
limits of the so-called southern confederacy.  These paroles Avere not afterward fully recognized, as the surrender took place on the
9th of May, 1861, and  in the  following month  of  June, the  soldiers Avere marched off to a camp, Avhere they Avere kept under
guard, and all intercourse betAveen them and their officers Avas, by order of the authorities, suspended.  After twenty-two months
of confinement these  men Avere exchanged.   Finding myself of  no further  use to our men, I applied for,  and obtained,
permission to proceed to Richmond, Virginia, where I Avas in hopes of being released,  on the ground, that as a surgeon, I might
not be considered as an actual combatant.   I was aware that, in European countries, the custom had long since been established
of alloAving army surgeons to practice their humane calling, Avith  certain restrictions, without molestation, during the time, and
at the theatre of Avar, and in  our own country the same custom prevailed during the Mexican Avar.  My application met with
approval, and I Avas furnished Avith the necessary papers, to protect me Avhile  travelling.  I started on my journey June 22,
1S61, in company Avith two other officers.  We travelled to Galveston, Texas, and found the port blockaded by United States
oruisers, Avith which Ave were not alloAved to communicate.   From Galveston Ave travelled several hundred miles overland by a
circuitous route to New Orleans, Louisiana.  During this part of  our  journey we Avere subjected to innumerable hardships and
privations, and ran no small risk  of losing our lives, as Ave found the people excited against the general government, and under
very little civil  restraint.  On arriving in Richmond, Virginia, I reported  myself, according to  promise, as  a  prisoner of Avar.
My effort to obtain an unconditional  release was fruitless, but instead, after some delay, I Avas granted a very rigid parole, and
Avas informed that my only alternative Avas to accept it or remain  a  prisoner. After duly considering the subject, I signed the
paper, and Avas ordered to proceed north by Nashville, Tennessee.      *      *
      I was next ordered to  Fort Pickens, Florida, and started for that place April 2, 1862.   I Avent by Havana and Key West,
in the first conveyance that offered, and reached Fort Pickens, Avithout delay, about the 15th of the same month.  By Surgeon
John Campbell, IT. S.  A., senior  medical officer  at Santa  Rosa  Island, I  was  assigned to duty in the post hospital, and had
charge of the sick and  Avounded  of the regular artillery battalion, the numerical strength of which was in the neighborhood
of eight hundred men, Avith fifteen officers.   The other troops stationed on the island were the 6th and 75th NeAV York  Volunteers,
both of which  regiments were composed of most  excellent material, and Avere under  good discipline and drill.  The regulars
Avere model soldiers, and, by  their officers, were considered perfect in all that pertained to their special branch of  the service.
The health of  all these soldiers was far above the usual  standard in  garrisons more favorably located.  The men suffered
from  scur\-y, intermittent fever and diarrhoea, which sickness Avas caused, in a great measure, by the sameness of their diet, the
impossibility of obtaining fresh vegetables, and the inferior quality of the fresh meat, Avhich unavoidably became damaged in
transit.  Each  volunteer regiment had  its own hospital, and Avas Avell supplied with the substantials necessary for field service. 
                       REPORT  OF ASSISTANT  SURGEON  D.  C. PETERS,  U.  S. A.                   235

 Besides these three  hospitals, there Avas, at a distance of one and  three-quarter miles above the fort, a general hospital for the
 use of our Avorst cases.  On account of its eligible locality, it Avas constantly in use, and Avith beneficial results.  The supplies
 of medicines at the  fort Avere liberal, embraced a great variety, and  Avere a credit to the department.  During the long and
 faithful service at this isolated fort by Surgeon John Campbell,  he justly won  the esteem of both officers and men.  Li the
 early part of May, the enemy fired  forts McRae and Barrancas, and  also the marine hospital,  the town  of  Warrenton, their
 barracks, and the United States navy yard.   The conflagration was a fearfully grand spectacle.   Our heavy artillery immediately
 opened with the object of driving aAvay the incendiaries, and, in a measure, succeeded.   The firing commenced early in the
 evening and continued all night,  and Avas heard many miles at  sea.  It attracted the attention of  Commodore  Forter, on
 the United States frigate  Harriet Lane.   He  hastened  to  ascertain its cause.  The commander of the forces  at Fort Pickens,
 General L. G. Arnold, U. S. V., had matured a plan to make an assault on the Pensacola forts, but he had not facilities to  cross
 to make the attack.  Commodore Porter gave General Arnold  the  use of his  vessel, and  in  her, on the following day, six
 hundred regular soldiers crossed to the mainland to drive away the enemy and to arrest the conflagration.  I was ordered to
 accompany this expedition.  WTe landed Avithout opposition, and  at Fort Barrancas arrested  the fire, and took several  cannon
 and other trophies.   The Harriet Lane  brought us reinforcements,  and, Avhen all  was  ready, we marched on to  the  town
 of Pensacola, Avhich the enemy vacated as Ave entered it.   Our force not being  sufficiently strong  for  a further advance, our
 men, for several days afterAvard, Avere  employed  in fortifying the place, and saving as much property as could be gathered
 from the ruins.  The citizens remaining at Pensacola were found to  be in a destitute condition.   The city itself Avas filthy, and
 most of the wealthy people had deserted it. Our lines  had become extensive, and Ave required more troops to make the place
 tenable.  In close proximity to us, the enemy had a large force, easy to be reinforced from Mobile.   A request was sent to Key
 West for reinforcements, and the  91st  NeAV York volunteer regiment was dispatched to our aid. On the remains of the old
 Spanish fort, San Miguel, the  site commanding the  city and its  environs, our men were employed in  erecting fortifications,
 Avhich,  when completed, mounted ten guns.   The medical officers  were given suitable houses, and soon had  four capacious
 hospitals.  The toAvn Avas  thoroughly policed, and the quarters of  the men Avere thoroughly purified before they were occupied.
 The  health of the 91st New York Volunteers Avas miserable on its  arrival, but it was gradually improved by attending to the
 ordinary laAVS of hygiene and thorough discipline.  *  *  Pensacola  is nearly encircled by a SAvamp, and as the hot weather
 advances, this marsh, if neglected, dries up, and then commences a  bad miasm from decayed animal and vegetable matter.   That
 this might be prevented, measures Avere taken to dam up the outlets, and only let the water escape gradually.   In this manner
 the health of the city Avas  in a great measure preserved.   The principal  diseases we had to contend  against Avere intermittent,
 remittent and continued fevers, also diarrhoea and dysentery; yet, but few cases terminated  unfavorably.  In June,  1862, the
 Dengue or break-bone fever made its appearance, and was a troublesome complaint during the remainder of the season.   As it
 is considered a precursor of the yellow fever,  every precaution was now taken to  prevent that terrible scourge from making
 its  appearance.   The medical director issued stringent quarantine laAvs, which were faithfully carried  out;  and  thus our
 garrison escaped to a certain extent, although,  accidentally, the fever came near being forced  upon us.  At Mobile, the disease
 Avas reported to be raging at a fearful rate, having been  introduced there, it was said, by a rebel  steamer called the  Oreto,
 afterAvard the Florida, Avhich ran the blockade, and brought the  disease from  Havana.   At-Key West, yelloAV fever was causing
 sad haA'oc, and a naval officer, on his way to join Admiral Farragut's fleet, touched there, contracted the seeds of the disease,
 and on  reporting on board the flag ship Hartford, at the Pensacola navy yard, Avas taken down Avith  it, and soon died.  Others
 Avere soon affected, and several of these cases, I understood, terminated fatally.  The close proximity of the navy-yard to our
 forces rendered our danger extreme, yet we escaped Avith the  loss of only one man.  He was a regular  soldier, and was seized
 with  symptoms of the fever early in the morning, and  died in  the  hospital  under my charge the same day.  I made a post
 mortem, and found  pathological conditions Avhich satisfied me  of the  man's true complaint.  For reasons of policy, knoAving
 that the fear of disease predisposes men to it, I kept my  own counsel, destroyed the man's clothing, used antiseptics freely, and,
 in fine,  employed eATery means  in my poAver to prevent  the fever spreading.  Very fortunately I met Avith success, as no other
 case  occurred.  At  Pensacola a complaint was quite common  among the men last season Avhich was  neAV to me, and proved
 interesting.  It was called 'ground itch' by the loAver classes, and is no doubt akin  to scabies.   It is  vesicular  in character, and
 is confined to the feet and ankles.   Owing to the heat, the men were in the habit of going about in tbe sand  Avith  shoes on,
 but no stockings, and thus the parasite was first received and then spread.  Under the use of sulphur ointments and cleanlinesss
 the disease Avas easily eradicated.  Before closing the subject of yelloAV fever, I Avould here state that the island of Santa Rosa
 could be rendered available to troops serving in the Department of  the Gulf, as a place of  safe refuge, in case  they either  have
 or are threatened with this terrible epidemic.   There is no spot  on the western coast of Florida more favorable for establishing
 a large general hospital, either for the  army or navy, during  the time of Avar, and  experience has taught us its immense value
 in a sanitary point of  vieAV.
      In addition to the regular duties devolving upon me,  in attending to the regular battalion at Pensacola, I Avas directed by
 the commanding  general  to give my  professional services to  the citizens of the  city, and  supply them with all  necessary
 medicines.  The physicians belonging to the city had taken their departure, and some were serving with the rebel army. In
 giving my services to these poor people, mostly Avomen and  children, I found them ever  grateful, and it  Avas a  source of
 satisfaction to me to aid in alleviating their sufferings. The number of cases treated by me, among these citizens, far exceeded
 the same among the soldiery, and my time, especially at night, Avas fully occupied.  I found intermittent, bilious, and remittent
 fevers were more  common in this  locality than I had supposed, as my opinions had been  formed on this subject from medical
 works.  While stationed here, I accompanied  two expeditions up the Black Water River, in Avhich much valuable property
 belonging to the Navy Department was recaptured Avithout the loss of a man on our side.  Early in September, the companies
 of regulars stationed at Pensacola Avere ordered to New  Orleans, and I was directed to accompany them.  On arriving in New
 Orleans, Ave were encamped first in Annunciation square, and  afterAvard were moved  to  the Metarie race course, Avhere our
command used the visitors' stand for quarters.   A portion of the stand Avas appropriated for a hospital; I remained in charge of
this hospital, and, by order of the  medical director, Surgeon  Charles  McCormick, U. S. A., Avas detailed as acting medical 
 2:»G                          APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—COAST  EXPEDITIONS.

 inspector of the department.  In this capacity, I was employed in visiting hospitals, examining men who had been recommended
 for discharge by their regimental surgeons, and in rendering such other assistance as lay in my power.  All officers applvirii;
 for furloughs, or Avho contemplated resigning on the plea of ill health, had to be examined and have their certificates made" out
 by me, before they were presented to the medical  director.  The  buildings used for hospitals in the city and its environs were
 generally judiciously selected, and Avere the most  suitable buildings that could be obtained; the extensive experience of our
 Avorthy medical director, in treating diseases in this locality, enabled him to make some very important and beneficial improve-
 ments in them.   The two largest general hospitals Avere styled the St. James, formerly a hotel, and the Marine, a government
 building, Avhich, being erected upon made ground, Avas unhealthy.  There were, besides these, regimental and other hospitals
 scattered about  the city, and  at Carelton, six miles distant, Surgeon McCormick caused another general  hospital  to be
 established.  In proportion to the number of troops in the department, the amount of sickness Avas very large, and the care of
 them severely taxed the energies of the medical officers.  The rebel army had used up, destroyed, or carried aAvay most of the
 articles essential to the sick, on evacuating the city.  The supplies shipped from NeAV Y'ork Avere not equal to the demand for
 them, and, until Surgeon McCormick could establish manufactories and regulate the  means of promptly supplying them  there
 Avere some just grounds of complaint.  From the day of his first assuming charge of the department, there Avas a marvelous and
 steady improvement in the arrangements made for the care of the sick, and, under his able management, the sanitary condition
 of the city Avas  never heretofore equaled.  The greater part of the  soldiers  under Major General B. F. Butler Avere from the
 Eastern States, and were unused to the malaria and the heat of this section of the country.  Prior to occupying New Orleans,
 their health had been much undermined by service on Ship Island, in the Gulf.  The expedition under the late General Williams
 against Vicksburg, and the commencement of the canal opposite that city, greatly augmented the sickness in this department,
otherAvise  the men remained in  an  average state of health, compared Avith the natives.   The quarantine laAvs instituted by
General Butler, as after experience verified, had the effect of keeping the yellow fever from the city; although  cases of the
disease were quite numerous at the quarantine station, Avhich Avas located at a safe distance beloAV the city, and on the Mississippi
River.   At the race course, the regular battalion, both officers and men, suffered severely from intermittent fever, and it finally
became  necessary to change their position to a more eligible locality,  where the disease  abated toAvard the latter  part of
NoA-ember,  1862.  I was relieved from duty in this department, and received orders to take charge of Brigadier General L. (!.
Arnold,  U. S. V., who was laboring under general paralysis, the result of a coup de soleil, received while reviewing the brigade
under General Wreitzel, in the  streets of NeAV Orleans, and  to accompany him to his home in Boston, Massachusetts.  Our
voyage was made without accident, and Avas of great benefit to the general, Avhom  I left among his relatives, and then reported
myself at Washington."      *      *       *
 CLXXXIV.    Report of  the   Operations  of the Medical  Department at the Occupation of
      Roanoke Island.   By Brigade Surgeon W. PL  Church,  U.  S. Volunteers, Medical Director.
       " General  I have the honor to submit the folloAving report of the killed and Avounded of your command, consequent
 upon the attack on Roanoke Island, February 7,1862.   A small boat having been ordered on shore to reconnoitre, Avas attacked
 by the enemy, when Charles Viall, a private of Company E, of the 5th Rhode Island battalion, receiA'ed a wound in the lower
 jaAV, causing a compound comminuted fracture, from  which he  will probably recover.  February 8th, upon the advance of
 General J. G. Foster, the few houses and outhouses at Ashby's Landing Avere at once prepared for the reception of the Avounded,
 and placed in charge of Surgeon M. Storrs, 8th Connecticut Volunteers, his regiment having been ordered there to protect the
 landing of our forces and to hold the position.  Brigade Surgeon J. H. Thompson now advanced Avith the troops, to take charge
 of the Avounded on the field  of battle, Avhere he remained until  the battery Avas taken, assisting in the care of the wounded,
 and sending them, with the least possible delay, to the field hospital.  Through the energy of Dr. Thompson, much suffering has
 been  avoided.  Finding that there was not sufficient room in these buildings to receive the wounded, Ave  immediately took
 possession  of Ashby's house, a  short distance from the  first, aud quite as convenient to the field  of action.  The 5th Rhode
 Island battalion having been ordered to guard this point, Assistant  Surgeon A. Potter, Rhode Island Volunteers, took charge
 of it,  until  further assistance could be procured.  Surgeon David Minis, jr., 48th Pennsylvania Volunteers, who, after the death
 of Surgeon F. S. Weller, 9th New Jersey Volunteers, by droAvning at Hatteras  Inlet, Avas  detailed to serve with the 9th NeAV
 Jersey,  Avas soon  placed in charge of this temporary hospital, Avhere there was sufficient room  to receive all the Avounded not
 provided for.  During the action of this day, Colonel Charles L. Russell, of the 10th  Connecticut Volunteers, was shot through
 the lung, and died almost immediately.   Lieutenant Colonel Vigiuer de Monteuil, of the 53d NeAV York  Volunteers, Avas also
 killed, by a ball passing through his brain.  Accompanying this, you will find a list of the killed and Avounded of each regiment
 that participated in the engagement.  The surgical  portion of your command has performed its duties faithfully and fearlessly.
 Surgeon J. Marcus  Rice, of the 25th Massachusetts Volunteers, Avas Avounded in the midst of his very arduous duties.  The
 ball grazed his side, fortunately Avithout inflicting a severe wound.   We  have found three large,  commodious, and well
ventilated buildings erected  upon the island  for hospital purposes, Avhich will  afford ample accommodation for our sick and
Avounded.   The largest  hospital, at the north end of the island, I have placed in charge of Surgeon S. A. Green, of the 24th
Massachusetts Volunteers, and Surgeon George A. Otis, of the 27th Massachusetts Volunteers, has the management of the two
hospitals near the fort, at the centre of the island.   I Avould respectfully ask your attention to the fact that the Avounded of the
 enemy have received the same care and attention from the surgeons as our oavii wounded.  Permit me to take advantage of this
 opportunity to express our gratitude to the officers of the U. S. gunboat DelaAvare, the surgeon having  dressed a large number
 of our Avounded.
                                 I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                           WM. HENRY  CHURCH,
  To  General A.  E. Bi knsidic.''                                                            Brigade Surgeon U. S. V. 
                                    REPORTS  OF  MEDICAL  OFFICERS.                                237

CLXXXV.   Extracts from a  Report on  the  Battle  of  Roanoke Island.   By Surgeon  J. H.
     Thompson, U. S. Volunteers.
     #   *   *   "The 1st brigade,  General J. G. Foster's, of General Burnside's  division, landed on Roanoke Island on
April 7, 1862.  On the morning of the 8th, our troops engaged the enemy soon after dawn.  I selected the  best spot I could
find out of range of the enemy's battery to have the  Avounded brought to, but the  island being flat and marshy, there Avas no
perfect protection from the rifle balls.  During the time the action  lasted the men  fell very fast, and I found it  impossible to
separate regiments or brigades, and  instructed the surgeons on the ground to attend to any case which was first brought in
Avithout regard to regiments.   The spot which  Avas originally selected soon became filled, and one on the opposite side of the
road Avas cleared for the same purpose.   This I could  not visit during the engagement, but all Avho were  taken there Avere
Avell attended to by the surgeons in charge.  One hundred and twenty-two passed  under my direction, but very few of wliich
were slight Avounds.  The folloAving cases I considered it best to amputate on the field : One man with  both  lower extremities
shattered  by a cannon ball, one man with  his arm shattered above the elboAv, tAvo with compound comminuted fractures of the
loAver third of the femur by grape-shot.   Tavo others, with similar injuries, I directed the attending surgeons  to amputate.
With the exception of one case, all Avho were amputated on the field are doing well, and the exceptional case was complicated
bv a Avound in the abdomen, not discovered at the time.  *  *  There Avere seventeen  killed and one hundred and fourteen
wounded in the brigade."             *
CLXXXVI.   Extracts from Report of the Casualties at the Battle of New Berne.   By Brigade
     Surgeon V7.  H.  Church, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director.
      *   *  *  "I arrived at the rear of the field of action about eight o'clock a. m., and had just located the hospitals,
when the Avounded made their appearance.  Brigade Surgeon J. H. Thompson located his hospital in the Avoods at tbe rear
of the first  brigade.  Surgeon C. Cutter, 21st Massachusetts Volunteers, of the  second, located his on  the left of our line,
and Surgeon H. W. Rivers, 4th Rhode Island Volunteers, of the third brigade, established his in an open, well-sheltered wood,
just to the right of the first brigade.  From the list of casualties it Avill  be Avell understood that the labor  of the medical corps
has been very severe, especially after the long march and comfortless night before  the day of action.  The conduct of Surgeon
George Derby and Assistant Surgeon S. E. Stone, both of the 23d Massachusetts  Volunteers, is deserving of special mention.
Before the action opened, I located them at a point Avhich proved to be in the immediate range of the enemy's fire.  They must
have remained there two hours before I thought of their  position, when I found them quietly performing their operations, with
the  balls  falling thick and  fast.  I immediately ordered Dr. Derby to remove his Avounded  to  a house  in a more  protected
position, where he remained in charge of his own, and of many other wounded.   *  *  Drs. Upham, Kneeland, Batchelder,
and Clarke joined us at Hatteras Inlet, and Avere of great assistance, both in the field and in hospital."
 GLXXXVII.   Extracts from a Narrative of his Services during the  War.   By Surgeon B.  B.
      Breed, U. S.  Volunteers.
      *  *  *  " My first commission in  the service dates April 16, 1861, when, as Surgeon of the 8th Massachusetts Militia,
 I proceeded to Annapolis, and afterAvard  to Washington.  *  *  The regiment was not under fire  during its term of service,
 and the only medical fact worthy of note,  is its comparative immunity from disease.  Of the eight hundred men composing it,
 none had  undergone a physical  examination; but, though  subject to much exposure,  none  died.  *  *  After  six months,
 occupied principally in the examination of recruits, I Avas assigned to the Circle hospital in Washington, afterAvard to Armory
 Square and Finley hospitals, and on November 1, 1862, as medical purveyor at NeAV Berne.  *   *   The routine of duty in the
 department of North Carolina Avas monotonous; but one movement of importance taking place after my arrival, namely, an
 expedition to Goldsboro', January, 1863.  This movement  was marked by three engagements—at Kinston, Whitehall, and
 Goldsboro'.  I accompanied the expedition Avith  additional medical stores, and my duties were  principally confined to  the
 supplying of field hospitals with articles needed.  *  *  The column Avas composed  of  eighteen infantry regiments, four
 batteries,  and one regiment of cavalry.  They Avere all Avell equipped.  Each regiment was furnished with a hospital Avagon,
 panniers,  and a hospital knapsack, and a proper  allowance of hospital stores.  No hospital tents were carried.  The ambulances
 were of the two-wheeled Coolidge pattern.  They Avere insufficient in number, and nearly worn out.  In all these engagements
 the wounded were attended in houses on or near the battlefield.  Good water was generally accessible, and  sufficient supplies
 of soups,  bread, and farinaceous food and stimulants were provided from the stores in my possession.  The wounded were
 removed from the fields of action to the  field hospitals by  detachments of men  selected by the regimental surgeons.   The
 ambulances for each brigade were under the  charge of the  senior surgeons of brigade.  *  *  The wounded at Kinston and
 Whitehall were left at the field hospitals, under charge of surgeons detailed for  the purpose, until the return of the column
 from Goldsboro'.  Nearly one half of the  wounded, numbering in all, five hundred, were carried to New Berue in ambulances
 or army wagons.  The others were taken  below  Kinston, on the Neuse River, on board of a stern-wheel flat-bottomed steamer,
 and on a scow towed by the steamer.  The wounded were much crowded on these boats.  The facilities for cooking were very
 limited.  Only by constant exertion were we  able to furnish the necessary supplies.  In the narrow  and crooked  river, the
 steamer, cumbered by  the scoav, was  nearly unmanageable, and we were twenty-nine  hours  in accomplishing the  voyage of
sixty miles.  The nights were excessively cold, but  the men were well provided with extra blankets.  *  *  The Avounded
were all placed in hospital at New Berne.   Almost all the operations were primary, and were  performed at the field hospitals.
Chloroform was almost invariably employed as an anaesthetic, and  without bad effects in any case.  *   *   On this expedition
the following articles were taken by me on two  large army wagons: eighty bed sacks, two hundred blankets, forty pounds of 
238                         APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—COAST  EXPEDITIONS.

tea, fifty pounds of candles, forty-eight pounds of ether, ten ounces of sulphate of morphia, ten pounds of simple cerate, one
hundred dozen bandages, twelve dozen bottles of Avhiskey. twelve dozen of Avine, tAvo pounds of toAV, forty strips of pasteboard,
forty-eight ounces of tincture of opium, ten pounds of Dover's poAvder, one hundred dozen opium pills, fifty yards of adhesive
plaster, two sets of assorted splints, ten ounces of sulphate of iron, one pound of liquor of ammonia, ten pounds of lint, twentv-
five gutta percha bed covci s. one hundred dozen quinine pills, tAventy ounces sulphate of quinia, one hundred dozen compound
cathartic pills, fifteen pounds of flax-seed meal, one set of horse panniers, one hospital knapsack, six basius, tAvo bed pans, one
hospital mess chest, tAvo lanterns.
      At the commencement of an  engagement, these wagons, Avhich,  on the march. Avere placed in rear of the ambulance"
train, and in front of the  supply train, Avere brought to the houses selected for the field hospitals, and such articles as Avert! of
immediate use issued  to the surgeons in charge.  The bed sacks Avere filled Avith corn shucks, and, Avith the army blankets,
furnished  clean  and comfortable beds for the Avounded, as they Avere brought in from the field.  There avhs a deficiency of
cooking utensils, which will be obviated as soon as the new medicine Avagons, already ordered, shall be  furnished to the
department.  I am convinced that extra stores thus provided, can be of great benefit in case of  an engagement;  they should be
assigned in definite quantities to each division, under charge of an officer Avhose duty it should be, on the eve of an engagement,
to bring these Avagons  to the places selected for field hospitals, to  prepare a kitchen and food  for immediate  use.  Such an
arrangement would obviate the necessity, on the part of the regimental surgeons, of burdening themselves with extra stores.
The ordinary knapsack and panniers contain supplies sufficient for the ordinary Avants of a regiment on the march.  The officers
detailed Avith each division, could discharge the duties of acting assistant medical  purveyors, accounting for their issues with
invoices and receipts, as vouchers to the medical purveyor of the corps."      *      *


CLXXXVIIL   Extracts from Reports relative to  the Operations of the Medical Staff in  the
      Department of North  Carolina, from August,  18G3, to  the Close of the  War.   By Surgeon
      D. W. Hand, U. S. Volunteers,  Medical Director in  North  Carolina.

      *  *   *   "On August 14, 1863,1 relieved Surgeon F. G. Snelling, U. S. V., as medical director of North Carolina.   *  *
On assuming charge of the medical department, I found fourteen thousand troops in  the district.  Seven thousand of them
were in and about  NeAV Berne.  Most of them were  encamped on the outskirts of the town, and betAveen it and the extensive
SAvamps everywhere surrounding NeAV Berne.   They Avere in either stockade tents or  temporary barracks, and for the most
part were in a good state of discipline.  One regiment, the 27th Massachusetts Volunteers, Avas doing provost guard duty, and
was quartered in large dAvelling houses in the town.   Extensive entrenchments had recently been throAvn up around the city,
ditches had been dug, and a belt of brush and timber about one mile Avide had been cleared in front of the breastworks.  During
September and October, it was found that  the intermittent and  remittent fevers  prevailed extensively.  The number of men
daily off duty on account of sickness being from forty to one hundred and sixty-eight in each regiment.  A number of cases of
congestive fever occurred, producing death within from six to thirty hours after the attack.  I have reason to belieA'e that some
of these cases Avere mistaken for cerebro-spinal meningitis by the medical officers in attendance.  Considering  the amount of
sickness, hoAvever, at this time, the  mortality Avas not  great.  Each regiment had a hospital of its own, Avith a liberal supply
of medicine and stores, and most of  the medical officers were active and intelligent.  There Avere also in NeAV Berne two general
hospitals for the reception of such cases as the regimental surgeons saAV fit to send to them.  In October, these hospitals Avere
united under the charge of Surgeon  J. Delamater, U. S. V., and thereafter formed the Foster general hospital, with a capacity
of five hundred beds.  To this hospital were brought chronic and tedious cases from all parts of the district.  The regiment
quartered in the city suffered very little from malarial  fevers, and all'through the fall  was remarkably healthy.  It was also
noticed that the 92d  New York Volunteers, stationed  at Fort Anderson,  on the east bank of the Neuse River, and where the
prevailing soutlnvest wind reached it only after passing over a two mile  stretch of water, was remarkably free from intermittent
fever, and its sick list was Arery small. A number of fatal cases of congestive feA'er, howeATer, occurred among these men.
      In November and December,  1863, six regiments, numbering about thirty-five hundred men, Avere ordered to Fort Monroe.
No active operations Avhatever Avere undertaken in North Carolina by the  remaining troops, and through the winter they did
merely garrison  and light picket duty.   During the winter of 1863 and 1464, small  pox prevailed extensively among the
refugees and negroes congregated in and about New Berne.   Every effort was made to protect  the soldiers by vaccination; but
twenty-seven of them had variola or varioloid, and six died.  Sarracenia purpurea was  at this time extensively used in the
treatment of small pox; but Avithout any beneficial result.  The hospital accommodations for small pox patients at New Berne are
excellent.  Around Beaufort harbor, doing garrison duty at Beaufort, Fort Macon, Morehead city, and NeAvport, were stationed
about two thousand tAvo hundred men, Avho, during  the  fall of 1863, escaped the malarial fevers and were in excellent health.
On the line of the  railroad  from New Berne to  Morehead city were two stations, Croatan and Havelock,  Avhere, from fifty to
one hundred men Avere constantly  kept.   These posts were in  the midst of SAvamps, and the men suffered so much from
intennittent fever, that they had to be relieved  every ten days.   Farther doAvn on the railroad, at NeAvport, Caroline city, and
Morehead city, the prevailing winds came directly from the sea, and the troops at these points Avere  free from  malarial fever.
Several regiments  much  broken down by sickness, near NeAV  Berne, Avere removed, on my recommendation,  to these places
with marked benefit.  At Morehead city, the  Mansfield general hospital Avas  opened in  September, lt03, Avith a capacity of
three hundred beds.   A general hospital,  Avith a capacity of tAvo hundred beds Avas already in operation at Beaufort, on the
opposite side of the sound.  To these hospitals, the convalescents  and slight fever cases Avere removed from  the post and
regimental hospitals at N>av Berne,  Washington, and Plymouth, and the patients rapidly recovered.   It Avas noticed, however.
that very many men  coming to the sea  shore from the interior Avould  haA'e chills developed at once, and others would have
slight attacks, much aggravated at first.   It Avas found to be the same Avith persons going north Avho had long been exposed to
the malarial poison.  Washington, North Carolina, Ava.s  garrisoned by a force of eighteen hundred nan.  This town is on  the 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  D. W.  HAND,  U.  S. V.                         239
Tau River, and is nearly surrounded by SAvamps and Ioav marshes.  The pickets Avere close in.  The entrenchments about the
toAvn Avere early  thrown up and very circumscribed.  Much slashing had  been done in front of the breastworks, and a fine
grove of cedar trees on  the  river bank, southwest of the toAvn, had been  foolishly cut doAvn.   In consequence, the malarial
fevers this fall Avere A-ery violent, and prevailed to an alarming  extent.  Few men there escaped an attack of chills, and in
October, cases of congestive fever Avere very frequent,  Most of these at first proved  fatal;  but through  the energy and
promptness of the medical officers on duty there, these cases soon became manageable, and nearly all recovered.  It was noticed
that the men Avere generally seized at night, and often Avhile on  guard, and finding that only the most vigorous and prompt treat-
ment promised success, the medical officers arranged to have bath  tubs and hot Avater constantly on hand at their hospitals, and
skilled attendants on duty there night and day.  A hot bath, with internal  stimulation and free doses of quinine Avas found to
be the successful  treatment.  Assistant Surgeon P. J. Nichols, 58th Pennsylvania Volunteers, was particularly efficient at this
time.   I repeatedly noticed that the men recovering from this congestive form of feA'er had a peculiar appearance of the eyes
for several Aveeks after, looking as though there had been some effusion on the brain.  In December, the health of the command
Avas much improved, and nothing serious occurred there afterAvard.  In April, 1864, Washington was evacuated by order of
Major  General Butler, and most of the  troops Avere transferred  to Bermuda  Hundred.  Plymouth, North  Carolina,  had a
garrison of three thousand men, five regiments, and the commanding officer kept the troops in good spirits by occasional
expeditions to points  on the different rivers  emptying into Albemarle Sound. ■ As at Washington, the troops  and the newly
erected breastworks Avere close upon the  toAvn.   Much slashing had been done.  The Roanoke River is here very deep, and its
current swift; but the shores are Ioav, and opposite the toAvn the  Avater spreads out for miles among the cypress roots and tall
rank grass.  In September, October, and November, 1863, this command suffered severely from malarial fever.  At times, full
one half the men Avould be off duty on account of  sickness, and all suffered more or less from intermittent fever.  Few cases of
congestive feA-er, hoAvever, occurred, and the mortality Avas  not great.  As cold Aveather came on, the health  of the men
improved; but no active operations were undertaken,  and, on April 20, 1864, Plymouth, Avith its garrison Avas captured by
the enemy.  A stout defence Avas made,  and our loss before the  surrender Avas twenty-two killed, and eighty-two wounded.
The Avounded fell into the hands of the  enemy, and it is believed that most of them  died while  prisoners.   *  *   Since  the
capture of Roanoke Island, about five hundred men  have usually been kept there.   The Avestern part of the island Avhich is
swampy, proved  to be unhealthy, AA-hile the eastern and northern portions being near the sea, Avere found to be nearly free from
malarial fever.  At Hatteras Inlet, one  hundred  and fifty men have done garrison duty since the capture of the forts there.
They have always been free  from  epidemic or endemic disease.  *  *
       On February 1, 1864, a rebel force under command of Major General  Pickett attempted  to capture NeAV Berne.  The
troops on outpost duty Avere  driven in, and the reinforcements  sent to them Avere met by the enemy and badly beaten.  Our loss
was tAventy killed and about eighty wounded.  Three hundred men Avere taken prisoners.   The Avounded fell into the hands
of the enemy. Ample preparations were made at the Foster  hospital for the reception of the Avounded at this time; but, after
besieging the town tAvo days, and making one unsuccessful assault, General Pickett withdrew his troops.  Another expedition
against NeAV Berne Avas undertaken the following May by General Hoke, but his forces Avere called to the relief  of Petersburg,
Virginia, before he had accomplished anything.  On June 4,1864, tAvo large torpedoes were accidentally exploded at Bachelor's
Creek, an outpost of NeAV Berne, instantly killing thirty-six soldiers and eight negroes, and seriously Avounding twenty-nine
men attached to the 132d New  York Volunteers.  Many of the  latter casualties involved  compound fractures and extensive
lacerations of the soft parts.  Almost Avithout exception these cases did  Avell, and from the most terrible  injuries the men
recovered with useful limbs.  They Avere  treated  at the Foster  hospital,  Surgeon C. A. Cowgill, U. S. V., being  in charge.
The command in North  Carolina was reduced by  order of Major  General Butler in May, 1864, to five thousand  men, and these
were kept closely in garrison.  During the summer the general health Avas  good, but early in September an epidemic of yellow
fever appeared at NeAV Berne, and seized on nearly  every soldier Avho Avas exposed to it.  The regiment doing provost guard
duty, the 15th Connecticut Volunteers, was immediately moved outside the toAvn, and all the patients  in hospital able to bear
transportation Avere, as fast as possible, removed to Morehead City and Beaufort.  About six hundred soldiers  had the fever,
of whom two hundred and eighty died.  A special report on this subject was made in April, 1865.
       No operations of any special importance Avere undertaken by this command during the Avinter of 1864-'65; but in January,
Major General Terry, Avith  a portion of the  army of tbe James, stormed and captured Fort Fisher,  North Carolina. Tavo
hundred and ten of the Avounded from  this battle Avere brought  to Mansfield  general hospital,  at Morehead City, Avhere the
necessary operations Avere performed by Assistant Surgeon J. M. Palmer, 85th New York Volunteers.  The Avounds of these
men healed  Avith remarkable rapidity, and the men nearly all  recovered much sooner than Avas expected.  I have thought that
the stimulating effects of the victory they had Avon had much to do with it.   On  February 12, 1865, I received an order from
the War Department requiring me to report directly to the Surgeon General's Office as medical director of the troops in North
Carolina; but being  directed by Major General  Schofield, Avho soon after  assumed command of the department of North
Carolina, to remain in New Berne, I did not superintend the medical department of the army in the field during the operations
against Wilmington, or on its march from that place to Kinston, North Carolina.  Surgeon EdAvard Shippen, U. S. V., medical
director of the Twenty-third  Corps, Avas Avith the  commanding general  at  this time, and acted as medical  director of the
active forces.  His  reports  Avere not forwarded  through my office.  This closes my report for the district of North Carolina,
and is complete for all operations in Avhich I Avas concerned there until March 1, 1865.
       " I have the honor to make the folloAving report concerning the operations of the medical department in  North Carolina
from  March 1, 1865, until the close of the Avar: The State of North Carolina having been made a distinct  department, under
command of Major  General Schofield, active operations were at once begun with a view to aiding General Sherman in  his
movement against General Johnston's army.   During the latter part of February, all the available troops in the former district
of North Carolina were concentrated at  New Berne under command of Brevet Major General Palmer.   The 1st division of the
TAventy-third Corps, under  command of Brevet  Major General Ruger, arrived  there from the Avest, and  also a provisional
division, composed of recruits and stragglers from General Sherman's army at the time it left Atlanta, Georgia.   The whole 
210
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--COAST  EXPEDITIONS.
of this force, about thirteen thousand strong, was commanded by Major General  Cox, and Avas moved out from Ncav Berne on
March 3d, folloAving the line of railroad to Kinston and  Goldsboro', North Carolina.  The transportation of the Twenty third
Corps not having arrived, all the ambulances that could be spared from the post of NeAV Berne were sent with this force under
charge of an officer avIio was temporarily attached to the staff of General Cox.  Not more than one ambulance to each thousand
men was thus provided;  but  as  the troops Avere ordered to proceed  only by the line of railroad, and little  faster than the
track could  be relaid behind them, this amount of transportation for the Avounded was found sufficient.  Surgeon P. B. Rice
132d Ncav York Volunteers, accompanied General Palmer's division ns  gnrgeon-in-chief; Surgeon J. H. Spurnier, 123d Indiana
Volunteers,  that of General Ruger, and Surgeon S. S. Mumford, U. S. V., the provisional  division under command of Brigadier
General Carter.   These officers Avere directed to send their sick to Ne\v Berne by railroad, and, in  case of battle, to keep their
temporary hospitals as near the line of railroad as possible, and to forAvard all the  Avounded to  New Berne as fast as the
temporary dressings Avere applied.  In New Berne, preparations Avere made for a large increase of patients, and by extending
the hospital accommodations  mainly near the railroad,  Ave Avere enabled, notAvithstanding our deficient ambulance force to
transfer the  sick and Avounded rapidly from the front to our wards,   TTie Foster general  hospital, under charge of Surgeon C.
A. CoAA'gill,  U. S. V., had its accommodations at this time increased to fifteen hundred  beds, and a feAV Aveeks later its capacity
was extended to three thousand beds. On  the 8th, 9th and  10th of  March, the enemy, under General Hoke, attacked our
forces near Kinston, North Carolina, but was driven back each day.   They captured, however, seven hundred of our men, and
killed and wounded about three hundred.   The Avounded were promptly removed from the field, and all of them conveyed
to New Berne within from twelve to thirty-six hours after the action.  The more serious cases were, as fast as they became able
to travel, transferred by hospital steamer to the north.   The  enemy  retreated  from before Kinston on March 10th, and, on
March 14th, that toAvn  Avas occupied by General Cox.  He Avas joined, on March 11th, by the  2d and 3d divisions  of the
TAventy-third Corps from Wilmington, under command of Major General Couch; and General Schofield, Avho arrived at the
front on March  8th, assumed command of the Avhole force.  After resting the troops  at Kinston six days, waiting for the
rebuilding of the railroad bridge over the Neuse River,  they Avere, on March 20th, put in motion for Goldsboro', Avhich place
Avas reached without opposition the next day.  Major General Terry, with a portion of the Tenth Corps  from Wilmington,
iioav joined General Schofield, and, on March 2Sd, General Sherman arrived Avith his whole army.  The troops belonging to
General  Schofield's department of North  Carolina, comprising the  Tenth and Twenty-third Corps,  were noAV united as the
army of  the Ohio, and hereafter formed the  centre of General Sherman's army.  Surgeon EdAvard Shippen, U. S. V., Avas at
this time announced as  medical director of the army of the Ohio.  Temporary hospitals were prepared  by Surgeon Shippen at
Goldsboro',  but  all serious cases Avere transferred  to  NeAV  Berne;  so, also, Avere the sixteen hundred Avounded brought by
General  Sherman from  the battles of Averysboro' and Bentonville, North Carolina, and  all the sick of his  army.  On March
8th, the  Mansfield general hospital at Morehead City was broken up  by General Sherman's chief quartermaster,  and the
buildings were used for storage.   Anticipating the demand for increased hospital accommodations as soon as General Sherman
should reach Goldsboro', I immediately reopened this hospital at Beaufort, and increased its capacity to  six hundred beds.
By this hospital  and the Foster at Ncav Berne, Avitli a capacity of three thousand beds, AveAvere noAV enabled to receive all the
sick and wounded  from Goldsboro' until they could be shipped north  by the  three hospital steamers at that time ordered to
Beaufort Harbor.  On April 10th, General  Sherman's Avhole army marched against  General Johnston, of  course sending" to
New Berne all the accumulated sick  of the tAVOAveeks of rest. No opposition Avas offered by the enemy, and our forces occupied
Raleigh  on  April 13th.  Soon after, an armistice Avas granted by General Sherman, and it being folloAved by the surrender
of General Johnston's army, no more fighting took place  in North Carolina.
       On April  29th, the  right and left Avings of General Sherman's army marched from Raleigh for Washington and home,
leaving in the department of North Carolina the TAventy-third and Tenth  Corps, and a division of cavalry under Major General
Kilpatrick.  The sick Avere, at this time, gradually brought doAvn to the hospitals at NeAV Berne and Beaufort, and  transferred
to the hospital steamers Avhenever they came in.  This process was continued through the months of May and June, and until
a large proportion  of troops in the department were mustered out of service.   I Avas  officially announced as medical  director
of the department  of North  Carolina on March 15th, but OAving  to  the difficulty of communicating with Wilmington,  no
report from there  reached my office during  that month.   I therefore hastened, immediately after the occupation of Goldsboro'
and  the proper disposition of  the sick and Avounded brought in by  General Sherman, to visit that place.   I arrived there on
April 2d, and found Surgeon  George C. Jarvis, 7th Connecticut Volunteers, acting as chief medical  officer.  Surgeon Jarvis
Avas Avorking hard, and, Avith  the medical officers under him, doing  all he could for  the sick; but there was a sad Avant of
system, and OAving to the  death  of several prominent medical officers, and the  sickness of most of the others, the records
of the hospitals Avere in a very confused and  unsatisfactory condition.  At that time there Avere in Wilmington fourteen district
hospitals, Avith an aggregate of twenty-three hundred  patients.  Some of these  patients were exchanged prisoners, but most
of them were recruits and other soldiers taken sick on  their way to join General  Sherman's army, and colored  soldiers sent to
the rear by General Terry Avhile  on  his march to Goldsboro.'   The sick Avere in dwelling-houses, railroad  depots, and  other
unsuitable places, and the mortality  among them had  been  very great, although  at this  time greatly reduced.   Of eighty-six
hundred  exchanged prisoners  received at northeast North Carolina on February 25th and 26th, thirty-six hundred were so ill
as to require immediate  hospital treatment, and to be  unable to travel on common transports.  These men Avere first placed
in the temporary hospitals to which I referred, where an  epidemic feArer broke out, carrying off many of them, and extending
not only to  the  troops stationed  there, but to  the citizens in  all parts of the  toAvn.   A special report on  that feA-er will be
forwarded by me.  At the time of my visit, April 2d, that fever still prevailed in Wilmington, and the city being very filthy,
it was thought best  to remove all the men in hospital from this place as soon as possible.  The tAvo regiments doing duty there
had already been encamped outside  the town.  With  that  vieAV, arrangements Avere at once made to open a general hospital
of a thousand beds at Smithville, on  the Cape Fear  River, tAventy-three miles below  Wilmington.  The hospital steamer
General Barnes arrived at that time, and took on board the remainder of the exchanged prisoners.   Most of  the small hospitals
were closed, and  two large churches  Avere  seized and prepared for use as hospitals until  such time as the balance of the white 
                              REPORTS OF  SURGEONS HAND  AND  WIRTZ.                          241
                                    »
sick could be removed.  The colored soldiers were all removed to a hospital just outside the town.  Surgeon George C. Jarvis,
7th Connecticut Volunteers, was placed in  charge  of all the hospitals thus arranged.  The Smithville general hospital Avas
placed in charge of Surgeon J. M. Palmer, 3d NeAV York Volunteers, and, at my request, Surgeon S. S. Mumford, U. S. V., was
relieved from duty in the  field, and ordered to report to the  commanding  general of the  district of Wilmington.  Not many
patients Avere after  this sent to Wilmington, and by May 1st the hospitals Avere nearly empty, and the city quite  healthy.
Early in May, the purveying depot at Wilmington was  broken up, and the stores  removed to NeAV Berne.   It had generally
provided Avell for the Avants of the sick in and about Wilmington.  The medical purveying depot at NeAV Berne, under charge
of Surgeon N. Mayer, 16th Connecticut Volunteers, was kept constantly Avell supplied Avith medicines and  stores, and issued
rapidly on all proper requisitions from General Sherman's army,  as Avell as for the department of North Carolina.  Most of the
patients in general  hospitals Avere mustered out of service, and  in compliance Avith instructions from the Surgeon General's
Office, the expenses  of the  medical department Avere rapidly reduced in May and June.  Nearly all the contract surgeons and
nurses Avere discharged.  The Mansfield general hospital at Heaufort, and the Wilmington general hospital, Avere closed on
June 25th.   The Foster general hospital Avas removed from NeAV Berne to the hospital  buildings at Morehead City, and its
capacity reduced to four hundred beds.   The Smithville  general hospital was also  reduced to two hundred beds, and all
surplus property turned in to the quartermaster and medical purveyor.  During the summer months, the number of troops in
the department Avas  constantly reduced by muster out, the medical staff being reduced in tbe same proportion.  On September
17th, the Smithville hospital Avas finally closed, and on October 30th, the Foster general hospital at Morehead City Avas broken
up.  On November 18, 1865,  I Avas relieved from duty as medical director of the department of North Carolina.
                                        Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                                D. W. HAND, Surgeon U. S.  V.
  To the  Surgeon General, United States Army."
CLXXXIX.   Extract from a letter to the Surgeon General relative to Skirmishes near Kinston,
     North Carolina.   By Surgeon D.  \V. Hand, U.  S. V., Medical Director.
      *  *  *  "A series of skirmishes took place during March 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th, and most of the Avounds were from
musketry at short range.  Two division hospitals were established in the rear.  The wounded Avere carried to them on stretchers,
which Avere well supplied and managed.  From the hospital they were taken over a very bad road in ambulances six miles to
the railroad terminus.  The railroad  Avas not in condition to transport the Avounded speedily or well, and  they Avere from one
to three days in reaching New Berne.  Most of them, however, arrived at the Foster general  hospital in New Berne in good
condition. The force present during the fighting Avas about fifteen thousand; engaged, eight thousand."
 CXC.   Extract from a Report on the Casualties at Morris Island in August and September,
     1863.   By Surgeon Horace  K. Wirtz, TJ. S. Army, Medical  Director of the Department of
     the South.
      *   *  *  "After the assault of July 10th, a regular approach by parallels was commenced, and batteries were erected in
 the rear to fire at Forts Sumter and Wagner.  On August 17th, the formal attack  opened on Fort Wagner, Gregg and Sumter,
 and by the 24th, Sumter was a mass of ruins.  The  siege of  Fort Wagner Avas vigorously pressed, and on the morning of
 September 7th, it Avas found that the enemy had  evacuated the  Avork.   Since that date  Forts Wagner and Gregg have been
 strengthened under a continuous fire from the rebel batteries on James's Island  and  Fort Moultrie.  A fire of musketry has
 also been occasionally noticed from Fort Sumter,  and some wounds of this nature have occurred among our working parties.
 On the evacuation of Fort Wagner several accidents happened to our men from the explosion of torpedoes, some of the injuries
 being of the most frightful character.  It will be seen that by far the largest number of Avounds are the result of shell; over tAvo
 hundred and fifty out of about three hundred.  The remainder are from bullets, the conoidal ball principally.  From round shot
 only two cases are reported.  There are also four cases of injury from torpedoes.   The head and upper and lower extremities
 appeared  to have  suffered most.  Out of about  three hundred cases, the head was  injured in about  fifty cases, the  upper
extremities the same, and the loAver extremities in about seventy-five cases.  There Avere eight cases of fracture of the femur,
all of the middle third, and fourteen cases of wounds of joints.  The great cavities were injured in twenty-two cases.  The
number of killed was thirty-five, or about teu per cent, of the whole number."
 CXCI.  Extracts from a Report  on Wounded after the Assault on Fort  Wagner, in July, 1863.
      By Surgeon J. J. Craven, U. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "In accordance with instructions received from Surgeon C. H. Crane, U. S. A., then medical director of the
 department of the South, I proceeded to Folly Island, on July 8, 1863.  After making a survey of the field, I  established a
 hospital by erecting  several hospital tents upon the beach, or ocean shore, about half a mile from the point batteries.  I
 chose the position for the purpose  of securing  good air, and a good road for  the transportation of wounded from the front;
 the beach being as hard as a Macadamized road.  This hospital being prepared  and completely furnished, on the evening of the
 9th, Avas placed in charge of Surgeon W. W. Brown, 7th New Hampshire Volunteers, Surgeon C. M.  Clark, 39th Illinois Vol-
unteers, and Surgeon M. S.  Kittenger, 100th New York Volunteers.   Surgeon G. S. Burton, 3d Rhode Island Heavy Artillery,
Assistant Surgeons W. D. Murray,  100th New York Volunteers, T. C. Brainerd, U. S. A., and S. Bunton, 7th New Hampshire
        31 
242
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--COAST  EXPEDITIONS.
Volunteers, I placed in the batteries, well protected by splinter proofs, and furnished Avith litters, dressings, and restoratives
At sunrise on the morning of the 10th, our batteries opened, ceasing fire at eight o'clock, when the ambulance train proceeded
to the front, finding two men Avounded, and one killed.  *  *   I had placed upon the beach, at a safe distance from the batteries
an ambulance loaded with all the  necessary supplies for a field hospital.   As soon as our forces had established a footing upon
Morris Island, I hurried to Light-house Inlet, and placing my stores and ambulance upon a boat, I immediately embarked for
Morris Island.   *   *   Upon reaching the island, I reloaded my ambulances, and advanced to a secure place and  established a
field hospital, where I gathered the wounded, making them comfortable, and sending them to the inlet, thence by boat to Folly
Island, where they Avere conveyed to the beach hospital.   By  midnight of the 10th, I had  five ambulances on Morris Island  a
ferry established to connect Avith the ambulance train  on Folly Island, making the beach hospital on Folly Island but half an
hour to the rear ; and by four o'clock on the morning of the 11th, the field Avas clear, except of a feAV rebel wounded remaining
in a hospital occupied by Surgeons Hapwood and Hannehan, of the Confederate  army.   Flying the yellow flag, thev were left
with the hospital for the purpose of keeping the place,  the point being Avithin range of Fort Sumter and the ground occupied by
our troops.  On the morning of the 11th, an unsuccessful assault being made upon Fort Wagner, I commenced removing the
wounded to the boats, and forwarding them to Folly Island. Learning that the hospital steamer Cosmopolitan had reached
Stono Inlet, and anchored at Pawnee Landing, on the opposite side of the island, less than one half of a mile  from the beach
hospital, I dispatched a communication directing  Surgeon Bontecou, U. S. V., in charge of the Cosmopolitan, to commence the
removal of the Avounded from the beach to the Cosmopolitan.   *  *  In the charge, on the morning of the 11th, there were eleven
killed, ninety-nine wounded, and one hundred missing.  *   *   I learned that  Surgeon Elliot, U. S. V., of General  Strong's
brigade, had, contrary to my orders, established a hospital some half a mile still in the advance, where he Avas conveying the
wounded.  I reported this to  Surgeon Crane, Avho Avas  then  present upon the island.  Surgeon  Crane called  Surgeon Elliot
and, in my presence, charged him with insubordination,  and  informed him that I was chief medical officer, and that he must
respect and obey me accordingly.   Surgeon Elliot continued, hoAvever, to ignore my authority, and persisted  in establishing
independent hospitals upon different parts of the field.  Finding the position occupied by the field hospital untenable on account
of the fire from Fort Sumter, I sent to Folly Island for the tents at the beach hospital, and selected a position upon the extreme
point and ocean shore of Morris Island, where  I caused to be erected a field hospital, and bringing over the remaining
ambulances from Folly Island, I established a line of transportation  along the outer  beach, and under cover of the sand hills,
to within half a mile of Fort Wagner.  Surgeon  M. S. Kittenger, 100th New  York Volunteers, Surgeon S. F. Forbes, 67th
Ohio Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeon W. D. Murray, of the 100th New York Volunteers, were placed in charge of the Morris
Island hospital.  On the night of the 18th, at dark, an  attack was made upon Fort Wagner.  At nine o'clock, the firing ceased,
and  the ambulance train  advanced  to the  front, near the enemy's lines, and commenced the transportation of the wounded.
The killed, Avounded, and missing in this attack, amounted to one  thousand two hundred and sixty-eight. *  *  The island
being exposed,  and not knowing Avhat advantage  the enemy might take, while we were in a crippled condition, I thought it best
to remove all the wounded from the island. I communicated my plan to General Gillmore, and he gave me authority to take
any  vessel or vessels in the harbor.   I had  the steamer  Alice Price  moored  to the shore, at  the  inlet opposite my hospital,
and  sent a courier  to the  steamer Cosmopolitan, Avith an order  directing Surgeon R. B. Bontecou, U. S. V., to proceed with
his hospital ship to the mouth of Stono, and in  smooth Avater, just inside of the bar, anchor, and  await the coming of the
Alice Price, upon  Avhich steamer I immediately placed  tAvo  hundred and forty wounded men, and she proceeded to Stono,
Avhere her load Avas transferred to the Cosmopolitan in tAvo hours.   The  Alice Price Avas under charge of  Surgeon A. C.
BarloAV, 62d Ohio Volunteers, and Surgeon  Stone, 54th  Massachusetts Volunteers.  KnoAving that the Cosmopolitan had  as
many as she could  accommodate,  I directed Surgeon  Bontecou to proceed to Hilton Head immediately.  The steamer Mary
Benton  was placed at my disposal, and I commenced loading her.  I  placed upon this ship two  hundred and  fifty-six
wounded officers and men, making in all shipped during the night, four hundred and ninety-six men.  I directed that each
man, as he passed up on the boat, should be examined, and it Avas found necessary, upon search, occasionally to  remove
tourniquets and ligatures from limbs, placing a person in charge of each  of these  cases to watch for haemorrhage; and
of tAventy-three cases, not one single instance was there haemorrhage of any extent.  In most of the cases above mentioned the
circulation Avas entirely controlled,  and  before morning  Avould have jeopardized  the safety of the limbs.  At sunrise on the
20th, the wounded, with the exception of six, Avere all removed from the island, and by eight o'clock Avere on their way to the
general  hospitals at Hilton Head and Beaufort.  At  daylight, through  the kindness of Fleet Surgeon Clymer, U. S. N., a
number of naval surgeons reported to me, and offered their services.  As I had no wounded upon the island, I  accepted of the
services of but three: Assistant Surgeons Hazelton, Mann and  McComber, U. S. N.   These gentlemen took charge of the
steamer Mary Benton, and proceeded to Beaufort. They were untiring  in their labors, and I take pleasure in recommending
them, and also  to call attention to the \Tery  efficient services rendered by Surgeon Dibble, 6th  Connecticut Volunteers, and to
the valuable services rendered by Dr. Marsh of the  Sanitary Commission, both professionally  and by clothing, stores, etc.
On the evening of the 20th, in company with Lieutenant  Colonel Hall  of the New York Volunteer Engineers, provost marshal
general, and by direction of General Gillmore, I proceeded to the front, and, under a flag of truce, communicated Avith General
Hagood of the  Confederate army, commandant of Fort  Wagner, with whom we negotiated for the  exchange of wounded,
naming the following Friday morning,  at ten o'clock, as the time when I  Avould meet a Confederate  steamer in Charleston
harbor.   I returned to Hilton Head, and placed all the rebel wounded upon the Cosmopolitan, Avhence I returned to Charleston
harbor, meeting at the appointed time the Confederate steamer Alice, and delivered to the officers in charge of the flag, thirty-
nine Avounded  Confederates.  *   *  We received on board  the Cosmopolitan, from  the officers in charge of the Alice, one
hundred  and five  wounded officers  and men.    The officers  in  charge of the Alice reported still remaining  in  hospitals  at
Charleston one  hundred and eight officers  and  men,  and dead in their hands  fifty-one.   *  *   As soon as the transfer was
made, the Cosmopolitan conveyed our wounded to Hilton  Head.   Having business at Hilton Head, connected  Avith  the
purveying department, I placed Surgeon S. A. Green, 24th Massachusetts Volunteers, in temporary charge as chief medical
officer of the forces on Folly and Morris islands."     *      *      * 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  SWIFT.
243
CXCII.  Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in  the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon
     John  Bell, U. S. Army.

      *  *  *  "While I Avas on duty at the general hospital at Hilton Head, the battles of James's Island, June 16, 1862,
and of  Pocotaligo, October 20, 1862, took  place.   The Avounded from both  of these engagements were nearly all sent to the
general hospital in which I Avas.  Those from James's Island arrived on the third day after the engagement, and those  from
Pocotaligo on the second day, having been brought by Avater conveyance.  *  *   Sulphuric ether was usually employed as an
anaesthetic.  In a few cases in which this agent did not readily produce anaesthesia, chloroform was mixed with it in a small
proportion.  There Avere no deaths Avhich  could be fairly attributed to its use.   I have assisted in its administration, I should
suppose, sixty or seventy times since I have been in the army.   I  have, probably, had under my personal care, from  two
hundred to tAvo hundred and fifty cases of gunshot wounds received in battle, but have had no case of bayonet or sAvord Avound.
*  *  The proportion of deaths among the Avounded at Pocotaligo was about three times as great as among those from James's
Island. This fact, in my opinion, is only to be accounted for by the circumstance that the latter battle took place early in the
season  before the men had begun to  suffer from malarious poisoning, while the case was very decidedly different at the battle of
Pocotaligo."       *

CXCIII.   Extracts from a Report  on  the Operations of the Medical  Staff in the Expedition
     ending  in  the  Engagement  at   Olustee, Florida.    By  Surgeon   E.  Swift,  U.  S. Army,
     Medical Director of the Department  of the  South.
       **•♦<' For nearly a month the command on this island  had been  gradually augmenting by increments from Morris
and Folly islands, in regiments, detachments, and companies.   A cavalry command was hastily organized, not a little to the
embarrassment of the hospitals.  The horses, all attached  to  these establishments, being required for remounts, or for the
quartermasters, to furnish the necessary transportation  for subsistence supplies, wood, etc.  During the evening of February
4th, I was asked, by the general commanding, if I could procure  ten ambulances for the use of an expedition to Florida, to
embark on the folloAving day, and, at the same time, I Avas directed to furnish at least ten days' supply of medicines, dressings,
etc., and  to forAvard the supplies subsequently as required.   I immediately issued an order, and communicated it to all the
medical officers on Hilton Head island Avhere the main body of the command was assembled, and to the officers at the adjacent
posts copies were sent on the folloAving day.  This  circular  order, dated February 4, 1864,  ran  as follows:  'Sir:  You are
hereby directed to seud your sick to the general hospital at this place, and to turn in for storage, in the  medical purveyor's
storehouse, such supplies as may not be absolutely necessary in the field  for the sick and wounded of your regiment for tAventy
days.   You will proA'ide yourself with instruments, dressings, anaesthetics, etc, and report to me in  person your action, without
delay, to-morrow morning.'  At the same time, I telegraphed to the assistant quartermaster at Beaufort, Captain Moore, to send to
Hilton  Head,  by the first boat, ten ambulances.  In reply to this, Surgeon M. Clymer, U. S. V., telegraphed that Captain Moore
refused to let the ambulances be sent, unless an order  from General Gillmore Avas given through the chief quartermaster.  This
difficulty Avas finally overcome by personal representations to General Turner, chief Of staff, who issued a positive order to the
quartermaster, and, on the following day, six ambulances were forwarded, and sent to Florida. I also  shipped in the steamer
Maple Leaf, eight ambulances, as many as  could be procured; in fact, as many as the space allotted on shipboard would alloAV.
Besides this,  one regiment and one detachment had each  an  ambulance Avagon.  To supply the deficiency of transportation for
sick and wounded thus occasioned, I suggested the propriety of repairing, at once, several ambulances at Hilton Head that were
unfit for use.   Hourly expecting a hospital steamer from  NeAV York, I delayed embarking till her arrival, in order that I might
make any additions  which might be found  necessary in her supply and equipment.  The commanding general, meeting the
steamer at the bar, embarked on her Avith his staff, for  Florida.   The boat on which he originally started having put back
because of the heavy wind and sea.  I received the folloAving communication from the general: ' Steamer Fulton, February
8, (7,)  1864,  Off Hilton Head, S. C.  I met the Cosmopolitan coming in and must take her, so that the Fulton can go back to
the Head and discharge.  You will have  to do  the  best you can, and  send forAvard  the extra medical supplies on the first
transport going to Jacksonville, Florida.   The regiments have plenty for present use.  This Avill be your order on the quarter-
master's department for such transportation as you may require.  Very respectfully, yours, etc., Q. A. GiLLMOKE, Major General.'
Procuring the steamer Peconic the same day, the 7th, I put on board of her the supplies of seven  regiments.   The 47th, 48th, and
115th New York, the 40th and 54th Massachusetts, and the 2d and 4th South Carolina Volunteers, in all about  eighteen tons
weight, and  all that was found  stored by the regiments in compliance with my order.   On the  following day, I joined the
major general commanding on the St. John's River,  and arrived at Jacksonville that night.   On  my arrival, I learned  there
had been  that day, the  8th, some skirmishing, by which Ave had drawn the enemy from his position, and seized his camp, his
supplies, and  much valuable property, with but small  loss on our  side, three killed and tAvelve wounded.  '   '   On the
following day, I procured permission from the major  general commanding to occupy, and fit up for a hospital, a block of  brick
buildings, known as the Hoag block, for the accommodation of three hundred sick; this, he informed me, Avould be more than
sufficient for the number of troops that would be sent to this district.  The corner store-room in this  block, I designed to reserve
for the  use of the assistant purveyor, and at once transferred to it, from tbe steamboat Peconic, my medical supplies, and a quantity
of Sanitary Commission stores  brought from New York, on our hospital boat.   These Avere  subsequently removed, without
my knoAvledge, by the personal order of M. M. Marsh, the agent of the commission, after I had notified General Seymour,
by telegram,  that these articles were  available for issue.  They consisted  chiefly  of potatoes, onions, and apples, and were
supposed,  at  that time, to be needed by troops at tbe front.  On the 10th, I made a reconnoissance up the St. John's, for oranges
and vegetables for the hospitals,  and to examine the condition of the hotel buildings at Magnolia and Green Cove Springs, Avith
a vieAV  to the establishment of a sanitarium, or convalescent hospital at this delightful invalids'  home, a detailed account of
which has been furnished the Surgeon General's  office.   One of these, a neAvly finished building, was admirably adapted to my 
214
ATTENDED  DOCUMENTS—COAST  EXPEDITIONS.
purpose, and would accommodate more than three hundred men.   I reported this to the general commanding, but was informed
by him he could not afford the necessary guard to protect a hospital in such an exposed situation.  The buildings have since
been  destroyed by the enemy.  The Avounded not arriving  from the scene of the recent engagement, thirty-five miles from
Jacksonville, I ordered Surgeon Majer, TJ. S V., by telegraph, to send them  on at once, and to use his ambulances for that
purpose.  On the 13th, he arrived, and  reported the Avounded would  come in on the  train as soon as the railroad was repaired
Having already waited here nearly a Aveek, with the hospital boat for the AA^ounded, and impatient to return to Hilton Head for
the furniture, medicines, etc., for hospitals I was about to establish at  that place, I left, Avith the major general commanding on
the following day. fully impressed Avith  the conviction that there would be no forAvard movement at present.
       Arriving at Hilton Head, I gave directions to Surgeon Craven, medical purveyor, to pack  for shipment to Jacksonville
hospital  furniture, dressings, medicines, etc., for five hundred beds.  These articles were all shipped on the Maple Leaf  on the
22d, and left for the St. John's River.  The evening of the same day, I embarked  on the Charles Houton, and on the 23d
arrived at Jacksonville.  I  found the Avounded comfortable; in fact, generally able to walk about.  More than tAvo hundred
of the Avorst cases had been sent to Beaufort the day before on the Cosmopolitan.  These are they who Avere reported as having
been obliged to remain on board the steamer all night at Beaufort, by the intelligent reporter of the Tribune, implying neglect on
the part of the medical officers  at that place.  I need not say the Cosmopolitan is as complete, and, in organization, as perfect
as can be found in any general hospital; that her patients were comfortable  in bed, and as the nights Avere damp and  chilly,
inhumanity Avould seem to be on the side of removal under the circumstances.  This, and many similar  attacks, remind me
of the Avell knoAvn fable of the wolf and the lamb.  Medical officers  have not  the time, if they have the inclination, to resist
these attacks, and they go to the world  unansAvered, inducing insubordination and discontent in the army, and dissatisfaction
and  heart-burnings throughout the  land.  I therefore sincerely hope the noble, intelligent, and self-sacrificing members of the
medical  staff of the army, Avho share so liberally in all the privations, dangers, and exposures of the line,  and in none of their
reAvards, and though poorly paid, hold, uncomplainingly, their subordinate positions to men often inferior to them in everything
that makes a man, working all day, and sometimes throughout the long hours of the night, ministering to the care and comfort
of their sick  and wounded  comrades, hoping for reAvard only in  Heaven, may be afforded same  protection, at least, from that
class of people, and it is a large one, Avho have no  records in deeds, and only shoAV their philanthropy, loyality, and patriotism
in loud complaining  words.   Soon after arriving at Jacksonville, I procured  the steamer Dictator from  the quartermaster's
department, and put  on board of her more than two hundred Avounded; and  though the  medical officers Avere instructed to
send to the boat only their Avorst Avounded, these- Avere not to exceed a dozen patients  who Avere not able to Avalk about and help
themselves.   From a suspicion of malingering, and to prevent persons Avho should  not from entering the boat, officers were
stationed at each gangAvay, to examine  all those who seemed to  be not much injured.  Many of  them should have never been
permitted to leave their regiments.  On the third day after the engagement, all the seriously, and many of the slightly, wounded
had  already been sent to general hospital at Beaufort or Hilton Head.   Though  there was  noAV abundant accommodations, I
deemed it expedient  to have the hospitals at this place well emptied until I  should have more  permanent arrangements, in
order to have room for the  Avounded should Ave  have another engagement.   I  therefore sent to the rear all  sick and  Avounded
Avho would not probably be fit for duty in two Aveeks.  Besides the tAventy days' supply of medicines, etc.,  ordered to he taken
by the medical officers, lint, bandages, anaesthetics, etc., in excess, I  had stored the three months' supply of seven regiments
aud  a liberal  amount of these articles  on the steamer Cosmopolitan, Avhich  I directed to be issued freely to the  hospitals
when wanted.  NoAvithstanding the unexpected battle, and some regiments being obliged to  abandon their  supplies, to burn or
destroy them, to prevent their falling into the  hands of the enemy, yet, I  believe, in all necessary articles there Avas enough
and  to spare Avhen I  arrived  on the  evening of the 23d with an abundance of everything.  A barrel of whiskey Avas turned
over  by the chief commissary, and more Avould have been given, if desired, to the  hospitals.   But it Avas seemingly used in
excess and without judgment.  Dr.  Smith asked only for  five gallons.  None of the  wounds had yet began to suppurate, and
there Avere but few cases of seriously wounded, requiring stimulants on account of vital exhaustion or from loss of blood.
       I found, on  my return, nothing had been done toAvard carrying out  my suggestions in regard to converting the before-
mentioned brick block  into a general hospital.  The propeller  Burnside, bearing the mechanics and their tools, had been
Avrecked at the mouth of the St. John's River.  A large portion  of the building Avas  already* occupied as offices, and as  stores
for small traders, smaller and less adapted buildings Avere occupied by  the Avounded.  Some of these even, Avhich I had selected,
had been given up to officers and citizens for quarters.  My medical storeroom was also Avanted,  and another recommended to
me  in another block, ansAvering every purpose,  however.   So long as the  medical department must depend upon abandoned
buildings, or d\vellings, for  shelter for their sick and wounded, an antagonism must exist, and a constant struggle with the post
commanders to retain the necessary hospital  accommodations.  I sent a communication to General Seymour, commanding the
district of Florida, a copy of Avhich has been furnished the Surgeon General's Office, requesting him to make a detail for a small
ambulance corps for his district, but  have not received a reply.   For details  of the battle  of Olustee, I refer to the report of
Surgeon Majer, U. S. V., medical director of the district of Florida.   I may  remark that there Avere but few shell wounds
received, and no bayonet Avounds, or sabre cuts.   The majority of the injuries Avere slight and apparently inflicted by buckshot
and small rifle balls.  But three amputations Avere performed before the Avounded Avere removed to this place and Beaufort.
Seven have been done since.  Many of the wounded have  already returned to their regiments, apparently none the worse for a
few Aveeks' rest, and the enjoyment of the homelike comforts of a general hospital.   This Avas  the first fight of many of the
men,  and they Avere  easily  discouraged.  They are  better  soldiers  noAV  than ever before.  This engagement must  not be
considered a disastrous affair.  It might have been so had the encounter been deferred till the column had advanced far into the
enemy's country.   In conclusion, I must beg leave to mention the able assistance afforded by  Captain Dunton, assistant quarter-
master, in promptly furnishing  all necessary transportation,  by General  Turner, chief of staff, aided by Colonel Jackson,
inspector  general, and Colonel Morgan, chief commissary.  They gave their  personal attendance, aiding  in the  organization
and control of laboring  parties.   The latter furnished whiskey by the barrel, and all the supplies of his  department,  on the
simple intimation of medical officers that they Avere  Avanttd.  burgeon S. A. Green, and  Assistant Surgeon W. S.  Tremaine, 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  MAJER, U.  S.  V.
245
24th Massachusetts Volunteers, deserve favorable mention  for arduous  and intelligent service  at Jacksonville.   Assistant
Surgeons Lindsly, Semple, and Wolverton, at Hilton Head, and Surgeon M. Clymer, U. S. V., and Assistant Surgeon Ramsay,
U. 8. A., at Beaufort, cared for the Avounded on their arrival.  Our loss at the battle of Olustee was one hundred and ninety-
three killed, one thousand one hundred and seventy-five Avounded, and four hundred  and sixty prisoners, making a total of
one thousand eight hundred and tAventy-eight.
                                    Very respectfully, your obedient servant,                     E. SWIFT.
                            _.         -T  ~  . ..                                 Surgeon U. S. A., Medical Director.
  To the Acting  Surgeon General, U.  S. A."
 CXCIV.  Extracts from a Report on the  Operations of the  Medical Department in Florida in
      February, 186_r.   By Surgeon Adolimi Majer,  U. S.  Volunteers.

       *   * *   "It becomes my duty to report the result of the engagement betAveen our forces, under the command of Brigadier
 General T. Seymour, and the enemy, occurring  at a place knoAvn as Olustee,  Florida,  and distant from Jacksonville some
 forty-five  or fifty miles in a Avesterly direction.  *  *  On the evening of February 19, 1864, the general commanding ordered
 his command to be in readiness, with several days' cooked rations^ for a  forAvard movement  from  Barber's Station,  thirty-tAvo
 miles from Jacksonville, on the Florida Central railroad.  At daybreak, February 20th, the command took its line of march
 on the road to Sanderson, Avith its cavalry brigade and Elder's Battery, of the First Artillery, under the command of Colonel
 Henry, in the advance.   Passing Sanderson, the general commanding  AVas informed that Ave should meet the  enemy in force
 fifteen thousand strong, some miles this  side of Lake City, but no reliance Avas placed upon such dubious information in regard
 to strength and position.  About five miles further on, our advance reported some sixty or seventy skirmishers of  the enemy
 falling sloAvly back on the north side of the railroad toAvard Lake City.  A short distance from that point, our cavalry force,
 together with one company of the 7th Connecticut Volunteers, reported that it Avas suspected that  the enemy was directly in
 front.  The general ordered a halt and  directed shells to be throAvn through the pine barrens.  Hardly had the second shell
 been thrown, Avhen a solid shot fell directly in front of the staff.  A second one, folloAving closely on the first, and a third one
 passing in close proximity to our heads.  No time was to be lost to bring our guns into battery, and to throAv companies of the
 7th Connecticut Volunteers out as skirmishers on our right.  The infantry line of battle was in cool promptness formed of the
 brigades commanded respectively by Colonel Barton, 48th NeAV York Volunteers; Colonel Hawley, 7th Connecticut Volunteers;
 and Colonel Montgomery, 2d South Carolina Volunteers.  Soon our artillery fire became  hotter and hotter, and the musketry
 incessant.   Looking about for a convenient ambulance depot, I rode on our right toward a couple of log houses, the  only
 buildings within many miles; but I found that these houses were so much  exposed, that Avhile inspecting them even, I  was  in
 danger.  *  *   As the topographical condition of the field offered scarcely the least undulation, there was no protection for a
 depot on the even plain of the pine barren.  About two hundred  yards in the rear of our left wing, observing a cluster of pine
 trees, I directed our ambulances, tAvelve in number, to be draAvn up  in  line, the surgeons  preparing  their instruments and
 appliances to be in readiness.  While the roar of artillery and the musketry continued without intermission, our wounded men
 began to arrive, part walking, some in litters, and others  in open  ambulance wagons; first singly, then in a steady stream
 increasing from a single toav to a double and treble, and finally into a mass.  In a half hour from the commencement of the
 action, stray shots passing through the pines and breaking off the trunks like canes, admonished us to remove the depot farther
 to the rear.  Within one mile we dreAV  our ambulances up behind a small stream and guarded in front by marshy ground,
 and secured a sufficiency of Avater, yet not suitable protection against missiles from the rifled guns.  *  *  The  battle had
 been raging for three hours Avhen Ave heard cheers from  the front, and the firing ceased abruptly.   Our troops fell back about
 a mile, and I received an order to bring our wounded as far to the rear as we could get Avith our limited transportation.   Ambu-
 lances, caissons, army Avagons, litters, single horses, carts, in short,  every conceivable mode of conveyance Avas made use of to
 secure the large number of our Avounded; and, with a readiness Avhich deserves  high commendation, every one endeavored  to
 execute the order.  There was no  depression of spirits  or panic manifested.  *  *  Our troops fell back to Barber's Station
 under the  protection of our cavalry brigade, which during the battle, had been drawn up in the rear  of our right and left.
 While passing  Sanderson, I  sent the following telegram:   ' To the Surgeon in charge of field hospital at Barber's Station :
 A large number of Avounded. Prepare coffee, tea and beef soup.'   Also: ' To Surgeon William H. Smith, 47th New York
 Volunteers, Jacksonville: Send immediately a train of cars, Avith bales of hay, lint, bandages and stimulants.  Call on Sanitary
 Commission.   Dr. A. Majer.' We reached Barber's Station  at midnight, and  unhappily, some forty cases of Avounded
 had to be left at the ambulance depot near the battle-field, under the  charge of Assistant Surgeon C. A. Devendorf,  48th NeAV
 York Volunteers, and tAventy-three more at Sanderson badly Avounded.  Two companies of cavalry were dismounted  and saA-ed
 eighty more men.  We  had noAV to take care of  and forward  by cars and  wagons, eight  hundred and sixty Avounded, tAvo
 hundred and fifteen of Avhom Avere at once placed on the hospital ship Cosmopolitan, at the wharf at Jacksonville.
      I have the honor to transmit  a list of  all the casualties,  as gathered from the surgeons in.charge of brigades, and beg
 leave to add the  folloAving remarks:  The expedition into Florida and  its occupation,  Ave  believed to be not  a sanguinary
 undertaking.  No one expected, at least, a resistance so bold and stubborn, because no concentration by the enemy of twelve  or
 fifteen thousaud men, was deemed possible, and our hospital preparations at the post, as Avell as in the field, had, up to the time
 of the engagement, remained a mere consolidated regimental affair, in supplies.   When, under these  circumstances, the com-
 paratively large number of wounded have been well cared for,  I feel it to be my duty to be thankful to the aid and  assistance
 of the ever readv, and assiduous agent of the Sanitary Commission, Mr. A. B. Day, and to the untiring exertion of my worthy
 colleague,  Surgeon William  H. Smith, 47th New York Volunteers, in charge  of hospital.  Under ordinary circumstances  I
should not have made requisitions on the Sanitary Commission had not the emergency arisen in which our wants were urgent
and large.   Again, the  very limited  number of ambulances could not, inside the department, have been increased; therefore
transportation on army  wagons and  caissons could not  well haA-e  been avoided.  Yet, in spite of these deficiencies, will any 
246
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--WESTERN  ARMIES,  1862.
contribution to the surgical history of the Avar speak but favorably of the manner in wliich the medical officers bore themselves
to the credit of their profession and administration?  True, such could not have been the case, Avere the character of the wounds
in the majority graver; but, happily, the  number of slight cases  is large, being  for the most part, Avounds of  the  loAver
extremities, Avith but few  cases of operations.  Fh'e hundred, at  least, will be able for  duty in less than four weeks, and our
loss, therefore,  will be slight.   We have to regret  the many  casualties among officers, and the fact that we  could not
recover all our Avounded, in spite of an effort made to do so, by  requesting this  privilege  under a flag of truce.  I made this
proposition to the general commanding, and Avhile he  entertained the opinion that they should be Avell cared for by the enemv
the general finally yielded  to the request, which unfortunately was  refused by our opponents.   The number of our wounded
retained at Jacksonville is decreased to one hundred and sixty-five, by transfer of cases by the hospital steamer Cosmopolitan,
and transport steamers Dictator and DelaAvare, the hospital steamer making two trips within one Aveek to Hilton Head and
Beaufort, South Carolina.  It is, perhaps, not out of place to recommend that no  general hospital, above those already existing,
be established, and especially that the general hospital at Jacksonville, may merely be conducted as a receiving depot, whence
to forward to the above hospitals, adding that at St. Augustine, Florida.  The remoteness from  the main depot of supplies  of
the departments,  Avith  all  its  annoying and delaying circumstances, and the readiness with Avhich  the returning empty
transports can be employed for transportation of sick and  wounded, prompts me to come to this conclusion, and Avhile the
interior of Florida in regard to  healthfulness among a  large  command is yet to be tested, there presents itself at the convales-
cent hospital at  St. Augustine, a hospital arrangement Avhich, when completed, will meet all demands of sanitary law with no
heavy expenses.  Should the army of occupation advance toAvard Middle Florida, there will be  an easy and quick communica-
tion with the delightful seaside  of the old Spanish colony."       *      *       *
CXCV.   Extracts from  a Narrative  of his  Services.   By Asssistant  Surgeon W.  F. Cornice,
      U.  S. Army.
      *  *  *  "In January, 1861, I was ordered from Fort Monroe, Virginia, to report to the commanding officer at Key
West barracks, Florida.   *   *  On my arrival I found the garrison removed to Fort Taylor.  *  *  The garrison consisted
of Captain John M. Brannan and Lieutenants Gillem and Webber, Avith a company of about forty men.   In April, Major
French reinforced the Fort with  two companies, and took command.   *  *  The United States flag never ceased to fly 0Arer
Key West, the remotest  spot of the southern country.  We had no sickness of any kind, except what  is usually found in a
garrison, until the summer of  1862.  Tavo of the principal physicians of the island left to join the Southern Confederacy soon
after my arrival, and left me  as medical officer at the fort,  surgeon at  the marine  hospital, health officer of the port, besides
having considerable practice in the city.  Fortunately a strict quarantine Avas kept up, and the much dreaded yelloAV fever did
not make its appearance.  *   *  In  February, 1862, the 90th NeAV York Volunteers arrived, followed soon after by the 91st
Ncav York and the 47th  Pennsylvania, Brigadier General Brannan in command and Surgeon C. H. Crane, U. S. A., medical
director.  Dr. Crane immediately established a general hospital at the barracks, and placed me in charge.  Soon after, an
epidemic of typhoid fever prevailed, and my hospital was soon filled, accommodating comfortably from  two to three hundred
patients.  The epidemic  lasted for tAvo months.  *  *  The patients had every comfort, and the number of deaths was small.
In June,  the  91st NeAV  York Volunteers Avas  ordered to  Pensacola, and  General Brannan, with  the 47th Pennsyh-ania
Volunteers, left for Port  Royal.  I remained at the general hospital.  In July Ave had  an epidemic of yelloAV fever, though
every precaution Avas used to prevent it, such as strict quarantine, use of quinine and Avhiskey, and aA'oidance of the hot sun
and  night air.  I transmitted a full  account of this epidemic before I left Florida.  Fortunately Ave had a fine hospital, and
everything needed for the sick, and had it not have been that the command had hardly recovered from the epidemic of typhoid
feArer, leaving the men in a very debilitated condition, many who died would have recovered.  As it Avas,  the mortality Avas not
great, Avhen it is taken into consideration that the troops were not acclimated.  *  *  The people of Key West behaved nobly
toward our sick, by doing everything possible  for their comfort, and in a great many cases they did  much good.  In August,
I was ordered to report to Major  General Hunter, at Port Royal, South Carolina, for duty. I left the next day in the steamer
Delaware, with Brigadier General Terry, who was on an inspection tour at Key West.   The day after I left I was taken Avith
the yelloAV fever, and for several days remained quite ill.  Immediately upon our arrival, the steamer was ordered into quarantine
for tAvo Aveeks at St. Helena, which is about thirty-six miles from Port Royal.   Dr. Crane having been informed that the
epidemic Avas on the increase, I was immediately taken out of quarantine, and ordered  to return to Key West, to  do Avhat
might be necessary.   It is proper here to remark that when I was ordered from Key West the medical director was not  aware
that  yellow fever cases existed on the island, although, of course, he had been notified.  But the mail had first to go to Ncav
York before it could reach him at Hilton Head, there being no direct communination, and seldom a mail for the north.  Upon
my arrival, I found the epidemic at its height, but with the assistance of Surgeon E. S. Hoffman, 90th New York, and Hospital
Steward Stubs, I soon had the satisfaction of seeing it entirely subside.  In November, I reported to Dr. Crane that there Avas
noAV no yelloAV fever on the island, and that the command was in good health."       *       *      *
CXCVI.   Extracts from a Report of the  Operations of the Medical Department of the  Union
      Forces at the Action at Richmond, Kentucky, in August, 1862.   By Assistant Surgeon B. J.
      D.  Irwix, U. S. Army, Medical Director.
             :  "I arrived at Cincinnati  on September  12th, 1862, from Richmond, Kentucky, where I had  been taken
prisoner on August 30th, in the battle between a part of the army of Kentucky under General M. D. Manson and a Confederate
force  under General  Kirby Smith.   I  regret that uncontrollable circumstances will  not alloAV me  to submit a detailed report
of the casualties  that  occurred  among our  troops.  *  *   During the  night of August 15th,  Major General W.  Kelson, 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  IRWIN.
247
 commanding the 4th division of the army of the Ohio, received a telegram from General Buell, directing him to proceed at once
 to Kentucky, to assume  command of the new troops  arriving in the State, to organize  them, and  put them rapidly in the field
 for the purpose of repelling the threatened  invasion by the enemy, entering the state through the  Cumberland Mountains   In
 obedience to this order,  General Nelson left next morning for Kentucky, taking all the members of his staff  We arrived at
 Lexington, Kentucky, on the 26th, and I was announced as medical director of the army of Kentucky.  Next day  we proceeded
 to Richmond, Kentucky, and I lost no time in informing myself of the condition and wants of the eight new regiments just
 concentrated, from Indiana and Ohio.   *  *  They had been only from fourteen to twenty days in the field, and had but few
 medical officers, who had neither medicines, instruments, ambulances, tents, or camp equipage, to enable them to perform their
 duties.  Va ith three exceptions, the medical  officers were inexperienced in service and had but vague ideas as to the extent or
 sphere of their duties.  I immediately despatched two of the most intelligent of them to Louisville  and Cincinnati, to procure
 ambulances  and medical supplies  for the several regiments.  The day previous, I met Medical Inspector G. H. Lyman at
 Lexington, and represented to  him, informally, the  condition in  which the new regiments  were  being thrown into  active
 campaign, without the  necessary outfit of supplies, transportation, and medical personnel;  and as he Avas then on his way to
 Louisville, he kindly promised  to confer with Surgeon J.  F. Head, U. S. A., medical director, at Louisville, and explain to
 him  fully the wants of the troops.  I also wrote to Surgeon Head, and Surgeon G. Perin,  U. S. A., medical purveyor, at that
 city, pointing out the necessity of prompt action in fitting out  those regiments.   On the 29th, I was ordered, and went  to
 Lancaster, twenty-five miles from Richmond, with the  headquarters of the army; but hearing that the enemy was menacing our
 troops at Richmond, I returned next morning, and  arrived on  the field at eleven o'clock, and found that  our forces, after
 having fought three hours and a half against  superior numbers, had been  obliged to fall back about two miles from the battle-
 ground, leaving our killed and wounded in  the possession of the enemy, but under care of some five or six of our medical
 officers, who were captured while attending to the wants  of those placed hors de combat.  I was gratified to find that I had
 received a dozen ambulances, and supplies of medicine and stimulants for four of the regiments.  The ambulances arrived most
 opportunely, but in consequence of the doubtful issue of the pending contest, the wagons, including those laden with the medical
 supplies, were already moving to the rear.  I had previously taken  possession of the court-house, and a seminary building for
 hospital purposes, and thither  our wounded Avere conveyed,  as fast as our limited amount of transportation would admit.  The
 contest was renewed three times during the day in new positions, and terminated at dark, in a complete defeat and rout of our
 whole force.   General  Nelson  arrived on the field during the evening, and was  shortly afterward severely wounded in the left
 groin.   I rode from the field with him some distance to attend to his wound, but I was  obliged  to  throw myself into the hands
 of a party of the enemy's cavalry, thereby securing his escape.   Next morning, I was turned over  to the Confederate com-
 mander, Avho, after placing certain restrictions on my  movements, acceded to my request to  be permitted  to go to superintend
 the treatment of our wounded.   Upon arriving at the hospital buildings, I found the rooms, corridors, and balconies densely
 crowded with men, wounded and mutilated in every conceivable Avay. Everything that our meagre means would allow was
 being done for their speedy relief, but as the enemy had captured all our hospital stores, ambulances, etc., I was reduced to the
 utmost straits for  means to meet the Avants of so large  a  number of sufferers, so  suddenly thrown  upon our hands.  I Avas
 fortunate in being able to purchase some four hundred dollars' worth of medicines, dressings, stimulants, muslin, etc., from a
 druggist, and in borrowing instruments from some of the civil practitioners of medicine of the town.  With commendable zeal
 and generosity, the loyal citizens brought in abundance  of subsistence, fresh meats, soup, milk, fruit, light bread, etc.  The
 ladies of Richmond  and vicinity, for ten  or fifteen miles around, came  daily to the hospital,  and Avith untiring devotion
 lent their valuable assistance in dressing  and assisting our suffering soldiers.  Many also placed their negro servants at my
 disposal. The greatest inconvenience Avas felt from the Avant of proper hospital attendants.  Those detailed  from among the
 prisoners of Avar deserted their posts, despite all our efforts, at the first opportunity.  Being recruits, they possessed no feeling
 of sympathy for their wounded comrades, such as old soldiers are wont to evince for each other.   I  obtained permission to send,
 under a flag  of truce, to  Lexington for  clothing and medical supplies, and had the gratification to receive a wagon  load  of
 under-clothes, dressings,  sheets, etc., on the 2d  instant; and on the 6th, a supply of medical  stores.  The Confederate post
 surgeon, Dr.  Tucker, evinced a sincere desire to share Avith me his limited supply of under-clothing, cooking, and mess utensils,
 by which I was enabled to relieve the condition of those patients, whose wants were most  urgent.  The number of Avounded
 amounted to some seven hundred, the killed from tAvo  hundred and  fifty to three hundred.  The number of capital operations
 performed amounted to twenty-seven.  A large majority of the most dangerous wounds  Avere inflicted on the loAver extremities.
 The patients  operated on did Avell;  only one  death  occurred among them up to the sixth  day.   Among the interesting cases
 Avere: one case of amputation through the left knee joint, and one case of amputation  through the upper third of the left thigh,
 one case of resection of the inferior maxilla, three amputations at the shoulder joint, and tAvo cases of lardaceous gangrene, and
 a  case of Avound of the right  axillary artery, Avhich was treated by pressure.   For Avant of transportation, I Avas obliged to
 leave some one hundred  and sixty patients at Rogersville, six miles  south of Richmond, the scene of the  first  engagement.
 These I  placed under the charge of Surgeon Berry,  3d Kentucky Cavalry,  an accomplished  surgeon, who was assisted by
 Surgeon G. F. Chittenden, 16th  Indiana Volunteers, and A. G. Preston, 55th Indiana Volunteers,  and tAvo assistant surgeons.
 The seminary hospital, I put under the  charge  of Surgeon  N. Field, 66th Indiana  Volunteers,  with five assistants; and the
 church hospital, I placed under the control of Surgeon W. Lomax,  12th Indiana Volunteers, and  three assistants.  From the
 fact that the Confederate  authorities had no suitable  commissary supplies to furnish for the support of our Avounded, and from
 the fear  the supplies furnished to us by the generous hearted citizens would become exhausted,  I determined to proceed to
 Lexington, and  to  obtain permission from the Confederate commander  to  allow  me to pass  through his lines to  Ohio to
 procure transportation for such of the wounded as Avould bear removing.  Already some two hundred of them, whose wounds
 Avere slight and did not interfere Avith locomotion, Avere paroled and sent forward to our lines.  Having done everything in my
poAver in getting the  hospital organized and put in condition to secure comfort and ample medical  attendance to the invalids, I
left for Lexington on the  6th, when, after ten days' delay, I was permitted to go to Cincinnati to have the necessary transporta-
tion, nurses and subsistence, sent back to Richmond.   Several volunteers accompanied the expedition which left here on the 9th. 
248                      APPENDED DOCUMENTS—WESTERN  ARMIES,  1862.

I must not neglect to mention that the conduct of the medical officers, Avith  some few exceptions, was highly laudable.  To
Surgeons N. Field, 66th Indiana, Berry, 3d Kentucky, G. F. Chittenden, 16th Indiana, A. G. Preston, 55th Indiana, W. Lomax
12th Indiana,  and Assistant Surgeons A. B. Taylor, 12th Indiana, J. H. Thomas, 49th Indiana, and Roberts,  I am under
great obligations for their untiring zeal and devotion to the Avounded under their charge.  When it is considered that Ave Avere
deprived of almost every medical supply and comfort, of tents, ambulances, instruments, of chloroform, and other  hopital
stores, it is surprising  Iioav well we got along.  The kindness  and attention  bestOAved  by the  citizens on our disabled men can
never be fully appreciated save by those Avho Avere its recipients, or Avitnessed their untiring devotion to their suffering country-
men.  I must not  forget to mention that the civil practitioners of medicine lent  us valuable  assistance.  From the loss of all
books and  papers and the dispersion of the  regiments, I despair of ever getting nominal lists of the killed and Avounded.
Many slightly Avounded escaped from  the  field  to Lexington; men were paroled and marched  off Avith the prisoners of Avar
while large numbers scattered through the  country being  cared for,  and, in  several instances  disguised and secreted, by their
friends and acquaintances.  Most of the medical officers lost all their personal effects and the public property under their charge,
My horse and equipments, SAVord, pistol, etc., Avere taken  from me, against Avhich I remonstrated to General Kirby Smith Avho
informed me that he would not alloAV the private  property  of the medical corps to be confiscated.  But the property was taken
nevertheless, by irresponsible parties, Avhom it was  found impossible to  detect in the confused state of affairs that existed.
After my arrival at Cincinnati, I attended General Nelson, who convalesced.  As  this  report is made from memory, I trust its
imperfections will be overlooked."      *       *      *
CXCVIL   Extracts from  a  Report  on  the   Operations  of  the  Medical  Department  at  the
      Battle  of luka,  September 19, 1862.    By  Surgeon  A. B.  Campbell,  U.  S.  Volunteers,
      Medical Director  Army of the  Mississippi.

      *  *  *  "In accordance with  instructions, all the  sick of the command, nine hundred in number, Avere disposed
of comfortably in the general hospitals at Corinth, Mississippi, and Jackson, Tennessee, by September 18, 1862.  The command
marched on that day, and reached the battle-field of luka umvearied and in good spirits.  *   *   As soon as it became known
that an engagement was impending, I established a field hospital  at the only place Avithin two and a half miles of the field
Avhere there Avas water to be obtained.   As it was on the roadside, the men in column observed  the locality.   Immediately after
the firing commenced, the Avounded began to arrive, generally carried by two men.  Those Avhose legs Avere nearly shot away
were  carried in some  instances on blankets by six men.  The details previously made for this  purpose behaved admirably,
depositing those brought off, and immediately returning for others.  The surgeons did  their best, and  everything moved with
regularity.  *   *   Finding that the wounded became very numerous, a second depot was established about  half a mile in the
rear of the first, under the direction of Surgeon W. R. Thrall, 27th Ohio Volunteers. The night was calm and still, so that, as
the battle raged till after nightfall, we Avere enabled to  dress the wounded by candle-light as Avell as if Ave had been in a house.
At  eleATen o'clock, all had been  attended to, Avhen orders Avere received to transport  the Avounded to the  rear. *  *  The
ambulances Avere brought up and loaded under the supervision of Surgeon S. P. Thornhill, 8th Wisconsin Volunteers, and were
received at the new depot, tAvo miles in the rear, by Surgeons J. E. Lynch, 1st Missouri Cavalry, and L. J. Ham, 48th Indiana
Volunteers.  They had all  reached the new depot by an  hour after daylight, and  the last were about to be unloaded, Avhen
orders were received to move them into luka, the enemy having evacuated the town during  the night.  Surgeons Thrall and
Ham  attended to the reloading, assisted by all  the surgeons present.  It was found, on  reaching luka,  that the rebel wounded
occupied our old hospital, the luka Springs hotel, as well as the seminary buildings.  Upon consultation with Surgeon J. G. F.
Holston, U. S. V., it was determined to occupy the luka hotel, and turn over all the rebel Avounded to their own surgeons, as
they had enough, and give them  the seminary buildings.  At this time, I turned  over to Surgeon  Holston the entire charge
of the Avounded, and reported to headquarters for duty.   I cannot speak too  highly of the surgeons nor discriminate betAveen
them.  I doubt if the Avounded of so great a carnage Avere ever taken care of more gently and more expeditiously.  They sustained
their removals with fortitude, and Avith but little apparent fatigue.   Our Avhole loss amounted to one hundred and forty-three
killed, five hundred and ninety-eight wounded, and nineteen missing.  The  rebel loss  Avas much greater, amounting to over
five hundred and tAventy killed, one thousand three hundred Avounded, and one hundred  and eighty-one prisoners, not including
the  wounded.  I am  satisfied that these  figures  are within bounds, from personal inspection, and what I consider reliable
information."       *      *      *
CXCVIII.  Extracts from  a  Second Report  of the  Casualties  at  the  Battle of  luka, Sep-
      tember  19, 1862.   By Surgeon A. B. Campbell, U. S. Volunteers,  Medical Director of  the
      Army of the Mississippi.
      #  #  *  "The  battle of luka was  fought on the afternoon and evening of September 19, 1862.  The object Avas to
surround and capture General Price's  whole army.  For this purpose General Grant, with a large force, moved in a nearly
direct route from Corinth toAvard luka,  while General Rosecrans moved the army of the Mississippi, on September 18th, from
Corinth by a circuitous route to the battle-field, one mile southeast from luka.  The  battle  commenced about half-past four
in the afternoon, and raged till seven, with more or less firing till ten o'clock.  The volleys by regiments were continuous and
uninterrupted.  But four cannon Avere used.  We had only eight pieces, and the enemy not more, and the lines of the armies
Avere so close together that Avhen once engaged artillery could not be used.  The enemy outnumbered us at least tAvo to one.
We had not over six thousand five hundred men, and they had certainly fifteen thousand.  They Avere chiefly armed Avith
smooth-bore muskets, firing the ball Avith three buckshot.  Their range Avas but little over one hundred yards, and sometimes
less.   Our line  Avas compelled to give  way on our right, and SAVung back into a cleared field, where  the battle terminated 
REPORTS  OF  SURGEON  CAMPBELL,  U.  S.  V.                          249
for the night.  *  *  During the night the enemy retreated.   The hospital was established at Rix's house, near a good supply
of water, and about  seA'en  hundred yards from our  line.  We were protected by the nature of the  ground, and by a large
barn and stable on our front.   At nine o'clock- an order was  received to  remove the wounded, and, under the direction of
Surgeon Thornhill, 8th Wisconsin Volunteers, assisted by Captain Mott of the subsistence department, the last load  left before
daylight for the neAV  depot,  two and a half miles in the rear, where they were received by Surgeons Ham and Lynch.   A second
hospital had  been established  under charge of  Surgeon  Thrall,  about half a mile  in  our  rear; but great difficulty was
experienced in obtaining Avater, and the Avounded  were removed before morning to the neAV depot.  Before the last ambulance
was unloaded at the new depot, an ordtr Avas received from General Rosecrans to remove the wounded into the town of luka,
and before noon their  removal  was accomplished. The services of Surgeon I. L. Crane, 63d Ohio Volunteers, at this time
Avere invaluable, as he  had been previously in charge of the hospitals in luka before our last evacuation.  I was here ordered
to turn the wounded  over to Surgeon Holston.  Our army was supplied in abundance with every necessary, and as but one-third
of the army Avas engaged, the surgeons of the remainder Avere in readiness, and the wounded Avere cared for immediately upon
their reception.  The battle Avas fought so close to the  hospital that the men detailed as bearers could go to tbe field and return
at very short intervals.   The moment a man fell, he Avas taken up, and in three minutes his wounds Avere being dressed.  All
necessary operations  Avere performed at  once, and the records  show but a trifling mortality.  No anaesthetics were used, and
not a groan or sign of pain  Avas  heard.   The firing continued long after dark, and the Avounded  Avere  occasionally brought in
until ten o'clock p. m.   The night Avas so calm that candles could be used in the open air.  Our loss was one hundred and
forty-five killed, five  hundred and ninety-eight Avounded, nineteen missing, and Ave lost three prisoners.  The enemy had five
hundred and twenty  killed, one  thousand three hundred Avounded,  and one hundred and eighty-one  prisoners.  We used as
hospitals the tAvo hotels in  luka, and the seminary building  was assigned to the rebels.  Iu a  few days our wounded were
removed to Corinth, Mississippi, and Jackson, Tennessee."       *      *      *
 CXCIX.   Extracts from  a  Report  on  the  Operations  of the Medical Staff  at the Battle  of
      Corinth,  October 3 and 4, 1862.   By Surgeon  A. B. Campbell,  U. S. Volunteers, Medical
      Director of the Army of the Mississippi.

      *  *  *  "In anticipation of an engagement Avith the enemy on October 3d, upon information derived from the engineer
 department, I selected the large building recently constructed for a commissary department, as the place best protected by  the
 nature of the  ground and the safest for  hospital purposes.  The  men furnished  by the quartermaster worked expeditiously,
 and everything Avas prepared, medicines, instruments, cots and buckets of water Avere ready before the first Avounded man Avas
 brought in.  It became eA-ident, in a short time, that the building, although a very large one, would be altogether too small  for
 their accommodation.  I then  took possession of the Tishomingo Hotel and of the Corinth  House.   *   *  All the surgeons
 worked diligently and faithfully, and by six o'clock, the wounded  were all comfortably disposed of and their wounds dressed.
 At three o'clock next morning I Avas  ordered to remove  all the wounded to  Camp Corral, and by six o'clock they were all
 collected into  the neAV hospital.  The ambulances  then Avent  to the scene of action to bring off those  recently fallen.  I  am
 particularly indebted to Surgeon I. L. Crane, 63d Ohio Volunteers, who  superintended the arranging and pitching of the tents,
 and to Surgeon H. Wardner, U. S. V., who received and disposed of the Avounded as they arrived on both days. I found upon
 the railroad platform a large number of tents, which I took and used.  The battle ceased just before noon, and by night all
 the wounded were under shelter, proA-ided Avith cots, and their wounds dressed.  I have to compliment all the surgeons  for
 their kindness, energy, and  endurance.   Surgeon  E. Winchester, 52d  Illinois Volunteers, in charge of the  Corinth House,
 Surgeon P. A. Carpenter, 5th IoAva Volunteers, in charge of the Tishomingo Hotel, and Acting Assistant Surgeon  SAvaring, at
 the commissary building, remained until the last man and all the  property had been removed to the hospital.  The Avounded
 being thoroughly arranged and cared for, were turned over on October 5th to the care of Surgeon N. Gay.  An ample supply
 of medical officers Avere left to take charge of them, and  the surgeons of divisions and regiments, with one assistant to each
 regiment, reported back to their commands and joined  in the  pursuit of the enemy, Avhich  occupied from eight to ten days.  I
 have to state that there was neglect on the part of the rebel surgeons for their Avounded.  The surgeon placed by General Van
 Dorn in charge of over one hundred wounded at Ripley, neglected  to make out a requisition, although repeatedly urged to do
 bo, with the assurance from myself, that all he needed should be delivered to him within forty-eight hours.  Everything that
 has been called for from their large hospital at luka, and the other hospitals within our lines, have been furnished them except
 blankets.  It is due  Private H. B. Douglas, 36th Illinois Volunteers, Avho acted as my orderly both in this battle and that at
 luka, to say that no man was exposed to more danger or could exhibit more bravery than he did in the discharge of his duties.
 Our loss in this battle was thirty-tAvo officers and two hundred and eighty-three men killed; eighty-six officers and one thousand
 seven hundred and tAventy-six men wounded, and three  officers and two hundred and tAventy-nine men missing  and  prisoners,
 making an aggregate of tAvo thousand three hundred and fifty-nine.   The loss of the enemy, calculated from the best sources of
 information Avithin my reach,was one thousand four hundred and twenty-three buried, three thousand prisoners, including their
 wounded left in our hands, and five thousand Avounded  taken away and dropped by the roadside, making nine thousand four
 hundred and twenty-three in all."      *      *      *

 CC.  Extracts  from  a   Second Report  on  the  Casualties  at  the Battle of  Corinth, October 3
      and 4, 1862.   By Surgeon A.  B. Campbell,  U.  S. Volunteers, Medical Director of the Army
      of the  Mississippi.
      *   *  *  "The physical condition and morale of the men engaged in this battle have never been surpassed.  We Avere
burdened with but few sick, as  General Rosecrans Avas always in the  habit of clearing his army of the sick and feeble whenever
he expected a battle. The battle of Corinth was fought with less than tAvelve thousand  men against forty thousand of  the
        32 
2,")0                      APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--WESTERN ARMIES,  1862.

enemy.  The supply of medicines Avas  ample, and there was an adequate  number of ambulances.   We obtained a sufficient
number of hospital tents to shelter all the Avounded.  As soon as it Avas knoAvn that an engagement Avould take place, I selected a
large Avooden structure, a  commissary storehouse, for a hospital.  This building Avas filled in two hours after the wounded bean
to arrive, and, in accordance Avith previous arrangements,  I then took possession of the Tishomingo and Corinth  Hotels  as
hospitals.  When the attack Avas resumed in the morning these buildings Avere found to be in the line of fire, and, at four o'clock
the removal of the Avounded commenced, and, by seven  o'clock, the buildings were all vacated.   Dr. J. C. G. Swarin«' remained
amid the iron hail until the last man and the last article of furniture had been removed from these buildings to the new hospital.
The Avounded bore the transportation Avithout any unpleasant results.  Water, fuel, and food were at hand, and tents Avere pitched
under the direction of  Surgeon I. L. Crane, 63d Ohio Volunteers, which  afforded shelter  for  all.   There Avere cots, enough-
every man had one.   *  *  There Avas adequate  surgical  assistance for each wounded man as he Avas  brought off the field.
Surgeon H. Wardner, U.  S. V., received and turned over the Avounded, as they arrived, to those surgeons to whose care they
Avere to be confided.  By  these arrangements, and by the proximity of the battle-field, the Avounded Avere cared for  before the
shock of the wound had time to communicate itself to the system, and the results Avere very satisfactory.  In this battle Ave bad
Avounds from every variety of missile.  The battle on October 4th commenced at four and terminated at eleven, A. M.  The
wounded Avere dressed as they Avere brought in, and all  necessary primary operations Avere  done  by dark.  It Avas found
necessary to perform secondary operations in but few cases.  These Avere done by, or under the supervision of, Surgeon Norman
Gay, U. S. V. *   *  A suitable number of surgeons were  left with him, and the remainder joined in the pursuit of Price and
Van Dorn to Ripley.   Our loss Avas three hundred and fifteen killed,  one thousand eight hundred and tAvelve wounded, two
hundred and fifteen missing, and seventeen  prisoners.  The enemy lost one thousand, Avhom  they buried, one thousand four
hundred and twenty-three were also  buried by our men.  Three thousand wounded Avere left  in our hands, and at least five
thousand more Avere taken with them in their retreat."       *      *      *
CCI.   Extract from a Narrative  of his Services in  the  Medical Staff.   By Assistant  Surgeon
      J. C. G. Happersett, U. S. Army.

      *  *  *  "After the evacuation of Corinth, Mississippi, on May 29, 1862, the 1st United States Infantry was encamped
near the town on a hill.  There they suffered from diarrhoea, until after moving the encampment to a grove on the west of the
toAvn.  When  the outer line of fortifications was completed they occupied  them until the line Avas abandoned and a neAV one
erected  nearer the toAvn.   They occupied  these Avorks  at the battle of Corinth, October 3 and 4, 1862.  The enemy greatly
outnumbered our army in this battle, having  over  forty thousand men, Avhile the army of Oeneral Rosecrans Avas between
tAventy-six and tAventy-seven thousand men.  After using the heavy guns as long as they could, they resorted to their muskets,
using the bayonet.   They lost nine men  killed and  six  wounded,  including one  officer Avounded.  Four of  the Avounded
remained in the camp and Avere treated in a hospital tent until they recovered.   Colonel  MoAver, formerly a captain  in the
regiment, Avas badly Avounded, and Avas also treated in our camp at his request.  The  general hospital, for the reception of the
Avounded during the battle of the 3d, Avas in a dangerous and exposed  position, but Avas moved early on the morning of the 4th
to a place of comparative safety.   A large number of hospital tents Avere erected, and everything necessary for the comfort and
convenience of the wounded was provided.  I saw seA'eral amputations but no  resections.  Chloroform was  the anaesthetic
usually  employed.  Ambulances, attended by hospital stewards and nurses, brought the wounded from the field. ' The Confed-
erate Avounded who fell into our hands Avere frightfully torn and mangled, owing to the short range of the heavy artillery fire to
Avhich they were exposed.   The Confederate army was  supplied with  almost every kind of firearm: the Enfield and Minie, the
common rifle with round ball, old muskets and shot guns.  The Federal Avounded were sent by railroad to Jackson, Tennessee.
and to hospitals in the north. The total number killed in this engagement was three hundred and fifteen, and of wounded, one
thousand eight hundred and twelve."      *      *      *
CCII.   Extracts from a  Narrative of his Services in  the  Medical Staff.   By Surgeon J. G.
      Hatchitt,  U. S. Volunteers.

         *  *   "My first service was in the capacity of brigade surgeon of the 2d brigade, 1st division, army of the Ohio, at
camp near Shiloh church, Tennessee, some three weeks after the battle at that place.   This brigade, composed of the 4th and
10th Kentucky, 10th Indiana and 14th Ohio regiments, had  undergone a severe winter campaign.  Two of the regiments had
fought in the battle of Mill Springs, and all had suffered from measles Avhile on that terrible march to and from Mill Springs in
January and February.   About the 4th of May, 1862, this brigade commenced the inarch to Corinth, it still raining almost
incessantly,  and roads nearly impassable.  Camp diarrhoea prevailed to an alarming extent.  Indeed it Avas hardly possible to
find one not afflicted AAdth it.  Every feAV days the ambulances Avere filled Avith patients for Pittsburg or Hamburg landing, to
be sent north.  But still the morale of the troops Avas excellent, and every soldier  seemed eager to  push  on to Corinth.  On
May 19th, Ave had advanced to within three miles of Corinth.  A heavy picket firing  and a  brisk  artillery duel commenced,
the enemy frequently throAving shell into our camp,  and continued a portion of each  day until Corinth Avas  taken.  The 1st
division of the army of the Ohio had been attached to the army of the Tennessee, Avhich composed  the right Aving of the army
of the Mississippi.  On May 20th, the medical director of the army of the Tennessee, Surgeon Simons, ordered me to establish
a hospital in the rear of the right Aving of the army of the Mississippi, to accommodate five hundred wounded.  I succeeded in
getting a supply  of medicines, blankets  and bed sacks, but not a hospital tent or cooking  utensil, except one mess chest, could
be had in the department.  Twenty old Sibley tents Avere all that could be obtained for shelter.  Nearly a week Avas consumed
in getting the supplies transported to a farm  house selected for the hospital.  Acting Assistant Surgeons W. H. Martin of
Indiana, Deforest of Ohio, and Belote  of Tine  Bluffs, Arkansas, a steward  and  a cook were detailed to assist me.  It so 
                     REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS  HATCIIITT  AND  KEENON,  U.  S.  V.                251

happened that, though frequent details of nurses Avere made, none ever found their Avay to the hospital, they, in every instance,
being made from parts of the army two or three miles distant; after Avandering a feAV days through the Avoods in search of the
hospital, they Avould find their Avay back to their regiments.  The consequence Avas that on May 31st, Corinth being evacuated,
and the divisions near the hospital being ordered to join at once in the pursuit of the enemy, I had three hundred sick delivered
at the hospital within a couple of hours Avithout a nurse.  The regimental surgeons, supposing the hospital Avas in readiness,
ordered  their ambulances to take the sick to me.   When  the ambulances arrived, the surgeons and all avIio could help Avere
several miles distant with their regiments.  HoAvever, bed  sacks Avere soon filled Avith hay, camp kettles from deserted camps,
and every species of pot, etc., from the  rebel fortifications, some two  miles  distant, were gathered up, and nourishment, as
good as army rations could make, Avas provided;  and notAvithstanding the many difficulties we labored under, I am not aAvare
that any man suffered for the want of attention.  Water had become very scarce.  For some time the army had been able to
procure only a very indifferent article by digging holes in Ioav grounds, into which would soon seep a milky-looking fluid.  We
found a  bored Avell at the hospital, Avhich supplied good  water, but Avithin  a week it was  completely exhausted, and then it
could only be obtained by hauling  a mile.   Diarrhoea and dysentery Avere the prevailing diseases.   All being under malarial
influences, it Avas necessary to administer  quinine  and whiskey freely.  Sulphate of magnesia and castor  oil, followed with
nitric acid and tincture gentian, quinine, FoAvler's solution, sub-nitrate of bismuth, or  opiates, as circumstances indicated, Avas
the treatment most beneficial.  The powers of digestion and assimilation Avere so much impaired that  the most generous and
nourishing diet Avas necessary.  RaAV onions Avould  promote the  digestion better than any medicine or diet that could  be given.
So universal Avas the improvement  of diarrhoea on  the  free use of raAV onions, that it seemed only to require a sufficiency of
them to cure the entire army.  On  June 15th, I  Avas ordered  to move this  hospital into Corono Female College building at
Corinth, Mississippi, the most pleasant  locality in that  vicinity.   At this place, with  the help of convalescents, Ave  erected a
bakery that  supplied an  excellent  article of bread for  five hundred patients.  Water  Avas also  so  scarce here that it Avas
impossible either to scrub the building  or wash for the hospital.  There Avere over eight hundred  in  this hospital during the
month of June, one hundred and forty-five of Avhom Avere sent  to hospitals  north, one  hundred and  ninety-six  to duty, and
forty-six  died.  By order of Major  General Thomas, commanding 1st  division of the army of the Ohio,  I Avas instructed to
convey, as soon as I could be relieved at the Corinth hospital, all of the sick of General Buell's army, able to bear transportation,
to HuutsA-ille, Alabama, and to report to the 2d brigade of  his division.   I Avas relieved on July 28th, and arrived next day at
Tuscumbia, Alabama, AA'ith convalescents.  At this place I  found  a large number of convalescents of General Thomas's division,
numbering, Avith those from Corinth, about five huudred.  We  Avere  detained  here for the want of transportation, the railroad
bridges being burned near Decatur.  They being repaired, on August  7th, I started two hundred and fifty convalescents, as
many as the train Avould  accommodate, to Decatur.   The train proceeded to Avithin ten miles of Decatur, found a  small bridge
burned, and came back to Tuscumbia.   The acting  assistant surgeon in charge, with some two hundred convalescents, leaving
the train at the bridge, attempted to Avalk to  Decatur, but were  attacked by guerrillas, and about half of the squad  captured.
On the following day, I started Avith the remaining convalescents, built the bridge, and arrived at Decatur early in the night.
On August 10th, I arrived at Decherd, Tennessee,  Avith all of the convalescents of the 1st division, and reported to General
S. S. Fry, commanding the 2d brigade."             *
 CCIII.   Third Extract from a  Narrative  of his Services.   By Surgeon  J. G. Keenon, IT. S.
      Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "The next and last engagement at which I was present Avas that fought by the Confederates retreating from
 Corinth, Mississippi, and General Hurlburt's division, on the Hatchie River.  *  *  This engagement Avas on October 5, 1H62,
 and lasted from about nine o'clock in the morning till  three in the afternoon.   General Hurlburt's forces were five thousand
 six hundred, and that of the enemy much greater, but he was compelled to retire, leaving nearly all of his dead and many of
 his wounded on the  field.   At this battle our loss was very heavy because of the great advantage the enemy had in position, and
 the precise range of his artillery on a bridge over Avhich our troops  were compelled  to pass; but the courage of General
 Hurlburt's command and their great confidence in their leader enabled them to press upon the enemy and drive him from the
 field.  Our supplies here Avere ample and the Avater excellent.  The Avounded Avere transported to the  rear in ambulances and
 surgical attention  immediately ensued.   The majority of the wounds Avere of a desperate character, being inflicted by canister
 at short range, but as the men Avere in excellent condition and promptly treated, the mortality Avas comparatively light.  Nearly
 every amputation Avas primary and performed on the field.  After the  retreat of the  enemy, General  Hurlburt gave orders to
 have the Avounded transported to Bolivar, Tennessee, which Avas promptly done.  The  men Avere carried in  ambulances and
 wagons.  On their  arrival in Bolivar,  they were  put  in dAvellings where they had every attention  desirable, and the most
 favorable results ensued.   But feAV cases resulted unfavorably, though  a great number of the wounds were of a serious nature.
 Here again chloroform Avas used Avith  no unfavorable  results.  Our number of killed and wounded was  something  over five
 hundred."      *      *       *                  ________      ____

 CCIV.   Extracts from a Report relative  to the  Casualties at the Battle  of Perryville, Kentucky,
      October 8,  1862.   By Surgeon Geoege G. Shumabd,  IT.  S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "The  rebels, according to  their usual custom, have  attempted to conceal the number of their losses at the
battle of Perryville, while  ours appear to have been somewhat overstated.   I  have thought it my duty to aA-ail myself of all
the means in my poAver, as medical director of the district concerning the Avounded of both armies, to obtain correct information
upon the subject, and the  folloAving statement, Avhich you can regard  as official, may prove of interest to you.  The number
of rebels killed in the battle cannot, I presume, ever be correctly ascertained, as it is well known their officers made use of every
means in their power to conceal their losses in this  respect.  It appears that a large number of their dead Avere conveyed from 
252                       APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—WESTERN  ARMIES,  1862.

the battle-field on the night of the  battle, October 8, 1862, and secretly buried  in  trenches.  Several of these trenches have
been found, and are situated at a considerable distance from the battle-field.  Others are also reported to have  been discovered
in other localities, but for Avant of time I have not been able to examine them.   Besides  these, a large number of their dead
were  found scattered through  the Avoods adjoining the  battle-field, having evidently been coiiA-eyed there after the battle for
burial.  In one locality alone I saw  no less than fourteen dead bodies that had been conveyed to a considerable distance from
the field.  They Avere arranged in tAvo rows of seven each, and Avere, no doubt, brought there for the purpose of burial.  The
rebel losses in this respect may therefore be regarded as much larger than at first reported.   With regard to the number of their
wounded from the battle, my information is someAvhat  more  satisfactory.   Immediately after the retreat of the enemv, every
means Avere taken to collect the Avounded of both  armies that still remained unprovided  for.  Those belonging to the rebels
were found scattered  through the neighboring Avoods, and in such houses, barns and stables as could be obtained during  the
hasty retreat of their army.   All that could be found Avere carefully conveyed to proper hospitals.  It is Avell known, however
that a large number were secretly conveyed to houses of rebel sympathizers in the vicinity of Harrodsburg and elsewhere
and by that means remained effectually concealed until  means were afforded them to make good their escape.  It is also well
knoAvn that nearly all their wounded that could be transported in Avagons or on horseback were taken Avith their army during
its retreat  through Perryville, Harrodsburg and Danville.   While  retreating through  Harrodsburg,  their  hospitals Avere
carefully searched, and all whose Avounds Avould admit of their being transported by  wagon or othenvise Avere taken along
Avith them.  At this point no less than forty Avagons Avere loaded Avith their Avounded, Avhile many more were supposed to have
been taken from private houses in that rebel toAvn.  We may, therefore, safely estimate the number of their wounded transported
along Avith their army, in wagons or othenvise, at one thousand; though I have good reasons for believing that fifteen hundred
would come much nearer to the truth.  In this estimate I have not included such as Avere  slightly Avounded, of which there
must have been a large number able to accompany their army on foot.   Surgeons J. G. Hatchitt, U. S. V., and DeCamp,[J. S. A.,
Avere directed to forAvard  correct statements of the  number of rebel Avounded left in Perryville and  Harrodsburg, and in  the
vicinity after the retreat of General Bragg's  army.  From their reports I learn that one thousand were left in the neighborhood
of Perryville, and one thousand seven hundred in and around Harrodsburg.  Adding to these the thousand transported along
with their army as explained above, and we have a total of three thousand and seven hundred Avounded. *   *  In addition
to these, about four hundred sick and Avounded Avere left in Danville, Avhich increases the number to four thousand one hundred.
Their entire loss in killed  and Avounded from the battle cannot, therefore, fall far short of  seven  thousand.  The total  number
of our men wounded  during the battle was about  two thousand.  In this number are included  all  those who Avere left under
treatment in Perryville after the battle, as Avell as a large number that Avere sent  to Louisville for treatment."    *     *    *
CCV.   Extracts from a  Narrative of his Services in the Medical  Staff.   By Surgeon  G. G.
      Shumard, IT. S.  Volunteers.

      *  *  *   " Late in August the division was ordered from northern Alabama to Louisville, Kentucky, thence along with
the remainder of General Buell's army, to Perryville, Kentucky, where it participated in one of the  severest battles of the war.
It is proper here to remark that previous to starting from Louisville, the different surgeons of the army Avere directed by-
Surgeon R. Murray, U. S. A., medical director, to procure full supplies  of medicines, hospital stores, dressings, bedding, etc.,
but no sooner Avere the supplies procured than they Avere ordered to be left behind by  General Buell, Avho directed that only
one wagon should be furnished to each brigade for the transportation of medical and hospital stores.   As each brigade consisted
of four or five regiments of infantry, besides  cavalry and  artillery, one  can Avell  imagine that the supply thus conveyed was
altogether insufficient to meet the  wants of the sick.   No hospitals had been previously established anywhere along the route
travelled by the army.   To add to the difficulty, no tents of any character Avere alloAved  the troops.  As the marches were
long and fatiguing,  while the nights were cool and disagreeable, the army suffered severely from  disease, and by the time it
arrived  in Perryville, the number of sick Avas unusually large.   Hospitals Avere established at different points along the route,
and the sick made as comfortable  as our scanty means would permit.  The battle of Perryville Avas fought on October 8, 1862,
and for  the number actually engaged, may Avell be considered  one of the  bloodiest  and most severely contested of the war.
The Aveapons employed by the  enemy consisted of Minie, Enfield, and Springfield rifles,  and common muskets.  Most of the
wounds inflicted Avere from conical balls, and Avere large and severe, the balls appearing to have entered the body sideways,
revohdng.  Our loss in killed and Avounded during the  battle amounted  to between three  and four thousand,  while that of the
enemy Avas much larger; being estimated by myself, from data obtained  after the battle, at about  seven thousand.  During the
engagement, I received orders from General Buell's headquarters to report immediately to Major General Crittenden, as medical
director of his corps, Avhich formed at that time  the right wing of the army.  I continued Avith this corps until October 16th.
By  this time the sick  had accumulated  so rapidly that it was  found  necessary to  establish large hospital depots for their
accommodation.   Perryville and Harrodsburg Avere already croAvded Avith  the wounded,  besides these, large numbers of sick
and Avounded Avere scattered about the country in houses, barns, stables,  sheds, or Avherever they could obtain shelter sufficient
to protect  them  from the Aveather.  As the army marched through Danville, all the remaining sick Avere ordered to be left,
which increased the number of sick and wounded in  the district from both armies,  the rebels during their  retreat having
left most of their sick and wounded  behind, to nearly eight thousand.   Unfortunately  the  few medical and  hospital supjdies
that Avere  taken by the army from Louisville Avere by this time almost exhausted, Avhile the  rebels had consumed all that
Avere in  the country  preA'ious to our arrival, so that this large number of sick Avere left  almost entirely destitute of supplies of
every description.  Under these embarrassing circumstances, I was directed to take charge of the district. Immediately after
receiving the order,  Avhich reached me in the afternoon of  October 16th, I repaired to Danville, and there found about fifteen
hundred sick, Avithout shelter, most of them remaining where they had fallen from the ranks of the army as it  marched through
the  toAvn.   In two days the number of sick at this point Avas increased to tAvo thousand five hundred.  The  difficulties of my 
REPORTS  OF SURGEONS  SHUMARD  AND  HATCH1TT,  U.  S. V.               25o
situation can be better comprehended when I state  that  a  very large proportion  of  the sick left at this single point were
typhoid fever cases; that most of them Avere without blankets, and that I had not a single article of bedding of any character
in my possession, Avhile my entire supply of medicines was contained  in a small army medicine chest I had been  fortunate
enough to bring with  me.   The  sick and wounded in Perryville and  Harrodsburg, as well  as  those  scattered through the
surrounding country, Avere also  in an equally destitute condition.  All the buildings suitable for  the  purpose  that could be
obtained in  the district Avere immediately taken for hospitals.   Parties were sent in  every direction to collect such supplies as
the country could afford, while the medical purveyor in Louisville was telegraphed to, to forward medicines, dressings, hospital
stores, bedding, etc., Avithout delay.  Unfortunately the supplies sent by the purveyor Avere  arrested by the quartermaster in
Bardstown, so  that nearly two weeks elapsed  before  they  reached  their destination.  Meanwhile  the  agent of the  Sanitary
Commission in  Louisville hearing of our Avants, immediately forwarded, at the expense of the  Commission, supplies of bedding,
hospital  stores, and medicines.  But for the timely arrival of these, many lives would, undoubtedly,  have been sacrificed;  as it
was, probably some lives Avere lost, and much suffering endured that might, in my  opinion, have been  avoided by permitting
the surgeons to take such supplies with them from Louisville, as their judgment told them would be necessary for the comfort
of the sick.   In Avriting the above, I do  not by any means Avish to reflect  on  the conduct of our excellent medical  director,
Surgeon Robert Murray, U. S. A.  That efficient officer did everything in his power to prevent the condition of things  I have
described.   His Avishes upon the  subject Avere known to myself and others, and I do not hesitate to express my conviction, that
had they been  carried out, supplies in abundance would have been at hand for the sick.  The supplies received from the
Sanitary Commission, together with a small lot that Avas sent  by the purveyor at Louisville to General Crittenden's corps, and
which I, luckily, succeeded in arresting on the road, enabled me to supply the most pressing wants of many of the more serious
cases; but it Avas not until the supplies were received that I  ordered from the medical purveyor in Louisville, that the sick were
made comfortable.  Besides the  want of  medical and  hospital supplies, I had to contend Avith another difficulty of a no less
serious character.  No money was left in the hands of the commissaries for the purchase of articles of diet necessary  for the
sick.  These could only be obtained from the farmers  in the surrounding country, who almost invariably demanded  the  cash
for the articles furnished upon delivery.   In this Avay a very large hospital fund accumulated, Avhich was of no benefit Avhatever
to the sick,  while I avhs forced to adopt other means to obtain the articles required.   The principal diseases Ave had to contend
with Avere typhoid  fever and  typhoid pneumonia.  In addition to these there were a large number of cases of erysipelas,
measles, camp diarrhoea, and dysentery.   In the treatment of the first tAvo of these diseases, oxygen  gas Avas largely employed,
and in many instances with favorable results.  As fast as the sick and  wounded recovered they were sent to their regiments,
and by January 1, 1863, the number remaining in the district was reduced to only a few hundred,  and I was enabled to close
the hospitals in Harrodsburg and Perryville by sending the  sick from these two points to the hospitals in Danville.  *  *
Chloroform  Avas freely employed in nearly all the serious surgical operations performed in the different commands to Avhich I
have been attached, and in no instance has it disappointed our expectations.  I have  neither seen nor heard of any bad  results
folloAving its use.  Sulphuric ether has, in a feAV instances, been employed as a substitute for chloroform, but from  my own
knoAvledge and experience, I Avould much prefer the latter.  During the battle of Perryville our troops' suffered much  from the
absence of water.  The season had been exceedingly dry, so that most of the Avells and other sources of supply in the country
were exhausted before the arrival of our army.  It was Avith the utmost difficulty that water could be obtained  to meet the
Avants of the Avounded.  From the fact of the enemy retaining possession of the greater portion of  the field during the night
after the battle of Perryville, but few of the Avounded could  be removed  until the following day, when they Avere transported to
temporary hospitals in ambulances.  Nearly all the amputations and other operations Avere  performed after the removal of the
patients from the field."      *      *      *
 CCVI.   Extracts from a Report on the Care of the  Wounded after the  Battle of Perryville.
      By Surgeon J. G. Hatchitt, IT. S. Volunteers.
      #  *  *  "The 1st division, General George H. Thomas, Avas ordered to remain at Nashville to garrison that place;
 and Surgeon Robert Murray, U. S. A., medical director, ordered me to proceed with that part of the army going in pursuit
 of the enemy into  Kentucky, temporarily attaching me to the 6th brigade, General Willich's.  The march to Bowling Green
 commenced  about  September 9th.   The weather was very hot and water  was scarce.  The enemy attacked and  captured
 Mumfordsville about the time Ave arrived at Bowling Green.  He having thus gained a remarkably strong position, and having
 a superior force, we halted three days for General Thomas's division, which had been ordered up. On arriving at Cave City,
 Surgeon R. Murray,  U. S. A., ordered me, on September 21st, to take charge of a hospital there, containing about tAvo hundred
 sick of our  army, and  one  hundred and thirty rebels  Avounded in the battle of Mumfordsville.  I found the hospital ill
 supplied  Avith  rations ; nothing on hand, in fact, but two beef cattle and three barrels of dried apples.  The entire army had
 passed on, and a  captain of the commissary department, folloAving with a railroad train of commissary stores, refused to stop
 and  issue, though, I am informed,  he had orders to do so, and was aAvare of our condition.  Fortunately General George H.
 Thomas,  with  his staff, rode  back to the hospital, and being informed of  our condition, ordered me to send our sick back to
 BoAvling Green, to  distribute the enemy's wounded among citizens in the vicinity, and to report again to the 2d brigade of his
 division, with which  order I at once proceeded to comply.  On arriving at Mumfordsville, I received  an order  from  Surgeon
 Murray, wliich was intended to have reached me at Cave City, instructing me to remove the patients at Cave City  to Mum-
 fordsville; to take  charge of the sick and wounded at that place also; and, after seeing that they  Avere Avell provided  for, with
 a sufficient corps of surgeons in attendance, to rejoin  the army.  Those  at Cave City being already disposed of, I complied
 with the order so far as it related to those at Mumfordsville,  and again joined the army on the march to  Louisville.   I found
 at  Mumfordsville  about seventy sick of our army, and nearly  two hundred Avounded Confederates.   At Louisville the  army
Avas detained about five  days to receive shoes and clothes.  A full supply of medical stores and hospital tents Avere procured. 
254
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS---WESTERN  ARMIES,  1862.
All old  ambulances were condemned by a board of survey,  but new ones could not be procured.  About October 1st, the
army commenced its march again in search of the enemy, Avhose principal force was then at BardstoAvn, Kentucky.   *   *
At ShepardstoAvn skirmishing commenced and continued daily, but with no casualties of importance.   When within  a few
miles of Springfield, artillery firing commenced, and continued from nearly every hill top until Ave arrived at the battle-field
of Chaplin Hills.  It, however, did not much delay our march, as the enemy Avould retire to another hill as soon as our artillery
had the range.  At  Springfield  the Second Corps, General Crittenden, passed to our right by Avay of Lebanon, thus leaving
the Third Corps in the centre.   *   *  On the night of October 7th, Ave  arrived  Avithin two  miles of Doctor's Fork, a creek
about tAA'O miles west of Perry ville, running northeast, thus crossing our  road at an angle of forty-five degrees.  About a mile
beyond the crossing of the road, this  stream turns duenorth, and some two miles further empties into Chaplin River.   General
Fry commanding the  pickets on the  night of October 7th, I necessarily accompanied him.  He gradually pushed the pickets
on until about midnight, when we arrived at a farm-house on Doctor's Fork, where I remained with a number of rebel Avounded
that  had fallen into our hands.  Our men Avere faint for  want of Avater.  There were  a few pools of stagnant Avater  along
Doctor's Fork, and  by scooping holes in the gravel in the  bottom of the stream, this water Avould soon SAveep through clear
and palatable to the parched tongue.  East of this creek, and running parallel with it, Avas a range of Avooded  hills.   General
Buell seems to have ordered General Sheridan's division to take possession of this range of hills next Inorning, so that our men
could have the benefit  of the AA-ater in the creek while we halted for the  right wing, General  Crittenden's corps, and the left
Aving, General McCook's corps, to come up, both having fallen, on account of more circuitous and difficult roads, some ten miles
behind.   About five o'clock in the morning, musket firing commenced  briskly, General Fry still being in command of the
regiments that were on picket duty.  I remained  Avith him, about a half mile to the left of the  road, while General Sheridan's
division proceeded to  attack the enemy along the road and on either side.  About nine o'clock, General  Fry ordered the 10th
Indiana and 86th Illinois Volunteers  to charge the enemy, and he, heading the column, they SAvept across the creek  and over
the hill in splendid style.  NotAvithstanding the enemy Avere opposed  to us in double line of battle, they fled in the utmost
confusion.  In this  charge the two regiments lost only twelve killed and  tAventy Avounded.  After our Avounded were attended
to, I proceeded some four hundred yards in advance of our lines, and gathered up all of the enemy's Avounded, and sent them
back to the  hospitals Avhich had been established at farm-houses in the rear.   About this time, General  McCook's  corps was
seen coming over the  fields to our left, his extreme right being about a quarter of a mile distant from  our extreme left, and
advanced beyond us until his  right, the 15th Kentucky and 2d Ohio, rested on Doctor's  Fork, just where it makes its turn*
northward.   After this rout of the enemy, our line fell  back to the west side of the  hills, apparently to avoid a general
engagement, for the right wing had not yet come up.  Thus, facing eastAvard, the right of the left corps Avas about half a mile
in advance east-northeast of our left, with a range of hills intervening.   About tAvelve o'clock, the enemy attacked the  entire
line  of both our centre and left corps, advancing from the northeast.  From the exposed  position of the left corps, and the
course of the enemy's advance,  the larger portion of his force, Cheatham's and Anderson's divisions, Avere necessarily thrown
against it, while only Buckner's division attacked the centre corps.  At this time, the 10th Indiana Volunteers, the only regiment
of my brigade on the field, being relieved and ordered out of line, I retired a little in rear, on top of a high hill, where I  could
aAvait the coming of my brigade, Avhich I supposed Avould soon be ordered up, and, at the same time, have a full vieAV of nearly
the entire battle-field, of the Avhole ridge  that the centre corps occupied,  and the fields occupied by General McCook's corps.
Though someAvhat exposed to the enemy's fire, the view of the Avhole field Avas so perfect that I could not resist the temptation
to remain, and sat there on my horse, looking alternately upon the battle scene and then anxiously, but in vain, for my brigade,
until the full moon had lighted  up tbe bloody field.   The battle raged Avith remarkable fury.  I saAV the left Aving givinp Avay,
and  aids from  that corps  coming for re-enforcements.  I saAV the Pea Ridge Brigade, and 3d  brigade,  1st division, General
Steadman's, inarching  to their assistance.   The latter, however, Avas too far distant to arrive at the scene of action before dark.
The object of the centre corps seemed to have been only to hold their position, until about four o'clock in the afternoon, Avhen
it Avas  discovered that the left  was being  driven back.  It then pressed on until the enemy were driven beyond Perryville,
and  darkness stopped the fight.  The next day seemed to have  been occupied in swinging the right wing around, so that our
lines would  face north—some artillery firing going on nearly all  day.  The 2d brigade still remaining in  camp, I took occasion
to A-isit  the  hospitals of the centre corps, established at four farm-houses on the main road.   They were well supplied Avith
hospital tents, and the regimental supplies of medical  stores were sufficient for the number of Avounded, but there Avas much
inconvenience for the want of water.   The number of surgeons in attendance Avas  so ample that I could find no place where my
services Avould  be of avail.  On the  morning of October 10th, the 2d brigade  having orders to march,  I rode by way  of the
hospitals of the left corps.   Arriving at the first, knoAvn as the Russell house, I  found about one hundred and fifty Avounded,
most of them lying on the ground in the yard, and no surgeon, except Surgeon  G. D. Beebe, U. S. V., medical director of
McCook's corps,  and three or four from the 1st division.  They had labored all night as best they could.  No supplies having
reached this hospital, they  Avere compelled to amputate Avithout chloroform.  On inquiry of Surgeon Beebe, I learned that all
of the surgeons of his corps Avere at hospitals farther in the rear, and had as much to do  as they could attend to.  I offered my
services, and, as a chilling rain Avas commencing, proposed to move the  Avounded to Perryville, tAvo miles distant, that being
the only place Avhere shelter could be found.  At Surgeon Beebe's request, I undertook to move them.  A long train of empty
ambulances  passing, Avere  set to immediate work, and  I soon obtained all of those belonging to the 1st division.  The road
was over remarkably rough and rocky hills, and the cold rain continued during the evening and night.  They Avere  put m
houses in Perryville, Avhich place had been vacated by the  citizens on  account of the  proximity of the battle, and made  as
comfortable  as wounded could be with no comforts but shelter and straAV and proper nourishment.  The hospitals of McCook a
corps suffered for Avater even more than those of the centre.   Some surgeons told me that they could  not get Avater enough to
wash the blood from their hands for tAvo days.  Every available ambulance Avas constantly employed until all the Avounded
that could bear transportation Avere removed to Perryville.
      On the 12th, Surgeon Robert Murray, medical director of the army, ordered me to take charge  of all  the hospitals in
Penyville and vicinity.  On the 15th, Ave received some five hundred blankets, seveu hundred bed sacks, said some cooking 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  SWIFT,  U.  S. A.
255
 utensils, intended for McCook's and Gilbert's corps.  The supplies ordered  on my requisitions were promptly started from
 Louisville, but by some  means never explained, they were stopped and stored at Bardstown, where they remained some two
 Aveeks before they could be found.  In the meantime the  Sanitary Commission came Avith large  supplies.   Water had to be
 hauled a mile for the hospitals.  We were well  supplied with beef and mutton, but the armies had stripped the country of
 nearly everything Avith Avhich Ave could have made the hospital fund available.   The larger part of the enemy's wounded Avere
 taken to Harrodsburg on his retreat,  Only nine hundred and five were left at Perryville in my care.   The greater portion of
 these were kept  at their field hospitals on  Chaplin River, some  two and three miles beloAV Perryville, where they were
 convenient to good water.  They were sheltered principally by fodder stacks or arbors, which, during the pleasant Indian
 summer of October and  November, were  by far the best hospitals we had.  There was a great deficiency of stationery, and it
 was impossible for the surgeons to make a complete record  of the wounded.  My steward succeeded in getting the names of
 one thousand seven hundred and forty-five  of our army, and nine hundred and five  of the enemy, but his description of their
 wounds was too inaccurate for  statistical information.  As soon as  the Avounded recovered sufficiently to bear transportation
 they Avere sent to the Louisville, Bardstown, and Lebanon hospitals, generally in empty Avagon trains going for  commissary
 stores.  By this means the number in hospital Avas decreased the first month to about eleven hundred, after which time Ave only
 sent the convalescents to the Danville hospitals.   This battle was fought at very short range. The unevenness of the ground
 enabled the enemy to mass his troops in the holloAvs and raA'ines, and frequently threw them within  a feAV yards of our batteries
 before they Avould be in range of our fire.   The enemy used in this battle solid shot,  shell, grape, and canister, the Springfield,
 Austrian,  and Mississippi rifle,  Avith conoidal  ball, and a large proportion of smooth muskets, with  buck and ball.   The latter
 proved a most effective Aveapon in a battle of  so short range, the contending columns  sometimes being not more than fifty yards
 apart.  It may be on account of the use of the buck and ball that our wounded exceeded the enemy's, while his killed exceeded
 ours, the  conoidal ball  Avhich Ave used exclusively being more surely  fatal.   Primary  amputations  and resections  were
 performed at the field depots.  There Avere, however, only  ten of the latter, two of the head of the humerus, three of parts of
 inferior maxillary bones, and five of continuity of long bones, all of which recovered.  The  primary amputations Avere all flap
 operations, Avith only three or four exceptions.  A feAV of these died from the sloughing naturally attending too  large a flap.
 The secondary  and tertiary amputations mentioned  beloAV, with three or four exceptions, I performed  at the  hospitals in
 Perryville, all of Avhich  were circular.  The following is the result of the amputations: of eleven primary amputations of the
'thigh, loAver third, three  died, middle third, seven died, upper third, six died.   Of secondary amputations of the thigh, eleven
 cases, all died.  Of tAvo  tertiary amputations of the thigh, one recovered.   Of seventeen primary amputations of  the leg, five
 died.  Of five secondary amputations of the leg, two died.  Of two  tertiary amputations of the leg, both recovered.  Of four
 primary amputations of shoulder joint, two recovered ; secondary, one case died.  Of sixteen primary amputations of forearm,
 all recovered; four secondary cases, all recovered.  Of tAvelve primary amputations  of the arm, all recovered; secondary, six
 cases, four recovered.  Trephining, three cases, two died.   For some of the interesting surgical cases, I refer to remarks made
 on monthly reports.  The anaesthetic constantly employed  was chloroform, and no bad  results  ever folloAved its  use.  I can
 form but an imperfect estimate of the number of  casualties.  The official report of two thousand nine hundred wounded of our
 army seemed to me much too large ; certainly not over  tAvo thousand  three hundred ever reported in hospitals in and about
 PerryAulle.  Six hundred and tAventy of the enemy Avere buried on the field  by our men.  About January 1st, General Rosecrans
 ordered Lieutenant W. H. Daniels, of the 81st Indiana Volunteers, the efficient  quartermaster of  the Perryville  hospitals, to
 report to his regiment, and another quartermaster could not be obtained.  My labors  were thus much increased.   Much of the
 fire Avood had to be cut in the Avoods by the nurses, teams had to be kept to haul the  wood, forage to be obtained for the teams.
 It Avas necessary to go occasionally from six to ten miles for forage,  so much had the country been stripped by the armies, and
 sometimes it Avas necessary to seize both wood and forage at the point of the bayonet.  Of  the four surgeons and twenty-six
 assistant surgeons Avho  aided me with the wounded of this battle, it would be invidious to  mention  a name with a view of
 distinction, for all did their duty; but Surgeon  R. R. McMeary, 3d Ohio Volunteers, may be mentioned and remembered as
 one Avho sacrificed his life by incessant daily labor and night long vigils to relieve the suffering  soldiers.  By March 23d, the
 hospitals of Perryville Avere closed, and all  public property  Avas sent to Danville, to be transferred to officers there.   I intended
 to get there by the 25th, Avith invoices to complete the transfer, but on the  24th, hearing cannon in the direction  of Danville, I
 supposed there Avould be  a battle, and started thither immediately.   Before arriving, I discovered that the enemy had possession
 of the place, our forces having  retreated towards Lexington.  By circuitous routes, travelling  until two o'clock next morning,
 I succeeded in reaching the rear guard of our army.   By thus leaving Perryville so unexpectedly, I lost a number of beautiful
 specimens  of gunshot injuries intended for the Army Medical Museum."
 CCV1I.   Report of  the  Operations  of  the  Medical  Staff  at  the  Battle  of  Murfreesboro1,
      Tennessee.   By Surgeon E. Swift, IT. S. Army, Medical Director of  the  Department of the
      Cumberland.
      "HereAAUth I have the honor to transmit a brief report of the transactions of the medical department of the army of the
 Cumberland, together Avith the reports of the medical directors of the right, left  and centre wings.  On the morning of the
 26th of December, 1862, pursuant to orders from the commanding general, the army moved forAvard from camps  near Nashville
 toAvard Murfreesboro', the right on the Nolansville and the centre on the Franklin pikes, Avhile the left advanced direct on the
 Murfreesboro' road.   Soon after, Major General McCook, in command of the right Aving, left his  camp on Mill Creek.  He
 encountered the cavalry of the enemy and skirmished Avith them till he  reached Nashville.  About a mile in advance of this
 place (Murfreesboro') the enemy made a determined stand with a battery in position, but Avas soon routed Avith  the loss of one
 of his guns and several prisoners.  We had three  men killed and seven wounded in Davis's division.  The heavy rain of the
morning had subsided and now the country Avas enveloped  in  fog or mist.   The same day, General Geo. H. Thomas, in command 
256                      APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--WESTERN  ARMIES,  18C2.
of the centre, moved across the country from the Franklin to the Nolansville pike, sent aid to General Davis, Avhom he learned
was  engaged,  and,  on the folloAving day, marched to  Stewartsville, on  the Murfreesboro' pike.  He remained here till the
morning of the 29th, when he advanced to the support of the left Aving, which had preceded him, and Avas iioav near Murfreesboro'
On the 30th, General Negley's division  of this portion of the army joined  Avith Sheridan, who occupied the left of Genera]
McCook's command, which had moved up  from Nolansville, on the Wilkinson pike, and now occupied a position nearly parallel
Avith the enemy, the left resting on the Wilkinson pike and the right extending southeasterly in a line in a direction with the river.
In this movement of the  right from near Nolansville, General Stanley, in command of a division of  cavalry in  advance
encountered the enemy in considerable force and drove him beyond Triuna.  The cavalry lost one killed and five Avounded, and
in another affair the much lamented Major Rosingartin was killed and Major Ward mortally wounded.  Six cavalry soldiers
were also wounded and were taken Avith the command in ambulances, and placed in hospital at the cross roads.  Major General
Crittenden, in command of the left wing, Avhile advancing along the Murfreesboro' pike, met the enemy on the 27th, at Lavergne,
and put him to flight.  In this engagement Ave lost two  killed and thirty-two Avounded.  These latter Avere left in hospital at
Lavergne, in charge of medical  officers, and  Avere subsequently  removed to Nashville.  On the 29th,  this grand division of
the army moved into position on  the extreme left, with General Palmer on  the right, resting on  the Murfreesboro' pike and
joining Negley of the centre, and  General  Wood occupying the ground from  Palmer  to  the  river.  General  Van  Cleve in
reserve of this and General Rousseau in rear of the centre. General  Rosecrans, with his entire staff, advanced from Nashville
on the Murfreesboro' pike, and having reached the head of the column,  turned oft' to the right over a heavy mud road, visited
General McCook's command and returned to his camp,  in  the rear of Lavergne, about four o'clock the folloAving morning.
Here he remained contemplating the movements of the enemy till the folloAving day, Avhen he moved on  to Stewartsville.  The
next day, the  29th, late in the evening, he  visited  General Crittenden's headquarters near Murfreesboro', and remained in
consultation all night with the chief officers of his command.  On the  folloAving morning, one of our batteries in position a
little to the left and in'advance of the general,  opened fire  upon a  battwry of the enemy still more  to the left  and on elevated
ground, which, replying,  killed  one of the escort, Private Dolan, of the 4th U. S. Cavalry, and wounded the adjutant of the
57th Indiana Volunteers in the shoulder;  at the same time a private of an  infantry regiment, not engaged, Avas killed.  The
general  and his staff now fell back three or four hundred  yards to the sloping ground on the left of the road, where he remained
all day.  About eleven o'clock, the heavy picket-firing on our left ceased and opened generally along our right Avhere General
McCook was being engaged.   The enemy  was strongly entrenched behind earthworks extending from the river on our extreme*
left across our front in almost a direct line, then far on along our right,  but receding from the Wilkinson to the Franklin pike
through heavy timber.  The left Aving lost to-day three killed  and  eighteen Avounded; the centre fourteen killed and fifty-three
wounded; and the right twenty-four killed and one hundred and  five Avounded.  Before leaving Nashville I  had  approved of
full and complete requisitions, at the suggestion of Surgeon Murray, U. S. A., my predecessor, for the three grand  divisions of
the army.  I had also in reserve,  tents, bedding, etc., for a field hospital for more than two thousand five hundred men, which
I ordered up from the rear on the  29th, as soon as I learned the enemy had made a stand near Murfreesboro'.  At the same time, I
ordered forward twenty ambulances, all that Ave had on hand at NashA'ille.  Surgeons Avere detailed to perform operations Avhen
decided on after consultation, for dressing, and such other  duties as the reception and disposition of the wounded, and circum-
stances required.   Early on the morning of the 31st, the  enemy, during the night, having massed a heavy force on our right,
fiercely attacked Johnson's and Davis's divisions, which he forced back, and Sheridan's being heavily pressed  Avas obliged to
recede.   The hospitals, Avounded, and nearly all the medical supplies of this Aving of the army, thus fell into the hands of the
enemy.   We Avere also called on  to lament in sadness the loss of General Sill, and many noble and  brave officers and men.
About nine o'clock, the commanding general, with his staff, dashed boldly forward to the left wing, and  in person directed the
movements of troops and placed batteries in position.  His daring presence so near the enemy's line, brought  doAvn upon him
an angry and  spiteful fire  of musketry, round shot and shell, almost at point blank range, but utterly disregarding this metallic
storm, our brave  commander moved calmly on from left to  right cheering and inspiring our faltering troops, and throughout the
day, wherever the tide of  battle most fiercely raged, General Rosecrans bore his charmed life  and ubiquitous presence.  The
noble Garesche was killed by his  side, and his aides, Lieutenant Kirby,  severely, and Porter slightly Avounded.   Sergeant
Richmond and four privates of his escort were also killed or wounded,  the former mortally.  Much the heaviest loss sustained
to-day fell upon the  regular battalions, brigaded under command  of Lieutenant Colonel O. L. Shepherd, in holding the cedar
brake, on the right of the centre, against the columns of the  enemy sweeping down upon them, after haAung forced  back our entire
left Aving.   This loss amounted to five hundred and sixty-one  killed and Avounded, more than one-third of their number, in fact
I might probably better say nearly one-half.   Our casualties in killed and Avounded did not fall short of four thousand, including
about one thousand five hundred  of the  right wing, one thousand tAvo hundred of Avhom, wounded, fell  into  the hands of the
enemy.  The ambulance corps, though temporarily organized, worked  admirably.  As soon as the fire of the  enemy slacked at
any  point along our lines, and became only desultory, the ambulances dashed in at a brisk trot and snatched our wounded from
their picket lines.  In justice, I  should add, they did  not fire  on these brave men when they kneAV  their  humane mission;
friend and foe, no longer combating, being equally the objects of their care.  It became necessary, in order to accommodate so
many wounded, to make use of tents, and  my field hospital having arrived,  I Avas enabled to afford comfortable shelter for all.
In the early part of the day, Surgeon Weeds, assistant  medical director, went  to  the rear to take charge of the property
pertaining to the field hospitals and place it in a proper position.  About ten o'clock, Surgeon McDermont, medical director of the
right wing reported to me—his hospitals and wounded, hospital supplies and medical officers having fallen into the hands of the
enemy—and asked for instructions.  I directed him to a cedar brake on  the left cf the road, half a mile to  the rear, Avhere I
instructed him to make a temporary field hospital, constructing the shed roof and beds for the Avounded from cedar boughs, to make
his requisitions on Doctor Weed for supplies and report to me when he  could receive the Avounded.  Visiting this place an hour
later I found it untenable,  or at least, unsafe, on account of round  shot  and shell from  the enemy occasionally  falling upon it.
I then directed Surgeon McDermont to find suitable buildings  on the pike to the rear.   In the meantime my attention was draAvn
to a large number of Avagons, ambulances, caissons, etc., moving from  different points to the river more to  the  left.   I soon 
 
 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  SWIFT,  U.  S.  A.
257
 learned they had come in disorder from the right and Avere looking for safety over an uneven  rocky ford, on the opposite river
 bank.  This Babel-like confusion Avas someAvhat  augmented by the approach of the enemy, Avho iioav charged upon this flank.
 They Avere, however, driven back before much property had been  destroyed.  I had succeeded in drawing out  many of the
 ambulances before crossing the ford.  Three  Avere reported to me as  having been taken by the  enemy and  burned   The
 remainder subsequently did good service.  During the  day, the enemy's  cavalry made a  descent upon  our hospitals on the
 Nashville pike, but beyond some confusion and embarrassment, they did  little harm.   Our oavii cavalry, commanded by Captain
 Otis, speedily drove  them away.  During the night 1 visited the hospitals  Avithin our lines along  the pike,  and off of it to the
 rear, and was gratified to find the Avounded well provided and  attended.  At daylight, surgeons,  nurses  and attendants were
 busily occupied in the labor they had begun the morning before.  As the fighting on the 1st of January Avas confined to brisk
 skirmishing, and but feAV casualties resulting therefrom, Ave Avere able to complete our organization and finish the  heavy work
 so suddenly throAvn upon our hands the  day before.  Many of the slightly Avounded, those who Avere able to Avalk  and ride in
 empty Avagons, I ordered to Nashville, twenty-five miles to the rear.   After a brisk engagement the folloAving morning Avithout
 any marked results, the day passed on much as the preceding, till five o'clock, when the enemy came down Avith an ovenvhelming
 force upon our left flank, driving, for a while, everything before  him; but, emerging from  the heavy timber upon the open
 ground, he Avas met by terrific volleys of grape, round shot  and shell from fifty-tAvo  pieces of artillery,  placed  in position by
 Captain Mendenhall, on the opposite river bank.   The enemy faltered, then fell back, and soon this liA'ing mass was in full
 retreat.  Our  loss, not exceeding five hundred men, Avas comparatively small, his being estimated at nearly three  times that
 number.  Then, as on other occasions, the  ambulance  corps behaA-ed well.  It Avas  dark  Avhen the  battle ceased, but Avhile
 occasionally only shot fell from tbe baffled foe, our Avounded  Avere on the road, and  less than an hour later they Avere all
 comfortably proA'ided for in the hospitals in the rear.  Lieutenant----,  avIio had charge of this branch of the medical service,
 deserves favorable mention for his zeal and industry; for though he  could not share,  from indisposition, the  more bold and
 daring occupation of his brave comrades, he contributed much  to the comfort of the Avounded. Saturday morning found our
 army bivouacked in mud, drenched Avith rain, Avithout shelter, and  almost  without food, but still hopeful and cheerful.  None
 Avere sick; few complaining.   Our hea\-y lines of pickets on all sides Avere all day engaged,  and at night  General Rousseau
 stormed the rifle-pits in front,  carried them and held them.  Our loss in this affair, and  throughout the day, Avas not large.
 This proved to be our last encounter Avith the enemy.   On the following day we Avere engaged in the mournful task of burying
 our lamented dead.   I visited the hospitals on the Wilkinson pike and  neighborhood, now again Avithin  our lines, and found
 the Avounded geuerally well cared for.  Surgeon Marks, and other  medical officers, as also the attendants left in the hospitals
 by direction of Surgeon McDermont, medical  director of the  right Aving,  I am happy to state, Avith but few exceptions, did their
 duty faithfully and Avell.   Their labors were great and harassing, and not unattended with danger on the 31st, when  the
 ground AA'as fiercely  contested, and  yielded  to an overwhelming force.   Some buildings Avere pierced by round  shot and
 musketry,  wounding attendants in the earnest discharge of their duty.  During the battle of the 31st  some of the Avounded of
 Negley's division of the centre fell into the  hands of the enemy. These have been reported to me  as having received the same
 care and attention as their OAvn Avounded, by the medical officers of their army.  In fact they have said to me they had been
 'Avell treated'  and had 'no reason to  complain.'
       Surgeons Bogue, Johnson, Brelsford  and Wright are highly  commended for their gallantry in maintaining their position
 with their wounded comrades when the hospitals of this portion of the army fell Avithin the enemy's lines.  In strong contrast
 AA-ith these and many other brave, devoted and self-sacrificing  men, it becomes my painful duty to say Assistant Surgeon V.
 D. Miller, 78th Pennsylvania Volunteers, is reported to me by the  medical director of his corps as having 'basely  deserted his
 post.'  Surgeon Phelps, medical director of the left wing, is entitled to the highest praise for his zeal and untiring industry in
 the establishment of  the largest field hospital in  the rear, and  for professional  skill and devoted attention to the wants of  the
 wounded.  Surgeon Blair also deserves credit for  the comfortable provision  made for those entrusted to his care  in tents and
 shelters made  of tent flies.  The Avounded here, as everywhere under canvas,  did Avell,  and most  clearly  established, in  the
 opinion of  all, the advantages derived from free ventilation thus  afforded over hospitals in ordinary dAvellings of Avood or brick,
 notAvithstanding a liberal provision of Avindows and doors.  I am gratified  to say my conservative vieAvs were generally adopted,
 and that amputations were seldom performed Avithout consultation.  Many exsections were made  Avhich are doing Avell, and
 some cases are treated as  compound fractures with marked success.   Surgeon WoodAvorth, of General Van Cleve's division,
 Surgeon Heise, 100th Illinois Volunteers, E. B. Glick, 40th  Indiana, S.  H. Kersey, 36th  Indiana, and Surgeons J.  T. Wood,
 99th Ohio Volunteers, and C. J. Walton, 21st Kentucky Volunteers, (these  latter having done the largest part of the operating)
 are favorably brought to my notice.  Surgeon Muscroft, of General Rousseau's division, established a hospital in the rear and
 accommodated comfortably a large number of wounded.   Many of the serious cases are in an advanced stage of recovery.  His
 zeal,  skill, and industry are commendable.   Surgeon James, medical  director of the cavalry division,  and Cumfort, of  the
 Anderson troops, also did faithful service.  Assistant Surgeon Faylor has been assiduous in his attention to sick  and wounded.
 Lieutenant Colonel  Northcote,  unable longer to bear the fatigue and exposure incident to duty in the lines on account of ill
 health, aided me greatly in organizing parties of stragglers, with whom he  policed camps and procured Avood, water and straw.
 Captain Monger, with his company, Avas detailed to guard property and  enforce discipline in and around the field hospital, and
 Captain Stackpole to provide and issue subsistence  stores as required.  These  gentlemen  did their duties faithfully and well,
 and  gave universal satisfaction.  The duties of these officers, like those of the medical department, though not of the brilliant
 nature of their more  fortunate comrades in front, Avere essential to the comfort of the  brave wounded and deserve Avell of their
 commanding general  and of the country.
      I must crave your indulgence for again mentioning the ambulance corps and Lieutenant----.  The service performed
 Avas  highly creditable.   The  drivers and  assistants,  (among  the  former I desire to mention Private F. M. Figett,  Com-
pany H, 21st Kentucky Volunteers, killed,) Avere  prompt and zealous in the discharge of their duty.  This service Avas often
necessarily continued  into the night and near to the enemy's  lines, yet these brave men, unarmed, untiring  and unflinching in
the face of  danger, gathered their bleeding comrades from under the guns of the enemy and bore Ihem to the  rear.  My orderly,
         33 
258
APPENDED DOCUMENTS--WESTERN ARMIES,  1862.
Private Barrett, 4th U. S. Cavalry, deserves creditable mention for his unceasing devotion to duty and the prompt manner in
which he conveyed  my directions on the field.  My clerk, William Domer, private in the Anderson  Cavalry, who, I  am glad
to learn, has been highly recommended for a commission, also served faithfully and assiduously at the hospitals in the rear.
      The commissary and quartermaster's departments are entitled to our thanks for timely and  efficient  aid  in furnishing
supplies and transportation, and in the preparation of hospitals for the reception of sick and Avounded here and at Nashville.
My thanks are also due to my assistants,  Surgeon Weeds and  Surgeon Phelps, Avhom  I have previously mentioned for their
prompt and efficient cooperation, and  for A-aluable suggestions  conducive to the comfort and best treatment  of our Avounded.
To Surgeon Thurston, assistant medical director at Naslwille, also, for his  zeal, energy and rare professional  ability displayed
in providing for the Avounded sent him from the battle-field.   Surgeons McDermont and Beebe Avere untiring in their labors and
afforded me valuable  aid. Their observations on treatment of wounded, etc., as sIioavii in their reports hereAvith appended
should receive attention.
      From the difficulty of individualizing Avhere so  many are distinguished, I have  mentioned but few officers as deserving
of commendation for faithful and conscientious attention to duty.  I am sorry to say, Iioav ever, there  are those Avhose conduct
has been bad; AA'hose names at an early day will be forAvarded to the commanding general for his action.  Among these are two
officers Avho left the field to look for hospitals beyond Stewart's Creek, and did not soon return.  They were reported to me by
Colonel Burke, 10th Ohio Volunteers.
      With  the present standard of  professional ability among subordinate  medical  officers, too much stress cannot, in my
opinion, be laid upon the importance of securing supervisory talent  of  the  highest order.  The rank noAV common to corps
medical directors is most inadequate to the responsibility, extent  of authority, and respect attaching to such a position, Avhile
the pay and emoluments pertaining thereto are a poor inducement to skillful practitioners to abandon a lucrative practice at home
for the drudgery, exposure, and, at best, brief honors of service Avith troops in the field.
      While the medical officers, now acting in this capacity, are comparatively the best fitted therefor among those open to
selection, I am of opinion that the standard of professional administrative capacity of such officers should be elevated,  and that
increase of rank, (it may be local.) pay and emoluments to medical directors, will insure the availability to the department of a
much higher order of talent than is,  at present, accessible.  It appears to  me  that the liberality of the Government, and the
 people Avhich prompts such donations of money and  supplies for sanitary purposes, might be most  advantageously applied to
securing more valuable  personal attentions to the objects of these laudable efforts.   I append hereto a complete return of the
killed and wounded of the various subdiA'isions of the army, with a tabular statement of the location  and nature of Avounds.

 Tabular  Statement Showing the  location of Three  thousand  one hundred and two Wounds
           received in the Army of  the Cumberland, during the Battle of Stone  River.
Head and Face.......	282 134 259 347 21	ElboAV.............. Wrist............	16 22 245 59 57		52 11 159 100 432		626 94 45 141
							
				Hip.................			
		Neck...............		Side................		Foot................	
				Thio-h...............			
							
The remaining Avounds are unknown or too slight in their nature to be mentioned.
General Summary of Casualties during the Battle of Stone River.
Corps and Detachments.
Right Wing...........................
Centre................................
Left Wing.............................
Staff and Escort of General Commanding.
4th U. S. Cavalry......................
Chicago Board of Trade Battery.........
Pioneer Brigade........................
1st Cavalry Division....................
Total.
Officers.
30
16
42
 1
92
Killed.   Wounded.
100
 94
180
  2
  1
  1
  3
  3
384
Enlisted Men.
Killed.   Wounded.
573
308
527
  3
  3
  3
  7
 17
1,441
  Total
killed and
 WOL'NDED.
2,481
1,619
2,663
    3
    8
    5
   21
   61
6,861
3, l."4
2,037
3,412
    9
   12
    9
   31
   84
8,778
Very respectfully,
To the  Surgeon  General U. S. Army."
      EBEN SWIFT, Surgeon  U. S. A.,
Medical Director, Department of  the Cumberland. 
                        REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS  BEEBE  AND PHELPS,  U.  S.  V.                   259

CCVIII.   Extract from a Report of the Casualties  of the Centre Division  of the  Fourteenth
      Corps at the Battle of Murfreesboro\   P>y Surgeon G. D. Beebe, U. S. Volunteers.

      *  #  *  a prom the location of the line of battle,  the  surrounding country presented very fair facilities for the care of
the Avounded, in an abundant supply of Avater and wood, and a  limited supply of good buildings, in Avhich the more formidable
cases could be sheltered and cared for.   The ambulance service Avas Avell  managed, and the number of ambulances Was found
sufficient for the prompt  removal of wounded ;  so that in  no  instance, Avithin  my knoAvledge, Avere the Avounded alloAved to
remain on  the field over night Avithin our oavii lines.  The  supply of hospital tents provided by yourself, added to those in the
hands of the regimental officers, furnished, so far as my observation  extended, all the additional shelter needed.  The regiments,
for the most  part, had a fair supply of medical  and hospital stores, which, added to the reserve supply in the hands of .the
efficient medical purveyor of my corps. Assistant Surgeon II. C. Barrel 1, enabled  us to provide promptly for the wants of all, and
added greatly to the efficiency and success of the medical officers of the command.  I cannot too strongly recommend the policy
of having  each corps or grand  division provided Avith a good reserve  supply for emergencies of this  character, Avith  the
demonstration of  their efficiency here, and the demonstration of their  deficiency at  the battle of  Champion Hills.  In operative
surgery, the  medical officers have shown a good degree of skill  and ability.   The operations have been  well made, made
promptly,  and have been folloAved by every promise of success  in a large majority of instances.  Resection has been resorted to
frequently  as a primary operation, and Avith varied success.  In the upper extremity the success is quite uniform, and the same
may be said of this operation below the knee.   In the shaft of the femur, I believe amputation is the true conservative course.
From careful observation, I am prepared to recommend, very strongly, the folloAving directions in amputating: first, that in flap
operations  the muscular tissue should be cut away or pared off after the flap is made, until the flap is well thinned down, as it
saves, at best, the necessity for this  tissue being removed by absorption,  and may  save the otherwise extensive suppuration of
the stump.  Second, that  in amputation, and, indeed, all  operations  involving extensive incisions,  the cut surface  should be
allowed to  remain exposed to the atmosphere for from three-quarters of an hour to  tAvo hours before  the stump is closed.  This
provides against the formation of coagula between the flaps,  Avhich act as foreign substances, and, by alloAving the cut surfaces
to glaze Avith plastic lymph, secures adhesion by first intention in a large number of primary and  also secondary operations.
In tbe field hospitals, but little erysipelas has appeared, and the isolated cases have yielded readily to the topical application of
per-sulphate of iron, and, so far as  I ktioAV, Avithout loss of life.  In the varying fortunes of the fight, a considerable number of
our wounded fell into the hands of  the enemy, and, though these received as good care from the Confederate  surgeons as did
their own,  eAren this, indeed, Avas bad enough.  Primary operations Avere, for the most part, omitted by them,  and many lives
were, in consequence,  lost.  Cleanliness Avas neglected and erysipelas made its appearance in a comparatively large number of
wounds, and some fatality resulted.  In our OAvn hospitals, no  distinction was  known  betAveen friend and foe, and all  shared
alike in the benefits derived from  professional  skill and abundant supplies.  The hospital first established for the division of
General Negley Avas within the  enemy's lines, on  Wednesday,  the  31st, and, for tAvo days folloAving, Avas a good deal exposed
to fire.  Great credit  is due to  Surgeon R. G. Bogue, 19th Illinois, Surgeon W.  P. Johnson,  18th Ohio, and  Surgeon J. R.
Brelsford,  74th Ohio Volunteers, for the gallantry with Avhich they  maintained their position at this  hospital, and cared for the
wounded  of  both  armies.  In contrast Avith these and many  others, I  regret  that I  am  compelled to mention the name of
Assistant Surgeon V. D. Miller, 78th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Avho, after the fight was OATer, basely deserted his post, leaving
the hospital under his charge in a most filthy condition, Avith  tAvo dead bodies lying A\There they died, several hours previous to
his leaving, by the side of wounded men.  When  expostulated  with and  urged  to remain, he made use of language unbecoming
an officer, and had not the medical officers of another  command rendered prompt attention, the men thus deserted must have
suffered greatly.   For this  prompt attention, and for thorough efficiency under all circumstances, I am under obligations to
Surgeon W. M. Wright, of the  79th Pennsylvania Volunteers.  With the single  exception above named, the medical officers
were prompt and untiring in the discharge of their laborious duties,  and their conduct, as  a whole,  certainly challenges
admiration."       *      *       *
 CC1X.   Extracts from Reports of  the  Operations of  the Medical  Department  of the  Left
       Wing of  the Fourteenth  Corps at the Battle of Murfreesboro'.    By Surgeon A. J. Phelps,
      U. S. Volunteers.
       *  *   *  "On  the 9th day of December, 1862, I issued an order upon the organization of field hospitals very similar
 to the one issued by Surgeon  Letterman in the army of the Potomac, and accordingly Avas prepared thus far for the emergency
 of a battle.  The surgeons of each division Avere assigned to specific  duties—some as operators, some as assistants, etc.   It Avas
 decided that  the field hospitals should  not be placed less than tAvo miles in the rear, so  that the manoeuvres of the army
 should not necessitate its removal.  I also had ten transportation wagons loaded with reserve hospital  supplies of such articles
 as Avould be most needed in the event of a battle,  or for the construction of  roadside hospitals;  these Avere placed under charge
 of the  acting medical purveyor of the wing, Assistant  Surgeon H. W.  Carpenter, 90th Ohio Volunteers.  On DeccmWr 27th,
 our forces had a brisk skirmish Avith the enemy at Lavergne, losing,  in killed, tAvo; Avounded, thirty-tAVO.  The Avounded Avere
 left at Lavergne under charge of  a  medical officer. On  the evening of the 29th, we came  upon the  enemy  in force tAvo and
 three-quarter miles from Murfreesboro'.  On December 30th, Avhile  our forces were being placed in position, I established one
 field hospital for each division of the left Aving under the charge of their several medical directors. The Wood's division hospital
 was established in the vicinity of  the  brick house, two and one-half miles to  the rear, and on  Overall's Creek.  Palmer's
 division hospital was established at Avery's house, on the Nashville pike also, and near by.  *  * Van Cleve's diA-ision hospital
 was established nearly a mile nearer the front, but Avas removed  on the morning of the 31st  to the  brick house in juxtaposition
Avith Wood's hospital. To these  points were brought the hospital Avagons, ambulances, etc., of  each  division, and also the
reserve supply of hospital  stores.   Wood's division hospital was constructed entirely  of  regimental  hospital tents; the other 
1_()0                       APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--WESTERN  ARMIES,  1862.

two  had, in addition, the houses  above referred to.   Thus  affairs stood on the 31st.   Soon after the battle opened, Avhen the
right Aving gave Avay, the rebel cavalry swung around and captured one hospital, and began  to drive off our supplies, and
even despoiled some of our medical officers of their personal property, but it Avas only a brief period before the  hospital and
property Avere recaptured by a (lash of our OAvn cavalry.  As the battle progressed it became necessary for us to accommodate a
very large number of Avounded from the centre and right, Avhose temporary hospitals, and some of Avhose surgeons, fell into the
lines of the enemy.  Our accommodations  becoming speedily exhausted, Ave Avere  fortunate  in getting control of a  large
proportion of the hospital tents that Avere so Avisely brought in the rear train from Nashville.   These Avere pitched, and long
sheds Avere formed from their flies;  by all these means it is estimated that Ave accommodated at these three hospitals not less
than four thousand  five hundred Avounded.  HoAvever, Ave Avere very much relieved by the order Avhich Avas given to send
all the slightly Avounded immediately to the rear at  Nashvilh.  In the several days' battle Avhich succeeded, our losses were
essentially as follows:
Officers killed.........................................................................................     39
Officers Avounded......................................................................................    166
                                                                                                         ------   205
Non-commissioned officers and privates killed.............................................................    r>35
Non-commissioned officers and privates wounded.......................................................... 2,614
                                                                                                         ------  3,149

      Total.................................................................................................  3,354
       I cannot express myself in terms too strong of the activity, faithfulness and efficiency of the medical officers of this Aving.
They all acquitted  themselves Avith credit.  Surgeon W. W. Blair,  58th Indiana A'olunteers, and acting medical  director of
Wood's division, deserves special mention.  The perfect order of his hospitals  and the success of his operations  sufficiently
recommend him for any position as director of hospitals or division.  In like manner I Avould speak of the efficiency  of Surgeon
M. G. Sherman, 9th Indiana Volunteers, as medical  director of Palmer's  division; also, M. C. WoodAvorth, surgeon 51st  Ohio
Volunteers, as medical director of Van Cleve's division.  I would  also mention favorably Surgeon A.  W. Heise, of the 100th
Illinois Volunteers and Surgeon J.  B. Armstrong, 31st Indiana Volunteers, Surgeon E. B. Glick, 40th Indiana Volunteers, and
Surgeon S. H. Kersey, 36th Indiana Volunteers, Avho have been recommended highly to my notice by their respective medical
directors in their official communications; but I Avould not do myself justice did  I  not again report in  this connection that it
would be difficult to single out any number of medical officers  Avhose services  did  not merit the commendation of the most
exacting.  Surgeon J. T. Wood, 99th Ohio Volunteers, and  Surgeon C. J. Walton, 21st Kentucky Volunteers, did  the largest
part of the operating, perhaps, at the 3d division hospital.  There Avere,  in all, nine  regular operating  tables, beside dressing
tables upon which some amputations were performed; consequently a large number of the operations were essentially primary.
A consultation Avas  held over each  case previous to operation,  and,  in  many instances, the limb Avas examined  afterward.
Amputation Avas resorted to in those cases in Avhich the limb was shattered, and in AArhich the knee joint was seriously implicated,
Avithout hesitation.   At the same time it Avas recognized as a  fact, that it  sometimes requires exceedingly nice examination to
determine an injury of the joint sufficient to discard  all hope of good from conservatism, and consequently there are not less
than  six instances of very suspicious cases  of gunshot  Avounds, apparently implicating the knee joint, that are doing well.
Exsection Avas performed in a number of cases, most generally of a little  more consequence than removing comminuted bone.
Occasionally a large proportion of the shaft  of the bones Avere removed, particularly of the upper extremity.   I consider
exsections in the case of the shaft of the femur,  should very generally give  Avay to amputation.  I cannot give the  number of
resections of joints  that were made.  I  Avitnessed tAvo  of the elbow joint.   The subsequent treatment  of the Avounded Avhich
has only extended through a feAV days, has determined me in the opinion I have heretofore entertained, that a surgeon  is culpable
in placing Avounded men in a house when he has  a tent at his command. There is no mistaking the  difference between the
Avounded cared for in a tent after a Aveek has  elapsed, and one Avho has been breathing the confined air of a house room, no
matter what have been the attempts at ventilation.  Very soon those patients  of ours who Avere treated in  the houses began to
show  symptoms of erysipelas, pyrcmia and secondary haemorrhage.  On the other hand, cases of perforating wounds of the
lungs  in the tents, have rallied and bid  fair for recovery; and  cases of amputations of the arm Avere walking around on the
seventh day.  Erysipelas cases Avere isolated as soon as possible.  The most successful treatment appeared to be large doses of
the tincture of chloride of iron internally, tincture of iodine to the surface of the wound, and a Aveak solution of creosote
applied by saturating cloths and keeping them constantly reneAved to the contiguous surface.
       As a result of my observations during this battle, of the great  amount of suffering that Avas preA'ented by the  reserve
supply of tents and of hospital stores, I would recommend that this supply shall be constantly held in readiness and  accompany
the army in its advance against the enemy.  I Avould also suggest, as a general rule, the sphere of greatest  usefulness for the
surgeon is at the hospital, in  case of a severe and protracted battle;  and that, therefore, not more than tAvo medical officers
to a brigade should be permitted to go  on the field.  And finally, I would suggest the necessity of having every regimental
hospital organized AA'ith its full set of nurses, Avho shall be  properly drilled  and prepared under  the  orders of the surgeons^
to render their services as  attendants and  dressers, and to feel their responsibilities on these trying and laborious occasions.
But I must not  neglect to report  my entire  satisfaction of the preliminary organization of  field hospitals that  I  adopted,
and recommend  it to others.    *    *    With the monthly medical  reports  of the Fourteenth  Corps for  January,  I
forwarded a complete list of killed  and Avounded, Avhich shows a loss of three  thousand four hundred  and fifty-five for the
left Aving, about  twenty-five  per centum of  Avhom were either killed or mortally Avounded.   *  *  On December 9th,  I issued
an  order on the organization of field hospitals very similar to  that  issued  by Dr. Letterman  on the  Potomac.   This  order
directed that, in case of a battle, the field hospitals should ordinarily be jdaced at not less than two miles  to the rear, in  order
that the manoeuvering of the army should not necessitate their removal, Avhich proved to be no unnecessary precaution.  I also
had ten transportation Avagons loaded with a reserve  hospital supply of such articles as would be most needed, for the purpose 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON  PHELPS,  U.  S.  V.
261
 of furnishing a roadside hospital to accommodate as many as five hundred bad cases of wounded or sick.  These stores were
 placed under the charge of an acting medical  purveyor.  *  *  On December 27th, we had a brisk  skirmish at Lavergne,
 losing two killed and thirty-two Avounded.   On  December 30th, Avhile our forces Avere  being placed in  position, each division
 director established his hospital in proximity Avith the others three miles to the rear.  To this point Avere brought the hospital
 Avagons.  ambulances, etc., of each division, and also the  reserve supplies for the  corps.  One of the  division hospitals was
 constructed entirely of regimental hospital tents and flies.  Each of the others had a house in addition to their tents.  Thus
 affairs stood Avhen the battle  opened on  the 31st.  Early on that morning, the right Aving of our army gave Avay, and the
 rebel cavalry SAViing around to the left  and  captured  our  hospitals and  supplies; but they were recaptured  after a brief
 time  by a dash from our own cavalry,  and Ave soon had a large number of Avounded  from all portions of the army under
 our care.   Recognizing  the advantages  of primary operations, Avhere an  operation  Avas,  beyond doubt,  necessary, nine
 operating tables Avere devoted entirely to  this  purpose.   A consultation Avas held over each case  previous to operating, and
 in many instances the limb Avas examined afterward.    But,  I regret to say that a few operations  of doubtful  propriety
 Avere performed, by surgeons Avhose only claim  to  a place in the hospital  consisted in having some of their  Avounded there.
 But this  operative interference Avas not tolerated  Avhen  discovered.  Where the  most  commonly  received  conditions Avhich
 require amputation, such as  a shattered  limb, destruction of blood vessels  and  nerves Avith fracture, or serious  injury of
 the knee joint Avas present, amputation Avas performed immediately.   But,  as in all  battles, there Avere  many cases that
 presented themselves, in which general rules Avere of but little avail in arriving at a satisfactory opinion as to the proper course
 to pursue.  Among  these Avere, first, compound comminuted fractures of the  thigh; second, Avounds of the  knee joint and
 vicinity.  Without  attempting to quote authors upon the subject,  it is a very generally received opinion that gunshot Avounds of
 the thigh, Avith comminution  of the bone, require  amputation;  and there are  surgeons in  this army Avho  iioav speak very
 disparagingly of any attempt at saving a limb, Avhen Avounded, in this manner.   But my  observation in such cases, during the
 recent battle, convinces  me of the propriety of conservative surgery, and of its great advantages over operative, and I am led
 to think that the apology, that  surgery in the field requires to be modified to accord Avith so many unfavorable circumstances,
 should not be tolerated to the extent that it is.   I  beg to refer to the accompanying reports of cases of this class of injury,
 reported from one of the division  hospitals under my direction.   It will be seen that twenty-tAVO cases are reported, in all of
 which, Avith the exception of four cases, union, or a reasonable  expectation of union, had taken place Avithin thirty-five days.
 It will be seen that the treatment was very simple. Those  spiculae only Avere removed that Avere entirely detached, and the
 fractured bones Avere kept in their normal position by means of the double inclined plane.  I am better satisfied Avith  this form
 of splint than any  other, the Aveight of the body keeps up a  gradual counter-extension, and it is very simple  of construction.
 I  heartily endorse the observation of Doctor Heise,  that ' the result of these few cases, so much at variance with the experience
 of all military surgeons, Avill be one more reason to  encourage a hope  for a favorable result from conservative treatment of those
 unfortunate cases.  Judging from these few cases, the mortality is much less than the statistics of amputation of the thigh in
 military surgery are found to be.'  Gunshot Avounds of the knee and ankle joint are another class of cases to which the general
 rule of amputation has been held to apply, especially those of the knee joint.  I believe the principle to hold good, in cases of
 wounds of the knee joint, where the ball lodges in the joint, or where the articular extremities of the bones are  comminuted,
 but I do not think it does when there is mere perforation,  nor do I believe that a conical  ball, passing through the head of the
 tibia, necessarily produces  a longitudinal fracture  into the joint.  The  same  remarks will, more  readily, apply to Avounds
 involving the ankle joint.   By reference to the accompanying list of cases, it will be observed that there  are five cases, one was
 doubtful, of wounds of the knee joint reported, Avhere, conservative surgery was tried, with the loss of one case.  Such results
 should certainly cause us to reflect seriously before adopting the general rule to amputate in all cases Avhere this joint is
 implicated.   There  are many wounds apparently involving the knee joint that do not.  It seems that the shape of this articula-
 tion favors the deflection of balls in an extraordinary degree, and this Avould add one more reason for an exceedingly careful
 examination in these cases;  and in all cases of doubt, to cause the surgeon to give the limb the benefit of  that doubt.   The ratio
 of success in amputations of those Avho make the fullest reports is flattering.  Doctor Heise reports six amputations, three Avere
 Confederates, of the upper third of the thigh, without success.   In amputations of the loAver part of the thigh, he reports success
 in sixty per centum of cases.  In amputations of the leg, he reports eighty per centum of success.  In amputations of the arm,
 he reports nine cases, all of which were successful; also, one case of successful shoulder joint amputation.  Of all who have
 reported, Doctor Heise has had the largest experience by far, in amputations.   Doctor Walton's success in thigh amputations
 equals that of Doctor Heise, but in other amputations he does not compare so favorably, neither had he the same  advantages to
 operate early.  As his  tabular statement will sIioav, almost all his operations Avere performed three or four days after the injury
 was received.  I find that the terms resection and exsection are very vaguely applied by surgeons, very generally meaning but
 little more than the  removal of comminuted bone.   The only resections of joints performed, to my knowledge, Avere those of
 the elboAV, shoulder, and ankle joints.  In four cases of resection of elbow joint all Avere successful; one case of resection of the
 shoulder  joint was unsuccessful; one case of resection of  ankle joint was successful.  The resection of head  of the humerus
 was a secondary operation, with bad prospects at the time of operation.   In wounds with comminution of bone, it is my opinion
 that too much pains Avere taken to remove  all the fragments of bone, Avithout reference to  the amount  of their  muscular and
 periosteal attachments, and too much stress was laid upon the necessity of removing the  spiculated extremities of  fractured
 bones.  When it becomes necessary to remove the shaft of a bone, I believe that every advantage practicable should be taken
 of the muscular planes, and that all violence to the tissues in the immediate vicinity of the  bone should be  avoided that is
 possible.   I saw two resections in the shaft of the  femur, both died.  Resections of the  tibia, humerus, radius, and  ulna, did
 well.  In  the wounds of the  chest reported, I  have been careful to include none  as penetrating,  unless upon satisfactory
evidence.  Seven of these cases are reported, Avith success in four; and four cases of non-penetrating Avounds of the chest Avith
complete success.   I am of the  opinion that penetrating wounds  of the lung, provided the missile does not lodge within
the chest  Avails, are not  so fatal as formerly  believed.   Macleod  says, in effect, 'that  after exhausting all the science of
surgery, venesections, etc., these wounds proved uniformly fatal,' and I do not Avonder that it should be so, for their science of 
262
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--WESTERN  ARMIES,   1862.
surgery in  this instance Avas  altogether in the line of antiphlogistics, and the terrors of inflammation Avere ever present in their
imaginations.  Our treatment of these cases Avas vvvy simple : cold Avater dressings to the avouiuIs externally, perfect reM. and
full doses of opium.  If the pulse began to run high, tincture of veratrum viride A\as used.  Our observations of wounds of the
abdominal cavity and its viscera are very limited.   Four cases only Avere reported, of which tAvo were fatal, the other tAvo are
exceedingly interesting; in both of them the  boAvels protruded, and in one the  omentum sloughed.   When the  omentum in
these wounds has  become  strangulated and  congestion of the external mass has become established, it should be alloAved to
slough off, as the inflammation Avhich Avill  then exist at the point of constriction,  will be much  less dangerous than that which
Avill result in case the Avound be enlarged and the tumor be returned.
       Erysipelatous inflammation attacked many of the Avounds, but it did not prevail so  extensively in the tents as in tho
houses.  Generally it yielded readily to the treatment adopted, viz.: internally, muriated tincture of iron in large doses, repeated
frequently, tAventy drops every two or three hours;  externally, as a local application, tincture of iodine, and cloths  saturated in
solution of creosote;  the former to the Avound and inflamed  surface, the latter a little  more extensively to the limb.  In a few
cases of amputation, gangrenous ulceration attacked the stump ; also secondary haemorrhage  took place, and, in spite of every-
thing, death usually supervened.  It Avas remarked, that in  all these respects, the Confederate Avounded Avere much more afflicted
than our OAvn.  They evidently do not possess the recuperative powers of our OAvn men, notwithstanding their general appear-
ance Avas good. . I could account for this difference in the  recuperative poAver of  the tAvo classes of soldiers only from the fact
that their vital powers Avere really impaired by the Avant of a variety in their camp diet, a necessity that is beginning to be fully
realized, in order to insure the good health  and vigor of an army.  The complication of tetanus presented itself, but not to a "reat
extent.   When decided, however, death, as usual, resulted, excepting in one case that came  under my direct observation. In
this case, there Avas distinct opisthotonos.  I Avas informed  that in several instances it threatened, and was  arrested by the free
use of  opium externally and internally; but I  judge that these Avere merely cases of nervous irritability.  Chloroform Avas used
freely without any fatal accident;  but I conceived that those cases did not finalby do so well which Avere kept under its influence
for a length of time, and I am of the opinion that when used, the patient should be kept under its influence merely long  enough
to last  through the severest part of the operations.  I believe that Avhen a patient is kept under its full influence for a long time
that his chances of recovery are thereby lessened.   *   *  The method of amputation  employed was, very generally, the flap.
Those cases of flap operation, however, that approached nearest to the circular method did  best, and I have thought that our
success Avould be greater if the circular method Avas adopted more generally.  The only hope we have of an entire success is
union by the first  intention in  the flap operation, and  this depends upon the subsequent  attention of the surgeon.  We can
seldom expect to realize it while Ave have  to depend  upon  inexperienced nurses  for dressers.  The weight of an  unsupported
flap will invariably break  those tender bonds of union that nature so readily attempts.   I  have  long  since concluded, in
my own mind, that a surgeon is culpable who Avill place Avounded or sick men in houses, when he has tents  at his command.
My observations, after the recent battle, has confirmed me in this  opinion.  The contrast in the appearance and recovery of our
patients, between those  treated in houses and those treated in tents, was sensible to the most  casual observer.  The greatest
mortality, in all  classes of wounds by far, Avas reported from the houses, while those who were treated in  tents retained  their
color, appetite, and cheerfulness.  I remember to have seen among  those treated in tents, three cases of amputation of the arm,
walking around at the  end of six days, and  also one  case of shoulder joint amputation, who  Avalked about in  camp  on  the
twelfth day.   In the event of another battle, I shall recommend to the general  commanding, that each regiment  shall leave,
subject to the order of the medical director, a number of quarter tents proportionate to the number of Avounded in their command,
Avith Avhich a very good field hospital  can  be  constructed,  to  accommodate  all the severely Avounded, Avhere they can be more
successfully as Avell as more satisfactorily treated.  I enjoy feelings of intense satisfaction, Avhen I reflect  upon the amount of
suffering that Avas  avoided by having on hand the reserve hospital  supply  referred to in the first part of this report.   I made
this train an institution of the corps, and have the wagons included in the headquarters train, so that the supplies will always be
ready for any emergency that might suddenly present itself.  The preliminary organization of a field hospital is a subject that
should immediately engage the  attention  of every medical director.  It goes a great  way to obviate the  great confusion that
seems to be ineATitable, when thousands of wounded men are suddenly brought under his care.  It creates for him a system that
he can put into operation anyAA'here, and under any circumstances.  By this precaution upon  our part, we were enabled to take
care of over one thousand Avounded men of other commands beside  our own, and with the  disadvantages of a small medical
corps.   This  report has been made after cautiously comparing observations and collecting  facts.   Most of the statistics are
from the first division hospital of this corps. My other two hospitals were removed, in a great measure, from my control several
days after the fight, and their reports are deficient in every respect.   I take great pleasure in speaking of Surgeons W. W. Blair,
58th Indiana Volunteers, M. G. Sherman, 9th  Indiana Volunteers, and M. C. WoodAVorth, 51st Ohio Volunteers, who Avere ther
acting diAdsion medical directors; and also of the truly surgical abilities of  Surgeon  Heise, 100th Illinois, Surgeon Todd, 65th
Ohio Volunteers, Surgeon Walton, 21st Kentucky Volunteers, and Surgeon Armstrong  of the  31st Indiana Volunteers.  All the
surgeons acquitted themselves in a highly creditable manner."      *       *      *
CCX.   Extracts from a Report of the Medical Staff of the First Division of the T/renty-frst
      Corps at the Battle of Stone's River.   By Surgeon ~W.  W. Blaik, 58th Indiana Volunteers;.

               "In regard to the supplies, I Avould say that they met our wants admirably.  I do not think it possible to
have had a better selection than Avas furnished to the left wing.   The organization of the hospital  department of this division
was  in  accordance  with the  order issued at Nashville by Medical Director Murray on November 15, liati2, excepting that
although the musicians, chaplains and ambulance drivers only Avere  detailed for bringing  the Avounded from the  field, men
would frequently, notwithstanding the positive  orders to the contrary, leave the ranks to  bring off a Avounded man—not so
much to get the wounded man off as to get away themselves.   In  one division there Avere nine hundred and eighteen Avoundel
and two bundled  and twenty-five killed.   We succeeded in collecting our wounded at our own hospitals promptly.   We  had, 
REPORTS  OF SURGEONS  BLAIR AND  SHERMAN.
263
in addition to our OAvn men, about three hundred of other diA-isions and of Confederates.  *  *  Three operating staffs Avere
constantly at Avork taking care of the  graver cases.  These staffs each consisted of one surgeon and three assistants.  *   *
All assistant surgeons that were left, hospital steAvards and experienced nurses, were employed in dressing the slighter Avounds.
I required the junior medical officers to exchange positions with each other from day to day.   I arrested all stragglers Avho
came about my camp, placed them under the control of a slightly wounded officer, and required them to do  police duty—supply
Avood, water, straAV, forage, etc.   By the use  of the flies of the  larger tents, I was  able  to make a large and  commodious
shelter, capable of sheltering at least three hundred  men.  *  *  My record of cases is made from the report of Surgeon A.
W. Heise, 100th Illinois Volunteers, whom I left in charge of the hospital after the first three weeks, and to Avhose efficiency
and skill as a surgeon it  gives me great pleasure to bear testimony.   We had of compound comminuted fracture of the femur
tAvelve cases,   *   *   three inA'olving the  trochanter major, all of Avhich terminated fatally; two from pyaemia, and the third
from tetanus.  One of the cases of fracture in  the lower third terminated fatally from pneumonia, bony  union having taken
place  perfectly in  twenty-eight days.  *  *  In these cases  the principal blood vessels had escaped injury.  The treatment
pursued Avas as follows:  All  fragments of bone completely separated by the  force of the projectile Avere carefully removed by
making an incision if necessary, but fragments retaining connection by the periosteum Avere  not removed, and in only two cases
were sequestra thrown off during the process of suppuration.  The  fractured bones being brought to their normal position,
were maintained there by the use of the  double-iuclined splint, which I had manufactured upon the ground, fulfilling, to  a
considerable degree, the indications both of extension and  counter-extension.  *  *  The shortening of the limbs thus treated
A\-as from one to two and  three-quarter inches.  During the process  of suppuration, a sustaining treatment Avas adopted to its
full extent.  Whiskey punch was given regularly, Avith the  most gratifying result.   Amputations of the superior extremity
Avere very satisfactory, for in ten cases none died.  *  *  The  amputations of the inferior extremities Avere as follows: Of upper
third of femur, six, all of whom died;  of  the lower third of the thigh, ten,  four of Avhom died; of the leg, tAventy-eight, six
proving fatal.  I have a  minute of fourteen  wounds of the chest by musket balls.  Of these, four Avere  non-penetrating, the
balls baA'ing passed around the chest underneath the integument, and emerged from the opposite side.   All of them recovered.
In five cases balls passed through the apex of the lung, and  all recovered.  In five cases  the  ball passed through the base
of the lung.  Of these, four died Avithin forty-eight hours; the other died in ten days from pyaemia.  A number of resections
Avere performed, and with the happiest  results.  In no case do I remember an unfavorable result.  *  *  This imperfect review
is in favor of conser\-ative surgery.  Our Avounded Avere treated  exclusively in tents, and under the shelter abovementioned;
and on comparing the results of our cases Avith those of the  patients treated in houses, I  consider the use of tents decidedly
preferable.  The difference is due chiefly to the greater purity of the air breathed.  *   *  In the late battle I committed tbe
keeping of the records to an assistant surgeon ; but the task  proved  entirely too great for  him, or else I did not get the right
man in the right place.   We Avere thrown into some confusion, too, by the rebels having possession of our hospital for a short
time during the forenoon of the first day's fighting.  *  *   I give a synopsis of the  killed and Avounded, showing the ratio
of men killed that were hit:  The 26th Ohio Volunteers had fourteen killed and ninety-six wounded, a ratio of  one-eighth; the
58th Indiana had fourteen killed and ninety-seven wounded, or one-eighth; the 3d Kentucky had fourteen killed and eighty-six
wounded, or one-seventh; the 100th Dlinois had  eight killed and twenty-two wounded, or one-fourth; the 15th Indiana had
forty-one killed and one hundred and thirty-five wounded, or one-fourth;  the 40th Indiana had six killed and fifty-one wounded,
or one-ninth;  the.57th Indiana bad eleven killed and fifty-six Avounded, or one-sixth ;  the 97th Ohio had  three killed and fourteen
wounded, or one-sixth; the 51st Indiana had  seven killed and thirty-four wounded, or one-sixth; the 73d Indiana had twenty-
five killed and forty-eight wounded, or  one-third;  the 64th Ohio had tAventy three killed and sixty-five  Avounded, or one-fourth ;
the 65th Ohio had thirty-four killed and one hundred and tvyenty-six wounded, or one-fifth ; the 13th Michigan had twenty-two
killed and sixty-seven wounded, or one-fourth ; and the artillery, three killed and tAventy-one Avounded,  or one-eighth; or a total
of two hundred and tAventy-five killed  and nine hundred and  eighteen Avounded."
 CCXI.   Report on the Casualties of the  Second Division of the left  Wing  of  the Army of
      the Cumberland  at the Battle of Murfreesboro'.   By Surgeon M. G. Shermax,  9th Indiana
      Volunteers, Acting Medical Director.
      "Sir: As  acting medical director of your division, I have the honor to respectfully submit the folloAving report of
'casualties in the several days' battle before Murfreesboro'.  In the first brigade there Avere  forty-three killed and one hundred
 and eighty-five wounded;  in the second brigade fifty were killed and two hundred and ninety-two wounded, and in the third
 brigade eighty-nine were killed and four hundred and eighty-four wounded; making a total loss in killed and-Avounded of
 eleven hundred and  forty-three men.  From  the  fact that our hospital was nearer the battle-field than any other, we were,
 during the fight, necessarily  crowded with the Avounded from other divisions, making our duties very responsible and laborious,
 and I cannot, in justice, submit this report without making honorable mention of all the medical officers of your division.   They
 have shown themselves equal to their responsible duties, and have been untiring in their efforts both day and night to alleviate
 the sufferings of the wounded who  have come under their notice, and more  especially would I make honorable mention of
 Surgeon James B. Armstrong,  31st  Indiana Volunteers, of the 1st brigade, and Surgeon Silas H. Kersey, 36th Indiana Volun-
 teers, of the 3d brigade, who were selected as operating  surgeons, and they have proved themselves abundantly competent for
 the task, and have not allowed themselves  one moment's  rest while the suffering needed  their attention.   Their devotion to
 their suffering fellow soldiers should win for them the esteem and unbounded confidence of  all who know them.
                                                        Very respectfully,
                                                                                       M. G. SHERMAN,
  General J  M P.LMER  U. S. V."                                   Surgeon 9th Indiana Volunteers, Medical Director. 
264                      APPENDED DOCUMENTS--WESTERN ARMIES,  1862.

CCXLI.   Extracts from  a  Report on  the  Surgery in the Fourteenth  Army Corps after the
      Battle of Murfreesboro'.   By  Surgeon C.  J. AValton, 21st Kentucky Volunteers.
      #  #  *  ''Amputation of the thigh Avas performed seven times, in no case above the middle third.  Three of the seven
patients died Avithin a week after the operations.  Each of these fatal cases Avas in bad condition for the operation, the lc and
knee of each being very much SAVollen, and presenting an erysipelatous blush.  In one, a conical musket ball Avas lodged in the
popliteal space; in another, theie  Avas a large  collection of fluid in the  knee joint; in the third, mortification was threatened.
*  *  Amputation of the leg in the upper third was performed in four cases, Avith two deaths.  One died on the third day after the
operation, not having recovered fully from the shock of the avouikI.  His foot Avas torn off by a shell, and  the tibia and fibula
laid bare for tAVO-thirds of their length.   The other died on the seventh day from tetanus.  Amputation of the arm Avas per-
formed in tAvo instances; one  in the loAver, and  the  other in the upper third.  In the fatal case, there Avas a very severe Avound
in the right cheek, jaAV, and neck.   There Avas one amputation of the fore-arm at the middle, Avhich Avas successful.   The stump
became erysipelatous about the fourth day, but this complic.ition disappeared under the use of a saturnine  lotion.  Excision of
the humerus was performed in seven cases.  Two terminated fatally.  The first Avas the case of a captured officer, Avounded by
a ball passing through both thighs and the scrotum; a ball had also passed through the neck wounding the oesophagus.  He would
probably have died from his Avounds had his arm not been injured.  The other was  a most unpromising  case,  that of a man
Avho had been wounded five days previously.   The Avound, a ghastly one, produced by a shell, involved the greater part of the
shoulder, lacerating the pectoralis major  muscle,  comminuting the head of the humerus and glenoid cavity  and acromion
process of the scapula, laying open the back part of the shoulder, and  producing a transverse fracture of the humerus at the
junction of the upper Avith the middle third. The upper part of the humerus Avas softened and loosely attached.  We remoA-ed
it and the fragments about the joint.  The parts were brought together with sutures and adhesive strips.  A bandage was then
applied,  making  a fair  looking wound.   He seemed comfortable for  three days, Avhen pyaemia set in.   He died  on the
seventh day from  the operation.  Although much reduced A\hen I first saw him, nature Avas making an  effort to repair the
injury, and had he been timely operated upon, he might have been saved.   In  our excisions we removed primary sequestra.  *  *
Sharp points of the bones Avere removed Avith the  saw or the bone forceps.  The parts Avere neatly brought together with sutures,
and the bandage coaptating the ends of the bones as nearly as practicable.  Resection of the metacarpal bones Avas performed in
several cases, but Avith AAdiat success I do not know.  *  * My assistants performed some of the operations.  I Avas assisted by my
friends, Surgeon T. G. Hickman, 8th  Tennessee  Cavalry, Surgeon W. B. Cary, Surgeon W. G. Workman and Surgeon J. M.
Henderson.  *  * To Surgeon Hickman I entrusted the chloroform, Avhich  he administered Avith skill and caution. Each  of
my assistants did  his duty in a becoming manner.  We administered chloroform in every painful operation, but did not keep
the patients under its influence longer than was absolutely necessary, withdraAving  it as soon as the cutting Avas completed.  It
was  administered in the examination of three AA'ounds only, all others being  examined Avithout it.   While I could not dispense
AArith chloroform, I must protest against the extravagant and indiscreet use of it.   *  *  In no case Avere Ave displeased Avith its
effects.  I must be pardoned for stating that  the  chaplain of the 21st  Kentucky Volunteers, T. M. Gunn, rendered the most
efficient service during our arduous labors, and that too much praise cannot be aAvarded to Thomas J. Scott, hospital steAvard of the
21st Kentucky Volunteers, for his  vigilance and activity in providing for the  comfort of the Avounded."      *      *
CCXIIL   Extract from a Report of Casualties  in  the Right  Wing of the Fourteenth Army
      Corps at 2Lurfreesboro.'   By  Surgeon C. McDermont, U. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "Throughout the protracted struggle the surgeons exerted their utmost energies in alleviating the suffering of
the Avounded.  When, on the second day of the battle, it became  evident that our hospitals Avould fall into possession of the
enemy, I directed a sufficient number of medical officers and attendants to remain in charge, and, under  no circumstances, to
desert the Avounded.  They Avere exposed to much danger as the contending armies  SAvept  past, but remained faithfully at their
posts, and Avere unceasing in their attention to the  Avounded during the  three  days  that  elapsed before the  hospitals Avere
recovered.  The enemy took a large portion of their medical and  hospital supplies, instruments, and dressings and bedding.
The families near our lines showed much kind attention to our wounded, and no violence was experienced at the hands of the
Confederate  soldiers.  I can bear testimony to the efficiency and self-denial of the medical officers of the  Fourteenth Corps.
During a Aveek of hardships and exposure they labored day and night regardless of their own safety and  comfort, and anxious
only for the well being of the Avounded under their care. The casualties in the right wing amounted to six hundred and eight
killed, and two thousand six hundred and forty-seven Avounded."       *       *      *
CCXIV.   Extracts from  a Medical Report  on  the Murfreesboro'' Campaign.   By Surgeon  S.
      O. Himoe, 15th  Wisconsin Volunteers.
               " This regiment left Louisville on October 1, 1862, and participated in the campaign in Kentucky during that
month, under the command of Genera] Buell, being  continually on the  march.   *  *   We suffered comparatively lituVfrom
disease, there being only a feAV cases of diarrhoea and intermittent  fever.  During November and December, the regiment Avas
most of the time in camp, in the vicinity of Nashville, Avith good shelter, food, and Avater.  A few cases of diarrheea, contracted
during the  campaign in  Kentucky, having become  chronic and resulting in serious organic lesions,  died, and the remainder
yielded readily to the use of laxatives  and anodynes.  The periodic fevers prevailing at the same time Avere readily cured by
the usual remedies.  On  December 30th, Ave met the enemy at Stone's River, about four miles from Murfreesboro'.   We had
heaA-y skirmishing during  the afternoon  of that day, and Ave  lost five men killed and nineteen wounded.  The latter were
conveyed to the house of Mr. Grisson, about three-fourths of a mile in the rear, and properly cared for."    *  .  *    * 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  H.  C.  BARRELL.
265
CCXY.    Extracts from a Report on  the  Medical Purveying at  the  Battle of  Mufreesboro\
     By  Assistant Surgeon II. C. Barreli., 27th Illinois Volunteers.

      *  *  *   "I will briefly narrate a cav of the occurrences that came under my personal observation during the battle of
Stone's River.  I Avill premise with a short  explanatory statement.  I was detached from my regiment, December 9, 1862, as
medical purveyor for General G. H. Thomas's corps, by order of Surgeon R. Murray, U. S. A., and had just returned from
Louisville, where I had procured a large supply of medical and  hospital stores.  These Avere to be used only in the event of
battle, or in  any pressing emergency, and Avere to accompany the army in its advance, thus insuring at all times a sufficient
amount of medical supplies to meet any demand.  The Avants of the army being so  great, and  transportation limited, it was
with extreme difficulty and only after protracted delay that I Avas able to obtain the necessary Avagons.  I left Nashville on
Tuesday night, December 30th, Avith eleven Avagon-loads of supplies.  General Mitchell sent  with the train the 10th  Michigan
Volunteers, and  on Wednesday afternoon, at tAvo o'clock, Ave arrived Avithin a feAV miles  of the scene of action.  There Avas
great contusion  consequent upon the repulse of our right Aving and the frequent attacks of the rebel cavalry in the rear, and I
found it impossible to proceed further with the train.  The road Avas completely blocked by wagons returning to Nashville, and
among them  a great many ambulances, Avhich the drivers, either through misapprehension of orders or through cowardice, had
turned in  that  direction, thus depriving the Avounded of their much needed services.   A great many  of these Avagons Avere
burned, and  in many of them all of the throe-months' medical supply of a regiment.  Nearly all of the  stores of the medical
purveyor of the right Aving had fallen into the hands  of the enemy, and my arrival Avas most opportune.  *   *  At Lavergne,
a small toAvn half way betAveen Nashville and Murfreesboro', many of the subsistence trains Avere destroyed, and the army Avas
suffering severely in consequence.  The  scarcity of food Avas  so great that during the battle,  in some of the regiments, the men
ate the flesh of mules slain in action.  *   *  Thursday morning I commenced issuing medicines and stores ;  but, as  the hospital
at wliich I AA'as stationed was not considered  perfectly safe from the enemy's attacks, it Avas deemed prudent not to remove any
thing from the Avagons,  and  in fact it Avas necessary twice during the day to retire further Avithin the lines.  *  *  In the
evening the  supplies Avere unloaded, and from that time till a feAV days after our  occupation  of Murfreesboro' I was constantly
busied in issuing supplies.  The amount of nourishment for the Avounded Avas limited.  *   *   The concentrated beef  was used
very largely, and Avas much sought after.  The supply of milk Avas chiefly that knoAvn as solidified or granulated,  as prepared
in Dutchess County, New York, and was not much liked.   The concentrated milk prepared by Borden Avas much preferred by
medical officers.  On  arriving in Murfreesboro' AA'e found the public and many of the private houses occupied by  the enemy's
Avounded, Avhich, in their hasty retreat,  they Avere compelled to leave.  They were almost destitute of medicines,  and to keep
them supplied I dreAV very largely upon our stores.  There was a great scarcity of stimulants  among them, and it Avas necessary
to issue a great amount from our depot.  The toAvn being so croAvded, it was found necessary  to transport  a great  number of the
wounded to Nashville, where, in the commodious hospitals of that city, they could receive  the necessary attention   From the
croAvded condition of the hospitals and the impossibility of completely isolating such cases,  erysipelas and  hospital  gangrene
soon occurred, and there Avas considerable mortality from these causes.  I do not think the bromine treatment Avas adopted until
the arrival of Surgeon B. Woodward, 22d Illinois Volunteers, from Louisville.   He had used it largely and Avith unprecedented
success.  Very few cases of tetanus  occurred notwithstanding the great number of the wounded and  their exposure to  the
inclemency of the weather.   I was informed by Surgeon J.  F. Finley, 2d  Kentucky Cavalry, who had charge of one of  the
largest of the field hospitals, that, contrary to the usual opinion, more tetanus  occurred in the house than in the  tented portion
of the  hospital.  In  my position as purATeyor, requiring my presence Avith  my stores, constantly issuing supplies, I bad,
necessarily, limited opportunities for professional observation, both as regards operations in  the  field and subsequent hospital
treatment."      *      *      *
 CCXVI.   Report on the  Operations of the Medical Department at the Battle of Chickamauga.
      By Surgeon G. Pekix, U. S. Army, Medical Director.
                      Headquarters  Department of the Cumberland, Medical Director's Office,
                                                                     Chattanooga, Tennessee, February 25, 1864.
      " Sir :  I have the honor to transmit hereAvith a nominal list of the Avounded at the battle of Chickamauga, together Avith
 reports from the medical directors of the corps and divisions, giving brief accounts of such points as relate to the operations
 of the medical department.  In this place  I  Avould beg leave to revieAV briefly the medical history of the movement which led
 to the great battle of Chickamauga, as Avell as to add some further details of Avhat occurred during and subsequent to that event.
 Soon after joining this army in February,  1863, my attention was directed first to the diet of the men, the  method-of  cooking,
 etc., Avhich  resulted in the publication of Department General Order  No.  76.   The medical officers  generally  took a great
 interest in this matter, and I may safely say the health of the command Avas much improved in consequence.   While this subject
 Avas receiving the attention it deserved, a large tent hospital Avas established near the railroad, on the bank of Stone's River,
 of capacity sufficient to accommodate fifteen hundred patients.  This hospital Avas provided, as far as practicable, with movable
 furniture, such as light cots of the Chicago pattern, bed-sacks, camp kettles, etc.  As soon as the  tents were erected, patients
 Avere sent to that point instead of to the hospitals  in the town of Murfreesboro'.  A large garden Avas planted near  the field
 hospital, which soon  afforded an  abundant supply of vegetables.  Ambulance trains Avere  organized  in accordance  Avith the
provisions of Department General Order  No. 41,  and subsequently modified by paragraph one,  Department General Order
No. 26, series 1863.  I will remark, in this connection, that the ambulance trains were generally well served in this organization;
but there were grave defects, among which I may mention that the ambulance master was not a commissioned officer, and could
not exercise the authority necessary to secure efficiency; next, there Avere no men detailed to assist in placing the Avounded in
or taking them out of the ambulances.   The ambulances Avere receipted for  and held under the control of the quartermasters
        3d 
26<i
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—WESTERN  ARMIES,  1863.
department.  The regimental ambulances Avere found to be almost useless for general service in transporting Avounded, because
they were used as carriages and for transporting personal baggage and other freights, so that, when required for legitimate pJ
they Avere either out of order or the animals were  broken doAvn.   So seriously Avere these defects experienced, that I  re o
mended for adoption the plan of an ambulance corps and train  arranged upon the same basis as that in use in  the army of the
Potomac.   See Department General Order No 2, current series.   In  the month of May and early in  June the  regiments drew
supplies  for  three  months.  Reserve supplies were  also provided  for each  army corps, consisting mostly of those articles
required for the treatment of Avounded men and a reserve supply of hospital tents.  Each regiment  was allowed a hospital tent
During the month of May, the sick Avere sent to Nashville as fast as a due regard to their Avelfare would permit, so that  by  the
time the army was ready to make the advance, there Avas enough room in the various hospitals at Murfreesboro'  to accommodate
all  that could not march.  The buildings used as hospitals in the town were vacated first that they might be thoroughly aired
and purified  by Avhitewashing.  These buildings Avere not reoccupied until the Avounded brought from the battle-fields of the
Gaps were placed in  them.  The medical  officers, after the  experience of Shiloh, Perryville, and  Stone's  River, were alive to
the necessity of thorough organization, and cheerfully acquiesced in the adoption of the  plan  proposed  in Circular No.  4 from
the Surgeon  General's Office.   The command,  prior to setting out on the campaign, Avas in fair health, the sickness  being but
five per centum.   This rate remained  about  the same until  the men Avere  able to procure blackberries, which  Avere very
abundant, and  green  corn, when it diminished to about four  per cent., and continued  at that rate until after the battle of
Chickamauga.   When the army marched from Murfreesboro'  on June 24th, everything that related to  preparations  in the
medical department for a vigorous campaign Avas in readiness and  as complete in appointment as could be  desired.  Skirmishing
with the enemy was quite brisk at Hoover's and Liberty Gaps, June 25th and 26th.  As the result of these  encounters, together
Avith the subsequent pursuit of the enemy as far as the foot of the Cumberland chain of mountains, about four hundred wounded
had to be provided for; these Avere  mostly sent to  Murfreesboro'.   At Tullahoma a number of tents  abandoned by the enemy
were erected  for men broken doAvn on the march, and a building constructed for a hotel, of capacity sufficient for one  hundred
beds, was opened as a hospital.  Four hospital tents were erected in the hospital yard  for wounded men.  A few days after
the occupancy of Tullahoma the railroad Avas repaired, and such of the sick and wounded as could bear removal were"sent to
the rear.   As the Twenty-first Corps occupied the line of the railway to McMinnville, I directed Surgeon A. J. Phelps U. S. V
medical director, to open temporary hospitals at Manchester and at  McMinnville, making use of his reserve supplies for this
purpose.   The  Fourteenth Corps established itself at Decherd, at the  same time occupying the toAvn of Winchester.   A feAV
                                                                  hospital tents Avere erected at Winchester, and a church
                                                                  and school-house were occupied as temporary hospitals.
                                                                  A division of the Twentieth  Corps was pushed forAvard
                                                                  on the line of the railroad, the advance  occupying Ste-
                                                                  venson,  about  July 25th.   In order to insure ample
                                                                  hospital  accommodations, as well  as to be prepared for
                                                                  a general advance, I directed that half of the field hos-
                                                                  pital  at  Murfreesboro' be brought  to Cowan,  a  small
                                                                  town  at the  foot of the Cumberland Mountains.  This
                                                                  was accomplished, and  the hospital made ready for the
                                                                  reception of patients several days before the army crossed
                                                                  the mountain.  As soon as the  army took up its march
                                                                  for the  valley of the Tennessee River,  I directed the
                                                                  remainder of the Murfreesboro' field hospital to be trans-
                                                                  ferred to Stevenson, Alabama;  and upon the occupancy
                                                                  of Bridgeport, Alabama, I directed that a small tent
                                                                  hospital be established at that point also.   During these
                                                                  movements the hospital train was running regularly to
                                                                  Nashville, where all proper cases  for hospital treatment
                                                                  that could bear removal were sent.  The tent hospitals
                                                                  Avere thus kept comparatively empty until the order Avas
                                                                  given to march.  The supplies for these  hospitals Avere
                                                                  brought from Nashville and Murfreesboro', leaving the
                                                                  reserve supplies for the corps almost untouched.   Noth-
                                                                  ing of special interest transpired while the army lay on
                                                                  the north side  of  the river.   A slight increase of the
                                                                  malarial diseases Avas observed, but not enough to  excite
                                                                  apprehension.  By the 25th of August every preparation
                                                                  had been made for  an advance upon  Chattanooga.  The
                                                                  field hospitals at  Stevenson and Bridgeport  were  in
                                                                  readiness for the reception  of patients,  though not as
                                                                  complete in appointments as Avas desirable.  During the
                                                                  first days of September the army crossed the river, and
                                                                  passed over Sand Mountain into Lookout Valley.   This
                                                                  movement was attended with but feAV casualties.  After
                                                                  the passage of the Tennessee River, a collision Avith the
                                                                  enemy was to be looked for any day, and I made every
                                                                 country.   As a great  struggle was anticipated, food for
         Fig. 10. Topography of the Region about Chattanooga.

fort to familiarize myself with  the topography and resources of t_ 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  PERIN.
267
 the Avounded and an easy Avay to  the  rear Avere the  main points to be kept in view.  During  the feAV days the army lay in
 Lookout Valley, there Avas comparatively no sickness.   It was-not considered  necessary to make  any depot.  The few cases
 of sickness that occurred Avere  sent to Stevenson, Alabama, by the  returning supply train.  When the heads of our columns
 penetrated the  gaps in  Lookout Mountain, the  enemy  hastily evacuated Chattanooga,  and, on  September 9th,  the  Twenty-
 first Corps occupied it.  As  soon as  I learned this fact, I made immediate  disposition to have  supplies forwarded, and such
 buildings as  Avere suitable for hospitals prepared for  the  reception of patients.  Surgeon I. Moses,  U.  S. V., Avas relieved
 from duty at Murfreesboro' to  superintend this Avork.   By reference to his accompanying report a more detailed account
 of the preparations  made will be found.  By the 13th  the army had crossed  Lookout Mountain, and the advance had felt
 the enemy in several skirmishes.  As the presence of the  enemy in force was well  established,  dispositions to concentrate
 our army Avere made.  It Avas soon discovered that the  main body of the enemy Avas  moving doAvn the valley of the Chicka-
 mauga toAvard  Rossville.   The ridge  that divides the  valley of Chickamauga from  that  of Chattanooga Avas  traversed in
 several  places by Avagon roads.  It Avas by these roads that our Avounded must be conveyed to the rear.  The Avagon road
 down the Chickamauga  Valley Avas near the base of this ridge,  on the south side, Avhere there were  but few springs.  As every
 indication pointed to a conflict on the north side of the creek, our Avounded  Avere to be provided  for at these springs,  or taken
 over Mission Ridge into Chattanooga Valley.   After consultation with the general commanding, I selected Crawfish Spring
 as the main depot for the Avounded.  Division hospitals for the Twentieth and Twenty first  Corps,  together with two divisions
 of the  Fourteenth Corps, Avere  accordingly established at that point.  On the 19th, as the battle progressed, the army moved
 doAvn the valley of the Chickamauga, so that  Avhen night closed it Avas about four miles distant from the hospitals, and the only
 road to the latter Avas the one spoken of at the south base of Mission Ridge.  This movement made the removal of the Avounded
 a task of considerable magnitude, as our  loss in  Avounded on Saturday afternoon was  very severe, being, as nearly as I could
 estimate, about four thousand five hundred.   The ambulance trains were worked very  steadily until midnight, Avheu almost all
 of the  AA-ounded accessible had been removed  and placed in the hospitals, or  in groups around, adjacent. Every effort Avas
 made to  place the men under shelter, but particularly to provide them with covering, as the night Avas  cold. When this could not
 be done, the men Avere arranged in toavs near each other, and lines of camp-fires were built at their feet.  The medical officers
 continued their attentions to the relief  of the immediate wants  of the Avounded,  and to the performance of such operations as
 admitted of no  delay, until exhaustion and the lateness of the  hour warned them  that a little rest was necessary to prepare
 them for the next day's work.   On the  morning of the 20th, the movement of the army to the left continued.  Our hospitals to
 the right becoming more distant, and communication Avith them precarious, it was  deemed best to establish small depots
 immediately in rear  of the left Aving as  soon as the right gave Avay.   Communication Avith Crawfish Spring, the main hospital
 depot, was cut off; the position, too, Avas becoming quite unsafe, Avhen  Surgeon Phelps, medical director of the  Twenty-first
 Corps, and Surgeons Waterman and Griffiths,  surgeons-in-chief of the 1st and 3d divisions of the Twentieth Corps, appreciating
 the danger, availed  themselves of the empty supply trains parked at that point, to send the wounded across Mission Ridge and>
 by the Chattanooga Valley road, to Chattanooga.
      In this place, I take pleasure in acknowledging the valuable assistance of Lieutenant Colonel Boyd, chief quartermaster
 TAventieth Corps, and of Captain Leach, commissary of subsistence.   Although these officers labored faithfully to remove all the
 wounded from Crawfish Spring, it was found impracticable.  Medical officers Avere, therefore, detailed to remain, and provisions
 Avere distributed in such manner as to insure them for the benefit of the patients during the confusion that must result immediately
 after a battle.  The  Avounded at the hospitals on the left were detained only long  enough to perform such operations as  admitted
 of no delay, and Avere then sent to the rear by the Rossville road.  About one thousand five hundred of the graver cases were
 left on this part of the field.  From the best information I can procure, I should estimate the total  number of Avounded left upon
 the field to be about two thousand five hundred.   Great care Avas taken by surgeons-in-chief of divisions to detail  medical officers
 with the necessary dressings,  medicines, etc., to remain,  and provisions Avere usually divided out among the men to prevent any
 possible  suffering from  hunger.  In the  retreat, every vehicle, baggage wagon, and supply train, as Avell as the ambulances,
 were filled Avith wounded.  Great numbers who Avere able to walk found their Avay on foot to the north side of the Tennessee
 EiA-er, and continued their journey toAvard Bridgeport.   The graver cases Avere removed from the ambulances and Avagons and
 placed in hospitals at Chattanooga, Avhile the others Avere taken  to Bridgeport and Stevenson.  A tent hospital sufficiently large
 for one thousand five hundred patients, was established on the 21st and 22d, at Stringer's Spring,  on the north side of the river
 and about two miles distant.   Ambulances were sent out on the Bridgeport road, to take up and  bring back the Avounded Avho
 had undertaken the journey to Bridgeport on foot, and had fallen by the Avayside.  By  the evening of the 23d, the Avounded not
 sent to the rear Avere provided for and received professional attention.  It has been a cause of great regret that, in the confusion
 of the retreat, primary operations could not be performed to the extent  desired; thus  many cases of injuries of the knee and
 ankle joints subsequently proved fatal that might have been saved by timely amputation.  As soon as the  army had taken up
 its position in front of Chattanooga, and order was restored, the commanding general sent a flag of truce with  propositions for the
 recovery of our wounded left upon the field.   One thousand seven hundred and forty Were thus restored to our care.  They Avere,
 of course, the graver  cases, and, as timely preparations had  been made for their reception, they Avere  soon as comfortable as
 circumstances would admit.  It may be mentioned here that, upon the occupancy of the town, over two hundred bales of cotton
 were found secreted in various places,  which were seized, carefully guarded, and reserved for mattresses.  Had it not been for
 this fortunate  circumstance the sufferings of our Avounded  men  would have  been much  greater, as it Avas impossible to
 procure straAV, and the supply of blankets was limited.  About one hundred and fifty upholsterers, tailors,  and saddlers Avere
 detailed to make mattresses, so that by the tenth  day every severely Avounded man Avas provided Avith a comfortable bed.  The
 ambulance trains Avere busily employed transporting such cases as could bear transportation to Bridgeport until tbe autumnal
rains rendered the roads impassable.   The policy of sending patients to the rear, when they could  only be transported over a
rough, circuitous and mountainous road,  necessarily subjecting them to more or  less pain, Avas dictated  by  necessity, for if the
army maintained its position it was evident that the Avounded must suff'er from want of proper diet; Avhile, on the other hand,
if the toAvn was abandoned they must  fall into  the hands of the enemy.  This vieAV Avas, unfortunately, too well verified by 
 2()S                       APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--WESTERN  ARMIES,  1863.

 subsequent events;  for. as the roads  became more  and more difficult by reason of the  rains, only those subsistence stores that
 were absolutely essential could be brought, and even tiVs;> were soon reduced in quantity far below the standard ration.  The
 country on the north side of the river Avas gleaned of everything in the Avay of vegetables.  Every effort Avas made to secure
 to the Avounded enough food from the regular ration, including soft bread; but in the absence of vegetables and other delicacies
 they exhibited but  too  plainly the sad evidences of deficient nutrition superadded to the deficiency of proper food.   A want ot
 fuel Avas also felt during the latter part of October and all of November.  It Avas very discouraging, to the medical attendants to
 witness the gradual but certain decline of patients Avho should have recovered, while  they felt themselves powerless to applv
 the proper remedy.   Partial relief from this  condition of  affairs Avas afforded, after the battle of Wauhatchie, which opened a
 new and shorter route to the base of supply.   A few days after this battle, the  small steamer Paint Rock passed the enemy's
 batteries successfully, and Ave Avere enabled to resume the  transfer of patients to the rear.  At Kelly's Ferry, a point ten miles
 distant, Avhere the boats discharged their freights, a feAV hospital tents were  erected and other preparations made for the care of
 the Avounded in transit.   Patients Avere sent in ambulances from the hospitals in  toAvn, as Avell as Stringer's Spring, to this point
 as rapidly as circumstances Avould admit, the roads being bad, and  the Aveather very rainy and cold.  The patients were also
 exposed Avhile going from  Kelly's  Ferry to Bridgeport, for  the boats Avere  small, Avith  open  decks,  having been hastily
 constructed for carrying freight only.  Yet painful as it Avas, it  appeared necessary to send men exposed in this manner, in order
 to make room for the care of others.   It Avas  evident that a struggle for the possession of Lookout Mountain, and the recovery
 of our line of railroad communication with the rear was at hand.  With our limited means for the care of many wounded the
 approaching conflict Avas vieAved with much anxiety, and every preparation must be made that circumstances avouM admit.   By
 November 24th, the number in the various hospitals Avas reduced to about four hundred and fifty.  When it is remembered that
 the battle of Chickamauga Avas fought at a long distance from  the base of supply, in a region already gleaned of resources and
difficult of access, that it Avas lost, and that the army was subsequently cooped up Avith but-one outlet by a circuitous and difficult
 route of fifty miles in length, it may be safely asserted that the obstacles to  be overcome in the successful care and treatment ot
 wounded were more formidable in this than any other of the great battles of the war.   An indulgent criticism may, therefore,
 be fairly claimed Avhen  reviewing the results of treatment.  The Avounds received Avere inflicted  by a variety of missiles, but
 those from the rifle-musket  ball Avere, perhaps, more numerous, in proportion, than usual for so great a battle. The ground on
 Avhich the battle Avas fought being undulating and thickly timbered, was therefore unfavorable  for the use of artillery.  I can
 bear testimony  to the zeal and efficiency of the medical staff during this trying battle.   While it is a difficult task to take care
 of the  Avounded of  a A'ictorious army, it  is doubly so of one obliged to retreat.  To  Surgeons F. H. Gross, U. S. V., medical
 director of the Fourteenth Corps, A. J. Phelps, U. S. V., medical director of the Twenty-first Corps, and J.  Perkins, 10th
 Kentucky Volunteers, medical director of the TAventieth Corps, great credit is due for their efficiency and untiring devotion to
 their duties during the Avhole campaign.   I Avould respectfully  invite attention to their reports hereAvith transmitted, as Avell as
 to the reports from the surgeons of the various divisions.   I will here mention that the Avounded sent to the rear were provided
 for in a proper  manner under  the  direction of Surgeon A. H. Thurston, U. S. V., assistant  medical  director at Nashville.  I
 haAre to acknoAvledge my indebtedness to Assistant Surgeon Dallas Bache, U. S. A., assistant medical director, for most valuable
 assistance upon the field and in  the  duties of this  office.   Surgeon B. H. Seys, 15th Ohio Volunteers, medical inspector, Avas
 attentive and faithful in his duties.  The purveying department has been conducted in a most able and satisfactory manuer by
 Surgeon Robert Fletcher, 1st  Ohio Volunteers, now surgeon U. S. V.  This report has been unavoidably delayed because the
 Avounded Avere sent to the rear in such a rapid and irregular  manner as to preclude the possibility of taking lists until the men
 arrived at the hospitals on the route.   The reports taken in hospitals have  been diligently compared with regimental returns,
 and  the enclosed list is believed to be nearly if not quite correct.  No little embarrassment has been experienced from the
 destruction of all the records of this office by the Confederate General T. Wheeler, during his attack on our train in the Sequatchie
 Valley in the early part of October.
                                      Very respectfully, your obedient servant,                   G. PERIN,
                                                                                   Surgeon U. S. A., Medical Director.
  To the Surgeon General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C."
OCX VII.   Report  on  the  Operations of the Medical  Staff of the Fourteenth Army  Corps at
      the Battle of Chickamauga.   By Surgeon F. II.  Gross, U. S. Volunteers.
      "Gkneral: I have the honor to submit the following report, as regards the medical and hospital supplies, the means of
transportation of the sick and wounded, and the general transactions of the medical department of the Fourteenth Corps since its
passage of the Tennessee  River  up to the time of reaching Chattanooga.  The regiments and  batteries Avere  all  abundantly
supplied Avith medicines and surgical instruments. The latter having, previous to our march, been  thoroughly inspected  and
repaired by an expert.  Aside from the usual regimental supplies which are transported in the hospital wagons and accompany
the regiments, Ave Avere provided  Avith a reserve supply consisting of hospital tents, blankets, sheets, hair pillows, shirts, draAvers,
bed sacks, surgical instruments,  bandages, lint, mess chests, including cooking utensils, concentrated milk  and beef, liquor,
chloroform, and such other medicines, surgical  apparatus and hospital stores as experience has  taught to be most  needed  and
useful in emergencies in the field.  These supplies were in possession of the medical purveyor of the corps subject to my order;
they were transported in a train of fifteen army wagons.  Since our advance from Murfreesboro' in June last, these supplies had
been drawn upon, but Avere still deemed  ample in quantity.  The four divisions of the corps were each provided Avith a train of
thirty light two-horse ambulances, all in good condition, under the general control of the corps and division medical directors.  In
addition to these, each regiment and battery had one ambulance permanently attached to it, which Avas usually driven in the rear
of such commands.  This  arrangement of our ambulances has operated more satisfactorily than any other that has yet been tried
in this army.  Before the  command entered upon the march, it was directed that all men Avho Avere sick, and AA'ho, in the judg-         ^,
ment of the medical officers, Avould not be able to endure the fatigues of the campaign, should be sent to the general field hospital at 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON  F.  H.  GROSS,  IT.  S. V.
2()9
 Stevenson.   The first dhrision crossed the i iver at Bridgeport on September 4th, and on the 7th reached the valley betAveen Raccoon
 and Lookout Mountains, Avhere it remained in camp for two days.  The  march was continued  on the 10th, crossing Lookout
 Mountain and encamping in MeLamore's Cove.  On the  11th, it Avas ordered to close upon the 2d division, which had crossed the
 river at Caperton's Ferry on or about the 1st of September, and had continued its march in advance of the 1st division Avithout
 interruption, until it reached a point near Dug Gap in Pigeon Ridge, where the enemy Avas encountered.   About seven o'clock A. m.
 on the 11th, the 1st division elosed up on the 2d, and shortly before noon skirmishing began.   Surgeons S. Marks, and R. G. Bo^im
 the respective surgcons-in-chief of the 1st and 2d divisions, established the hospital at Mrs. Davis's house in the rear of the line of
 battle.   Eight or ten Avounded had been brought in, Avhen it was noticed  that our forces began to retire.  The wounded were
 promptly removed by ambulances, first to Bailey's Cross Roads, and finally to Stevens's house at the foot of Lookout Mountain,
 near .Stevens's Gap; no Avounded Avere left upon the field.   The casualties of the affair Avere as follows: 1st division, two killed and
 five Avounded; 2d division, nine killed and twenty-tAVO Avounded; total,  eleven killed and tAventy-seven  wounded.  The wounded
 Avere Avell cared for at this temporary hospital, and on the 16th, after consulting the general commanding the corps, I directed the
 AA-ounded, and those of the sick avIio Avere hospital cases, to be  sent to Chattanooga by the Chattanooga Valley road.   A medical
 officer and a number of nurses Avere detailed to accompany this train.  I regret to say that up to this  time tAvo of the wounded
 had died, three Avere so seriously injured as not to be transportable, and by the direction of  the medical director of the 2d division,
 a medical officer Avas detailed to remain and take care of them.  The 3d division  moved  from the mouth of Battle Creek and
 effected the passage of the Tennessee River by the evening  of September  3d,  with the loss of three  men by droAvning.  This
 command also crossed Raccoon and Lookout Mountains, reaching  the southeast side of the latter on the forenoon of the 13th
 without any casualty.  The 4th division having  crossed the river at Shellmound, marched over the above mentioned mountains
 and arrived at MeLamore's Cove about  the same time Avith the division last referred to.  I  regret to say that the sur^eon-in-chief
 Surgeon 0. Q. Herrick, 34th Illinois Volunteers, and the brigade surgeons of the  command, avIio Avere  subsequently captured at
 the battle of Chickamauga, still remain  in the hands of the enemy, preventing me in a great measure from furnishing an account
 of those incidents of the march that might be  of interest to our branch of the service.  Without having been furnished Avith the
 particulars, I respectfully refer to an encounter AA'ith the enemy which took  place on September 11th and 12th, in Avhich the 17th
 and 72d Indiana and 92d Illinois Volunteers Avere  engaged, and sustained the loss of eight killed and  nineteen wounded.  Our
 forces Avere heavily pressed by the rebels, and as soon as the wounded  were  removed they were  sent to Chattanooga for treat-
 ment.  The manner in which both officers and men accomplished the laborious and fatiguing marches over the rough mountains,
 with a frequent scarcity of water, and  through the dusty valley  roads of this sandy region, where the atmosphere  about the
 moving columns was at times almost suffocating, has demonstrated in a marvellous degree,  the powers of endurance of our troops.
 On September 17th, the command commenced moving toward  the left and  continued marching in that  direction, Avhen, early on
 the morning of the 19th, it Avas discovered that the enemy confronted us. Our troops Avere rapidly placed in line of battle on the
 grounds now known as the Chickamauga battle-field; the second division, however, had been left at a point near Crawfish Spring,
 about four and one-half miles  distant to the right.  On the morning of the  19th, one brigade of this  division became engaged
 with the enemy at that point.   The wounded of this affair Avere  conveyed to hospitals which were about being established in that
 vicinity.  Upon information recei\-ed from Assistant Surgeon D. Bache, U. S. A., assistant medical director  department of the
 Cumberland, that  CraAA'fish Spring was intended for the principal depot for  the reception of the  Avounded, tbe directors of the
 2d and 4th divisions of this corps at once  commenced  establishing their  division hospitals at that place, making use of the
 regimental hospital supplies for that purpose.  Along the line of battle  previously referred to, the engagement had commenced,
 and the AA'ounded were being rapidly removed from the field and conveyed to the hospitals.  When it Avas discovered at CraAvfish
 Spring that the fighting bore toward the left, an attempt Avas made to move the 4th  division hospital nearer to the line of battle.
 The troops on the right, hoAvever, began to fall back, planting a battery in  the vicinity of the neAV site for this  hospital, and
 consequently compelling the surgeons to remove  again to CraAvfish Spring.   The hospital of the  1st division Avas established on
 the morning of the 19th at Dyer's house, which at that time was located in the rear of the right of this corps.  A fine spring, a
 number of out-buildings, and plenty of straAV near by,  rendered this a  desirable locality for hospital purposes.  Shortly before
 noon it Avas found necessary, on account of the large number of wounded at this place,  to pitch the hospital tents.   Everything
 went on quite Avell until about five  o'clock P. m., when our troops began to fall back in that direction, and soon  the enemy's grape
 and canister Avere  being throAvn in and  around the hospital, making the locality entirely unsafe  for the wounded.  Orders Avere
 received from  the medical director of the department to  remove the Avounded to CraAvfish Spring.  Our forces having repulsed
 the enemy from Dyer's house  the  surgeons were  enabled to return to their duty.  On the morning of the  20th, about forty
 Avounded were still at this place, which it soon became necessary to abandon.   Surgeon J. R. Reeve, 78th Ohio Volunteers, Avho
 had been placed in charge of this  hospital, succeeded, with the medical officers  under him, in removing all  the wounded and
 property except the hospital tent of the 79th  Pennsylvania Volunteers.  By  ten o'clock they were  on the Avay to Chattanooga.
 The 3d division became engaged Avith the enemy early on the 19th.   The hospital Avas located in the grounds at Cloud's house,  in
 the rear and betAveen one and tAvo  miles to the left of the point where the fighting first  commenced, and on the direct road  to
 Rossville.  The Avounded  from various  divisions, including  a large  number  of those of the enemy, Avere accumulating at this
 hospital, and  before night the  number  reached near one thousand.   Straw Avas brought for bedding,  and  hot coffee and soup
 served, and fires built as near as practicable to the Avounded for their protection from the cold of the night air.  I remained here
 until the next  morning, and  continued operating, Avith  the medical officers present, on such cases as imperatively demanded it,
 until the loAvness of the temperature caused us to discontinue for the night.   During the next morning, I returned to headquarters
 on the field, and  Avhile there  this hospital became cut off by the  enemy.  I was unable  either  to  reach it myself or to get a
 messenger through. Surgeon M. C. Tollman, 2d Minnesota Volunteers, surgeon-in-chief of the 3d division, reports, that Avhile on that
forenoon the medical officers Avere engaged with the Avounded, a furious  cannonade  opened upon them, slightly injuring several
men and killing a AA'ounded officer.  Those Avho Avere able to walk Avere started on foot, and all available ambulances and Avagons
Avere loaded with Avounded and started for Rossville, distant about four miles to the left and toAvard Chattanooga.  About sixty
non-transportable cases Avere left, and in all probability more  of  our Avounded would  subsequently reach this point. Three 
270                        APPENDED  DCCUMENTS--WESTERN  ARMIES,  1863.

medical officers were detailed to remain.  The regimental hospital tents, and tents of the medical officers of this division  together
Avith a portion of the regimental supplies, fell into the hands of the enemy.  During the forenoon of the 20th, 1 endeavored in
company with the  medical director of General  Cook's corps, to reach the hospitals at  CraAA'fish Spring; Ave Avere soon met
hoAvever, by the enemy's  skirmishers and compelled  to return.   About noon Ave noticed numerous Avagons and  ambulances
moving on the roads to the  rear; subsequently large numbers  of troops from the right and centre were also moving in that
direction.   The ambulances were mostly loaded Avith  wounded.  We  directed them  to  move to Chattanooga via Rossville.  I
had directed the medical  purveyor of the corps, Surgeon H.  C. Barrell, 38th Illinois Volunteers, on the evening of the 19th
to bring up the reserve supplies on the road leading from Rossville to the 3d division  hospital at Cloud's house, believing this to
be the most suitable  locality, from the knowledge I possessed of the country,  at which to collect the  larger number of Avounded
on account of the  direct communication  by good roads with Chattanooga. On the  morning of the 20th, I sent a  message to
Surgeon Barrell, informing him that the 3d division hospital  had fallen into the hands of the enemy, and directing  him to take
the Dry Valley road, which it appears he had already done.  Being met by retreating troops and Avagons,  it Avas deemed prudent
to halt this train of supplies, which was thus  saved  and subsequently taken to  Chattanooga, where by order  of the  medical
director of the  departmeut they were  issued to the hospitals at this place and served a good purpose.  During the latter part of
the afternoon, the wounded from the left, where the battle was still raging, crowded the road leading from McDaniel's house
to the Dry Valley road. Many Avere conveyed in ambulances, and hundreds of the slightly injured avIio were able to walk or be
led by their comrades, moved along on foot.  After nightfall the command retired upon Rossville.  The wounded continued  to move
to the  rear nearly  all night.  On Monday morning the  21st, ambulances were driven as far front as it Avas safe for  them to go,
and gathered up such wounded as had not been removed in that vicinity during the night.   A large number, still at Rossville
that morning, was  also sent to the rear.  A new line of battle was formed at the latter place.  We suffered but little here, and
the A'ery small number of  injured were all brought aAvay.  Aside from the hospital arrangements Avhich had been made by the
medical director of the department previous to our reaching  Chattanooga before daybreak on Tuesday morning, a general field
hospital Avas about being established on the opposite side  of the river.   I Avas permitted, at my request, by the department medical
director, to appropriate a portion of this for a corps field hospital.  It remained under my  general superintendence, Avith Surgeon
S. Marks, 10th Wisconsin Volunteers, in charge, until the 10th instant,  AA'hen all  hospitals of this character Avere consolidated
into one general field hospital.  It is the opinion generally of our surgeons that  the Avounded are doing remarkably Avell.   I regret
to say that nineteen of our medical officers, Avho remained at the captured  hospitals, are still in the hands of the enemy, notwith-
standing that our wounded have been paroled and brought Avithin our lines.  The folloAving is  a list of the names of these  officers:
Surgeons O. Q. Herrick, 34th Illinois Volunteers, C. N. FoAvler,  105th Ohio Volunteers, J. L.  Wooden, 68th Indiana Volunteers,
J. R.  Brelsford, 74th Ohio Volunteers, L. I. Dixon, 1st  Wisconsin Volunteers, C.  S.  Arthur, 75th Indiana Volunteers, Joseph
Fithian, 18th  Kentucky Volunteers,  J. McCurdy, 11th  Ohio Volunteers,  and J.  R. Reeves, 78th Ohio Volunteers.  Assistant
Surgeons W. B. Graham,  101st Indiana Volunteers, A. H. Shaffer, 75th Ohio Volunteers, N. H. Sichvell,  11th Ohio Volunteers,
W. P. Hornbrook, 42d Indiana Volunteers, C. O. Wright, 35th Ohio Volunteers, J. C. Elliott, 18th Kentucky Volunteers, E. F.
Purdum, 89th Ohio Volunteers, F. Corfe, 1st Wisconsin Volunteers, D. D. Benedict, 17th Ohio Volunteers, and A. H.  Landis,
35th Ohio Volunteers.  I have been informed by Surgeon O. Q. Herrick, surgeon-in-chief 4th division, from the  enemy's lines,
that all the medical officers Avith  him have been paroled  to report to the commandant of the post at Atlanta, as soon as relieved
from taking care of the United States sick and Avounded  prisoners.  The conduct of the medical officers of this corps has, Avith
Ioav exceptions, been  highly commendable.  Special mentions have  been  made in  division reports, which will be forwarded to
Surgeon G. Perin, U. S. A., medical  director of the department of the Cumberland.   I  refer especially  to the services of the
following:  Surgeons  S. Marks,  10th  Wisconsin Volunteers, surgeon-in-chief of the 1st division, R. G. Bogue, 19th  Illinois
Volunteers, surgeon-in-chief of the 2d division, M. C. Tollman, 2d Minnesota Volunteers, surgeon-in-chief of the 3d division, and
O. Q.  Herrick, 34th Illinois Volunteers, surgeon-in-chief  of the 4th division, and to the efficient  medical purveyor of the corps,
Surgeon H. C. Barrell, 38th  Illinois Volunteers.  Arrangements have been made  to  get an  accurate list of the names of  the
Avounded,  including those  sent to hospitals in the rear.  When this has  been accomplished in a satisfactory manner, a copy
Avill be forwarded.  At present I add only the folloAving estimate of numbers: killed, seven hundred and five; Avounded, three
thousand live hundred and eight; total, four  thousand tAvo hundred and thirteen.   It is believed by the division  director of the
1st division that future information from  those marked as missing, or other reports, will  sAvell this estimate of Avounded in that
command.  While  attempting to reach the 3d division hospital on the  morning of  the 20th, in company with the topographical
engineer, Captain GaAAr, I received a slight Avound in the neck by a musket ball, not disabling me, however, from duty.
                                 I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient  servant,
                                                                                         F. H. GROSS,
                                                               Surgeon U. S.  V., Medical Director Fourteenth Army Corps.
  To Major General G. H.  Thomas."
CCXV1II.   Extracts from a Report of  the  Wounded of the First Division of the  Fourteenth
      Corps at the Battle of  Chickamauga.    By Surgeon  S.  Marks, 10th  Wisconsin  Volunteers.
                " The command left Bridgeport September 4th, and crossed the river, going into camp on the opposite side.
There Avere fifty men  left at Bridgeport, who Avere suffering from diarrhoea, intennittent, and remittent fever.   Each regiment
and battery in the division Avas supplied  Avith one hospital' wagon, under  the immediate charge of the surgeon, and  generally
supplied  Avith medicines and hospital stores.  On September 5th, the command marched to the  foot of Raccoon Mountain, a
distance of about three miles, and, on September 6th, marched to the top of said mountain, a distance of five miles; on September
7th. marched into the  valley betAveen Raccoon and Lookout Mountain, a distance of tAvelve miles, and Avent into camp,  Avhere Ave
remained tAA'o days.   During our stay in this camp, one man from the 21st AVisconsin Volunteers Avas accidentally wounded, and
Avas left at a private house Avith another sick man from the same regiment;  also one other, Avho Avas left in the capacity of nurse. 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON  S.  MARKS.
271
 On September 10th, Ave marched over Lookout Mountain, and encamped at the foot in MeLamore's Coa-p.  On September 11th,
 Ave Avere ordered to reinforce General Negley's command, which Avas some six miles distant from us, in the direction of Dug Gap,
 where he Avas confronted by the enemy.  We left camp at five o'clock A. m., and joined him at seven.  The tAvo divisions were
 at once placed in line of battle, the ambulance train being parked in a secure place a short distance in  the rear of the command.
 At eleven o'clock skirmishing commenced.   I met Surgeon H. W. Boyce, 11th Wisconsin Volunteers, surgeon-in-chief of General
 Negley's division, and we established the hospital  for the two divisions at a Mrs. Davis's house, within three-quarters of a mile
 of our front, and had received some eight or ten Avounded, Avhen we discovered that our forces were falling back, and that our
 batteries were being  planted around the house, making it  unsafe for hospital purposes.   We at  once ordered  up  a sufficient
 number of ambulances to remove Avhat wounded Ave had to the rear, and Avent back as far as Bailey's Cross Roads, where we
 placed  our Avounded in a house, but had not been there more than an hour before our forces Avere falling  back past  us, and we
 found it necessary  to again remove our Avounded further to the rear.  We at once loaded  them in ambulances, and went back
 to the foot of Lookout .Mountain, and established our hospitals at a Mr. Stephens's house, Avhere Ave cared for the Avounded the
 best we could up to the 16th, Avhen Ave Avere ordered to  remove all  transportable cases  to  Chattanooga, which Avas done as
 speedily as possible.  I Avas obliged  to leave one Avounded  man, and Surgeon Boyce also  left two or three of his division, and
 a medical  officer to attend to them, besides tAvo nurses.  The casualties in this division in the engagement of the eleventh Avere
 five Avounded and tAvo killed.   On September 17th. Ave marched to  Lee's Springs, and remained at that point until the evening
 of the 18th, Avhen Ave received marching orders.  We marched  until five o'clock the next morning, the 19th, Avhen the divisions
 parted, and Avere placed in line of battle.  As it was said the enemy confronted us, and an engagement was imminent,  I Avent
 in  search of a place suitable to be used as a division hospital, and selected the house of Mrs. Gaines or  Dyers as the most
 desirable  place,  as  there Avas  a fine spring of Avater and quite a number of buildings in  which the  wounded could be made
 comfortable; also plenty of straAV in the vicinity.  I had the out-buildings properly prepared for the reception of the Avounded,
 and directed that tAvo medical officers  from each brigade remain on the field, while the remainder should report to the division
 hospital for duty.   The operating staff Avas composed of Surgeons W. H. White, 79th Pennsylvania Volunteers, W. Wagner,
 24th  Illinois Volunteers, and B. F. Miller, 2d Ohio Volunteers.   Surgeon J. T. Reeves, 21st Wisconsin Volunteers, Avas  placed
 in charge of  the division hospital.   I directed the hospital wagons to be parked near the hospital, and the ambulances in the
 Avoods, about eighty rods to the rear of the division.  About ten o'clock the battle commenced, and the wounded Avere coming in
 quite rapidly.   I think, hoAvever, Ave received more from  Brannan's division than from  our own, as it seems  the ambulance
 drivers of that division Avere  not informed as to the  location of their  division hospital.  About eleven  o'clock I directed the
 hospital tent to be pitched near the hospital buildings, as they were becoming crowded.  We continued to receive and care for
 the AA-ounded until about five P. M., AA'hen our forces Avere driven back in the vicinity of the hospital, and in a few moments the
 enemy's grape and canister Avere being thrown in and around the hospital, making  the location  entirely unsafe for Avounded.
 All that could Avalk were directed to fall back behind the bluff to a place of comparative safety, while the ambulances were filled
 as rapidly as possible with  those unable to Avalk.  At this time  I received orders from Surgeon G. Perin, U. S. A., to send the
 wounded to  CraAvfish Spring, and  accordingly the ambulances Avere sent that  Avay.  Fortunately our forces  soon drove the
 enemy from the vicinity of the hospital, enabling our medical officers to return to their duties.  The ambulances were kept moving
 all  night, and not more than forty were left at the hospital on  the morning of the 20th.   On  Sunday morning, quite a number
 of Avounded were brought into the hospital, but the close proximity of the battle soon rendered  its abandonment a necessity,
 when Surgeon J. T. Reeve, 21st Wisconsin Volunteers, with  the medical officers  under him, with great  exertion succeeded in
 removing all the wounded, and all  the hospital tents, except one  belonging to the 79th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Avhich  had to
 be abandoned for Avant of transportation; and by ten  o'clock they were on the Avay to Chattanooga.  On  the morning of the
 20th, the hospital tent of the 19th U. S. Infantry, was burned by the explosion of a shell.   During the engagement of the 20th,
 the Avounded Avere sent to the rear as fast as possible, but  many of the severer  cases fell  into the hands of the enemy, as our
 troops Avere constantly falling back.  As the hospital at Mrs. Gaines's house was broken up, I did not detail any medical  officers
 to remain, but regret to  say that Surgeons J. T. Reeves, 21st Wisconsin Volunteers, and L. I. Dixon, 1st Wisconsin Volunteers,
 and Assistant Surgeon F. Corfe, 1st Wisconsin Volunteers, and Acting Assistant Surgeon  G. Vartanyon Avere captured, and all
 but Dr. Vartanyon  are  in the hands of the enemy at  the present time.  On the evening of the 20th,  our  division fell back to
 Rossville, and remained at that place until the night of the 21st.  During the 21st, it had some skirmishing, but no casualties
 in the division.  On the night of the 21st, we were ordered to fall  back to Chattanooga, where we arrived  on the morning of the
 22d of September.   As our division fought mostly in  the Avoods, but little  caimon Avas used; consequently the majority of our
 men Avere wounded with musketry, although  we have quite a number of cases severely wounded from  round shot and shell.
 The casualties during the engagement are as follows: Killed, one hundred and fifty-four; Avounded, six hundred and eighteen.
 It is  presumed  subsequent  information Avill  swell the list  very much, as there are many men  reported  missing  who are
 undoubtedly either killed or wounded.   The conduct of the medical  officers of the  division, Avith a  few  exceptions, is  com-
 mendable in  the highest degree.   Surgeon J. T. Reeves, 21st Wisconsin Volunteers, who had charge  of the division hospital,
 and Avas untiring in his  efforts to relieve the sufferings  of the wounded, is entitled to especial credit for  the manner in which he
 removed the wounded and hospital property under his charge.   Surgeons  B. F.  Miller, 2d Ohio Volunteers, W. Wagner, 24th
Illinois Volunteers, J. Currey,  38th  Indiana Volunteers, and L. I. Dixon, 1st Wisconsin Volunteers, all behaved themselves in
the most commendable manner, as did Assistant Surgeons W. H. White,  79th Pennsylvania Volunteers, B. Mosemeier, 33d Ohio
Volunteers, B. C. Brett,  21st Wisconsin Volunteers, H. Benson, 10th Wisconsin Volunteers, T. Wild, 24th  Illinois Volunteers,
and Acting Assistant Surgeon PoAvers." 
272                       APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--WESTERN  ARMIES,  J863.

('('XIX.   Extracts from a Report of the  Wounded  of the  Second Division of the Fourteenth
       Coips at the Battle  of  Chickamauga.   By  Surgeon  11.  (I. Bo<;uk, 19th Illinois  Volunteers.

       *   *  *   "September 1, 1863, the command Avas in camp on Crow  Creek, near Stevenson, Alabama.   On the evcniti" of
that day it received orders to march, to cross the Tennessee River near that  point.   Most of  the sick in the division had been
disposed of a feAV days previous by sending them to hospital at Stevenson; the few that remained Avere, on that day, transferred to
hospital.  I do not know the number thus disposed of, but the command Avas very well cleared of invalids.  About sunset  the
command began  crossing the river on the pontoon bridge at Caperton's Ferry, near Stevenson.   With eleven regiments of infantry
and three batteries of artillerj', Avere tAventv-one medical officers besides myself, the remaining eight being  either absent  sick  or
on detached seiwice.   Each  regiment  and one of the batteries had an  ambulance which folloAved its respective command- each
Avas furnished Avith an hospital knapsack filled AA'ith  medicines and dressings; each had four hand stretchers; each regiment had a
hospital Avagon which followed either in its rear, or those of the brigade together at the rear of the brigade; each regiment had a
good supply of instruments, medicines, surgical dressings, etc., and a hospital  tent.  There Avas a division ambulance train of
thirty ambulances, all in very good condition.  These folloAved at the rear  of the division, in  advance of the ammunition trains.
This was the order of the moving of ambulances and hospital Avagons during the march.   Our course of march was up the south
or east bank of the  river to opposite Bridgeport, Avhen we crossed the Raccoon Mountain to  the Lookout  Valley, near Trenton,
Tennessee.   Here I took charge of a wounded man of the 39th Indiana Mounted Infantry, who had been wounded that day,  the
4th.  I am indebted to Assistant Surgeon C. F. Little, 19th Illinois Volunteers, Avho kindly cared  for him until he could be
properly disposed of.  From here we moved up the valley to cross Lookout Mountain at  Stevens's Gap.  The evening of the 6th
Avhile ascending  the mountain, there was a slight skirmish in which one man  of the 42d  Indiana Volunteers Avas wounded.  We
crossed the mountain into MeLamore's CoAre or Chickamauga Valley, and on the 11th, near Dug Gap, the enemy was encountered,
when a severe skirmish or small battle ensued, during which nine men Avere killed and  tAventy-two wounded.   Here, at Davis's
Cross Roads, in  the  house of Widow Davis, the wounded Avere cared for;  but the command  being obliged to fall back from  the
position,  the wounded were moved back first to a point called Bailey's Cross Roads, then to the foot of the mountain to Stevens's
house, at Avhich  place they Avere  all cared  for that night.  The 1st division, Fourteenth Corps, being engaged Avith  this,  the
operations of this day and  the feAV folloAving Avere  made  in  concert Avith  Surgeon S. Marks, 10th Wisconsin Volunteers, its
surgeon-in-chief, to Avhom I am much indebted for  advice and assistance.   The wounded Avere cared  for at Stevens's house until
the  17th, when I received orders from Surgeon F. H. Gross, U. S. V., medical  director, Fourteenth Corps, to send them Avith
such sick as Avere hospital cases to Chattanooga, in ambulances.  During the march, as  cases of sick occurred  they Avere taken
into the  ambulances of the  division and transported, being  mostly cared  for by the surgeons of the regiments to which they
belong, until at Stevens's Gap, Avhere there had accumulated about forty cases.   A medical officer was  detailed to attend them,
sheltering them in the ambulances AA'hich Avere parked in a little grove.   On the morning of the 17th, complying with the above
mentioned order, the Avounded, twenty, and the sick, about forty cases, were started for Chattanooga for admittance to hospital at
that place.  Assistant Surgeon W. P. Hornbrook, 42d Indiana Volunteers, by my direction  accompanied them,  he was furnished
beef essence and coffee sufficient to feed them one day, the time consumed in making the journey.  Three  nurses Avere sent Avith
them.  The sick and Avounded of the 1st division Avere sent with this train.   Up to this time two of the wounded men had died,
and tAvo  Avere so feeble that it was thought best to leave them there rather than move them.   The two of this division, with one
from the 1st diAnsion, who were injured too severely to move, were left at Stevens's house, two nurses, one of each division, Avith
food, medicines and dressings, sufficient for several  days, (four or five,) were left in attendance.  By my order, Assistant  Surgeon
II.  S. GrisAvold,  11th Michigan Volunteers, remained or returned, for the command Avas on the move Avhen I rejoined it, to care
for  those left there.   I have  heard nothing from him since; therefore I know nothing of his  fate.  The division moved to near
CraAvfish Spring, arriving there the evening of the  18th.   The morning of the 19th, one brigade became engaged with the enemy
from which several Avere wounded.   They were removed to WidoAV Gordon's house at  Crawfish Spring, their Avounds dressed
and the}' put to bed.   About four  o'clock P. M. the  troops  having nearly all passed beyond  this point, I had all, except two who
Avere very severely wounded, loaded into ambulances and  moved  toward the  left, as  the  battle had been in progress in that
direction for several hours.   I thought the hospitals would be  established in  that direction.   After going about one mile, I met
Avounded  men in large numbers being taken back toward the spring.  Still moving further toward the left, I met Assistant
Surgeon D. Bache, U. S. A., assistant medical director of the department of the Cumberland,  who informed me that all wounded
Avere to be sent to  the spring, as there would be the  great depot for them.   I  directed Surgeon  W. P. Johnson, 18th Ohio
Volunteers, to return to  that point, taking all the hospital wagons and the  Avounded with him, to select some  proper place and
have the  hospital tents pitched, caring for Avhat there were and be in readiness to receive others, for a portion of the division was
there engaged in battle.  I proceeded to Avhere the command Avas; had all the Avounded gathered up and sent to the hospital.  I
directed nine medical officers to return there for duty that night.  I visited there about midnight, found  everything in proper
order, and, directing Surgeon W. P. Johnson to remain in charge there, I returned to the command and did not visit the hospital
thereafter, for the events of the battle of the 20th early separated me from communication with it.  During the early part of the
day, Avounded Avere gathered into the ambulances of the division as also those of the regiments, and not being  able to send them
to the spring hospital, nor the one on the left of the line, they Avere, before  evening, sent to Chattanooga in company with those
of other divisions.  For  a time I was separated from the command, rejoining it at Rossville about five o'clock P. M.  When, from
the  result of the  battle,  it became necessary to abandon the hospitals at the spring, Surgeon W. P. Johnson  directed Surgee;.
William Anderson, 37th Indiana Volunteers, Surgeon James-R. Brelsford, 74th Ohio Volunteers, and Assistant  Surgeon William
P. Hornbrook, 42d Indiana Volunteers, to remain with those left there.  The  hospital Avagons and ambulances  were loaded with
such of the wounded as could be transported, and  ordered to Chattanooga.  The hospital tents of all the  regiments, except the
37th Indiana  Volunteers, 78th Pennsylvania Volunteers, and 104th Illinois Volunteers, Avith such of hospital stores, bedding,  and
medicines as were needed were left  there.   On the 21st, a few were wounded Avho Avere sent directly to Chattanooga.   During
this night, the command moved back to this  place.   One medical officer remained with each regiment during the Avhole battle 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON  M.  C.  TOLLMAN.
273
  and aftenvard, the others being assigned  to duty at hospitals in toAvn.  When the field hospital Avas established on the 23d, a
  portion of the officers Avere ordered to duty there, the others remaining Avith the regiments or at hospitals in toAvn.  During the
,  campaign  two medical  officers returned from leave of absence,  and since our arrival here tAvo have returned to the command.
  All are iioav on duty with their regiments or at the field hospital, or at the hospital for the sick of the division.  Surgeon William
  Anderson, 37th  Indiana Volunteers, has returned from the hospital on the battle-field, haA-ing been exchanged; the others are
  retained as prisoners.  The conduct of the medical officers during the  campaign and battles was good, and since has been very
  commendable.   There are some who merit special mention; but  where all, with a single  exception, did their duty in the positions
  assigned them, it is not  necessary.   All have my thanks for their faithfulness and efficiency, and all, I trust, feel reAvarded in the
  consciousness of having performed their duty at a time when their services Avere needed and  could be Avell  appreciated by those
  who Avere so unfortunate as to require their aid.   I am indebted to Lieutenant W. W. Barker, assistant commissary of subsistence,
  2d division, Fourteenth  Corps, for his promptness in furnishing food for the sick and wounded  as it Avas needed from time to time.
  During the battle of the 20th, the ambulance of the  71th Ohio Volunteers Avas captured.  Each of the surgeons Avho fell into the
  enemy's hands had an amputating set of instruments Avhich were taken by the enemy. The full amount of losses of that character
  I am unable  to  state.  The folloAving is a summary of our casualties from September 6th to 21st, inclusive: killed, seventy-one;
  Avounded, four hundred and ninety-one;  total, five hundred and sixty-tAvo.   I  neglected to mention in proper  place that the
  ambulances which Avent to Chattanooga on the 17th, returned on the evening of the 18th."      *      *      *
 (JCXX.   Extracts from a  Report of the Wounded of  the  Third  Division  of the Fourteenth
       Corps at the Battle of Chickamauga.   By Surgeon M. C. Tollman, 2d Minnesota Volunteers.
       *  *  *   "At the time of the recent forAvard movement on Chattanooga,  *  *  and during the battles of the nineteenth
 and twentieth,   *  *  the regiments Avere Avell supplied Avith medicines and instruments.  Each regiment and battery had  an
 ambulance, Avhich followed in the rear of the command, and contained either a hospital knapsack or medicine chest, furnished.
 Each regiment had a hospital Avagon, Avhich folloAved in the rear of the command, or Avith the general train, according to the
 nature of the roads; this Avagon  carried medicines, mess chest,  tents, etc., Avhich  belonged to the hospital department.   Each
 brigade had  a train of ten ambulances, making thirty in all, which were under the control of the medical director, and folloAved
 in  the rear of the  ammunition train.  The above order of march was a good deal interfered Avith, especially over Lookout
 Mountain. August 28th, the division began crossing the Tennessee  River on rafts, and, on the evening of September 3d, the
 troops and trains Avere Avell over, AA'ith the  loss of three men droAvned.  On the 5th, we struck camp and  marched at daylight.
 We encountered no opposition, and got  across Lookout Mountain  at eleven o'clock a. m. on the 13th, Avithout any casualty or
 loss of transportation.  One hospital wagon of the 31st Ohio Volunteers upset, and some  portion of  the stores were destroyed.
 This  division became  engaged with the enemy  early in the  morning of the 19th, and according to directions from Major
 General Thomas, I  located the division hospital on the Rossville road, about tAvo miles toward Rossville, from the point where
 the engagement first commenced, at which place  there Avere good springs, a church, and several houses.  Before night there
 were nearly one thousand men of my oavii and  other divisions Avounded in the hospital.  I had all my tents and the  church and
 houses filled,  besides hundreds lying out of doors.  As many of the Avorst wounded were dressed as possible.  I got them all a
 cup of coffee  and a cup of soup, and plenty of straAV to keep them off the  ground, and built fires to keep them warm, as but
 feAV had saved  their blankets from the battle-field.   On Sunday, as the  hospital was cut off early in the  morning from  all
 communication with the battle-field, and several messengers that I sent to find the location of our  troops failed to get through,
 or, if they got through, to return to us, none of the Avounded of this day were  brought to this  hospital.  In  the meantime the
 details for operating corps had got their tables, and had began to  perform the operations necessary, when a  furious cannonade
 opened upon us.   A shell passed through a house and killed a Avounded officer;  another fired one of the tents;  another exploded
 in the streets, and knocked  doAvn two  men  by the concussion.   I  started all that could walk,  and  then loaded all the
 ambulances and Avagons, and started for Rossville, three miles  distant, with all  the wounded, save about sixty of the worst
 cases, with Avhom I detailed  three medical officers to remain.  All the hospital tents, and the tents of the medical officers of the
 division, and  the regimental supplies of the 2d  Minnesota, 9th and 17th Ohio, and 82d Indiana Volunteers, together with the 9th
 Ohio hospital wagons, fell into the enemy's hands.   Subsequently I sent nearly all the wounded into  Chattanooga  that night,
 On Monday, all the wounded that could be collected were  sent to Chattanooga, and many of the lighter cases were sent right
 on to Bridgeport, and  thus never came under my observation, or of any of the regimental surgeons.   On Monday night  the
 army fell  back to Chattanooga, and since then all the medical officers of the  division  have been engaged in attending to the
 Avounded  in general hospital, except  one to each regiment.  The regimental  medical supplies have been expended with the
 wounded  of the army,  so that in nearly every regiment a new outfit will be necessary before the troops can take the field.   One
 ambulance broke doAvn, and had to be left on the  battle-field.   I  was  ably seconded, on the days of the battle  and subsequently,
 by the medical corps of this division.  All, with one or two exceptions, discharged  their duty faithfully and fearlessly.  Surgeon
 0. Q. Herrick, 34th Illinois, Surgeon W. H. Lemon,  82d  Indiana, and  Assistant Surgeon Otis Ayer, 2d Minnesota Volunteers,
 subsequently exchanged, remained at the hospital by my direction.  Assistant  Surgeons D. D. Benedict, 17th Ohio, and C.  O.
 Wright and A. H. Landis, 35th Ohio, were captured, all of whom  are still held as prisoners of war, except  Dr. Ayer, exchanged
 as above stated.  Our losses are as follows: Killed, three  hundred  and twenty-five; wounded, sixteen hundred and forty-two.
 I am  under great obligations to Captain Roper, commissary of subsistence of this division, for the  promptness Avith which  he
furnished me with rations; also to Lieutenant Russell, Avho was detailed Avith a portion of division provost guards as a guard to
the  hospital, for the promptness with which he executed every order  for collecting beeves and  sheep from the country for the
use of the wounded, by direction of Surgeon O. Q. Herrick, 34th  Illinois Volunteers, in charge of hospital, and also for collecting
stragglers, and sending them to the front."
        35 
271
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--WESTERN  ARMIES,  1863.
 CCXXI.   Rtport on the Operations of the Medical Staff of  the  Twentieth  Army Corps at the
       Rattle of  Chickamauga.   By Surgeon Jabez Perkins, 10th Kentucky Volunteers.

       *  *  *  "We left Stevenson, Alabama, on  September 2d, with  one hundred and  five available ambulances and eight
 wagon loads of reserve medical and hospital supplies.  Among these Avere tAvelve hospital  tents entire, which I procured of the
 post quartermaster at Stevenson, our former supply having been  exhausted in the organization of a  general hospital at Tulla-
 homa, in pursuance of orders from the medical director of the department.  On the eve of starting from Stevenson, an order Avas
 issued from corps headquarters, Avithout my knowledge or consent, limiting the amount of medical and hospital supplies to be
 carried by each regiment to five hundred pounds.  On learning the fact, I procured such modification of the order as permitted
 the regular hospital Avagons, of which we had eleven in the corps, to be taken along with their contents unreduced, and also one
 additional wagon to each chVision for the transportation of such  supplies as, in the judgment of the division medical directors
 were most needed.  The health of our troops on starting was good, considering the season and locality.  Malarial fevers prevailed
 to some extent, but they were generally of a mild character.  The first  and second  divisions crossed the Tennessee River at
 Capertous Ferry, four miles from Stevenson, and the third at Bridgeport, twelve miles above.  The former arrived at Valley
 Head on September 4th, at which place they were joined by the 3d division on the morning of September 10th.   The command
 had just received orders to cross Lookout Mountain, and, as an early engagement with the enemy Avas deemed probable, I ordered
 the sick to be left at Valley Head, where a wagon train was parked, and Colonel  Post's brigade left as a guard.  Such cases as
 were likely  to be protracted  were subsequently sent by supply train to Stevenson, the remainder came forward Avith Colonel
 Post's brigade and joined their command at this place September 23d.   On the morning of September 10th, we ascended Lookout
 Mountain, crossed over into Shinbone Valley and  camped near Alpine, Georgia.  On the 14th, we  recrossed Lookout Mountain
 and passed down Will's Valley to Stevens's Gap, where we again crossed the mountain and joined  General Thomas's command
 on the 16th,  at Pond Spring.   On  the  morning of the 19th, the entire corps moved forAvard  on the Rossville road, about eight
 miles in the direction of Chattanooga, where they Avere ordered  into line of battle preparatory to a general engagement, wliich
 opened on our left about eleven o'clock  a. m.   In the disposition of troops the TAventieth  Corps Avas divided, the  2d division
 being posted on the extreme left of our army, and the 1st and 3d divisions on the right.  The Avounded of the 2d division Avere
 remoA'ed to  a temporary hospital  immediately in the rear, and  those of the 1st  and 3d divisions to the vicinity of Crawfish
 Spring, on the right  and rear of  our line of battle.  At this point we occupied a large brick building Avith a number of out-houses
 for hospital purposes, and to these were added such hospital tents as were in our possession.  In addition to the wounded of the
 Twentieth Corps, a large portion of those of the Fourteenth Corps were  brought  here, it being the nearest point at which they
 could obtain water.   By eight o'clock in the morning every place of shelter Avas full, and a large number were yet  unprovided
 for.   The night was extremely cold for the season, yet those  compelled to remain out were rendered comparatively comfortable
 by large fires and such bedding as we could command.   An abundance of nourishment in the form  of beef soup, coffee, etc., Avas
 provided  for all, and their wounds Avere dressed as rapidly as Avas possible under the circumstances.   Our wounded at the 2d
 division hospital Avere well cared for during the night;  but soon after the  battle Avas renevyed on  the morning of the 20th, our
 forces on the left were compelled to fall back, and it became evident that the hospital would fall  into the  hands of the enemy.
 Surgeon Charles Schussler,  surgeon-in-chief of the division,  immediately ordered all his  available ambulances  to  be  filled
 with such  cases  as were transportable and sent them in the direction of Chattanooga.  Those Avho were able to do so walked to
 a place of temporary safety, Avhile about forty of the more severely Avounded fell into the hands of the enemy. About one o'clock
 of the same  day, our right having given Avay, the enemy got betyveen us and our hospitals at Crawfish Spring.  General Mitchell,
 with a large calvary force, Avas guarding the spring, but it Avas evident that he would be  compelled to abandon the position.  I
 AA-as  on the  left at the time, and cut off by the enemy from our hospitals on the right.   Surgeon Luther D. Waterman, 39th
 Indiana Volunteers, and Surgeon Griffiths, however, made their arrangements as judiciously and as rapidly as possible for leaving,
 and Colonel Boyd, our corps quartermaster, being  present, with commendable promptness collected  a large number of empty
 wagons, Avhich having been partly filled  with straAV, were, Avith the available ambulances, loaded with wounded, and conducted
 across Missionary Hills to the Lookout Valley road and thence to Chattanooga.  About two hundred and fifty men were left in
 hospitals occupied by the 1st and 3d divisions, but many of them  Avere from the Fourteenth Corps.   Our forces, after giving way
 on the right  and centre, fell back in confusion for some distance, but they were finally rallied, and the reserve, under General
• Granger, coming up about that time, the  enemy was again held in check, and severe fighting  continued until dark.  The 1st and
 3d divisions  of the Twentieth Corps, however, Avere not again engaged.   The 2d division  was engaged during the evening, and
 such  of the wounded as Ave had the means of removing, were sent to Rossville, four miles in the rear,  and  from there to Chatta-
 nooga the next morning.  During the night our forces fell back  on Rossville, thus leaving the entire  field, and with it our dead
 and the greater part  of the more severely wounded in the hands  of the enemy.  The field on which occurred the greater part of
 the fighting is slightly rolling  and covered with timber.  Artillery Avas much  used  during the battle, but  the  fighting Avas
 mostly done with musketry at short range and with conical  leaden bullets.  Judging from my own observation, I would say
 that the proportion of slight wounds is  greater than  usually occurs.  We left with our wounded eleven medical officers, Avith the
 necessary medical supplies, and about three thousand rations.  We lost during the battle fourteen ambulances and all the hospital
 tents in the  reserve supply, with  five belonging to the 1st and two to the 3d division, Avhich were left at CraAvfish Spring.
 Besides the hospital tents, the only issues on the field from the corps supplies Avere two  hundred and fifty tin cups, tAvo hundred
 and fifty tin plates, two hundred and fifty table-spoons, and one hundred Avoollen blankets.  The balance Avas brought to Chatta-
 nooga.  During the night of the  21st, our army fell back to Chattanooga, at Avhich place, in pursuance  of orders from the medical
 director of the department, division hospitals  have been established, in which such of the wounded as have not been sent to the
 rear are now being treated and are generally doing well.  The fortunes of Avar have placed it  beyond our power to furnish a
 report of the killed;  and,  at present, it is impossible to procure a list of the Avounded  that will even approximate accuracy as to
 numbers.   Accompanying this report will be found a reliable hst, as far as it goes,  and a more complete one will be forwarded as
 soou  as it can be obtained.  In conclusion, I am desirous of bearing testimony to the zeal and conscientious regard for duty that 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  L.  D.  WATERMAN.
275
have characterized the conduct of our medical officers throughout the entire campaign, but more especially during and since the
battle.  Of the division surgeons-in-chief of this corps, I Avish to  speak in terms of commendation, as very much of the good
that Ave have been able to accomplish is due to the prompt and efficient manner in which they have performed their duties.  Many
of the regimental surgeons and assistant surgeons are deserving of special notice, for which I beg leave to refer you to the reports
of the division chief medical officers, which are herewith transmitted."       *      *      *
 CCXXII.   Extracts from a Report of  the  Wounded of the  First  Division of the  Twentieth
       Corps  at  the  Battle of  Chickamauga.    By  Surgeon  L.  D.  Waterman,  39th  Indiana
       Volunteers.

       *   *   *   "On August 28, 1863, this division crossed the Tennessee River, and on subsequent days marched to Valley
 Head, where one brigade remained until  the 23d instant, Avhen it rejoined the division.   The sick of .the entire division were
 left Avith this brigade,  and the 2d and 3d  brigades, after  marching almost day and night, were suddenly ordered into battle
 Avhilst marching on the morning of September  19th.  They Avere both immediately engaged with  the enemy, and the wounded
 began to tall back for  attention.  KnoAving nothing of the ground or lines of battle, I tAvice selected locations for a division
 hospital as speedily as  I could, and had to abandon them;  finally, by order of Surgeon G. Perin, U. S. A., medical director
 of the department, I used every exertion  to collect  the Avounded at  CraAvfish  Spring, taking the  brick buildings near by as a
 nucleus for a hospital,  and ordering thither ambulances with Avounded, and such medicine wagons  and medicine and hospital
 supplies as I had available.  With the exception of three medicine wagons, the regimental medicine supplies were reduced  by
 general order from corps headquarters to five hundred pounds to a regiment, and had necessarily been put with other baggage,
 and taken by the regimental quartermaster out of the hands of the medical officers for safety in transportation.  These supplies
 Avere not accessible when the battle came on, and the medical officers had consequently to rely on  their  knapsacks,  and such
 articles as they had in their  ambulances.   The  wagon  trains having been subsequently  hurried to Chattanooga, the hospital
 supplies Avere only obtained Avhen the troops reached that place.   I sincerely hope such reduction will  not again be made.  The
 Avounded of this division were not all recovered from the ground Avhere they fell.  Many, too badly Avounded to be easily brought
 off, Avere left in  the enemy's  hands eventually;  but as many as could be reached were somewhat commingled with  wounded
 of other divisions gathered at CraAvfish Spring, Avhere the surgeons of this division, not needed Avith the  troops in front, were
 organized under charge of Surgeon S. 0. Himoe, 15th Wisconsin Volunteers, to render such aid as they could.  The  following
 medical officers Avere appointed in operating corps: Surgeons S. B. HaAvley, 36th Illinois Volunteers, E. M. Seeley, 21st Illinois
 Volunteers, O. Chamberlain, 8th Kansas  Volunteers, and J. Blount, 25th Blinois  Volunteers, with Assistant Surgeons W.  D.
 Fouts, 81st Indiana Volunteers, H. T. Lacy, 101st  Ohio Volunteers, J. Buterbaugh, 8th Kansas Volunteers, and S. E. Beach,
 8th Kansas Volunteers.  To attend to cooking,  etc., Surgeon T. M. Cook, 101st Ohio Volunteers; for records, Assistant Surgeon
 D. S. Clark, 25th Illinois Volunteers.  At this division hospital, without fatigue party or  guards, the wounded Avere gathered
 during the remainder of the  battle.   Some  operations were performed, wounds were dressed, the wounded rapidly fed, and
 the medical officers worked faithfully amidst  the confusion.   Assistant Surgeon  D. S. Clark, 25th Illinois Volunteers, never
 reported for duty, but  is believed to have been captured while with  his regiment, perhaps wounded; consequently the records
 were not well kept up.   The supplies of sanitary goods, beef extract, tea, etc., with five hundred pounds of fresh beef from  the
 division commissary, and sugar, coffee, and hard bread procured from  the commissary of subsistence of the Cavalry Corps,
 enabled me, yvith such articles of food  as  were in the ambulances, to subsist the wounded  until the afternoon of the 20th, when
 I  procured a wagon load of  hard bread  from the cavalry, and a full Avagon load of bread, sugar, coffee, soap, and  salt were
 delivered to me  by order of Lieutenant Colonel  Boyd, assistant quartermaster Twentieth Corps, whose attention to the wants
 of the hospital are worthy of especial  commendation.   Subsequently other  rations, with sanitary supplies from ambulance
 wagons, etc.,  were gathered together,  until, without actual measurement, I think about twenty-five hundred rations  were left
 when we finally retreated from the  hospital.  The army was apparently driven back so as to expose this locality to the enemy
 at three o'clock P. m., on the 20th instant, at which time I was with Brigadier General Davis and  the division.  I then returned
 to the hospital,  and wagons and  ambulances,  with  such wounded  as were considered  transportable, Avere  sent by way
 of Lookout Mountain  road to Chattanooga  as rapidly as  possible;  and no general order having been issued to direct me, I
 ordered Surgeons E. M. Seeley, 21st Illinois Volunteers, S. B. HaAvley, 36th Illinois  Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeons W.  D.
 Fouts, 81st Indiana Volunteers, and H. T. Lacey, 101st Ohio Volunteers, to remain and surrender themselves with the Avounded;
 to gather our wounded  together, and care for them after our retreat.   Twelve  hospital tents and flies, out of fourteen procured
 from Surgeon J. Perkins, 10th Kentucky Volunteers, medical director TAventieth Corps, with four  of my OAvn, were left, the
 remainder having been sent to Chattanooga on wagons  Avith wounded, not having been pitched.   Medicines, instruments, and
 hospital stores—all that was considered necessary by the surgeons who remained—were left with them; and straAV and  rations
having been  previously procured, and the wants of  the  remaining wounded being  supplied as well as facilities would permit, I
 retreated to Chattanooga with the trains of wounded, picking up many by the Avay.  The loss of all such records as were made,
the absence of the medical officers  who could furnish the information necessary, together with the  constant and prostrating
labors and anxieties since required by the sick and wounded, have prevented me from being able to make a satisfactory report,
and so far affected my health as  almost to incapacitate  me from doing so within  the  time  required.  Assistant Surgeon S. E.
Beach, 8th Kansas Volunteers, was seen near  the hospital at four P. M. on the 20th instant, and  not  having since reported, is
supposed to have been captured.   The next day after our arrival hi Chattanooga, the 21st instant, all  the wounded of this
division who were not sent to Bridgeport, Alabama, in wagon or ambulance trains,  were gathered into the sanitary rooms, and
under charge of  Surgeon S. O. Himoe, 15th Wisconsin Volunteers, who attended them until the 24th instant, Avhen, by order
of Surgeon G. Perin, U. S. A., medical director of the  department, they were taken to the field hospital across the river,  where
they iioav remain, except such as Avere sent away next day in Avagons to Stevenson, Alabama.   *   *  On  the 24th  instant, the 
276                      APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--WESTERN  ARMIES,   1863.

1st  brigade had a skirmish Avith the enemy in front of our breastAVorks at Chattanooga, in Avhich one man Avas killed and tAvo
were Avounded.  I am unable, I regret to say, to furnish  even approximate  lists of killed and wounded.   Many of the slightly
Avounded Avere sent nortliAvard before I could be spared at Chattanooga, and Arery many of the most seriously Avounded were
left in  the possession of the enemy.  About two hundred Avounded Avere left at CraAA'fish  Spring, and many more on the field.
The entire loss of the  two brigades of this diA'ision, as officially reported in killed, Avounded, and missing, nearly all of Avhom
are said to have been Avounded, is one thousand three hundred and forty-seven.  The present strength of these brigades, at the
time of going into battle, Avas tAvo thousand four hundred and  thirty-three; about one-sixth of those lost are  believed to have
been taken unhurt.  Several  hospital steAvards, cooks, and nurses were left Avith our wounded by my orders.   Tavo ambulances
of this division were captured  during the battle, the mules having first been shot; tAvo others, belonging to the 1st brigade
Avere captured on Lookout Mountain while Colonel Watkins's cavalry Avere attacked there.  Many of our convalescents were
marching Avith that cavalry command, but it is believed they mostly escaped.  Assistant  Surgeon  J. P. Liddall, 22d Indiana
Volunteers, Avas Avith them."              *      *
 CCXXIIL   Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the Second  Division of the Twentieth
       Corps  at  the  Battle   of  Chickamauga.    By  Surgeon  Charles  Schussler,  6th  Indiana
      Volunteers.

       *   *  *   " Since our last report from Stevenson, Alabama,  the  army continued in a favorable sanitary condition, with
 the exception of some cases of remittent and intermittent bilious fevers, Avhich, however, readily yielded to treatment.  Although
 the marches Avere laborious in coming over mountains, the number of sick were comparatively few.   At Winton's we established
 a hospital depot on September 10th,  and from there sent with the Avagons of the supply train seventy sick to Stevenson, Alabama.
 On crossing Lookout  Mountain, one man belonging to the 20th Ohio Battery was killed by the upsetting of a caisson, his skull
 being fractured.  *  *  I crossed Lookout  Mountain the third time on the 17th.  One  four-horse ambulance was destroyed.
 The army had  a severe march this  day.  We camped near Crawfish Spring.  On the 18th, we marched five miles, near a gap.
 On the 19th, Ave marched in a northern direction.  The division Avas preparing for encountering the enemy.  The troops were in
 good spirits, although in passing through the mountains the water of the creek seemed to give  rise to many cases of diarrhoea.
 *   *   At one o'clock in the afternoon the division formed in line of battle, moving down a declivity through a partially timbered
 country interspersed with  some farms.  I inquired of General Johnson  about the propriety of establishing the hospital depot,
 in which he acquiesced, after a halt  a mile further on.   I then sent  a messenger out to select a good eligible place, Avith a depot
 for the ambulances, and another in the rear of the lines, some one thousand yards.  The 1st brigade, General Willich's, entered
 the woods, and in  a few minutes after I had two wounded men to  attend.   The tAvo other brigades also entered the fight, and
 they also soon had  wounded.   The  depot  for receiving them was needed for the position of new troops, forming them in line
 of battle, and, in consequence, had to be removed more to the rear.  The ground  selected to receive the wounded, which Avere
 carried on by the ambulances from  the first  place, was  distant nearly a  mile on the left side of the Chattanooga road.   On this
 place Surgeon G. P. Ashman, 93d Ohio Volunteers, superintended, and Surgeon F. Irish, U.  S. V., was appointed to operate, having
 with them all  aATailable assistant  surgeons, nurses, hospital stewards, and the two army medical wagons.  I had gone to the
 battle-field and directed the removal  of the wounded, and given such assistance as Avas needed. The surgeons with the regiments
 Avere in their places, and dilligently attending to their duties.  A short time in the evening, after I left the battle-field, the last
 furious attack of the enemy Avas made on our division,  and a great number of the wounded had to be removed.  After three
 o'clock in the morning I Avent the last time with four ambulances, and removed all of the wounded I could  find.  We labored
 now in attending directly and dressing the wounded, and made  them as comfortable  as circumstances permitted.  In the
 morning, arrangements Avere made to amputate in a log house near by.  After deciding on the cases absolutely requiring operation,
 they Avere removed to  the place, but  the enemy moved around the woods, and soon our communication Avith the army Avas
 interrupted.  I now ordered  all the less severely Avounded, and those who could walk, to ascend the hill and secrete in the Avoods.
 When I Avas certain that the enemy intended to assail our camp, I had the wounded who needed transportation put on litters,
 and the ambulances filled with wounded  to move.  At this time the  camp was  shelled, and the operations  had to be suspended.
 The place seemed  hoav entirely untenable;  the shells flew in all directions.  We  still helped some of the wounded out of the
 tents  and out of the range  of the fast-falling shells, which Ave fortunately avoided. After doing Avhat I  could, I retreated to
 the hill.  I sent Avord  to the ambulance master to move on toward  Chattanooga with the medical Avagons.  I Avent  around
 to find the Avounded, and gave those most in need  some stimulants and others assistance.   We heard the yelling and hurrahing
 of the  enemy in our camps.   After it  became still, I returned from my shelter, but Avas  soon confronted  by Louisiana  troops
 and made a prisoner;  but Avas alloAved to attend to the wounded, having gone  near to the camp.  I had left Avord for those
 remaining not to come out until I sent them Avord.  In a short time I was released by the skirmishers of General Granger coming
 gallantly into camp.   I Avas advised by an officer  to  remove those  in the camp a thousand yards to the rear, where there
 Avas a house and temporary  field hospital.   This Avas a good deal of labor.   I had the assistance of four of  General Granger's
 ambulances.  I Avent a second time in the woods for some Avounded,  and  was made a prisoner a second time.  After dark I came
 off and returned again to the camp hospital.   Surgeons S. J. Young, 79th Illinois Volunteers, G. P. Ashman, 93d Ohio Volunteers,
 Assistant Surgeons W. A. Collins,  6th Indiana Volunteers, J. M. Weaver, 93d Ohio Volunteers, and R. P. Tombs, 99th Illinois
 Volunteers, Avere there still.  The enemy had shelled the camp a second time.  We slept there that night, and, in the morning,
 aware that the enemy had passed on to Chattanooga, and  that Ave Avere inside of his lines, Ave concluded to divide.  Surgeons G. P.
Ashman, 93d Ohio Volunteers. S. J. Young, 79th Illinois Volunteers,  J. M. Weaver, 93d Ohio Volunteers, and R. P. Tombs, 99th
 Illinois Volunteers, preferred to remain and collect the remaining Avounded, the rest of us to go on to the  army.  We commenced
our inarch carefully along the road  on Monday the 21st, and arrived safely in our lines in the course of the day.  I reported to
(ieneral Johnson, and stated all the circumstances.   The number of Avounded left  under  the charge of the surgeons aforesaid 
REPORTS  OF SURGEONS  GRIFFITHS AND  PHELPS.
277
 amounted to thirty, as far as I could  ascertain, some three or four nurses, some  nourishment, but hardly enough  to  last.
 Efforts by myself to return with provisions and ambulances Avere deemed inexpedient.  At that time, a flag of truce sent there
 returned unsuccessfully.  The army marched to Chattanooga.  By  order of Surgeon G. Perin, U. S. A., a°camp hospital was
 instituted three miles on the other side of the river, and, since, buildings have been assigned to form a division hospital, which is
 in progress under the superintendence of Surgeon F. Irish, U. S. V.   Part of the sick from the field hospital are  to be removed
 to this establishment; those who are comfortable, or not fit  to transport, to remain  under charge of Assistant Surgeon E. D.
 Bows, 93d Ohio Volunteers, with sufficient assistance, it forming a part or ward to the general hospital  of the 2d "division in
 tOAAIl."      *      *      "


 CCXXIV.  Extracts from a  Report  of the  Wounded of  the Third Division of the  Twentieth
      Corps at the Battle of Ch ickamauga.   By Surgeon D.  J. Griffiths, 2d Kentucky Volunteers.
      *  *  ' ■  "I have the honor to transmit the following report of field operations of this division since leaving Bridgeport,
 September 2, 1863.  Previous  to this time, the division was stationed  at Stevenson and Bridgeport,  locations Avhich are noted for
 malarial diseases.  Our morning reports indicated about two hundred cases of intermittents in the division.  About ninety of these
 patients Avere left in general hospital in Stevenson, the rest Avere taken Avith the column and improved gradually as Ave advanced.
 We  broke up camp September 2d. marched to Huggan Valley, about six miles from Bridgeport, rested there that night and
 the next day, and commenced the ascent of Raccoon Mountain on the 4th.  Colonel Laball, who Avas in the rear of the wa°-on
 train, completed the ascent on  the 5th; the other two brigades marched to Trenton the same day.   September 6th, we marched
 southeast to Stevens's Mill, about tAvelve miles from Trenton, Avhere we rested tAvo days. While here Ave heard of the evacuation
 of Chattanooga*.  On  September 10th, we  moved soutliAvard to Valley Head, at Avhich place Avere left about  sixty sick, under
 charge of Surgeon Ernst Jalm, 15th Missouri Volunteers.  We  ascended Lookout  Mountain the same day, and encamped at
 night near Indian Fall, on the  YelloAV Fork of Little River.  September 11th, we marched across Lookout Mountain, descended
 into  Shinbone Valley, and encamped on the state line of Georgia and Alabama at Alpine, Avhere we  remained until the morning
 of the 13th, Avhen Ave recommenced the ascent of the formidable Lookout Mountain, and encamped on Little River, about eleven
 o'clock at night.  On  September 14th, Ave marched to Stevens's Mill, a distance of tAventy-three miles, and on September 15th,
 to Johnson's Creek, seven  miles, and encamped at the foot of Lookout Mountain.   On the  16th, Ave reascended, crossed tbe
 mountain, and encamped in MeLamore's Cove near Stevens's Gap, Avhere Ave remained during the 17th.  On the 18th, we marched
 to Lee's Mill, and  Avent into camp.  We proceeded at dark to Pond Spring, having marched this day about twelve miles.  On
 September 19th, marched to Gordon's Mill, Avhere the 3d brigade, commanded by Colonel  Bradley, became engaged for a short
 time, losing about  one hundred men killed and wounded.  I established a field  hospital about one mile to the rear of Gordon's
 Mill  during the night, and remained there until  the morning of September 20th, Avhen the movement of our force to the left
 caused me to evacuate and move my hospital  to the position occupied by most of the  other division directors as hospitals near
 Crawfish Spring.  I remained  in this place and superintended the organization of a field hospital until about one  o'clock in the
 afternoon, when I was again forced to evacuate, leaving  two surgeons in charge of the  Avounded Avhom it Avas necessary to
 abandon,  about forty in number.  The ambulances had been sent to the front to obtain more of our wounded, as the 3d division
 was again engaged, but none of them returned to this  point.   One of them'Avas captured by the enemy, the  others made their
 escape loaded Avith AA'ounded,  across the Missionary Ridge into  the valley of Chattanooga, and thence  to Chattanooga.  The
 adjutant's report shoAvs a loss of over one thousand fiA-e hundred in the tAvo  days' fighting on Chickamauga River.  Not more
 than  one-fifth of them fell into  our hands; nearly all of the severely Avounded were left upon the field.  Altogether this has been
 the most  unsatisfactory  engagement as far as the care of the Avounded Avas concerned, that I have ever been  engaged in.  I do
 not think this can be ascribed to the medical officers; for, as far as they fell under my observation, they did their duty nobly and
 fearlessly.  Surgeon E. A. Merrifield, 44th Illinois Volunteers,  is reported wounded and left upon the field.  The medical officers
 left in charge of the Avounded Avere, Surgeon Thomas L. Magee, 51st Illinois Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeons Isaac W. BroAAii,
22d Blinois Volunteers,  and Henry A.  Goodale, and G. H. Blaker,  21st  Michigan Volunteers.   The  names of  the Avounded
accompanying the report  are only such  as have been received into  the  division hospitals in charge of Surgeon Edward H.
Bowman, 27th Illinois Volunteers, and is very meagre Avhen compared Avith our actual losses."
 CCXXV.   Report on  the  Operations of the Medical Staff of  the Twenty-first  Army Corps
      at the Battle of Chickamauga.   By Surgeon A. J. Phelps, U. S. Volunteers.
                             Headquarters  Taventy-first Army  Corps, Medical Director's Office,
                                                                    Chattanooga, Tennessee, September 29, 1863.
      ' • Sir :  I have the honor to submit the folloAving report of the operations of the medical department of the Twenty-first
 Corps previous to, and at the  battle of Cluckamauga.   Before leaving  Murfreesboro', in June, 1863, this corps Avas placed in
 a good and effective condition to meet the enemy.  The train of ten Avagons for reserve hospital supplies had been replenished.
 Each regiment Avas supplied Avith one good ambulance, and each division Avith thirty additional ambulances, every ten of Avhich
 were placed under the  charge of an ambulance master.  The medical officers of each division Avere organized in such a manner
 as to give to each officer a specific duty to perform, and certain of the medical officers Avere designated to remain Avith the Avounded
 in the event of a retreat.  Thus  prepared Ave marched against  the enemy at ShelbyAdlle, Tennessee.  He declined battle and
 precipitately retreated  to the south side of the Tennessee River.  In the skirmishing that took place at  this time, our  corps
 scarcely fired  a gun.  The army then halting for several weeks, it became necessary for us to establish hospitals for the temporary
care of our sick at Manchester  and McMinnville, Avhich Avas  done by your order.   Hospitals to accommodate tAvo hundred and
fifty patients Avere established at  these points, and requisitions Avere made upon  my corps reserve  supplies  for this purpose. 
278
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—WESTERN  ARMIES,   1863.
Finally, on August 16th, Ave  took up our line of march for Chattanooga, and crossed the Tennessee  River at Shellmound on
September 4th and 5th, and  occupied Chattanooga on the 9th, Avith but little skirmishing.  Immediately upon arriving at this
place I examined the hospital accommodation it afforded,  a report of which I made to you at the time.   Our corps Avas ordered
to make immediate pursuit, and  skirmished daily Avith  the enemy, Avith a total loss of forty Avounded besides the killed, until
Saturday, September 19th, when the battle opened in earnest.   The day previous to  the battle, the most favorable sites Avere
selected for our division field hospitals.  They Avere selected within a mile and a half of CraAvfish  Spring, which was the only
accessible Avater, and, with a view to the possibility of a retreat, were placed upon roads that led to the rear, across Missionary
Ridge to Chattanooga Valley.   These points were directly in the rear of our line  of battle in the morning, but as the battle
seemed  to  be  tending to the left, about  noon I received  an order from the medical director of the department to remove my
hospitals in that  direction, which order was subsequently countermanded.   Accordingly they Avere restored to their original
position, and during the day  and night about one thousand tAvo hundred wounded were received into  these hospitals.  On Sunday
morning, September 20th, I directed the corps purveyor to issue his supplies  equally to each of the three  hospitals, to be used at
the discretion of the  surgeons in charge. Toward noon it was  discovered that the wounded ceased to come in, and that our
communication with  the army  Avas cut off.  The cavalry corps  only remained, which had been posted for the protection of the
hospitals and the right flank  of our line of battle.  At about two o'clock p. M., it became apparent that we were finally separated
from our forces, and that the cavalry Avas being sloAvly forced back upon us.  I then gave the order  to remove the hospitals over
the ridge to Chattanooga Valley.  Upon arriving there, I discovered it Avas  not prudent to stop short of Chattanooga, at wliich
place  all arrived  in  the course of the succeeding night.   The  enemy, I have since learned, Avas  in possession of the ground
occupied by our hospitals within  a few minutes  after Ave had left.  Every means of transportation was seized upon to cany aAvay
our Avounded,  and but about  two hundred were left behind.  Fourteen medical officers of the corps were detailed to remain and
attend to these and to the Avounded left upon the field,  and a liberal supply of hospital stores Avere left  for their use, besides a
number of  hospital tents, Avhich it AAras impossible to bring away.  On  Monday morning, by direction of  the medical director of
the department, I assisted in the  selection of a safe point beyond the Tennessee River for a general field  depot for the Avounded,
which Avas placed under  the  charge of Surgeon W. W.  Blair, 58th Indiana Volunteers, chief surgeon  of the 1st (Wood's)
division, and, at the present time, each division of this corps has its oyvn surgeons in  professional  charge of its own Avounded,
not sent forward to Bridgeport, all of Avhom are doing well.  The strictly professional report of this battle must necessarily be
very unsatisfactory in consequence of our having lost the field, and Avith it the severest Avounded in  the Sunday's fight.  The list
furnished by the division surgeons will be made out with all possible care, giving the location and character of Avound, etc.  The
firing was  chiefly musketry at  short range with conical ball.  The cannonading Avas not proportionally as severe as at Stone's
River.  The folloAving is a statement of the number of killed and Avounded reported in the  corps.  I am  of opinion that one
hundred and fifty in  addition will cover our losses: killed, officers, thirty-three; privates, two hundred and sixty-nine; Avounded,
officers, one hundred and forty-two; privates, two thousand and fifteen; total, officers, one hundred and seventy-five; privates,
tAvo thousand two  hundred and eighty-four, making an  aggregate  of two thousand four hundred and  fifty-nine killed and
Avounded.  I Avish to speak in terms of high commendation of the services rendered by Surgeon S. D. Turney, U. S. V., surgeon-
in-chief 3d (Van  Cleve's,) division, Surgeon W. W. Blair,  58th Indiana Volunteers,  surgeon-in-chief 1st  (Wood's,) division,
and Surgeon S. G. Menzies, 1st Kentucky Volunteers, surgeon-in-chief 2d (Palmer's) division.   The promptness Avith which they
located their hospitals and received and cared for the Avounded, and the efficiency they exhibited throughout, even to the final
removal of their hospitals and Avounded from  the dangers of capture, recommends them to your  high confidence.  Also, I am
desirous to speak of the  services of Assistant Surgeon B. H. Cheney,  41st Ohio Volunteers, and  corps  medical purveyor,
Avho Avas prompt in issuing his supplies  and rendering professional assistance to the wounded.  I know  of no case of neglect of
duty on the part of the regimental medical officers of this  corps; on the other hand, all evinced a desire to do their part well.
For special mention of such, and other matters  specially connected with the divisions, I beg to refer you to the accompanying
reports of the division surgeons.   In a feAV days, I expect to be able to forward a list of the names of the killed and wounded of
the corps.
                                      Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                                          A. J. PHELPS,
                                                               Surgeon  U. S. V., Medical, Director Twenty-first Army Corps.
  Surgeon G.  Perin, U. S. A., Medical Director Department of the Cumberland."
CCXXVI.   Extracts from a Report of the  Wounded of the First Division of the  Twenty-first
      Corps at the Battle of Chickamauga.   By Surgeon W. W. Blair, 58th Indiana Volunteers.

      *  *  *  " Our command inarched from Hillsboro', Tennessee, August 16th, by way of Pelham, passing over the mountains
to Sherman, hi the Sequatchie Valley, which point Ave left on September 1st, marching directly to Shellmound, by way of Jasper.
On September 5th, Ave left Shellmound and marched toAvard Chattanooga, following the line of the Memphis and Chattanooga
railroad.   On Sunday, September 6th, skirmishing Avith the enemy's pickets began and was continued during that day's march,
which left us within  eight miles  of Chattanooga.  There were, however, no  serious casualties  upon our side.   On Monday,
September 7th, a reconnoissance Avas made by Colonel  Harker's brigade, near to the point of Lookout Mountain, during which
Ave had one man killed.  On  Wednesday, the 9th instant, Ave entered and occupied  Chattanooga.   During our passage around
the  point of Lookout  Mountain there was considerable skirmishing, but no casualties to us.  On Thursday, the 10th  instant,
Ave  marched  out  on the Ringgold  road across the Chickamauga River.   On the  forenoon of the 11th instant, with one
brigade, Ave  advanced within  five miles of Ringgold, and, in  the afternoon  and night, Ave marched by a road intersecting the
Chattanooga and  Lafayette road  to Gordon's Mill on the Chickamauga  River.  Colonel  Harker's brigade having been sent
early in the morning on a reconnoissance on the Lafayette road by way of Rossville, a considerable force of the enemy's cavalry
was  driven  back across  the  Chickamauga Avithout  loss to us.   By tAvelve o'clock  at night our tAvo brigades Avere encamped 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON  W.  W.  BLAIR.
279
 at Gordon's  Mill, the enemy's camp-fires  in full  AneAV across the river, and a full division of his forces encamped at Crawfish
 Spring, tAvo  miles to our right.   On the 12th, 13th, and 14th, there were frequent skirmishes with the enemy.   On the 14th,
 a  member of the 64th  Ohio Volunteers Avas  Avounded in the  left forearm by a musket ball.   On the 15th, 16th, and 17th^
 there was frequent picket firing,  but generally at long range; hence there was no serious result to us.  On the 18th, it became
 very manifest that a battle was to take place, and, without delay, I  selected a location for a field hospital for this division in the
 vicinity of Crawfish Spring, one and two-thirds of a mile from the location of the command, and one-third of a mile from  the
 Bpring.   At ten o'clock a. m., I directed two medical officers from each brigade to take charge of the ambulance trains of their
 respective brigades, and of the musicians of the  various  regiments, Avhose duty it Avas to carry the  wounded from the field.
 Collecting the remainder of my  medical officers, their hospital attendants  and hospital wagons, I moved back to the ground
 selected for the hospital.  I at once had a sufficient space policed, and wood and water provided for any emergency.  Inasmuch
 as our command Avas  not  engaged that  day, our  camp  Avas not needed for ourselves; but late in  the evening we received
 fifteen Avounded men from the command of Colonel Wilder, reported to me by the acting brigade  surgeon, Samuel" E. Mumford,
 surgeon  17th Indiana  Volunteers.   The  most serious of these  Avounds Avas that of Lieutenant Drury, of the 17th Indiana
 Volunteers, from a cannon  ball,  requiring amputation of loAver limb two  inches above ankle.  Just at nightfall I received an
 equal number of Avounded  from  the command of Colonel Minty, Avho Avere properly cared for by  the  medical officers  of my
 command.  On  the morning of September 19th, I directed tAvo medical officers belonging to each brigade to take one-half of the
 ambulance train of their respective brigades and accompany the  command; the remainder of the ambulance train I kept in the
 vicinity of the hospital to meet any emergency that might arise.  During the afternoon, about half-past three o'clock, our situation
 seemed someAvhat hazardous, and, upon the medical director's advice, I had the entire encampment moved to a point more directly
 in the rear of Avhere the battle Avas then raging.  Later in the evening, Surgeon G. Perin, U. S. A., directed that  the wounded
 should all be taken to  CraAvfish  Spring or its vicinity, and I accordingly returned to the  ground I had left but  a few hours
 before.  I had  scarcely arrived there Avhen the Avounded of the 1st division  began to be brought in in large numbers, for they
 had late  in  the evening been engaged in a terrific fight.  By three  o'clock a. m. of the 20th, my camp contained  about four
 hundred  Avounded, about three hundred of Avhom Avere from my OAvn division.  Extensive fires Avere kept up all night, and my
 medical officers  and attendants labored faithfully to alleviate the unutterable suffering with which Ave Avere surrounded.   At an
 early hour on the morning of the 20th, I again sent out the usual number of medical officers, placing them in charge of every
 available ambulance in the command.   During the  forenoon all the remaining officers labored diligently and efficiently among
 the wounded.  About twelve m. I forwarded to Chattanooga about one  hundred and  fifty wounded men from my camp.   Forty
 of these, whose wounds were of the superior extremity, were able to walk; the remainder I sent by wagon.  By two o'clock p. m.
 our situation became very insecure; the entire force of infantry had been  AvithdraAvn from our front and sent far to the left,
 leaving us Avith  only a small force of cavalry as a guard.   At this time I received  an order to remove  as many of  the Avounded
 as possible to the Chattanooga Valley, Avith hospital property, etc., and to place medical officers in charge of such cases as were
 not transportable.  Accordingly I placed  Surgeon A. EAving, 13th  Michigan Volunteers, in charge  of the Avounded from this
 division, assisted by Surgeon William B. McGavran, 26th Ohio Volunteers, Assistant Surgeons Samuel E. Holtzman and W. A.
 DoAvney,  58th Indiana  Volunteers, and  Henry T. Woodruff, 100th Illinois Volunteers, leaving six hospital tents  and my own
 tent filled with wounded; leaving also ample hospital stores, and such rations as I had at my command.   After giving general
 directions as to the removal  of the Avounded, hospital property, etc., I  proceeded to Chattanooga Valley to assist in the selection
 of suitable ground for re-establishing the hospital.   On arriving there,  I learned that  transportation of all kinds was ordered to
 Chattanooga that night, and, upon advising with the medical director, I  determined to move forward to  that point with my entire
 hospital department.   On  arriving at  this conclusion, I immediately returned, and met my hospital Avagons and ambulances,
 each  filled to its utmost capacity  Avith Avounded, and accompanied with all the medical officers of my command not othenvise
 assigned,  all  moving toward Chattanooga in the general train.   At ten o'clock p. M. we arrived at the hospital in the vicinity
 of the town, where our wounded were made as comfortable as the circumstances Avould allow.  Early on the forenoon of Monday,
 the 21st instant,  leaving Surgeon J. M. Todd, acting brigade surgeon 3d brigade, in charge of the Avounded brought in the previous
 night, I took the usual  number of field  surgeons and all the ambulances at my command, and reported to General Wood upon
 Missionary Ridge, near Rossville.  A  renewal of the battle being  imminent, I at once made suitable disposition of the field
 surgeons,  ambulances, and  attendants, and returned to Chattanooga and made preparation for the  reception of the wounded;
 but, to  my great relief, none came  Avhich Avere of a serious character.  Early on the morning of the 22d, I was ordered  by
 Surgeon G. Perin, U. S. A., to cross the Tennessee River, select suitable ground,  and establish a general field hospital for the
 wounded of the  entire army. The selection of the ground which, Avith your assistance, I made, Avas two miles from the river,
 and in  the immediate  vicinity of the Bridgeport  road.   I then  placed Surgeon E. B. Glick, 40th Indiana Volunteers, acting
 brigade surgeon of the 2d brigade, in charge of  the  division, and  Surgeon J. M. Todd, 65th Ohio  Volunteers, acting brigade
 surgeon of the 3d brigade, in charge of our department of the general field hospital; appointing, also, Surgeon A. W. Hiese,
• 100th Illinois Volunteers, acting brigade surgeon of the 1st brigade, and Surgeon Abraham McMahon,  64th Ohio Volunteers, as
 operating  surgeons; and I  am happy to  say that the results from the operations performed by these gentlemen afford  ample
 eA'idence of their ability as surgeons.  A large portion of my time was  occupied in the executive department;  hence I Avas able
 to spend much less time among the Avounded  than  I desired. On October 1st, in obedience to your order, I  assigned Surgeon
 J. M. Todd to the charge of the general hospital for this division in Chattanooga, and, on the 3d instant, also in accordance Avith
 your order, I reported to General  Wood for duty, and have taken charge of the medical department of this division as heretofore.
 In behalf  of the  medical officers of this command, I  am gratified to say that they, each and all, faithfully complied Avith the
orders given  them  by me throughout the entire engagement, and especially in behalf of those officers Avhose duty it became to
remain  and care for our wounded avIio were left Avithin the rebel  lmes, does it give me pleasure to state that I hear from them
the very best reports.   Every soldier Avho  has  come Avithin our lines concurs  in the statement that they have done everything
that officers could do under the circumstances to enhance the comfort of our men.   The officers of the 2d brigade, although not
engaged in the  battle, have, under the direction of Surgeon  E. B. Glick, 40th  Indiana Volunteers, afforded valuable assistance 
230                       APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--WESTERN  ARMIES,  1863.

in the  care for our Avounded, and in  the  organization of our general hospital in town, which Avas done under the  immediate
supervision of  Surgeon E. B. Glick.  For statistics please see the accompanying report of killed and Avounded in the A-arious
regiments;  also  the  report furnished by Surgeon A. Ewing,  13th  Michigan Volunteers, from  the hospital  near CraAvfish
Spring."       *      *       *
CCXXVII.   Extracts from a Report  of  the Wounded of the  Second Division of the Twenty-
     first  Corps at the Battle of  Chickamauga.   By Surgeon S.  G.  Menzies,  1st Kentucky
      Volunteers.
      *  #  *  "On September 9th, 1863, the division  crossed Lookout Mountain, passed near Chattanooga, Tennessee, and
encamped at Rossville, five and one quarter miles from that town.   The morning of the 10th it moved forward southward in hot
pursuit of the enemy five or six miles  to Pea Vine Creek where the rebel cavalry, by a sudden dash on the extreme front,
raptured  fiffy-six men and two officers, and, strange to tell, not a single man on either side Avas killed or wounded.  Here we
stayed until next day, the 11th, and  marched to  Ringgold, Georgia, sixteen miles from Chattanooga.  On the morning of the
12th, moved across the country to Chickamauga River, at Lee's and Gordon's  Mill, and camped in a bottom.   During the day
had frequent skirmishes with the enemy; in one, took tAvo cavalry prisoners.  A general reconnoisance was made on the 13th,
but the rebels declined fighting.  Crossed the river and camped on the Fayetteville Road, one and a half to two miles beloAV the
mills.  The 2d and 3d brigades were marched from here the next day, 14th, across Missionary Ridge, six  miles to the Chatta-
nooga Valley road, at a  point nine and one-half miles from Chattanooga.   The 15th, crossed back  over  the ridge to the dry
valley, or MeLamore's Cove road, which was folloAved to the house of Mathews, six miles from Gordon's Mill and four miles
beyond CraAvfish Spring, where they were joined by  General Cruft with the  1st brigade.  Here the division rested until the
afternoon of the 17th, when it was moAed tAvo miles, near Crawfish Spring and four miles nearer the mill.  On the night of the
ISth it moved back to the ground occupied on the night of the 13th on the Chickamauga River and  Lafayette road, two miles
below the mill, Avhere it was destined to fight on the 19th and 20th.  By examining the geography of this  locality it Avill be
seen that we had been  marching back and forth over  the country Avithin a  circuit of ten or twelve miles for five or six days
reconnoitering the enemy.  During this time the troops were very much exposed to heat and dust, and the dews at night.  But
they kept up Avell and were in fine spirits for the battle.  On the morning of the 19th we pitched our hospital for Palmer's division
in a holloAV cove on the Missionary Ridge road, one mile from CraAA-fish Spring, and made preparations to care for the wounded.
The battle commenced about nine o'clock on the morning of the 19th; at twelve o'clock we had received two men at the hospital,
one slightly wounded from  the Sixth Ohio,  and a rebel prisoner whose arm was amputated.   At this time orders were received
from Medical Director A. J. Phelps, U. S. V., to move the hospital  nearer the lines, Avhich was done the distance of a mile, where
we received tAventy or thirty wounded before preparations could be made to take care of them properly.  At three o'clock it was
found the enemy would turn our left flank and expose us to a cross-fire, and we were ordered back to the first selected spot.
Before night upward of two hundred Avounded men were brought  from the field, which  number was  increased  to several
hundred  before tAvelve o'clock on Sunday, the 20th.  Just after twelve o'clock on Sunday, we were ordered to abandon the hospital,
taking with us all the Avounded that could be got off, and fall back  toward Chattanooga.   This order came  before  recording the
names, which was being done, could be finished.  By using every means that offered, a large portion of the wounded and many
of the stores were brought  aAvay and reached this place on the night of the 20th.  Twenty-three ambulances, containing upward
of ninety men, were cut  off from  the hospital  about the time we  abandoned it.  The ambulance masters struck through the
woods and joined us on Missionary Ridge, and  came also to  Chattanooga in safety.  The names of  these men Avere never
recorded  by us.  The number saved from the hospital, and those in ambulances just mentioned, will, I believe, make the number
Ave brought aAvay upward of four hundred.   When the last of our vehicles left, the enemy's cavalry were  within one-eighth  of
a mile of the hospital.  About thirty men were left with  four  medical officers, who are  doubtless in the hands of the enemy.
Surgeon A. M. Morrison, 23d Kentucky; Surgeon J. M. Cooke,  24th Ohio; Assistant Surgeon C.  P.  O'Hanlon, 90th Ohio; and
E. M. Ilowland, 24th Ohio.  Ten men avIio died of their  Avounds Avere left at the hospital unburied.  The wounds show a greater
proportion in the extremities than usual, and a very great proportion are slight.  Out of the whole number which are  reported
wounded, one thousand and tAventy-two, it is probable ninety per cent, will recover.  Killed,  one hundred and three; missing
thirty-six; total, eleven hundred and  sixty-one."       *      *       *
CCXXVIII.   Extract from a Report of the  Wounded of the Third Division of the Twenty-
     first   Corps  at  the  Battle  of  Chickamauga.    By  Surgeon  Samuel  D. Turney, U. S.
      Volunteers.
               "The accompanying report of the killed and wounded in the 3d division, TAventy-first Corps, is respectfully
submitted.  The report is very inaccurate for the folloAving reasons: that the repeated change of position of our portion of the
army early in the action separated the hospital from it, that many of our Avounded Avere unavoidably left upon the field, that the
removal of our hospital disturbed its organization, and that a portion of our medical officers  are uoav in the enemy's lines.  On
Saturday morning, the most suitable point for a field hospital, about one mile in the rear of our division, and  about the same
distance north of CraAvfish Spring, Avas selected, and, under charge of Surgeon B. M. Failor,  19th Ohio Volunteers, Avas rapidly
placed in order for the reception of wounded.  During the day, about five hundred Avounded from various divisions were received
and their wounds dressed.  On Sunday, Ave were  early cut off from communication AA'ith the army, and  after waiting as long
as could be done Avith safety, about  three o'clock in the afternoon, upon the recommendation of Surgeon  Phelps, the order Avas
given to moA-e the hospital.  It Avas necessary in making this movement to leave behind sixty wounded, and to abandon for their
comfort  a portion of our hospital stores.  To attend these and the wounded left upon the battle-field,  the following medical 
REPORTS  OF SURGEONS  JAMKS  AND  HART.                          281
officers were detailed and are now within the enemy's lines: Assistant Surgeons E. D. W. C. Wing, 51st Ohio Volunteers, W. G.
McFadden,  79th  Indiana Volunteers, N. G. Bell, 35th  Indiana Volunteers, John  K. Moore, 13th Ohio  Volunteers, Allen M.
Walton, 86th Indiana Volunteers.  The other medical  officers, Avith the transportable Avounded and hospital stores, reported in
Chattanooga, Sunday night.  The folloAving day, by direction of Surgeon G. Perin, U. S. A., medical director of the army of the
Cumberland, the  field hospitals of divisions Ave re merged into a general field hospital established on the  opposite side of the
Tennessee River.   All the wounded of the  division not sent to Bridgeport, eighty-four in number, are noAV  comfortably situated
at that point, under the charge of Surgeon  Thomas.  R.  W. Jed ray, 9th Kentucky Volunteers.   Without implying censure upon
the medical officers of my command, I Avould especially notice  for zeal, intelligence,  and industry,  Surgeons  Thomas  R. W.
Jeffray, 9th Kentucky Volunteers, B. M. Failor, 19th Ohio Volunteers, J. Jones, 86th Indiana Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeon
E. D. W. C. Wing, 51st Ohio Volunteers."      *      *      *
CCXXIX.   Extract from a Report on the Casualties in the Cavalry  Corps of the Army of the
      Cumberland at the Buttle of  Chickamauga.   By Surgeon L. A.  James, 4th Ohio Cavalry.
      *  *  *   ■•This report is necessarily very imperfect, OAving to the fact that the  command is now spread out a distance of
eighty miles up and doAvn the riA'er, guarding fords, and I have not, as yet, been able to get the official reports from the surgeons.
This command consists of two divisions divided into six brigades.  The 1st brigade, 2d division, was located near  Jasper, and
upon the army moving across the Tennessee River, at Stevenson, took its position as a guard to the left wing, under command of
Major General Crittenden.  The 2d brigade of this same  division Avas Avith the main body of cavalry at Stevenson.  The 3d
brigade of this division Avas stationed along the railroad between Nashville and Stevenson.  The main body of cavalry, composed
of the 1st division, and 2d brigade 2d division, crossed  the  river at Caperton's Ferry on September 8, 1862, and took up their
line of march over Sand Mountain to Valley Head. From thence Ave proceeded over  Lookout Mountain to Alpine, in Georgia,
where we first encountered the  rebel cavalry under command of General Wheeler.   We drove the enemy from his position with
small loss.  From this place Ave made reconnoissances to within ten miles of Rome, and three miles of Lafayette.  At  the latter
place Ave found the enemy in full force, both of infantry and cavalry.  From Alpine, we were ordered back on Lookout Mountain,
thence  to  proceed to Stevens's Gap, to guard the right Aving of the army, under command of Major General  McCook.   On
September 19th and 20th, the days Avhen the  battle was raging, the cavalry was at or near  CraAvfish  Spring, and fighting the
enemy continually, successfully holding  him hi check, and  being able to bring off all the trains.   In round numbers, the losses
of this command may be put down as folloAvs:  1st division, 1st brigade, five killed, eleven wounded; 2d brigade, six killed, nine
wounded;  3d brigade, ten killed, thirty Avounded.  Second  division, 1st brigade, eight killed, thirty-one Avounded;  2d brigade,
eleven killed, forty-one wounded.  Grand total, forty killed, one hundred and twenty-two wounded."             *
CCXXX.  Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon
      Samuel  Hart, U. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "I was assigned to duty May 30,1863, Avith the 16th United States Infantry, 3d brigade, 1st division, Fourteenth
Corps.  Following the enemy soutlrward in June, our brigade of regulars had a very successful and creditable engagement Avith
the enemy at Hoover's Gap.   The 16th United States Infantry losing three killed and  one wounded.  In the  late destructive
battle of Chickamauga, the brigade sustained the remarkable loss of about seventy-five per centum, in killed, Avounded, and
missing.  On one occasion the command held its position with such obstinacy as to be entirely surrounded.  The loss was greatest
in captured, only thirteen wounded of the 16th United States Infantry were brought off with us, the ground being held by the
enemy.  This battle compares Avell with Chancellorsville in extent and general results, but to the surgeon there are differences.
In the late battle there was a  comparatively small amount of artillery used, especially by the enemy; hence fewer shell injuries.
It appears a large number of musket round balls, and western rifles were used; of these tAvo, mostly the former, I found lodged
twenty-three,  of the minie ball, twenty-eight.  This, of course,  Avould not give the true proportion of the kind of arms used.
No time was alloAved here for  operations on the field, except a part of the first day, when water not being obtainable, the hospitals
had been established at inconvenient distances, particularly for the left wing.  I am of opinion that a less number of primary
operations were performed than after any engagement I have ever witnessed, and that the facilities  here are not equal to those of
the army of the Potomac for the prompt  and efficient care of the wounded.  Also that the allowance of the leading and  simple
articles of medicine are as much beloAV the requirements here as they have seemed, sometimes, too abundant elseAvhere.  The
difference to the proportion of sick was very considerable.  Carelessness in making requisitions, or difficulty in obtaining the regular
or special supplies, must account  for it of course.  I liked the plan of the brigade hospital wagon and supply."
CCXXXI.   Extracts from  a  Report  on  the  Hospitals  at  Chattanooga after  the  Battle  of
      Chickamauga.   By Surgeon Israel Moses, IT. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  ui repaired to Chattanooga and arrived on Friday, September 18th, with orders from Surgeon Perin, U. S. A.,
to prepare beds for three thousand wounded.  I found scant supplies for not  more than five hundred, and buildings capable of
holding that number, built by the Confederates and occupied as a hospital with about one hundred and fifty sick already in; also
a large building, two stories, built by the  Confederates as a receiving hospital, capable of holding one hundred and fifty.   These
buildings Avere without doors or windows, and destitute of every convenience.  A partial supply of medicines, blankets, furniture
and dressings was on hand,  estimated for  one thousand men, but deficient in  many articles.  I selected several buildings which
might be  converted into hospitals.  On Saturday, September 19th, an engagement took place about seven or eight miles distant,
and was  renewed with  great fierceness  during  the forenoon of the 20th, Sunday.  *.   *   Our wounded numbered over six
         36 
2S2
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—WESTERN  ARMIES,  1863.
thousand.   On this and the following day, as nearly as I can estimate, four thousand Avounded officers and men were received
and assigned to various buildings and private houses,  hotels and churches.   The folloAving general hospitals were established
during Sunday and Monday: No. 1, buildings on the hill, which received nearly one thousand; No. 2, receiving hospital at base
of hill, which received about three hundred; No. 3, Crutchfield Hotel, Avhich Avas taken  possession of and  accommodated on
beds and floors, about five hundred;  No. 4, three churches, Avhich held about two hundred; No. 5, lofts over buildings, occupied
as the commissary storehouses, which received about three hundred;  No. 6,  buildings opposite the above, which accommodated
four hundred;  No. 7, officers hospital No. 1, a large  brick building on a hill,  Avhich received one hundred officers; No. H, officers
hospital No. 2, a large private mansion, which received thirty-five; No. 9, private houses Avere taken late at night, and about one
hundred and fifty to tAvo hundred and fifty obtained shelter.  All the severe  cases Avere dressed the same night as they arrived,
and others the next day, and all received food, of Avhich many had been deprived for two days.  This work was performed by
a corps  of forty-three surgeons,  Avho reported to me either by order or as volunteers, of whom were four Confederate medical
officers.   About three-fourths of the wounds were flesh, or of a lighter character, the other  fourth being of the gravest character
inflicted by musketiy.  Fcnv shell Avounds, or by round shot, were seen, owing to the fact that little artillery  was employed by
the enemy.  On Monday the lighter cases were sent across the pontoon bridge, and on Tuesday others to the  number of nearly
three thousand.  The officers who could bear transportation  were  sent  in ambulances toward Stevenson.  On Wednesday not
more than eight hundred of the gravest cases remained in toAvn, and many of them have since been removed to  the camp hospital.
OAving to the establishment of division  hospitals, there remains under  my charge only Hospital No. 1, the Crutchfield Hotel, and
officers'  hospital.  Into these hospitals were received on the evening of  September 29th, about two hundred and fifty wounded,
who were brought in from  the Confederate lines.  Our hospitals are, at the present time,  crowded beyond their capacity, and
should they thus continue it would render a serious fear in my mind, that our operations Avould be unsuccessful.   I have performed
a large  number of amputations and resections in the several hospitals, all of which thus far promise well.   Operations have been
performed by various surgeons in charge of hospitals and on the field, Avith a fair amount of success thus far.  The amputations
haA'e been mostly by circular mode.   To this date, five cases of tetanus have come to my notice, but none of hospital gangrene or
erysipelas.  The general condition of the patients is good, but our hospitals are greatly in need of bunks and mattresses, at least
one-third of the grave cases being still  on the floor,  with  only a folded  blanket to lie on.  In vieAv of the increasing risk of so
many patients AA'ith suppurating wounds being crowded together, I Avould respectfully suggest an early provision for increased
accommodations by tents with flooring, and that new temporary pavilions be  constructed out of some incomplete buildings  south
of the railroad depot."     *      *       *
CCXXXII.   Extracts from  a  Report of the  Operations  of the  Medical  Staff of the Second
      and  Third Divisions of the Eleventh Corps at the Battle of  Wauhatchie.   By Surgeon D.
      G. Brinton, IT. S. Volunteers.
      *  *   *   " On the morning of October 28, 1863, the 2d and 3d divisions of the Eleventh Corps broke camp at Whiteside
Station on the Chattanooga  and Nashville railroad, and folloAved the wagon road that  leads over Raccoon Mountain into the
valley of Lookout Creek. An  engagement Avas anticipated at any  moment, and the chief surgeons of the divisions were
constantly on the lookout for the most favorable locations for a field hospital.  The command had no hospital tents, and but a
limited supply of medical stores and stimulants, and  ambulances afforded the only means  of transportation.   *  *  A slight
skirmish occurred in the  afternoon in Avhich Ave lost  one man killed and three Avounded.  *  *  During the  night the enemy
made an attack in force.   A field hospital Avas established in a convenient location Avith good supplies of Avood and water.  Fires
Avere lighted, candles procured, and a supply of straAV for bedding was obtained from a neighboring barn.  Operating tables Avere
made, and the hospital stores of the different regiments were collected at this point,  The whole was placed in charge of Surgeon
W. H. Gunkle, 73d Pennsylvania Volunteers.  When the firing ceased, the ambulances were put in motion for the scene of action
and plied to  and  fro until  daylight.  At  early dawn, I rode over the field and found but three Avounded remaining.   * *   At
the hospital, one hundred and nine Avounded were received, three of them were Confederates.  Four amputations were performed;
tAvo of the thigh, one of the arm, and one of the hand.   Eight patients died in the  hospital.  *  *  Orders were received during
the day to transfer the AA'ounded to the  general field hospital on the opposite bank of the river.  All  the wounds recorded Avere
by small arms, except some contusions and one shell Avound.  In such an action as this, if anywhere,  we would look for bayonet
Avounds.  Here was a charge, a hand-to-hand contest  literally.  Some of the contusions were given by clubbed muskets, and
more than one man took his prisoner after a mutual  set-to with fists. Not a bayonet wound is recorded.  I looked for them, but
neither saAV nor heard of any."      *      *       *
CCXXXIII.   Extracts from  a Report on the Hospitals of the  Second Division of the Twelfth
      Corps at the  Battle of Wauhatchie.   By Surgeon Z. E. Herbst, IT. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  " On the morning of October 29th, I selected, as a depot for the Avounded, a commodious house, situated about
one mile in the rear of our line, and which I observed during the close of our previous days'  march, as especially adapted for
hospital purposes, in case of an engagement in the vincinity.  I transmitted a description of the selection as quickly as possible
to the surgeons-in-chief of brigades, and to the medical officers  of the various regiments.  The amount of our  medical and
hospital stores Avas exceedingly limited,  and Avas composed of such articles as were absolutely demanded  for service in the field,
which I pressed into service from the medical purveyor's supply at Bridgeport, Tennessee.  These consisted of one box bandages,
one hundred yards of isinglass plaster, tAvo dozen beef stock, and one box candles.   My supply of chloroform was exceedingly
limited.   Our wounded Avere removed from the field Avith tolerable dispatch, considering the imperfect organization of ambulances,
which, fifteen in number, were borrowed from  the train of the  Eleventh Corps.  The  surgeons worked untiringly during the 
« 
Appeiuhx t Fait i.Med <4 Surg Ifotory of the fl_be.Hi
           MAP OF  THE

            VICINITY OF

CHATTANOOGA & CHICKAMAUGA


          J? Union Hospitals
Reduced iiom Map . o.S v.   . Survey.
    11  ■ i i   r
J.Bien, Pliotoiith. 
REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS  HERBST AND  PERIN.
283
entire night, dressing the wounded and making them comfortable, and we Avere prepared by daylight to perform primary
amputations, in all the severe cases requiring such treatment.  Having reported our position  and condition to the general  com-
manding the division, I Avas advised by him to remove the Avounded to some neAV location on the road leading from Wauhatchie
to Kelly's Ferry, on the Tennessee, as he apprehended an attack on the flank near which the hospital Avas located.  T proceeded to
act in accordance Avith the suggestion, and with my limited means of transportation, all the Avounded Avere removed to our second
location by four o'clock P. M., except two of the 137th New York Volunteers and five wounded prisoners.  As soon as the removal
of the Avounded Avas determined upon, Surgeon J. L. Dunn, 107th Pennsylvania Volunteers, volunteered to remain and superintend
the removal of the wounded, and to be taken prisoner if necessary in the performance of this duty.  Contrary to instructions and
to my understanding of the matter, he retired from his volunteered position before all Avere removed.  Those who remained as above
stated, Avere removed on the folloAving day and carefully provided for.  During the course of the morning of the 29th, Surgeon
G.  Perin, U. S. A., medical  director of the Army of  the Cumberland, visited us at the hospital of our second selection, and
observing our total deficiency of hospital tents and accommodations, suggested the propriety of sending our wounded to  a  field
hospital already organized, and situated one and  a half miles beyond the  pontoon bridge across the Tennessee at BroAvn's  Ferry.
A suggestion from such authority, and from one so well acquainted with  the nature of the accommodations offered, amounted to
an order, and I proceeded at once to act in accordance with it, and the Avounded Avere removed simultaneously from both hospitals
to the field hospitals across the river.  Dr. Perin promised to send me, immediately upon  his return, a number of ambulances to
assist in the speedy removal, but these failed to report.  I have understood since that they were  sent, but, through the careless-
ness of the officer in charge, they failed to find the location of our hospital.  In the meantime all the medical officers were diligent
in their endeavors to provide booths and shelter and refreshment for the Avounded, and dress their wounds and perform as many
primary operations as possible, talcing the severest cases first.  The organization of our hospital a\;is similar to that at Gettys-
burg, and each medical officer performed his duties Avith great  promptitude.  Surgeon E. Hutchinson's, 137th New York  Vol-
unteers, services  Avere  especially valuable in every department, and Surgeon A.  K.  Fifield, 29th  Ohio Volunteers, reported in
person upon tbe arrival of his regiment, and performed several operations Avith his usual skill.  On the morning of October 30th,
I visited Chattanooga to solicit the loan  of a sufficient number of  ambulances  to  remove the remainder of the wounded.  The
Aveather becoming very inclement from the abundant shoAvers that  fell almost without intermission, I procured other necessary
medical and hospital supplies, consisting of blankets, chloroform, lint, bandages, beef stock, &c, and a sufficient number of
ambulances to shelter the wounded from the rain and transport them to  Kelly's  Ferry, instead of the  field hospital, as before
suggested by Dr.  Perin.  This Avas done in accordance AA'ith  an order received from General Thomas  granting me the  power to
seize all buildings suitable for hospital purposes,  and collect all  the wounded and  have them forwarded by boat  to Bridgeport,
Tennessee.  They Avere made very comfortable  here,  and on  the  morning of November 1st, I shipped them  as directed to
Bridgeport in  tAvo barges under the care of Surgeon  J. D. McClure, 147th Pennsyh'ania Volunteers.   Considering  our  very
imperfect equipment for the field, I am happy to  announce to you that the wounded fared remarkably well and  received every
possible attention.  The number of casualties during the  battle of Wauhatchie as  per accompanying report amounts to  thirty-
four killed, one hundred and seventy-four wounded and ten missing; and we treated in our hospital  twenty-four  Avounded  pris-
oners; most of the latter were severely wounded. The enemy in their night attack used no artillery, and all the  wounds of our
men were made Avith the minie  ball, with the exception of  two.  I noticed no peculiarity  in the wounds received worthy of
mention, having been received alike in all parts of the body, no abatis or breastworks having been constructed.  Surgeon J.
Wolf, 29th Pennsylvania Volunteers, was appointed surgeon-in-charge, and Surgeon E. Hutchinson, 137th NeAV  York Volunteers,
recorder and assistant.  The operating staff Avas the same, in part, as at Gettysburg."

CCXXX1V.   Report of the Operations  of the Medical Department  at the  Battle  of  Chatta-
      nooga.    By  Surgeon  Glover Perin,  U. S. Army, Medical Director of  the  Army of  the
      Cumberland.
      " Sir :  I have the  honor to transmit herewith a list of the  killed  and wounded at the battle of Chattanooga.  As Avas
stated in my report of the conduct of affairs after the battle of Chickamauga, the battle of Chattanooga had long  been expected,
and preparations  for the care  of the wounded were made on as large a scale as the interests of the quartermaster, commissary,
and ordnance departments would permit.   The Avounded from the battle-field of Chickamauga had been transferred to the  rear,
except about two hundred of the graver cases; the hospitals  contained also two hundred and fifty sick.   As fast as the hospital
at Stringer's Spring had been vacated, the regimental hospital tents Avere returned to  the  commands  from Avhich  they  were
taken.  The toAvn of Chattanooga Avas divided into  districts, Avhich were assigned to the  three army corps.  Tents Avere pitched
near the buildings selected for hospitals, and bunks made from such materials as could be found.   A  large number of mattresses
and blankets Avere at hand.  These preparations I  deemed  as  complete and extensive as could  be made for the graver cases,
Avhile the winter cabins left vacant by the command answered for those slightly wounded.   These huts, though rudely constructed,
answered  an excellent purpose.  They were usually provided  with a chimney, sufficiently lighted  and well ventilated.  When
the first gun was fired, the medical officers were in the places assigned  them, ready to attend to their respective duties.  The
ambulance trains were well managed, and  did effective service,  though small, and the animals in bad condition  from the want
of forage.   Order and deliberation seemed to characterize  every  movement in this battle.   There was no  confusion.   The
wounded Avere quietly removed from the field each day, and conveyed to the proper hospitals, where  they received the attention
their cases required.  Soon after the battle the Aveather grew quite cold, and the rains continued frequent, so that the difficulty
of transferring patients to the rear  increased.  The road to  Kelly's Ferry became impassable, and the boats that now came to
the toAvn were not constructed in such manner as to afford shelter; nevertheless a feAV patients were sent Avhenever the Aveather
was pleasant.   By December 6th, the field hospital on the north side of the river Avas broken up, and the tents transferred and
erected upon a slightly elevated ridge bordering Chattanooga Creek, and about a mile from the toAvn.  This new site Avas selected
Avith a vieAV to permanency, and everything arranged accordingly.  As soon as it Avas ready for the occupation of patients, the 
2s4
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—WESTERN  ARMIES,  18(53.
 hospitals in the toAvn Avere relieved from their OA-ercrowded condition.   In the location of the field  hospital  reference was had
 to the contiguity of Avood, an important object during the Avinter, particularly Avhen, from the starved  condition of the animals
 it Avas found almost impossible to procure sufficient quantities for the hospitals in town.  The difficulty  of procuring suitable diet
 for the patients after this battle was not so great as was experienced after the battle of Chickamauga, yet it gave rise to no little
 trouble and  anxiety.  There was  still an obvious deficiency in  such articles of diet  as a careful surgeon would desire for his
 patients.   Owing to the inclement  weather and deficiency of hospital tents, we were obliged to use buildings as hospitals which
 were constructed for Avarehouses,  private residences, etc., and therefore not susceptible of proper ventilation.  Thus, it  will be
 observed, that  in the treatment of the wounded of this battle we had to contend against the  evils of prolonged Ioav temperature
 deficient nutrition, and defective ventilation of hospitals.   Surgeon F. H. Gross, U.  S. V.,  medical  director  of the  Fourteenth
 Corps, Surgeon A. J. Phelps,  U.  S. V., medical director of the Fourth Corps, and  Surgeon D. G.  Brinton, U. S.  V, medical
 director of the Eleventh Corps, were active and efficient in the performance of their duties.   I would  respectfully invite attention
 to their reports, herewith transmitted, for minor details of  the conduct of officers  in  their respective corps.   Assistant Surgeon
 Dallas Bache, U. S. A., assistant medical director, yvas present, and rendered valuable service.
                                        Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                                              G. PERIN,
   To  the Acting Suegeon General U. S. Army."                              Surgeon U. S. A., Medical Director.

 CCXXXV.  Report on the  Operations of the Medical  Department at  the  Battle of Chatta-
       nooga.   By  Surgeon John  Moore, U.  S.  Army,  Medical  Director of  the  Army of  the
       Tennessee.
       "General: The following  report of the battle of  Chattanooga, as far as participated in by the army of the Tennessee, is
 respectfully submitted.  This  long delay is owing to  the fact that, from the day folloAving  the battle  to January 1st, Ave were
 constantly on the march, and that in  one Aveek  afterward I Avas  ordered  on business to  Vicksburg  and Memphis, and only
 returned  on  February 2Gth.   At the time I left, the reports of casualties from  division surgeons had  not been received.  The
 troops engaged in the battle were four divisions, forming the Fifteenth Corps, under the  command of Major General  W. T.
 Sherman, and making an  aggregate of twenty thousand men.  After the surrender of Vicksburg these troops Avere encamped
 along the Big Black River about twenty miles in rear of the toAvn, a locality considered by the inhabitants to be  very unhealthy.
 The percentage of sick in this command has been, throughout the summer, higher than that of the troops stationed in Vicksburg.
 On September  28th, they Avere put on transports and brought to Memphis.   All serious cases of sick had been  previously  sent
 on board the hospital steamers R. C. Wood and Charles McDougal, both of which  arrived before the embarkation.  On arrival
 at Memphis,  all avIio were not able to undergo a march  of tAventy miles a day Avere  ordered to convalescent  camp or hospital.
 From Memphis a portion of the command went by rail to  luka, one hundred and twenty miles, and the remainder marched.  On
 October 27th, orders were received to cross the Tennessee River at Eastport, and march to Chattanooga by roads on the north or
 Avestem side.   The  route was through Florence, Alabama, Fayetteville and Winchester,  Tennessee, to Bridgeport, Alabama, the
 point at which  the Memphis and Charleston railroad crosses  the Tennessee River, and thence to Chattanooga, Avhich was readied
 on November 23d.  The command, Avithout crossing, moved four miles up and camped on the Avestern side.  The country marched
 through Avas fertile, Avell cultivated, and beautifully variegated.  Supplies Avere found of  all  kinds in abundance, and were freely
 taken.  As a result of this, the whole command  had very much improved  in health.   Several hundred men, who, on  the
 beginning of the  march, were found unable to keep Avith the column  and had to be carried in the ambulances, were noAV in
 A-igorous health.  Before daylight on November 24th, one division had crossed the river, and thrown up intrencbments to serve
 as a tete-du-pont for the pontoons.  This Avas begun at daylight, and completed before noon,  Avhen  the Avhole corps crossed, and,
 forming on the  eastern side, marched in three columns to the attack  of that part of Missionary Ridge,  immediately to the Avest of
 Tunnel Hill.   The hill Avas in  our possession before four o'clock in the afternoon, Avith no other casualty than a severe flesh
 Avound in the arm of General Giles Smith.  Up to this time it had not been decided Avhether the hospital should be established on
 the eastern or Avestern  side of the river.  The great convenience of having them on the  same side as  the troops engaged Avas, of
 course,  obvious;  but it Avas feared they would be under fire.   But Avhen Ave had possession of a  portion  of the  ridge,  and
 saAV the range of the enemy's shot,  it Avas decided to place hospitals in suitable positions near the bridge, about five miles above
 Chattanooga, and two in rear of our line of battle.  Directions to this effect Avere given to the division surgeons,  and the Avagons
 and  ambulances containing the regimental hospital tents and hospital property were driven to the  points indicated, and their
 erection pushed forward as rapidly as  possible.  About nine o'clock the following morning, portions of the corps were constantly
 engaged near the rebel intrenched  position at Tunnel Hill, from this time until about four in the afternoon, with short intervals,
 ami on the close approach of our troops to  the enemy's intrencbments, great numbers were killed and  wounded.  As soon as the
 action  commenced, the ambulances, of Avhich there were tAvo to  a regiment, Avith  their  stretcher-bearers, were  sent out  to the
 front.  OAving to the fact that the firing of the enemy Avas nearly parallel with  the  direction of the ridge, the  ambulances came
 safely to the foot of it, thus getting  much nearer than  is usual during the continuance of an engagement, and in this way greatly
facilitating the removal of the Avounded.  On the return of the ambulances to their respective divisions,  the Avounded Avere taken
in charge by the surgeons detailed for that  purpose.  These Avere organized substantially on  the plan  adopted  more than  a year
since by Surgeon J.  Letterman, U.  S. A., and found to work Avell in the  army of the Potomac.  One medical officer was retained
Avith each regiment,  who, Avith  hospital knapsack and pocket case, Avas prepared to attend to  cases  requiring immediate care, and
 to direct such as were slightly Avounded the Avay to the field hospital.  All the wounded were brought off before night, except  a
 small number Avho fell so near the rebel intrenchments that they could not be reached.  But all these were brought off before ten
o'clock that night, when it was found that the enemy had abandoned his position.  Several of the regiments had large medicine
Avagons, Avhich, although ill adapted on account of their  great Aveight  for marches over bad roads, yet on this occasion, were
found of very great service.  The cooking  stoves and  operating tables were at once put to important  uses.   A sufficient amount 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  MOORE,  U.  S.  A.
285
of beef essence, and  all needed stimulants Avere on hand for use during the day, and, on the following day, a large supply of
both these important  articles, together with one thousand two hundred blankets, arrived from Nashville in charge of a medical
officer, Avho had been dispatched for that purpose a Aveek before the battle.   Straw was found in abundance in the neighborhood,
and the tents being thickly littered with it made a comfortable bed, Avhich Avas improved in all severely injured cases, by spread-
ing a blanket or gutta-percha cloth over the straw and laying the wounded  man on this.  In two of the divisions the tents were
inadequate for the accommodation of their wounded, and temporary shelters, made of lumber taken from vacant buildings in the
neighborhood, Avere improvised, which answered the purpose very Avell.  The weather for the first tAvo or three days after the
battle Avas Avarm and clear, and fires Avere not needed to make the hospitals comfortable.  This time Avas improved to the utmost
in extending and improving the  appliances for cooking,  by the  erection of temporary kitchens out of poles, and covering  them
with tent flies or boards, as Avell as in collecting from houses in the neighborhood such large pots as were not essential for the use
of the  inhabitants.  It should be added here that these articles Avere either returned to the owners or left on breaking up the
hospitals.  At the same time lumber was collected for the construction of bunks or forms to raise the men from the ground, and,
in a feAV days,  enough of these were made to accommodate all Avho Avere so severely hurt as to be compelled to keep their beds.
On these bunks sacks filled Avith  straw Avere  laid, thus making a very comfortable bed.   On  the  day following the battle, the
corps Avas ordered in pursuit of the retreating enemy, and all the medical officers that could be spared from the hospitals  were
ordered aAvay Avith their respective regiments.  As another engagement was expected, the details for hospitals, both as to medical
officers and attendants, Avas much more limited than would have been if no  advance had been made, and for this reason the  more
credit is due to the surgeons in charge for getting their men quite comfortable with what, under ordinary circumstances, would
be considered inadequate assistance.   Supplies composed of the ordinary  soldiers' ration were obtained from  Chattanooga.   This
Avas varied and improved during the first ten days by additions in the Avay of mutton, chickens, and beef brought  in by enter-
prising foraging parties from the surrounding country. These predatory excursions Avere then stopped by orders from the depart-
ment commander.  About eight days after the battle, the Aveather became very cold, and as heating stoves were not to be had, other
expedients for warming had to be resorted to.   Where brick Avas obtainable it was used for the construction of chimneys or flues,
and Avhen this failed chimneys Avere built of sticks and mud, or flues made  through the tents by digging a small trench from the
outside through the tent terminating from five to eight feet beyond the opposite side.   This trench was then covered with flat stones,
an inch or two of earth throAvn over these, and a chimney or flue some eight or ten feet high erected at one end, and the fire made
in the other.  Where railroad iron can be procured, as often occurs, the rails may be used instead of stones to make the top of
the flues.  When properly covered with  clay, this makes an admirable  heating  arrangement; the same flue  then  can be run
through several tents.  The  hospital under charge of Surgeon  Joslyn, U. S. V., Avas considered by many who saw it as one of
the best they had seen in the field; he displayed uncommon energy and aptitude in conducting it.   Very much  credit is due
Surgeon E. O. F. Roler, 55th Elinois Volunteers, acting inspector Fifteenth  Corps, Avho was ordered back from the march to have
a general supervision of all the division  hospitals, as Avell as to Assistant Surgeon D. L. Huntington, U. S.  A., who has been in
my office as assistant medical director since July last, and who, arriving the day after the battle, was ordered to remain and assist
in looking after the hospitals.  His zeal and intelligent industry, as well as  his acquaintance with most of the staff officers of the
department of the Cumberland, through  whom supplies for our wounded were necessarily obtained, enabled him to render very
important aid to those in immediate charge.  On the morning of the 25th, I  met Dr. Newberry, of the  U. S. Sanitary Commission,
who kindly offered many luxuries for the Avounded that were not obtainable elsewhere, and of course the offer Avas thankfully
accepted.  And, while  speaking of this, I may add, that it has often been  my experience  in  this department to find the  U. S.
Sanitary Commission prepared to furnish hospitals, not only Avith luxuries, not to be expected from the subsistence department,
but Avith vegetables of an indispensable character, as potatoes and dried fruits, which Avere not to be had of the commissaries for
the reason as alleged, they could not be brought through for want of  transportation.  This was the case for months in Vicksburg
last summer, and is true of this place at the present time.  It is mortifying to be dependent upon an outside charitable organiza-
tion for important supplies, acknoAA'ledged to be a legitimate  part of  the  ration.   The three  division field hospitals established
above Chattanooga were continued for twenty-five days after the battle.  The success of treatment in these hospitals was much
more gratifying than in those established in houses in Chattanooga, to Avhich the Avounded of the army of the Cumberland Avere
taken.  Erysipelas, hospital  gangrene, and other adynamic diseases  prevailed among those to an enormous extent, while in the
field hospitals there Avas not a single case of gangrene, and but one slight one of erysipelas.   This immunity in the wounded of
the Fifteenth Corps Avas probably due to tAvo  causes.  In the first place, it has been proven by experience on many occasions in
this Avar, that men recover more rapidly from Avounds when placed  comfortably in tents, where they get an abundance of fresh
air, than in such  hospitals as are usually improvised from the houses  of a toAvn, taken promiscuously; and probably quite as Avell
as in the majority of  our general hospitals, where it is almost impossible to prevent more or less contamination of the atmosphere,
into which evaporations are continually passing from  a large aggregation of open suppurating wounds.  In the second place, the
men of the army of the Tennessee, although,  exposed  to malarious influences during  the preceding  summer,  had entirely
recovered from its effects, during their long march from Memphis, through a fruitful and interesting country; they went into the
battle in vigorous health, and exultant from previous military successes;  whereas, the army of the Cumberland, after the repulse
at Chickamauga and return to Chattanooga, in addition to very arduous  duties, was, for many days, on reduced rations; for
several days in fact, corn on the ear was issued in lieu of bread or flour.  The  1st division of the  Fifteenth Corps having been
separated from the rest of the command by the accidental breaking of a pontoon bridge across the Tennessee River, Avas attached
to the command of General  Hooker, and fought at Lookout Mountain on  the 24th, Missionary Ridge on the 25th, and at the
mountain pass near Ringgold, Georgia, on the 27th.   The field hospital Avas established below Chattanooga, near the scene of the
first day's fight, and  all the Avounded except about1-thirty, Avho  were sent to the hospitals  in the toAvn, Avere sent to this  place
from the three battles in which the division Avas engaged.   On the return of the different divisions from the pursuit, the hospitals
were relieved of all cases that could be taken care of in the regiments.
      Through the kind assistance of Surgeon G. Perin, U. S. A., medical director, army of the Cumberland, the little steamers
on the river Avere put at the disposal of Surgeon E.  O.  F. Roler, 55th Illinois Volunteers, who Avas then superintending our 
 286                        APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—WESTERN  ARMIES,  1803.

 hospitals, and permission being given to send all cases to the hospitals in Nashville that were in condition to be sent.  During the
 21st and 22d of December, these Avere sent on board the boats to Bridgeport, accompanied by nurses and medical officers.  At
 Bridgeport they were taken in ambulances to the receiving field  hospital of that place, and in  a day or two sent by comfortable
 hospital cars to Nashville.  The kindness, patience and care sIioavii  to the Avounded  by the surgeons and nurses on these cars
 excited my admiration.   Those not in condition to be sent to  Nashville, Avere sent  to the camp hospital near Chattanooga
 established by Surgeon Perin, Avhere they could be much more  easily supplied; surgeons and attendants  were sent with them'
 Some of the surgeons shoAved skill in the performance of operations, and, on the whole, as well as I could ascertain, this part of
 their duties was very well performed.   None were permitted to  operate but those previously selected, for their known  or  pre-
 sumed knowledge hi this  branch  of surgery.   No cases of tetanus have been reported.   Chloroform Avas administered in all
 except two of the important operations performed.   Two amputations of the thigh appear from the tabular report to have been
 performed without anaesthetics.  No reason for this has been assigned.  It is probable  the shock was so great as, in the  opinion
 of the surgeon, to render  its administration hazardous.   This  objection I believe is  not considered valid by the  majority of
 good authorities.  No casualty resulted from its administration in one hundred and thirty-six cases.   Sixteen cases of secondary
 haemorrhage occurred.  The attempts at conservative surgery in  wounds of the knee-joint were not encouraging.  Of  sixteen
 cases reported as occurring in the  2d, 3d and 4th divisions, seven underwent primary amputation, and seven were treated Avithout
 amputation.   On the 25th day, one case not amputated had died, and but two were reported as favorable for recovery without
 loss of leg.  From these same divisions I have received the folloAving tabular summary of important operations, giving results up
 to 25th day after battle.   It Avas compiled by Surgeon Roler, 55th Illinois Volunteers, in general charge of the hospitals.   Ampu-
 tations of leg, seven;  of which  six yvere primary and one secondary operations; one  death resulted from primary operations-
 amputations of thigh, twenty-one; of which seventeen Avere primary and four secondary operations; three deaths resulted from
 primary and  two  from secondary operations.  Amputations of arm and forearm, twenty-one; of which nineteen were primary
 and two secondary operations; one death resulted from secondary operation.  On the whole there was as little suffering from delay
 or want  in  this battle as is likely to ever occur;  and this is due to the folloyving causes:  The day was fine; the roads  for the
 ambulances good; those in charge of bearing off the Avounded did their duty; the battle was expected;  began in the morning  and
 terminated before night; the hospital  tents were ready before the wounded began to arrive; and supplies sent for to Nashville
 arrived at the proper time;  and lastly, Surgeon G. Perin, U. S.  A., medical director army of Cumberland, was ever prompt to
 furnish anything he had to spare from his own supplies.  I regret that the surgical statistics I send are so meagre and unsatis-
 factory.  Where the medical force left in the  hospitals  is barely sufficient to attend to the wants of those under their care, it
 requires more zeal in the interests  of science, and generally more knowledge of what is of interest to note, than is found  among
 the majority of army surgeons, to induce them to keep any intelligent record of important cases.  In future I hope to improve the
 report in this respect by directing special attention to certain classes of wounds, and if possible, have some man of known fitness
 to overlook, and  endeavor to excite some little  interest, even among the indifferent; but I cannot work miracles, and shall not
 pledge myself to accomplish a great  deal.  In  three of the  western States, surgeons  are  admitted and assigned to regiments
 yvithout any form of examination whatever.  Of course among these are men whose ignorance is disgraceful to the profession, and
 whose stupidity and blunders tend to cast a stigma upon the whole medical staff of the army. Very much is lost for want of men
 of sufficient professional intelligence to know what  to observe particularly, and also for lack of industry to record their obser-
 vations.  And yvhile on this subject I would respectfully suggest that, In my opinion, the form of tabular  statement  of gunshot
 wounds furnished from  the office in Washington, is, in some respects, susceptible of improvement, a single case may appear as
 three or four, if he  have, as often happens,  as  many yvounds in different parts  of the body.   Surgeon C. W.  McMillin   1st
 Tennessee Volunteers, medical director Fifteenth Corps, in his report says the yvant of proper instruments for exsections is very
 much felt by the operating staff, and very properly suggests the propriety of furnishing a complete case of exsecting instruments
 to each surgeon-in-chief of a division. . At present, I believe they are only furnished to medical officers of the regular  army.   As
 an addendum to this  report, I yvill complete the history of the corps up to December 31st, 1863.  As before stated, the pursuit
 of the rebels was taken up the morning after the battle; this was continued for two days, with occasional unimportant skirmishing
 with  the enemy's rear guard, yvhen the pursuit  was abandoned.   Two divisions were  then  ordered  back to vicinity of Chatta-
 nooga; and the other two, in conjunction with the Eleventh Corps, under General  Howard, and part of the Fourth, under General
 Gordon Granger, were ordered to march as rapidly as possible to Knoxville to relieve General Burnside, who was closely besieged
 by Longstreet.  The distance was one hundred and twenty miles;  the troops had but three days' rations, and the Eleventh and
 fifteenth Corps were almost without tents or camp and garrison  equipage of any kind.  The weather turned very cold, and for
 severa  days the roads were frozen  hard.  The march was made.   The siege was abandoned the day before our arrival, and on
 the following day the  return march began.   On December 20th, arrived at Chattanooga, after a continuous  march of eighteen
 days.   I he three days' rations were made to answer for eighteen by being eked out from the forced contributions of the farmers
 m the beautiful and fertile valleys of East Tennessee.  On  the return march several hundred men were entirely barefooted.  The
 yveather was cold, and the roads frequently frozen during the forenoon.  NotAvithstanding this, but few of them complained or
 asked to be relieved  from marching.  A truthful account of their heroic fortitude would place them on a level with the soldiers
 of the Revolution, of  whose patriotism we have such gloyving accounts, because a few of them were barefooted when the ground
 was  covered with snow.   Supplies were obtained at Chattanooga, and the march continued to  Huntsville, Alabama, wliich was
reached January 1, ldG4.  Since October 1st,  this corps has marched not less than seven hundred and fifty miles;  and notwith-
 standing all these seeming privations and fatigues, came into camp with but few sick; and that all  the exposure these troops
underwent has had no depressing or unhealthy tendency, is proven by the fact that the ratio of sick for January and February
has been less than five per cent.  Accompanying the  report is a topographical map of that part  of the battle-field embraced
in  the operations of the army of the Tennessee, except in the 1st division, Avhich was accidentally detached as before mentioned.
                                                                                        JOHN MOORE,
  r-        c.                                    Surgeon U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Department of the Tennessee.
  To .iik Si kgeox General  lr. S. Army." 
REPORT  OF'ASSISTANT  SURGEON  BACHE,  U. S.  A.
287
 CCXXXVI.   Extracts from a  Memoranda of Events  in  the  Campaigns of the Army of  the
      Cumberland about Chattanooga.   By Assistant Surgeon Dallas  Bache, U. S. Army.

      *  *  *  "The headquarters of the army left Murfreesboro', Tennessee, June 25,1863, marched tAvelve miles to Big Spring
 Branch, camped at night, and next day, the 26th, marched to Beech Grove, on the Manchester road.  During this time we had
 a skirmish at Hoover's Gap.  Previous to this time the main body of the enemy had  been camped at Shelbyville, with divisions
 throyvn  out  to  Wartrace and Fairfield.   Skirmishing constantly occurred betyveen  our cavalry  and that of the enemy toyvard
 Murfreesboro'.  Their cavalry occupied Hoover's Gap, Liberty Gap, and Guy's Gap.  Hoover's  Gap was occupied, after some
 skirmishing by  Wilder s mounted infantry, and Liberty Gap yvas taken also by Johnson's division of infantry.  Enemy fell back
 and yve took one hundred prisoners, but lost some three or four hundred men.   We  had  about four hundred and twenty-three
 killed and yvounded.  These yvere sent back to  Murfreesboro' in  ambulances immediately.  At Murfreesboro' the general field
 hospital, under  charge of Surgeon J. Y. Finley, 2d Kentucky Cavalry, had capacity  for about two thousand beds.   The design
 of Rosecrans yvas to make a heavy feint toyvard  Shelbyville, occupy the enemy's attention, and then hurry the mass of his troops
 to Manchester, 'and outflank the enemy's base of supplies at Tullahoma, yvhich he  wished to hold.   Crittenden's corps  had
 marched in an easterly  direction to Woodbury, intending to reach Manchester by the  old Fort Nash dirt road, but they found no
 enemy and returned to  Manchester.  Previous to these marches the weather had been dry, but from the very day of the march
 rain had set in and had steadily continued.   Headquarters  reached Manchester about June  29th.   There yvas no further
 skirmishing until yve reached Manchester.   Staid there tyvo days;  then skirmished lightly toward Tullahoma.  On July 3d, the
 enemy yvere discovered  to have evacuated this place.  They had fallen back here from Shelbyville in advance of our troops,
 they having the advantage of a good pike, yvhile we moved on dirt roads.  We occupied  Tullahoma on the  morning of the 3d>
 as they left, carrying off everything yvith them.   It  is  a place  of about five hundred inhabitants, having a railroad station.
 We then occupied .the hotel yvith about  one hundred and twenty beds, as a hospital, just vacated from the same use by the
 enemy.  The enemy retreated to the crossing of Elk  River at Estelle Springs, and  also to Winchester, on  the same river,  and
 crossed, our men following to the river.  The enemy burned the Elk road bridge.   We, three divisions only,  also crossed.   Had
 some slight  resistance at fords.  Lost a feAV men, who were carried back to Tullahoma.  Part of our forces, General Thomas's
 Fourteenth Army Corps, moved up to Pelham, in  the hope of intercepting the enemy in his  retreat to Tracy City, but failed.
 During  this time, before  the retreat of the enemy from  Tullahoma, Colonel Wilder's mounted  infantry had been sent to cut
 the railroad south of Tullahoma, in reality to destroy the bridge at Elk River, but finding that heavily guarded, they struck the
 road at Tantalon and cut it, only injuring it slightly.   The  enemy retreated leisurely by way of Decherd and Tracy City to
 Sequatchie Valley, and one column  by Crook Creek Valley to Stevenson, and  crossed the river at Bridgeport, destroying
 the railroad bridge, and then they all concentrated at  Chattanooga.  Our movement:  Sheridan's division to Stevenson  and
 Bridgeport;  Crittenden's Corps  to McMinnville,  and the balance staid  at  Decherd and Winchester  because  our  railroad
 communications were imperfect, and yve had to rebuild the bridges at Elk  and Duck rivers.  Headquarters laid at Tullahoma
 from July 3d until about July 15th, or later, say August 1st, and then moved to Winchester about middle of August.  About
 August  28th or 29th, the bulk of army concentrated at  Stevenson, except the Twenty-first Corps, Crittenden's, which having
 previously concentrated at McMinnville,  began its march to the  Tennessee  by  the  yvay of Dunlap and Jasper,  doAvn the
 Sequatchie Valley. At the same time the department headquarters were established at Stevenson.  The accommodation of the
 sick at this point, and the necessity of confining ourselves to this railroad terminus for the chief depot of yvounded in case of an
 immediate action, required the prompt establishment of a field hospital, the buildings  in the toyvn  being every way objectionable.
 To do this it was necessary to break up the field hospital at Murfreesboro' entirely,  transferring  the patients to Nashville, and
 bringing all the hospital material to Stevenson.   In  this way beds for eighteen hundred patients yvere readily supplied.  A
 smaller field hospital yvas also established at Bridgeport, for the temporary care of the sick of such troops as might cross at or
 near that point.  Each'corps had been supplied with ample reserve stores of medicines, etc., sixteen extra hospital tents, and
 such articles as  could be transported.   This supply yvas not for the current wants of the command, but to be used only in an
 emergency.  On September 5th, the various corps commenced the movement across  the Tennessee at  points primarily ordered.
 Pontoon bridges had been successfully throyvn  across the river at Bridgeport and Caperton's  Ferry.  The Fourteenth  and
 Tyventieth Corps crossed at Caperton's, while most of the Twenty-first Corps crossed at Bridgeport, and a portion of it  yvas
 ferried over to Shell Mound.   Department headquarters moved on the morning of the 6th, crossing at Bridgeport, and encamped
 for the night about fifteen miles from Trenton.   The Tyventieth Corps had moved up  the Lookout Valley to Alpine, with a vieyv
 to threaten the rear of the Confederate forces in Chattanooga, yvhile with the same object the Fourteenth Corps intended to pass
 through Stevens's  Gapynto MeLamore's Cove.   In the meantime the Twenty-first Army Corps had moved along the line of the
 railroad toward Chattanooga, thus engaging the attention of the enemy at home.  The cavalry  had also been sent to Alpine,
 pushing on in the direction of Rome.   On the 7th headquarters reached Trenton, yvhere it remained until the morning of the  9th,
 when the enemy having evacuated his position at Chattanooga, it was removed to that point.   During this time, since the
 crossing of the river, there had been but little sickness, most of the sick remaining with their commands, but few requiring to be
 sent to the rear.  Immediately after the occupation of Chattanooga, orders were issued for the preparation of one thousand beds
 in the various buildings in the toyvn, some of which had  been previously constructed and used by the  Confederates for hospital
 purposes;  but as this communication was as yet both long and difficult, much difficulty and delay yvas experienced in obtaining
 even a meagre supply of things the most needed.
      The Fourteenth and Tyventieth Corps in debouching  into the valley in the east of the Lookout Range, found themselves
 confronted by the enemy in  superior force, and were, in  turn, obliged to withdraw through the  gaps, and, marching.doyvn the
Lookout Valley, to recross the mountains nearer Chattanooga.  The Twenty-first Corps yvas at this time moved out to Ringgold,
in order to effect a junction with  the remainder of the army.   The enemy at this time being  reinforced, had turned his face to
the north and offered battle, moving with the intention  of turning our left and gaining the  main route  through Rossville to
Chattanooga.   Headquarters  moved >n the  16th to  Gardner's Mills, remaining  there until the  morning  of the 18th, when 
288
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--WESTERN  ARMIES,  1863.
the battle of  Chickamauga opened.  During the stay at Gardner's, as  a battle yvas certain, orders yvere  issued to the medical
directors of corps directing the proper disposition of supplies, and the immediate selection of positions suitable for the temporary
field hospitals.   This selection yvas the more difficult as this country yvas poorly Avatered, and the changing nature of the battle
might  leave the hospitals of one day too far to the right in the next.   CraAvfish Spring, affording a large and excellent supply
of yvater, yvas designated as the position of the hospital on the right, then held by part of the Twentieth and Twenty-first Con is,
the medical director of the Fourteenth Corps choosing for his divisions such points as his judgment dictated  and circumstances
required.   During the battle of the  18th, headquarters was situated at Widoyv Glenn's, only changing yvhen, on the  19th, the
right wing being drayvn back, it was removed to Chattanooga.  Our loss during the engagement of the first day yvas probably
five thousand ;  on the second, five thousand five  hundred.  On the night of the  18th, it being found  impracticable to find proper
places  in the centre and  left for the hospitals,  the officer commanding  ordered all the  yvounded to be  removed to  Crayvfish
Spring, giving directions at the same time that all empty wagons should be drayvn to that point, loaded yvith  sick and yvounded
and thence sent to Chattanooga.  But few of the yvounded of the battle of the 20th reached this point, as the enemy turned and
forced  back our right a few hours after the  action commenced, cutting off all access to that portion of the field.  The cavalry
under  Brigadier  General R. B. Mitchell had been ordered to protect  the  yvounded at the depot  of Crawfish Spring, and
remained there faithfully until  the morning  of the 21st, repulsing all attempts  of the enemy to force their position and prevent
the removal of  the yvounded.   As soon as the rout of the right occurred, orders  yvere given by Surgeon Perin, medical director,
to load all ambulances, and seek as many of the wounded as possible by the Rossville road  and send them to Chattanooga,
yvhich  order  yvas faithfully obeyed, only such of  the yvounded remaining on the field as would not bear transportation.  On  the
evening of the 20th, the army retired in good  order to Rossville, and on  the  21st, assumed their position around Chattanooga,
throyving up  rough lines of defence, consisting of rifle-pits and barriers of logs and earth.   Our loss in this series of actions yvas
about  sixteen thousand, of whom  eleven thousand Avere killed and Avounded, and the remainder  taken prisoners.   All  lists
of killed are  of necessity very inaccurate,  as it Avas found impossible to separate those supposed  to be killed from those reported
missing.  In  many instances those reported killed in the report of the  assistant adjutant general Avere found either in  the
hospitals  or  among the number  of wounded subsequently exchanged by the  enemy.  The force  engaged  in this battle  was
probably forty-six thousand infantry and artillery, and six thousand cavalry.  The force of the enemy was estimated at seventy-
five thousand of all arms, and his loss at eighteen thousand, of whom tyvo thousand and  three were prisoners.  In the removal
of the  Avounded from CraAvfish Spring, those Avhose injuries were mortal, or too serious  to allow the fatigue of transportation,
yvere left behind in charge of the medical officers  stationed at that point.  Fifty-two surgeons and assistant surgeons Avere
detailed for this purpose, and the yvounded remaining numbering two thousand, they found constant employment.  Most of the
hospital tents that had been in use at this spring were left by order, and such medicines and supplies as were on hand  sufficient
for ten days.  It is to be regretted that the facilities afforded and the  confusion of the movement prevented a complete list of these
wounded from  being taken and transmitted to  our lines.  The yvounds  inflicted in this battle yvere principally by the conical
leaden ball at short range, the fire of the enemy's  artillery being at no time severe.  The yvounded were  rapidly distributed
among the various  organized hospitals in Chattanooga, then under the superintendence of Surgeon I. Moses, U. S. V.; but as
their utmost capacity was soon  reached, it became necessary to open neyv buildings, and to organize on a larger scale a hospital
in the field.  For the latter purpose, a yvell watered slope was chosen on the  north side of the  Tennessee, about one and a  half
miles from Chattanooga, and the medical  directors of the corps ordered each to superintend  the erection of shelter and the care
of his  oyvn yvounded.  In tins manner,  by collecting  all hospital  and other tents, pavilions, and by the  erection  of boyvers
of branches and  leaves, nearly tyvo thousand wounded were comfortably sheltered.   On  the 21st, anticipating the confusion
that yvould occur in the attempt of the slightly yvounded to get to the rear on their way to Stevenson and Nashville, the medical
director had medical officers stationed at the entrance to the pontoon  bridge, yvith orders to examine every man  that was yvounded,
and if his injury was very slight, to send him to  his  command, or, if severe, to forward him  to  the north.  In spite of all
precautions, some of each class escaped attention, and were afterwards found in the number of those sent on foot to Stevenson.
Nearly three  thousand slightly yvounded men reached Stevenson in this way, a detail of medical officers and sufficient food being
sent to accompany them.   The distance they travelled yvas not less than forty to forty-five miles, over an almost impassable mountain
road.  No greater tribute could be paid to the cheerful endurance of our soldiers than the simple recital of this march of yvounded
men.   On  arriydng at Stevenson their wounds yvere attended to  in the  general field hospital at that point, and, as rapidly as
possible, they yvere foryvarded to Nashville, Tennessee.   From the nature of most of the buildings occupied by the wounded in
Chattanooga, and their necessarily croyvded condition, the mortality was  much greater than  would probably have  occurred
under more favorable conditions, as at no time previously had the physical condition of the men been so good.  Many secondary
amputations and operations had to be performed, as the immediate removal of the yvounded from the field yvas a matter of pressing
necessity, and left no time for surgical interference.   Oyving to the deficient transportation, the line of communication being nearly
sixty miles over a mountain road, supplies of all kinds  were exceedingly limited, the chief dependence for medicines  being on
the medicine  wagons, some fifteen in number, yA'hich had been supplied to some  regiments before leaving Murfreesboro', or soon
after.  The cooking utensils in them yvere of particular service.  Great difficulty Avas found at first in getting  material to fill the
bed-sacks, in  order to remove the sick and Avounded from the ground or floor; but fortunately some two hundred bales of cotton
were found in the toAvn, and details of upholsterers being made from the various commands, mattresses were speedily furnished,
nearly  three thousand being made in this manner.   About a week after the battle, negotiations yvere opened by Major General
Rosecrans  for the exchange of wounded and a number of surgeons equal to those yve held.  As yve held only about fifty of their
wounded, most  of ours yvere to be counted  in future exchanges.  In this yvay  yve received, on  September 29th and October 1st
and 2d, one thousand seven hundred of the sick and yvounded left  on  the  field, accompanied by four medical  officers.  A few
of the  yvounded still remained at Crayvfish Spring unable  to be removed.  The transfer of the yvounded to Stevenson yvas a
matter of grave consideration and much  difficidty.   The enemy had complete  possession of the roads on the  south side of tbe
Tennessee, and  commanded also the river or Haley Trace road on the opposite bank, making it necessary to make a wide detour
over Walden's Ridge, either by the Anderson road, or some new route over the ridge, and thence down the Sequatchie Valley. 
REPORT  OF  ASSISTANT  SURGEON  BACHE,  U.  S.  A.
289
Anv road in this direction Avas full of difficulties—leading over the mountains, affording no forage, and the journey and return
occupying nearly tyvo yveeks.  All the available ambulances yvere collected and organized into trains, and from time to time were
filled yvith sick and yvounded, and  sent under proper charge to Stevenson.   Wagon trains  going to this point for supplies were,
when practicable, also used for this purpose.  In this manner the hospitals yvere finally depleted.  Sanitary agents were stationed
at various points along this route, making a species of entrepot for the aid of the passing ambulance trains, or such soldiers as
mio-ht be returning to their commands;  and in this yvay much assistance yvas rendered.  From scarcity of forage, the animals at
lensth yvere reduced by starvation both in strength and numbers, so that it became no  longer possible to send the yvounded in
this manner, and it  became a subject of doubt yvhether, in case of a forced  evacuation of our position, it yvould not be necessary
to abandon the remaining sick and yvounded, about sixteen hundred, to the  enemy.   Happily this necessity never came.   On
October 29th, by a brilliant and successful movement, the  enemy's lines at Broyvn's  Ferry yvere penetrated, and the south side
of the Tennessee  occupied from Bridgeport to that point.  < hi the night of the 29th, a severe attack yvas made by General Wood's
rebel division upon the division of General Geary of the Tyvelfth Corps, yvhich had that evening  reached Wauhatchie  Station,
on the  line of railroad from  Bridgeport to Chattanooga.   This attack yvas gallantly repulsed, with a loss to the  enemy of tyvo
hundred prisoners and a thousand stand of small arms.   Our loss in the  engagement was three hundred killed and yvounded.
The possession of the river to this  point enabled the boats to ascend the  river either to Kelly's Ferry or to Broyvn's.  As the
river was difficult to navigate above the former ferry on account of the rapids, cargoes Avere generally discharged at that point
and Avagoned over the narroAV neck of land  to Brown's, thence across a pontoon bridge to the north  side of the river,  the road
Bkirting along the bank until opposite to Chattanooga, yvhere a second pontoon bridge  completed the  route.  Supplies in this
way soon became more plenty, and the stress upon the hospitals was soon relieved.  A depot of transit for the sick and yvounded
was immediately established at Kelly's Ferry, and the boats carried them from that point to the railroad terminus at Bridgeport,
whence they yvere taken in the hospital train to  Nashville.  As all  mention  of this  train has been previously omitted in this
paper, it is necessary to devote a feyv words to its organization and results.   Before leaving Murfreesboro', two ordinary passenger
cars had been fitted up yvith bunks, and the same number unaltered, with the addition of a box-car for cooking purposes, had
been organized by the medical director as a train exclusively for the transportation of the sick.  At the same time measures had
been taken to build  for the government tyvo first class cars,  fitted up inside yvith berths suspended  from elastic rings, in  order to
                          Fig. XI.—Vertical and Horizontal Sections of United States Hospital Railway Car.

lessen the motion of the cars.  The latter cars were put upon the road about the middle of September.   A competent medical
officer, with a detail of nurses and cooks, are in constant attendance during the entire  time.  The train at present is capable of
conveying sixty bed patients, and the same number sitting up.  As the number of patients gradually decreased, the field hospital
on the north side of the river was broken up,  and a site having been selected about one mile from Chattanooga, on Chattanooga
Creek, it was re-established in the new situation.  The field hospital at Stevenson was also about this time broken up, and orders
given to bring all the tents, stores, etc., to Chattanooga; but owing to the inability of the boats, only three in number, to carry
all the freight, much  delay was experienced in  forwarding them to their destination.  It was intended to unite these hospitals
with the one at Chattanooga, and thus make a hospital with a capacity of  about two thousand beds.  This hospital at that time
had seven hundred beds ready for the occupation of sick.   In the middle of November it became evident, from the nature of the
preparations around, that a movement against  the  enemy was  intended, and  the  medical director began his preparations
accordingly.   Supplies, in addition to those  already on hand, were ordered from  Nashville, and such of the churches and
available buddings as had been  previously completed were again refitted  for the occupation of the yvounded.  An estimate was
made for the accommodation of five thousand, and the means at hand expended for  that end.  It is not necessary to attempt a
description of the battle of Missionary Ridge, which  resulted in  perfect victory to our arms, but only to mention the leading
features of medical interest in  and after the engagement.   The  yvounded men were more  readily and rapidly cared for than
         37 
290
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--WESTERN ARMIES,  1863.
at any previous battle of that army.   The ambulance trains moved rapidly from the toAvn to the front, only a distance of tAvo or
three miles, and returned yvith their loads.  In this way all yvere comfortably housed, except here and there some severely yvounded
man yvho had found his yvay to some house, and yvas unable to report his situation.   The loss of the army of the Cumberland in
this  battle yvas three  hundred and eighty-five killed and three thousand two hundred and thirteen yvounded, and the loss of the
Fifteenth Corps, under Major General  Sherman, probably eighteen hundred  more.   The loss of the  enemy is reported  in  their
papers as twenty-five hundred in killed and yvounded, and the lists of the provost marshal of the department of the Cumberland
ehoyv the names of nearly seven thousand prisoners.   Here admirable opportunity was offered for the prompt exercise of surgical
skill in primary operations, but the previous health of the men had been so much lowered by deficient food, that the success yvas
in no wise flattering in the subsequent treatment and results.   The hospitals were very much overcrowded, as only those able to
bear exposure and fatigue could be  safely sent to the rear by the journey of boat and  cars.  Hospital gangrene now manifested
itself, attacking, yvith  few exceptions, all the stumps.   The treatment  by bromine, elaborated by Surgeon Goldsmith's care, yvas
tried in nearly all the cases, yvith what final result I do not knoyv.  Although the line of railroad was now entirely in our possession
it yvas not until the middle of January that the trains commenced their regular trips from Nashville, and the hospital train could
be used to deplete the crowded hospitals.  In the meantime, on account of the severe yveather, it yvas impossible to send any more
sick or yvounded by the regular way, so that all were held in Chattanooga until the completion of the road afforded the proper
means. About four hundred rebel wounded and thirteen of their medical officers fell  into our hands at this battle.   They yvere
assigned to  several buildings, and one of their number placed in charge of the whole.  They kept their hospitals  in the filthy
condition that seems necessary to their comfort, and showed a yvant of interest in the care of their patients, that yvas attended yvith
the usual results.  The addition of  the Fifteenth Corps taxed our supplies to the utmost, as it was anticipated that their oyvn
stores were ample, and no estimate for their wants had been made; and still heavier calls yvere made upon our stores at this time,
necessitated by the transfer of the Fourth Corps, under General Gordon Granger, to operate in east Tennessee, and also by the urgent
wants  of the troops of General Burnside in  that department.  Medicines and  stores  for one thousand beds and ten thousand
troops were  in this yvay supplied. Three additional boats  having been built at Bridgeport, the means of transportation made
the supply of the things most needed ample  enough for  the wants of  the hospitals, and  no further difficulty was felt either in
supplying the command at Chattanooga or Knoxville.  About January 1st, the new supply table yvas issued upon the basis of a
brigade organization, the table being nearly in all respects the same as that previously in use by the army of the  Potomac. At
the same time the organization of the ambulance corps was  completed and rapidly pushed into practice throughout the army.  It
was also the intention of the medical director to supply each regiment with one double  pannier set, and  medicine cases to the
batteries of each division, relying on the  supply in the brigade medicine wagons for the emergencies of battle and the care of the
hospitals in the field.  The allowance of hospital and wall tents  for the brigade hospitals  was also apportioned—one hospital
tent for every three hundred and fifty men, and one wall tent for the brigade—and the necessary orders yvere issued regulating
the detail of nurses  and cooks.  The general field  hospital on Chattanooga Creek, under  the  superintendence of Assistant
Surgeon R. Bartholow, U. S. A., is now reorganized on a basis of tyvo thousand beds,  the tents being stretched over substantial
frames, and floored.  A hospital for five hundred beds, and  a large convalescent camp,  to  be  situated at Summertown or Lookout
Mountain, are also under consideration.  The railroad being open through  to  Nashville, the  hospital train made three trips a
week,  so that the work of emptying  and closing the hospitals in toyvn yvas almost complete  by the middle of February.   It was
then the intention of  the medical director to concentrate all the patients yvho were either unable to bear  transportation or yvho
did not need a transfer in the field hospitals, to the Crutchfield Hotel, and a pavilion hospital built by the confederates, and capable
of holding four  hundred patients.  With  the hospital already established in Nashville,  and a capacity of extension  of five
thousand beds, the hospitals in Louisville, Jeffersonville, and New Albany, and those in Chattanooga, it yvas expected that every
emergency could be readily met."      *      *      *

CCXXXVII.   Extracts from a Report of  the Operations of the  Medical  Staff of the Fourth
       Corps at the Battle of Chattanooga.   By Surgeon A. J. Phelps, TJ. S.  Volunteers.

       *  *  *   "About one week before the battle, we had intimation, not official, but from a reliable source, that a battle yvould
soon take place for the repossession of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge.   Accordingly I began to prepare for yvounded
men by emptying the division hospitals of the milder cases  of sickness, and fitted up such other buildings as yvere placed at my
disposal, including the -U. S. general hospital under charge of Surgeon F. Salter, U. S. V.  By the time the battle came off, I had
good shelter for one thousand two hundred men, and beds for six  hundred and fifty.  Having very few tents, I had to  depend
mainly upon buildings for shelter; for most of the regimental hospital tents were captured at Chickamauga, and had not yet
been replaced.  The medical officers of each division yvere assigned to specific duty, and all was in readiness, so far as our limited
means would permit, for the fight that opened on November 23d.   The battle yvas opened by  a reconnoissance made at one o'clock
in the afternoon by General Wood's 3d division, in the direction of Missionary Ridge.  The result of this movement was a brisk
fight of half an hour, and the occupation of a low range of  hills a mile distant from our lines.  In this affair, Wood's division
lost about one hundred and tyventy-five men lulled and wounded; the yvounded were promptly removed to the hospital in toyvn.
Having driven the enemy from this important position, our forces were ordered to halt and make themselves secure.   On Tuesday
the 24th, there yvas no movement of importance from our front, but about noon General Hooker, upon the right, made the attack
upon Lookout Mountain.  Among tbe troops with yvhich  he made the attack, yvere the 2d and 3d  brigades of the 1st division of
this  corps, and, although  they were in front of the attacking forces, their  loss in killed and  wounded scarcely exceeded one
hundred.  The wounded were  removed with difficulty over bad roads to Kelly's Landing.  On  Wednesday, November 25th,
General Sherman on  our left, attacked the enemy, and  fought until  past midday.   At  about half past three o'clock, P. M. the
divisions of Generals Wood and Sheridan of this corps yvere ordered to assault the rifle pits of the enemy at the base of the ridge,
yvhich yvas distant about three-fourths of  a mile.  They moved forward steadily, carried  the rifle pits, and halted not until they
had  stormed and taken possession  of the  heights beyond.  Here, in less  than  an  hour, these  two divisions lost over two 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  S. G.  MENZIES.
291
thousand one hundred men in killed and wounded.  The range yvas short and the fire consisted both of musketry and artillery.
Not less than forty cannon poured an enfilading fire of grape and spherical  case upon the troops as they ascended the ridge, and
as they neared the top, they yvere greeted yvith hand grenades, extemporized by igniting shells with short time fuses and rolling
them down upon our lines.  Some bayonet wounds were received upon the  crest of the ridge.  A large proportion of the wounds
Avere severe.  The wounded yvere promptly removed from the field, so that by tyvo o'clock at night it was  reported to me that all
the hurt were gathered under shelter.  The slighter yvounded were permitted to go to their regimental quarters.  The operating
surgeons with their assistants, were distributed equally around and attention first given to primary amputations.  Amputation was
recommended in all cases where the articular extremities of the knee joint were involved by direct impingement of the ball or by
a partial fracture extending from  the bony structure above or below.  Fractures of the thigh, as a general principle,  were
not amputated.  A few days after the battle, the 2d and 3d divisions of the corps were ordered to Knoxville, Tennessee, as a
reserve for General Burnside's forces.  I wish to speak of the efficient aid that I received from Surgeon Francis Salter, U. S. V.,
in charge of United States general hospital  number four.   I wish also to recommend  favorably Surgeon W. W. Blair, 58th
Indiana Volunteers, division surgeon, 3d division; Surgeon D. J. Griffith, 2d Kentucky Volunteers, division surgeon, 2d division;
Surgeon A. McMahon, 64th Ohio Volunteei-s, Surgeon A. W. Hiese, 100th Illinois Volunteers,  Surgeon E. B. Glick, 40th Indiana
Volunteers, and Surgeon Francis W. Lytle, 36th Illinois Volunteers.  The following is a summary of the killed and wounded, the
nominal lists of which accompany this report: commissioned officers killed, tyventy-seven, wounded,  one hundred and sixty-nine;
enlisted men killed, two hundred and seventy-seven, yvounded, one thousand nine hundred and  eighteen; aggregate, two thousand
three hundred and ninety-one."       *      *       *

COXXXVIII.   Extracts  from a Report of the  Operations  of the Medical Staff  in the First
      Division of the Fourth  Corps  at the Battle of  Chattanooga.   By Surgeon S. G-.  Menzies,
      1st Kentucky Volunteers.

      *  *  *  "Brigadier General Charles Cruft was in command of twelve regiments constituting the force  in the field, while
the balance of the  division remained in  camp.   Six of these regiments were from the 2d brigade, General  W. C. Whitaker
commanding, and six from the 3d brigade, Colonel WilMam  Gross, commanding.   On November 23d, 1863, they marched  from
Shell Mound and Whitesides into Lookout Valley, and encamped near the headquarters of General Hooker, about one and a half
to two miles from the base  of the mountain, named as the Lookout Valley.   By three o'clock on the morning of the 24th, orders
came to General Cruft from General Hooker to move on the mountain, which was done in company with the divisions  of Generals
Osterhaus and Geary, General Whitakeris regiments forming the right and  Colonel Gross's the centre in the attack.  I established
a temporary field hospital at the  foot of the mountain, and  received the wounded as they were brought  down, which was done
with great difficulty.  The  ambulances could go but little yvay up the ascent, and the men had to be carried over a very rocky
and almost precipitous surface.   On the 25th, the wounded were taken to the rear and delivered to  Surgeon  Taylor at Kelly's
Ferry, on the Tennessee River, who had made  good preparations to receive them.   In taking Lookout Mountain the troops,
under General Cruft, bore a conspicuous part throughout the day, and deep into the night of the 24th, when they bivouacked on
a slope under the jutting rock specially designated Lookout, near the Wliite House.  During this day and night Surgeon Beach,
of the 2d brigade, with several assistant surgeons, was on the field, giving temporary relief to the sufferers,  and sending them
back to us in the bottom.   Late in the afternoon of the 25th, with several  surgeons and  a  portion of the ambulances, I started
across the mountain after the command which had followed the enemy five miles beyond Chattanooga to Missionary Ridge, and
caught up on the morning of the 26th at that place.  Our gallant men had not failed under the hard work of the previous day
and night, but assisted in the storming of the ridge, and had six men badly wounded who were sent back  to Chattanooga. On
the 26th, we followed the  enemy to Pea Vine Creek harrassing  his rear, and camped on a ridge just  beyond the Creek five
miles from Ringgold,  about ten o'clock at nignt.  The 27th sayv the soldiers bright and cheery, moving on Ringgold, which was
reached at nine o'clock in the morning.  General Cruft's command formed the reserve.  The divisions of Generals Osterhaus and
Geary attacked the enemy who was posted in strong position on  the heights, and in a pass  in the mountain. After a severe
struggle of two hours the rebels retreated.  Having no yvounded of our oyvn I placed the surgeons supplies, ambulances, and
instruments at the disposal  of Surgeon A. Ball, 5th Ohio Volunteers, of  General Geary's Staff, and rendered what assistance we
could to their wounded, who numbered over three hundred,  injured in a more terrible  manner than any I have seen  during
the war.  From  November 24th to 28th, General  Cruft's command had one hundred and forty-six kilted and wounded.   *  *
November 27th,  when the command started  around on  the  west side  of Ringgold, the wounded  from  General Geary's
troops were brought back across the bridge over the East Fork of the Chickamauga.  Our forces not being engaged, I took
Surgeon Beach and Assistant Surgeons Matchet, Gilmore, Gaston, and Ravenroute, who  were on the ground with me, to the
assistance of Surgeon A.  Ball, 5th Ohio Volunteers, chief surgeon of the 2d division of the Twelfth Corps.  About ten o'clock
as the wounded  began to  be brought back, two houses were taken on  the west side of the river,  and the sufferers  were
attended to  as well  as practicable under the circumstances.  Upward of one  hundred men came to us wounded in  every
conceivable manner.  After the battle ceased, many were taken into the  town and placed in the Catoosa Hotel, the  court-house,
and bank budding, with others who had been brought immediately from the field, numbering,  in all, two hundred and sixty-one.
*  *  Surgeon M. G. Sherman was placed in charge of the Catoosa House, assisted by Surgeons Kersey and Kyle, and Assistant
Surgeon Avoirdick.   Surgeon Beach and Assistant Surgeon Matchet were  assigned  to help  at the Court-house, and Assistant
Surgeons Gilmore, Gaston, and Ravenroute to the bank buildings.  Surgeon  Sherman remained at the Catoosa house until
the morning  of  the  28th, when the wounded were sent to Chattanooga.  Surgeon Sherman discharged the onerous  duties
imposed upon him with great  ability and perseverance.    The medical officers of other commands yvere limited  in supplies,
and our instruments, dressings, etc., were placed freely at their disposal."
      [In transmitting the report of Surgeon Menzies to the adjutant general of the army, General Cruft calls attention to the fact
that, after the battle of Ringgold,  the entire medical  force of his command, and all the  medical stores on hand were used in 
292
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--WESTERN  ARMIES,  1863 4.
ministering to the relief ot the yvounded of the divisions of Generals Geary and Osterhaus.  " Surgeons Menzies, Ball, Sherman,
Kersey, Kyle, and Assistant Surgeons Gilmore, Ravenroute, and Gaston, and Surgeons Beach and Matchet," General Cruft reports
 •yvere unremitting in the discharge of their duties in field and hospital, and in addition to our own yvounded, had large calls
upon them in their ministrations to the yvounded of the enemy.  They yvere untiring and unselfish in their efforts to alleviate the
sufferings of all yvounded men yvithout regard to yvhere they belonged."—Ed's.]
CCXXXIX.   Extracts from a Report of the  Operations of the  Medical  Department  of the
      Third Division of the Fouith  Army  Corps in  the  Campaign  f/om  October  _!6, 1863, to
      January  18, 1864.   By Surgeon AV. W. Blair, 58th Indiana Volunteers.
      *  *  *   "At the  reorganization of the army of the Cumberland, at Chattanooga, the 3d division of the Fourth Corps
was composed of regiments taken from the divisions formerly commanded by Generals Palmer, Johnson, Davis, and Van  Cleve,
in all twenty-six regiments, and three batteries.  The organization was but  barely completed, yvhen Ave Avere called upon to
participate  in the campaign Avhich  resulted in the rout of the rebel forces occupying  Missionary Ridge and its vicinity.  On
October 26, 1863, the 2d brigade, General  Hazen's, yvas ordered down the Tennessee River, in pontoon boats, to participate in the
movement,  having for its object the occupation of Lookout Valley.  During the time the brigade yvas effecting a landing on the
south  side of the river, there yvere  five killed and tyventy-one wounded; among the latter yvas Surgeon J.  C. Barr,  1st Ohio
Volunteers.  The yvounded were under the supervision of Surgeon A. II. Stephens, 6th Ohio Volunteers, assisted by the regimental
medical officers belonging to the  brigade.  Temporary dressings yvere applied to the yvounded on the field.   They yvere then
conveyed to the  general field hospital, a  distance of about two miles, yvhere  they were made as comfortable as circumstances
Avould admit.  From this  time to November 23d, the division was not called into action.   There yvas slight picket  skirmishing in
front of our lines, occasionally, but yvith feyv casualties.  For the grand movement of Monday afternoon, November 23d, I had
made  the following preparations.   Having selected  a site for a division field hospital, I made an organization of the medical
department of the  division.  *  *   Surgeon  A. C. McChesney, 59th Ohio Volunteers, was  put  in  charge, with a full staff of
assistants.  *  *  All the remaining officers, yvith hospital steyvards and attendants, were ordered to the field to perform such
duty as might, from time  to time, be requisite.  Wood, yvater, etc., was provided in camp, and the yvounded, on their arrival,
were directed to their respective brigades by Surgeon McChesney, the general superintendent.   On November 23d, at three o'clock
in the afternoon, the grandest military movement of the war took place, exhibiting in its execution, great  bravery both  upon the
part of our men and  officers, and giving us as a result, possession of the enemy's line of rifle pits, passing over the summit of
Orchard Knob.   The wounded were promptly removed from the field through the energy and efficiency of the medical officers on
duty on the field, and a Avell organized ambulance corps in charge of Lieutenant J. H. Glick, 49th Ohio Volunteers.   That night
and the next day yvere spent in administering to the wants of the yvounded, making them as comfortable as our limited  means
yvould alloyv.  During the assault on Missionary Ridge, November 25th, together yvith the advance upon Orchard Knob, we lost
from the entire division one hundred and sixty killed, and eight hundred and  seventy-three wounded.   Here, too, the  wounded
Avere cared for in the most efficient manner possible under the circumstances.   OAving to our limited number of tents, we Avere
glad to  avail ourselves of the general hospital in charge of Surgeon F. Salter, U. S.  V., which had  been but recently  prepared
for such an emergency.  During  the entire  engagement, the duties of the various medical officers, yvith the exception  of the
general superintendent, and chief operating surgeon in each brigade, were alternated  successively each day.  I cannot,  perhaps,
Avithout doing injustice, refer by name, to the superior efficiency of any  one officer, for almost without an  exception, the conduct
of the officers Avas characterized by good judgment, skill, and faithfulness.  On November 27th, the division was ordered  to march
to Knoxville, with  all possible speed.  This order compelled us to turn over all our yvounded, and  *   *  to carry out this order
I selected one medical officer to accompany each regiment, and one surgeon to accompany each brigade, leaving all the remaining
medical officers of the division to  assist in caring for our yvounded.   Surgeon W. J. Burgess, 17th Kentucky Volunteers, Avas
placed in charge of the division field hospital.  The other medical officers yvere assigned to duty under the general supervision of
Surgeon A. J. Phelps, U. S. V., medical director Fourth Corps.   The  brigade surgeons, H. B. Tuttle, 89th Illinois Volunteers,
of 1st brigade, D.  C. Patterson, 124th Ohio Volunteers, of 2d brigade,  and  T. R. W. Jeffray, 9th Kentucky Volunteers, of 3d
brigade, hastily collected such medical stores as could be obtained to furnish one medical wagon for each brigade.  Such regiments
as had panniers,  hospital knapsacks, or field dressing cases, yvere directed to replenish them.  *  *  Thus equipped, on November
28th, Ave started on our march.   OAving to the very limited amount of clothing in the quartermaster's department, our troops were
compelled to start upon this march of more than one hundred miles, in a very destitute condition, many men being entirely bare-
footed and Avithout  underclothing of  any kind.  We marched with great rapidity, making froni fifteen to tyventy-five  miles per
day, except yvhile crossing the Chickamauga, Hiayvassee, Little Tennessee, and  Little  rivers, at each of Avhich much time Avas
consumed.  On the Avay up, knoAving that many of  our men were totally barefooted, I suggested that  moccasins be made  from
the skins of the animals slaughtered on the march.   This suggestion was extensively folloAved, adding at least something to the
comfort  of our men.  Notwithstanding the limited clothing and shelter, the health of the command continued good, and in many
instances, OAving  to the complete change in diet, for we Avere compelled to subsist upon  food collected from the country through
which Ave inarched, there Avas a marked improvement in  health.  On  December 7th, we arrived in the vicinity of KiioxA'ille,
Avhere Ave remained in bivouac about eight days; very feAV men yvere so ill as to require hospital treatment.  On December 16th,
yve yvere ordered to march at once to Blain's Cross Roads to assist in repelling yvhat yvas supposed to be an advance of the enemy.
The supposition proved to be yvithout foundation, and yve  remained quietly in camp in the vicinity of  Flat Creek, until  about the
middle of January, 1864.   During this time the health of the command yvas good.  We were then ordered to march to Dandridge.
The roads at this time being good,  yve reached this point yvith comparatively little trouble, but on January 17h, the temperature
moderated,  the ground suddenly thayved,  and the roads  became at once very bad.   On January 18th, yve were ordered to fall
back to StiaAvberry Plains.  This retreat yvas slow, less than  one mile per hour.   As a consequence of exposure during this
extremely fatiguing march, yve had a very considerable number of men  who required hospital treatment,"     * 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON  1)   G.  BRINTON.
293
 CCXL.   Extracts from a Report of the  Operations of the Medical Staff of the Eleventh Corps
      at  the Battle of Chattanooga.   By Surgeon 1). G. Brinton, U. S. Volunteers.
      *   *   *   "The  2d and 3d divisions of the Eleventh Corps moved across the pontoon bridge from Lookout Valley and
 bivouacked on the plains south of Fort Wood, Chattanooga, on the afternoon of November 22d.  *  *  I was placed in possession
 of the barrack hospital, adjacent to the public school, and that building itself.  This gave me fourteen yvards, accommodating fifty
 men each, and room for a hundred more in the school-house.  The next day I made requisition for the necessary articles, had the
 surgeons appointed report at the hospital,  and detailed Surgeon W. Gunkle, 73d Pennsylvania Volunteers, as  surgeon in charge.
 As you are aware, less  yvas attempted on  our  left that day than had been  anticipated, and the only action of our troops in that
 direction yvas the movement in front of  Fort Wood, resulting in the capture of Orchard  Knob.  This corps was not greatly
 exposed, and the yvhole number of cases  that reported to the hospital yvere only tyventy-one.   The next day, November 24th
 more yvere brought in, some yvounded on  the previous  afternoon, but the greater part by desultory picket firing along  the line.
 On the 26th, the 1st brigade of the 2d division yvas assigned temporarily to General Sherman's  command, and  during the day
 yvas ordered to charge a battery of the enemy on the northernmost hill of Missionary Ridge.  They did so, but after suffering a
 severe loss in proportion to their numbers yvere driven back,  leaving many of their killed and wounded in the  hands of the
 enemy.   At this point our corps suffered most severely, especially the 27th  and 73d Pennsylvania, and 33d Neyv Jersey Volun-
 teers.  The ambulances yvere immediately ordered to  the spot,  and  before night seventy-eight wounded were received  at the
 hospital.  The following  day tyventy-one  more, and  on the  27th, fourteen reported, some from the hospitals of the other corps.
 The whole number of Avounded received Avas one hundred and fifty-nine.  There Avere also a number of sick from the camps sent
 in before the corps  left for  Knoxville, augmenting the whole number admitted  to two hundred and twenty-seven.  These all
 belonged to the Eleventh Corps except tyvo, yvho  yvere  subsequently transferred to the hospital of the Fourteenth  Corps.  The
 details for the field hospital had been  made in very short notice, but I am pleased to state that no difficulties were encountered in
 carrying out its provisions.  Every case received due and immediate attention, every man was  provided with the comforts his
 condition required, every wound clearly needing amputation yvas made a primary operation.   Warmth was consulted by placing
 the men severely yvounded in the  school-house, yvhere  fires  could be built, when only the  lighter  cases yvere assigned to the
 yvindoyvless yvards.  Even these yvere made comfortable by closing the yvindoyvs with tent cloths, and as soon as time allowed, by
 the construction of spacious fireplaces; cotton mattresses were spread on the floor and  an abundance of blankets provided.  There
 was no lack of medical, hospital, and  sanitary stores, and I may conscientiously say that no patient, as far as I  could learn, was in
 want of anything conducive to his recovery.  The flattering success that the statistics of the hospital show is adequate proof of
 this.  For the tyvo hundred and tAventy-seven patients above mentioned, there yvere sixteen  medical officers, beside the surgeon
 in charge; all but three of them were ordered to join  their commands as soon as the battle was concluded, and  did so, leaving
 Chattanooga on the morning of Saturday,  November 28th.  The  number of  attendants, besides hospital stewards, of yvhom there
 yvere eight, amounted to fifty-three, including two bands and a corporal and guard.  The preparations were, consequently, rather
 on the scale of the accommodations furnished  me than on the number of wounded  actually received.  This seemed, however,
 under the circumstances, the more prudent course of action.   Of the two hundred and twenty-seven acbnitted into  the  hospital,
 thirteen died, one from  disease, tyvelve from wounds; of these latter,  five died from the immediate effect of their wounds, either
 on the day of their admission or on the one subsequent.  Omit these and yve have seven  left to  represent the sum total of the
 mortality of the wounded under treatment, or in other words something less than four and one-half per centum; a result  certainly
 most creditable.  The hospital was continued as a corps hospital up to December 29th, yvhen, by orders from headquarters of the
 department, the patients were transferred  to the general field hospital, and the property turned over.   During the Avhole time
 there was not a single case of hospital gangrene, and  the  patients  throughout  did well.   One hundred and forty-five  of the
 yvounded yvere enlisted men, the  remaining fourteen, officers; of these latter, three died.   There are four primary amputations
 recorded, and tyvo secondary.  I am of opinion, from memory, that this is beloyv the  actual  number, but have not  the means at
 hand to correct it.  One of the primary amputations died on the  table under chloroform; the operation was for a shell wound of
 the leg  and the flaps yvere taken from the lower third of the  thigh.  The astonishing success that attended resections  of the
 humerus in continuity, both here and after the  battle of Gettysburg, convinces me that the objections urged against this
 operation are  entirely unfounded.   In this battle we had three cases, in the first of which, three inches, in the second, three and
 one-half, and  in  the third, four inches of  this  bone were  resected, and in one of them the  resection carried  above  the surgical
 neck, so that nothing but the head of  the bone, enveloped in its cartillaginous covering remained; every one of the cases recovered
 most  satisfactorily.  The last example is  especially instructive, proving that the danger of  fissure into the articulation  is  not so
 invariable, yvhere the bone is fractured above the surgical neck, as many would have us believe.   In the case of Second Lieutenant
 Adolph Vogelbeck, Co. B, 27th Pennsylvania Volunteers, who had a ball pass through the middle lobe of the right lung, between
 the seventh and eighth ribs, the plan  of treatment suggested by Assistant Surgeon B. Howard, U. S. A., yvas adopted, the wound
 being properly prepared and closed by sutures and collodion; a month  afterwards, December 22d, he yvas sent convalescent to
 the officers hospital.   A very typical case  of contusion yvas presented  by Private Lewis Margold, Co. G, 33d New Jersey Volun-
 teers. He yvas admitted November 25th,  complaining of his arm, and saying he had been struck by a shell.  The  limb seemed
 numb and useless, but the skin was not broken nor even discolored;  it was not very closely examined, but no particular  lesion
 yvas  supposed to exist.   In a few  days  it  SAvelled, became discolored, signs  of mortification appeared and much constitutional
 disturbance; it was  treated by deep  and  long incisions, yvarm fomentations and tincture of iodine  applied above the incisions.
Finally, on the 22d December, the arm yvas amputated above the elbow, and the humerus disclosed tyvo fractures running into the
humero-ulnar articulation.  This case was sent to field hospital December 29th, and its termination is unknown." 
291
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--WESTERN  ARMIES,  1863-4.
CCXLI.   Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Second Division
      of the Twelfth  Corps  at the Battle of Lookout Mountain.   By Surgeon A. Ball, 5th Ohio
      Volunteers.

      *  *  *  "At the battle of Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, November 24, 1863, at an early hour, yve received  notice that
this division was ordered to storm Lookout Mountain.  The medical officers were notified of the fact, and that they should be in
readiness for the occasion.  The surgeons-in-chief of brigades were  directed to send the sick from  their hospital  tents to the
general  hospital at Kelly's Ford.   This was done, and every facility for shelter for the wounded yvas brought into requisition.
The surgeons accompanied the command to the crossing of Lookout Creek, yvhere a temporary hospital was established.  The
organization of the medical force of the second division was as follows: Surgeon H. E. Goodman, 28th Pennsylvania  Volunteers,
in charge of hospital; Assistant Surgeon D. H. Strickland, 111th Pennsylvania Volunteers, recorder; Assistant Surgeon P. II.
Doyvling, 29th Pennsylvania  Volunteers, commissary;  Surgeon A.  K. Fifield, 29th Ohio Volunteers,  operator,  assisted  by
Surgeon C. J. Bellows, 7th Ohio Volunteers, and Surgeon J. W. Brock, 66th Ohio Volunteers; Surgeon James L. Dunn, 109th
Pennsylvania Volunteers, operator, assisted by Surgeon J. V. Kendall, 149th New  York Volunteers, and Surgeon E. Hutch-
inson, 137th New York  Volunteers.  The following  medical officers were detailed  to accompany their respective regiments:
Assistant Surgeon J. C. Ferguson, 7th Ohio Volunteers,  in charge of the 5th Ohio Volunteers; Assistant  Surgeon D. Williams,
7th Ohio Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon E.  P. Haines, 29th Ohio  Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon B. F. Ludlum, 66th Ohio
Volunteers,  Assistant Surgeon  William Altman, 28th  Pennsylvania Volunteers, Assistant  Surgeon G.  H. W. Calver,  147th
Pennsylvania Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon J. S. Bender, 29th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon  D. M. Brubaker,
109th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon J. H.  Ake, 111th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon C. H. Burbeck,
60th New York  Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon E. Day, 78th New York Volunteers,  Assistant Surgeon T. Elmore,  137th Neyv
York Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeon A. W. Phillips, 149th New York Volunteers.  The yvounded were received during the
action on the mountain at the field hospital near the creek.   The ambulance attendants yvere sent yvith stretchei-s over the rugged
sides of the mountain to gather up  the yvounded.  This  yvas slowly effected owing to the long distance and  almost  inaccessible
places in yvhich they were found.   Tables were provided, and the operating staff were actively engaged  during the day.  Late
in the afternoon yve received verbal  orders from General D. H. Butterfield to remove the wounded within the lines of Chattanooga
as early as possible, as  the enemy's sharpshooters had  advanced between our forces and the hospital.  The removal of the
wounded was over a very bad road and in the night, but was completed yvithout apparent injury to any.  The men were made
comfortable for the night, and in the morning, as soon as the operations were completed, the wounded yvere removed to Kelly's
Ferry, and placed in hospital preparatory to their removal  to Bridgeport.  The medical officers discharged  their  duties with
promptness and skill.  Before night  of the 25th the wounded were  all attended to  in hospital, so that our surgeons were in
readiness to do duty on the field at Missionary  Ridge;  but none of our division received injury in that action."    *     *    *
OCXLII.   Extract from a  Report of the  Operations  of the  Medical  Staff of the Fourteenth
      Corps at the  Battle of  Chattanooga.   By Surgeon F. H.  Gross, U. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  #  «Qn or aD0Ut November 20th, I informed the division medical directors of the command,  that a general
engagement with the enemy was expected to take place in the  course of a feyv days,  and that the division hospitals should at
once be prepared, and all other necessary arrangements made for the reception of wounded.  The sick that were hospital cases,
yvere accommodated, as far as possible, in one hospital, under charge of Assistant  Surgeon H. Benson, 10th Wisconsin Volun-
teers, the building, an old frame hotel, having conveniences for heating and cooking, has been made, through efforts of the officer
in charge, to answer our purpose quite well.  All our hospitals, with the exception of temporary hospital depots, were located
in Chattanooga.  Those intended for the reception of wounded, consisted, for the 1st division, in two churches, also quite well
adapted for our use.  In addition to these a number of hospital tents were  pitched in convenient localities to be used in case of
emergency.  The larger of these  churches, a brick building on Main street,  I had prepared for the accommodation of wounded
subsequent to the battle of Chickamauga, and required aside from the removal of a few sick, no additional preparation.  Surgeon
E. H. Dunn, 15th Kentucky Volunteers, the officer in charge, with an efficient staff of operators and assistants, performed the
business of the hospital in an admirable manner.  The smaller frame church yvas prepared for the occasion and placed under charge
of Surgeon  R. F. Dyer, 104th Illinois Volunteers.  The bedding and other  necessary articles yvere promptly supplied  and the
hospital conducted in a highly creditable manner.   The small number of  wounded of the 2d division,  General J. C. Davis*,
were accommodated after their arrival at Chattanooga, in the general hospital of the post.  This division took its position on the
extreme left of the line, fronting Missionary Ridge, and ordered to act as reserve to the Fifteenth Corps, under command of Major
General Sherman.  For particulars of the part taken in the  engagement  by the 2d division  and its  subsequent expedition
toyvard Knoxville, Tennessee, I respectfully refer you  to the report of Surgeon H. R. Payne, 10th  Elinois Volunteers, the
division medical director.  During that expedition, which lasted about twenty-five days, the troops had but a scanty allowance
of food, and many of them were poorly clad, but notwithstanding  this privation and suffering, there had been no death from
sickness,  and on their arrival at Chattanooga only a remarkably small number required  treatment in hospitals.  An old brick
hotel, which we had in  use since the  battle of  Chickamauga,  constitutes the hospital for  the 3d division, General A. Baird's.
Considerable amount of labor has been necessary to render this a moderately good hospital.   For a time  we were compelled to
croAvd this  building with a comparatively large number of patients.  By sending the more slightly wounded to the rear, in
accordance with orders from the department medical director, this inconvenience has been overcome.  Credit  is due to  Surgeon
J. R. Art or, 31st Ohio Volunteers, the officer in charge, as well  as to the other medical officers of the 3d division for their activity 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  B.  F.  MILLER.                              295
and attention to duty.  For a detailed account of the part taken by the 1st and 2d divisions of this corps in the assault on
Missionary  Ridge  and subsequent movements, and  the  operations of General Carlin's brigade during the capture of Lookout
Mountain, by Major General Hooker, I  respectfully refer you to the report of Surgeons B. F. Miller, 2d Ohio  Volunteers, and
R. G. Bogue, 19th Illinois Volunteers, the directors  of  the respective  divisions.   From  personal observation I am enabled to
testify to the promptness and efficiency of the medical officers of this corps.  The single exception of misbehavior on part of an
assistant surgeon already known to you, and his case being under consideration, it is deemed  unnecessary to make any further
reference to it at this time.  The following is a numerical statement of the casualties of the corps:  Commissioned officers killed,
thirteen, wounded, thirty-eight;  enlisted men killed, one hundred and fourteen, wounded, six hundred and forty-one, or a total
of eight hundred and six."      *      *      *
CCXLIII.   Extracts from  a Report of  the  Operations  of the  Medical Staff  in  the First
      Division of the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of Chattanooga.   By Surgeon  B. F. Miller,
      2d Ohio Volunteers.

      *  *  *  "The 1st and 2d brigades comprised the active force, the 3d being kept on duty within our fortifications.  On
Monday, November 23d, the 1st brigade was ordered to occupy the trenches in our works, resting their right on the  Tennessee
River.  During the course of the night they were withdrawn from this position and sent in front of Fort Negley, and  there held
as a reserve to the 2d brigade then on picket.   General Hooker having assaulted Lookout Mountain in the morning, and driven
the enemy to its eastern slope, toyvard evening it was ordered that the 1st brigade, Brigadier General Carlin commanding,
should cross Chattanooga Creek to his assistance.   This stream they were obliged to  cross by boats, and by the time it was
accomplished night had set in, and the troops had to advance up the hill by a very rugged route until  near  the White House,
when they were advanced to the front to relieve a part of General Geary's troops, engaged at the time as  skirmishers.  The
confronting lines approximated very closely, shielded by a very dense fog.  Skirmishing was  so vigorously  carried on that it
almost amounted to a general  engagement.  At eleven o'clock P. M. it had comparatively ceased, and gradually lessened until
morning, when it was learned that the enemy had retired his lines at a point nearer his camps.  The 1st brigade was  ordered to
recross the river and join the 2d, yet doing picket duty in the same location as the day previous.  Soon after this order had been
executed, line of battle was formed by the two brigades to co-operate with the lines formed to their left.  At  two o'clock P. M.,
November 25th, the column moved forward to assault Missionary Ridge, and this division occupied the  extreme right, with
orders to conform to the movements of the left.  The column advanced through a skirt of timber and across a plain, meeting the
enemy's skirmishers well in front of the first line of entrenchments; but as our troops  advanced, they soon rallied on the works,
and were compelled to abandon even these, as  our forces had determined to assault the ridge.  The enemy, forced to fall back,
made strong resistance, yet unequal to  change the purpose of our column.  Their fire  confronted us, and his artillery played
lively upon our flanks.   At four o'clock P. M. the heights had been stormed, and the enemy routed.  The troops bivouacked on
the ridge for the night, and then began to follow up  Bragg's  retreating forces.   At  five o'clock P. M. the head of the column
had reached a road leading from Graysville to Ringgold, when they learned that the enemy was passing wagon trains along,
and it was decided to try their  capture.   A reconnoissance  developed that a rebel camp was close  by, and a rapid  disposition
was made to surround them, but the plan was discovered by the enemy, and he fled, leaving a section of artillery and his wounded
in our hands, resulting from a volley delivered at his panic-stricken troops.  The column then moved forward to Graysville, and
there  bivouacked until Friday morning, when we moved forward for Ringgold, tapping the road  on which Major General
Hooker's troops were, about five  miles from the town.   One division from  the Twelfth Corps had passed, and we followed.
Upon our arrival at the town, General Geary's  division had found the enemy posted upon the side and crest of Taylor's Heights,
a formidable position in rear of the toyvn, and had already skirmished sharply.  *  *   Soon an assault was made by the above-
named division,  which was stubbornly resisted by the enemy.   This division was  formed, and advanced to the base of the hill,
but did  not become engaged.   At this point the pursuit of the route of the enemy was abandoned, and the division returned to
quarters.  *  *   I was delighted to find so much  harmony and efficiency crowning  the labors of  the medical officers.   Those
who followed the troops  on the  field made themselves useful in collecting  the wounded, and, after temporary attention, sent them
directly to hospitals provided for them.  One of these officers in each brigade was required to superintend the stretcher-bearers,
and to keep them at work, and also to see that every means was employed to prevent delays in  transporting the wounded to
ambulances.  This branch of duty was ably performed.  The only ambulance train that we had at our command was made up
from the regimental ambulances, the division  train being useless to us at the time, for the reason that it was  unable to cross the
river, the pontoons being separated by high water.  The regimental train was efficiently managed under the direction of Assistant
Surgeon W. P. McCullough, 78th Pennsylvania Volunteers. *   *  The rapidity with which the wounded were removed from
the field is due to his  exertions  mainly.  Under his guidance the division wounded were deposited  in the proper hospitals, and
thus classified.  Much credit is due  Surgeon  R. F. Dyer, 104th Illinois Volunteers,  for industry  and energy.  *   * I have
scarcely met a more faithful, persevering, and  industrious  gentleman  in  the profession.   *   *  I acknowledge with pride the
skill displayed by  the operating staffs, aided by a good corps of assistants.  The manner in which they worked to  relieve the
suffering was of a highly creditable character, each case receiving early attention, and no unnecessary delay  indulged in  before
operations were performed or dressings applied.  On the morning of the  26th, I was obliged to divide  the  surgical force, and
required a  part of  the number attached to the hospital to follow the troops then advancing on Ringgold.  The order issued at
a very late hour for the surgeons to be in readiness to accompany the troops, and to provide a sufficiency of hospital supplies for
any emergency.  Notwithstanding the brevity  of time allowed, a fair supply was selected and taken  along.  The division arrived
too late to join  the storming forces.  Our supplies were tendered to Surgeon A. Ball, 5th  Ohio Volunteers,  surgeon-in-chief of 
29G
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--WESTERN  ARMIES,  1863-4.
General Geary's division.  As much destitution existed, both as to medical officers and supplies in this division, their yvants yvere
relieved as far as  possible by the  corps of surgeons  belonging to this division, y\ho  cheerfully volunteered  their services, and
being kindly accepted, they Avere assigned to duty at a hospital where many yvounded had been collected yvithout the slightest
facilities to care for them.  With the appliances at our command, each medical officer appreciated the necessity of the work before
him, and executed it yvith great yvillingness, so that the yvounded had opportunely excellent attention rendered them.   The day
folloyving, the wounded yvere  sent  by rail to Graysville, and thence by ambulances.   Many of the wounds received here and at
Ringgold were of a very severe character, in consequence of the relative position of the two hostile parties; that of the enemy
being on an abrupt elevation gave the advantage of a plunging fire, so that in most instances yvhere bone was involved, destruction
ensued for a long distance."      *      *      *
CCXLIV.   Extracts from a  Report of the   Operations of the Medical  Staff in  the  Second
      Division of the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of Chattanooga.   By Surgeon II. K.  Payne,
      10th Illinois  Volunteers.
      *  '*  *   "Information derived from General Davis,  commanding the division, satisfied me that an engagement yvas
impending, and I at once summoned the brigade surgeons of the 1st, 2d, and 3d brigades, and consulted with them as to the
best mode of giving prompt attention to  the yvounded.  *  *   Tyvo medical officers were appointed to accompany each brigade
on the field.  They were to exercise a general supervision over the ambulances and the men detailed to accompany them, and to
see that each  man wounded was temporarily dressed  before moving to the hospital.  This yvas to be  selected at a safe and
convenient distance from the battle-field.  To assist them, one steward yvas appointed to each brigade to accompany the details
of men in charge  of the stretchers, and have the wounded removed immediately to the ambulances.  Tyvelve men yvere detailed
from each regiment to carry  this into execution.  Tyvo litters were ordered to accompany each regiment upon the field of battle.
Three surgeons yvere to constitute the operating staff of the hospital, including the brigade surgeon, who yvas ordered to consult
and assist in all difficult cases.  Two Assistant Surgeons were ordered to assist them, one assistant to keep a complete record
of cases  and the  operations  to be performed.  One surgeon to administer chloroform, and one to see the hospital kept in order
and to see that proper nourishment was prepared for the yvounded.  Hospital steyvards, cooks, and nurses yvere appointed.
Each  brigade surgeon avus ordered to co-operate with the division surgeon and see that these instructions yvere fully carried out.
On the  morning of November 24th, the  division crossed the Tennessee River, four  miles  above this city, on a pontoon bridge,
which yvas constructed quietly during the night, and took up a position on our extreme left, fronting Missionary Ridge, and yvas
ordered to act as a reserve to the Fifteenth Corps.  Every preparation yvas made for an early engagement.  The night, hoyvever,
passed quietly yvithout an assault.  The residence of Mr. Crutchfield was selected as a hospital because of its accessibility to
the field yvhere it was supposed the engagement yvould take place.  Fighting commenced on the morning of the 25th, by General
Sherman's forces assaulting the enemy's yvorks, and  continued throughout the day with much obstinacy on both  sides, until the
ridge  yvas in our possession.  The 2d division of the Fourteenth Corps was not engaged, and as there yvas many yvounded from
the Fifteenth Corps, I  readily consented to its  hospital  being used for the yvounded of this corps.  The day passed, and  when
night came  the men bivouacked on  the  field.  At midnight of the 25th, yve received orders  to march at  once, crossing the
Chickamauga  Creek near its mouth, some six  miles distant.   It was supposed we would meet the enemy before reaching this
point.  Almost all our supplies, except what yvas absolutely necessary, Avere left in  the rear.   Upon arriving near the station,
the enemy yvas observed a short distance in front, apparently destroying their immense commissary stores at this depot.  Our
forces drew up in line  of battle, and moved forward to meet  them.  The enemy was  gradually driven back to the  mountain
beyond  the station, yvhere entrenchments yvere  thrown up. Everything indicated a severe engagement at this point.  I at once
selected a good building for  a hospital, where there was an abundance of  good yvater, and strayv sufficient to shield the wounded
from the cold.   *   *   My instructions were fully carried out,  and everything yvas done for the comfort of the wounded.  Each
surgeon did his duty faithfully, except one.  *  *  The wounded yvere  temporarily dressed  on the field, and at once sent to
the hospital, where they received all the attention necessary before sending them to  the general hospital at Chattanooga.  No
amputations were performed.   In  one case the  brachial artery was ligated.  The wounded were sent  in charge of Assistant
Surgeon F. S. Dodds, 60th Illinois Volunteers, to Chattanooga. After the enemy were driven from this position, the pursuit was
continued until yve arrived  near Ringgold.  *   *   On  the morning of the 28th, we received orders to march in the direction
of Knoxville.  Feeling the necessity of more medical stores,  I at once sent a surgeon with an ambulance to Chattanooga to get
them, as I considered they yvould be necessary in case yve became again engaged yvith the enemy, as most of the regiments had
but a limited supply.   But  owing to the bad condition of the roads, they did  not come up until we arrived at the Tennessee
River, some seven days aftenvard.   Fortunately, hoyvever, they yvere not needed. It was from this point that we Avere ordered
to return to our camps at Chattanooga.  On account of the small supply  of rations, yve had to subsist upon the country through
yvhich we passed, and hence did not arrive here until the morning of December 18th.   After the engagement to yvhich I have
already referred, but  few casualties  occurred.  There were four cases of injury from accidental discharge of fire-arms, tyvo  of
yvhich proved fatal.  The division yvas absent tyventy-five days, and notyvithstanding the inclement weather and the fact that the
men Avere poorly supplied yvith clothing, many being yvithout boots and shoes  and but a scanty allowance of food, but little
sickness, and no deaths from sickness, occurred;  and the sick report of the  division, on the day of our arrival, showed but five
cases  that yvere regarded as requiring treatment  in hospital.   I take great  pleasure in saying that upon the whole march each
medical  officer did his  duty  faithfully—ever ready and attentive to those under his charge.  The following is a brief summary
of killed and wounded:  Commissioned  officers yvounded, two; killed, one.  Non-commissioned officers wounded, three;  killed,
tyvo.  Privates yvounded, twenty-four; killed, one.   Total of wounded, twenty-nine; total of killed, four."     * 
REPORTS  OF SURGEONS  BOGUE  AND  MENZIES.
297
 CCXLV.   Extracts  from a Report of the  Operations  of the Medical  Staff  in  the  Third
      Division  of  the  Fourteenth  Corps at  the Battle  of  Chattanooga.   By Surgeon  11.  G.
      Bogue, 19th Illinois Volunteers.

       *   *   *   "On the 20th of November, I yvas notified by Surgeon F. II. Gross, IT. S. A., medical director Fourteenth Corps,
 that it yvas probable we yvere to have a battle the day folloyving, or at furthest within a feyv days.  He directed that the medical
 department of the division be prepared for it.  With the tyventy regiments to participate in the battle, there  yvere twenty-seven
, medical officers.  The assignment of them for different duty was accordingly made and  the parties notified of what part they
 yvere to take, and yvhat duty yvould be expected of them.  One was assigned to  the charge of the hospital, one as his assistant,
 and one to prepare a record of the cases dressed at the hospital.  An operating staff yvas formed for each brigade of the division,
 one principal operator yvith three assistant operators.   There yvere three medical officers designated  to accompany each brigade
 to the field, the remaining ones  yvere assigned to duty at the division hospital.   *   *   These were ordered to report to the
 surgeon-in-charge yvith  their instruments, ready for duty,  yvhen the command was ordered to  the field.   Those selected to
 remain yvith the command, yyere directed to attend to  the gathering of the Avounded by the stretcher-bearers and to see that the
 ambulances Avere kept Avell  up, that the men could be sent to hospital yvith as little delay as possible.  They were directed to do
 but little dressing upon the field, the more important duty being to see that the wounded were sent to hospital, where they could
 be properly attended to.  Each regiment yvas furnished yvith tyvo stretchers, and  all yvere  directed to have the usual number of
 stretcher-bearers.  On the 23d, the division moved outside the entrenchments, but did not become engaged until the afternoon of
 the 25th, when it participated in the assault of Missionary Ridge, the battle ceasing at dark.  The  wounded yvere gathered as
 expeditiously as possible.  All those of the division,  except  four cases, yvhich yvere overlooked owing  to the darkness of the
 evening and roughness of the ground, yvere taken that night  to the hospital.  Most of them  were dressed, and all of them fed.
 The next day, the 26th, the command moved on in pursuit.  We arrived  at Ringgold on the 27th, but yvere not  engaged in the
 fight there.   A number of the medical officers assisted that morning in dressing the yvounded of the troops yvho had been engaged,
 and twelve of the division ambulances yvere furnished to  take them back to Chattanooga.  The command was under fire but a
 feyv hours of one day, the 25th.   The injuries received were from shells and musketry, the latter at quite short range, the enemy
 being much of the time behind breastworks.  The number of killed and wounded in the division were as folloyvs:   Eight officers
 killed and fifteen wounded; seventy-four enlisted men killed  and three hundred  and eighty wounded, making a total  of eighty-
 two killed and three hundred and ninety-five yvounded; aggregate, killed and wounded, four hundred and seventy-seven.  The
 medical officers attended to their duties faithfully as far as I yvas able to knoyv or learn.  Those on the field did especially well,
 working faithfully to succor the wounded as early as possible.  They deserve thanks for their faithful labor.  Of these I speak
 freely for I remained yvith the command on the field, and was witness to their yvork and care."       *
CCXLVI.  Extracts from a Report on the Casualties of the First Division of the Fourth Corps
      at the Battle of Buzzard Roost.    By Surgeon S. G. Menzies, 1st  Kentucky Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "On February 22,  1864, twelve regiments of this division commanded by General  Cruft, left camp  at Blue
Spring, Tennessee, and marched nine miles to Red Clay, Georgia, the old  council ground of the Cherokee Indians, yvhere they
were joined by six regiments of General Matthias's division.  *  *  The troops were in fine health and spirits, marched well,
and were joyous at the prospect of meeting the enemy.  Next day, the 23d, the yvhole command, eighteen regiments, moved six
or eight miles to the farm of Dr. Lee, near Catoosa Springs, a locality in the region of Catoosa platform, Stone Church, Ringgold,
and Tunnel Hill.  In the night moved toyvard Stone Church  two miles.   After manceuvering in the mountains  on the 24th,
stayed at Dr. Lee's until three o'clock, A. M. of the 25th, the 3d brigade being four miles in front at Big Spring.  At that hour
we started forward and came to the mountain on the north side of Buzzard Roost Gap by nine o'clock, and found the enemy in
force on the top of the mountain.   General Cruft, forming the left of our line, marched this division up the hill  side, and the
attack commenced.  At the foot of this hill, in some old cabins on a small rivulet, I established a field hospital.   Wounded began
to come by eleven o'clock a. m.  and continued coming sloyvly until the middle of the afternoon, when the shells began to fly so
thickly around the hospital we were compelled to fall back two miles to Big Spring, yvhere a barn was policed and three hospital
tents pitched.  Before leaving the first  hospital site, two  hundred and fifteen patients, in ambulances, were sent to Chattanooga
under charge of Surgeon J.  M.  Cooke, 24th Ohio Volunteers.  They were  dressed and cared for before leaving, except three or
four, who came down the mountain and got in the train for Chattanooga without orders.   At nine o'clock in the evening, orders
came to leave Big Spring, to return to Dr. Lee's farm, and to send the rest of the wounded to Chattanooga.  This was  done, all
the patients going but one, an artilleryman who was hurt in the hip, and exsection of upper third of femur made by Dr. Abbott.
This man was left with a family at Big Spring.  Along with our wounded,  eleven of Colonel Long's men,  yvho had been wounded
the day before, were sent in our ambulances under charge  of Assistant Surgeon Boone of Long's Cavalry, our own being under
charge of Surgeon J. A. Mills, 8th  Kentucky Volunteers.  *  *  Only two operations were performed, amputation below  the
knee by Surgeon Beach at the cabins, and exsection of hip-joint by Surgeon Abbott at Big Spring.  The  casualties amounted to
fifty-nine, other commands adding about  nine more.  It is  a source of much gratification to report the general good conduct of the
medical officers, both in the field and hospital, and especially that of Surgeons Kersey, Beach, and Abbott, in the hospital. And
I must also commend the skill and promptness shown by ambulance master Mitchell.  The ambulances yvere always in place and
the wounded carefully brought off."      *      *
         38 
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APPENDED DOCUMENTS--CAMPAIGN IN  GEORGIA.
COX LVII.   Extract from a Report  on the  Casualties of the  Second Division  of the  Four-
      teenth  Corps in  the  Action  at  Buzzard Roost,  Georgia.   By Surgeon S.  J. AV. Mintzkk
      U. S. Volunteers.
               "On the morning of February 23d, the 2d division of the Fourteenth Corps left camp,"and  that night
encamped at Ringgold, and next morning took the advance and had a slight skirmish with the enemy in a gap near Buzzard
Roost.   On the 25th, there was skirmishing all day by part of the 1st and 3d brigades.  About four in the afternoon our lines
were advanced, which brought on a spirited skirmish, attended yvith the folloyving results of killed and yvounded:   Six killed
sighty-seven yvounded; engaged two thousand one hundred and tyvo."      *      *       *
 CCXLVIII.   Extract  from  a Report  of the Operations  of the Medical  Department  of the
      Third Division of the Fourteenth  Army Corps, in the Action at Buzzard Roost, Georgia.
      By Surgeon Roswell G.  Bogue,  19th  Illinois Volunteers.

      *  *  *  "On the evening of February 21st, the  division received orders to be ready to move on the morning of the 22d
 yvith three days' rations.  Camps yvere to remain  as  they were, convalescents remaining in  them, only the able portion  of the
 command to move.  No intimation of the probabilities of the expedition yvere given, nor could I learn from corps headquarters
 yvhat preparation was expected in the medical department.   I ordered that one medical officer accompany each regiment, taking
 along the small medicine case furnished them, and at least one set  of panniers to each brigade.  Accompanying the command
 yvere five surgeons and eight assistant surgeons, besides myself.  There were fourteen ambulances and a small supply of dres-
 sings, etc., for an emergency.  The ambulances were  in charge of a  lieutenant,  with two sergeants for assistants, and two men
 yvith each ambulance as attendants or stretcher bearers.  The ambulance boxes were furnished nearly according to orders.  One
 medical officer remained yvith the  train each day to attend to those who required transporting.   February 22d, the command
 moved as far as Ringgold, sixteen miles; on the 23d, to Catoosa Station, only about three miles; on the 24th, to near Tunnel
 Hill, about four miles.  During three days nothing had transpired in the command worthy of note.  At three A. m. on the 25th,
 the command moved to take position in what is called Cox's Cove, near Dalton, arriving there about nine A. M., having marched
 about ten miles.  Skirmishing began about 10:30  A. M., by one brigade of four regiments.  Firing was continued the remainder
 of the day yvith greater or less severity until  dark, firing by the enemy with both  musketry and  artillery.  The wounded were
 gathered very promptly by the ambulance corps, both the lieutenants in charge and his men doing their work very creditably,
 indeed, proving very plainly that the present arrangement for ambulance corps is preferable to that heretofore.  The yvounded
 men were gotten  together, and most of them dressed, and all put  into  ambulances, and started  for Ringgold before dark, tyvo
 medical officers accompanying the  train.  They arrived at Ringgold  about midnight, and were foryvarded directly to Chattanooga.
 The command moved back to Catoosa Station that night.   The next  day, the 26th,  it moved to Tunnel Hill again, and at night
 moved back  to Catoosa Station, and the day after,  the 27th, it moved into Ringgold, where it has remained in camp to the pres-
 ent time.  The ground over yvhich the  fighting occurred was rough and hilly, a  portion cleared  fields, a portion yvoods.  The
 medical officers, yvithout  exception, did their duties both on the field and  at the  temporary hospital faithfully and very satis-
 factorily.  I am under obligations, and yvill here express  my thanks  to Surgeon O.  Q. Herrick, 34th Illinois infantry and medical
inspector Fourteenth Army Corps, for assistance in the disposition of the wounded. There were  in the engagement four killed
 and eighty-eight wounded."       *     *      *
 COXLIX.    Extract from  a  Report  of  the  Ambulance  Train of the Fourteenth Corps, at

      Buzzard Roost.  By Captain William II. Collins, Chief of the Ambulance Corps.
      *  *  *  "At the stone church, beyond Ringgold, I found that tyventy-five ambulances, belonging to my corps, were
on the ground, ten of yvhich, owing to an  unexplained delay of organization in the 2d division, were unprovided with stretchers
and attendants.   The dead  and  yvounded  of a  slight skirmish occurring on this afternoon in the vicinity of Tunnel Hill, were
promptly sent to Chattanooga.  Wednesday, February 24th, the troops advancing toward the enemy, I directed my lieutenants to
yvatch and conform to the movements of their respective divisions, keeping well closed up to them; this yvas efficiently done, and the
dead and wounded were promptly taken care of.  On February 25th, on a division passing over Rocky Face Mountain, Lieutenant
Labin folloyved yvith  his train.  In the engagement which ensued, he with  his attendants, followed the troops to the front and
brought off all the Avounded.  The 1st and 2d divisions engaged the enemy at  Buzzard Roost Gap.   At this point  I gave my
personal attention to  the removal of the wounded.  I regret to say that some of our yvounded, who fell in  an unsuccessful charge
made by General Morgan's brigade, were here left on the field.  During the night three wounded were brought from the disputed
ground in  front of our skirmish line under cover of the darkness.   On February 26th, our advance line during the day being
stationary, all the wounded were easily and promptly removed.  At  nightfall our troops  yvere properly withdrawn.  On Feb-
ruary*2?th, by eight  a. m., all but a few of the yvounded not able to bear transportation, were en route for Chattanooga.   The
reconnoissance ended, I ordered the trains to go into park at their respective diyision headquarters.  I enclose the reports of my
division lieutenants,  setting forth their operations  in detail.   I yvould respectfully suggest, that had I  received notice of the
expedition, my train yvould have been better prepared to render efficient service."      *      *       * 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR COOPER.
299
 CCL.   Rep>ort on the  Operations of  the Medical Department of the Army of the Cumberland,
       in the Campaign through Georgia, in the summer of  1861.   By Surgeon George E. Cooper,
       U. S. Army, Medical Director.

       "Sir: The report of the campaign of the army of the Cumberland beginning in the first week of May, 1864, and ending
 with the capture and  occupation of Atlanta, is made from  personal knoAvledge beginning on June 10, 1864.  All information
 previous to that time is derived from the records of the office of the medical director of the army of the Cumberland  and from
 oral information given me by medical officers connected Avith the army.   I joined the headquarters in the field, near Big Shanty,
 Georgia, having been prevented by an attack of malarial fever from reaching the main army sooner.   Shortly after the action
 at Resaca, I yvent to that place, arriving the morning after the army had advanced, and  observed the preparations yvhich had
 been made for the reception of the yvounded.  The  hospital  train accompanied me, and  all yvounded able to be transported in
 it yvere sent to Chattanooga, yvhere I remained till the action near Dallas occurred, yvhen I went to Kingston and received the
 yvounded and sick from the front, had them transported to the rear, and then, yvith the first opportunity, rejoined headquarters
 in the field.  The preparations for the medical and surgical outfit of the  troops had been made by Surgeon Glover Perin, U.
 S. A., yvho had been medical  director until  relieved  by me, and by his foresight and care, everything had been prepared yvhich
 could facilitate the medical officers in providing for  the sick and yvounded of the army.  A  large field hospital, consisting of
 one hundred tents, and all the appurtenances, had been organized, and yvas  folloyving in the rear of the army, at a convenient
 distance, keeping the line of the Western and Atlanta railroad.   Into this the major portion of the wounded and sick were
 received, and treated until transportation  to Chattanooga could be furnished them, or their  condition  would permit it.  This
 field hospital Avas first established at Ringgold, Georgia, where it remained until May 16, 1864, Avhen it was brought forAvard
 to Resaca, in order to receive the soldiery AA'ounded in that action.  It there remained until the last days of June,  when it  Avas
 transferred to Big Shanty.  It again moved to the rear in a feAV days, as the position at Big Shanty Avas  uncovered by the flank
 movements  of the armies under General Sherman, which caused the  evacuation of Kenesaw  Mountain by the rebel forces, and
 gave us possession of Marietta, Georgia.  On the occupation of that town, the field hospital yvas transferred there someyvhere
 about July 8, 1864, arid remained there until after yve had crossed  the  Chattahoochie river, when it was brought forward to
 Vining's Station, Georgia, yvhere it remained until the capture of Atlanta, when it was removed to that place.  Here an eligible
 and convenient position was selected, the tents pitched, the sick received, and much labor expended on the grounds, but the
 mobile nature of the field hospital continued, for the position selected yvas unfortunately one  on which the engineers decided it
 to be  necessary to erect a fortification in the inner line of works, and the vast labor expended in cleaning up yvhat had been
 used as a mule corral, so as to fit the ground for hospital purposes, had to be repeated, and still more unfortunately the sick had
 to be transferred from a clean and comfortable position to one yvhich yvas far less eligible and convenient.  This hospital under
 charge of Assistant Surgeon W. C. Woodworth, U. S. V., has been of the greatest benefit, and too much credit cannot be given
 that officer for his zeal, energy and activity.  In the field hospital every preparation which circumstances would permit of had
 been made for the proper alimentation of the  sick and yvounded.  An  acting commissary of subsistence had been detailed to
 accompany it, who kept it amply supplied yvith every delicacy procurable, and these, in addition to  the articles supplied by the
 different sanitary commissions enabled the surgeons on duty to furnish the patients with as good a character of diet as could be
 found in the permanent hospitals at the rear.   By direction of Surgeon Perin, U. S. A., a train of some thirty wagons had been
 organized for the purpose of carrying medical supplies yvith tbe  army.  This,  under the charge of Assistant Surgeon J. W.
 Craig, 10th Illinois Volunteers, field medical purveyor, kept  the army fully supplied yvith all the medical and hospital stores
 needed by the troops in the field.  Never, from the hour of starting from Chattanooga till the present time, has this army wanted
 in medical stores, and ahvays has there  been a sufficiency on hand to meet any emergency.  For the prompt furnishing of
 supplies yve  are much indebted to the Assistant Surgeon General R. C. Wood.  It yvas only necessary to state that articles yvere
 required for the use of the troops at the front, yvhen orders yvere issued from the  assistant surgeon general's office, yvhich  had
 them foryvarded with all the speed that could possibly be made.  Ample hospital accommodation had been made at the rear for
 the reception of the sick and wounded of  the armies operating in Georgia.  These had been organized previous to the advance
 of the armies, and  it yvas only necesssary to increase their capacity by the addition of hospital tents, to accommodate all who
 yvere brought from Ihe front for treatment.   It is impossible to speak of any of the actions which occurred in the present campaign
 as an entity, for in reality it has been a series of skirmishes and heavy actions, from the advance on Tunnel Hill, until the occupa-
 tion of Atlanta.  This  campaign has, in  former  years, had  no parallel.  It may be regarded as a  continued series of sieges,
 yvith the accompanying assaults and skirmishes, together with sallies on the part of the enemy, yvho, attacking our troops were
 met, and in nearly'every instance repulsed.   Not a foot of ground was gained, save by hard fighting, and the constant throwing
 up of works and intrenchments, which yvould be abandoned by our troops only to-occupy others more in advance.   It is stated
 that over three hundred miles of rifle-pits have been constructed by our troops during the  campaign; this necessarily demanded
 constant labor.   The ground dug up from Tunnel Hill to Jonesboro, will serve  to indicate to sight seekers, in coming years,
 the severe trial undergone by  our troops in their advance into Northern Georgia.   For four successive months the troops yvere
 fighting either in the trenches or on the march, and during that whole period there Avas constant musketry firing on the skirmish
 line.  The average number of rounds of musketry ammunition fired by each man in the army of the Cumberland  exceeds tAvo
 hundred.  This, yvhen it is considered how few men, at any one time  are engaged during a campaign like the one just ended,
 can enable one to form an idea of its character.
      In consequence of the difficulty of procuring forage on a line so distant from its base as that in yvhich this army operated,
it was deemed necessary to cut doyvn the amount  of transportation to the loyvest possible estimate.  This induced the leaving at
the rear, not only superfluous articles, but,  in  many cases, what might actually be regarded necessary  ones.  The  expectation
that the campaign yvould be a short and decisive one, as well as the order issued to the effect, caused both officers and men to
move in as light marching order as possible;  but feyv had  more with them than yvas actually carried on their persons.  All 
300
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—CAMPAIGN  IN  GEORGIA.
 cooking apparatus, save coffee pots and  frying  pans, yvith here and there  a mess pan or camp kettle, yvere left  behind at
 Chattanooga; the result of this yvas, that the cooking Avas of the Avorst character and not conducive to digestion.   This  dearth
 of culinary apparatus  entirely precluded all  cooking by messes of companies, Avhich is  the only proper manner of preparing
 food furnished troops.   The commissary supplies, furnished until the occupation of Marietta, consisted almost entirely of hard
 bread, salt  pork or bacon, and fresh beef, with coffee and sugar; but little,  if any, beans, rice, soup, vinegar, or other small
 rations Avere issued.  After the occupation of Marietta, Avhich yvas made the main depot,  the commissary department  had ready
 for issue an abundance of all kinds of supplies;  but owing to the indolence or ignorance of the commissaries even then  the
 troops yvere not furnished more freelj' than  before.   The weather in the early part of June  was pleasant  and comparatively
 cool.  On the morning of the 10th of that month it  commenced raining,  and  continued  so to do for ten successive days yvith
 but little intermission. The country became a  vast bog; the roads  yvere rendered almost impassable, and their condition
 rendered any movements requiring  accompanying transportation almost impracticable.   At this time the TAventieth Corps  on
 the extreme right, had not as large a supply of medical stores as might have been desired, but was short of nothing  absolutely
 required.  This Avas, however, owing to the fact that the condition of the roads to Ackworth, where the field medical  purveyor
 then was, rendered the transportation of them almost impossible.  After the cessation of  the June rains, the  weather  continued
 pleasant, Avith light summer showers, until  the  middle of August, when heavy rains came on once more  and continued  for
 several days. The heat during the summer was at no time oppressive, nor did the thermometer show over ninety degrees in the
 shade on the hottest days; the nights yvere delightfully pleasant, and,  with but feyv exeeptions, a blanket was  necessary to be
 used before morning.   The country from Chattanooga to Ackworth is mountainous,  thence to Atlanta high and rolling, densely
 yvooded, with but a small portion  under  cultivation;  small streams  are  numerous, and several rivers  cross  the line  of the
 campaign.   The Avater from Chattanooga to the Etowah River is good, but much impregnated with lime;  south of that stream
 the Avater is soft, clear, and delicious.  Water on the  whole line is abundant, and in feAV portions of  the United States can more
 numerous springs of clear, cold, soft water be found  than between the  Etoyvah River and Atlanta. The health of the troops,
 yvhen entering upon the campaign, was good, comparatively speaking.  During the previous Avinter they had been encamped in
 the vicinity of Chattanooga, with but feAV vegetables furnished them.   Some of the troops had  been campaigning in East
 Tennessee  during a portion of the yvinter,  and these  had been furnished with marching  rations only.  This was the case yvith
 the Fourth Corps and portions of the Tyventieth.  The 3d division of the  TAventieth Corps was composed of either neAV  troops
 or those brought from the garrisons  in the rear, and in this division more sickness occurred than in any other  in the army.  The
 men, unaccustomed to the rough usages of a campaign, yvilted ayvay, while the veteran troops around them yvere enjoying
 exuberant  health.  Previous to entering upon the campaign, every brigade in the army had been furnished with a medicine
 wagon, filled, and two  government yvagons to carry canvas and appurtenances for the brigade field hospitals; an operating staff
 had been detailed, and everything systematised  so  that, during an action, the wounded might receive prompt and efficient
 attention.  The  field hospitals yvere always kept well to the front, and, in time of action, pitched as near as the safety  of the
 yvounded would permit.  The  ambulance  corps,  organized under the new system, had been untried,  but the trial given it
 yvas scarcely a  fair one, for the animals furnished it were of the poorest  character; they consisted of the animals which had
 been almost starved at Chattanooga, during the siege at that place, and had scarcely recuperated ere they yvere turned over by
 the quartermaster's department to the ambulance corps to perform the hardest duty in  the army,  and for yvhich the strongest
 and best conditioned animals are required.  For these mules and  horses there is no time of rest; their services are needed  as
 much during the night as in the day, and I will venture to assert that the animals belonging to the ambulance trains passed
 over tyvice  as much  ground as those of  any other  train in the  army.   It  yvas with  difficulty that suitable persons  could
 be procured as  stretcher bearers; regimental and company officers seem to  have  conceived the idea that yveak, sickly, and
 trifling men are  those best suited for detail in the corps.  This, at first, caused the detail of many such, who  had soon  to  be
 relieved  in  consequence of their  incapacity.  Many  of the officers yvho cherished  the  above ideas, by sad experience, have
 learned that strong, healthy, and  agile men are required to perform the duties belonging to the stretcher bearer.   The men of
 the ambulance corps have done their duty yvell and faithfully;  under the heaviest fire they have faltered not, but calmly and
 carefully carried the yvounded to the ambulance depots.  The ambulances were, I am informed, not in good order when leaving
 Chattanooga, but by careful management on the part of the officers, and by repairs made yvhen practicable, they have served the
 campaign through, and are noyv in condition to enter  upon another.  Until the middle of June, the  Fourteenth  and Twentieth
 Corps yvere  virtually yvithout directors.  Surgeon R.  H. Gilbert, U. S. V., yvho entered upon the campaign as medical director
 of the Fourteenth Corps, in consequence of illness, was compelled to  go to  the rear.   Surgeon W. C. Otterson,  U. S.  V., in
 charge of the TAventieth Corps, resigned in the latter part of May, and left when the army was in the neighborhood of Dallas,
 Georgia.  About the middle of June, Surgeons C. W. Jones, U. S. V., and John W. Foye, U. S. V., Avere respectively assigned
 as medical directors of the Fourteenth and  Twentieth Corps.  Surgeon J. Theodore Heard, U. S.  V., has been the director of
 the Fourth Corps from the opening of the campaign,  and still occupies that position.  The condition of the medical department
 of the Fourth Corps,  OAving to his energy,  efficiency, and experience, far surpasses that  of  any  other  in the army  of the
 Cumberland; ever ready for  an emergency, and  anticipating any that might  arise,  he, with his able surgeons have made the
 hospital department of  the Fourth Corps, a model to the rest of the army.   I do not yvish by this to disparage  the Fourteenth
 or Tyventieth Corps, but owing to the change of directors, and the yvant of system when they assumed  charge, the sick and
 yvounded Avere not for a time, so yvell or  so promptly  cared for as in the Fourth Corps.   To this insinuation, however, there is
 an exception, the 1st division of the Fourteenth Corps, under the charge of Surgeon  S.Marks, 10th Wisconsin Volunteers, and
 the hospital  thereof under the charge of Surgeon Lucius J. Dixon, 1st Wisconsin  Volunteers, yvill bear comparison with any
 division in this or any other army.   The Twentieth Corps, since the assignment of Surgeon John W. Foye, U. S. V.,  has been,
 as far as the medical department is concerned, all that could be desired, and his removal to another sphere of usefulness will be
looked upon, by  all connected with that corps and the army, as a misfortune.   On  passing through Kingston, Georgia, to join
the army, I found a deserted rebel hospital,  capable of accommodating some two hundred and fifty patients.  This was built on
a moi-t eligible position, and being midway betweeii  the objective point of the campaign, Atlanta,  Georgia, and Chattanooga, 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL DIRECTOR  COOPER.
301
 appeared to  be a proper position for a general  hospital.  It yvas yvell constructed, and required but few repairs to put it in
 order to receive patients;  consequently directions were given to Surgeon W. H. White, 79th Pennsylvania Volunteers, at the
 time on  duty at Kingston, to fit it up and increase its  capacity by the addition of fifty hospital tents.  It has since served a
 most beneficial purpose, both as a receptacle for the Avounded and sick  of the cavalry troops stationed in the vicinity, as yvell as
 for the purpose of affording accommodation to the yvounded in transitu to Chattanooga, who  might be detained by destruction
 of the railroad betyveen Tunnell Hill and Kingston, Avhich occurred on more than one occasion.  A ground plan of this hospital,
 furnished by Surgeon White,  accompanies this report.
      On joining the army, I found the hospitals divided into sections of brigade, and each brigade  hospital in  charge of a
 medical  officer.  Finding that this did not work smoothly, the brigade sections were consolidated into division sections, and
 these placed under charge of one medical officer, who yvas made responsible for the property and supplies.  This consolidation
 yvas found to be much more practicable and economical, both in rations and medical supplies, as well as in the care of the
 wounded.   The innovation  first formed upon,  proved serviceable in many respects, particularly when movements  yvere
 contemplated, and the sick required transportation to the rear, as well as during  an  action; for, instead of being brought to
 the brigade hospital, yvhere oftentimes the surgeons were overworked, the entire operating staff of the  division  was at the
 disposal  of the brigade Avhose loss yvas the heaviest.   The surgeons, too, had conceived the  idea that their especial duty yvas
 to attend to the yvounded of the regiment to yvhich they  belonged, or, at most, to the brigade to which they yvere attached.  The
 consolidation of the brigade  hospitals avoided the evils arising from this idea,  and all men belonging to the  division  were
 cared for, regardless of the brigade  to which they were attached.  The diseases  from which  the troops suffered were those
 incident  to a campaign long  continued, viz., dysentery, diarrhoea, fevers, malarial, typho-malarial, and  typhoid, with  a slight
 sprinkling of the exanthemeta.   During the  rainy season, lesions of the  pulmonary viscera were common.  Scurvy showed
 itself in an early part  of the campaign, yvhich  became considerably aggravated  during  the time the troops lay in the trenches
 before Kenesayv and Atlanta.   As soon, hoAvever, as  the corn became edible, the command  showed  marked  indications  of
 improvement.  After the movement to the south of Atlanta, which resulted in its evacuation, the troops having had access to the
 extensive corn fields on the line of march, improved rapidly,  and on entering the city on September 7th,  there yvas little, if any,
 of the scorbutic taint perceptible, and the men yvere  in finer  condition and better able to take  the field than at any time  since
 their leaving Chattanooga.  The troops yvounded at  and near Buzzard Roost and Rocky  Face Ridge  were transferred  by
 rail to the hospitals at  Chattanooga.   Those wounded near Resaca yvere treated  for some  days in the  division  hospitals, and
 thence transferred to the general field hospital, where the most seriously yvounded yvere retained until  they were  in condition
 to be conveyed in the hospital train to the hospitals at the rear.  After the first actions  near Dallas, the wounded were brought
 in ambulances and wagons to Kingston, and thence by rail to Chattanooga.  Those wounded in the last actions near Dallas
 yvere brought in wagons to Ackworth, where temporary hospitals yvere improvised until the bridge over the Etowah River yvas
 rebuilt, when the wounded were carried  on freight cars to the rear.   The wounded from the various assaults and skirmishes
 at and about Kenesaw were transferred from the division  hospitals to Ackworth and Big Shanty,  and thence by rail  to
 Chattanooga.  After the assault of the enemy's works at Kenesayv, on June 27th, orders were given to move the yvounded to the
 rear in the course of twenty-four hours.  The hospitals  of the  army of  the Cumberland Avere, at the time, from six to nine miles
 distant from  Big Shanty, the  nearest point on the railroad, and where too the general field  hospital then yvas.  To obey this
 order, it  was necessary to avail ourselves of every class of transportation—ambulances and baggage yvagons.   There were, at
 the time, near two thousand wounded  men in the hospitals  of this  army, and these had to  be carried from six to nine  miles
 over roads rendered extremely rough by the  rains yvhich had inundated them, and the heavy trains  which  were constantly
 passing over them.  Knowing  that Big  Shanty would be uncovered by the  time named, it was  necessary to avail ourselves
 of every train of box cars returning to the rear.   The haste in yvhich  this transfer of wounded was made, caused,  I doubt not,
 much suffering, and I regret to say that, in  some cases, neither proper or sufficient  food was furnished the  men on the yvay
 to Chattanooga.  This was owing principally, however, to detention on the road.  The trip, which yvas represented as being
 made in  tyvelve hours, at times occupied  thirty-six, and even more.  The result was the. rations in these cases  ran  short.  The
 attendants accompanying  the sick in many cases were regardless of their duties.  Though every train had a medical officer
 accompanying it, he could  not  see the yvounded save  yvhen stopping, in consequence of being unable  to pass from car to car
 yvhen they were in motion.  This took the greater part of the nurses from under his eye, and then it yvas the wants of the sick
 were disregarded, the more especially in procuring water for them.  To  avoid the recurrence of this, I prevailed upon the
 Sanitary Commission to establish refreshment stations at Kingston, Resaca and Dalton.  They promptly placed their agents in
 the above named places, and after this, there  was no more yvant of food, coffee, or water.   The yvounded transported  in box
 cars cannot  be properly cared for  in consequence of  the impossibility of passing from car to car, save when at rest.  The
 dressing  of the yvounded could be done only on the switches when the cars were waiting for the down trains.   The trains from
 the front generally passed up at night,  and lanterns  Avere  not furnished them.  FeAV then of the wounded were properly
 dressed from the time of leaving the front until they  arrived at Chattanooga, and the condition of many arriving there yvas
 lamentable.   I knoyv that many complaints have  been  made of the manner in which the sick were transported, and of the
 condition in yvhich some arrived at Chattanooga.  It was, hoyvever, impossible to do better  than yvas clone.  The conveniencies
 were feyv, the wounded many, and the stay-at-the-rear fault-finding patriots in excess.  Every thing at our command yvas made
 use of to  mitigate the sufferings of our troops, and it was only yvhere the medical department had no control that the wounded
 were subjected to unnecessary suffering.  The wounded from the actions betyveen Marietta and Chattahoochie River were sent
 to the field hospital at Marietta, and thence to the rear; those from the actions at the front of Atlanta to the same hospital, at
 Vinings Station, and thence taken to the division hospitals.   The wounded from Jonesboro' were brought from that place to
 Atlanta in ambulances, and yvere, and  are at  present, treated in the division hospitals with a success seldom surpassed in the
history of military surgery.  The yvounds met with  in the campaign were caused by rifled and smooth-bore  artillery,  rifled
musketry throwing elongated projectiles, the sabre and the bayonet.   The yvounds were caused at all distances, from  the extreme
range of artillery  and musketry to hand-to-hand conflict.   They yvere, too,  of  every character inflicted by the projectiles 
302                      APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—CAMPAIGN  IN GEORGIA.
noyv used, from the slightest scratch to perfect dismemberment.  I regret to state that the reports of yvounded prior to June 27th
are not very reliable, oyving to the Avant of care  on the part of some of the medical  officers in  charge of division hospitals.
This remark is particularly applicable to the reports of the 3d division of the Twentieth  Corps and to the 2d division of the
Fourteenth Corps.  The medical officers are not to  be blamed for this, as they yvere informed by Surgeon W. C. Ottersou
U. S. V., medical director of the corps at the opening of the campaign, that no reports Avould be required, as no transportation
for desks was furnished them.   Every endeavor has been made to have them as nearly correct as possible, but they are still
more or less unreliable.  The number of wounded reported by tabular statement as having been received  into the brigade and
division hospitals at the front, during the campaign,  is fourteen thousand  four hundred and fifty.   The number reported by
consolidating the Aveekly reports is fifteen  thousand five hundred  and fifty-nine.   This discrepancy may be accounted for by
many slight Avounds not having been reported in the tabular statement.  The number reported as  having died of wounds in
the hospitals at the front is, by tabular statement, nine hundred and  four; by consolidated reports, one thousand and sixty-seven
The  number of amputations performed is  reported at one thousand tAvo hundred  and eighty-six;  the number of  exsections
three hundred  and two ; the number of other operations, seven  hundred and ninety.  Chloroform is reported as having been
used in one thousand tyvo hundred and fifty-five cases ; but this is far beloAvthe actual number, as it was freely used  in all cases
where examination of Avounds was to be made, and  Avhere painful  dressings were to be applied.   In no case had any injurious
effects resulted from its use.  The number of sick received into the division hospitals is reported as forty-three thousand one
hundred and fifty-three; the  number reported as transferred to general hospitals is  twenty-six thousand one hundred and
eighty-four; the number reported as having died in the division hospitals from Avounds and disease is  one thousand tyvo hundred
and seventy-four. From the fact of the army having been constantly on the move until the occupation of Atlanta, and necessity
arising therefrom of being compelled to transfer  to hospitals at the rear, all the seriously wounded, it Avas impossible to learn
the results  of the operations  performed on the field.  It Avas only after the battle of Jonesboro', September 1, 1864, that the
operating surgeon had the opportunity of treating the Avounded till the results were determined.  The Avounded in  this action
were brought from the field to Atlanta, some three days after the action, and, Avith the exception of the men of the 2d division,
Fourteenth Corps, yvere placed in hospital tents.  The yvounded of that division were  placed in the Atlanta Medical College,
which had been used by the rebels as a hospital; the rooms are large, airy, and yvell ventilated.  The men, at the time of being
wounded, were in excellent health, yvith no taint of scurvy perceptible.  The yveather, from the time  of  the action till now, has
been delightful, not yvarm enough to  oppress, nor cold enough to render the closing of the tent openings or windows necessary
at night. The food furnished  the wounded yvas ample, and of the best  character; all the  necessary delicacies yvere at the
disposal of  the surgeons; generous diet and  stimulants were used  from the moment the wounded were placed in  the wards.
The hospitals yvere kept exceedingly clean; the dressings were performed in almost every case by the surgeons connected with
the hospitals,  and in  the 2d division of the  Fourteenth Corps, exclusively so.   I  transmit the report  of Surgeon  Edward
Batwell, 14th Michigan Volunteers, in charge  of the 2d division, Fourteenth Corps hospital.  The results shown by  this report
will, I think, bear favorable comparison yvith any military surgery,  and reflect  great credit on the  medical officers of the
division. I send too the report of Surgeon Batyvell, of the result of experiments made with a preparation called "Phend.
Sodigue," sent to me to be used in order to test its merits.   From  my own  observations, as well as  from yvhat I can  learn, it
has proved to be an  admirable  adjunct in the treatment of flabby wounds, and  in  those implicating the  spongy bones.  The
medical officers of the army of  the Cumberland have  performed their duties, in this long and onerous campaign in a manner
highly creditable to themselves and beneficial to the sick and wounded soldiery.  The experience of  three years having taught
them  the requirements of military surgeons, the  work was yvell  and promptly performed.  Unfortunately, many of  these
valuable officers, having completed their term of service, are about being mustered out, and  their places will be filled by men
who have seen little, if any, service in the field.  Accompanying this, I transmit the classified returns of wounds and injuries,
and the reports of the corps directors. The list of wounded yvill be forwarded as soon as finished.
                                      Respectfully, your  obedient servant,
                                                                                        GEO.  E. COOPER,
                                                                                 Surgeon U. S.  A., Medical Director.
  To  the Surgeon General  U. S. Army."
CCLI.   Extracts from a Report on the  Operations of the Medical Staff of the Fourth Army
      Corps in the Campaign in  Georgia,  in  18G1.    By  Surgeon J.  Theodore  Heard,  U.  S.
      Volunteers.
      »  *  *  " The Fourth Corps  participated in all the movements, skirmishes, and battles in which the  army of the
Cumberland yvas  engaged.  It moved  from Cleveland, Tennessee, on  May  3, 1864, and, on the next day, encountered the
cavalry pickets of the rebel  army near Catoosa Springs, and formed connection with  the  other corps of the  army of the
Cumberland at that point.   From that time until the 7th of September, it yvas engaged in a series of skirmishes  and battles,
the most prominent of which yvere at Tunnel Hill, Buzzard Roost, Resaca, Calhoun, Adairsville, Kingston, Dallas, Kenesaw,
and Atlanta.  *   *  The system of brigade hospitals was abolished at the outset of the campaign, and that of division hospitals
established, as directed by Circular No. 4, Surgeon  General's Office, March 23, 1863.   This  system, yvith a few modifications,
yvas  also ordered as a permanent organization, and, at  the present  time, is  in full and successful operation.  The frequent
changes in the position of the troops necessitated almost a daily change in the location of these  hospitals.  They were,
however, ahvays  yvithin easy distance of th.e command, and yvere conducted by the chief surgeons of divisions, and by the
surgeons-in-charge, Avith energy and ability.  Operations Avere primary, and every possible attention and care was given to the
patients. Medical and commissary supplies Avere abundant except during the three Aveeks the army was in front of Dallas, or
New Hope Church, and far distant from the depot of supplies; hoyvever, although at that time they were not abundant, yet they 
REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS  JONES AND  BATWELL.
303
proved sufficient, and at no time have patients suffered from the want of such  supplies.  All yv^ided  and seriously ill men
yvere sent to the rear as rapidly as transportation could be procured.  This Avas rendered absolutely necessary by the  constant
forward movements of the army.  There yvere sixty-four  hospital tents  complete, and sixty extra flies in use at the three
division hospitals of the corps.  This amount of canvas proved sufficiently ample to cover all the wounded and seriously sick
Avhich it was necessary to provide  for at any one  time.  In fact, the  six transport wagons allowed to a division for hospital
purposes, will not permit a larger  supply of tents to be carried.  The following figures taken from yveekly reports, show the
number of cases treated in this command  from May 3d to September 10th.  There yvere taken  sick, thirteen  thousand three
hundred and  eighty; yvounded, five  thousand  five hundred and sixty-two; returned to duty, ten thousand six hundred and
eighty-nine; sent to general hospital, eight thousand  three hundred  and  twenty-seven; and there were  three hundred and
ninety-seven deaths.  Of the number sent to general  hospital, many  have already returned to their commands.  *  *  The
frequent movements of the army, the constant  skirmishing and fighting, the bad roads, and, especially, the inclemency of the
season at the  early part of the  campaign, yvere obstacles yvhich called into play all the energies of the medical officers of the
corps and of  the officers of the ambulance corps.   Too much  praise cannot be given  these  officers for their untiring  zeal and
hearty cooperation.  The ambulance  corps yvas not organized until after the campaign had commenced, consequently many and
serious obstacles had to be overcome.  But, notAvithstanding the many unavoidable drawbacks, the corps proved efficient, and
at the present time promises still  greater  efficiency.   Early in June, forty-nine neAV ambulances were drawn by order of the
medical director of the department, yvhich filled a  deficiency that had existed at the commencement of the campaign."  *  *  *
CCLII.   Extracts from a Report of the  Operations of the Medical Department of the Four-
     teenth  Corps, from Big Shanty to  Atlanta,  Georgia, in 1861.   By Surgeon  C. AV. Jones,
     U. S. Volunteers.
      *   *   *   "On June 11, 1864, I reported for duty to the general commanding the Fourteenth Corps, near Big Shanty,
Georgia, and at once entered upon the duties of my position, relieving Surgeon O. Q. Herrick, 34th Illinois Volunteers, as
medical  director.  *   *  In the  latter part of June, the order  discontinuing brigade hospitals, and consolidating them into
division  and  corps hospitals, yvas  carried  into effect, and yvorked admirably.  The  consolidation economized medical aid, and
promoted the welfare and speedy disposition of the sick and wounded.   The campaign was a continuous series of battles, oyving
to the close proximity of the enemy.   Daily skirmishing kept some wounded always in the division hospitals;  but the ambulance
system wliich worked well, and the close  proximity of the general field hospital, enabled me to dispose of the sick and yvounded
prior to each forward movement of the  army.   On June  27th, the 2d division assaulted the enemy's works at  Kenesayv
Mountain.  *  *  The yvounds received yvere mostly of  the upper extremities, and  were almost all caused by conoidal balls.
The next day after the  battle, the wounded yvere all sent to the general field hospital at Big Shanty.  On July 19th, a part of the
corps crossed Peach  Tree Creek,  and engaged the enemy.  The  loss in the 2d  division amounted to about one hundred and
twenty-five, all of whom were sent to the field hospital at Vining's Station.  On July  20th, the 1st division was engaged, and
lost about the same number as the 2d division on the previous day.  The wounded yvere disposed of in the same manner.  On
August 7th, the 1st  division assaulted the enemy's works, and the loss in  killed and  yvounded was considerable.  *  *  On
September 1st,  the battle of Jonesboro'was fought.  *  *  I observed many bayonet wounds.   *  *  On September 3d, all the
sick and wounded, with the hospital tents  and appliances, were removed to Atlanta, and each division hospital was well located
and provided for.  The hospital of the 1st division  was invariably in  excellent order, and the surgeons of this division were
always prompt in attendance to their duties."

CCLIII.   Extract from  a Report on the Surgical Operations performed after the Engagement
     at Jonesboro', Georgia.   By Surgeon Edward Batwell, 14th Michigan Volunteers.
      *   *   *   a Though the various reports furnished the medical department of the army exhibit the number, extent of injury,
and operations requisite for the  successful treatment of the wounded received into  hospital, yet every medical officer must be
greatly interested in a  point beyond this,  namely, the final result of these cases.  I propose, in the folloyving statistics to show
the result of the operations performed after the battle of Jonesboro', Georgia, September 1, 1864, and  also the length of time the
patients  were under  treatment; and  although they may lack in  several respects, yet they possess the very great desideratum
of being correct, as far as close observation can make them: The success attending our operations » due to many causes, but the
principal ones I look on as being, first, feeding and stimulating nature in proportion as her recuperative energies were taxed,
even anticipating the drain which extensive suppuration of necessity makes on the constitution.  Before the suppurative process
had set  inf our patients had gained in strength  and general health.  Strong beef tea and  nnlk  punch had laid  so firm a
foundation for  nature to build upon,  that she did not find a very difficult task to repair the mjunes  And, secondly, the care
of these cases was not entrusted to nurses entirely unskilled in the art of dressing, but was personally performed by intelligent
and accomplished surgeons, yvhose interest in the cause of suffering and of science  induced them day after day to come
to assist in dressing  the wounded.  The moral effect on the patient is nearly as beneficial as the superiority of the dressing, for
hey feel satisfied that their case and  its termination is in the hands of a man who is capable of exerting a professional judgment,
Provided any emergency should arise demanding his interference.   Several points of interest present themselves to our observation
Lcomttion with'the  treatment of the wounded in this hospital. First, the entire absence of hospital  gangrene, erysipelas, or
Pyemia and that too in a building where, six days previous to our occupancy, it decimated the Federal prisoners placed there
EvTe rebel  authorities for surgicll treatment.  But the  hourly exhibition of bromine and iodine through every portion of the
buildhur  and the free use of liquor sod* chlorinat, together with personal cleanliness, plenty of good nutritious diet stimulation
and never permitting  effete matter to remain one moment in the Avards, together with the close attention paid  their Avounded 
304
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--CAMPAIGN  IN  GEORGIA.
comrades  by our faithful nurses, all  tend to prove that under the most disadvantageous circumstances these fatal diseases mav
be stripped of their horrors, provided the proper steps are faithfully folloyved to counteract the predisposing cause.  One of the
cases, under the head of penetrating  yvounds of the abdomen, deserves some particular mention, as not alone yvas the peritoneal
artery opened, but  also the pleura.   The liver being  torn by the bullet in its transit, as shoyvn from the  large quantity of bile
being discharged from the external yvound, and the pleural sac penetrated, as evidenced by the regurgitation of air through the
opening.   The  peritoneum and pleura became implicated by inflammatory action, and adhesion took place in both serous
membranes around the track of the ball.  At the present date, the patient is rapidly recovering, the yvound healing kindlv, and
presenting every indication of a favorable  termination; the  period  of his recovery, thirty-three days from receipt of injury.
The sort of operations performed  is yvorthy of comment,  and has been very closely watched, to try and  give  a  preference to
either circular or flap operations, based on observations  as  to their relative merits as  far as healing was concerned; but no
difference was discernable, except in lateral flaps, where the protrusion of the bone through the incision prevented the  rapid
union that took  place in the antero-posterior ones.  The only cases in which the healing process seemed retarded,' were those in
yvhich the operation urged by Malgaigne was performed—oval flaps, yvith circular division of muscular tissue.  The chief points
in which they seemed to be deficient, was the small anterior flap being unable to support the weight of the posterior larger one.
This again granulated very freely, and thereby prevented approximation of the edges, and  a large granulating surface was the
result, instead of the nicely adjusted linear mark observable in either the  flap or circular operations.   From  the observations
made on the subject, I would urge that no modifications are worthy  of being noticed by surgeons, and that the circular or flap
operations amply fulfil all the requirements necessary.  I cannot close these notes yvithout returning my thanks to the surgeons
of the 2d brigade for the valuable assistance furnished me, and also to Assistant  Surgeons Githius, Trush, Rouse, and Simmonds
for the  indefatigable zeal, energy, and ability with which  they have  so ably seconded and carried out all the suggestions made
to them.   To Surgeons Williams and Wilson, who daily came to assist us, all feel  grateful;  while to others yvho so  seldom
visited  here, yve would say that many valuable cases seen here might have been productive of useful information if they had
come more frequently."      *      *      *


CCLIV.  Extract from a Report of the Casualties in  the Fourteenth  Corps at the  Battle of
     Jonesboro', Georgia, September 1, 1861.   By Surgeon AV  C. Daniels, U. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  a rpne t0£aj niimfoer 0f wounded received into hospital was seven hundred and forty-nine, of whom ninety-eight
died.  There were  twenty-four amputations of the thigh, and five deaths; tyventy-one amputations of the leg, and six deaths;
twenty-three amputations of the arm, with three deaths, and four successful amputations of the fore-arm.   Tyvo excisions of the
head of the femur and one of the shaft, all  proving fatal; two of the fibula and five of the head of the humerus, all successful.
Eleven miscellaneous resections yvere performed with but one fatal  result.  Tyvo  cases of compound fracture of the femur, in
which the patients refused to  submit to an operation, terminated fatally,  and also one case of ligation of the femoral artery for
secondary haemorrhage.  Chloroform yvas administered in three hundred and twenty-four cases, yvithout an unfavorable symptom
resulting from its  use.  The  yvhole number of operations  performed was ninety-three, of which  eighteen resulted fatally.
Partial amputations of the hands and feet are not enumerated.  No hospital  gangrene, pyaemia or erysipelas has been observed
in any of the above, noted cases."     *
 CCLV.   Extract  from  a  Report  of  the   Operations  of  the Medical  Department of the
       Twentieth Corps, in the Campaign ending with  the fall  of Atlanta.   By  Surgeon John
      AV.  Foye, U. S. Volunteers.

       *  *   *   " This command, formed by the consolidation of the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps, numbered tyventy thousand
 five hundred and thirty-one men under the command of Major General Joseph Hooker, and left Lookout Valley, May 5th, 1864.
 The troops, many of them veterans, yvere in fine condition, if yve except a portion of one division that had but recently returned
 from a severe campaign in the eastern part of Tennessee,  during which they yvere deprived  of  the vegetables issued to their
 comrades along the line of railroad communication.  On the morning of May 8th, the left of the command became engaged yvith
 the enemy at Mill Creek Gap, on Taylor's Ridge, one of the series  of ridges known collectively as Buzzard Roost, and after a
 brisk fight of about five hours, in which advantages were gained and lost, darkness closed the struggle  and gave us an oppor-
 tunity to care for and remove the wounded.   The supplies  of stimulants and surgical appliances were abundant; but they did
 not reach the field until several hours after yve became engaged, in consequence of the roads being occupied by the troops. Our
 panniers furnished the requisite dressings until the arrival of the wagons.  A field hospital yvas established half a mile from the
 foot of the ridge and  one mile from the enemy.  Water yvas abundant, and our supplies of fresh beef and hospital stores yvere
 ample.  Our yvounded yvere removed from the summit of the ridge to the base on blankets and  shelter  tents, and were thence
 conveyed in ambidances  to the field hospital.   The fire yvas principally from musketry  at short range.  Chloroform was the
 anaesthetic used and no bad results have been observed during the campaign.  We lost forty-nine killed,  and one hundred and
 eighty-four yvounded men yvere treated in the  field  hospital,  of whom seven died  during  the night.   Eleven amputations and
 seven excisions  were performed during the night  subsequent to the fight.  At eleven o'clock on  May 9th, the wounded yvere
 placed in ambulances and sent under the charge of three  medical  officers and a proper number of  attendants to Ringgold, a
 distance of  twenty-five miles.  One death occurred on the route.  On May 12, the  command  moved to the right, and, passing
 through Snake Creek Gap, came upon the enemy near Resaca, and  after a series of manoeuvres, became engaged shortly after
 noon on May 15th.  The troops numbered about sixteen thousand and yvere in good condition.   The supplies yvere abundant and
 of good quality.  The field hospital yvas located about a mile and a half in the rear, near a  good supply of yvater.   The yvounded
were conveyed from the field  depots to the field hospital in ambulances, and their removal  was completed about tyvo  o'clock on 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON  JOHN  W. FOYE.
305
the morning after the battle.  The fire Avas from artillery and musketry, the latter being at short range and very severe in the assault
upon the enemy's Avorks, yvhich yvere captured.  The yvounded yvere transferred from the field hospitals to the general field hospital
of the department of the Cumberland, located at Resaca.  The transfer yvas completed on May 22d.  Eleven hundred and seventy-
two yvounded yvere treated at the three division hospitals, and betyveen seventy-five and eighty died within five  days after the
battle.   I regret my inability to furnish exact data of this as yvell as of several subsequent engagements, as my predecessor failed
to retain copies of his classified returns, and I am compelled to omit those furnished by the 3d division as unreliable.  Thirty-five
amputations and eleven resections yvere performed at the 2d division  hospital;  but  of  the operations  performed at the other
hospitals I can find no record.  The command left Resaca on May 16th, in pursuit of the enemy, and after a series of skirmishes,
again met him in force at  I ).illas and became engaged from May 25th  to  29th, inclusive.   The troops yvere much exhausted by
long and heavy forced marches.  Our  supplies of stimulants, surgical  appliances  and shelter yvere ample.  The field hospitals
yvere located one and a half miles from the front;  but our lines advanced tyvo miles on the evening of May 25th, and the hospitals
were moved on the folloyving morning  to accommodate the change in  position of the troops.  In the 2d division hospital, thirty-
nine amputations and nineteen  excisions are reported.  The 1st and 3d  divisions have furnished no report of their operations.
The slightly wounded Avere placed in army Avagons and sent to Kingston, Georgia, and the more serious cases yvere sent to the
same point  in ambulances under the care of Surgeon J. V.  Kendall, 14'Jth New York Volunteers.  Tyvo days' rations yvere  sent
yvith the train and the yvounded yvere fed thrice daily yvhile in transit, by men yvho yvere detailed for that purpose to accompany
them.   Tyvelve hundred and sixty-four yvounded yvere treated in the three division hospitals.  For sixteen  days folloAving the
battle of Dallas, the men Avere exposed to a very annoying fire from the enemy, yvho was entrenched in front of Pine Knob, and on
June 16th,  an advance yvas made yvith a vieyv to dislodge him.  This action is knoyvn as the battle of Pine  Hill.   The troops yvere
yvorn out and exhausted by continued marching and building of breastworks, and the roads yvere heavy from an almost incessant
rain for ten days.  The action commenced at tyvo o'clock P. m., and continued until dark.   It Avas difficult to obtain our supplies
of stimulants and stores on account of the state of the road;  but no  actual suffering Avas experienced.  The field hospital was
established about tyvo miles from the line of attack.  Water and food yvere abundant.   There was more suffering from the  con-
stant rain and previous exhaustion than from other causes. The wounded were removed from the field depots  on litters and
thence in ambulances to the hospitals.  The fire yvas continuous from musketry and artillery, and at very short  range.  Six
hundred and forty-three yvounded yvere admitted to hospital, and thence sent to Ackworth in ambulances,  and from thence in box
ears to Chattanooga.  Each  detachment yvas accompanied by a medical officer and a sufficient number of attendants.  From
June 17th to July 1st, a series of skirmishes occurred along the edge of Nancy's or Moses's Creek, on  which our command yvas
in position.  These skirmishes yvere a  part of the general operations for the possession  of Kenesaw Mountain.  The field hospital
yvas moved seven times to accommodate itself to the ranging positions of the command.   Tyvice it  yvas driven from position by
the shells of the enemy-.  Five hundred and four patients yvith gunshot wounds received on the skirmish  line yvere admitted into
hospital.  The wounded yvere transported in ambulances to Ackworth.   On July 5th the  command left Kenesaw Mountain and
followed the enemy to Chattahoochee, skirmishing the entire distance; but yvith few casualties, seventy-one being the number
admitted to hospital for a period of nineteen days.  On July 20th, about three o'clock p. m., the battle of Peach Tree Creek yvas
fought.  It consisted of a series of assaults on the part of the enemy, each of yvhich was repulsed yvith great loss to them, and
they finally retired.  Our field hospitals yvere  situated about one mile  from the  battle-field, and yvith one exception,  yvere in
working order by the time the yvounded began to arrive.  In the exceptional case the hospital of the 3d division,  Surgeon William
Grinsted, U. S. V., surgeon-in-chief, the  yvant  of system was painfully apparent, and, but for the  kindness of  a medical
gentleman of a division of the Fourth  Corps through aid courteously tendered, much suffering yvould have ensued.   We received
into the three division hospitals during and subsequent to the battle, one  thousand and fifty-one Union yvounded, and one hundred
and six Confederate yvounded.   One  hundred and sixty-nine amputations and forty-two excisions yvere performed during the
night and day folloyving the  battle. The yvounded were  sent to Marietta and thence transferred to the field hospital of the
department of the Cumberland.  On the morning of July 21st, the command moved foryvard and took a position about tyvo miles
from the centre of the city of Atlanta.   Fortifications yvere erected and the siege of the  city lasted forty-two days, terminating
on September 2d in the occupation of the city by our forces.   During this period our proximity was such as to render hazardous
the slightest exposure of the person.   Three hundred  and  sixty-six wounded men yvere received into hospital during the siege, of
yvhom forty-three died.  Forty-five amputations were performed, with fatal results in two cases.  No wounded or sick were sent
to the rear, and although our commissariat has been a meagre one on account of our distance from a base of  supplies, yet the
patients have done well, and a large number are now on duty, yvho, under other circumstances, would be carried on the rolls of
some hospital.  The following consolidated summary of the three divisions, from July 22d to September 30th;  inclusive, will, I
think, demonstrate the advantage  of  retaining the sick and wounded with the  command when the  operations of the troops
permit it:
ADMITTED.									REMAINING.	
Sick.	Wounded.	Total.	Returned to duty.	Transferred to other hospitals.	Discharged	Died. Furloughed.		Deserted.	Sick.	Wounded.
2935	480	3415	1010	1419	4	173	1	o	755	51
      The patients transferred  to  other hospitals were Confederates and soldiers of other corps yvho were admitted to our
hospitals after the main army had moved to the right, and after our occupation of the city.  Of the one hundred and seventy-three
deaths reported, more than sixty yvere mortal yvounds.  The folloyving casualties  among the medical  officers of this command
have occurred since the commencement of the campaign:  Assistant Surgeon Taylor Elmore, 137th  New York Volunteers, died
         39 
300
APPENDED DOCUMENTS--CAMPAIGN  IN  GEORGIA.
May 27th, 1864; Surgeon  H. 8. Potter, 105th Illinois Volunteers, yvas killed on June 2d,  1864, and Surgeon W. II. Heath,
2d Massachusetts Volunteers, died on August 28th, 1864.   I regret my inability to furnish consolidated reports of  yvounds and
operations from the commencement of the campaign; but the data furnished me is so yvanting in detail as to render it valueless
for statistical purposes."       *      *       *       __________________

COLVI.   Extracts from a Report of  the Operations of the Medical Department  of  the First
     Division  of the  Twentieth  Corps  in  the   Campaign  ending  with the Fall  of Atlanta.
     By Surgeon  H.  Z. Gill, IT. S. ATolunteers.
      *  *  *  "The division yvas organized into three brigades of infantry, yvith tyvo batteries.   *   *   The effective force
of the division yvas  six thousand seven hundred and seventy-one officers and men, afterAvard  joined by the 61st Ohio Volunteers
returning from veteran furlough.   The first engagement with the enemy took place near Resaca, May 14th, and closed on the
15th.  The troops were in fine condition.   *   *  In the afternoon of the 15th, the enemy attacked our lines, and yvas repulsed,
after three several  charges, yvith great loss.  The  engagement  lasted until  seven in the evening.    The artillery did effective
service on the assaulting  columns of the  enemy.  In this engagement the  loss of the division yvas four hundred and seventeen.
* . *  The supplies yvere sufficient, and the supply of yvater abundant and  pure.  The field hospital yvas located about tyvo
miles in the rear of the  field.  Our yvounded yvere removed from the field by stretchers and ambulances. *  *   They yvere
removed  to the railroad depot, and from thence to Chattanooga, thirty-five miles distant.  *  *  The next engagement occurred
on May 25th, near Dallas.   *  *  We attacked the enemy, and drove him back to his breastworks.   Our men suffered severely
from grape and cannister at short  range.   The men yvere in  good condition, though they had marched eight miles previous to
the battle.  The hospital was established half a mile in the rear.  *  *  The yvounded  were  sent to the rear on May 27 th, to
Kingston, thirty miles distant, in ambulances.   *  *   The third engagement occurred on June 22d.  The enemy made the attack,
but yvas repulsed yvith great loss.  *  *  The  skirmishing yvas continued till yve reached a mile and a half northeast of the
Chattahoochee.  *   *  The enemy yvas repulsed with terrible slaughter,  especially by the artillery fire at short range, and the
number of killed in proportion to the yvounded yvas greater  than at any previous engagement.  The  hospital yvas two miles in
the rear of the field of battle.  *  *  The yvounded yvere removed from the hospital on the third and fourth days after the battle.
On July  23d, the division  advanced to yvithin tyvo miles of Atlanta  and  commenced  the siege yvhich resulted in its capture.
During the siege the troops suffered considerably from scorbutus on account of the limited quantity of vegetable diet furnished
them.  The  climate of the  region through yvhich we  passed was generally healthy, and our men suffered comparatively little
from diseases except such  as yvere of a  dietetic character.  The  command yvas reduced during the campaign from casualties,
disease, and muster out, to four thousand five hundred and thirty-five officers and men.   The medical supplies yvere in abundance,
and stimulants, surgical  appliances, and tents were sufficient for the demand.  The operations, especially the more important
amputations, were generally performed yvithin thirty hours after the injury.  There was generally an abundance of spring yvater.
In the removal of the wounded from the field hospitals, preparations, after reaching the  railroad, yvere  all that could be expected.
Medical attendants always accompanied them, and as the line of march was usually near the railroad, the distance for their
removal by ambulances was not very great."      *      *       *
CCLVII.   Extracts from a Report on the  Operations of the Medical Department of the Second
      Division of the  Twentieth  Corps in the  Campaign ending with  the Fall of Atlanta.  By
      Surgeon H. E. Goodman, IT. S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "This  division, under command of General Geary, yvith Surgeon Alfred Ball, 5th  Ohio Volunteers, as chief
medical officer,  left  Chattanooga Valley  on May 3d,  and numbered seven thousand and forty-three officers and men.  The
command yvas in  excellent condition, yvell equipped, and with no prevalent disease except scurvy. The sick, tyvo hundred and
fifty in number, most of them suffering from scorbutus, were left at Chattanooga.   Vegetables were issued freely during three
yveeks before starting, but none during the winter.  We engaged the  enemy at Mill Creek Gap on May 8th.  The command
was exhausted  by long marches by day and night over roads made heavy by the rain.   Stimulants and surgical appliances
yvere abundant,  but did  not reach us till two hours after the action opened.  Dressings in the meantime were obtained in amplo
quantity from the hospital panniers.  The field hospital yvas established one mile in the rear, where we had full supplies of yvater
and food.  One  hundred and eighty-four yvounded yvere received into the hospital.  Eleven amputations and seven resections
yvere performed.  On the following day the yvounded were removed in ambulances to Ringgold, under the charge of Assistant
Surgeons Applegate, Darling, and Strickland.   The ground occupied by our troops during the  action  being very rough and
broken, many men were disabled by contusions and sprains.   On  May 15th, yve  engaged the enemy at Resaca, the  division
being about five thousand six  hundred strong.   The weather was fine, and the supplies of hospital stores, surgical appliances,
and food yvere abundant.  The field hospital yvas established about a mile and a half from the battle-field, and the tents yvere
up before the yvounded  began to come in.   AVe  received two hundred and thirty-six Union and forty-six rebel yvounded, of
yvhom fourteen  Union and six rebels died in the hospital.  Tyventy-five amputations and fifteen resections were practiced on
Union soldiers,  and  ten amputations and one resection on Confederates.  The Avounded were brought on stretchers from the
field to the depots, and from thence in ambulances to the field hospitals.  Chloroform Avas used in all  cases requiring it, with no
bad results.   The Avounded  remained in the division field hospital  until  May 21st, when they yvere transferred to the general
field hospital at Resaca, under the charge of Surgeon J.  W. Foye, U. S. V.  On May 16th, the command followed the enemy,
and marched to Cassville, yvhere fifteen days' rations yvere supplied, and all the sick were sent to the rear,   liy a flank movement
through Burnt Hickory Pass,  we came upon the  enemy at Pumpkin Vine Creek, and fought the battle of Neyv Hope Church or
Dallas on May 25th,  26th, 27th, 2.-th, and 29th.  The troops were much exhausted by long and heavy marches, and the command
numbered about five thousand men.  The  field  hospital was established about half a mile from  the line of battle; but late at 
REPORT  OF SURGEON  II.  E.  GOODMAN.
307
night the line yvas advanced tyvo miles, and the  hospital was moved  foryvard.  Tents Avere erected, and the Avounded  Avere all
sheltered the first night.   Food, dressings, and  stimulants Avere abundant, and the supply of water Avas  ample.  Thirty-nine
amputations and nineteen resections Avere performed at the field hospital.  ()n the first day the fire Avas continuous from musketry
and  artillery, and from fifty to five hundred yards range, lasting nine hours.   On the other six days the firing Avas principally
from musketry, continuous and desultory, and artillery fire yvith grape and canister at intervals.  All the slightly wounded yvere
sent to Kingston in army yvagons, and the severe cases were removed in ambulances,  under the  charge of Surgeon Kendall,
149th Ncav York Volunteers.  Tavo days' rations  Avere cooked for them before starting, and the  patients were fed  three times a
day while in transit.   There being no preparations made at Kingston for their reception, Assistant Surgeon L. Applegate, 102d New
York Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeon Burbeck, 60th Neyv York Volunteers, remained  there in charge of them.  The division
commander's official report gives the number of officers killed as three, and enlisted men forty-nine, while seventeen officers and
four hundred and twenty-two men yvere yvounded.  .Many of the yvounds yvere very severe.  TAvelve  cases of penetrating gunshot
yvounds of the abdomen, yvith eleven deaths, are recorded.   Chloroform yvas used in all operations, but yvith no bad results.  On
June 15th, the  battle of Pine Hill yvas fought.  The troops yvere yvorn out and exhausted by continuous marching, building
breastworks, and the prevalence of heavy rains for ten days, and they had been exposed to  a continuous fire since May 25th.
The force engaged Avas about five  thousand men of this division.  The field hospital Avas established about tAvo miles from the
line of attack.   Water and food Avere  abundant, and the Avounded were all sheltered in  tents;  but the supplies of stimulants
and  surgical appliances yvere scanty on account of the bad state of the roads.  The fire of the enemy yvas continuous from
musketry and  artillery, at a range of from  tyventy-five to one hundred yards.   The yvounded yvere removed from the  field on
blankets and stretchers, and yvere sent  in ambulances to Ackworth, and from thence to Chattanooga in box cars.  The wounds
yvere mainly severe, and much suffering resulted in  transportation.   The official report of the division commander gives  the
number of killed and yvounded as folloyvs:  One officer and eighty-one men killed, and tyventy-five officers and four hundred and
seven men Avounded;  a total loss of five hundred and fourteen in this division.  From June 17th to June 31st, the actions of Gulp's
Farm, Nancy's  Creek, and  Moses Creek were fought; the battle is  knoyvn as Kenesayv Mountain.  The  men were still very
much exhausted, and the  division numbered about four thousand one hundred men.  The field hospital yvas moved six or seven
times to accommodate the changes in  position, and yvas ahvays yvithin one mile  of the  line of battle.   The supplies of water,
food, tents, stimulants, and  surgical appliances yvere abundant.  Twelve amputations and six resections are reported; but some
reports are missing.  The yvounded yvere  sent in  ambulances to Ackworth, and placed in the department hospital.   Medical
officers and  attendants  accompanied the wounded, and they yvere well supplied  with food yvhile in transit.  Chloroform yvas
used as an anaesthetic in all cases, and  no bad results ensued. Tyvo officers and twenty-six men were killed, and eleven officers
and  two hundred and twenty-nine men yvere yvounded, as reported by the division  commander.  On July  1st, the division  left
Kenesayv Mountain, and followed  the  enemy to  the  Chattahoochee River, skirmishing all the yvay.  At  this  date I  relieved
Surgeon Fifield of charge of the division. On July 20th, we became engaged at Peach Tree Creek.  The division then numbered
about four thousand, and the men were in fair condition.  Our supplies of all kinds were abundant.  There were a large number
of sick on  hand, and the field hospital was established about two  and a half miles in the rear.   One section of the division
hospital was located about half a mile from the front, and the greater part of the severely injured were here received.   Six
operating tables Avere in constant use, and thirty-one amputations and six resections were performed.  The  fire Avas exceedingly
severe from both musketry and artillery.  The casualties in this division were eighty-two killed and two hundred and twenty-nine
AA'ounded.   The wounded  yvere removed a distance of three miles to Vining's Station, and Avere Avell cared for.  After the battle
of Peach Tree Creek, the command moved upon Atlanta, Avhere they entrenched about a mile and a half  from the city.  The
siege or battle of Atlanta began on July 22d and ended on August 25th.   As there was no regular battle,  I will give a resume
of the  operations  to  the ending  of the campaign  on September 3, 1864.  The strength of the division was about  thirty-five
hundred men.   They were completely  worn out  from long marching, continual skirmishing, and building  breastyvorks.  They
were, however, well fed and sheltered, and the  supply of yvater was good.  The field hospital was located three-fourths of a
mile from the line of attack, in a sheltered ravine.  The firing yvas continued for over a month, but  the men yvere well protected
by breastworks, and the casualties were few.   The yvounded were removed from time to time  to Vining's Station, and placed in
charge of Assistant Surgeon Woodworth, U. S. V., by order of the medical director of the Twentieth Corps.   Chloroform yvas used
in all cases  with no  bad results.  The division commander's official report for the campaign, beginning on May 3d and ending
September 3d,  1864, is as follows: Sixteen officers and three hundred and fifteen enlisted men killed, and ninety-seven officers  and
one thousand eight hundred and twenty-six men wounded; making a  total, in killed and wounded, of two thousand two hundred
and  fifty-four.   No account of  the sick has been taken in the report, as there  is no record of them except during the months
of July and August.   At  least one thousand men were sent to the  rear sick  during the  campaign, making a total loss to the
division of three thousand two hundred and fifty-four men,  or fifty per cent, of the entire effective force.  Scurvy has been the
great cause of sickness, and from my observation, at least two-thirds of the sick sent to the rear suffered from scorbutic affections.
One  hundred and fifty marked cases were  admitted to division hospital during the months of July and August.  The number
on sick report on September 1,  1864, was three hundred and eighty-seven."

CCLVIII.   Extracts from a  Report of  the Operations of the  Medical Department of the  Third
     Division  of  the  Twentieth  Corps  in  the Campaign   ending with  the  Fall  of Atlanta.
     By Surgeon W.  Grinsted, IT. S. Volunteers.
      * " *  *  "On May 2, 1864, we  left Lookout Valley, Tennessee, under the command of Major General Daniel Butterfield.
The force was in good health, as the sick had previously been placed in hospital at Chattanooga.  In some regiments there was
a tendency to scurvy, and a few cases of ulceration arising from vaccine virus.  These were exceedingly untractable, but gave
rise to no severe constitutional derangements.   The weather was fine,  the marches light, the roads good, and the stores sufficient.
On May 8th, we first encountered the enemy at Buzzard Roost, and in two days' operations  we had some ten men wounded.  By 
308
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—CAMPAIGN  IN  GEORGIA.
a series of light marches we arrived at Snake Creek Gap, yvhere we joined the Sixteenth Corps, and on the afternoon of May 14th,
yve had severe  skirmishing yvith the enemy, in which we had thirty-five men yvounded.  These yvere left at Barrett's farm, and
the division advanced to Resaca.   Here the command suffered severely, losing fifty-five men killed and five hundred and eiirhtv
yvounded.  Two sections of hospitals yvere on the move at the commencement of the action, and a place was selected yvith good
yvater; the tents yvere pitched, and all appliances made ready as soon as possible.  The Avounded yvere admitted and attended to
rapidly, and the yvhole number dressed, operated on, and made comfortable by ten o'clock the next morning.  1 am indebted  to
the surgeons of the 2d division, Twentieth Corps, and of the Sixteenth Corps, for timely and valuable assistance, by which many
more yvounded  yvere dressed and operated on than could have been by our oyvn medical staff, yvho yvorked faithfully the yvhole
night, without intermission.   Many of the wounded yvere still left, yvho received the requisite attention that morning.  The fire
yvas  close,  from four pieces of artillery, and that from musketry, both at long and short range, through black jacks and pine
saplings, and in an open  field.  There  yvas no marked distinction in the character of the yvounds, except that  proportionally
more yvere  slightly yvounded  both  in the superior and  inferior extremities than in any subsequent action.   There yvas here no
lack of supplies, and the men were yvell fed and sheltered.  The yvounded, with those left at Barrett's farm, remained nearly a
week, and  Avere then sent in ambulances to the field hospital at Resaca, in charge of Assistant Surgeon M. C. Woodyvorth,
U. S. V.   The hospital was left in charge of Surgeon J. G.  McPheeters,  33d Indiana Volunteers.   Oyving  to Assistant Surgeon
Stanway, yvho yvas regularly  detailed as recorder, not reporting yvith the rest of the medical staff at the time of action, the official
records are neither so full  or correct as 1 could  yvish them.  Of the capital operations, yvhich yvere  performed by a skilful and
careful corps, amputations yvere both circular and flap, at the option of the operator.  In injuries about the head of the humerus,
excisions were  preferred to amputations at the shoulder.   Wounds penetrating  the thorax  and abdomen yvere fatal, yvith some
few exceptions.  In every case of yvounds inducing  hernia cerebri, death ensued.  On May 17th, Ave left  for Cassville, and on
May 19th,  late  in the evening, the troops having been in line of battle and marching, yvith frequent halts, they fought the battle
of Cassville, capturing the town.   Ten men yvere wounded, and they were placed in a comfortable house and immediately
attended to, and then sent to  the rear in ambulances.  The yveather yvas fine, with occasional shoyvers; the roads yvere in good
condition, and the troops were in good health and spirits.  No local cause of disease existed beyond the consequent fatigue of a
campaign.   There were feyv cases of sickness requiring continuous treatment.   Tavo days' rest after the affair at Cassville, yvith
facilities  for washing and bathing, of yvhich the men availed themselves, contributed greatly to their endurance of the subsequent
fatigues.   On May 23d, yve crossed the Etowah River, and on the 25th we suddenly met the enemy at Neyv  Hope Church, before
Dallas.   When I found that a battle yvas impending, I  turned the regimental panniers, steyvards, etc., to the right and rear, and
established a hospital at the  house of one Hayvkins, a mile and a half from the front, on a good  smooth road.   I yvas ordered
still  further to the rear, across Pumpkin Vine Creek; "but the roads being full of advancing troops, I was unable  to obey. The
hospital  train yvas cut off,  but by strenuous exertions it arrived at six o'clock a. m. on the 26th.   We had the usual operating
corps, and  a sufficiency of appliances except blankets and tents.   The men were under shelter, and those  of our own  division,
as well as over one hundred yvounded of the first division, yvho, at  the request of Surgeon Cox, U. S. V., were attended,  operated
on, and made comfortable  that night.  The yvounds were not of a peculiarly grave nature.   On May 26th, the line of battle was
advanced, and  the hospital tents yvere pitched a mile and a half in the rear.   The location was good, yvell  protected, yvood and
water in abundance, and  on  a good road.  The  army medical supply train here  came up, and  our supplies, though not yet
exhausted, were replenished.   The sick  and yvounded were sent on May 29th to Kingston, the graver cases in ambulances, and
the slighter cases in army yvagons—the only time, I am happy to say, that yve had to use such transportation during this campaign.
From our advent until  the advance from this position on May 31st, there yvas continuous firing, with occasional sharp attacks
both by  day and night, resulting ahvays in the repulse of the enemy. Our troops being behind breastyvorks yvere not exposed,
but the  yvounds received  were severe.  In  the yvhole  of this action  we had two hundred  and fifty-four yvounded.  From the
nature of the enemy's campaign (a retreat) little artillery yvas used by them until the  affair of Kenesayv Mountain, so that the
wounds yvere from musketry  chiefly.  At this time, the effects of fatigue became  apparent in the health of the men, and those
of slight constitution began to fail; but yvith the exception of a few cases of scurvy, no serious or formidable diseases  attacked
the troops.  The usual disorders of the digestive organs incident to camp life neither increased nor diminished in a perceptible
degree.   I  regret to state that on June 2, 1864, Surgeon  H. S. Potter, 105th Illinois Volunteers, yvas killed  by an unexploded
shell, yvhich struck him  in  the forehead.  He yvas universally regretted, no less for his professional acquirements  than  his
gentlemanly demeanor.  Until June  9th  or 10th, this division yvas  held in reserve.   For two yveeks it had rained heavily,
and  the  roads  were much cut up;  but the rain had  no visible  effect on the health of the troops.   On  June 15th, yve had a
sharp fight at  Golgotha, in yvhich Major Griffin of the 19th Michigan Volunteers was mortally yvounded.  One hundred and
eleven yvounded yvere received into  the hospital that night.  By yvorking until nearly daylight, all yvere yvell attended.  The
supplies  were  plentiful, and  the  hospital yvas  in  good  order to receive patients.    The yvounded were  sent to Ackyvorth
Avith, as  in all cases of  transfer, cooked  and  raw rations, and a medical  officer in charge of the train.  The sick and  wounded
from this diA'ision have ahvays been supplied yvith a medical officer, nurses, and rations;  also stimulants, etc., in being moved
from one place  to another, although it has not always been practicable to make coffee on the  yvay.  On June 19th, we crossed
Moses's Creek yvith  the hospital, and received some tyventy-five yvounded, when, from the position of the enemy immediately in
our front, yve were obliged to leave that location in  haste.  We went a mile to the rear and re-established.  This was the only
time  yve had to remove the hospital  during the campaign.   On June 22d, we received some two hundred wounded,  as our division
was sharply engaged.  Four deaths occurred here.   On June 24th, the wounded yvere removed to Ackyvorth, and one  section
of the  hospital  moved  yvith the forces to  Culp's farm, on the Marietta and  Sandtown road.   Here yve remained several days.
There yvas  some heavy skirmishing and a feyv yvounded, most of them fatally.  The brigade organization of hospitals  yvas now
abandoned, and the yvhole consolidated into  a division hospital.   On Sunday, July 3, 1864,  Ave  moved forward toward  Marietta,
and had three  men Avounded by shell  on the  march, yvhom Ave tranported in ambulances several days, but  yvho  did yvell
notyvithstanding.  The command moving  slowly, one section of the  hospital was always up yvith it.  There was skirmishing
for some  tyvo Aveeks, Avith  but feAV casualties.   Scorbutic affections increased, and on July 10th, seventy-five men  yvere sent to 
                            REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS  GRINSTED  AND  HEWIT.                        309

Marietta general field hospital.  The yveather continued fine and yvarm.   On July 20th, yve met the enemy, and after a sharp
fight of three or four hours, yve drove him Avith severe loss.  In this action the 3d division had three hundred and forty-five men
yvounded.   There yvere also one hundred and ten Confederate wounded brought into hospital.   But one section of the hospital
yvas at this time present yvith the command, the rest yvas at Buckhead and beyond, yvith some tyvo hundred and fifty sick.  The
yvounded yvere fed and attended to  as promptly as possible until the  next day, yvhen the remaining sections of the hospital
arrived, and all yvere  placed under  shelter.   The yvounds received during this action yvere of a  severe character, the  enemy
charging boldly.  The Confederates  received yvere very severely yvounded, many having from three to five wounds; a single
yvound being exceptional.  Six  died  on the same night  they yvere received, and some thirty more prior to their transportation.
To the surgeons of the Fourth Corps I am indebted for  valuable assistance, croyvded as  was the medical staff, by the influx
of nearly five hundred yvounded in a  feAV hours.  There yvere sufficient commissary and hospital supplies to meet all requirements,
and the Avounded Avere taken in ambulances to Vining's Station.  Tyventy-one deaths occurred in this hospital.  On July 24th,
yve moved on the Marietta and Sandtoyvn road to yvithin a mile of our lines north of Atlanta, and  lay there one month, during
yvhich  time I yvas  relieved from my duties as surgeon-in-chief of the  3d  division, Tyventieth Corps, and  ordered  to report to
Major Reynolds, as surgeon-in-chief of the Artillery Corps.  But as I am cognizant of the operations of the hospital, I continue.
The  hospital although in  advance,  in a seemingly  exposed site during the yvhole siege  of Atlanta, escaped shot and  shell.
Surgeon Cooper, U. S. A., medical director, gave me explicit instructions that  in case shot or shell came into the hospital to
remove instantly.  A site yvas selected in the rear, but yvas never occupied.  The location used yvas dry, easily drained, yvith
plenty of good cool yvater, and  accessible from  the division.  The  division marched to the right, but the hospital remained,
yvith the exception of one section under the  charge  of Surgeon  B. L. Hovey, yvhich  marched yvith the division to the right
and returned.  During the month yve laid here, many men yvere yvounded  while in camp,  in the head, boyvels, and chest, and
fifteen died of their yvounds.   The number of casualties in this division before Atlanta amounted to fifteen killed and ninety-six
yvounded.   With the exception of the lack of vegetables, the command and hospital did not suffer.  There  yvas an increased
number of admissions from sickness incident to the protracted campaign and the season; but, for the most part, these have since
been returned to duty.  On August 25th, the division fell back over the Chattahoochee River.  The  hospital  yvas located near
the railroad bridge.  Tyvo men only were yvounded in this division, and two men of the Fourteenth Corps were also wounded
by the explosion of a shell.  Both yvere cases for amputation, and they yvere sent to the field hospital at Atlanta.  On September
4th, the hospital  yvas moved  to  an eligible site in Atlanta, where it remains at present.   *  *  In all cases of capital operations
and painful examinations of  yvounds, chloroform generally, and sometimes ether, has been used, and I  am gratified to remark
that no ill effect, save nausea and vomiting, has occurred from it.  In conclusion, I am proud  to acknowledge the patient kindness,
skill, and ability exhibited by the medical staff of this  division during this* arduous campaign."             *
 CCLIX.   Report  on  the  Military Medicine,   urgery, and  General  Conduct of  the  Medical
      Department  of the Army of  the  Ohio  from  May 1,  1S64,  to  September 8,  1864.   By
      Surgeon  H.  S. Hewit,  IT.  S. Volunteers, Medical Director.
      *  #  *  ti -jne compiete medical and surgical history of a great campaign yvould be the most valuable contribution that could
 be made to the literature of military  medicine.  Under the present system of organization and distribution of labor, duty, and the
 average standard of exact scientific culture and professional enthusiasm, approximate efforts are alone practicable.  The present
 attempt to render  a trustworthy record of facts, and some of the results of individual and collective experience, it is hoped may
 not prove wholly valueless.  The observations and suggestions which are called forth by the discussion of the great questions
 involved, are offered with a sincere desire to do something, however little,  to promote  the interests of the  medical  department
 of the army, the honor of the profession, and the advancement of the common objects, science, military efficiency, humanity, and
 true civilization for the status of the  medical profession is the best index of the state of true civilization in any age or nation.
      The army of the Ohio, which participated in the Atlanta campaign, was composed of the Twenty-third  Army Corps and
 a body of cavalry, sometimes called  a command and sometimes a corps, under Major General  Stoneman, U. S. V.  At the com-
 mencement of the campaign, the 2d  and 3d divisions of the Twenty-third Array Corps, were  stationed  on  the line of the East
 Tennessee and Virginia railroad, extending as far as Russellville.  The cavalry was at Mount Sterling, Kentucky,  receiving a
 new outfit of horses and equipments.  The infantry commenced  its march in the latter part of April, and  headquarters moved
 from Knoxville on the last day of the month.  The rendezvous was made at Red Clay, Georgia,  and I  joined the command  on
 May 6th.  The tyvo divisions which had  been on duty in East Tennessee, it must be  remembered, had passed through all the
 toils and hardships of  the siege of Knoxville and the subsequent winter and spring campaigns. The  first division, under Brig-
 adier General Hovey, joined the army at  Cleveland on the march to  Red Clay.  It was composed of  newly  enlisted recruits,
 many of yvhom were old men  and  boys, who had been mustered into service without critical inspection. The proportion of
 disability in  the division has been,  as a consequence,  always exceedingly large.  No specific report of this  division has been
 made, for the reason that it was very soon merged into the other two  divisions.   The organization of the medical department of
 the army was as follows:  Surgeon Edward Shippen, U.  S. V., medical director of the Twenty-third Corps; Surgeon George A.
 Collamore, 100th  Regiment  Ohio Volunteers, surgeon-in-chief 3d division; Surgeon J. W. Lawton,  U. S. V., surgeon-m-chief
2d division,  and Surgeon  J. H. Spurier, 123d Indiana Volunteers, surgeon-in-chief 1st division.   Before leaving Knoxville I
organized a special operating board,  composed of the following officers: Surgeon C. S. Frink, U. S. V., Surgeon C. W. McMillan,
 1st Tennessee Volunteers.  *   * The ambulance order had, in the meantime, been received,  and the system  which I adopted
previously was so far modified as  to conform to it.  *  *  Great difficulty was  experienced in  obtaining a sufficient number
of vehicles fit for use, and mules of good quality.   As soon as railroad communication yvas opened with Knoxville in the spring,
I had caused a large quantity of medical and hospital supplies to be  accumulated at  that point,  and from  this  store the army
procured its  field outfit for the commencement of the campaign.  The troops moved from Red  Clay to co-operate yvith the other 
310
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--CAMPAIGN  IN  GEORGIA.
forces of the military diA'ision of the Mississippi, on May 7th, and participated in the battle of Dalton and Rocky Face Ridge on
the 9th.   The losses yvere slight in this engagement.  The wounded were  promptly removed and subsequently conveyed to
buildings near Tunnel Hill Station, from yvhence they were sent to Chattanooga.  It yvas found,  hoAvever, that no sufficient pro-
vision had been made for the reception  of any yvounded excepting those belonging to the Department of the Cumberland, and,
consequently, I gave directions for the extension of hospital  accommodations at Knoxville for the department of the Ohio.  The
Department of the Tennessee selected Rome as its hospital centre at a later period.   The cavalry,  yvith Surgeon A. M. Wilder,
U. 8. V., (yvho had previously been relieved from the Tyventy-third Corps and assigned to it in order that its medical organization
might be placed on a proper basis, and  medical officers instructed in  their duties,) as medical director, joined on the  10th instant.
Not being, at this time, furnished with ambulances, and the commanding officer refusing to alloyv them, an order yvas given by
General Sherman to provide for the wounded of the cavalry, yvhen incapable of  transportation, by leaving them at the houses of
the inhabitants, and contracting to pay  one dollar per day for their board and care;  this amount to be payable in gold by any IT.
S. disbursing officer.  Addititional stretchers were procured at this time, and an extra supply of chloroform and stimulants.  On
the 12th, the troops having been successfully withdrawn from the front of Dalton and Rocky Face,  commenced a  march by the
right flank, by Snake Creek Gap,, toyvard Resaca, whither the  enemy had retreated, and  on the 13th, advanced through Sugar
Valley and Avent into position.  The battle of Resaca was fought on the 14th and 15th.  As soon as the troops yvere deployed, a
house was selected as the nucleus of a general field hospital.  The tyvo divisions occupied contiguous ground, and  the operating
staff worked  as  their  services  yvere  most needed.   *   *   Primary depots were established in  convenient positions.   The
ambulances yvere stationed at points easy of access, and the yvounded after being temporarily dressed, yvere  promptly conveyed
to the field hospital.  Operations yvere performed with little delay, and by noon of the 15th, many capital operations had  been
performed, the wounded sheltered, fed, and the hospital in successful  operation.   A large quantity of hay was found on the ground
and made use of as bedding.   A delegation of highly respectable gentlemen from Neyv York  and Brooklyn, who arrived on the
field and visited the hospital,  had an opportunity of witnessing the method of improvising accommodations for great numbers of
yvounded men in the midst of battle.   *  *  I am not aware that any soldier  suffered for yvhat his  case absolutely required, or
lost his life through carelessness or neglect  on  the part  of  surgeons or attendants.  The  enemy evacuated his position on the
right, between the 15th and 16th.  Orders were immediately sent to move the wounded into the  station at Resaca for convenience
of supply and transportation  to  the rear.   This yvas accomplished with much suffering and  considerable  delay.  Temporary
hospitals were established at Resaca, the yvounded  collected from the different field hospitals, and transferred to Chattanooga as
rapidly as possible.  This duty yvas performed, under the supervision of Medical  Inspector Coolidge, U. S. A.   No  action of
moment occurred from this time till the battle of Dallas.  The movements were  in column for a  short  distance,  and then fre-
quently for miles, slowly, in line of battle.  There yvas continued skirmishing but no very severe  marching, and no heavy fighting.
The country yvas high  and rolling, the water pure, and  the  yveather delightful.   The external  conditions for successful  cam-
paigning were all that  could be desired, and the  troops were in excellent spirits. The disabilities at this time, as the regimental
sick reports yvill show, were extremely feyv and of a mild character.  On the 20th the army went into camp at Cassville Station.
Orders were given to send all sick and disabled men to the  rear, and arrangements yvere made to  obtain fresh supplies and an
additional quantity of hospital tents.   The entire department  yvas  reorganized for  a continuance of the campaign in the  most
active  manner.  On the 24th, the Etowah was safely crossed, and, on the 25th, the battle of Dallas commenced. As soon as the
Tyventy-third Corps was in position in front of the  rebel yvorks, a safe place at a convenient distance yvas selected and the general
field hospital of the army yvas established by divisions.  Accommodations yvere extended by building booths of leaves and boughs
upon strong frames, and beds yvere made of pine boughs.  The operating staff  had, in the meantime, reported, after discharging
their duty to the  yvounded at Resaca.   The fact that no great numbers of wounded yvere throyvn  suddenly upon the hospital at one
time, ensured for each  case prompt and thorough attention.  This hospital continued in operation until the  31st, when the sick
and yvounded yvere sent  in yvagons, carefully packed with boughs,  and in ambulances, to Kingston, a distance of tyventy miles,
for transportation by railroad to the rear.   This duty was  performed under the immediate superintendence of Surgeon R. M.
S. Jackson, U. S. V., and yvas preparatory to making a movement  to  the left flank.   On the  2d and 3d of June, the hospitals
yvere moved up to the rear of the new  position  occupied  by the troops of the Tyventy-third  Corps  which had advanced on the
left.  The flank movement having turned the right of the  enemy, and the cavalry having occupied Alatoona, on the railroad, it
yvas selected as a sight for a general field hospital.   Accordingly the sick and yvounded yvhich had accumulated since the 31st of
May yvere sent thither, and steps taken to  render  their condition as comfortable as possible.  The hospital yvas  placed under
charge of Surgeon C. AY. McMillan, and soon afterward Surgeon F. Meacham, yvho yvas  relieved from charge of 3d division, by
Surgeon Charles F. Frink, U. S. V.  The special operating  board was noyv dissolved, and the  organization of division hospitals
having become perfected the surgeons of divisions selected their oyvn operators.  *  *  The practice of primary operations was
continued.  *  *  The next great military movement yvas the advance upon the enemy's position at  Kenesayv Mountain, covering
Marietta and the  Chattahoochee.  The general hospital yvas retained at Allatoona and improved as far as practicable.  The field
hospitals Avere established in the rear of their respective divisions, and the wounded transferred from there to Allatoona as fast
as they became full.  The distance Avas twelve to fifteen miles and  the roads in very bad condition.  This method was pursued
until the turning  of the left yving of Johnson's army yvas successfully accomplished, and Marietta  uncovered.  This toyvn was
immediately made the  depot of quartermaster and  commissary supplies, and also  the  hospital center.  *  *  The same method
yvas observed in regard to the hospital  at Marietta, as had been when located  at Allatoona.  The yvounded yvere  transferred as
rapidly as possible from  the division to the general hospital,  first by yvagons, yvell padded yvith cotton, when it could be procured,
or yvith pine boughs, and afterward by rail.  This duty yvas superintended by Surgeon Wilder, and too much praise cannot be
ayvarded him for his zeal, intelligence, energy, and humanity.   *  *  The crossing of the Chattahoochee folloAved, made first  by the
Tyventy-third Corps, under the immediate supervision of Major General Schofield, on July 8th, and the battle of the 19th, 20th,
and 22d folloyved, in all yvhich, the Tyventy-third Corps Avas engaged.   The Avounded Avere equally promptly cared for, and the
operations were in all cases primary.   They yvere transferred yvith care and rapidity to the noyv yvell furnished and comfortable
hospital at Marietta.   On August 1st the Tyventy-third Corps  began its movement to the right with the vieyv of cutting the East 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  HEWIT.
311
 Point railroad or taking the Station  of  that name.  This manoeuvre yvas folloyved  by the  actions of Utoy Creek, on  the  3d,
 skirmishing during the succeeding days  and an assault on the Oth.   During these engagements field, receiving, and operating
 depots were established near the front, while the main division hospitals were kept some distance in the rear and beyond Utoy
 Creek.  The assault of the 6th was repulsed and many of the wounded were left on the ground until the succeeding day, Avhen
 the extension of our lines to the right, compelled the enemy to leave their position and permitted our stretcher-bearers to gather
 the wounded and bring them in.   The position gradually extended to the right, was  held till the 29th instant.   There was no
 severe fighting, but constant skirmishing and a few Avounded every day, not averaging more than eight or ten.  On the 29th, the
 last great flank movement commenced.   It was preceded by removing the sick and wounded  to the general hospital at Marietta,
 and sending back such men as yvould not be able, in all probability, to make  the march.   They yvere transferred by yvagons and
 ambulances to the railroad a distance of  eight miles and thence transferred to Marietta.   During the movement the Twenty-third
 Corps was but slightly engaged, and the loss yvas very light.  On the march  I visited a Confederate field hospital, containing the
 most severely yvounded of the battle of Jonesboro', under charge of Surgeon Abernathy, C. S. A.,  and offered him any supplies of
 medicines or stores he needed.  He accepted a small quantity of morphine only.  I also obtained permission from General Schofield
 to furnish him yvith sugar and coffee,  as tar as the condition of our supplies yvould permit. On the 5th the retrogade movement
 commenced, and on the 8th the  army of the Ohio  encamped at  Decatur and enjoyed a yvell-earned and much needed repose.
 The foregoing is a brief sketch of the military features of the campaign, together with the points  of interest in regard to the
 transfer of sick and yvounded from front to rear and their care on the field of battle.   It was my intention at the commencement
 of the campaign to have required histories of all the more important cases, in order to make a contribution  to the medical and
 surgical history of substantial value.  It yvas found, however, that the necessities of field service, the physical fatigue of officers,
 and the rapid transfer of patients to the  rear, forbade systematic scientific records, embracing complete histories.   On June 9th
 I relieved Surgeon Wilder from the cavalry command, and appointed him acting medical inspector of  the  department, yvith a
 vieyv of securing all the facts possible through his zeal and industry.  I am thus enabled to  present the results of a very large
 number of operations.   A ratio of  the mortality of the entire campaign, both from disease and  yvounds, is subjoined."   *  *   *
       A feAV general  observations on the surgical principles and treatment recommended and generally adopted are presented
 Avith reference to the foregoing brief history and accompanying reports.  A consolidated tabular statement of wounds, injuries,
 and operations,  compiled from the returns made from time to time to the  Surgeon General, is appended.   I found the  surgeons
 of the  department divided  into two  classes;  one yvith  extravagant  ideas of the power of  conservative surgery, and greatly
 exaggerated opinions  of its value, and the  other despising conservatism, and disposed to deny its  utility altogether.   It is not
 difficult to understand hoyv such differences should  exist yvhen the results of conservatism in civil life are contrasted with the
 failures constantly met yvith in military practice.  The men yvho had read much and seen little yvere highly conservative, yvhile
 those, yvho had read little and seen much yvere the reverse.   I made an effort, by the organization of a medical society before the
 army left tbe vicinity of Knoxville, and using every means to secure full attendance and fair  discussion, to apply the  remedy by
 an interchange  of knowledge  and experience to false and extreme ideas, and to obtain a safe mean of opinion  and practice.
 For my oyvn part  I inculcated in  the strongest manner  that amputation was to be employed  in almost every penetrating injury
 of tbe knee-joint,  and I made consultation obligatory in all doubtful cases.  The same rule yvas applied to gunshot wounds
 involving the ankle-joint.   Resections  of much length of the continuity of the  long bones of the femur and humerus yvere
 discountenanced unless in exceptional cases, particularly in yvhich to relieve suffering or to facilitate dressing or transportation,
 they yvere permitted.   Excision yvas encouraged yvhen the head of the humerus yvas shattered, and partial excision of the tarsus
 or carpus advised  in cases yvhich  admitted hope of saving the hand or foot in  a condition of even partial usefulness.  It yvas
 enjoined on the surgeons to excise the head of the femur yvhen it was severely fractured yvithout comminution of the shaft.  But
 no case, to my knoyvledge, favorable for excision of the hip-joint  occurred in the army of the Ohio  during  the campaign.   Tyvo
 cases of amputation at the hip-joint have been  performed yvith my sanction and in my presence; one at Knoxville and  one on
 the field near Kenesayv.  Both yvere operations of last  resort, and both proved fatal before  the patient could be removed from
 the table.  I may  remark, in passing, that  I performed the  operation of  excision at the hip-joint after the battle of Jackson,
 Mississippi,  in May 1863,* for comminution of the great trochanter and head of the  femur.   The patient died in four days, but
 the progress  of the case and, the mildness of the symptoms justify, in my mind, the opinion that the  operation yvill frequently
 save life in a class of injuries from their nature, almost yvithout exception,  fatal.  I have removed the larger portion of the great
 trochanter twice yvith  good results as secondary operations.  The principle of removing fragments primarily yvhen detached is
 obvious, and has been recommended  to  the surgeons of the  department.   Compound comminuted fractures of the thigh yvere
 almost invariably amputated primarily yvhen  reaction took place.   The  operation yvas  commonly yvell borne, and the tabular
 statements will  shoyv a larger  proportion  than  usual of recoveries.   In  hopeless comminution of thigh, ease of  position with
 reference to drainage, and support  of the poyvers of  life, yvere the only points considered  in treatment.  I have ahvays insisted
 that this class of cases should  be transported by hand yvhenever it became necessary to move them, and  have been usually able
 to retain them in  the  field  hospitals  yvithout removal, excepting for short distances carefully by hand, as long  as  they lived.
 When death does not result from primary shock, the average duration of life is from  tyvo to three yveeks.  It is in vieyv of this
 class of cases, and such others in Avhich the only hope  is in absolute immobility, that the question of reciprocity of  consideration
 and courtesy respecting hospitals and all sick and yvounded betyveen belligerents assumes its  immense importance.   There were
 in our army fifty-nine cases of compound comminuted fractures of the thigh, six of which yvere immediately  fatal.  There yvere
forty-eight amputations of the  thigh, leaving out  those yvhich  yvere not interfered yvith.    The proportion of  recovery yvas
fifty-five per cent.   One of the cases regarded as hopeless, and treated by resection of the sharp ends of the  fragments, made a
fair recovery.
      Resection in cases of comminution of the shaft of either the radius or ulna was encouraged yvhen one bone was  entire;
but when both bones yvere comminuted, the practice recommended yvas to remove loose fragments to smooth  sharp points, and

      * Circular No.  2, 1869, S. G. O., pp. 24, 133;  Circular No. 6, 1865, S. G. O., p. 66.  Case of Sergeant Tolman, 18th AViscousin Vols.—Ed's. 
312
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—CAMPAIGN  IN  GEORGIA.
to hope for consolidation, leaving amputation  in reserve.   Primary amputation of the upper extremity Avas  discouraged in all
but  such  cases as  admitted of no  possibility of doubt, due  reference being had to prospects  for care and the preservation of
immobility.  The question of amputation of the arm, or resection of the elboAV-joint, was often  one of great difficulty.   Primary
complete resection of the joint offers, in my judgment, the greatest prospect of success.   Intermediary and secondary amputations,
after osteomyelitis  is kindled or fully established, are very dangerous to  life, and every moment of delay in  the amputations
necessitates a greater sacrifice of tissue.  With a full and careful examination and  estimate of contingencies, every case must
be decided upon its merits, and it is impossible as yet to  promulgate a general  layv.   It must, however, be said  that the chances
for life, preservation of constitution, and prevention of suffering, preponderate in favor of primary amputation yvhen the elbow-
joint is splintered.   In this,  as in all traumatic amputations,  the section should be  through periosteum and bone wliich are free
from injury, and have not taken on inflammation, and as Ioav as possible.
       Excisions of the elboAV-joint  require a great degree of attention, local and general, to insure success, which can seldom be
furnished in extemporized military hospitals.  In a permanent field hospital, yvell organized and supplied yvith pure water  and
air,  I would not hesitate to make  a complete  excision of the elbow in favorable cases.   The law of complete excision for  this
joint is very generally disregarded  in army practice, and the results of the operations are hitherto far from encouraging.  I do
not  think there is any objection to a partial*excision when the part injured is small; for instance,  the head of the radius  or a
small portion of a  condyle.   I believe the injured portion  may be removed yvith propriety,  and the case treated on general
principles.  I yvould ahvays recommend partial resection when the case has passed into the pathological condition.  Such cases,
however,  are usually attended by an amount of local and general disturbance yvhich renders amputation the only resource.
       Complete primary excisions  of the head of the humerus is one of the most easily performed and successful operations in
army practice. I  deprecate the very long  sections of the  shaft of the bone yvhich are sometimes made.  I have never seen a
useful arm yvhen more than five and a half inches yvere removed with the head.  Partial  excision of the  head of the humerus
is a  safe and successful operation.  It is especially valuable as a secondary measure for the removal of caries, or small fragments
that have been undiscovered.  Scapular motion makes great compensation for anchylosis, and it is frequently better to accept  this
result rather than incur the  risk to life by the more brilliant procedure of complete excision.
       The utmost conservatism  has been recommended and  enjoined in regard to  the hand, and has,  as a rule, been practiced
with success.  I remark, in passing, that a faulty position is very frequently observed in hospital, and among discharged  and
furloughed soldiers, yvhen the forearm and hand are in a process of cure from fractures, gunshot injuries, and operations.  The
hand is almost invariably in a  prone position. Assistant Surgeon J. V. Johnson, U. S. V., adopted Smith's  anterior splint to
meet this difficulty, and introduced it into practice at  Chattanooga last yvinter, with my cordial approval, at the time I yvas
medical director of the  hospitals at that place.  The splint is bent to the proper angle for the elboyv, padded, and applied to the
inside of the arm.  It affords easy and efficient support, and fully meets the indications of a splint.  It effectually counteracts
the tendency to pronation, and supports the forearm comfortably in the position midyvay betyveen pronation and supination.  I
beg  leave most respectfully  to recommend that wire gauze and perforated sheet zinc, with shears of the requisite size and temper,
be supplied as a part of the  regular and necessary outfit for hospital and field service.
       Expectant treatment yvas practiced in all cases of penetrating wounds of the head.  No cases occurred in which the use
of the trephine promised any advantage.   In a penetrating yvound of  the skull by  a conoidal musket ball, the amount of injury
inflicted is usually fatal in its nature.   The prospects of recovery  are seldom increased by the performance of a severe operation.
The practice  I recommend  is to remove spiculae of bone, and any foreign substance or clot that may be within reach, but not to
probe the yvounds or to make too frequent examination.   Cold to the head, sedatives, and, in  some cases, stimulants, rest, and
expectancy are the rules I have directed to be observed.  The same  layv of expectancy is applied to yvounds of the intestines.
It is next to an impossibility, yvhen a soldier is wounded  in the abdomen, yvith lesion of the intestines, that their contents should
not escape into the peritonaeal cavity.   The necessity of lifting and handling, and the agitation of transportation to a considerable
distance render this result next to a certainty.   Some cases might be saved, perhaps,  if they could be examined at the  moment
of reception of the wound, and the edges pared and  closed with silver wire.  But the opportunity for enteroraphy has generally-
passed when the patient reaches the hospital.   I think it admits of question Avhether  greater effort should  not be  made to seek
out the yvound, close it by silver yvire, and endeavor to obtain primary union, while  peritonitis and constitutional disturbance are
treated on general principles.
       Wounds of the chest, neck, and face have been proportionally more  frequent than those of the loyver part of the person
from the fact that breastyvorks yvere immediately throyvn up when the troops came  into position.  Gunshot wounds of the chest
have been treated by closing the  wounds yvith ordinary dressing, and on general principles.   The insertion of the salts of morphia
into  yvounds of the  chest attended by pain and dyspnoea, has been of  the utmost advantage.   I made  the insertion of morphia
into  all painful wounds  a standing order  in the medical department, and  this practice  has  acted so  admirably as to enlist every
surgeon in favor of it.   Its good  effects are especially remarkable in painful yvounds of the joints, abdomen, and chest.  From
one to three grains should be inserted on the point of the finger.  I desire especially to call the  attention of the profession to this
practice, yvhich is simply a generalization of the well recognized application of morphine hypodermically.
      The circular  method has been the one almost universally adopted in amputations.   One amputation  through the knee has
been performed yvith tolerably satisfactory result, in yvhich the cartilages yvere not  removed.  In the majority of amputations at
the loyver third, the operation yvas performed just above the condyles, yvithout opening the medullary canal.  When practicable,
I give my decided preference for amputation  through the  knee-joint.   A series of cases have  been reported to me in another
department  in Avhich the cartilage yvas left, the flaps being  brought smoothly over the ends of the polished  condyles.  These
cases are reported as having done exceedingly yvell.  The case in my oyvn department, just referred to, yvas doing yvell yvhen last
heard from, yvith  the exception that abscesses had formed  on the stump, undoubtedly depending on the ulceration of cartilage.
I yvould advise the  removal  of the condyles in all cases in Avhich the surroundings were favorable.  In operations which become
necessary  under circumstances indicating danger from erysipelas  or gangrene, I would allow the  cartilage to remain  yvith the
vieyv of presenting the least  possible surface capable of infection.   I have studiously discontinued the use of sutures and adhesive 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  HEWIT.
313
straps in flaps of amputation, and recommended the Avet muslin strap dressing as advised by McLeod.  It is, I am satisfied, a
great gain over the old method, and is a saving of time and labor, besides being in the interest of cleanliness and simplicity.
       Tetanus has not occurred.  Its absence is OAving to the speedy removal of the Avounded from  the field, to the  sufficient
shelter provided, to the mildness of the temperature, the purity of the atmosphere, and the prompt and speedy attention which
all  yvounds  received at the hands of the surgeons.  The  care yvhich yvas taken in securing the blood vessels at the time of
operation prevented secondary haemorrhage from stumps, no cases of yvhich  are reported.   There yvas, hoyvever, in many cases
a great amount of scorbutic oozing, necessitating the application of numerous ligatures and the free use of styptics.*
       Of secondary  haemorrhage  from  yvounds of vessels, two cases are  given in full in the subjoined reports.  *   *   The
principle of practice enjoined has been ligature above and  beloAV, in cases of recent wound, and ligature in continuity on  the
cardiac side; Avhen the probability of securing the  ends of the artery Avas  considered doubtful, surgeons Avere advised in such
cases not to hesitate to use the actual cautery.  I arrested by this means, after the battle of Chattanooga, secondary haemorrhage
from  the brachial artery yvhich had sloughed, and yvhich could not be secured  yvithout a ruinous  dissection of the arm.   The
haemorrhage yvas arrested and the limb saved.   A coincident gangrene Avas likeAvise extinguished.  Tyvo cases only have required
ligature of main trunks, and in these cases the ligature yvas applied above and beloAV the opening.
       Several examples have occurred of concussion from the explosion of shells near the head.   The phenomena of this class
of injuries are of a mixed  character, partaking both of concussion and shock.  The symptoms are those of acute nervous and
cerebral irritation.  The most remarkable case yvhich I  have seen yvas that  of an  officer yvho was under charge of Surgeon A.
W. Heise, 100th Illinois Volunteers, at Chattanooga, and has probably been reported  by him in full.  The symptoms in this
class  of accidents are those  of  irritation yvith depression,  and are very  persistent.  They have  a tendency  to terminate in
meningitis, mania, and death,  or softening and fatuity, yvith  an equally certain but more protracted fatal result.
       Hospital  gangrene  did not appear.  A few cases of traumatic gangrene occurred, yvhich shoyved no tendency to spread.
They  yvere  readily controlled by creosote, charcoal poultices, and  internal stimulants.   I take  this occasion-to record  my
unqualified preference for  bromine in the treatment of gangrene, and to express the opinion that  its local and internal use will
furnish the  remedy for a large class of septic  and contagious diseases hitherto as intractable as was hospital gangrene to  the
hands of the older military surgeons.  I  have placed on file  in a former report a case of pyaemia cured by the administration
of Bilbron's antidote.
       The diseases of the campaign have been principally diarrhoea and a  mild form of intermittent. Typhoid fever (typho-
malarial fever) and typhoid cachexia, depending on vital exhaustion from over fatigue, the exhausting discharges, and perhaps
poisonous secretions of diarrhoea, either  independently or combined,  have been  common.  Contagious or pestilential diseases
have not occurred.  The fevers have not presented a pestilential type, and the hospitals have been free from typhous poison.
       Scorbutus has existed constantly  as a modifying influence of  apparent  health,  with  a  tendency to  ultimate  disease.
Scorbutus has not manifested severe symptoms at any time.   The rapid healing of yvounds with frequent constitutional decline
depending on this cause has  been observed.   It existed rather as a vague cachexia than a definite disease.   It yvas antagonized
in the early part of the summer by an abundance of blackberries, and later, by green corn, sorghum, cane juice, and vegetables.
The report of the acting medical inspector gives all the information on the subject  yvhich it yvas possible to obtain.  The statistics
of the affection are given in the accompanying report of the acting medical inspector.  The treatment recommended in diarrhoea
yvhen acute, was mild alkaline purgatives, folloyved by astringents and tonics, and a  carefully regulated diet, as far as circumstances
yvould permit, but without starvation or too great restriction.   The combination of Fowler's solution yvith tincture of opium  has
been found an excellent remedy for chronic diarrhoea, and the practice of painting the abdomen and spine yvith iodine is frequently
of very great advantage.   I take this occasion to record the observation yvhich has been confirmed by the experience of more
than one competent yvitness, that arsenic  hi combination yvith  opium increases  the  therapeutical powers of the latter in certain
directions, and diminishes  its secondary unpleasant effects.  The narcotic influence appears to be diminished, yvhile its stimulating,
regulating, and  astringent properties are decidedly enhanced.  The  practice of applying  iodine  to the spine is of use also, in
fevers of congestive type, and by relieving the passive congestion of the spinal  cord, frequently enables the organ to generate
and transmit poyver sufficient to remove local obstructions and restore integrity of vital function.
       The subject of prevention of disease, and saving the soldier from unnecessary hardship, exposure, and suffering, constantly
asserts its importance, both from the point of view of national  economy and humanity.  Justice, humanity, and the public good
coincide in demanding that all causes shall be  removed which unnecessarily exhaust and destroy the soldier.  At least four-fifths
of the army diseases are preventable, and the ranks may be made a training  school of athletes, instead of a mill to grind strong
men to powder.   It is impossible to recite all  the causes of premature  destruction, or in one yvord to point out the remedy.   I
earnestly recommend a commission, yvhich shall be neither a meddlesome usurper  of the prerogatives of the medical department,
or a mere dispenser of the  public munificence, but which, composed of the  highest talent  and the largest experience in and out
of the service, shall remodel the legislation on  the subject of the soldier till a system is adopted as perfect as system can be made.
It will then remain to educate and train  medical  officers to their duties, and  cultivate a noble emulation, by means of yvhich the
working of the system may accomplish the good for which it is designed.  This question becomes all the more important in
view of the large standing armies which it will be necessary to raise and maintain for the future.  A chair of hygiene should be
established at West  Point, and  the surgeon of the post should be the professor of the science of the physical well-being of the
soldier.  The obligation on the part of the officer to take care of the  soldier  is an essential principle of military ethics, but  one
yvhich at the present time  is almost universally disregarded.                                                    _ _
       A provisional ambulance system was adopted previously to the publication  of the ambulance order.  The provisions of the
order have been enforced, and  a complete ambulance organization is in full force and operation.  The chief of ambulance, Captain
S Windecker of the 103d Ohio Volunteers,  is an excellent  and faithful officer, and  the duty of transporting the  sick and
wounded and of removing them from the field to hospital, has been performed in  the most systematic and praiseworthy manner.
* The special cases are cited in the Surgical History.—ED';
    40 
314
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—CAMPAIGN  IN  GEORGIA.
 I have recently, since the close of the  campaign, made arrangements for repairing and refitting all the ambulances, for stuffing
 the  cushions  and sides  tyvo or three times their original thickness, and for supplying  them Avith hold-fast  straps.   I have
 also obtained  an order from the commanding general for the purchase of a brilliant kerosene lantern  for each ambulance  and
 large sized Avhite and red conductors' lanterns, for sergeants to cany at night in conducting trains, and for the signal  lights of
 field hospitals.  The yvant of these articles have been severely felt in the campaign.
       I cannot speak too highly in praise of the system of hospitals by division.  In large armies the division is the military
 unit.  The regimental medical officers of the division should, yvhen practicable, do duty in the division hospitals by roster, thereby
 improving their knoyvledge and cultivating an honorable emulation.   I yvould recommend that the division hospital be  formally
 established by orders, and  that a  complete  system of registration and report be required from them.  By this method a vast
 amount of statistical information  can be saved yvhich is noyv irretrievably lost, or but partially and  imperfectly collected.   I
 recommend one medicine wagon to a brigade, for  the  supply of the medicine chest and panniers of the regiments; a complete
 portable shop for the division hospital, yvith additional  articles in boxes carried in baggage wagons, and a small supply  train for
 the  corps or army, adapted to the nature of the service and the distance from the depot.  The medical  purveyor of the  corps or
 army should be compensated for his risk in receipting for public property, and should be selected for  his knoyvn qualities as a
 trustworthy business man and  skillful surgeon, in  order that an additional operator may be secured. The division hospital,
 yvith an alloyvance of one hospital tent for each regiment, yvill be ample for all circumstances excepting those  of very great
 emergency'.  It should receive all sick from the regiments excepting those who  are able to move yvith the troops.  Economy
 of labor, the lightness and efficiency of the regiment are thus greatly promoted.  The sick are collected at one place and their
 final" disposition is rendered easy and certain.   This system yvill render the  presence of one  medical officer only necessary at a
 time yvith a regiment.
       In bearing my testimony to the zeal and fidelity of the majority of medical officers, I am compelled  to record my opinion
 that great injustice is done them, to the profession, and to the general interests of the  service, from the absence of progressive
 promotion  and increase  of  pay.  The  increase of  responsibility  in administrative positions brings with  it no corresponding
 increase of rank, with the exception of the Surgeon General and Assistant Surgeon General, while it calls for the exercise of the
 functions of high rank and a corresponding expenditure.  The world is governed by the standard of society, and it is useless to
 hope for the services of prominent, accomplished, and  trustworthy men, when the only means  of receiving such qualities  are
 ignored.  The military mind is influenced in regard to the  profession  of medicine  applied  to armies by the traditions of the
 middle ages.  There is also reason to suspect that the  despotic element  yvhich exists, in connection  with supreme command,
 although by no means necessary to its highest and most complete exercise, takes offence at the independence of judgment, which,
 in his oyvn  sphere, is one of the attributes of the medical officer.   The military mind fails to apprehend the change yvhich has
 been yvrought in the profession of medicine, or to understand how essential  its honor and influence  are to the well-being of
 troops, the efficiency of the service, discipline, the principles of humanity, and real heroism.  It  would hardly seem to require
 the assertion that the medical department should be on  a level, so far as rank, pay, and military respect are concerned, yvith the
 next honorable staff departments, and that medical officers, individually, should be required to correspond in attainments, character,
 and soldier-like qualities yvith that standard.  If the purely military portion of the service chooses the standard of the middle
 ages, yvhen barbers, farriers, and  sow-gelders, as a rule, constituted the medical  staff of armies, they ought not to complain
 when they have the  misfortune to fall into the hands of medical officers of a quality and character little superior to  the leeches
 of the days of Pepin, Clovis, and  Charlemagne.   There is  more  than enough of the rank of major.   The aggregate rank and
 pay distributed through the grades, from major general  to lieutenant, according to service, functions, and qualifications, is enough
 to remedy the existing evil Avithout additional expense.  The difference in the expense of employing and paying highly qualified
 men yvould be saved annually by economy and precision in  the administration of costly drugs.  The idea of expense, hoyvever,
 ought not to receive  a moment's consideration.  The government can afford to do simple justice to an able and honorable body
 of military surgeons, and thereby elevate the standard of medicine  throughout the country, advance the interests of humanity
 and civilization,  and woo many young men from objectless and Avorthless  lives into paths of honor and  ambition.  The standard
 of the medical profession, as yvas said before, is a gauge of the civilization of a country, and a measure  of the real advancement
 of an age or people.   I beg leave to suggest that it might be possible   to form  a corps of surgeons of reserve from approved
 medical officers,  yvhose terms of service have expired, and from surgeons  of volunteers yvho are  mustered out at the end of the
 war, or yvho may honorably resign.   That this corps should have certain privileges granted  by legislation  and be subject to call
 on emergency, returning yvith the same rank they retired with, but not to the prejudice of surgeons remaining permanently in
 service.  This corps should be considered in the light of honorary membership of the regular staff, and be selected with strict
 reference to service and merit.  The plan is not offered  as mature, but the idea is suggested for  elaboration, if entertained.   I
 recommend the institution of prizes for the best  collection of reported cases in  military surgery and medicine.   I do not believe
 any other method yvill call forth the facts and information yvhich are noyv lost.   Honor and reputation are the stimuli to intellectual
 labor,  as they are to military daring.  They alone  can overcome the inertia of fatigue, and the indifference  consequent upon
 constant observation  of  the scenes of military practice and the  exhaustion  of uninterrupted  labor.  A  series of thoroughly
reported cases is all that is noyv yvanting to enable us to present the world with the most perfect system of  military surgery that
has appeared,  and make our observation and experience the point of departure and  the standard of comparison for the future.
 I earnestly recommend that  an effort be made to bring  the  staff' and the  profession in closer harmony.   The profession is the
mother of the staff and its professional judge.  I yvould recommend a standing committee to be appointed by the national medical
association and the medical department of the army, to take cognizance of the mutual relations of the staff, and the profession to
 urge memorials upon Congress, and to draft and present resolutions in the association.  In this  connection I yvould urge upon
academies of medicine and State societies, to take particular pains to find out the merits of the medical officers coming from their
respective districts, and adopt suitable measures to express their approbation for those yvho have  done honor to themselves and
the profession by extraordinary ability and distinguished service.   A very admirable author remarks on the efficiency of praise:
 ' No one can deny that animals, and men in particular,  are keenly susceptible to praise.  Nor is it  a  less common-place truism 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR HEWIT.
315
lorn,
 that the desire of approbation is at the root of those actions to which the interest of the societies they are held to benefit or adc
 has conceded the character of virtue, and sought to stimulate by the promise of renown.  We are much more inclined to resort
 to its contrary, and niggards of praise are prodigals of censure.'  These remarks are particularly applicable to the relations of
 the staff, yvith the government and the professional and the non-professional public.   Rebuke and censure have been unsparingly
 bestowed.  Praise, honor and renown withheld, or sparingly doled with an unwilling hand, and an ungracious expression.   To
 return to the point to which yve have  briefly alluded, the most important of all reforms, however, is in the state and  condition of
 the common soldier.  It is of absolute importance flint line and  company officers be  taught to take  an interest  in  the physical
 well-being of their men; that the load that the soldier is required to .cany be lightened; that the length and rapidity of marches
 be diminished; that  regularity and quality  of food  be secured, and sufficient time for rest and recuperation  afforded.   The
 average capability and endurance are gauged  by the strongest man  in  the command, and  the rapidity yvith yvhich the horse of
 the commanding officer can walk, made the standard for the marching of the soldier, overloaded Avith knapsack, musket, ammu-
 nition and rations, and frequently intrenching tools superadded.  A system yvhich will secure  to the soldier the highest physical
 development of which he is capable, yvill render forced marches  easy of accomplishment  yvhen they become  necessary.   Troops
 in a high state of health and  strength can endure occasional drafts upon their endurance yvithout detriment.   The advantages in
 a military point of vieyv are  obvious.   I offer it as my deliberate opinion, based on three years' of the most ample experience,
 that the rapidity and length of marches, and the load  which the  soldier  carries, have  more to do Avith depleting our  armies than
 all other causes put together.  The field, instead of being the school for the highest  form of physical training and muscular
 development,  is a treadmill in Avhich the Aveak and  delicate are  infallibly destroyed, and the  most robust gradually reduced to
 their capital stock of health and strength, and finally compelled to succumb.  The vast amount of  functional  and organic disease
 of the heart and kidneys, is ample proof if proof Avere wanting.  In a marching column taken anywhere, and at anytime, under
 the present system, over thirty per centum yvill be found suffering from abnormal circulation of the blood.  This method exhausts
 the organic nervous system,  and deprives vital organs of the necessary supply of poyver.  Derangement and organic changes
 necessarily follow.  I desire to add my testimony to the vast amount already written  and spoken on the subject  of  cooking by
 companies.  Company cooking ought to be held to be of the first consideration.  The practice of letting  the soldier take his  raw
 food and cook it as he best can, is fruitful in yvaste both  of substance and life.  The savings  of a yvell conducted company kitchen
 will more than pay for the hire of good cooks, and it is only necessary to make the system  effective, that the company officers
 should devote themselves to the subject yvith zeal and interest. The  result in saving the numerical and  physical strength of the
 company and regiment will tell in military success, and the reputation of the officers, in addition to the advantages of a superior
 state of  discipline and improved condition of the soldiers as men, and especially as citizens of a republic.  The yvant of intelli-
 gent care and conservation of the private soldier has more to do with the prolongation of the yvar and  the mishaps yvhich have
 occurred, than any one or any series of causes combined.   If our men had  been  kept at this normal  standard of vigor they
 yvould have gone over every obstacle placed before them precisely as they went over Missionary Ridge on  the ever memorable
 25th day of November,  1863.   The demand wliich the war has. created for educated and skillful surgeons renders the present an
 exceedingly opportune moment for securing just State  legislation  on the question of dissection.   All students should be thoroughly
 instructed in operations, and  required to practice them  on  the dead body until  they become  perfectly  familiar yvith customary
 operative methods and acquire elegance and dexterity  in handling the implements of this trade.  Subjects for this purpose should
 be furnished abundantly and  gratuitously.  *   *
       The subject of reciprocity between the  medical departments of belligerents, and  the mutual protection of hospitals and
 their occupants, is one yvhich the profession  should urge  upon  the government, never  relaxing its efforts till the  principle is
 fully recognized and inaugurated.  The hospital should  under all circumstances be held sacred.  Surgeons and attendants
 engaged in their legitimate duties should not be subject to capture, and hospital stores and medicines should have free transit and
 enjoy freedom from capture or confiscation.  The question is of the utmost importance in its  most obvious vieyv, in saving life
 and mitigating suffering on the field of battle, and taking ayvay the necessity for sudden and most distressing removals of yvounded
 men according to the  exigencies of conflict.  Its remote influences in mitigating the asperities  of yvar, promoting true civilization,
 and advancing the interests of science, are still more important and profound.   I have called attention to this subject on  several
 occasions, and have always acted upon the principle as far as practicable, in  my official  intercourse with Confederate surgeons.
 I believe that  a system,  yvith  proper  military restrictions,  may be devised and adopted  that  shall fully meet the demands of
 humanity and science.  It can be effected by the combined action of the profession and the medical  department of the army.  It
 yvould do more than any measure, either military or political, to realize the desire of every patriot, the restoration of an harmonious
 Union.   The general  performance of duty on the part of the members of the medical staff  has been excellent.  I take pleasure
 in naming certain officers yvho have exhibited extraordinary qualities of  industry, intelligence, and skill.  Surgeons Charles  Mc-
 Millan, Charles S. Frink, S. K. Crawford, and Thomas M. Kearney, as members of the operating board, performed excellent and
 faithful service.  Surgeon McMillan's services were recapitulated  in a special published order.   Surgeons  Frink and Lawton, U. S.
 V., have shown industry, vigilance and ability as  surgeons-in-chief  of divisions, and are rapidly acquiring the knowledge and
 experience necessary to fill successfully the highest position in the department.  Surgeon Edward Shippen has rendered valuable
 service as medical director, first of the post of Knoxville and  of the  Twenty-third Corps in the  field.   He is noyv the acting
 medical director of the army  of the Ohio.  Surgeons  S. K. Crawford and J. S. Sparks, in charge of the 2d and 3d division
 hospitals, have manifested the utmost devotion, courage, patience, and intelligence in the performance of their  arduous duties
 and a remarkable faculty of adapting  means to ends  and creating comfort and yvell-being out of apparently hopeless circum-
 stances on the plain or in the  forest.   Surgeons J. H. Rodgers, 104th Ohio Volunteers,  D. S.  Heath, 23d Michigan Volunteers,
 C. D. Moore, 13th Kentucky  Volunteers, J.  F. Woods, 99th Ohio Volunteers, and  William H.  Mullins, 12th Kentucky Vol-
 unteers,  distinguished themselves as operators; surgeons  of sound  and  trustworthy judgment and practice.   The executive
 duties yvere also ably and promptly performed.  Surgeon  Josiah Curtis conducted  the bushiess of the office of the medical
director at Knoxville, in a correct and methodical manner.  The  general hospital of  the  army of  the Ohio  yvas  managed with
ability, by Surgeon Meacham, U. S. V.; and  the Asylum  General Hospital, at Knoxville, yvas brought  to a very high state of 
316
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—CAMPAIGN  IN  GEORGIA.
perfection by the intelligence of Assistant Surgeon W. W. Wythes, U. S. V.   Assistant Surgeon S. 11. Horner, U. S. A., has
perfonned the duties of purveyor of the department, faithfully and correctly.   Surgeon II. L. W.  Burritt, U. S. V., performed
valuable and arduous services, as special purveyor in the field, during a portion of the campaign and as acting medical inspector
of the Tyventy-third Corps.  I am particularly indebted  to Surgeon A. M.  Wilder,  U. S. X., acting medical inspector of the
department, for his industry, intelligence, zeal, and conscientious performance of duty.   The successful conduct of the medical
department during the campaign, is due more to his labors  than to those of any other officer, and the reports and results of cases
are gathered by his industry and deA'otion to duty.  He has also proved himself to be an able operator and a surgeon of excellent
judgment, yvhich is constantly improving yvith experience.  I recommend him to the favorable notice of the Surgeon General.  I
beg leave to make  honorable mention of Hospital Steward M. C. AVilcox and Private A. J. Goodhue, chief clerk in  the office of
the medical director, for faithful and intelligent discharge of duty, and  deep  personal interest in the good of the service, and the
correct transaction of the business of the office.  The hospitals of the district  of  Kentucky have  not been under my personal
supervision, and it yvould not, therefore, be proper to make any mention of them in this report.   The character of  the principal
ones, Jefferson  and Holt, are fully established, and reflect honor,  especially the former, upon  the medical department of the
West,"       *       *
CCLX.   Extracts from  Reports  on  the  Casualties of the Army of  the  Ohio from May 8  to
      August 21, 1864.   By Surgeon H.  S. Hewit,  U.  S. Volunteers,  Medical Director.

      *   *   *  "The troops arc in excellent condition and there is a very  small  proportion of  the  ordinary  disabilities
independent of yvounds received in action.  The fatigue of marching, and of slow and laborious advances in line of battle over
rough country and through  forests, is  borne remarkably yvell.   The yveather is becoming hot, however, and the proportion of
sickness yvill consequently be largely increased.  The Tyventy-third Army Corps and the cavalry, commanded by General Stone-
man, constitute the army of the  Ohio  noyv in the field.  *  *  The  yvounded  are  sent  to Chattanooga, by order  of General
Sherman, and consequently their cases cannot be folloyved up under my  direction.  The  yvork thus  far has been yvell  performed.
Particular praise is due to Surgeon E. Shippen, U.  S. V., medical director of the Tyventy-third Corps, Surgeon C. W. McMillan,
1st Tennessee Volunteers, Surgeon C. S. Frink, U. S. V., and Acting Assistant Surgeon L. Darling, jr.  The surgical operations
have all been primary.  Morphine has been used  with success  in  alleviating pain and preventing  constitutional irritation, by
inserting  it  in all  painful wounds in quantities of from one to three grains.  Food and  stimulants have been supplied in
abundance.   The military operations of this campaign, since the battle of Resaca, have been a series of marches by the flank
and advances in line of battle.  Whenever the line is established upon its destined position, the front is immediately fortified by
breastworks of earth and logs yvith a trench and ditch.  The person of the soldier is thus protected, except yvhen in the act ot
firing, and the larger proportion of casualties occur on the skirmish line,  and  in assault or  development.  The loss in killed and
yvounded  has been  very small  yvhen the magnitude  of  the movements is considered.   *  *  The performance of duty on the
part of the medical  staff under the  direction  of Surgeon E. Shippen,  U. S. V.,  has  been  excellent.   Surgical operations in all
cases which demanded or permitted immediate interference have  been primary.  A competent surgical corps detached from
administrative and regimental duty accompanies the army and renders service  in the hospitals established under the direction of
the division  surgeons.  The  yvounded are promptly brought from the field  and  fine hospitals prepared for their reception.  The
yvounded  and seriously sick  are sent, by rail by yvay of Allatoona, to the rear as rapidly as  possible.  A large number have been
foryvarded to  Knoxville.  *  *   The character of the  disease is  adynamic.   The scorbutic taint is  manifest, and  there is a
tendency to  congestion of the vital organs and exhaustion of organic nervous  force.  The  influence  of malaria is obvious,  but
not  as yet strongly pronounced.   The  ambulance system is established and  in  successful working operation.  *   *  Medical
duty has been yvell and faithfully performed, and the medical directors of divisions and surgeons  in charge  of division hospitals
have manifested extraordinary zeal in the performance of their duty, and a constantly increasing efficiency and capacity, based on
experience and practice acquired under every variety of military contingency, excepting a great  disaster.  The hospital  depart-
ment in the field is conducted by divisions, each division  having its field hospital  and  regular staff under the supervision of
the surgeon of the division. Primary depots on  the field of battle are established  for brigades and regiments,  according to
circumstances and convenience,  from whence the wounded are rapidly conveyed in ambulances to the division hospitals.   The
division hospitals receive all  the sick  from the regiments yvho are unable to remain in quarters.  Pine boughs, carefully placed
and frequently changed, are used for bedding, and make an excellent and salubrious substitute for mattresses.   Scorbutus exists
to a considerable extent, fully one-third of the men presenting its ordinary external  signs.  This condition has complicated some
of the cases  of surgery.  Scorbutic oozing has occasionally occurred after amputations,  but it has ahvays been possible to arrest
or control it.   Rain fell almost  daily from June 2d to June 22d, and its  cessation yvas  followed by  great heat.  There yvas no
marked increase of the sick report in consequence.  There has been an abundance of excellent water easily accessible during the
yvhole campaign.   The troops of this army have  been spared  long and severe  marching.  The positions to be  occupied are
selected beforehand with the precision of consummate military knoAvledge and tactical skill, and they are spared the tedious delays,
fatiguing countermarching, and  unnecessary labor in constructing defences at points immediately to be abandoned.  This feature
has contributed in a yvonderful degree to preserve the spirits and temper of the army and to prevent expenditure of its vital force,
health, and strength.  Every effort has been made to secure a supply of vegetables, vinegar, and soap, and to encourage attention
to the layvs of hygiene.  Until, hoyvever, the regimental and company officers become impressed yvith a proper sense of their duty
toyvards their men, and the importance  of these layvs, the labors of surgeons and medical directors yvill, to a great degree, be
throyvn ayvay.  A thorough personal inspection of the troops, man by man, has been made by the  acting medical inspector.  *   *
A general flying field  hospital  for the army of the Ohio has been established  at Marietta, under the charge of Surgeon F.
Meacham, U. S. X., yvith Assistant Surgeon W. T.  Okie, U. S. A., as executive officer.  The wounded, as far as possible, yvill be
kept in this hospital till returned to duty or honorably discharged.  *   *   The cavalry command is small and has had very few 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON  J.  W.  LAWTON.
317
sick or casualties.  All its sick and yvounded  are immediately conveyed to the hospitals of the Tyventy-third  Corps,  or to the
general field hospital of the army of the Ohio.  '       The accommodations in the division field hospitals are good, and as ample
as transportation will possibly permit.  Supplies  are abundant and of good quality.   *  *  A commodious and comfortable field
hospital is iioav in successful operation at Marietta, to yvhich the sick and Avounded are speedily transferred from  the front,  *  *
Morphine is used extensively as a local  application to painful yvounds.   The results  obtained are highly satisfactory in relieving
pain, subduing local irritation, and  quieting the  nervous system.  The method  of application  is to insert on the point of the
finger,  or  by sprinkling,  from one  to three grains directly into  the yvound.   Its effects are  speedily obvious and  remarkably
beneficial hi yvounds of the  chest attended by painful respiration."      *      *      #
 CCLXI.   Extracts  from  a  R\port  of  the  Operations  of  the  Medical  Department  of the
       Second Division of the  Twenty-third Corps during  the Atlanta Campaign.   By Surgeon
       J. ~\Y.  Laavtox, U. S. Volunteers.

                "The 2d division, Twenty-third Corps, numbering three thousand nine hundred and seventy-one present, moved
 from Mossy Creek, Tennessee, April 20. 1801. to join in the active campaign opening in Georgia.  The medical department Avas
 deficient in medical and hospital supplies, in number of medical officers, and in strictness of discipline; and having been recently
 assigned as surgeon-in-chief, I had  not been able to perfect its organization, and moving Avith but one clay's notice, time Avas not
 had to obtain necessary supplies.  Three medical wagons, furnished, Avere ordered, and joined the division at Red Clay, Georgia;
 other supplies necessary yvere obtained, and the medical department yvas as rapidly as possible put in readiness for the exigencies
 of active service.  The first skirmish in yvhich the division yvas engaged yvas at Rocky  Face Ridge May 9th, losing one killed
 and tyventy-eight yvounded.  Moving to Resaca, we confronted the enemy May 14th, and a battle  ensued, lasting tyvo days,  in
 yvhich a heavier loss yvas  sustained than in  any other engagement of the campaign;  amounting to  ninety-three killed  and four
 hundred and eighty-four wounded;  total,  five hundred and seventy-seven.   Here a division field  hospital was first established,
 the practical working of yvhich was neyv to both the surgeon-in-chief and all the medical officers of the division.  A large number
 of operations were performed.  The  campaign since has  been rather a  series of skirmishes than of positive battles, few days passing
 without some being wounded.  Almost every advance, even for a feyv miles, being in the direct face of the enemy, and under fire.
 In consequence it has been necessary to have a field  hospital constantly open, and  a regular hospital  staff detailed for duty.
 The plan has succeeded admirably, and its organization and the perfection of details have been rendered more and more complete.
 From careful observation it has appeared that operations were better borne early in the campaign than later, and patients reacted
 more promptly and recovery progressed more rapidly.   This, in a great  measure, is oyving to  the hardships of the campaign,
 constant exjiosure, and a ration often deficient in quantity, and nearly destitute of vegetables.  At the same time I am convinced
 that too much importance  is given to the first two in their assumed relations to toleration of injuries and reaction after operations,
 and that were a full and ample ration with a large proportion of vegetables furnished, the hardships  and exposure of active
 campaigning would be found to have little  effect beyond inuring the system to them and developing a higher vital force.  The
 main obstacle to rapid recovery has been  a scorbutic  tendency yvhich has generally pervaded  the troops of this division,
 developed  in this campaign; but the predisposing causes of yvhich lay in the privations to yvhich the army yvas exposed in the
 winter months during active  operations in  east  Tennessee.   On inspection  early in  July of all the regiments composing this
 division, an average of tyventy per  centum  of marked cases of scorbutus yvas found, and  a taint yvas  manifest in more than
 one-half of both officers and men.  Aside from this tendency being manifest in the large ratio of sick constantly present, and in its
 effects in the wounded upon recovery, it has  been marked in its evidence hi operations by diminution of the fibrin, an increase of
 the yvatery elements of the blood, and in the blood vessels a relaxation of the muscular coats and a patulous condition of the minuter
 branches, requiring a larger number of ligatures than usual, and with free and sometimes very troublesome venous haemorrhage.
 Gangrene has scarcely appeared.  In only one hospital has it been developed; in a feyv cases not readily accounted for, occurring,
 as it  did in some of the cases, in the healthiest and most robust subjects, and readily yielding  to  the milder escharotics, yvith
 tonics.  Primary operations have been the  rule, and careful observation justifies the opinion that shock to the extent of forbidding
 surgical interference even in cases of considerable gravity, is much less  common than  generally taught.   In the field also, yvhen
 few of the  appliances of conservative surgery can be had and feyver employed, and frequent transportation for a considerable
 distance is  unavoidable, operations are frequently necessary, yvhere at least an attempt might be made to save the limb in general
 hospitals.  This is especially true of compound fractures of the femur from gunshot yvounds.  Several cases, considered the most
 promising from general good health,  squareness of fracture, yvith little comminution of bone or laceration of soft parts, have been
 dressed with Smith's anterior splints and sent at once to the rear; but all cases from yvhich  any report has been received have
 died from apparent destruction of vital force  consequent on the  gravity of the injury, or from rapidly exhaustive suppuration.
 Cases of injury of large arteries or nerves  uncomplicated  yvith  fractures have been exceedingly rare;  only two cases have been
 reported, both of the brachial  artery.  No cases of secondary haemorrhage have been recorded.  Not a single case of punctured
 wound from syvord or bayonet has been observed as received in  battle; a singular fact, in vieyv of  the large number of injuries
 under observation, but oyving probably to the character of the firearms, being of so  destructive a nature as to compel one side or
 the other to give yvay before advancing to a close hand conflict.  Resections of joints, and  in the continuity of bones, have received
 careful attention, and  the  most experienced and  thoughtful surgeons of the staff have  found it necessary to exercise a careful
 discrimination in the selection of cases, and  refuse  noyv to operate in many instances yvhich, early in the campaign, seemed to
favor conservation.   The small mortality after operation is gratifying.   The tabular form bears but three  deaths in field hospital
after  operations.  These statistics apply only to primary  mortality, as some  cases proved fatal after removal to the rear.  The
statistical table appended affords some  items of interest, and other comment is unnecessary, regarding  diseases, wounds, and
operations.   The table compiled from the hospital report does not embrace the sick in hospital, or sent to the rear, up to June 1st, 
318
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—CAMPAIGN  IN GEORGIA.
as these records for  the  time  previous yvere not entered on the hospital register, and are lost.  All the medical  officers have
rendered efficient service.  Surgeon S. K. Crawford, 50th Ohio Volunteers, deserves special mention for the faithful  performance
of duty as surgeon-in-charge of division hospital; the organization and  elaboration of details are mainly due to him; Surgeon
C. D. Moore, 13th Kentucky Volunteers, as an able and  skillful operator, and for sound surgical judgment; and Surgeon John
Wright, 107th Illinois Volunteers, for bravery in the field, faithful attendance on wounded, and judicious treatment in hospital,
deserve honorable mention.  Assistant Surgeons William P. Welborn, 80th Indiana Volunteers, and E. S. Cooper, 13th Kentucky
Volunteers, have rendered efficient service to the Avounded in hospital."      *       *      *
 CCLXII.   Extracts from a Report of the  Operations of the Medical Department of the Third
      Division of the   Twenty-third Corps from  June  11, to September 10, ISO--.   By Surgeon
      C. S. Frink, U. S.  Volunteers.

      *   *   *  "The aggregate number present at this date was  near eight thousand, who had been through  the early part
 of the campaign, including the battles of Rocky Face Ridge and  Resaca, yvhere their loss was heavy; but the general  condition
 of the troops yvas good, and in all respects they were yvell  prepared for such a campaign, as yvas noyv before us.  *  *  After
 June 17th, until the present  time, the troops have been in one position for but feyv days at a time,  and heme all our hospital
 arrangements were necessarily of a migratory character.  But the  organizations of the department was so satisfactory and so
 yvell carried  out, that yve can. look back yvith pleasure to every spot of ground that has been  occupied by our hospitals.  The
 division  hospital is organized under charge of Surgeon J. S. Sparks,  8th Tennessee Volunteers, Avith a  sufficient- number of
 assistants to  meet all emergencies.  The operating staff, yvhen occasion permitted, performed  the duties of hospital  surgeons.
 The attendants have been remarkably faithful and energetic, and but feyv changes have been made since the organization yvas
 completed; and  I here beg leave to state that to the able  superintendence of Surgeon Sparks is due whatever credit may be
 given to  the division hospital.  The opportunities  for making medical researches have  not been good yvith us, for of necessity
 ours has been to some  extent a receiving and forwarding hospital, though, on a few occasions we  were able to retain  the cases
 for some time, so that considerable numbers were returned to duty. The character of the  diseases manifested in the division
 has been singularly uniform  throughout, although the producing causes have varied  to a considerable extent.  Diarrhoea  has
 persistently followed us,  and has disqualified more from active duty than all other diseases  together.  The cause  seems to have
 been scorbutic to a great  extent, though in the  month of June and early in July there yvere many complaints  in  regard to the
 quality of the fresh beef furnished the troops; many of the more  healthy ones, after  eating freely of it,  yvere attacked yvith
 diarrhoea of a severe form, attended yvith a marked degree of prostration, yielding, however, in from seven to ten days to rest,
 diet, and mild treatment; but many of the cases, especially  among the new troops, had  to be  sent  to the rear for want of
 transportation.   During  this period mentioned, there was  a  great  scarcity of forage  for  the  animals, and such as  they had
 contained but little nutrition, yvhich may account for the deleterious  qualities of the beef.  Certainly salt meat  yvould have been
 preferable.  This difficulty disappeared as soon as forage  became more abundant and of better quality; but as  the campaign
 advanced, evident signs  of scorbutus yvere manifested, and this  acting  as a producing or predisposing cause, kept the usual
 number of cases of diarrhoea on our sick report.   Nor could this cause be  removed for some time, oyving to the  difficulty of
 obtaining supplies of vegetables, etc.; but as soon as the berries were sufficiently ripened, and fruit in condition  to cook, large
 quantities were consumed, aud the scorbutic symptoms rapidly diminished until the present time, when no complaints are made,
 and but  feyv indications of the disease can be found.  The fevers  have been of a typho-malarial and malarial character, chiefly
 of the latter.  The more severe cases of this class yvere sent  to  the rear,  and hence no observations relative to them could be
 made.  The cases of pure malarial fever, hoyvever, were mostly treated in the regiments, or in the division hospital, and readily
 yielded to a  mercurial cathartic, folloyved 'by quinine in  full  doses.  And here it may be remarked, that it has  been a matter
 of surprise to some medical officers that such large quantities of  the latter article yvere used.  This, as a matter of fact, is true,
 but I am not inclined to believe that the alloyvance could have  been materially diminished without detriment to  the command.
 Early in  June I discovered evident signs of malarial poisoning of the atmosphere, and in one instance several regiments of the
 1st division yvere stationed in a strip of heavy timber, or rather loyv ground, and as a consequence the sick lists of those  regiments was
 increased nearly fifty per centum over  that of former reports, and all, or nearly all, of the additional cases yvere of a malarial
 origin, mostly quotidian or tertian intermittents.  They yielded readily to free doses of quinine, and from that time to the present
 the command has not been free from that class of diseases yvhich demands the free use of this drug in order that the soldier may
 be returned to duty at  an early day.   In regard to the use of mercurials in this class of diseases, my opinion is that they are
 urgently  demanded.  I am Avell  ayvare that a dose of quinine  will break up an attack of intermittent, but that it will  leave the
 system in a condition to enable it to yvard off an immediate return of the same is a doubtful proposition to  say the least; and I
 find a ready explanation of this in the  fact that yvhile  the army  ration is  yvell suited to supply the requisite  nourishment  and
 support  in a northern climate, yet in  a southern climate, and that in midsummer, the same ration yvill, from  the  excess of
 carbonacious  material introduced  into the system over  and above what is required to keep the  body at its proper degree
 of temperature, produces congestion of the aortal circulation and  general derangement  of the hepatic functions, which  constitute
 the almost universally predisposing cause of malarial  fevers.   To relieve this congestion and restore the normal functions of the
 liver, I have  generally resorted to the use of mercury in some of its varied forms, and with almost uniform success.  This plan,
 I believe, has been generally acted upon by the medical officers of the division, and in no case have I seen or heard of any evil
 results arising from the use of mercury.  Of the operating board, it is a great pleasure for me to be able to state that.I have not
been disappointed in a  single  member.   They have all  discharged the'duties allotted to them in a  faithful, prompt, and entirely
satisfactory manner.  Surgeon J. H. Rodgers, 104th Ohio Volunteers, Surgeon G. A.  Collamore, 100th Ohio Volunteers, Surgeon
W. H. Mullins, 12th Kentucky Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeon E. E. Lynn, 65th Illinois Volunteers, have my especial thanks
for the mamier in yvhich  they have performed their duties  as chief  operators; and the fact that but one case died yvhile in the 
REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS  FRINK  AND  WILDER.
319
division hospital, after being operated on  by this board, is certainly favorable to the consideration with which I regard them.
Three only have died after having operations performed;  one of these was an amputation of the hip joint, the  patient dying on
the table;  another was a yvound of the axillary artery, in which it yvas found necessary to ligate it, the patient dying some four
days after, gangrene having set in.   Both of these operations were  performed by Surgeon E. Shippen, U. S. V., medical director
of the Twenty-third Corps, and  both were  unfavorable cases.   The third was an amputation of the upper third of the thigh  by
Surgeon J. H. Rodgers, 104th Ohio Volunteers;  the  patient never reacted.  Surgeon J. F. Kimbly, 11th Kentucky Volunteers,
in addition to his supervision of the  brigade depots, assisted at the operating table  as  occasion required, and rendered valuable
service in both positions.  The wounded  under his supen ision have been uniformly as well cared for at  the depots as circum-
stances required.  Assistant Surgeon S. E.  Sheldon, 104th Ohio Volunteers, has also rendered valuable service as an assistant at
the operating board and in procuring medical supplies.   Assistant Surgeon G. W. Jones, 63d Indiana Volunteers, has had charge
of the records of the division and a more faithful, prompt, and efficient assistant I could not hope to find.  And in closing this
part of my report, I beg leave to state that  the medical staff of this division, Avith very few exceptions, have been active,  indus-
trious, and energetic, and in no instance have they failed to heartily co-operate yvith me in carrying out any measure that had for
its object the  good of the  troops serving  in the  division.  Your attention is respectfully called to the following statistics drawn
from the division records, to include the  interval betAveen June 11 and  September 10, 1864.  The total number taken on sick
report Avas six thousand seven hundred and seventy-eight, and the number of yvounded was five hundred and fifty-nine.   Of
these, tyvo thousand and ninety-four yvere sent to general hospital, sixty-one died from the effects of their wounds, and twelve
from disease.  There yvere eleven amputations of the thigh, seven of the leg, tyvo of the arm, four of the forearm, and one at the
hip joint.  There yvas one case of excision of the shaft of the femur and ligation of the femoral artery, four excisions of the shaft
of the humerus, and five of the head of the humerus, two of the elboyv joint, seven of the radius or ulna, and  one of the wrist
joint, together yvith forty-four minor operations.   *   *   In amputating, the circular methods had the preference, for the reason
chiefly that it is easier to transport the patient after the operation.   Of  late, all the amputations have been either circular or  by
integumentary flaps."              *      *
 CCLXIII.   Extracts from a Report  on the Wounded in the Army  of the  Ohio during the
       Campaign in  Georgia.   By  Surgeon A. M. "Wilder, U.S. Volunteers.

       *  *  *  "During the campaign in  Georgia, from the 1st of May, 1864, to the middle of September, 1864, there were
 three amputations of the thigh performed at the upper third, of yvhich one case made a good recovery; the other tyvo died, one on
 the table.  Ten amputations were performed at the middle third, five of yvhich recovered, and five died.  Twenty-three amputa-
 tions yvere performed at  the loyver third, tyvelve of yvhich recovered; two are still under treatment January 1, 1865; eight
 have died, and one termination is not knoyvn as no trace could be found of him.  Ten amputations yvere performed at the upper
 third of the leg,  six of yvhich have recovered, and  four died.  Five amputations were performed at the middle third of the leg;
 tyvo have recovered, tyvo died, and one is still under treatment January 1, 1865.   Eight amputations were performed at the lower
 third of the leg; tyvo have recovered and six died.  Three amputations were performed at the upper third of the arm; all have
 recovered.  Four amputations were performed at the middle third of the arm; one recovery and three deaths.  Eight amputations
 yvere performed at the loyver third of the  arm;  five recovered and three died.   Tyvo amputations yvere performed at the upper
 third of the. forearm; both have recovered.   Five amputations yvere performed at the middle third; three have recovered and two
 have died.   Four amputations  yvere performed at the loyver  third of the forearm; three have recovered, and one  is  still
 under treatment January 1, 1865.  One amputation yvas performed at the hip joint;  the patient died on the table.  One amputa-
 tion yvas performed at the knee joint; the patient recovered.   Four amputations were performed at tbe shoulder joint, all of yvhich
 recovered.  Tavo amputations were performed at the wrist joint; both cases have recovered.  Thirteen exsections of the shoulder
joint yvere performed; eight have recovered  and five haAre died.  Four exsections of the elboyv joint yvere performed; tyvo cases
 have recovered,  one  died, and  one case was lost.  There yvere two cases of resection in  the continuity of the femur, following
 compound comminuted fracture by conoidal bullet.  About three  inches were removed in each case, one  man died a month
 subsequently, the other one died about four months subsequently.  One case only of resection of the tibia was attempted;  the
 fibula was intact, and but tyvo inches of continuity were removed.   The case progressed finely, and there yvas every prospect of
 recovery, yvhen gangrene attacked the limb September 4, 1864.   The patient died September 26th, tyvo months subsequent to the
 operation.  Five cases of resections of the fibula are reported, tAvo of which terminated favorably, and three died; of these,  one
 died at Knoxville, Tennessee, three months after the operation.  He was in the gangrene yvard six yveeks, and was reduced to a
 mere skeleton; the other two died at Chattanooga about a month subsequent to the operations.  Eight cases are reported in yvhich
 portions of the continuity of the shaft of the humerus have been removed.  Of these, five have terminated favorably, one is still
 in hospital, one yvas transferred to Chattanooga where he died tyventy-two days after the reception of the yvound, and one yvas
transferred to Nashville, Tennessee, yvhere he died in tyventy days after the reception of the Avound.  Eight cases of resection in
the continuity of the radius are reported,  all  of which have terminated favorably.  Thirteen cases of resections in the continuity
of the ulna are reported, of yvhich eleven have terminated favorably and two have died.  Before closing this report, I yvould
respectfully call your attention to the greater mortality in those cases that are rapidly transported to the rear, as compared yvith
those retained at the general field hospital,  army of the Ohio,  and in a number of instances, patients were transferred from  the
latter place before they yvere able to endure the fatigue consequent thereon, and death yvas the result.  The regular hospital trains
yvere kept so constantly employed  in transporting  the sick and wounded of the armies of the Cumberland  and Tennessee that
they yvere never made use of by the army of the Ohio, consequently, in every instance, the sick foryvarded from this army yvere
sent to the rear in ordinary box  cars, made  as comfortable as  circumstances yvould permit by padding the bottoms yvith pine
boughs, leaves, cotton, etc., being sent in this manner.   Although cooks and attendants were always provided, and army rations
such as  could be obtained, it yvas  next to impossible  to furnish the  patients yvith suitable nourishment, or to give them that
attention so essential, especially to yvounds.  On several occasions, upon arriving at Chattanooga, it yvas found impossible to have 
320
APPENDED DOCUMENTS—CAMPAIGN  IN  GEORGIA.
the same cars sent to Knoxville, and the men had to be unloaded wherever a vacant place could be found, and made as comfort-
able as possible under the circumstances, until cars yvere  obtained to take them through to Knoxville.  These causes  combined
could  not  fail  in greatly decreasing  the probability of recovery in a majority of cases, and among the yvounded resulted in the
Avounds being filled Avith maggots, and attacked Avith  traumatic gangrene which, if not fatal in termination, protracted recovery
for an indefinite period.   Several cases died during the transit to hospitals in the rear, and I am ATery confident that this  one thing
prevented  recovery in many instances, that yvould have terminated successfully had they been retained in quiet near  the point
yvhere they yvere yvounded.  I have already briefly called your attention, in  my report of the general  field hospital, army of the
Ohio, to the unfavorable results of wounds treated by medical officers  having no experience in surgery, and yvho are totally
ignorant regarding treatment of gunshot  injuries; that  the subsequent treatment has much  more to do yvith the  successful
terminations of operations either in military or civil practice than the operation itself, none will deny; and in the army yvhere
the soldier is deprived of that entire devotion yvhich he yvould have at home among his oaa'ii people, it is even more necessary that
his medical attendant  should be skillful  and watchful; that the contrary is the  fact,  in very many instances, I  think no
experienced surgeon Avho has had any opportunity for observation, yvill give a dissenting voice, and in my oyvn mind, I have no
doubt from personal knowledge of cases  at various times, that some feyv  at least  have terminated unfavorably by  reason of
inexperience on the part of the medical attendants."     *   ■   *       *
CCLX1V.   Letter  to  the  Surgeon   General relative  to  General  Sherman's  Campaign from
      Atlanta  to  the  Coast.   By  Surgeon  John Moore, U. S.  Army,  Medical  Director  of the
      Department of the Tennessee.

                                                                           Atlanta,  Georgia, November  10, 1864.
  Sir : I have  been ordered  by General Sherman to report to him as medical director of the entire army under his command.
In three days the army yvill move into the interior of this State, having for its objective point some important toyvn on  the Atlantic
seaboard.   Transportation has been reduced to the  minimum, and in  consequence, only a limited amount of supplies can be
carried on  the  march.  In vieyv of the probability of those on hand  being  exhausted yvhen  the objective point is reached,  I
respectfully suggest that three months' medical supplies for sixty thousand men, as well as the fixtures for fitting up a hospital of
five thousand beds be held in readiness to he shipped  without delay, and yvithout further requisition, to Savannah or such other
point as the army may make its appearance on the seaboard.  Our movements yvill probably be learned through rebel papers.
                                     Very respectfully your obedient servant,
                                                                                        JOHN MOORE,
                                                         Surgeon,  U. S. A., Medical Director Department of the Tennessee.
  To the Surgeon General U.  S. Army.

CCLXV.   Extracts from  a Report  of the Medical Staff of the First Division of the Twentieth
      Corps  During the March from Atlanta to  Savannah, in 1864.   By Surgeon H. Z. Gill,
      U. S. Volunteers.
      *  # *  u -pue ^vision was composed of fifteen regiments, having a total strength present of five thousand eight hundred
and tyventy-mne.  * *   The men yvere generally in good condition, having had for  some yveeks the  advantage  of foraging
expeditions, and yvere well clothed before  leaving Atlanta, having received issues of neyv  clothing.  There yvere about three
hundred recruits in the command.   The transportation of  the division consisted of one hundred and seventy-seven six-mule
yvagons, thirty-eight of which carried ammunition.  The transportation of the division  hospital consisted of three army yvagons
and one medicine wagon,  carrying sixteen tent-flies and the usual monthly allowance of the most useful medical supplies.  The
transportation of the sick and yvounded consisted of thirty two-mule ambulances,  under  the supervision of a captain and one
lieutenant for each brigade, to which were added, near the close of the march, three army wagons for conveying knapsacks and
equipments of such men in the regiments as yvere not fit for hospital and yvho yvould return to their regiments at night.  The
ambulances carried tyvo hundred pounds of hard bread for the hospital,  yvhich was  much needed after the commissary's supply
yvas exhausted and before communication was opened with the fleet;  also, a  quantity of beef essence.  The sick and wounded
of the command had been mainly sent to the rear before yve left Atlanta, the credit for  yvhich is  partly due to the foresight and
energy of Surgeon Kittoe, medical inspector U.  S. A.   The hospital report of November 15th, shoyved but one man remaining.
There yvere, at the same date, fifty-one men in the regiments excused from duty.   On  the march, men yvere admitted to ambu-
lance or hospital on passes signed by the regimental medical officers.  One medical officer of the hospital  corps, and  one steward
accompanied the ambulance train each day to regulate admissions  and attend to the yvants of the sick.  During the campaign
seven hundred and seventeen sick and seventy-four wounded men yvere admitted to hospital.  At the close of the siege, the
number in hospital yvas only one per cent, of the entire strength of the command.  The regiments yvere supplied in most  cases
yvith a pack-mule and a pannier, and no regiment yvas yvithout a medical  officer.  *   *  The weather was unusually fine during
the campaign, there  being but three rainy days, though there were also a few light shoyvers.   The roads were good most of the
time.  In the latter part of the route yvhere the road led through a syvampy country,  some difficulty Avas experienced.  Had the
Aveather been rainy it yvould  have necessitated the  abandonment of a portion of our train.  *  *   The  supplies yvere taken
mostly from the country through which Ave passed, and though  comparatively thinly settled, it usually furnished an abundance
of beef-cattle, hogs, sheep, poultry of all kinds, SAveet potatoes in abundance for the men, and plenty of forage for the horses and
mules.  The Avater Avas generally very good, and sufficient for the season.  The command marched about three hundred and fifty
miles, and passed  through the folloAving toAvns: Decatur, November 15th;  Social Circle, November 18th;  Madison, November
19th; Eatouton, November 21st; Milledgeville, November 22d;  Sandersville and Teneille Station, November 26th; Davisboro', 
Plate XII. op.p.320.
Appendix to Part LMed & Surg.History of the Rebellion.
IhllBburo
      MAP of the MARCH
           THROUCH

CEORCIAandtheCAROLINAS
         _______Line of March.
Reduced from Map of the Engineer Bureau .
J.Bien. Pliotoiith. 
 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRKCTOR MOORE.
321
November 27th; Spiers Station, November 28th; and Springfield, December 7th.  The battle of Monteith Swamps occurred on
December 9th, at yvhich the division captured two forts, Avith  a loss of  one killed and five Avounded.  We reached the main
Avorks for the defence of Savannah, on December 10th, and commenced the siege.   On the same  day, the division captured a
steamboat, and another on December 12th.   One brigade crossed the river and  entrenched  on  the  South Carolina side on
December 19th.  The city Avas evacuated by the  enemy on the night of the 20th, and was  formally surrendered by the civil
authorities on December 21st, 1864.   On  the route  Ave had two  skirmishes; one at Sandersville  on November 26th, and the
other at Monteith Swamp, on December 9th."      *      *       *
CCLXVI.   Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of General  Sherman's Army
     from January,  IS65, to the Close of the War.   By Surgeon  John Moore, U. S. A., Medical
      Director.
      '•Gkxeral: I have the honor to submit the folloyving brief report of that part of the campaign in the Carolinas pertaining
to the medical department,  Prior to leaving Savannah, the army had been replenished with one month's supplies of medicines
and hospital stores.  These supplies yvere drayvn from the purveyor for the Department of the South, at Hilton Head, South
Carolina, to yvhom they had been sent for this army.   Soon after arriving in Savannah, corps hospitals were established for the
reception of such sick or disabled men as yvere then in the army, as yvell as for receiving all such cases as would be unable to
undergo the hardships of a severe campaign yvhen the time came for taking the field.  The army yvas composed of the Fourteenth,
Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Tyventieth Corps, and the Third Cavalry Division, making an aggregate of about sixty-five thousand
men.   The several corps  left  Savannah  at various  dates from the 15th to 22d of January.  Before  marching they were
disencumbered of all men not supposed to be able to endure active duty in the field, these sick or disabled men being placed  in
their respective corps hospitals.   A sufficient number of medical officers and hospital attendants had been detailed and  ordered
to the duty of taking care of all left in the hospitals.   Before entering Savannah, about two hundred men, eighty of whom had
been carried in ambulances from the vicinity of  Macon, had been sent on a hospital  steamer to the hospitals  at Hilton Head.
The  right yving. under command of General Hoyvard, began the march from Pocotaligo,  South Carolina, on February  1, 1865.
These troops had been encamped for tyvo yveeks in loyv marshes, and it yvas again found necessary to disencumber the two corps,
the Fifteenth and Seventeenth, forming this yving of the army, of about tyvo hundred sick, yvho yvere sent to hospitals in Beaufort,
South Carolina.  At about the same date, the tyvo corps, Fourteenth and Twentieth, forming the left wing under General  Slocum,
began the march from tyvo  points, about thirty miles apart, on the north side of the Savannah River.  To facilitate the progress
of the army, the four corps marched by as many different roads.   By far the most serious  obstacle encountered during the first
ten days yvas the bad condition of the roads.  The face of the country was intersected  with innumerable  streams, spreading over
a wide extent of bottom, through which  the water flowed in numerous channels, with  intervening marshes, impracticable for
roads except by continuous corduroy and bridging.  To do this work, and to extricate  yvagons and artillery from the mire, great
numbers of the  men yvere  wading through water and mud from morning till  night.  The roads through this  part of the State
yvould  have  been thorough fens and marshes only to be crossed on causeyvays  even  in dry weather and  yvithout opposition; but
several days' heavy rain so swelled the streams as to cover the whole face of the country with water, so that the marching
columns were almost constantly in yvater, often  knee deep.  On February 2d, the enemy disputed the crossing of the Salkahatchie
River at River's Bridge.  After a short skirmish, a crossing was effected with a loss of sixteen killed and eighty-five yvounded.
The yvounded from this affair were sent back to Beaufort.  This loss occurred in  General Mower's division of the Seventeenth
Corps.  After this there was no other considerable skirmish until the arrival of the right wing at Congaree Creek, near Columbia.
The crossing yvas opposed by cavalry under Wade Hampton; but the crossing yvas soon  effected, yvith a loss of five  killed and
fourteen yvounded.   Tavo days afterward  the  army entered Columbia.   Up to this period the left wing had encountered  no
opposition.   The cavalry under General Kilpatrick had a severe  skirmish at Aiken, a point on the railroad  about twenty miles
east of Augusta; but I have not received a report of the casualties.   After a rest of two days in Columbia, the army resumed
its march, taking roads  leading to the north, and in tyvo days reached Winslow.   The following day, a march of near tyventy
miles was made, to the  crossing of the Catayvba  River at Rocky Mount,   This yvas by the left wing.   The right wing crossed
the river tyvelve miles lower.  At this point the  river is called the Wateree.   The country passed over from  Columbia to  the
Wateree, a distance of nearly fifty miles, yvas high and rolling, yvith occasional outcroppings of the granite formation, more so
than any passed over in South Carolina.  Oyving to a rapid rise in the Wateree, a delay of four or five days^occurred  before the
army yvas entirely across.  From this point the march was in the direction of  Cheraw, South Carolina,  and Fayetteville, North
Carolina.  These places were both taken with very trifling loss.  A halt of two  days was made at Fayetteville, during which
about three  hundred sick and  a feyv wounded  were sent on river transports  to Wilmington.  The  Cape Fear  River was
crossed on pontoon bridges, and the march resumed in the general direction of Raleigh and Goldsboro', the  latter being the objective
point.  On the evening  of  March 15th, General Kilpatrick came in contact yvith the enemy on the Fayetteville and Raleigh road
near Averysboro'.  On the 16th, they yvere found posted behind entrenchments, and in dislodging them the Tyventieth  Corps and
cavalry division lost about four hundred in wounded.  They yvere promptly removed from the field, and two or three  adjacent
houses and sheds used for hospitals.  It was raining heavily during the greater part of the day.   The enemy retired in the
direction  of Smithfield,  and our march was resumed  the  following day to  the eastward  on  roads  leading in the direction of
Goldsboro'.  On March 19th, a fierce attack was  made by the whole rebel force, under  General Joe Johnston, upon the  advance
and flank of the  marching column of the left wing.  The Fourteenth Corps, having the  advance, was  compelled to fall back a
short distance, until the Twentieth Corps came up, yvhen  a line of battle was formed and temporary defences thrown up.  Two
or three determined assaults by the enemy were made, but were successfully repelled.  The ground yvas held that night by our
troops, and on the 20th, the Fifteenth and  Seventeenth Corps were marched back to their assistance.  Some severe fighting and
heavy skirmishing  occurred during the afternoon, and  lieavy firing kept up until late at night.   On the following morning, it was
found that the enemy had evacuated his entrenchments and retreated in the direction of Raleigh, abandoning his hospitals.  Our
         41 
322
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—CAMPAIGN  IN GEORGIA.
 loss in the left wing, according to the hospital reports during these tyvo days, yvas nine  officers and one hundred and  forty-five
 men killed, and fifty-one officers and one hundred and fifty-one men yvounded.  In the right wing, tyvo officers and thirty-five
 men yvere  killed, and two hundred and eighty-nine yvere yvounded, making a total of one hundred and ninety-one killed* and
 eleven hundred and sixty-eight wounded.  The wounded yvere yvell cared for in hospitals erected about half a mile in the rear of
 the line of battle.  On the 19th, they came under fire and had  to be removed. Although this battle occurred nearly at the close
 of a long march  of tyvo months'  duration, yvithout an opportunity of replenishing supplies, there was  no lack of any article
 essential to the comfort of the yvounded.  Most of those yvounded on the 19th yvere made  as comfortable  as  possible in yva«'ons
 and moved on the 20th to the vicinity of the Neuse River, opposite  Goldsboro', a distance of about twenty-five miles.  Army
 wagons yvere used in consequence of a scarcity of ambulances.  About twelve o'clock on  the 21st, the army reneyved the march
 toyvard Goldsboro', and entered that place on the 23d  and 24th.   All the yvounded and sick were comfortably placed on bunks
 before the evening of the 25th.  As far as the number of tents yvould allow, they yvere placed under canvas in the open country
 around the toyvn, and the remainder placed in houses selected in toyvn.  They have  done remarkably yvell.   Supplies yvere
 rapidly brought up from Neyv Berne, and  the men before being  wounded were in a  vigorous state of health, very favorable to
 rapid recovery from yvounds.   From this point all have been or will be sent to New Berne, where they yvill have good hospital
 accommodations until  they can be  sent north.  The duration of this campaign  has been about sixty days, and tbe distance
 marched about four hundred and fifty miles.   Forty-eight days were spent in actual marching, and the average, notwithstanding
 bad roads and  the necessity of bridging most of the streams, has  been about ten miles.  Some of the corps made on emergency
 as much as tyventy-five miles in a day.   No  part of the regular ration yvas issued on  the campaign, except sugar, coffee and
 salt.  Everything else yvas obtained from the country by regularly detailed  foragers.  A great part of the march was through a
 region sparsely settled; an unbroken  flat  and sandy region, yielding little  in return to the  farmer.  But our foraginc parties
 yvould go to distances  of five or ten miles from the road, and ahvays returned laden yvith bacon, poultry, and flour or meal.  The
 people of the  country  soon  discovered that yvhen  our soldiers brought together everything  which could be used in an armv
 there yvas a very considerable supply where they supposed nothing could be found.   Very  great sagacity yvas shown by our
 soldiers in discovering provisions and other articles hidden in the earth.   Of course such a  march as this, with tyvo or three
 yveeks continuous rain, over a country interspersed with swamps and wide-spread marshes, with an unusual number of broad
 and difficult rivers to be crossed, and a yvatchful enemy ready to give annoyance at every available opportunity, could not be
 accomplished yvithout much hardship and determined and patient endurance on the part of the men.  But that this has not
 injured them is shown by the very small  number  of sick.   The average percentage of' sick  during the  campaign, in an  army
 of sixty-five thousand  men, has been a fraction of over  tyvo per cent.; unquestionably  much less than if they  had  been  lyin<*
 quietly in garrison. The open air, freedom from drunkenness,  and other vices inseparable from garrison life, but most of all, the
 novelty and excitement of an active campaign, on whieh every man knows that  important results depend, are among the causes
 of better health in the field.   And  again,  the variety and abundance of food, and possibly the irregular and predatory method
 of obtaining it, may have  something to do yvith then- better sanitary condition; and lastly, but not least influential, is behi" led
 by a general in yvhom  they have unlimited confidence.   On the march the system  of division hospitals was kept up, and found
 to work yvell.   All men from the regiments requiring hospital treatment were sent to the hospital of the division at the morning
 "sick call," and yvere taken  under the care of the surgeons in charge, who remain permanently with the hospital.  The yvagons
 and ambulances of the division train move  together, and in the evening the commander of the division indicates the place
 for encamping the hospital, and the surgeon in charge, yvith his ambulance men and  attendants, sees to the prompt pitching
 of the tents, and the removal of the sick or yvounded from the  ambulances, and  that they are fed and made comfortable.  This
 is a complete organization, and secures more comfort to those in  hospital, yvithout  the trouble of making daily details from the
 regiments for pitching  hospital tents, and having them in the way of those who are well.  The hospital attendants on the march
 do the foraging for their hospital.   After the last two battles some inconvenience was felt oyving to the deficiency of ambulances.
 Most of those  in use in this country were supplied during the  first year of the war, and are worn out.   One hundred new ones
 have  been  received here.   No  instances of any serious neglect of duty on  the part  of  the medical officers have come to my
 knowledge; but, on the contrary, they have been faithful and zealous in the performance of  duty, and the wounded have been
 promptly removed from the field to the hospitals.   The neyv system of ambulance organization has been more or less completely
 carried into effect in all the corps, and has worked yvell.   The  character of the yvounds in the cases of those brought to the
 hospitals were unusually grave, much of the firing being at short range.  Of the  one thousand  three hundred  and  sixty-eight
 yvounded  brought to  the hospitals, one hundred and  thirty-one died yvithin forty-eight  hours.  There were eighty-eight
 capital amputations in cases  brought to the  hospitals  from the battles of the  16th* and 19th of March.  A number of these
 in the Tyventieth  Corps yvere  carried in  ambulances over  very rough roads  the day following the battle;  and  yet when
 I saw them a few days ago at the hospital  tents in an open field, I think I have never seen so many men with amputations doing
so well in the most elaborately arranged hospital.  Every year's experience tends to prove the advantage of treating wounded
men in tents yvhere they can enjoy the ventilation almost of the open air.  The Sanitary Commission was prompt in furnishing
many luxuries to the hospitals, yvhich they had no other means  of obtaining
      The  subjoined tabular statement will give a summary of sickness, casualties, etc.:
Strength of com-
     mand.
65,000
Average daily
number sick*
1,520
Total number
  yvounded.
1,368
Died from yvounds.
130
Sent to rear.
685
Total number Wounded
  and sick on arrival at
  Goldsboro'.

   (Approximate.)
2,888 
REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR COOPER.
323
       Those in the above table reported as sent to the rear, were sent from Fayetteville to Wilmington, except the wounded from
  River's  Bridge, yvho yvere sent to Beaufort..  As tar as I have been informed  there is no case of a sick or wounded man being
  left on the way.  When the army cast  loose from everything in the  rear, on the campaign from Atlanta to Savannah, probably
  one of the gravest objections to it, in the minds of both officers and men, was the dread of being left in case of sickness in the hands
  of their  enemies.  But on neither that campaign nor this one has this fear been  realized, except in the case of tAvo men from the
  right wing who had compound fractures of the thigh, and yvere  left  in friendly hands hi Georgia.  In short, the facility with
  which an army can subsist in all the settled portions of the Confederacy, while  at the same time destroying the food and forage
  indispensable to the support of its armies, has  demonstrated the feasibility of a mode of yvarfare, that, six months ago, was deemed
  chimerical and hazardous, and undoubtedly has had an important influence in bringing the war to its present cheerful  aspect.
                   I have the honor to be, very  respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                                          JOHN MOORE,
   »r •  r,      Mirno         .,                                                 Surgeon U. S.  A., Medical Director.
   Major General W. T. Siiekmax.                                                                 '


  CCLXVIL   Report  of  the  Medical Department of  the   Army of  the  Cumberland,  from
       September  1  to  December 31,  1864.  By  Surgeon  George  E.  Cooper,  TJ. S. A.,  Medical
       Director.

       " My report of the medical department, army of the Cumberland, from the time of the invasion of northern  Alabama and
  Tennessee, by the army under General Hood, till  the  defeat  of the same  by the Union forces in front of Nashville, and the
  pursuit  of the enemy beyond the Tennessee River, must be a meagre and unsatisfactory one, in consequence of my having been
  separated from the army, and not in active campaign yvith it until after the battle of Nashville.  The proceedings of the medical
  department are, however, exceedingly Avell pohited out in the accompanying report of Surgeon  J. Theodore Heard, U. S. V., the
  medical  director of the Fourth Corps,  yvho, in person,  accompanied that corps which yvas all that was  left as  an organized
  force of  the old army of the Cumberland, the  Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps, having been taken by Major General Sherman to
  form a portion of the  army yvith yvhich he made the march through  Georgia.   At the time  of evacuating Atlanta the corps
  hospitals of the army of the  Cumberland Avere, as  they had been in  the summer campaign, fully organized and  equipped, and
  ready to move at a moment's notice.  The general field hospital,  under  the ■charge of Surgeon  M.  C. WoodAVorth, U.  S. V., was
  in fine condition and of sufficient capacity to receive all the sick and wounded of the army Avho,  on the  breaking up of the division
  hospitals, might require medical treatment.  Supplies of all kinds had been called for and procured by the field medical purveyor,
  and the  army corps yvere amply and liberally supplied.   The ambulances yvhich had undergone severe wear during the summer
  campaign, yvere repaired and put in as serviceable a condition as the time and'material on hand yvould permit.  When the rebel
  army fell upon the  line of railroad in  our rear, the inconvenience suffered by the medical department yvas trivial.   The only
  article which ran short yvas yvhiskey and this yvas replaced by requisitions on the subsistence department.  The Fourth and
  Fourteenth  Corps having been ordered  to follow General Hood's army to the rear, the sick from their division hospitals yvere
  transferred to the general hospital, Avhere they were  cared for as well  as could be desired, and the troops left Atlanta entirely
  disencumbered of sick  or yvounded men.  What occurred from that time till the last days of November, 1864, is knoyvn to me by
.  hearsay  only, and from reading the reports furnished to headquarters.  For this information, I refer to the excellent  report of
  Surgeon Heard, medical director Fourth Corps, yvho, having been one of that little band who held  the yvhole rebel  army in check
  from Decatur, Alabama, to Nashville, Tennessee,  is far more competent to make the report than I.   Synchronous yvith my arrival
  at Nashville from Atlanta and Chattanooga, came reports of the falling back of our army from Pulaski, Tennessee,  and of heavy
  and continuous skirmishing yvith Hood's advance.   On the 30th of November came the news that a severe action had taken place
  near Franklin, Tennessee, and that our losses  in both killed and yvounded had been heavy. The medical director of  the Fourth
  Corps was immediately telegraphed to and asked if he required a hospital train, and early next morning hospital train No. 2 was
 sent to Brentwood, between Nashville and Franklin.  On the night of  November 30th, two freight trains loaded yvith wounded
 from skirmishes beyond Franklin, containing chiefly patients yvho had been brought to that place in ambulances, arrived here.
 The yvounded were  transferred  to the general hospitals  here, and were promptly and skillfully cared for by the medical officers
 there on  duty.   On the folloyving day the  troops arrived from Franklin, bringing with  them many wounded, but  having been
 unfortunately compelled to leave larger numbers in the hands  of the enemy.   Almost at the same moment came  the  troops
 commanded  by  Major General A. J.  Smith. These troops were  deficient in almost  everything  belonging to the hospital
 department;  they had no organized ambulance corps or trains; there  yvas neither division nor brigade organization of hospitals;
 but the  regimental medical  officers were  as they had been from  the  beginning of the war, and seemed  to have learned nothing
 from  experience or the  example of  others, and opposed every improvement as an innovation.  They had but feyv medical supplies,
 and yvere yvanting in almost everything yvhich yvould aid them in alleviating the sufferings of the sick and yvounded of their commands.
 It was necessary to fit  them out with all  possible dispatch, yvhich yvas done; and thanks  are due to  Surgeon Robert Fletcher,
 U. S. V., medical purveyor, for his energy, efficiency, and promptness  in this emergency.  No one  could have  performed the
 duties of purveyor in a manner more creditable to himself or with greater benefit to the government.  As soon as the troops
 arrived in front of Nashville they were placed in the lines, and compelled to throw up intrenchments.  They were much prostrated
 by their  constant harassing night and day marches from the Tennessee  River to Nashville; but notwithstanding this, in a short
 time, by  constant and severe labor, works were thrown  up which rendered Nashville impregnable.  As the army was short of
 men  it became  necessary to call  to  the  aid  of the  beleaguered city  all  the troops within reach; consequently, the  different
 detachments  of  the army wliich left Atlanta yvith General Sherman  and had remained  behind in hospitals or otherwise were
 organized into a temporary corps under the command of Major General Steadman.  This extemporized corps was yvithout any
 organization whatever, and to it yvas  attached the regiments of colored troops.   It is impossible for me  to learn yvhether these
 troops consider themselves a part of the army of the Cumberland or a separate command made for Colonel Mussey.  I should judge 
321
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY  OF  THE  CUMBERLAND.
them to be out of the department  did I take the attention they pay to  the existence of this office as a criterion.   They are more
irregular in forwarding their reports than any regiments in the army of the Cumberland.
      The yveather, yvhich previous to the arrival  of the troops had  been moderate, became, shortly after  their arrival at
Nashville, excessively cold for this latitude.   The result of this was much suffering on the part of the troops, and the comparative
cessation of all offensive measures on the part of either army.   At this  time the results of the fatigue undergone by the troops in
the retreat from Decatur and the subsequent labor in the trenches, began to sIioav themselves in the greatly increased number of
men yvho  presented themselves for medical treatment.  Many, too, yvho had  undergone the hardships of the summer and fall
campaign yvithout  detriment to their health, noyv yielded to the  bitter  cold,  and the disease of the  pulmonary organs became
numerous. Rheumatic affections, too, became quite prevalent. The advent of the rebel army in front of Nashville, and the fact that it
Avas intrenching, rendered  the  necessity of a general action a moral  certainty.  To prepare for the sick and Avounded of the
government  forces  demanded a much larger amount of hospital  accommodation than Avas  at  that time at the disposal  of the
hospital department. Anticipating a large  influx of yvounded, the efficient superintendent and director of general hospitals at
Nashville took possession of every building that  could be  made  use  of for hospital purposes, and had them fitted up yvith all
possible dispatch.   Consequently, four thousand vacant beds yvere at the disposal of the medical department.  The assistant
surgeon general, too, anticipating the necessity, ordered to Nashville a large number of medical officers, many of yvhom arrived prior
to the actions, and all in sufficient time to be of the greatest service to the yvounded in the battles in front of Nashville.  The medical
officers of the Fourth Corps being emphatically experts in the care of the yvounded after a battle,  had everything prepared for
prompt  and efficient action.   They had supplied themselves  with  all  the necessaries,  and in addition had procured all the
delicacies within their reach.  The result was that after the actions of 15th and 16th of December the  men belonging to the Fourth
Corps, and all who yvere brought to the field hospitals of that corps,  were promptly and skillfully treated, and most carefully
provided for.  Too much praise cannot be ayvarded to the medical staff of the Fourth Corps for their untiring attention and skillful
manner of treating  the wounded in their division hospitals.  Were it not invidious to designate and particularize by name certain
officers yvhere all are yvorthy, I would give  a list of the medical officers yvho so faithfully performed their duties.  This I yvill not
do, but justice to themselves demands that I should mention and particularize  Surgeons M. G. Sherman, 9th Indiana Volunteers,
Stephen J. Young,  79th Illinois Volunteers,  E. B. Glick, 40th Indiana Volunteers, and C. N. Ellinwood, 74th Illinois Volunteers,
as men  deserving of more than ordinary notice.  Previous to the battles instructions had been given to the surgeons in charge to
establish division field hospitals as near to the field as practicable, and strict orders were issued directing the surgeons to operate
upon the field on all requiring it previous to transferring  the men to the general hospitals in the city.  The weather, yvhich had
entirely stopped all  offensive military operations, having moderated considerably, the army, on  the morning of December 15th,
marched out beyond the fortifications for the purpose of assualting the enemy's lines.  The medical department of the army of the
Cumberland proper yvere prepared to  attend to any number of yvounded brought in to them from the field, and established their
hospitals as  near the front as the  safety of'the wounded, and the configuration of the country would admit.   Water being quite
plenty, position only had to be sought for.
      The extemporized  corps  commanded by Major General Steadman, had no organized medical staff.   One yvas organized,
being composed of all the surgeons who could be found unattached, in consequence of being on leave of absence, or having been
separated from their regiments, yvhich had marched from Atlanta with Major General Sherman.   To these were added the medical
officers of the United States colored troops.   This portion of the medical staff was under the charge of Surgeon Josiah D. Colton,
92d Ohio Volunteers, who acted as medical  director.  Though hastily brought together, and lacking in all the appurtenances for
field hospitals, the medical officers of this command did all  in their power to assist and relieve the wounded under their charge.
The only great drawback to prompt action in this portion of  the army, was the entire absence of an ambulance corps.  The
blockade of  the Cumberland river by the rebel batteries had prevented the quartermaster's department from bringing a sufficient
number to Nashville.   To remedy the want of ambulances as much as  possible, every one that could be found  in Nashville, no
matter in what capacity used, yvas taken possession of and sent into the field, to be used as circumstances might demand.  This
in a manner served in the place  of an ambulance corps, but  the yvant.of system and  organization yvas very apparent.  The
soldiers wounded in the action  of the 15th of December, yvere, on the same night, brought into the city, and placed in the general
hospitals, where every  necessary attention was paid them; such as had not been operated upon were then examined, and such
measures yvere taken as their cases demanded.  The wounded in the action of the 16th of December, 1864, were also brought in and
placed in the general hospitals;  some were brought in by ambulances of the corps, and some by vehicles which had been impressed
for that purpose.  Surgeon O. Q.  Herrick, 34th Illinois Volunteers, superintendent of transportation of sick and wounded, made
use of all available means to remove from the field, each and every man found there.  This was a matter of no little labor, for the
field of operations covered several miles, and wounded men were  in every portion of it,  and the cavalry yvounded were further
distant; yet by midday of the 17th of December, all our wounded were in comfortable hospitals, the recipients of every attention
that skill and science could furnish.   The pursuit of the enemy entailed, as a natural consequence, much more labor in the care of
the wounded;  the railroads yvere destroyed, and all the wounded had to be transferred by means of ambulances to the hospitals
at Franklin, Columbia, and Pulaski.  This yvas done under the supervision of Surgeon O. Q. Herrick, and too much praise cannot
be given him for his untiring energy and labor in collecting and bringing in from the houses in the vicinity of the line of march,
the yvounded of our oyvn and the rebel army.   The cavalry in  advance, paid but little attention to their wounded, but  left them
in houses by the road-side,  to be cared for by the surgeons of the infantry troops who yvere following.  The Fourth Army Corps
carried  yvith them the sick and yvounded, in  ambulances,  until they  arrived yvhere proper hospital accommodations  could be
furnished.  The Sixteenth and Tyventy-third Army Corps  not being in the advance, had no yvounded to be cared for.  In Franklin,
Columbia, and Pulaski, a large number of rebel yvounded were found,  who had been left by their army.  A sufficient number of
medical officers had been left yvith them, to give them proper attention.    These yvounded yvere, as soon as practicable, transferred
in hospital cars, to Nashville;  yvhere they yvere placed in one large hospital.  The medical  officer in charge, was directed to
furnish them all necessaries, and such luxuries as the condition of their yvounds required. This was done until the arrival of the
commissary general of prisoners,  who directed that the wounded rebels should be confined to prison hospital rations.  I do not 
REPORTS  OF SURGEONS COOPER  AND  HEARD.
325
think that it is the intention of the government  to deprive yvounded men, rebels though they be, of everything needful for  their
treatment.  Prison hospitals being at a distance from the front, it yvas not expected that mounted men yvould be brought there,
till sufficiently yvell to travel, yvhen diet yvould be but a matter of minor import.  No surgeon can give good results, if he be not
allowed to use every article called for by sinking nature, and to treat  disease untrammelled by orders from non-professional  men.
      The  yvounded of our armies, yvho yvere left at Franklin,  Columbia, and Pulaski, had medical officers  detailed to remain
with them  until the  railroad could be repaired, yvhen  those yvho could bear transportation yvere  to be removed to  Nashville.
The necessary supplies yvere left yvith the sick and yvounded, as far as yvas practicable, but not in such abundance as would  have
been furnished had the railroad been intact,  The yveather, during the pursuit, was of the most disagreeable character;  rain fell
for four successive days, and yvhen this ceased, the yveather greyv severely cold.  This yvas folloyved by protracted rains and mud.
Probably, in no part of the yvar, have the men suffered more from inclement yveather than in the month of December, 1864, yvhen
following General Hood's retreating  army from Nashville to the Tennessee  River.  The  result of this Aveather and the  hard
marching Avas, as might have been looked for, severe  affections of the pulmonary viscera, fevers, rheumatisms and diarrhoeas,
which served to fill the hospitals in this vicinity to their utmost capacity.
      The  number of men Avounded in the actions in front of Nashville will never be correctly furnished, in consequence of the
character of some of the troops engaged, and their having no organized medical department.  The records of this office as far as
completed sIioav, for the actions from Decatur to Nashville, four  hundred and tyvo yvounded.  In front of Nashville, and during
the pursuit of the rebels, one thousand seven hundred and seventeen yvounded.  The yvounds yvere caused by musketry throyving
conoidal projectiles, and by artillery of the latest and most  approved character, and yvere received at all distances, from contact
with the muzzle of the piece to the  extreme rage of artillery and musketry.   The character of many of the yvounds was of the
most severe kind, having been  received  at  short range, consequent upon  the peculiarity of the  battle, which was  a series of
charges upon heavily fortified lines, held  by strong forces of the enemy.   The medical officers of the army of the Cumberland
did, in this .campaign, all that men could do to alleviate the sufferings of the yvounded soldiery, and  have only added to the
enviable reputation gained by them  on many a former battle-field.  They are skillful, zealous, untiring and faithful, knowing  their
duty and doing it most conscientiously. The medical officers of  the Sixteenth Corps did their duty well and faithfully, but yvant
of systematic organization crippled  their movement most perceptibly.  I yvill transmit the nominal list of yvounded as soon  as it
can be made out.  It yvill be defective in the cavalry corps and in those troops commanded by Major General Steadman.
                                        Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                                                     GEORGE E. COOPER,
                                                                             Surgeon U. S. A., Medical Director D.  C.
  To the Surgeox Gexeral  U.  S. A."

CCLXV1II.   Extracts of a Report of the  Operations of the Medical Department of the Fourth
      Army  Corps at  Spring  Hill, Franklin,  and Nashville,  Tennessee.    By  Surgeon J. T.
      Heard,  U.  S. Yolunteers.
       " Sir : I have the honor to submit  the folloyving report of the operations of the medical department of the Fourth Corps
at the battles of Spring Hill and Franklin, November 29th and 30th, respectively.   On the morning of the 29th of November, the
Fourth Corps consisting of three divisions, and the TAventy-third Corps of tyvo divisions, were in position on the north bank of
Duck River opposite Columbia,  Tennessee.   The enemy, or the  larger portion of the rebel army, yvas upon the south bank and
confronting our lines.  At nine  o'clock A.  m., the 2d division of  the Fourth Corps marched for Spring Hill, accompanied by and
guarding all  the trains of the army, yvith the  exception of twenty ambulances left with the 1st and 3d divisions of  the Fourth
Corps, which divisions were ordered to remain  with the Twenty-third Corps until dark and then to withdraw with the rest of the
army.  About tyvo in the afternoon, the head of the column behig yvithin one  mile of Spring Hill, the commanding general yvas
informed that the cavalry of the enemy yvas pushing back  our cavalry and rapidly approaching the toyvn.  The troops were at
once pushed foryvard at double quick, and having passed through the town, charged the enemy,  checked him, and finally caused
him to retire.  The division yvas then placed in position to protect the pike on which the trains yvere moving.  About four o'clock,
the right brigade under General Bradley was  furiously  attacked by two brigades of rebel  infantry.  The attack was continued
until nearly dark, yvhen our right gave yvay toyvard the pike and yvas followed by the enemy.  Fortunately all trains had then
passed, and had been parked north of the toyvn yvhere, also, division hospitals had been temporarily organized, and the wounded
provided yvith primary dressings and comforts.   A few yvounded were unavoidably lost yvhen the right gave yvay.  One hundred
and fifteen yvounded yvere brought to hospital.  Shortly after dark orders yvere given to break up hospitals, load ambulances, and
be ready to move with the other trains at a moment's  notice.  The rest of the army reached  Spring Hill about ten p. m., and
continued their march through the  toyvn toward Franklin.  The hospital and ambulance trains moved at the same time,  reaching
Franklin at ten in the morning of November 30th, yvithout loss, although several times attacked by the enemy's cavalry.   The
wounded and sick were sent by rail to Nashville early in the afternoon.  The two divisions of the Tyventy-third Corps, yvith the
1st and 2d divisions of the Fourth Corps remained south of the Harpeth River and intrenched themselves.  The 3d division of
the Fourth Corps crossed to the north side of the river  and yvas not engaged in the  battle of Franklin.  At about one o'clock
in the afternoon of November 30th, the enemy  appeared in force opposite our lines.  At half past three o'clock in the afternoon,
as it was determined to withdraw at dark toward  Nashville, orders were given to send all trains, except half the ambulances of
each division, to Nashville.  Soon after the trains were fairly on the road, the enemy commenced a furious  attack upon the entire
lines.  Six distinct assaults were made, and by hard fighting were repulsed with great loss to the enemy.  As soon as the  firing
commenced,  orders were sent for the  hospital yvagons to be parked in the nearest field, and the tents to be temporarily pitched;
all ambulances to return and cross the river.  Efforts yvere there made to obtain a train of cars for the yvounded; the commanding
general,  hoyvever, did not  deem it best  that  one should be telegraphed for.   Oyving to the intense  darkness and imperfect
provision for crossing and  recrossing the river, the movement of ambulances yvas necessarily retarded.   The yvounded yvere 
326
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY  OF  THE CUMBERLAND.
 collected at hospital  as  rapidly as possible;  the  toyvn yvas thoroughly searched for Avounded; orders yvere  issued for the with-
 drawal of  troops at twelve o'clock; the  ambulances yvorked constantly until  eleven o'clock p. m., and yvere then loaded to their
 utmost yvith yvounded collected at hospitals.  Such  slight cases of disease as remained yvere loaded upon army Avagons;  the
 hospitals and  ambulance trains were the last  to  draw out, and yvere closely folloyved by the troops.  Five hundred and fifty
 yvounded yvere brought  off.  From all that can be ascertained, it is probable  that from seventy-five to one hundred yvounded of
 this corps yvere left in the hands of the enemy.   Many rebel yvounded fell into our hands, but yvere left for yvant of transportation.
 The ambulance train reached Nashville  at nine o'clock A. m., December 1st,  and the yvounded yvere placed in general hospitals.
 The folloyving casualties occurred among the ambulance men of this corps: Private William Malony, Co. D, 23d  Kentucky,
 shot through arm; Private Patrick Martin, Co. E, 73d Illinois, severe wound of leg; Private Henry Donnell, Co. C, 36th Illinois,
 shot in chest; Private John Halderman, Co. H, 36th Illinois, missing in action; Private OAven Henderson, Co. G, 40th Indiana,
 shot in abdomen, reported killed.  List of Avounded and tabular  statements of wounded have already been fonvarded.  *  *
 On the morning of December 14th, orders were received to  be ready at six o'clock A. m. December  15th, to  move upon  the
 enemy's position.  The  hospitals of this corps yvhich, since the 2d of the month, had been located near the city on the Franklin
 pike, yvere ordered to be broken  up, and the hospital train to be parked on the Hillsboro' pike, there  to remain until further
 developments.   The sick yvere transferred to general hospital.  At seven o'clock a. m. December 15th, the troops of this corps
 moved out by the Hillsboro' pike, in front of the line of yvorks occupied by them  during the two yveeks previous and formed as
 folloyvs: 1st division on the right, connecting with the left of Major General A. J. Smith's command; 2d  division on the left of
 the 1st, and the 3d division on the left of the 2d, and someyvhat retired.  The hospitals  of the corps yvere at once  established
 directly on the Hillsboro' pike, and about a quarter of a mile in  rear of the  line of yvorks.   The site selected was the lawn in
 front of a large brick house; water was  abundant and good.   Detachments from each division ambulance train were close in rear
 of the troops, the remaining ambulances yvere parked in rear of the yvorks and ready to move out yvhen required.  The stretcher-
 men were with their respective regiments.  During the fighting of December 15th, the line of this corps was advanced nearly
 tyvo miles.  The loss in wounded was not severe, being only tyvo hundred and three men.  The yvounded were promptly removed
 from the field and cared for at division hospitals.  The majority of the yvounds yvere caused by conoidal balls.  After dark, the
 fighting having ceased, and  all operations and dressings having been attended to, the wounded yvere transferred  to general
 hospital.   As the position of the corps had noyv changed from the Hillsboro' to the Franklin pike, the hospital train yvas ordered
 to be loaded and ready  to move at daylight on December 16th.  On the morning of the 16th, the position of the troops of this
 corps was as follows: The 3d division on the left of  the Franklin pike, connecting with the right of Major General Steadman's
 command;  2d division  in the centre, and the 1st division on the right, connecting with the command of Major General A. J.
 Smith.  The hospitals yvere located on the right  and left of the Franklin pike at the Springs, about  tyvo miles in advance of the
 old line of works; the ambulances were near the troops.  The fighting of to-day was much more severe than that of  yesterday,
 although the casualties  yvere wonderfully slight.   Four hundred and ninety-five  men of this corps were wounded and taken to
 hospital; shell wounds  being of more frequent occurrence than on the previous day.  At night the yvounded, after being attended
 to, were ordered to be transferred to general hospital and the  hospital trains  to be loaded and ready to move at early daylight,
. either for the establishment of the hospitals  near the troops in the event of another battle, or to be ready to follow the corps in
 case, as was probable, the enemy should retreat.  The medical and ambulance officers of the corps  deserve great praise for  the
 faithful and efficient manner in yvhich they performed their  arduous duties, with little or no rest for fifty hours they yet cheerfully
 and fearlessly continued at their posts.   I can  truly say that I have never seen wounded more promptly removed from the field,
 or better cared for  in  division hospitals.  Medical and hospital supplies  were abundant  and rations plenty.   There were no
 casualties  in  the ambulance corps, or  among medical officers.  The  following  number  of wounded  of  other  commands was
 received into  hospitals  of this corps, viz.: rebels, fifteen; 12th United States colored troops, two; 13th United States colored
 troops, forty;  14th United States colored troops,  one; 100th United States colored troops, three; total of other commands, sixty-
 one.   Enclosed are lists of rebel yvounded received into hospitals of this command."      *      *       *
 CCLXIX.   Extracts from a Report of the  Casualties in  the Brigade composed of the Sth, 9th,
       and 13th  Tennessee Cavalry Regiments at the Engagement at Bull's Gap, Tennessee.   By
       Surgeon A. L.  Carrick, 2d Tennessee Cavalry.

       *  *  *  "At Bull's Gap, Tennessee, on November  11 and 12, 1864, the brigade yvas engaged.   *  *   On the 13th, when
 orders yvere given to retreat from Bull's Gap, there were eight of our yvounded who could not be removed, four being patients
 whose limbs had been amputated the day before.  These, I left in charge of Dr. Drake, a surgeon of experience and reputation,
 yvho resides at the Gap.   He volunteered to take charge of them, and I left  him a sufficient  supply of medicine, dressings, etc.
 The remainder of our sick and wounded, I took yvith me in our ambulance train.   All went on yvell until yve reached Russellville,
 Avhen our train yvas fired upon by the enemy concealed in the yvoods.  This created the greatest confusion and alarm.   *  *  In
 the attack, Hospital Steyvard Gifford, 8th Tennessee Cavalry, yvas severely yvounded in the thigh, and Assistant Surgeon Edmund
tA. Finn, of the same regiment was  captured.  The train retreated precipitately to  Morristown, the enemy being  close behind.
 When we neared  Morristoyvn, yve found the  railroad train from Knoxville in waiting,  with some reinforcements.  I then
 considered all danger passed as our forces yvere formed in line to resist the enemy, and I went over to make arrangements to get
 all my sick and yvounded on board to be conveyed to Knoxville, but before I could get  anything done the enemy, from various
 points, attacked in overyvhelming force, and the train started back for Knoxville.  Our artillery opened on the enemy yvith grape
 and canister.  Our forces yvere  rallied and made a vain effort to stem the torrent; the ambulance and yvagon trains were hurried
 foryvard, but I regret to state a panic seized our men.   They broke in confusion and disorder, and in less than tyventy minutes
 ambulances and yvagons yvere upset on the road.  Fifteen of the sick and yvounded got out and escaped, some on the cars, others
 on horseback.  The remainder, together yvith all the ambulances, hospital stores, and medical supplies, fell into the hands of the 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  SALTER.                            327
enemy.  This catastrophe occurred at midnight, rendering the scene doubly frightful.   *   *   The enemy continued to pour volley
after volley into our retreating column, rendering it impossible for any of the medical officers to go to the assistance of the
Avounded.   Next day,  Avhen I arrived at Strawberry Plains, I found many of the sick and wounded, whom I thought captured,
had arrived there before me, these I sent to general hospital at Knoxville."       *       *      *
CCLXX.   Report of the  Operations of the Medical  Department of the Cavalry Corps of the
      Military Division  of the  Missis,sipj>i, in Alabama and Georgia, from March 22 to  August
      20, 1865.   By Surgeon F. Salter, U. S. Volunteers,  Medical Director.
      *  *  *  «The lst> 2d,  and 4th  divisions together yvith the 4th United States Cavalry, all under command  of Brevet
Major General Wilson, composed the troops engaged in this campaign.  The 1st division, under Brigadier General E. M. McCook,
numbered four thousand, and ninety-six men.   The 2d division numbered five thousand one hundred and twenty-seven men,
under command of Brigadier General E.  Long.  Brevet Major General Upton commanded the 4th division,  containing three
thousand nine hundred and tyventy-three  men.  The 4th United  States Cavalry yvas  on duty as headquarters guard, and was
three hundred and thirty-four in number.   There yvere thus engaged in  the expedition, in all, thirteen thousand, four hundred
and eighty men.  The chief medical officers of the command yvere  Surgeon Francis Salter, U. S. V., medical director; Assistant
Surgeon William T. Okie, U. S. A., medical inspector; Surgeons Benjamin McCluer, U. S. V., Frederick Corfe and Francis
Greene, U.  S. V., chief surgeons of  the 1st, 2d and 4th divisions.  There yvere altogether fifty medical officers on duty with the
command.  Orders yvere given to march early on the morning of March 22d. The several divisions moved out on parallel roads in a
in a south-easterly direction.  The 1st division forming the right, the 2d the centre, and the 4th the left.  The roads all led to the
south-east, passing through Russellville and Jasper.  The yveather yvas pleasant, and the roads though rough, were  nevertheless firm
and passable. Corps headquarters passed through Cherokee Station, Alabama, at tyvelve o'clock noon, and at five o'clock p. m., after
a march of eighteen miles, encamped yvithin a mile from Barton's  Station.  March 23d, march began at an  early hour, yveather
fine, country similar in appearance  to that passed over on  the day before, being hilly and rough.  The soil is  here sandy and
barren, and the population small.  General Wilson and staff marched twenty-four miles; and at tyvelve meridian arrived at the
dilapidated village  of Russellville,  county seat of Franklin County.   It has been  a place of some  local importance, with a
population of tyvo thousand inhabitants;  it has, hoyvever,  suffered severely from the ravages of war.  Camped there for the
night.  March 24th, yveather pleasant; march began at eight o'clock, but after reaching a point three miles  distant, corps head-
quarters went again into camp  in order to await the arrival of the pontoon and wagon trains, which  had been delayed on the
march.  General Long yvith the 2d division passed by in the morning at nine o'clock. General McCook and headquarters arrived in
the evening at six. March 25th, reveille at five o'clock A. M., marched at six. Weather very pleasant, roads good though occasionally
rough.  Crossed Big Bear River at Bell's  Factory at three o'clock p. m.  Travelled tyventy-one miles and camped on a branch of
the Buttahatchie River.   General Upton with the 4th division was a considerable distance in advance.   General  McCook guarded
the rear.   March 26th, started at an early hour and marched tyventy-five miles to Blackyvater Creek.   Weather continued to  be
pleasant.  The country, like all yet passed over, is barren, the soil is sandy  and supports a forest of pines.   Water good, forage
found in sufficient quantities for the necessities of the command.  Camped for the night.   During the night a bridge was constructed
over the Blackyvater.  March 27th, reveille at four a. m., marched at five and a half A. m., on road to Jasper. General Upton on
the left led the advance, General Long held tbe centre with the 2d division, and General McCook, yvith the 1st division, the rear.
Weather mild y\-ith indications of rain.  Road to Jasper was found, except in one or tyvo places, to be in good condition.  Arrived
there  after a march of seventeen miles, at  half past eleven  o'clock  A. m.  We heard neyvs to the effect that Forrest yvas fortifying
the road from Montevallo to Tuscaloosa yvith a force of ten thousand men.   Orders were given to General Upton to push rapidly
forward,  leaving the wagon train  to take care  of itself.   Similar orders  yvere also issued to  Generals  Long and McCook.
General McCook entered Jasper yvith the 1st division at tyvo P. M.  At five o'clock P. M., General Wilson and staff arrived on the
banks of Mulberry Fork of the Black Warrior River, eight and a half miles from Jasper.   The sky had  shown symptoms
of rain since noon,  and noyv it began to fall and continued during  the whole night.   Corps  headquarters encamped  on the north
bank  of the river.  Jasper, through which we passed at noon, is a large village of from four to five thousand inhabitants, has a
court-house and jail.  The road thence to Black Warrior yvas firm and good.  On arriving at that stream, yve found that General
Upton had already crossed it at the ford,  with all his troops and most of his yvagons.  This fork of the Black Warrior  was at
this point about one-eighth  of a mile yvide, yvith a depth ranging from one to three or four feet, and a very rapid current.  The
bottom yvas very rocky and uneven, and the banks on each side very precipitous.  March 28th,  the weather yvas very damp and
disagreeable.  The  greater part of the day yvas taken up in getting the troops and  yvagon trains over the  river.  Many horses
lost their footing, and many men were dismounted, but none were drowned.  We crossed the Locust Fork of the  Black Warrior at
the ford at four o'olock p. M.  This stream is deeper than the Mulberry Fork, but not so wide nor so rapid; the  distance between
the two forks is eight and a half miles.  The country betyveen them is barren and thinly settled.  The people  are very ignorant
and poor, but of "Union" proclivities.  General Wilson camped at night on south bank of this fork.  March 29th, the day was
occupied in getting  the  1st and 2d divisions over the Locust Fork of the Black Warrior River.   General  Wilson remained in
camp all day. Captain Brown, acting chief quartermaster, was ordered to take charge of corps trains.  Weather rainy.  March
30th, started on the road to Elyton at half after six o'clock.  Weather cloudy but cold, rain had ceased to. fall.   The main road was
found to  be very muddy.  We arrived at  Elyton at one o'clock p. M., a distance of twenty miles, having crossed Black Creek on
our way  at Lamson's flour mills.  These mills were burned.  The country had now begun to assume a more fertile and cultivated
appearance.  Elyton is a very  pretty village of from three to four thousand inhabitants.  The route  on yvhich we  had hitherto
come, since leaving ChickasaAv, had been  south-easterly from Elyton, until we arrived at Selma.  We noyv advanced  due south.
The 1st brigade of the 1st division was detached from the command at this point, and ordered to proceed to Tuscaloosa and destroy the
rebel  govemment yvorks there.  Large iron works six miles south of Elyton were burned.   We arrived at night on the banks of 
32.S
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—WILSON  S  CAVALRY  EXPEDITION.
Cahayvba River, fifteen miles from Elyton.   The railroad bridge had fortunately been left uninjured, and yvas easily fixed to alloyv the
crossing of trains.  The last four miles of  the road yvere very rough and muddy.  March 31st, fine drizzly rain fell early in the
morning:  yveather cleared after sunrise.  The railroad bridge across the Cahayvba was a quarter of  a mile long, and  had been
planked the day before by General Upton.   The Cahayvba River is at this point an eighth of a mile broad, and quite deep.  The
crossing would have been troublesome had the bridge been burned. Large iron works half a mile from the river were burned.
Arrived at Montevallo at eleven o'clock A. M.,  distance fourteen miles from the Cahawba road.  The country Avas Avooded but the
forests differed from those through which we had  hitherto passed, there being some oak mixed with the pines.  The soil though
still sandy is more fertile than that north of Elyton.   Montevallo is a village of two thousand inhabitants, but yvas nearly deserted
at our entrance.  General Upton had his headquarters there and yvas  awaiting our approach.  The  rebels yvere noyv  reported,
for the first time, to be before us in some force.  They yvere charged by the 3d Ioyva, and  dispersed yvith the loss of tyventy
prisoners.   Left Montevallo on road  to Selma, at  three o'clock P. M.   General Long  advanced with the 2d division on the
road to Randolph, to the right of the main road to Selma, General Upton kept the main road.  There yvas continual skirmishing
yvith the rebels, but  they were unable to check  our advance in the  slightest degree.  We yvent into camp tyvelve miles from
Montevallo. at half past seven o'clock P. M.  There had been during the day several men wounded, and one or tyvo killed.  April
1st, marched at an early hour; at Randolph, a small village seventeen miles from Montevallo, General McCook yvas ordered yvith
the 2d brigade of  the 1st division to take the road to Centerville,  and .to co-operate yvith General Croxton against Jackson, yvho
was reported to be on the Tuscaloosa and  Centerville road with four thousand men.  General  Long on the right, and Upton  on
the left, had a brilliant fight yvith the rebels under Forrest in person, defeating them with severe loss.  There were captured from
the enemy, three pieces of artillery and three hundred prisoners;  there  yvas besides quite a number killed.   The loss on our side
was forty wounded, and tyvelve killed.   We arrived at Plantersville, after a march of twenty-six miles,  at six  o'clock p. M. Corps
headquarters at house of Mrs. Discoe.  A  quantity of rebel hard  tack and some forage bags were found in the depot,   April 2d,
a hospital yvas established in the village church for the reception of the sick and wounded.   Assistant Surgeon T. A.  McGrayv,
U. S. V., was ordered to remain in charge, with  Assistant Surgeon T. J. Maxyvell, 3d Ioyva Cavalry, as assistant.  There was
left in the hospital forty wounded, and eighteen  sick, together  with  a  sufficient  number of nurses.  The depot yvas burned,
together yvith a storehouse containing cotton.   The command then moved  on  toyvard Selma, tyventy-one miles distant.   The 4th
and 2d divisions arrived in front of Selma at two o'clock in the afternoon, and at sundown an attack  was made.  Forrest yvas in
command of the rebels, and endeavored to defend the city, but  without success.  Our troops took the breastyvorks by assault,
and entered the city with the  flying  rebels.   In  the confusion resulting from the night attack, a large number of stores yvere
plundered and burned.  Our loss was: Killed, four officers and thirty-five enlisted men.  Wounded, twenty-four officers and tyvo
hundred and twelve enlisted men.  We captured tyventy-three hundred prisoners, a large number of small arms and cannon, and
the yvork-shops and arsenals yvhich supplied  the armies of the yvest yvith ammunition of all kinds.  Forrest escaped yvith  his
escort, and retreated toyvard  Plantersville. On his yvay he came across a party of federals asleep in a neighboring  field, under
command of Lieutenant Roys and Lieutenant Mullin, 4th United States Cavalry.   He charged on them in their sleep, and refusing
to listen  to their cries of  surrender, killed  or wounded the entire party, numbering tyventy-five men.  April 3d the day yvas
spent in restoring order in Selma.   The 2d brigade of the 1st division, which had been unsuccessful  in the attempt to unite with
the  1st brigade, was ordered back to  protect  the wagon trains.   Forrest arrived at Plantersville on his retreat, and captured the
hospital, yvhich had been left without a guard.  He paroled all the nurses and slightly wounded men, and left the surgeons and
patients unmolested.  A corps hospital yvas established in Selma  for our wounded.  April 5th, a party of the 2d division went to
Cahayvba and recaptured several of our prisoners confined there.  April 6th, the wagon  train arrived  at Selma.  Arsenals and
government yvarehouses were found destroyed by fire.  April 7th, negroes gathered.together to be organized into three regiments,
one for each division.   Sick and wounded men yvere brought in ambulances from Plantersville and put in the corps hospital.
General Wilson met Forrest on the Cahayvba River under a flag of truce.  It was determined to take along on the march all
the sick and yvounded whose situation would permit of it, and to leave only such as yvere very ill or badly yvounded.  Engineers
yvere busily engaged in building a pontoon bridge  over the Alabama River.  The Alabama River is, at  this point,  about five
hundred yards Avide.  It has a very  rapid current and a depth that admits of navigation by steamboats of considerable size;
Selma is situated on its north bank.   It is, or was, a beautiful city of fifteen thousand inhabitants, containing many fine  residences
and large government work-shops.  April 9th, it had been determined  to move toyvard Montgomery, but the pontoon bridge broke
for the second time and prevented the whole command from crossing until late in the night.  Camped on the south side of the river.
Left in hospital at Selma sixty-eight patients  under charge of Surgeon  Larkius, 17th Indiana, and Assistant Surgeon J. N. Raley,
10th  Missouri Cavalry.  Rations for forty days were left yvith them, as also plenty of medicines and  othei supplies.  April 10th,
began our march  to Montgomery.  Forrest had refused  to acknowledge any paroles, and General Wilson accordingly ordered all
prisoners  to be brought along under guard.  The  citizens hoyvever and some of the militia \vere paroled.  The weather was good,
although the roads yvere muddy from recent rains.  Surgeon G. W. Carter, 3d Ioyva Cavalry, yvas ordered to take charge of the
hospital train.  This train yvas composed of the ambulances belonging to the corps, together with a number of yvagons properly
fitted up yvith beds and blankets. We marched fifteen miles to the village of Benton, and camped there during the night.  Benton
is a small village  of no particular importance.  April 11th, began to march at six o'clock A. M.  Sky cloudy and threatening rain.
Our route, since leaving Selma, has been due east on the road to Montgomery, south of the Alabama River.  One mile from Benton
yve passed through a syvamp a mile long.  The road was very bad and almost impassable for wagons.  After leaving the swamp,
hoyvever, we found the roads to be smooth and dry, leading over a rolling country.  Thirteen miles from Benton, the column passed
through the village of Loyvndesboro'.   This village yvas one of the most beautiful that yve have yet passed through.   It is built up
of large elegant mansions, and is inhabited by rich planters.   It has a population of about  one thousand five hundred.   Small  pox
was raging furiously, and in some families had attacked all  the  members.  We here received the neyvs of  the fall of Richmond.
Went into camp eighteen miles from Montgomery, after a march of eighteen miles.  April  12th, started from camp at five A. M.
Weather  very pleasant  and roads good.  General McCook yvith the 1st division led the  advance.  The  city capitulated to
General McCook early in the morning, and a provost guard having been stationed in  it, the  troops marched through  and 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR  SALTER.
329
 camped outside.  The inhabitants received the troops without manifestations of joy, but  at least Avithout  any evidences of
 dislike.  Private property yvas everyyvhere respected.   The rebel troops before our entrance, had  burned a quantity of cotton
 of great value;  the citizens expressed a great deal of anger at the occurrence.  Montgomery,  the capital  of Alabama, is a
 beautiful city, and contains a large number of elegant residences; it is situated on the  south  side  of  the Alabama River.
 This river is navigable to the city by small  steamers.  April 13th, hospital train came into the city at five o'clock P. M., and was
 unloaded at Saint Mary's Hospital.  The transportation of so many sick and yvounded had been found to be a serious encumbrance
 on the march, and it had therefore been determined to  leave them at this city.   There were,  accordingly, sufficient quantities of
 commissary stores and medicines left in the hospital, for the yvants of the sick and yvounded. There was left  in Montgomery,
 one hundred and forty-four men, under charge of Assistant  Surgeon D. C. Dome, 17th  Indiana Mounted Infantry.  April 14th,
 started for Columbus at eight o'clock a. m.   Weather pleasant, roads excellent; marched due east twenty miles, and then encamped.
 April 15th, started at seven and a half o'clock, a. m.  General Upton way ahead.  Weather cloudy and threatening rain.  Arrived
 at Tuskegee, forty-two miles from Montgomery, at two o'clock p. m.  Tuskegee is a village of three  thousand  inhabitants and a
 county seat.   It has a jail, court-house, and young ladies' seminary.  Left Tuskegee at five o'clock.  It began  to rain just as we
 left, and continued to do so for tyvo hours.   Encamped  at seven o'clock at a farm house forty-eight miles from  Montgomery and
 thirty-six from Columbus.  April 16th, commenced our march at seven o'clock.   The country passed over is not so fertile as in the
 immediate vicinity of Selma, and has been yvorn out by the defective system of agriculture.  We passed through Society Hill, and
 two other small villages, on our route.  General Upton again led the advance,  Weather yvas fine and the roads yvere in good order.
 We arrived opposite Columbus at three o'clock P. M., and found General  Upton preparing to attack the works.  The attack began
 at seven o'clock p. si.; and notwithstanding the resistance of the enemy yvho was entrenched on the neighboring hills, our forces
 drove him from his breastworks and captured the bridge leading over the Chattahoochee River to the city.  The attack was made
 exclusively  by the 4th division;  our loss Avas but twenty-eight Avounded, and five killed.  There were captured from the enemy
 nearly tAvo  thousand prisoners, a large quantity of arms and ammunition, and all the government stores, shops, and arsenals in the
 city.   Columbus Avas a city of nearly tyventy thousand inhabitants, and  is situated on the east bank of the Chattahoochee River.
 It yvas connected yvith the Alabama side of the river by three bridges, at the time of its occupation by our forces.   It was a place of
 considerable importance as a manufacturing toyvn, having a  number of mills and yvork-shops of different  kinds.   While the main
 body of the troops yvere thus engaged, Colonel La Grange had been detached at Opelika, and ordered to destroy the railroads and
 depots at West Point.   Arriving there April 16th,  he attacked and carried the fortifications built to defend the place, though not
 until after a severe struggle, hi yvhich we lost in killed and wounded, thirty-seven, of yvhom seven  yvere killed.   April 17th, the
 yvoinen and children yvho had been employed in the factories and arsenals, turned out yvith one accord, to pillage the stores and
 yvarehouses of the rebel government,  The government buildings Avere burned with the exception of the hospitals.  It was determined
 to leave our sick and yvounded, with a proper amount of stores of all kinds, in the hospitals of the city.  Assistant Surgeon Samuel
 Whitten, 3d Ioyva Cavalry, was detailed to take charge of them; in all, thirty-five patients yvere left at  Columbus.  April 18th,
 bridges over the Chattahoochee River yvere burned, together with such public buildings as had  escaped the  day before.  We
 commenced to move at nine o'clock on the road to Macon, via Thomaston, marched twenty-one  miles and encamped.   The yveather
 yvas pleasant and the roads good.  The character of, the soil was different from that of Alabama; it consisted of red clay, beneath
 which  yvas  a layer of limestone.  Several cannon and a  large number of yvagons left on the road, shoAved that the enemy had fled
 in the greatest confusion.  April 19th, the command marched at an early hour, the 2d division in advance.   The weather was
 very Avindy, and the roads dry and  dusty.  The forests presented a someyvhat different appearance  from those by which we
 rode yesterday, having oak  mixed yvith the pines.  Our advance, consisting of the 4th Michigan  Cavalry, had captured the
 bridges over the Flint River, forty-four miles from Columbus.  We arrived there at  twelve o'clock noon.   The  Flint River
 here is very rapid and not easily forded.   A further march of ten miles brought us  to Thomaston, a village of about fifteen
 hundred inhabitants.  After having crossed Big Potato  Creek, we encamped, at six o'clock p. si., at Thomaston.   April 20th,
 corps headquarters began their march at six o'clock  a. m.  Weather yvas good; the roads were very dry  and dusty.   Our course,
 yvhich from  Columbus to Thomaston had been to the northeast, noyv deviated to the southeast. Thomaston  is forty-seven  miles
 from Macon.  Our advance  was met by a flag of truce, announcing that General Sherman  had entered into an armistice with
 Johnston, and demanding that yve should halt where we yvere.   The officer commanding the  advance, however had no authority
 to stop his  march, and by the time the  letter had reached General  Wilson the city of Macon had  already been  captured.
 Thus  imperfectly are  the main  incidents  of the march  of General Wilson's  command from Chickasaw, Alabama, to  Macon,
 Georgia, recorded and reported for the information of Surgeon  George E. Cooper, U. S. A.,  medical director  of the army and
 department of the Cumberland.   It had been intended to render  the report more complete, and give the points of interest more in
 detail.   The reports from surgeons in charge of subordinate commands are not, however, so explicit as to permit the execution of
 this intention.   One or two points I desire to present  to the medical  director.  First, that  the ambulance corps  organization
 operated as successfully in the cavalry as in the infantry corps.   Secondly, no patients were left on the roadside in the rear of the
 advancing forces, and  all were provided for in regularly furnished hospitals.   Two accidents arose  from the  magazines of the
 Spencer Carbine exploding, from being half filled, while on hot march by concussion; in  one instance the  magazine was in
the  pouch, in  the other in the stock of the carbine.  The tin tubes or  magazines  which contain the fixed ammunition, should
therefore be kept filled; four inches of play on a hot day may explode them, as evidenced  in these tyvo cases.  The greatest
energy and assiduity on the part of all the medical officers yvas observable throughout the campaign."
42 
330
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY  OF  THE  TENNESSEE.
CCLXXI.   Extract from  Report of a Medical Inspection  of General  Granfs  Army, April
      23,  1S63.   By Medical Inspector E. P. Vollum, U. S.  Array.
         *  *   "The amount of medical supplies at Young's Point, Louisiana, the headquarters of the army of Tennessee on
March 24th, yvas sufficient to meet the yvants often thousand men in the field for three months, consisting of the usual field supply
assorted in  convenient form for ready distribution.  Cooking utensils and hospital clothing had recently been exhausted by fitting
up Van Buren general hospital, at Milliken's Bend, yvhere it yvas intended to accommodate one thousand men.  To make up this
deficiency.  Assistant Surgeon J.  W. Brewer, U. S. A.,  medical  purveyor at Young's Point, had already made a requisition
on the purveyor  at Memphis  for these  articles, and hospital stores generally, for five thousand men, yvhich arrived soon after.
On the 20th of March, Assistant Surgeon Breyver made  a requisition on Memphis for assorted supplies for seventy-five thousand
men in the field and five thousand  in hospital for three months.  Some of these  supplies had begun to arrive on the 30th of March.
Surgeon C. Sutherland, U.  S. A.,  informed me that yvhen he was medical purveyor at Memphis, in the  early part of February,
he made a requisition on Medical  Storekeeper Creamer,  at Saint Louis, for supplies for one hundred and sixty-five thousand men
iu the field and ten thousand  in  hospital, to be delivered at Memphis.  Most of these  supplies had been shipped from Saint
Louis March 12th, and a cargo of  them yvas landed at Memphis March 20th from the steamer on which I took passage doyvn the
Mississippi.  Surgeon Sutherland further informed me that Read & Co., druggists, of Chicago, Illinois, notified him about the
1st of February that they had  received orders from Surgeon  Satterlee, medical purveyor at New York, to foryvard to Memphis
medical supplies for one hundred and fifty thousand men in the field for three  months.  From these  facts it will  be seen that
there are, in close proximity to the army  of the Tennessee, supplies sufficient for the present, and that there yvill soon be enough
for six months to come.  Steamers  ply frequently between Young's Point  and Memphis, making the round trip in  four or five
days, so that in case of loss or destruction of medical property, deficiencies can easily be made up; and to insure the transportation
of these supplies, a standing order from the headquarters  of the army of the Tennessee  requires  all  transports destined for
Young's Point, and touching at Memphis, to take on any medical supplies put up for the army.
      From an examination of the receipts in the medical purveyor's office, Young's Point, it yvas evident the commands in front of
Vicksburg  had, in March, a sufficiency of all  kinds of medical supplies for present use.  The medical  stores at Young's  Point,
Louisiana, in charge of Assistant  Surgeon Brewer, are  stored on the  steamer Des Arc, a vessel pressed into the service for this
purpose.  The stores are arranged conveniently in boxes placed on shelves in the cabins or stored in the state-rooms.   As supplies
are needed by the commands scattered up and doyvn the river, this steamer plies from point to point distributing  them.
      At Cairo, Illinois, March 18th, Medical Storekeeper H. Stevens had in store, ready for issue, medical supplies for fifty
thousand men  for six months.  His establishment was business-like  and orderly, and  his books showed that his requisitions
Avere usually filled on  the  day they Avere received, or on  the  following one.   Medical  Storekeeper Stevens is authorized by his
instructions to keep on hand supplies for fifty thousand men only, and he complains that he has  on several occasions had demands
from Memphis for quantities beyond his  authority to fill.   This cannot happen in future, owing  to the abundance of stores at
Memphis.  The purveying  establishment at Memphis, under charge of Assistant Surgeon Joseph P. Wright, U. S. A., is by far
the most extensive and important  place of the kind in the west,  The whole of the department of the Tennessee, now comprising
some one hundred and ten thousand men in the field, besides post hospitals in the  towns along the line of railroad leading to
Jackson, Corinth, and La  Grange,  ten hospitals in operation in Memphis, and those at Helena, Arkansas, is  supplied from it.
This establishment occupies four five-story  buildings, which are nearly filled. The employes consist of two citizens as clerks,
eleven enlisted  men, and five contrabands, as laborers.   Stores are constantly arriving and departing, and the place bears the
appearance of our largest business houses.  The amount ofhospital clothing and bedding on hand seems large enough for any possible
demand, and includes a proper proportion of gowns, caps, slippers, and socks. Just previous to my arrival at Memphis, April
5th,  there had been sent to the field hospitals, and Young's Point, Louisiana, three thousand five hundred bedsacks, three thousand
blankets, tyvo hundred blanket cases, three hundred and seventy-four counterpanes, two thousand  hair pillows, four thousand
shirts, and four thousand drayvers.  The extent of the operations and the importance of the purveying establishment at Memphis
make it a proper place for a medical storekeeper.  The one at  Cairo could, with advantage to the service, be removed there,  and
his place should be supplied by a purveyor.  Assistant Surgeon Wright, medical purveyor at Memphis, would prefer a post
yvhere  his professional acquirements could be brought to bear, such as the charge of general hospital, Jackson, Tennessee, which
he recently left.  The important question arises in this place  as to yvhat point is most  suitable for a purveying depot for the army
of the Tennessee.   Unquestionably while that army occupies its present position, Memphis is the place;  but that point being on
debatable ground, and the stores being in constant danger of capture or destruction, a reserve supply should be beyond danger,
and no place  seems so convenient to the lines of travel as Cairo; and until the situation  of  our armies in the west changes,
I would recommend that supplies for one hundred thousand men be kept there.  Preparations are in progress for the  destruction
of Memphis by our forces in cusp  of an attack by the enemy,  and it is proper that  precautions be  taken for the  safety of the
medical property stored there.  The only plan at all feasible is to keep it afloat as in a wharf boat.  I may mention that General
(-Jrant is not at all easy about the hospitals and mexlical  property at Memphis.  In case of  an  attack by the rebels they yvould
embarrass him seriously.   I yvas unable to leam that there had, at any time,  been a deficiency of  medical supplies in the army
of the Tennessee  so  as to occasion suffering.    During General Sherman's expedition up  the Yazoo River, and after his
attack on Vicksburg in the latter part of February, the regular supplies of bedding gave out, but that on the steamers conveying
the troops yvas  quickly turned to use instead. In concluding this subject, I yvill quote General Sherman, yvho stated,  March 15th,
'that the field hospitals of the army of the Tennessee are noyv  admirably supplied with  everything that a generous and bountiful
government could or should bestoyv; and no one deplores more than I do the  spirit of falsehood and  calumny that  harroAvs the
minds of our people at home, and has led to such anxiety of the medical authorities concerning the condition of our troops.'
Surgeon H. S.  Heyvitt, U. S. V., yvhile medical director of the  army of the Tennessee,  March 16th, stated that the amount of
medical supplies noyv on hand and being received  by the medical purveyor 'are sufficient for all exigencies that may arise, and
there can be no cause for complaint, and any person making such complaints may well be suspected  of a design to  disaffect the 
 
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REPORT  OF MEDICAL  DIRECTOR MILLS.                             331
people and demoralize the army;' and 'the syveeping charges that have been made against the medical department of the army are
unjust and malicious, and have originated among designing persons, if not yvith southern sympathizers.'
      Taking into account the field, convalescent,  and floating hospitals, hospital steamers, and general hospitals at Memphis,
Cairo, Mound City, Paducah, Evansville, Saint Louis, and at other points further north, there can be no doubt that there is ample
accommodation for the sick of the army of the Tennessee,   Instead of a deficiency, I should rather say that many thousands of
beds noAV ready, or being prepared,  Avould never be occupied, unless that army suffers beyond precedent.   I spent a couple of
days among the hospitals in and around Saint Louis, and as medical inspector on duty at that point furnished monthly reports
concerning them, I therefore consider any remarks  from me  about them at this time  superfluous, further than to express  my
admiration of their appointments, discipline, tidiness, and general  good conditon, in Avhich particulars they compare favorably
yvith any I have yet seen; and I am  not sure but for the  kind of buildings converted to use, stores, hotels, etc., they are the most
complete hospitals I have seen.  The hospitals in Memphis are in an incomplete condition."      *       *      *
CCLXXII.   Report of the Medical Director of the Army of the  Tennessee from May 1  to July
      1, 1863.   By Surgeon Madison Mills, U.  S. Army,  Medical Director.

               "I have the honor to foryvard the folloyving report, yvith statements of the number yvounded in the several
engagements in which the different corps of the army of yvhich I am medical director have participated during the month of May.
In obedience to instructions from the general commanding, I remained at Milliken's Bend, Louisiana, until the army had moved, for
the purpose of providing for the accommodation of the sick and convalescent left behind.   A convalescent camp yvas established
for each corps, under the charge of a medical as yvell as of a line officer, and the men yvere sent foryvard as soon as they yvere able
to march.   The sick were transferred to hospitals provided for their reception, yvhich were ample for the emergency.   On May 5th
I moved from Milliken's Bend, and May 9th joined the headquarters of General Grant at Rocky Springs, Mississippi.  Shortly after
assuming the  duties of medical director, in the month of March, I had ordered all medical officers to make quarterly requisitions for
supplies, commencing on April 1st.  The system of making special requisitions having prevailed to a great extent in this army, I
yvas determined to have the abuse corrected as far as it yvas in my power to do so, and no  special requisitions yvere allowed to be
made unless for extra issues, and accompanied with a proper certificate, explaining the necessity for the articles called for.  My
instructions on this important subject yvere  obeyed fully in the Seventeenth Army Corps, only partially in the Thirteenth, and
almost wholly disregarded in the Fifteenth.  My correspondence with the medical director of the latter corps in  relation  to
this matter has already been foryvarded to your office.   Owing to  the neglect of these corps directors—the Thirteenth and
Fifteenth—to  enforce a proper obedience of this important  order, and with the determination that  the army should not suffer by
their mismanagement, I had  abundant supplies forwarded  by the medical purveyor from  Milliken's Bend at different times, and
placed two assistant surgeons temporarily on duty as acting purveyors, yvho brought the  stores within reach of the army.  The
army moved rapidly, and yvith scanty transportation for a time.   Some medical officers failed to carry their supplies, having been
ordered by their commanding officers to leave them and give ammunition the preference; but I know that the commanding general
intended that  nothing pertaining to the medical department should be left.   This interference on the part of generals commanding
divisions might have resulted in serious trouble to my department, if I had not taken the precaution to hurry up the supplies
before mentioned.  The battle of Port Gibson occurred before I joined the army in the field.  In this, all  the divisions of the
Thirteenth Corps, and one division of the Seventeenth, were engaged.  We were successful, and retained possession of the field,
and had, altogether on our side, five hundred and sixty-one men wounded.  The  medical directors of the two corps organized
temporary hospitals on the field, and subsequently a large mansion was secured for hospital purposes.  It yvas not retained for any
length of time as we did not intend to occupy the country in the vicinity, and the general commanding ordered it to be broken up
and the cases  transferred to Grand Gulf, on the Mississippi River.  A very excellent location yvas found  here for that purpose.
Our first engagement, after the entire army had crossed the Mississippi River, occurred near Raymond, Mississippi, on May 12th,
in yvhich one  division of the Seventeenth Corps (McPherson's) engaged the enemy for several hours, and defeated him.   They
yvere driven off the field, leaving their dead and wounded.  Our wounded, numbering tyvo hundred and nineteen, were promptly
attended to in field hospitals, and the next day removed to hospitals in Raymond, only a feyv miles distant.  Medical officers and
supplies were left with them.  The wounds received by our men in this engagement yvere  generally severe.   The rebels occupied
two buildings in the toyvn with their yvounded.  On May 14th the city of Jackson, Mississippi, yvas  attacked at two points  by
our forces, the Fifteenth (Sherman's)  and Seventeenth Corps, and after three hours' fighting the place yvas captured.  The
heaviest fighting Avas by the Seventeenth Corps, in yvhich yve had one hundred and sixty-six men yvounded.  The Fifteenth Corps
engaged on the right and lost but few, and had only twelve men wounded.  McPherson's Corps captured  the place.  Ample
hospital accommodations were found in the city, and  appropriated.  The rebels had hospitals established which contained the
yvounded unable to escape.  Medical and  other supplies yvere readily obtained from the drug stores, and our men yvere made
as comfortable as possible.   Surgeon  Hewitt, U. S. V., and three assistants were left to take charge of them.  On May 15th
our army moved towards Vicksburg, McPherson's Corps leaving Jackson first, and joined, the next  day, yvith the Thirteenth
Corps, (McClernand's.)  General Sherman's corps remained to destroy Confederate property, and moved on the 16th.   The battle
of Champion Hills took place on May 16th, in which the Thirteenth  and Seventeenth corps  engaged the  enemy under General
Pemberton.   This  bloody battle was  hotly  contested  for nine hours, and finally resulted in a complete  victory for our arms.
We had one thousand five hundred and sixty-three wounded, Avho were attended to in three division  hospitals organized in such
dwellings  as could be conveniently appropriated for the purpose. Our men, with  a few exceptions, yvere removed from the field
the folloyving morning before daylight, and attended to by an efficient corps of medical officers  in the hospitals.   Operations,
as a general rule, yvere well  and speedily performed,  and the yvants  of our wounded yvere provided for as far as circumstances
would permit.  Our troops were now getting short of hard-bread, and it was difficult to obtain  a sufficiency for the  hospitals. 
332
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--ARMY  OF  THE  TENNESSEE.
Beef was plenty and nutritious soups were readily made, together yvith corn bread, so that our men subsisted fairly enough until a
full supply of rations were sent to them.  Hospitals for the enemy's yvounded yvere also established and attended to by our medical
officers as yvell as by their own.   We also found rebel hospitals on the field yvhich had been established previous to the battle.
Thev yvere destitute of provisions as Avell as medical supplies.  I remained on the battle-field three days, and on May 19th had all
cases that could be moved transferred to the front, leaving a sufficient number of medical^officers to look after those remaining.  On
May 20th five Avagon loads of supplies, consisting of medicines, stores, and blankets reached them, and at my suggestion  thirty
thousand rations  for our yvounded there, as yvell as at Jackson and Raymond, were sent to the rear by a flag of truce, and reached
their destination about May 25th.  The battle next in  order occurred at Black River Bridge.  In this, tyvo divisions of the Thir-
teenth Corps participated and had one hundred and sixty-nine men yvounded.   Dwellings near the field of engagement yvere used
as division hospitals, and the wounded yvere satisfactorily cared for.  On May 18ch the army reached the rear of Vicksburg, and
from that date up to the 23d yve had  frequent and severe engagements with the enemy.  I have had  the list of yvounded during
these days consolidated in one tabular statement, as on the 24th there yvas a cessation of hostilities.  All those wounded subse-
quently are reported in a statement at the end of each week, and the tabulated statements foryvarded with this report are complete
up to May 30th.  The yvhole number wounded yvas tyvo thousand seven hundred and tyventy-seven.  Each of the ten divisions of
the army had its  own hospital established and conducted in obedience to instructions issued from my office on April 8th.  Most of
these yvere located at farm houses, and were extended  by erecting tents or sheds around them.  They yvere yvell conducted, and
under the charge of efficient  medical officers.   Abundant  supplies were at hand and our communication being opened yvith the
Yazoo River and Young's Point, transports loaded with medical and subsistence stores were only six miles distant from the centre
of our line.  The medical purveyor is abundantly supplied with every necessary article, including dressings, stimulants, hospital
stores, and beddmg.  Cots and mattresses  have been  furnished  to every hospital on requisition.  There is now also an abundant
supply of ice.  In addition to these division hospitals, I had a field hospital established for each corps for the treatment of such
cases as Avere too severely wounded to be removed to the general hospitals up the Mississippi.  Three hospital transports, the R.
C. Wood, D. A. January, and City of Memphis, have been used  in transferring such wounded as were proper cases to be sent to
Memphis, yvhere there are nearly five thousand beds, tyvo  thousand of which are yet vacant.  All slightly wounded cases yvere
directed to be kept in camp  under charge of their oyvn regimental surgeons.  It is the desire of the commanding general that the
sick and  wounded of this army should not be removed from his department.   The division hospitals in the rear of this place are
generally well selected, being situated on high ridges, healthful in all respects, and  beyond the reach of the enemy's fire.   I am
satisfied that our yvounded improve more rapidly here than elsewhere.  Some deaths have occurred by removing the wounded at
too early a period,  and I have instructed  all  division surgeons not to transfer cases that will suffer  by being transported.  All
proper cases have been sent to the  general hospitals at Memphis and none remain  except  the seriously wounded.  I have had
a number of invalids removed to the hospitals at Saint Louis; these were cases that had been lingering  for several months in the
hospitals at Milliken's Bend, who probably would not have recovered while remaining in this climate.   *   *  I would state, in
conclusion, that a large proportion of our wounded, left from necessity  at Raymond, Champion Hills, and Black River, have been
brought forward, and to-day fifty ambulances and a supply train have been sent by flag of truce to these places, and I expect that
nearly all of those remaining will reach this camp to-morrow evening.  I inclose tabular statements of wounded in the battles and
skirmishes during  the campaign from Milliken's Bend, Louisiana, to the rear of Vicksburg, Mississippi, and during  the siege of
Vicksburg to May  30th.  Many of the surgeons plead, in  excuse for not sending  in these statements at an earlier day, that they
were in campaign,  marching rapidly, with inadequate means of transporting their baggage, and that the necessary materials for
making these reports could not be taken with  them.  They claim that since their arrival here a constant siege has been kept up
and that they have been too busy to admit  of their doing it.  Some of the records have been very carelessly kept and may not be
exactly correct.  It is a most difficult task  to get correct papers from many of the surgeons of  this army."     *   *    *

Consolidated  Statement of  the  Number of Wounded in the Engagements of the Army of the
                                 Tennessee during the  Month of May, 1863.

  Port Gibson,        Mississippi.................. Thirteenth Army Corps..................................     513
     "                    "    ..................  Seventeenth     "     ..................................       48
  Fourteen-Mile Creek,    "    .................. Fifteenth       "     ..................................       9
  Raymond               "    ..................  Seventeenth     "     ..................................     219
  Jackson                ".................. Fifteenth       "..................................      12
     "                    "..................  Seventeenth     "..................................      166
  Champion Hills          "    .................. Thirteenth     "     ..................................      956
     "       "            ".................. Seventeenth     "     ...................................      607
  Black  River Bridge      "    .................. Thirteenth     "     ..................................      169
  Siege of Vicksburg from  May 18th to May 30th___ Thirteenth     "      ..................................      863
                                  "           .... Fifteenth       "..................................   1,086
                                              ....  Seventeenth     "     ..................................      778
    Total.........................................................................................    5,426

Total  by corps:
      Thirteenth Army Corps.......................................................................    2,501
      Fifteenth    "     ".......................................................................    1,107
      Seventeenth "     "   .......................................................................    1,818 
REPORT  OF  ASSISTANT  SURGEON  DeGRAW,  U.  S. A.                      333
Consolidated  Statement of  the  Number  of  Wounded  in  the  Engagements of  the Army of
                              the  Tennessee from May 1 to June 27, 1S63.

  Battle of Port Gibson, Mississippi,      May  1st.........................................................     561
     "    Fourteen-Mile Creek, Mis'ippi. May 12th...............................................                 g
     "    Raymond. Mississippi,        May Pith........................................................      219
     "    Jackson, Mississippi,         May 14th..........'.............................................       j^g
     "    Champion Hills, Mississippi,  May 16th.....................................................       1 553
     "    Black River Bridge, Mis'ippi,  May 17th......................................................        jgg
  Siege of Vicksburg, for the yveek ending May 23d.........................................................   2 544
              "        "        "     May 30th..........•..........................................._..*    ' 183
     "        "                 "     June  6th........................................................      89
     "        "                 "     June 13th........................................................      35
              "        "        "     June 20th....................................................;...     116
     "        "        "        "     June 27th........................................................     271
Total.
5,987
CCLXXIII.   Second Extract  from  a  Narrative of his  Services  in  the  Medical Staff.   By
      Assistant Surgeon C. S.  DeGeaw, U. S. Army.

      *  *  *  " In March, 1863, I received orders  to report to the general commanding the Department of the Tennessee.
General Grant's headquarters yvere then at Milliken's  Bend, Louisiana.  I reached there on April 9th, and was ordered to report
to Surgeon Charles McMillan, U. S. V., medical director of the Fifteenth Corps, for assignment to duty with the 1st battalion, 13th
U. S. Infantry, then in camp at Young's Point, Louisiana, opposite Vicksburg.   General Grant was at this time preparing to make
an attack on Vicksburg, and for the  purpose of diverting the enemy's attention from important movements then being made
about the end of the month of April, instructed General Sherman yvith his corps, to make a demonstration against Haines's Bluff.
The battalion took part in this demonstration.  Although the troops did not come to any actual engagement with the enemy, they
yvere for a time under fire from the Haines's Bluff batteries, and conducted themselves admirably.  Immediately upon our return
from this expedition  to Young's Point, orders were issued transferring us to Milliken's Bend.   Here, in the course of a day or
two, we received orders to join the  army then in the field,  marching upon Vicksburg  in the rear.  Grand Gulf was in the
possession of our troops.  The battle of Port Gibson had been fought and won; our armies had proved victorious at Raymond and
Jackson; at Champion Hills a determined stand was made.  We did not reach there till  near the close of the battle, and were
then ordered in as  skirmishers; but the enemy was already on the retreat.  The 2d  division  of the Fifteenth Corps did not
participate in the early part of the engagement, but captured a number of prisoners.  The next day the enemy was closely
followed up.  Our crossing the Black  River at Bridgeport, was delayed by a small force left there by the enemy.  We succeeded
after a time in dislodging the enemy, and crossed the  same evening, May 17th, by means of a pontoon bridge.  Early on the
morning of the 18th we were on the march, reaching Walnut Hills, in the rear of Vicksburg, that afternoon.  The battalion yvas
ordered forward as skirmishers, the enemy's skirmishers falling back.  By  that evening we yvere established upon the hills.
On the 19th an assault yvas ordered to be made at two o'clock p. M. on the enemy's yvorks.  The nature of the ground  rendered
this task most difficult, being a succession of ravines choked up with brush and trees felled to obstruct our progress; and all
directly under the fire of the enemy's musketry and artillery.  The  condition and morale of the 1st brigade, 2d division, yvas
excellent.   Those unable to bear heavy marching had been left at the camp, so that, with few exceptions, the men were in good
fighting condition.   The regiments forming our brigade did not average three hundred men each.   The 1st battalion yvent into
action on the 19th about two hundred strong; next morning, eighty-three were  reported killed, wounded or missing; a few
of the missing made their appearance  during the day.  Of tbe twelve officers seven received marks of bullets.  This will shoyv
the earnestness with which the men fought for the possession of Vicksburg.  Most of the regiments in the 1st brigade were well
supplied with medical and hospital stores, also with  ambulances; some for yvant of transportation did not carry hospital tents,
but every thing of this kind was readily supplied, communication being open yvith the Yazoo River.  In the assault of the 19th
the wounded received immediate temporary attention, and were then conveyed by means of ambulances to the division  hospital,
distant about a mile.   Here the attention rendered was constant.  At the hospital, water yvas readily obtained from cisterns, there
being no wells and very few springs;  food and soup were supplied plentifully.  The men  were  exposed from two o'clock p. m.
till dark to a most deadly fire of both  musketry and artillery, mostly at very short range.  The principal fire-arm used, yvas the
smooth-bore musket with buck shot and ball; though of this I cannot speak yvith certainty, as I yvitnessed as many wounds from the
conoidal ball as the other.  As  early  as  convenient many of  the wounded yvere transferred by boat  to  hospitals north.   The
principal operations were amputation and resection.   I saw no primary amputations on the field.   Chloroform yvas the anaesthetic
employed.  I did not observe any deaths from its use.  Our own  casualties were over sixty, being proportionally greater than
those of the other regiments engaged.   The  assault of the 19th having failed, another was ordered on the 22cL  The battalion
being detached at that time I did not witness the action.  This assault also failed.   In both assaults our loss yvas very heavy, but
the confidence of the men remained  unshaken.  After the failure  of the second assault a seige was determined upon, yvhich
terminated in the capitulation of Vicksburg, July 4th.  That same evening we received orders to prepare to inarch next  day to
join General Sherman, yvho was in command of the forces at Black River, watching Johnston.   Accordingly on the  morning of
the 5th  yve marched, and reached Black River on the 6th ; Johnston falling back toyvard Jackson.  We followed  him up closely
and arrived in front of Jackson on the 10th.  We found the  place fortified and Johnston determined to make a stand.  We 
331                    APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—ARMY  OF  THE  TENNESSEE.

proceeded to invest the place, and on the 17th the enemy evacuated.  The casualties of our brigade yvere very few. not averaging
over tAvo to a regiment.   The division  hospital  had been established about a mile and a half from our rifle pits, and  every
preparation made for a large number of Avounded;  fortunately they Avere not needed.  On the 23d Ave took up our line of march
back toyvard Black River for the purpose of going into camp for rest and reconstruction.   Reached camp betyveen Vicksburg and
Black River on the 25th."      *       *       *

CCLXX1V.   Extracts from the Report of the Chief Medical Officer of Kimballs Provisional
      Division, for  June, 1863.   By Surgeon J. C.  Whitehill, U. S. Volunteers.

      *   *  *   " I have the honor to report that I have been on duty Avith this division in the field  during the past month.  I
left Jackson, Tennessee,  on the first of  the month, under special  orders from Major General Oglesby.  On our yvay down the
Mississippi River, the transport steamer Chancellor having on board the 106th Illinois  Infantry, yvas fired into by guerillas.   One
man received a conical ball about four inches from  the spine, and below the point of the scapula of the right side,  which passed
out through the  clavicle of the same side,  fracturing it near the  middle without yvounding the  subclavian artery.  He died  in
about ten minutes.   Another received a ball in the same region, which passed up under  the scapula and  lodged near the
humeral articulation; it could not be removed.  Three others were yvounded slightly.  While dressing one of the wounded men,
I received three holes through my  coat, but escaped injury.   Our division disembarked at  Satartia, about  forty miles from
the mouth of the Yazoo River.  A portion of it led by the general himself, immediately pushed foryvard to Mechanicsburg,  about
four miles distant, where  it engaged and defeated a  rebel force  and destroyed the  place.    We  lost one  killed,  and had
seventeen yvounded.   The rebel loss yvas greater  than ours, but yvas not definitely ascertained;  some of their wounded fell into
our hands and were cared for.  We subsequently, under orders from Major General Grant, fell back to Haines's Bluff and thence
to this point.  The march from  Sartartia was a very severe one; the yveather was very warm  and the men suffered  severely.
There were many cases of sunstroke, but no deaths from  that cause.  A captain was killed by the accidental discharge of a gun
in his own hands while removing it from a yvagon, and one man was wounded.   In consequence of our  transfer  to a warmer
climate at this season of the year, and the unavoidable encampment of unacclimated troops in a very miasmatic locality, the increase
of sickness yvas such as to render necessary the organization of a large division hospital, which yvas placed under the immediate
charge of Surgeon York, of the 54th Illinois Infantry.  *  *  To obviate, as far as possible, the large and rapid increase of disease
among us, every  possible effort has been made to improve the sanitary condition of the troops;  the most stringent sanitary orders
have been promulgated and rigidly enforced.  I have made frequent visits to the respective  camps and given personally, such
instructions and directions as yvere deemed necessary; and as an important sanitary measure from which much good has resulted,
I have detailed  an  officer to the  especial duty of inspecting the camps and reporting to these headquarters yveekly, as to the
police of  the respective camps, the preparation and cooking of their food,  and all other matters pertaining to the  health of the
command.  Since the adoption of this course a marked improvement is  perceptible,  and I  have no  doubt  a  large amount  of
sickness is prevented by the more faithful enforcement of hygienic measure.  I have approved but six discharge papers, five tenders
of resignation based on surgeon's certificates, and four leaves of absence  during the month.  There have been three  thousand and
fifty-tAvo  cases prescribed for during the month, being one in 2.48.  There have been  tyventy deaths, three officers and seventeen
enlisted men ;  being a mortality of one in 152.6 of the cases treated, and  one in 379.95 of the command.  The present ratio  of
sickness  is one in 9.38  of the command.  This is a large ratio  and is attributable to  the very large number of intermittents
consequent, in addition  to the causes already stated, to  the  exposure  of new and unacclimated troops to heavy picket  duty,
severe marching, and unusually heavy fatigue duty in constructing fortifications.  Another prolific  source of disease has been
the inferior quality of the yvater,  and the extremely filthy condition in  yvhich some of  our camp grounds had  been left by
former occupants.   These combined causes added largely and rapidly  to our sick  list, both of bowel affections and miasmatic
diseases.   The former were  rapidly  amenable to  the  usual remedies,  but the  combined testimony of medical officers is that
periodic diseases  here require larger doses of quinine than further north.  During the latter part of the month a number of cases
of intermittents  assumed  a  pernicious or malignant form of  unusual severity.   No extraordinary or alarming  symptoms
usually mark  the inception  or progress of this disease,  until the fatal  collapse sets in, when the  attention  of  the attendant
being arrested by the slightly heaving respiration of his patient, he  finds him with  feeble pulse, cool skin and inclined  to
stupor.  If unarrested these symptoms rapidly  increase  in intensity.  An icy  coldness prevades the entire surface, yvhich is
covered yvith a clammy  perspiration; the heart's action  groyvs  more feeble until at length it  ceases entirely, and the patient,
unconscious of suffering, sinks into the arms of death yvithout a struggle.  This disease has  proved highly intractable,  every
variety of treatment being alike unavailing when the stage  of  collapse has fairly set in.   The first premonition of collapse
should be the signal for  the administration of an active mustard emetic,  to be followed by Very large doses of  quinia, combined
yvith small portions  of capsicum, morphia and strychnia, yvith alcoholic stimulants, and the energetic use  of  hot frictions,
sinapisms and other revulsives.  As in other miasmatic localities all classes of disease assume more or less of the  periodic type,
and require medication accordingly, with antiperiodic remedies, prominent among yvhich here as elseyvhere,  stands the sulphate
of quinia.  Our  camps thus far in this region of the country have been bordering upon, or in  the vicinity of the lowlands  of the
M ississippi and Yazoo Rivers; and so long as we remain in such localities, yve must expect miasmatic diseases to abound."  *  *
COLXXV.    Extract from a Report on the Actions before Jackson, Mississippi, from July 6  to
      2<», 1803.   By Surgeon Charles McMillan, U. S. V., Medical Director of the Fifteenth Corps.
               "I believe the  results of operations are very favorable, although all the very severely wounded yvere  brought
the yvhole distance from Jackson to Big Black River on litters carried ahead of the moving column,  and starting  before daylight
each morning, so as to make the distance allotted to each day, before  the sun became oppressive and the dust hegan to rise.  A
medical officer from each division accompanied the train, yvith an ambulance containing supplies of nourishment and stimulants, 
 
PLri.eXV_.opp.335.
Appendix to Part l.Med &. Sure Hist' : ,: 'i - Re1 Iho1
          MAP OF  THE
    MILITARY OPERATIONS
          in the Vicinity of
NEW ORLEANS & PORT HUDSON
Reduced from Map of tin- Engineer Bureau
J.Bien. P/iotoiith. 
REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS  READ  AND  SANGER.
335
and a yvater cart yvith a supply of fresh water, renewed whenever practicable, on the march.  They arrived at our present camp,
near the Big Black River, in good condition, cheerful and hopeful.  They have been retained in their camps for treatment, until
able to be sent home on furlough, transferred to the Invalid Corps, or discharged from service.   Amputations have been followed
in most cases by very gratifying results.  One case of amputation of the thigh yvithin a half inch of the trochanter,  recovered in
a surprisingly short time, and yvith hardly an unfavorable symptom throughout."      *      *      *


CCLXXYI.   Extract from  a Report on the Battle of Baton  Rouge, Louisiana.    By Surgeon
     Ezra  Read, 21st Indiana Volunteers.

      *   *  *  "At the battle of Baton Rouge. August 5, 1862,  the 21st Indiana Volunteers yvent into action  with five hundred
and eighty-five men.   As the regiment occupied the centre, it yvas exposed to a constant fire during the action, and for a short
time received a lieavy cross fire from the enemy's right flank.  No regiment suffered so  much in killed and wounded.   Twenty-
four men yvere killed on the field and ninety-seven yvounded.  Every field  officer was killed or wounded.  The projectiles from
the  enemy's small arms yvere oblong and inflicted injuries of the most  serious character.  In anticipation of a reneyved attack,
the  yvounded yvere removed to the general hospitals at Neyv Orleans, before any opportunity yvas  offered  to inspect individual
cases. Four of the yvounded died before transportation, two on transport,  and several since in  general hospital."   *   *   *
 CCLXXVII.   Extracts  from  the  Reports of the  Chief Medical  Officer  of  the 'id  Division,
      Nineteenth  Corps.   By  Surgeon Eugene  F.  Sanger, IT. S. Volunteers.

      *  *  *  " General T. W. Sherman and staff left Neyv Orleans for the vicinity of Port Hudson, May 21,1863.  Port Hudson
 yvas completely invested  May 24th, and the assault yvas made on the 27th.  The action commenced at six hundred yards with a
 murderous fire of minie balls, grape, and canister,  and approached within  one  hundred yards.  Total killed,  sixty-one;  total
 wounded, four hundred and tyventy-five.   Number of amputations, thirty: leg, tyvo; thigh, three; arm,  nine; fore-arm, one;
 fingers, fourteen, and toes, one.   In many instances spiculae of bone were removed, and an effort  to save limbs was attempted
 yvhere comminution yvas not too great; but all our wounded being sent to Baton Rouge the result cannot be determined at present.
 I am satisfied that too many limbs are amputated, and if greater efforts yvere put  forth in  constructing good  roads and  easy
 transportation from the division hospitals to landing  places,  and comfortable and yvell-ventilated  general hospitals, the ratio of
 deaths would be smaller  and the percentage of amputations much less.  The distance from the battle-field to division hospital
 yvas two and a half miles, over  rough roads yvith poor ambulances.   Distance  from division hospital to Springfield Landing,
 eight miles, and thence to Baton  Rouge by boat, eighteen miles.  *  *  June  30th, the division still lay  before Port Hudson.
 General Sherman yvas yvounded  through the right leg, comminuting the tibia below the tuberosity, and producing transverse
 fracture of the fibula, caused by small grape shot.  Resected  the tibia, leaving the lower spur, yvhich was not cracked from the
 distal end of the  fractured tibia, attached  to overlap and meet the proximal end of the fracture.  The  leg  yvas amputated,
 hoyvever, at  New  Orleans.  Total  number of killed and wounded during  the month of June: killed,  tyventy-one; wounded,
 tyvo hundred and eighty-three;  total, three  hundred and four.  Killed and yvounded during the assault of the 13th and 14th of
 June: killed, eighteen; yvounded, tyvo hundred and three; total, tyvo hundred and twenty-one.  Number of troops engaged on the
 14th, about three thousand;  distance  from  four to five hundred yards.  Nature of missiles, conical balls,  grape, and  canister.
 Number of amputations, forty; of resections, five.  Amputations: thigh, four; leg, one;  arm, two;  fore-arm, one; shoulder, one;
 fingers and metacarpal bones, thirty; toes, one.  Resections: shaft of humerus, one; humerus at distal end, three;  ulna and radius,
 one.  Resections are all doing yvell.  No indications of erysipelas supervened in the case of those operations which yvere retained
 in my division hospital.  Some cases of compound comminuted fracture of the thigh yvere saved, and did well as long as yve could
 retain them in division hospital.  I saw two of them at Baton Rouge  some three yveeks afterward, and they were doing yvell.   I
 observed at Baton Rouge several cases of erysipelas among the wounded.
      The folloyving is the result  of a hasty examination of  the wounded at Baton Rouge on the  21st of June, from the battles
 of the 27th of May and 14th of June.  Amputations: thigh,  primary, tyventy-six cases, seven  deaths;  secondary, four cases,
 three  deaths.  Leg, primary, one case; secondary,  five cases, tyvo deaths.   Arm, primary,  tyventy-three cases, one death;
 secondary, three  cases.  Fore-arm, primary, four  cases.  Shoulder,  three cases, one death.  Resections:  shoulder, tyvo cases,
 doing poorly;  elboyv,  two cases, one death, (amputated;) knee, one case, one  death;  tibia, one  case.  Compound fractures:
thigh, four cases, tyvo doing fair; leg, four cases, one doing fair;  arm,  one case; radius, one case.   Ligation of arteries:  femoral,
four cases, three deaths;  carotid, tyvo cases, one death; brachial, one  case;  erysipelas, ten cases."
CCLXXV1II.   Extracts from the Report of the Medical Director of the Nineteenth Corps, for
      April, 1864.   By Surgeon Eugene F. Sanger,  U. S.  Volunteers.
      *  *  *  " Shortly after leaving Natchitoches we entered the yellow pine woods of upper Louisiana, and skirmishing became
almost constant.   April 7th, three miles beyond Pleasant Hill our cavalry became engaged with the enemy, in a little opening in
the pine yvoods bordering on a small bayou.  The country was hilly, thickly covered with pine trees, and the clearings small and
infrequent.   The  consequence was that the firing was at short range, and the yvounds were very severe and fatal.  The cavalry
loss was ten killed, and forty-seven  wounded.  This  engagement is knoyvn as Wilson's Farm.  I took the wounded back to
Pleasant Hill, furnished them with rations, medical supplies, and a medical officer; and the entire force advanced early in the
morning, leaving the wounded.  April  8th, the battle of Sabine Cross Roads yvas fought at about five o'clock p. m., seventeen miles
from Pleasant Hill, and about two and a half miles from Mansfield.  This battle  was also fought in a little opening  in the 
336
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--DEPARTMENT  OF  TIIE  GULF.
yvoods. at short  range yvith minie balls.   I had just organized a division field hospital yvhen the rout of the cavalry division
and Thirteenth Corps became complete, and I yvas  obliged to  abandon the hospital.  A portion of the yvounded yvere rescued.
Twenty ambulances yvere captured, and eight medical officers of the Thirteenth Corps either captured or left with the wounded.
There yvere  tyvo hundred and ten wounded left in the hands of the enemy.  The 1st division, Nineteenth Corps, checked the
pursuit  of the enemy, and  rejielled his charges yvith terrible  slaughter.   Night closed the scene, both armies resting on their
arms yvithin speaking distance.   I immediately organized a division  field hospital for the Nineteenth  Corps, and  every exertion
yvas made by the medical officers to collect our yvounded in the thick yvoods and darkness, with a limited number of ambulances—
most of the ambulances being blocked up in the rear, by the stampeded mass of yvagons, artillery, infantry and cavalry.  Our
forces retired at tyvelve o'clock.  One surgeon was captured asleep, and one was left yvith thirty-eight wounded of the Nineteenth
Corps, for yvhom we did not have transportation on our retreat to Pleasant Hill, about fifteen miles.  Loss:  cavalry," thirty-five
killed; one hundred and seventy-four wounded.  Thirteenth Corps, forty-three killed; two hundred and  seventy-seven yvounded.
Nineteenth Corps, unknown.   Arrived at Pleasant Hill at six o'clock A. si.  Immediate orders yvere issued to send all transporta-
tion to Grand Ecore, forty miles in the rear.  All my wounded were sent, leaving the Nineteenth Corps yvith only three ambulances.
The battle of Pleasant Hill yvas fought on the 9th of April at five o'clock p. m., one division  of the Nineteenth Corps, and two
divisions of the Sixteenth Corps being engaged.  The battle ground was a large open field of  three or four hundred acres, on an
elevated piece of ground forming a beautiful plateau, completely surrounded yvith yvoods.  A feyv houses and shops on the hill;
no yvater excepting  a feyv  wells.  The soil in  this entire region is poor, being clay largely mixed with sand.   We repulsed the
enemy at dark, and night only stopped our pursuit.  I organized a large hospital in three or four of the  largest  dyvellings on the
hill, for the Nineteenth Corps.  All the buildings were badly exposed to fire during a portion of the engagement, when tyvo brigades
broke and the enemy came upon our centre, in direct  range of the hospital.  One  shell went through the main building, and
numerous balls struck the house.  Immediately after the battle was over, I obtained permission to send  for my medical stores; but
by a change of plans and orders, I discovered at six o'clock A. M. of the 10th, after a hard night's labor  with the yvounded, that the
infantry had retreated during the night, and a small squadron  of cavalry was guarding the rear immediately in  front of my
hospitals.  I had no other alternative than to put a medical officer in charge, leave him a very meagre supply of  medicines and
follow the infantry, then five miles distant.  The Sixteenth Corps left tyvo medical officers.  Both of our hospitals were very
poorly supplied yvith food, and the ordinary comforts for the wounded.   We lost in all in the two days' fight  thirteen  medical
officers, nine captured and four left to attend to the wounded.  Abandoned at Pleasant Hill two hundred and ninety-six yvounded.
Total number of yvounded left  at Mansfield and Pleasant Hill,  four hundred and ninety-nine.   Total number of killed and
yvounded on the second day, 9th of April:  1st division. Nineteenth Corps, seventy-one killed;  four hundred and  eleven wounded.
Total killed and wounded  in the two corps and cavalry divisions on the 7th,  8th and 9th:  killed, one hundred and sixty-one;
yvounded, nine hundred and ten.  Arrived at Grand Ecore about noon April 11th, and on  the 12th I obtained permission to
take two loads of medical and hospital stores to our wounded at Pleasant Hill, under a flag of truce.  I found them very kindly
treated, but suffering for medicines, bedding and hospital stores;  all of which I was able to supply.  I found Surgeon Yandell,
medical  director of the trans-Mississippi  Department, disposed  to do every thing in his power, he  also promised that all the
medical officers should be allowed to return within our lines as soon as I conscientiously thought they  could be spared.   General
Taylor in his communication to General Banks, expressed a willingness to parole all  our wounded as soon as they could travel.
On the 14th of April, I sent four loads of supplies and  clothing to  our wounded.  They allowed  one of our captured  medical
officers to come  to our lines,  but would not  alloyv another medical officer to enter their lines.  Since that time I have not heard
from our wounded, as we commenced our retreat from Grand Ecore April 21st.  I found that a medical officer in the Confederate
army had possessed himself of a  case of instruments left yvith  one of the medical officers who remained after the first day's fight,
by my orders.  I reported the fact to Surgeon Yandell, and he promised it should be returned.   I fortunately took an operating
case with me when I visited Pleasant Hill, and received a written  guarantee from the medical director that it should not be
taken.  On the 23d of April, the enemy attacked us both in rear and front at Cane  River Crossing.  The enemy held the ford,
commanding it yvith cannon mounted on bluffs and hills densely covered with forests.   Two divisions forded two miles above, and
by a heroic charge through the woods  and over a precipitous hill, carried the  position.  Our loss was: 1st division, Nineteenth
Corps, killed,  sixteen; wounded, one hundred and twelve.  2d division, Nineteenth Corps, killed, unknown; yvounded, tyventy-
four.  All the yvounded had to be picked up during the night under great  difficulties, and  either brought across  the  river in
ambulances by fording, or  on pontoon boats lent us for the purpose.  By six o'clock A. si. I had them all dressed, most of the
badly yvounded operated upon; and at  eight o'clock A. M. I had all in  ambulances and started for Alexandria, forty miles distant.
Arrived  at Alexandria April 25th, about noon, and by  dark  had all provided with hospital accommodations.  The wounded
yvere  sent to Baton Rouge and Neyv Orleans as fast as boats could be obtained.  The casualties may be summed up as follows:

      April 7th, Cavalry.................................................................killed, 10 wounded, 47
      April 6th  and 9th, Cavalry..........................................................  "   35     "    174
      April 23d, Cavalry.................................................................  "   2     "    21
      April 8th, 3d division, Thirteenth  Corps.............................................  "   24     ''    110
      April tith, 4th division, Thirteenth Corps...........t..................................  "   19     "    167
      April 8th  and 9th, 1st division, Nineteenth Corps......................................  "   71     "    411
      Anril 23d, 1st  division, Nineteenth Corps............................................  "   16     "    112
      April 23d, 2d division, Nineteenth Corps.............................................  " unknown "     24

                                                                                             "  177     "  1,066
      Probable loss of Sixteenth Corps....................................................  "   79     "    550

                                                                                             "   256*   "  1,616 
 
Platexiii  op.P.337
Appendix to Part! V> 1 &. r -rg Histor   :    R-   lion
                                  :t^t'-----------
Reduced, from Map of the Engineer Bureau
J.Bien. Photolith.
28 
REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS  ABADIE  AND  WILLIS.
337
      I send you this hasty synopsis, having been most of the time chief medical officer in the field, and all the time medical
director of the Nineteenth and Thirteenth Corps, and cavalry division.   The campaign has been a laborious one, our troops having
marched more than four hundred miles in forty days, and fought three  hard battles.  The troops have stood it remarkably yvell,
and although reduced in flesh, are in good spirits and ready to meet the enemy.  Before yve left Franklin, March 16th, I had a
medical purveyor appointed, and obtained six yvagons for the medical supplies, which accompanied us through the entire march.
The yvisdom of this plan was almost providential, for although yve had reason to presume that the regiments would take ample
supplies, and our water  communication yvith Alexandria and (Jrand Ecore would afford every facility for obtaining everything,
repeated delays and unforseen accidents on the river, and our frequent absence from the river for days at a time, together with the
fact that all the important battles yvere fought  forty miles from water  communication, would  otherwise have entailed upon our
wounded soldiers a large amount of misery and suffering.   Our yvounded received every comfort and attention which it yvas
possible for a retreating  army to give.  The number of operations yvas  not large, many cases proving fatal before they could be
operated upon, on account of the severity of their yvounds.  I enjoined upon all the surgeons under my charge the importance of
resections  in gunshot  yvounds of the upper extremity.  Although many do  not agree yvith me, I can hardly believe  there is any
excuse for a failure in resections of the elboyv-joint, provided the patient has a fair constitution and can receive careful treatment
in a not too crowded hospital, yvhere ventilation is properly attended to. *   * I have had equally good success in resections of
the  hand.   All operations give the surgeons of hospitals great care and trouble;  and there is to be found in every department a
very large number of surgeons yvho disapprove of resections, if we except selected  cases of the shoulder.  In the hand I find any
single bone of the carpus, or portions of the metacarpal bones, yvith one or more of the carpal bones, can be resected with almost
uniform success leaving  useful hands, provided the operator is able to  cut cleanly and neatly, not making extensive openings,
carefully avoiding arteries and nerves, and dissecting out each bone by closely shaving the  bones themselves.  I have collected
a large number of specimens of resections of the elbow and shoulder, some of which I propose to forward to the Museum as soon
as I have time to select  them. The classified return of wounds and  injuries received in action is nearly complete, and will be
foryvarded through the regular channel.   The campaign has been most trying, and constantly retreating as we have done with
considerable loss of baggage, papers are sloyv in coming in, and in many instances  have been made out a second time."   *  *   *
 CCLXXIX.   Extracts  from  the  Report of  the Operations of  the Medical  Department of the
      Army of the Military Division of West  Mississippi, during the Campaign against Mobile,
      Alabama.    By Surgeon E. H. Abadie, U. S. Army, Medical Director.
      -  *  *  "This army-, commanded by Major General Canby, and consisting of the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Corps, after
 consolidating at Danley's Mills on Fish River, Alabama, some tyvelve miles up from the bay of its name, broke up camp March
 25th for a place called Deer Park, ten miles toyvard  Blakely, and had  some skirmishing with the enemy until near the camp
 ground, giving the feyv casualties reported.  On the 26th, sharp skirmishing was resumed on leaving camp, continuing more or
 less  toward  Sibley's  Mills on Rock Creek, some  eight or ten miles from Deer Park, near yvhich the  army encamped.   More
 casualties occurred this day, mostly in a brigade of the Thirteenth Corps marching on a road nearer the bay.   Monday the 27th,
 the army marched directly upon Spanish Fort and its outworks to invest them.  On  our approach toyvard their  fortifications a
 considerable engagement took place, giving us a large number of wounded.  Since  that day the army has regularly besieged
 these works, and the casualties have gradually diminished  as the troops  have strengthened and fortified their position.  *  *
 After the 31st of March the operations of this army were actively directed to the complete investment  of Spanish Fort, and of
 the yvorks at Blakely, some six miles from the fort, the first week producing comparatively feyv casualties, notwithstanding  the
 well-directed fire of heavy artillery and  musketry of the entrenched enemy.  Early on  the morning of the 8th, we met yvith
 more losses from a sortie made by the troops at Blakely, attempting to  dislodge a portion of General Garrard's command from
 their left.  At about eight o'clock  the  same evening, after a general bombardment of some tyvo hours  duration, General Carr
 leading a portion of his division of the Sixteenth Corps, made a lodgment in the right  of the rebel yvorks, yvhich  led to  the
 abandonment of their fortifications by the enemy, and  our taking them  with some seven hundred prisoners and  about forty-six
 pieces of artillery.   Early on the 9th, the headquarters moved on toward Blakely, the army before Spanish Fort having preceded
 us at daylight.   At about five o'clock, a general assault on the Blakely rebel works yvas made.  General Hayvkins's colored division
 on the extreme right, General Andrews's  division,  of the Thirteenth Corps, (of General Steele's command,) in the centre, and
 General Garrard's 2d division, Sixteenth Corps, on the left.   The attack being simultaneous and rapid, our troops soon gallantly
 entered  the works, capturing about four  thousand prisoners, among yvhom were  Generals Liddel, Thomas, and  Cockrell, also
 fifty-six pieces of ordnance.  The  possession of these  works and Spanish Fort, led  to the abandonment, on  the night of  the
 11th, of batteries Tracy and Huger, protecting the entrance of the channel and Tensaw River, as also Mobile which was
abandoned and taken possession of by our own troops, the Thirteenth Corps, commanded by General Granger on  the morning of
the 12th."      *       *
CCLXXX.   Extract from the Report of the  Chief Medical Officer of  the Forces  Operating
     from Pensacola Bay against Blakely, Alabama.   By Surgeon P. A. Willis, 83d Ohio.
      *  *  *  "Agreeably to orders, I forward the folloyving report of this command in the recent campaign from Pensacola,
including the march from that point to Blakely and the operations for the reduction of the latter place.  The command, consisting
of Brigadier General C. C. Andrew's division of the Thirteenth Corps, Brigadier General J. P. Hawkin's division of U. S. colored
troops, and Brigadier General Lucas's brigade of cavalry, numbering in all about tyvelve thousand men, moved from Pensacola,
Florida, on the 20th of  March, 1865.  The command was in an excellent sanitary condition, having left all the sick and disabled
       '  43 
338
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  GULF.
in  hospital at Barrancas, and having been  yvell fed and clothed in anticipation of the campaign.   The  morale  of  the men
was of the first order; each regiment trying to stand at the head of the list for efficiency and good discipline.  The command
yvas supplied  yvith the full amount of medical  stores, hospital tents and ambulances alloyved by the existing orders, and all in good
condition, except the ambulance train of Ceneral Hayvkins's division, yvhich yvas hardly serviceable.  On the first day's march
from Pensacola it began to rain and continued, almost without inteimission, for forty-eight hours, rendering the roads almost
impassable.   The condition of the men  during this long rain-stoim yvas miserable in the extreme, as they yvere unable to dry
their clothing during the  time, and, oyving  to the flat  condition of the  ground, could not find a dry place to sleep or rest.
But little sickness resulted from this exposure,  and the spirit of the troops was not depressed in the least.   After this the roads
had to be corduroyed for many miles, and yvhile half the command yvas engaged in laying it the other  half was assisting the
artillery and yvagon trains.   On the 25th yve  reached the vicinity of Bluff Springs, yvhere yve found Brigadier General Clanton
with a small  force prepared to  oppose  our further progress.    Brigadier  General Lucas,  commanding  the  cavalry forces,
ordered the 2d Louisiana Cavalry to charge, yvhich it did in fine  style, killing several and capturing  General Clanton yvith one
hundred and forty men.   General Clanton yvas wounded  through  the body and left yvith the other wounded of his command in a
small  house near the  battle-field.   Dr. Grigsley, surgeon C. S. A., yvith a sufficient number of attendants,  yvas left to  care for
the wounded.   Our casualties yvere slight, only tyvo being killed and a feyv wounded, yvho were taken yvith the command in
ambulances.  On the 20th the yvhole command yvas put on one-fourth rations and large details yvere employed each day in laying
corduroy bridges, yvhile  others assisted in extracting artillery and yvagons from the mud.  In many places the trains had to
be moved entirely by the men, since it was utterly impossible for the animals to get through.  On the 30th yve reached Stockton,
where we found large quantities of corn and a grist-mill and the command halted twenty-four hours in order that a supply of
meal might be obtained.   On the  1st of April we arrived in the vicinity of Blakely, having marched one hundred and tyventy
miles  over the yvorst of roads; many estimating that thirty miles of corduroy bridge had been built.   For several days the troops
were  on  one-fourth rations, yvere yvorking every day as well as marching for days yvithout dry clothing, and yet there yvas
scarcely any sickness, nearly every man being able to take his place in the ranks when the advance yvas made.  Field hospitals
were established in  the rear of the centre of each division; the corps of  operators reported promptly  and everything yvas made
ready to care for the yvounded.  The hospitals had to be moved several times on account of the shells from  the rebel gunboats
reaching so far to  the rear, but finally safe  positions yvere secured; that for General  Andrews's division near Mr. O. Sibley's
house, and that for General  Hawkins's division near the house of Mr. Wilson, on the Stockton road.  The ambulances were
stationed in localities yvhich were easy of access from the several regiments, and the wounded were promptly removed from the field
to the ambulance stations on hand-litters.  General Hawkins's division suffered severely on the 1st, 2d, and  3d from shells throyvn
from the rebel gunboats, but after these yvere  driven off the daily list of casualties was small until the evening of April 9th, yvhen
the yvorks yvere carried by assault, and hundreds of yvounded were carried to the hospital.   Finding the hospital accommodations
in General Andreyvs's division inadequate, I  had the yvounded removed to the house of Mr. O. Sibley, yvhere there was plenty
of shelter and excellent  yvater in abundance.   By ten o'clock p. M. all the wounded had been removed from the field and before
morning every man had received attention.  The wounded yvere not exposed to yvet or rain at anytime and the changes of atmos-
phere proved of no detriment to them.  The  supplies of food, yvater, stimulants, and medical stores yvere abundant, and no case of
suffering came under my notice from neglect or scarcity of supplies. The wounded yvere removed in ambulances to the steamship
Saint Mary at the landing beloyv Spanish  Fort and shipped from that  point to the general hospitals at Neyv Orleans.   Most
of the yvounded from General Andreyvs's division yvere shipped on the 12th, and the  remainder yvith those from  General
Hayvkins's, on the  13th of April.  A sufficient number of medical officers and attendants yvere sent to care for the yvounded.
The several medical officers belonging to the command have done their duty nobly and well; laboring under the many difficulties
of an active campaign, they did all yvithin their poyver to ameliorate the condition of the yvounded."      *      *      *
CCLXXXI.    Jyxtract from the Report of the Medical Director of  the Thirteenth Army Corps
     for the  Campaign  against Mobile.   By Surgeon  C.  B.  White,  U.  S. Volunteers,  Medical
      Director.
      *  #  *  n rp]ie  campaign 0f the Thirteenth Corps, from Fort Morgan to its position in  the rear of Spanish Fort, yvas
very laborious.  Much of the ground over which the corps passed yvas of quicksand covered by sod.   This sod, once broken
through, horses and yvagons sank  to such a depth that the assistance of troops yvas necessary to extricate them.   The men
worked in rain and mud for several days, till  firm  ground yvas reached  and good yveather prevailed, dragging wagons and
artillery through by hand and in  constructing  many miles of corduroy.  This immense labor was  performed with energy,
alacrity, and in high spirits.  Rest for thirty-six hours was afforded  at Fish River, and  though but partially recovered from
their fatigue, the  soldiers moved again with  cheerful promptitude.   The  morale of the  corps  was admirable.  Many  of the
regiments  had belonged to the corps previous to  its  suspension.  All yvere of more than  tyvo years service and had ordinarily
been successful in  battle.  Most  had fought in the same battles, so that a considerable degree of esprit du corps was manifest.
The  scorbutic  taint, existing in  some regiments, had nearly disappeared;  the troops yvere of robust, full habit, showing high
health.   The  supply of ambulances, of hospital  tents,  and hospital  wagons yvas  in accordance yvith  orders No.  24, head-
quarters of the Division of West Mississippi.   Regimental officers were instructed to keep medical supplies for thirty days
constantly on hand. Each division hospital carried as large a supply of the articles usually required by the exigencies of battle
as the amount of transportation yvould permit.   At the siege of Spanish Fort, the troops of the corps were disposed in ravines
and  under the crest of hills, at distances fi-om the fort varying  from six hundred to eight hundred yards.  The skirmish line
yvas  daily pressed forward and the working parties pushed in behind it.  Until the soldiers covered themselves by bomb-proofs, 
REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS  WHITE AND  THOM.                           339
the yvounds yvere principally from solid shot and shell.  After the construction of covers and the pushing of skirmishers near the
fort, the number and proportion of casualties from artillery fire greatly decreased.  The yvounds received in the rifle pits and on
the skirmish line yvere usually from ball; those in the trenches yvere nearly equally divided between musket and cannon shot.  In
the course of the siege several casualties  occurred from the explosion of torpedoes buried at the crossing of the creek yvhich
passed through our lines and, after the occupation of the fort, from those yvhich yvere placed around it near the abattis and in the
roads leading  to the fort.  The litters and litter-bearers yvere kept yvith the main  line of troops where medical officers yvere
ahvays on duty. Those yvounded in the trenches and at this reserve line yvere immediately carried off.  Those yvounded, and the
bodies of those killed, at the skirmish line yvere left until dark and then brought off.   The fire from the rebel rifle pits prevented
any one from  reaching the skirmish line, or  from returning from it, except at night.   After the first three days' operations
against Spanish Fort, those killed on the field yvere buried in division burying  grounds and the graves properly marked.  At
the suggestion of medical officers, immediately upon the closing in of the troops around the  fort, sinks were dug and attention
paid to  those  sanitary precautions yvhich might serve in the  case of a long siege, to prevent or delay the appearance of those
disorders yvhich so  frequently  occur in the camps of beseiging troops.   The division ambulance trains were kept yvith their
respective divisions, and a sufficient number of ambulances yvere stationed as near the camps as they  could find shelter from the
enemy's fire  yvhich syvept every hill and many of the ravines.  The wounded yvere conveyed by ambulances from the field to the
division hospitals yvhich,  at first situated in the rear of the line, yvere afterwards pitched upon a hill on the extreme left, on the
road to Starke's Landing, yvhere they yvere transferred to steamer.   This yvas a point not more  than two and a half miles from any
portion of the line and in the vicinity of a plantation house, surrounded by trees, with yvater of excellent quality and an abundance
of fuel.   Bunks yvere made and filled yvith fine strayv for the accommodation of the wounded, and  when hay was received at
Starke's Landing it  yvas furnished to the hospitals by the quartermaster, upon requisition, but arrived too late to be of service at
this point.  The division  yvagons furnished the hospitals an ample supply of beef extract, condensed milk, and stimulants.   The
yvounded did not endure any exposure to wet,  cold, or heat, that yvas of long duration or sufficient to cause suffering.  Rain fell
heavily three days, but those wounded on  the skirmish  line, though remaining on  the  field until night, were protected by the
rubber blankets of their comrades.  The yvounded were moved from the division hospital to transports for transfer to Neyv Orleans,
yvithin two to four days after the injuries yvere received.   They were accompanied by medical officers, cooks, and  nurses, and
furnished yvith medical and hospital  supplies and rations, under orders from  Surgeon E. H. Abadie, medical director.  At  the
time of the assault on Blakely, I yvas absent at Starke's Landing, paying attention to the transfer of  wounded to transports, and
having no notification of the intended action, did not provide for the necessities of the field. I am informed that three hours' delay
occurred in removing some of the yvounded of this corps from the field.   The next morning I found all the wounded of the 1st
and 2d divisions, yvho participated  in the assault, gathered into division  hospitals;  in the 1st division all necessary operations
performed, and in the 2d  division all but one.  The  2d  division hospital was not in a creditable condition, but it is impossible
for a  surgeon  in charge, in advance, to judge unerringly of the comparative executive ability of the various surgeons newly
placed under his direction. Those wounded at this assault were  sent to New Orleans,  by yvay of Starke's Landing, thirty-six
hours afterward; medical officers accompanied them, a surgeon-in-charge, an assistant to each fifty patients, and one nurse to each
fifteen patients.  Rations also, and  medical and hospital supplies for three days, yvere sent with them.   Hay was drawn by
requisition on the quartermaster's department,  and a liberal amount placed  in the ambulances which transferred the severe cases,
and in the six division yvagons yvhich  carried the sick and slightly yvounded, for  whom the ambulance accommodation  was
insufficient.   The wounds  received in  this assault, it is believed, were principally from musketry fire.   The proportion of
amputations  to the number of yvounded at Spanish  Fort was large, as the majority of yvounds  during the first days of the siege
were from explosion of shell."       *
CCLXXXII.   Extract from the Report of the Medical Director of the Sixteenth  Corps for the
      Campaign against Mobile.   By Surgeon W. H. Thom,  U. S. V., Medical Director.
      *  *   *   " This command yvas organized into a corps at New Orleans on or about the 21st of February, 1865.   It comprises
forty regiments divided into three divisions, chiefly western  troops, with one regiment from New York and one from Neyv Jersey;
nearly all have been in active service for two years or more.  Their morale was excellent and their sanitary condition good.   Each
regiment was furnished with a pannier, or a portablable medicine chest, which was kept filled by timely requisitions  on the
division supply contained in one Perot's medical yvagons, and several six-mule teams for each division.  The ambulance corps yvas
organized according to law, and a division field hospital established at the rate of one tent to a regiment,  We left New Orleans on
transports about tty 12th of March and after a short stay on  Dauphin  Island, sailed  across Mobile Bay and up Fish  River to
Danley's Landing, where we debarked.   Thence three days' short marches through the pines brought us, on the 27th of March,
to the vicinity of Spanish Fort, against yvhich we immediately commenced siege operations, while one division operated against
the defences at Blakely.  Spanish Fort was taken by storm  on the 8th and Blakely in the same manner on the 9th of April, up to
which period our men were  constantly subjected to fatigue duty in the trenches.  The weather during this whole period was
fine neither too hot  nor too cold, with very little rain.   Water and supplies were abundant and good, and the general  health
of the command  preserved its usual average.  During the siege, all  men yvho were  wounded were conveyed  on stretchers
or carried by hand to the medical depot in the rear of the trenches, whence, after the  proper attention, they were transferred to
the division field hospital, further in the rear, where the  proper amount of water and  shelter could be obtained.  Each division
hospital was  capable of accommodating two  hundred men, and was provided  with  bunks, bedsacks or leaves, on which  the
wounded were placed. The wounded were transferred almost daily by steamer to the general hospitals at New Orleans, and at
no time were the field hospitals  crowded.  Medical and hospital supplies  were sufficient, and provismns furnished in reasonable
quantities.   There were the usual varieties of gunshot and shell wounds.  But feyv of the wounded died in the hospital, and the
yvhole number treated in the field hospitals yvas about five hundred." 
310
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—BATTLE OF  PEA RIDGE.
 CCLXXXIII.   Extracts from a  Report on the  Operations of the  Medical Department  during
      the Battle  of Pea Ridge.   By Surgeon D. S. McGugin, 3d Iowa Cavalry.

       *   *  *   "On the morning of February 7. 1862, I left Benton Barracks to join my regiment at  Rolla, Missouri.   Four
 days after my arrival yve received  orders to  move, and proceeded by yvay of Lebanon to Camp Halleck, at the Osage Springs,
 Arkansas, where the headquarters of the  army  of General Curtis yvere established.  Two divisions of his army were in this
 vicinity, the other two at Cross Holloyvs and Elm Springs.  I found, on reaching Camp Halleck, that Surgeon W. C. Otterson had
 arrived the day before.  It was ascertained that the army was entirely destitute of medical supplies, and it was determined that
 Surgeon Otterson should at once proceed to St. Louis to procure them.  *  *   Upon further examination I found that the rapidity
 of the movements of the army in reaching  this point, the condition  of the roads,  the  inclemency of the yveather, and the
 insufficient commissary supplies, had much exhausted the men; yet they yvere comparatively healthy, there being but very few cases
 of serious illness among them.  They were compelled, in part, to subsist upon the little that yvas left in the country by the enemy,
 a large force of yvhich, under McCullough,  had occupied and  almost  devastated it  during the  previous nine months.   The
 inhabitants had, in a majority of instances, suddenly  departed before the advance of our army, and left behind them everything
 for yvhich they had not the means of conveyance.  Small lots of wheat, corn, oats, hay and straw were found in their abandoned
 dwellings, barns and fields, yvhich yvere taken for our men  and horses.  Our commissary trains from Rolla yvere sometimes
 waylaid and seized by squads of the enemy, so that very little reached us. Thus we were compelled to subsist, each day rapidly
 diminishing the supplies until the 6th of March, which yvas the first day of the battle; the initiative being on  the right yvith
 General Siegel's division, which yvas surrounded by a strong force of the enemy near Bentonville, but after a sharp engagement
 he succeeded in cutting his yvay through and came into camp on Sugar Creek, where General Curtis yvas massing his forces to
 meet the enemy.  It was very manifest that the attack made upon General Siegel's division would be folloyved  immediately by a
 general engagement.  It was expected that the enemy yvould approach by the valley of Sugar Creek, yvhich was from a quarter
 to a half mile in width, and therefore batteries yvere erected upon the elevated bluffs or hills yvhich bordered upon it.   But the
 enemy yvho yvas yvell acquainted with  the topography of the country and the direction of the roads, avoided the  approach by
 the valley  of the creek;  and determined to  surround our army, placing himself upon  the road to Cassville so as to prevent
 our retreat in that direction.  On the  morning  of the 7th of March he showed himself in strong force  at  Elkhorn Tavern,
 upon the road leading along the spine of Pea Ridge, the direction  of  which is north-west and south-east.  Our forces  yvere
 displayed along the bluffs overlooking the valley, but  as soon as it yvas found that the enemy had appeared in our rear, the  front
 was  changed.  Before proceeding further it is proper that I should  state that the 1st and 2d divisions were commanded by
 Generals Siegel and Asboth, the 3d by Colonel Davis,  and the 4th by Colonel  Carr.  There were besides, tyvo or three independent
 detachments.  The yvhole force according to the report of General Curtis, did not exceed in cavalry and infantry, tyvelve thousand
 and ninety-five men, yvith fifty pieces of artillery, four of yvhich were mountain hoyvitzers.   The enemy had not less than  forty
 thousand men, yvith seventy pieces of artillery.  *  *  It yvas very clear that the surgeons would  soon  be called upon for the
 exercise of all their powers.  There was hoyvever no medical head, for Surgeon Otterson  had not yet returned.   Morever the
 medical supplies for yvhich he had  gone to St. Louis, had not yet arrived.   *  *   From  the valley of  Sugar Creek the road
 proceeds north-west, at right angles from the stream.   The bluff or hill bordering upon  it, rises abruptly to a considerable height,
 until it reaches the apex.  For  some distance, say half a mile or more, the surface declines either yvay into deep fissures or
 ravines.   A little further on it widens out, and for the distance of half  or three-fourths of a mile the surface is more  even  and
 uniform,  with fields on the right and left until very near the Elkhorn  Tavern.   On the west side  of the road and behind the
 tavern is an abrupt elevation, with a high rocky face looking back toyvard the creek, and facing  the fields on the left side of the
 road.  To the left and yyest  of this there is  a deep ravine or gorge, after passing yvhich and upon  a ridge of equal height with the
 one on which the road is located, Leetoyvn is situated. It consists of some fifteen or twenty houses, frame and log, and but one
 story in height.  North-yvest of this there are fields with woodland intervening, and extending out in this direction for some distance.
 Three-fourths of a mile from this village was the centre  of our extended line, and also that of the enemy. At this point and
 simultaneously at Elkhorn Tavern on the  main road, the  battle was  renewed early on the morning of the 7th.  A charge was
 made by a portion of our cavalry and a battery of light artillery, yvho were repulsed yvith considerable loss and a portion of the
 battery yvas taken by the enemy.   The cavalry yvere  pursued by mounted Indians and Texan cavalry armed with a formidable
 yveapon, a short, heavy, and  sharp sabre, made from heavy saw-mill  files by their own mechanics.  One  blow with  this rude
 weapon yvould crash in through the integument, bony structure, and into the brain, or make deep gashes upon the body.  Our forces
 hoyvever rallied and  drove  the enemy.   Before the enemy's cavalry sallied out upon our forces, their infantry concealed in the
 underbrush, fired a volley from squirrel and shot guns of all calibre, killing  and yvounding many.   Before  the battle began our
 cavalry had moved to our centre through Leetoyvn to take position.  I ordered out two ambulances, and with surgical appliances
 accompanied by an assistant, proceeded after them as  speedily as  possible.  Before arriving at the village the rapid discharge of
 cannon and small arms proclaimed the beginning of the conflict.  On the way and while ascending the hill from the deep ravine,
 before  reaching Leetoyvn, yve were met by about forty horses in the yvildest and most furious stampede, yvith saddles, blankets
 and other cavalry equipments in disorder.   These belonged to the cavalry yvho had been unhorsed by ball and sabre in the charge.
 *  *  At Leetown I yvas soon engaged with Surgeon D. W. Young, 36th Illinois, and several other medical officers in attending
 the wounded, in a building formerly occupied as a small store.   It yvas one story and a half high, about  thirty feet  long, and
 twenty feet wide. Hospital  tents yvere erected upon the  grounds around, and the yvounded yvere brought in more rapidly than
 there yvas room for their reception.   *   *   This building would accommodate only about thirty-five patients, yet it had a greater
 capacity than any other building in the village.  In some yvere the yvounded  of the enemy only,  in others yvere both friends and
 foes,  yvhile others yvere occupied by our oyvn men exclusively.  In  all,  the yvindows yvere feyv and very small, admitting little
light and an insufficiency of air, even when the sash frames yvere entirely removed.  *  *  The yvounded lay upon their blankets
or on  the naked floors. Water yvas scarce, and those yvho had lost largely of blood, suffered for yvant of it.  The  wounds yvere
mainly produced by rifle balls and by the sabre already described.  A number yvere killed by one stroke of this weapon, and  I 
 
 
REPORTS  OF  SURGEONS McGUGIN  AND  HUBBARD.
341
saw several yvho had been severely wounded by it.  The gunshot wounds yvere mainly produced by the ordinary squirrel rifle,
yvhile a feyv yvere from cannon ball.  The cavalry yvere yvounded more frequently in the upper part of the trunk or the face, upon
the head and superior extremities.  The corps of surgeons yvas not sufficient for the number of yvounded.   The yvounded of my own
regiment, to the number of seventeen, yvere collected and placed in our regimental  hospital tent.  The  afternoon of Friday the
7th yvas spent by me at the hospitals near the main road, yvhich consisted of two  one-story log houses, one of  which had two
apartments, and the other but one.  There was neither kitchen nor out-house to either of them.  These were nearer the right,
yvhere the battle raged most fiercely the afternoon of that day, than those at Leetoyvn;  and to these and other hospitals even
nearer  the  field, the  yvounded yvere brought in  the afternoon and evening. These houses  accommodated  but few, and were
objectionable on account of insufficient light and ventilation.  Hospital tents yvere erected upon the grounds around.  In some of
these the rebel yvounded yvho had been taken prisoners were placed, and one of their surgeons who had  been taken prisoner was
assigned to  them.   The yvounds in a large majority of these cases yvere of a serious  character.  They yvere produced by cannon
ball,  grape and the conoidal ball.   Several regiments of  the enemy were armed yvith a heavy rifle knoyvn as the Mississippi rifle.
This yvas a  formidable yy-capon, and at  short range would produce severe and unsightly wounds. They yvere mainly upon the
loyver extremities.  Flap amputations yvere preferred by most of the surgeons. A number were performed on the thigh;  one at
the upper third yvas performed by myself.  Several amputations at the lower third were necessitated by the mangled condition
of bones and soft parts beloyv the knee.  Many yvounds  yvere produced by  small rifles or squirrel guns.  These yvere usually
on the trunk and upper extremities.  There yvas a deficiency of pure yvater at these hospitals also, and we yvere forced to bring it
in casks  from the creek, half a mile distant.  All the  houses within three miles of the field yvere taken for hospitals.  Some
of these sheltered both our oyvn yvounded and those of the enemy.  In one I found both white men and Indians.  *   *  Most of
these houses yvere but one story high, and but one consisted of more than two rooms; all were badly lighted and poorly ventilated.
They contained but feyv of the ordinary domestic appliances,  and were wholly wanting in the usual necessaries found in more
settled  regions.   The surgeons yvere  compelled  to rely upon their oyvn limited resources for dressings, bandages and other
appliances.   Oyving to the number of wounded and the limited supply of hospital tents, these small houses and cabins yvere much
overcroyvded, and the yvant of dry straw yvas an additional cause of discomfort to the yvounded.  The deficiency  of medical and
hospital supplies caused great embarrassment to the medical corps.  *  *  Friday  night the two armies lay upon their  arms;
but the surgeons, yvhere they yvere fortunate  enough to procure light, proceeded with their yvork, and few, if any, of them slept.
*  *  Next morning the battle yvas reneyved, and continued until about eleven o'clock A. m., when the  enemy gave  way. Our
killed and wounded were not as  numerous as the  day previous; but the character of the yvounds were  as serious, most of them
having been received at short range. The wounded received prompt  attention, and by noon  all were  cared for as far  as our
limited appliances yvould permit.   The number of the enemy's surgeons was small, and it was feared that much suffering  among
his wounded yvould result.  General Curtis therefore expressed the wish that such of our surgeons as could be spared should assist
them in caring for their yvounded.   *  *  The next day our wounded were ordered  to be removed to  Cassville, and the work
was begun  with the ambulances  and yvagons.  The distance  yvas about twenty miles, and the road passing through a broken
country, yvas rough and uneven.   It required three or four days to complete this task.  Although all prudent care yvas observed
in their removal, yet there yvas more or less suffering experienced by them in their transit, as I yvas afterward informed.  Surgeon
Benjamin J. Newland, of  the 22d Indiana Volunteers, yvas placed in  charge at Cassville, and as soon as all  the wounded yvere
sent forward, the army moved to Camp Stevens, two miles distant, upon Sugar Creek.  *  *  In this engagement we had thirteen
officers and one hundred and  ninety privates killed, and fifty-two officers and nine  hundred and sixteen men wounded.  Total,
two hundred and three killed, and nine hundred and sixty-eight wounded."
CCLXXXJV.   Second Extract from  a Narrative of his Services on  the Medical  Staff.   By
      Surgeon  George  H. Hubbard,  U.  S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  " Late in October, 1862, I was ordered to report to General Schofield, commanding the army of the Frontier, and
was on duty as director of that army corps from November 7,1862, to  February 2, 1863, yvhen I was relieved and assigned to duty
as director of the district of south-west Missouri.  Nothing of importance  occurred till the battie of Prairie Grove, Arkansas,
December 7,1862.  The 1st  division of the army of the Frontier yvas under the direction of Surgeon  J. E. Quidor, U. S. V.,
until some time after the battle; the 2d and 3d divisions, numbering about seven thousand men, were under my medical direction.
They marched about ninety-five miles after Thursday morning, December 4th, and went into action, yvithout resting, at noon of
Sunday December 7th.  They were of course very much fatigued, but in the highest moral condition.  Many of the regiments
had be"en in service for more than a year without having been in action, and all made the march stimulated yvith the prospect of
an en-a-ement, and it may be stated that every man physically or morally incapable failed to reach the field.   Supplies of medical
and hospital stores were abundant.  By my express order each regiment marched with sixty days' supply of all essential articles,
and I took with me an abundance of everything needed after an engagement.   Ambulances yvere plenty and were promptly
at hand yvhen wanted.  The hospital tents of the regiments were with the train, but were not needed for the use of the wounded,
as an abundance of small buildings were at hand to receive those of them who needed protection, but the mildness of the weather
was such that there was no  suffering from exposure.  The  battle-field was Crawford's Prairie, bounded on the east by I hnois
Creek, which was easily fordable for ambulances and by stepping  stones for men  on foot    The medical officers yvere  stationed
near this ford, thus enabling them to examine each man as he came off the field.   The ambulances took  all yvho could not yvalk
from this place to  the small buildings in the rear.  As this point was  little exposed to the fire of the enemy, though in immediate
proximity to the field, the promptest attention was paid to the wounded without accident to medical officers or ambulances. _ The
battle ceased at  dark, and the ambulances immediately went over  the yvhole field  bringing away every  man  not previously
removed  so that  before morning every wounded man had  been  placed in a comfortable  situation and properly attended to.
Water yvas abundant and pure;  but little food except hard bread was to be obtained till Monday, when soups were  prepared for 
3-42                    APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—OPERATIONS  IN  ARKANSAS.
all.  I will here remark that I believe more harm is done from too much food and too  free use of stimulants yvith yvounded men
than from the yvant of an adequate supply.  I believe that many lives yvere lost after the battle from this cause, while I have no
reason to believe that  any one died from  a yvant of these articles.  Most of the wounds yvere received during charges'upon
batteries, in very close conflict, and from  arms of various character, from the Enfield rifle to the double-barrelled shot gun; but
the majority yvere caused by the conoidal ball with a wooden plug, made at Birmingham, and the range being so short, most of
the balls passed entirely through, causing lacerated yvounds of a terrible character.  On Monday I ordered all the wounded to be
Bent to Fayetteville, ten miles distant, as fast as possible, where I proceeded to establish a general  hospital, to which all yvere
conveyed yvithin three days.   Primary amputations yvere performed as fast as it was possible to reach the cases; but the number
yvounded in so short a time rendered it impossible, with the limited number of medical officers, to prevent too great delay in many
cases.  The earlier the operations were performed the better the results.   Chloroform was the anaesthetic with no accidents from
its use.   In the 2d and 3d divisions one hundred and fifty yvere killed and six hundred and four were yvounded.  I remained at
Fayetteville six weeks after the battle.  About the 25th of December the general hospital yvas placed in charge of Surgeon Ira
Russell, U. S. V., and I afterwards had little more than a nominal direction of its affairs."      *       *      *
CCLXXXV.   Extract from a  Report  on  the  Operations of the  Medical Department  during
      the Battle of Prairie  Grove, Arkansas.   By Surgeon Ira Kussell,  U.  S. Volunteers.
      *  *   #   "rphe battle of Prairie Grove, Arkansas, yvas fought December 7, 1862, by the combined forces of Generals
Herron and Blunt against the rebel army under General Hindman.  General Blunt, with a force of several thousand  men, had
been, for a few  days  previous to the fight, at Cane Hill.  Constant skirmishing had been going on, and the day before the
battle his pickets had been withdrawn to the eastern side of the Boston Mountains.   Expecting an attack, orders had been issued
to General Herron, then nearly one hundred and six miles distant, to join him at once by forced marches.  General Herron, with
his entire force, left his camps near Twin Springs on the 4th of December, and early on the morning of the 7th his cavalry*arrived
at Illinois Creek, near the battle-field, while his infantry was on the road stretching back as far as Fayetteville, distant  ten miles.
The  7th  Missouri Cavalry  held the advance while the 1st Arkansas (Union) Cavalry was at breakfast in its rear  and near
the creek.  Suddenly, about seven o'clock A. M., a portion of the 7th Cavalry came dashing through the latter regiment, thereby
creating a panic.  Indeed it yvas afterwards reported that men from both regiments continued their retreat as far as Elkhorn
Tavern, thirty-five miles away.   About one hundred of the 7th Missouri Cavalry were taken prisoners.  Both regiments then
successfully resisted the approach of the enemy's cavalry. Later  in the day, the infantry began to arrive on the  field,  and at
about ten o'clock A. si. by cutting roads, artillery was got into position  and opened fire for the purpose of feeling the enemy.
After a cannonade of an hour or more, firing ceased.  About tyvo o'clock P. m. General Herron's remaining troops having come up,
the lines were formed, the artillery again opened and the battle began.  General Herron's command, which bore the brunt of the
battle and sustained the heaviest loss, consisted of the 19th and 20th Ioyva, 37th and 94th Illinois, 20th Wisconsin, 26th Indiana
Infantry regiments,  7th Missouri,  a part of the 8th Missouri, the, 1st Arkansas, and a body-guard of  the 1st Missouri Cavalry,
a company of the 1st Missouri Light Artillery, Murphy's and Peoria batteries, probably amounting in all, as they yvent into  battle,
to three thousand five hundred or four thousand men and eighteen pieces of artillery.  The 19th Ioyva, leaving camp  with over
eight hundred men,  went into battle yvith four  hundred and forty-five.  The battle-field was an extensive series of  improved
farms, skirted on the east by abrupt hills  covered with heavy timber.  The  battle  consisted of  desperate  attempts to take the
batteries  of the enemy posted on the hills.   The 19th Ioyva and 20th Wisconsin suffered principally in their charges up the hill and
into  an orchard yvhich was inclosed on three sides by the enemy in great force.  Within a space of two acres tyvo hundred men of
these regiments fell.  During this time General Blunt, at Cane Hill,  eight miles away and in the rear of the  enemy,  heard the
firing, and at once started off his trains, pushing his troops through to General Herron by a country road.  At four o'clock P. M.
he rushed in on the right flank of the enemy,  taking him by surprise, as a brigade had been left behind to attract his attention.
At once the fight became an artillery duel. The most  desperate attempts were made by the enemy to take  our batteries, but
were everyyvhere repulsed.   As the sun descended and twilight came on, it became apparent to the enemy that it was  necessary
to retreat.  The retreat began at ten o'clock P. si. and continued all night, being completed during the next forenoon.  Our total
force engaged, as per official report of General Blunt, yvas seven thousand men, yvith tyventy-eight pieces of artillery.   On the rebel
side  there were at least five brigadier generals under General Llindman.  General Blunt estimated the force of the enemy at twenty-
eight thousand men  yvith forty-five pieces of artillery.  Probably tyventy thousand men would be nearer the truth.  The Federal
loss yvas one thousand one hundred and forty-eight; being one hundred and fifty-four killed, eight hundred yvounded, about fifty
missing, and one hundred and fifty taken prisoners.  The 20th Wisconsin lost two hundred and seventeen men, killed,  wounded,
and  missing.  The  loss of the enemy was estimated by General Blunt to be three thousand.  The rebels  acknowledged a loss
of one thousand six hundred killed and wounded.  Such is a brief military history of the battle.   The total number of  wounded,
so far as knoyvn, yvas six hundred and thirty-nine, of yvhom seventy-five have died.
      The morale of the troops of General Herron's command, although reduced by a very severe forced march of three days
through a country abounding in small streams, yvithout bridges, was nevertheless very good.   General Blunt's forces were  in still
better condition  to yvithstand the fatigue of battle.   All the troops displayed great heroism, pluck, and energy.  The troops of
the enemy were  armed yvith Enfield rifles, Austrian muskets, shot guns, and a feyv squirrel rifles.  Most of the severer yvounds
yvere caused by conical balls; but the nearness of the contending forces at times gave to round balls nearly the same penetrating
and  crushing effect.   I  sayv conical balls of  three  sizes;  grape,  round  shot, round musket bullets of at least tyvo  sizes, and
buckshot.   The medical staff consisted of Surgeon  Quidor,  U. S. V., medical director of the army of the Frontier; Surgeon
Hubbard, medical director of General Herron's command, and the various regimental officers.   At the commencement of the battle,
Surgeon Hubbard ordered Surgeon Harvey, 19th Ioyva Volunteers, to occupy a house two or three miles from the battle-field for
a temporary hospital.   This  yvas out of range,  though an occasional shot passed near.  Hither the slightly yvounded repaired,
yvhile during the evening, night, and next morning the ambulances brought up the more severely injured.  Surgeon Bruner, 7th 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR SMITH.
343
Missouri Cavalry, a fine officer, yvas taken prisoner early in the day and labored among the enemy's wounded, performing several
operations.   Most of the yvounds he sayv yvere very severe.  Surgeon Harvey performed several operations in his field hospital,
but oyving to the lack of medical stores of every description, and there being but little room, it yvas decided to delay all operations
until the establishment of a general hospital.  Fayetteville  offered the only accommodations for this purpose, and thither the
removal of the yvounded at once commenced.   They yvere conveyed ten miles in ambulances and army wagons.   By the 10th all
but the slight cases treated in regimental  hospitals had been placed in two churches,  a masonic hall, a seminary, a  school room,
and three private residences.  On the 9th of December I  yvas ordered from Saint Louis to Fayetteville, accompanied by Surgeon
H. S. Churchman, U. S. V., and Acting Assistant Surgeon S. D. Carpenter, now Surgeon U. S. V.  We arrived on the 20th, and
on the 21st a general hospital yvas established by order of the commanding general, and I was  assigned to the charge of it, and
afteryvards to the medical directorship of the district."       *      *      *
CCLXXXVI.   Extracts from  the Sanitary Reports of the  Department of Arkansas for 1863,
      186-:, and 1SC>5.   By Surgeon J.  R. Smith, U. S. Army,  Medical Director.
      *  *  #  "P)urjng the latter part of July,  1863, preparations yvere commenced at Helena, on the Mississippi River, with
a vieyv to the capture of Little Rock, the capital of Arkansas, the headquarters of Major General Price, and the centre of rebel
operations west of the Mississippi.  Major General Steele, U. S. V., yvas  assigned to the command of the troops organizing for
that purpose; and the army of Arkansas, as it yvas termed, marched from Helena on the 15th of August.  Records showing
the exact numerical strength of the army are wanting.  It was hoyvever composed as follows: 1st division, consisting of cavalry
under Brigadier General Davidson, numbering about seven thousand men.  The  regiments comprising this division I am unable
to ascertain.  2d division, consisting of infantry and composed of the following regiments: 18th, 43d, 54th, 61st, 106th, and 126th
Illinoisf 12th Michigan, 22d Ohio, 27th Wisconsin, 40th Ioyva, and 3d Minnesota, under command of Colonel W. E. McLean, of
the 43d Indiana.  3d division consisting of the following infantry regiments:  29th, 33d, and 36th Ioyva,  43d  Indiana, 28th
Wisconsin, and 77th Ohio, under command of Colonel S. A. Rice, of the 33d Ioyva.   There was, besides, a separate cavalry brigade,
consisting of the 5th Kansas, and 1st  Indiana Cavalry, under command of Colonel Poyvell Clayton, of the 5th Kansas Cavalry,
and four batteries of artillery.   Surgeon J. C. Whitehill, U. S. V.,  the only staff-surgeon accompanying this army, was assigned
by General Steele as acting medical director.  Surgeon E. P. Smith, of the 7th Missouri Cavalry, was appointed surgeon-in-chief
to the 1st division; Surgeon H. M. Starkloff, of the 43d Illinois Infantry, to the 2d division; and Surgeon S. H. Sawyers, of the
36th Iowa Infantry, to the 3d division.  On the 9th of August a hospital and convalescent camp yvas established at Helena, under
Surgeon S. York, 54th Illinois Infantry, for the  reception of such sick of the  army as were unable to  accompany its march.
No records are in the department shoyving the number of  men sent to this  camp,  On the 17th of August,  the expedition reached
Clarendon, on the White River, whence most of the sick yvere sent back to Helena by steamboat; a few were placed in temporary
hospitals established at Clarendon.  August 24th, the army of Arkansas was  at Duvall's  Bluff, on  the White  River, and from
this point the sick were sent by water, to the Memphis hospitals.   On the 28th, a temporary hospital yvas established at Duvall's
Bluff; and on September 1st and 2d, the army again moved toward Little Rock, reaching the small village of Brownsville the
next day, where another temporary hospital yvas established.  Sloyvly the  army moved forward, its progress impeded by frequent
skirmishes, until Septembr 10th, when Little Rock yvas captured.  Little Rock had been yvell fortified to resist our approach, and
was garrisoned by an army  under Major General Price, reported to be twenty thousand strong.  General Steele, hoyvever, did not
attack the fortifications in front, but crossing a portion of his army to the southern bank of the Arkansas River, seven miles below
the city, he flanked the enemy and drove him out of his yvorks.  During the whole  expedition, including fights at Little Rock, and at
Bayou Metoe bridge, betyveen Duvall's Bluff and Little Rock, the number of killed and wounded on our side, yvas one  hundred and
sixty-three.   These figures I obtain from General Steele, as no records on  the subject are to be found in the office of the medical
director of the army.  Arrived at Little Rock September 10th;  a hospital was organized September 17th, in the buildings previously
used as such by the rebels.   These consisted of a large brick structure called St. John's College, as its name imports, originally
intended for educational purposes; and cut up into rooms illy ventilated and otherwise unadapted for a hospital.  On each side of this
building had been erected a long wooden structure, one story in height; and at the further extremity of each of these,  and running
backward at right angles thereto, tyvo long yvooden buildings had been constructed, each of tyvo stories, and each story constituting
a separate ward.  Within the parallelogram of three sides thus formed, yvere situated kitchen, mess-room and other out-buildings,
with privies in the rear.  The wooden wards of the hospital had a door at each  end, and side windows, without other means of
ventilation.  In addition to the above, a large room in the building erected and used by the Government before the war for an arsenal,
yvas also turned into a sick ward.  A number of sick and yvounded under charge of three medical officers, had been left in this hospital
by the Confederates when they retreated.   Such of these as yvere  in proper condition,  yvere at once sent to the military prison
hospital established at the State Penitentiary, where  they were placed in charge of a Confederate assistant surgeon, named
Rutherford.  The remainder were left where they yvere, to be treated with the sick of our own army.  This hospital yvas placed
under charge of Surgeon E. A. Clark, of the 8th Missouri Cavalry.   September 22d,  orders were issued breaking up the
hospital at Duvall's Bluff, and sending to Memphis all patients not likely to be fit for duty within sixty days; and  on the  8th of
October orders were issued to break up the hospital at Brownsville, its inmates and supplies being sent to Little Rock.  The
number of sick during the march from Helena to  Little Rock, I have no means of ascertaining.  The troops were without  tents,
and a large portion of their march was through swamps and marshes.  The concurrent testimony of many medical and other officers
of the expedition, with whom I have  conversed on the subject, is, that the percentage  of sick and mortality was unusually
great  *  * On the 10th of October, in obedience to orders, I reported to General Steele in person, and was at  once announced by him
as medical director of the army of Arkansas.  The army was constituted as before mentioned, with the addition  of reinforcements
sufficient to bring its strength to about nineteen thousand men.  This number is  estimated  and only approximate, but as near as
I can ascertain.  The main army occupied Little Rock,  detachments being stationed along the line of the railroad from Little 
341                     APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—OPERATIONS  IN  ARKANSAS.

Rock to Duvall's  Bluff; at this latter place on White River, at Leyvisburg  and Pine Bluff on the Arkansas, at Benton to the
south and  on the Saline  River.  The regiments yvere deficient in medical  supplies, yvhich yvere procured from  Memphis on
requisition  made by regimental  medical officers;  and only after long and vexations delays.  The alloyvance of the supply-table,
being insufficient for this climate, especially in the important article of antiperiodics, deficiencies yvere supplied by requisition-
ordinarily made out, only  yvhen the deficiency really existed.  Hence, during the period yvhich must  elapse betyveen sending
requisitions to a distant point and  the return of the medicines asked for, the commands yvere yvithout the articles required.   One
general hospital was in operation as before described; the surgeon ill charge was absent, having been ordered north  after hospital
supplies, and the hospital itself yvas in a sad condition as regards police, discipline, ventilation and supplies.   Vacancies existed in
the ranks of regimental medical officers, some being absent from their regiments, and in other cases appointments having never been
made.   Of the officers present some yvere manifestly unfit for their  places, though the majority yvere competent and industrious,
as yvas well proved by the  hard labor performed by them during the ensuing  summer.  A purveyor yvas at once appointed for
the army of Arkansas, and requisitions foryvarded to Memphis, both from regiments for articles of yvhich they had present need,
and from the  purveyor, for an ample supply to be stored for issue at  Little Rock.   Specific instructions were issued to the surgeon
in charge of  the general hospital  for the  improvement of its condition, and for its  future management.  Efforts were made to
secure the return of all medical  officers absent, and to procure the appointment of others  to fill all existing vacancies. A board
of medical  officers yvas appointed  in obedience to General Order 35, War Department, 1861, before yvhich a number of surgeons
and assistant surgeons yvere brought, and by yvhose action those yvho were found incompetent or inefficient, yvere dismissed from
service.  Medical boards yvere also organized  at various places, before yvhich yvere summoned  for examination all applicants
for sick leave or furlough,  and all  subjects for discharge on surgeon's certificate of disability.  Proper steps yvere taken  for the
organization of an ambulance corps, and no effort yvas spared to place the medical service in perfect uniformity with that of the
eastern armies.   I have already stated that I am unable to give any figures as to the amount of sickness in the army of Arkansas
prior to October, 1863. The first  consolidated report of sick and wounded to which I can refer, is for October 21st, and according
to this the  number of sick  was as  folloyvs:  in general hospital at Little Rock, four hundred and sixty-four; in regimental hospital,
tyvo hundred and  thirty-nine; in quarters, nine hundred and fifty-one.  Total, one thousand six hundred and fifty-four.  Aggre-
gate of army present, nineteen thousand.   Percentage of sick, 8.70.  The  most  sickly portion of the  season was now however
past, and the health of the army began to improve as shown by the  following statistics: November 10th, sick in general hospital,
three hundred and forty-six; in regimental hospital, tyvo hundred and  fifty-eight; in quarters, nine hundred and seven.  Total,
one thousand five hundred and eleven.   Aggregate strength of army present,  twenty  thousand.  Percentage of sick, 7.55.
November  30th:  sick in general hospital,  three hundred and fourteen; in regimental hospital, two hundred;  in quarters, six
hundred and  six.   Total, one thousand one  hundred and twenty.  Aggregate of army present, twenty-two thousand one hundred
and fifty-three.  Percentage of sick, 5.05.   December 16th: sick in general hospital, two hundred and fifty-three; in regimental
hospital, two hundred and four; in quarters, seven hundred and forty-four.   Total, one thousand tyvo hundred and one.  Aggre-
gate of army present, tyventy-two thousand one hundred and  fifty-three.  Percentage of sick, 5.42.  December  31st:  sick in
general hospital, tyvo hundred and eighty-six; in regimental hospital, tyvo hundred and twenty-eight; in quarters, eight hundred
and six.  Total, one thousand three hundred and tyventy.   Aggregate of army present, twenty-tyvo thousand one hundred  and
thirty-seven.  Percentage  of sick, 5.96.   These tables do not include the large numbers sent to Helena, Memphis,  and northern
hospitals during  August and September;  a number I am unable to state, but yvhich was  doubtless large.  During the months
to yvhich these tables  refer, the  army had been far  from idle.   Numerous  scouts and raids had been sent in every direction,
resulting in  constant skirmishes; quarters yvere built, consisting  of huts, generally rude  but comfortable,   These  yvere  not
uniform, but  were built according to the taste or wishes of the regimental  commanders, holding from four to twelve men each,
and averaging about tyvo hundred and thirty cubic feet to each inmate.  Fortifications were also erected by the labor of the troops,
at the different places occupied by them, and none of them yvere idle.  The morale of the troops was always excellent, and they
were confident in  themselves and their commander.  Their sanitary condition, bad during the early period of the campaign, soon
improved after the close  of active operations.    Medical and hospital supplies  yvere deficient from  the  organization  of the
army until the 21st of December, yvhen abundant supplies yvere received  by the purveyor, and were issued to the  regiments
as needed.   During  the march from Helena to Little Rock, the  army was without tents; after  the capture of Little Rock,
tents yvere  furnished  or huts built, so that the shelter yvas at least comfortable.   The supply of ambulances was sufficient.
They yvere distributed among the  brigades by Surgeon Whitehill before leaving Helena.  The sick and yvounded were carried by
ambulances to the temporary hospitals in the  rear, or to  steamboats on  Wliite River, yvhich  transported them  to Helena or
Memphis.   Complaint yvas rife  as to their care before  reaching the boats, but  no facts on  the subject have  come to my
knoyvledge.  During the early months of the expedition, the prevailing diseases were zymotic.   Intermittent and remittent, and
typho-malarial fevers constituted most of them.   Diseases of this class diminished in frequency, rapidly in October and subsequent
months, and were replaced by local diseases, conspicuous among yvhich were inflammatory diseases of the respiratory organs and
of the eye.  Rheumatism  also noyv made  its appearance.   The  monthly reports of sick and wounded from the regiments and
hospitals in this army yvere generally promptly forwarded to the Surgeon General, and to these I must refer for full particulars
as to the prevailing diseases, and their mortality.  *  *
       January, 1^04, yvas ushered in by  very  cold weather;  the  thermometer  fell  as  low as  12° below zero; the Arkansas
river  froze over so that trains crossed upon the ice.  Advantage was  taken of this circumstance to procure ice for the  coming
summer; yvagons and a detail of  men were furnished by order of General Steele;  an ice house situated in the town was taken
possession of, and the yvorking party at the pond whence the ice yvas procured and at the  house where it was stored was placed
under the immediate charge of Lieutenant F. Sommer, assistant engineer of the department, under yvhose direction more than two
hundred tons of ice yvere housed.  The severe yveather yvas of short duration, or more yvould have been secured.  This ice yvas
the main supply of the hospitals during the year 1864.  Some was purchased at Pine Bluff, Fort Smith, and Duvall's Bluff; the
latter came to grief: it yvas loaded in railroad cars and started for Little  Rock.  That very day  the nomadic Shelby  made  a
raid, tearing up the railroad betyveen Duvall's Bluff and Little Rock, and the ice melted in the cars.  *   * 
REPORT  OF  MEDICAL  DIRECTOR SMITH                              345
       Late in 1863 the small-pox made its appearance at Little Rock.  The first case occurred in the  person of a negro barber
 who. having been exposed to the contagion in Memphis, moved to this place yvhere the disease  appeared.  It slowly spread at
 first among the contrabands,  next among white citizens, and finally among the soldiers.  Early in January, 1864  I established a
 hospital for eruptive diseases in connection with the general hospital in this city and situated about a quarter of a mile  from the
 nearest house or camp.  Here all  cases of the disease occurring in the vicinity of Little Rock were  treated; vaccine virus had
 already been procured.  *   *  In January, 1864, I was ordered to Washington and was absent from the department  from the
 29th  of January to May 11th.   During my absence  a  large  expedition moved hence,  southward,  under General Steele for
 co-operation with General Banks.  General Steele was attacked by the enemy who had a large preponderance of force, and, after
 a desperate battle at Jenkin's Ferry, made good his retreat, though  almost  surrounded by Confederate forces, and arrived at
 Little Rock in safety, having lost largely in men and material of yvar.
       Upon my return to the duties  of medical director, I found no reports on file relating to this period, but I find a letter from
 Surgeon J. C. Whitehill, U.  S. V., dated May 11,  18t',4, reporting to the Surgeon General as follows: 'Herewith I transmit you,
 in duplicate, classified returns of yvounds and injuries received in the various actions that occurred during the recent expedition to
 Camden from this place; a  detailed account of the  expedition has, I am  informed, been furnished you by Surgeon Hubbard
 U. S. V., who was the medical director in the field.'  To these  returns and  reports I refer you for information of which I am
 ignorant.  I called, however, for  some  reports of the expedition to Camden  from medical officers, which reports are herewith
 transmitted.  The yvounded from General Steele's expedition had, at the date of my return, just been received and placed in hospital;
 a few at Pine Bluff, but the greater part at Little Rock.  At the latter place three private dwellings had been seized at the request
 of Surgeon Whitehill for the reception of the sick.  Neither churches, hotels, or other public buildings had been taken for the purpose;
 the buddings seized, like all private houses, were unfit for the reception of the sick, and I immediately caused hospital tents to be
 erected around the general hospital, and on the 28th of  May ordered the evacuation of private houses, the patients being transferred
 to the tents.  In the ill ventilated private houses, erysipelas appeared, and delayed convalescence from yvounds was the rule.  All
 my experience during this yvar convinces me that during the yvarm season of the year hospital tents are far preferable for hospital
 purposes to any buildings not specially erected and prepared for the reception of the wounded.   The majority of the wounded
 received furloughs at this time and  started for their  homes.  A number of wounded of our army in the actions of Mark's Mills
 and Jenkin's Ferry yvere  left in the  hands of the enemy upon the retreat of the army.  Surgeons  yvere left in charge of them,
 yvhose reports have already been transmitted to the office of the Surgeon General.  These yvounded received such provisions and
 medicines as the limited means of the rebels yvould permit.  These, hoyvever, yvere soon exhausted, when permission was granted
 by the rebel authorities for supplies to be sent from our lines.   I  accordingly caused ample stores of medicines, food, and clothing
 to be prepared, which were foryvarded by flag of truce  in charge of one of our oyvn medical officers, yvho yvas permitted by the
 officer in command of the Confederate forces to distribute the supplies himself to those of our wounded  in need,  to yvhose comfort
 I believe they were scrupulously devoted.  *' *
      In the latter part of August it was  reported by our scouts that unusual activity yvas manifested by the rebels to our south,
 and soon after it  yvas reported that they were massing upon the Saline River, with a view to an attack on Little Rock or Pine
 Bluff.   Due preparations yvere made to receive them  at either place.  Our army scattered through the  department, yvas ample to
 hold the more important and fortified posts, but was not sufficiently concentrated to assume the offensive.   General Steele soon
 became satisfied  that the object  of  General  Price was to cross the Arkansas  River someyvhere between Little Rock and Fort
 Smith and make a raid into  Missouri;  demands were, therefore, at once made by him for reinforcements sufficient to enable the
 army to assume an offensive attitude, to pursue and chastise the rebel army.  In the meantime, Price crossed the Arkansas River
 at Dardanelle with his army, consisting of about fourteen thousand men, mostly mounted, and seventeen or  eighteen pieces of
 artillery.   The Arkansas River was loyv and presented no obstacle, being easily forded.   Driving in our little outpost at Leyvis-
 burg, occupied by the 3d Arkansas Cavalry, Price passed nortlnvard into Missouri.   At the abandonment of Lewisburg no stores
 yvere lost;  the sick and appurtenances of the post hospital, yvith the other stores, being brought in safety to this place.   Early in
 September, but just too  late to intercept the raiders, reinforcements arrived  at Duvall's Bluff; consisting of a portion of the
 Seventeenth Corps, numbering  betyveen fifteen and sixteen hundred  men, and the 1st  division  of the Sixteenth Corps, under
 command of Major General Mower,  numbering not quite five thousand men.   The sick of these two  commands numbered six
 hundred and forty-four.  General Mower with his division pushed speedily foryvard in pursuit of Price, and did not again return to
 this department.   Such of his sick as needed hospital treatment yvere sent to the general hospital; for the remainder a convalescent
 camp was established, and they yvere, shortly, all transferred to the convalescent camp of their oyvn division, established at Memphis,
 Such medicines as were needed by General Mower's  command were issued by the purveyor here.   Of the  subsequent history of
 this division you  will have received  reports through other channels.   Early in November all  the available cavalry forces of the
 department were  assembled and sent up the Arkansas River to Dardanelle, in the endeavor to cut off Price in his retreat.   This
 latter general, however, found it more convenient to retreat through the Indian Territory, fording the Arkansas River with such
 forces as could be kept together between Fort Smith and Fort Gibson.  In connection with the raid of Price, a feint was made by
 the rebels as if to attack Fort Smith, in whose vicinity they appeared several thousand strong.  They attacked the 12th regiment
 of colored troops  about tyvelve miles west of Fort Smith, killing tyvo and wounding  thirteen.  Among the killed yvas  Surgeon
 C. J. Lee, 11th U. S. colored troops.  The only other military operation yvorthy of mention during the year, yvas as folloyvs:
 In June, Shelby with a force of Confederate troops assembled in northern Arkansas and southern  Missouri, marched to Clarendon
 on the White River, attacked a gunboat lying there, surprising  it early in the morning yvith  a battery commanding it from the
 shore, captured the gunboat  and sunk it.   A command of about three thousand men was immediately sent  in pursuit  under
 General Carr, which overtook the rebels near Pikeville, attacked and drove them off, pursuing them some miles and recapturing
 the artillery taken by them from the  gunboat.  Our  loss yvas thirteen killed and tyvo yvounded.   The expedition  then returned,
In August, an expedition of four thousand men under General West, marched to Augusta on White River, hoping to surprise a
force of Confederates said to be in that vicinity.   High yvater, hoyvever, prevented the crossing of White River, and the expedition
 returned without  fighting.  *  *
         44 
3 Hi
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS—BATTLE  OF VALVERDE.
      During the year 1S65, the Department of Arkansas yvas the scene of no considerable military operations.  The surrender ot
the Confederate forces under General Kirby Smith, speedily folloyved the surrender of the eastern armies.  Our own troops had
lieen, previous to the above named event, much reduced in numbers by transfer to distant departments, and during the latter part of
the year their number was still further reduced by muster out, to about eight thousand men.   *  *  No battles took place in the
department during the year.   In the latter part of January, an expedition yvas sent to the south-east from  Little Rock, consisting
of the 25th  Ohio Battery, the 1st  Ioyva and 1st Missouri Cavalry, the 43d Illinois Infantry, and  the 1st brigade, 1st division
Seventh Corps, under command of  Brevet Major General E. A. Carr.  This expedition was sent out in conjunction yvith. and to
drayv attention from, an expedition  sent by General Canby, for the purpose of releasing our prisoners confined at Tyler, Texas.
General Carr met yvith no enemy and returned in a feyv weeks.   In April a movement was  planned by Major General  Pope, to
start southyvard from Fort Gibson, Indian Territory.  The necessary preparations yvere made therefor, medical and other supplies
duly obtained, and Major General Blunt ordered to Fort Gibson to command the cavalry of the expedition; the whole to be under
command of Ma jor General Reynolds.  In consequence of the surrender of the southern armies, the movement yvas rendered
unnecessary. No other movements of military importance took place in this department during the year; the movements being
confined to changes of station of the different regiments to supply the places of regiments mustered out,  or otherwise meet the
exigencies of the service."      *      *      *
CCLXXXVII.   Extract from a Report on  the Operations of the Medical Department at the
      Battle  of  Valverde, New Mexico.   By Surgeon  Basil Norris, U. S. Army.
      #  *  *   a q-<|ie Daftie 0f Valverde was fought February 21, 1862; fifty-six men were killed and one hundred and forty-six
yvere sent from the field to the hospitals at Fort Craig.  The action commenced about nine o'clock A. M. and continued until four
o'clock p. m.  The battle-ground yvas about five miles from the fort, our troops having forded the river to engage the enemy.  All
the medical officers accompanied their respective columns; Acting Assistant Surgeon W.  M. Belt, U. S. A., having been previously
detailed as  Post Surgeon, remained in garrison.  Near  the hour of eleven o'clock A. M. I  left the depot of ambulances and,
accompanied by Assistant Surgeon J. If. Bill, U. S. A., in charge of eight  severely yvounded men, proceeded to Fort Craig to
prepare an  operating room and open our hospitals.   Assistant Surgeon J, H. Bill had collected the wounded here mentioned yvith
commendable zeal and activity.  Assistant Surgeon B. A. Clements, U. S. A., Surgeon J.  M. Whitlock, 1st Neyv Mexico Volunteers,
Assistant Surgeon J. II. Shout, 1st Neyv Mexico Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon S. Rankin, 2d New Mexico Volunteers, and Acting
Assistant  Surgeon E. A.  Arnold, U. S. A., continued on  the field  yvith  instructions to foryvard the wounded to hospitals.
Immediately on my arrival at the post,  assisted by Assistant Surgeon J. H. Bill and Acting Assistant Surgeon  W. M. Belt, U. S.
A., I amputated at the upper third of the thigh for round-shot fracture of the femur.  At this time I received a note from Assistant
Surgeon B. A. Clements, U. S. A., acting medical  director on the field, informing me that  twenty-two wounded  men were in
ambulances, and that at least eight additional wagons yvere required.  By the prompt assistance of Captain W. A. Van Vliet, A.
(}. M., the  necessary transportation yvas rapidly sent foryvard,  and also a large supply of blankets and bedsacks placed at my
disposal.   Ordnance Sergeant Jones ajnd the clerks and other employes of the  quartermaster's department  voluntarily placed
themselves under my command and  rendered valuable service by preparing beds, and in arranging for and assisting the wounded.
Wounded men continued to arrive throughout the day and until tyvo o'clock at night; some of them had fallen in the river, or yvere
helped by their companions through the yvater and yvere brought in thoroughly wet and  chilled.  Large fires were made in all the
hospitals and every attention yvas given to providing for their comfort.   On the  folloyving morning, in addition to the garrison
hospital, four temporary hospitals yvere  established and the folloyving medical officers placed in charge : Assistant Surgeon B. A.
Clements, U. S. A., Assistant Surgeon J. H. Bill, U. S. A., Assistant Surgeon S. Rankin, 2d Neyv Mexico Volunteers, and Actiug
Assistant Surgeon E. A. Arnold, U. S. A.  Acting Assistant Surgeon W.  M. Belt, U. S. A., continued in charge of the garrison
and assisted yvhenever his services were required.  Assistant Surgeon J. H. Shout, 1st Neyv Mexico Volunteers, rendered valuable
service by remaining on the field until late at night, and in consequence of his exertions at that important  time  became so much
indisposed  as to be  unable to  attend actively to duty until several days afterward, when he was placed in charge of a ward.  I
invited Surgeon Whitlock to assist in attending the yvounded, but he remained in charge of the ordinary duties of his regimental
hospital, and inasmuch as he had a short time previously, on a question of rank, officially objected to me as the medical director,
I did not choose to insist on his services.  Circumstances compelled me to delay the amputations until  eleven o'clock of the day
succeeding the battle; assisted by the entire medical corps, yve then performed seven amputations; two at the upper third of the
thigh, two at the lower third of the thigh, tyvo of the leg, (upper third,) and one of the arm above the elbow.  The cases amputated
at the upper third of the thigh, including the one performed on the first  day, died a few hours after the operation.  One of the
cases of amputation beloyv the knee died of gangrene of the stump on the third day.  Four of the fractures of the femur yvere put
up in splints, (Physick's modification of Dessaults,) aud up to this time the treatment promises the happiest results.   Three cases
of fracture  of the tibia yvere put up in fracture  boxes.  One case of gunshot wound opening the knee  joint and fracturing the
condyles of the femur, was put on double-inclined plane and bran pilloyv, in  consequence of the earnest objection of the patient to
the amputation  of the limb; a particular report of the case yvill hereafter be made.  I herewith inclose a list of the wounded yvith
the character of the wound in each case.  Before closing this report,  I desire to express my thanks to the medical officers who
cooperated yvith me in the discharge of  the arduous and responsible duties which devolved upon us.  It yvill, I am sure, detract
nothing from the merit of the medical  gentlemen of the volunteers, or those who are so efficiently acting with us, to say that
Assistant Surgeons B. A. Clements and J. II. Bill, U.  S. A., fully sustained  the reputation of their corps for practical knowledge
of their profesrion.   The  excellent  condition of our yvounded is due in good part to  the unremitting attention of our hospital
steyvards and attendants;  very favorable mention is due  Hospital Steward  John  Mcintosh,  U. S.  A.,  Acting Hospital Steward
Charles Erdman, U. S. A., Hospital Steward Philip Welch, 2d Neyv Mexico Volunteers, Hospital Steyvard  Godfrey Gauss, 3d
Neyv  Mexico Volunteers.  Acting Hospital Steyvard James  Cleland, company D, 3d  Cavalry, Acting  Hospital Steward Jacob
Mcrroyv, company B. 5th Infantry, and  Acting Hospital Steward George Dunn, company I, 3d Cavalry.  Hospital Steyvard John 
REPORTS  OF SURGEONS  NORRIS  AND  McNULTY.
347
Drennan, 1st Neyv Mexico Volunteers, though not on duty yvith the wounded in hospital yvas yvith  his regiment on the field and
yvas active and efficient in the discharge of his duties.         The character of the wounds  received in this action is shoyvn by
the folloyving summary: Contusions, eight.  Flesh yvounds: of head and neck, seven;  of trunk, eighteen; of upper extremity,
seventeen; of loyver extremity, fifty-three;  of arm, shoulder, and thigh, one;  of arm and thigh, tyvo; of testicle, one.  Fracture
of bones: of the face, three;  of the clavicle, one; of the upper extremity, five; of the lower extremity, nineteen.  Wounds of
lung, six; of brain, one.  Not specified, three."      *              *
CCLXXXVIII.   Extract from the Quarterly Report of Sick and Wounded at Fort Craig, New
      Mexico, for the Quarter  ending June 30, 1862.    By Surgeon Basil Norris, U. S. Army.
      *  *  *  "On the 24th of April, seventy-five of the yvounded of the battle of Valverde  were transferred  to general
hospital at Hot Springs near Las Vegas, two hundred miles from this post.  These patients yvere convalescent, only a few of
them requiring crutches.   On the 10th of May, sixteen of the wounded of the battle of Valverde yvere transferred  to general
hospital.   All of these men yvere able to yvalk yvithout crutches.   On the 17th  of June, seven of the yvounded of the battle of
Valverde yvere transferred to  general hospital.   Four of these cases yvere amputated above the knee, and three of them  had
recovered  from severe compound fractures;  tyvo of the  femur and one of the  internal  malleolus.  There were six  primary
amputations above the knee;  five of them died and one recovered.  There were tyvo primary amputations of the leg near the
knee; one of them died and one recovered.   There yvas one primary amputation of the arm above the elboyv; this case recovered.
There were six secondary amputations of the thigh; five of them recovered and one died.  Of the cases yvhich  recovered, four
were amputated at the upper third, and one at the loyver third  of the thigh.   The patient yvho died yvas  Captain Benjamin
Wingate, 5th U. S. Infantry.   His thigh was amputated at the lower third.   He died on the thirteenth day after the operation
from pyaemia.  Of the tyvo cases of compound fractures of the femur yvhich recovered,  one  of them was fractured  too high to
offer any hope  of recovery from amputation;  in the other case the patient would not submit to the operation."    *    *    *
CCLXXXIX.   Extracts from a Report on the March of the Column from California, from Fort
      Yuma  to  the Rio  Grande,  during  the Summer of 1862.   By Surgeon James M. McNulty,
      U.  S. Volunteers.
      *  *  *  "On the 22d of July, 1861, the President of the United States  approved an act of Congress, entitled ' An act
to authorize the employment of volunteers to aid  in enforcing the laws and protecting public property.'   Under this act, one
regiment of infantry and five companies of cavalry yvere raised in California.  These were called respectively the 1st Infantry
and 1st Cavalry, California Volunteers.   The troops were raised for the protection of the Overland Mail Route between California
and the Eastern States by yvay of  Great Salt Lake City.  The force was placed under the command of Brevet Major James H.
Carleton, 1st U. S. Cavalry, with the rank of Colonel.  The regiments rendezvoused at Oakland opposite  San Francisco,
California.  During the latter  part of August and the month of September, they had obtained nearly their full complement of
men.  Active preparations were made to put the command in the best condition for active field service, and by the 1st of October
everything was in readiness for the movement of the troops.  About this time the spirit of rebellion became manifest in California.
Treason stalked abroad.  In the southern part of the State, an open rupture yvas apprehended.  In  consequence of this condition
of affairs the command of Colonel Carleton was diverted  from  its original destination by General  Sumner, the department
commander, and moved to the disturbed district.  About the 1st of October, the command moved  doyvn the coast and formed a
camp near Los Angeles called Camp Latham.  On the 14th of October, three companies of the 1st Cavalry, California Volunteers,
under the command of Major Eyre of the same regiment, were ordered to relieve the regular troops stationed at San Bernardino.
This place was the  hot-bed of secessionism in California.   On the same day orders yvere received to send three companies of the
1st  Infantry, California Volunteers, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel J. R. West, to  relieve the regulars stationed at
Fort Yuma.   Regular troops stationed at different parts of the State were ordered to rendezvous at two points, viz.: San Diego
and San Pedro,  for the purpose of embarkation.  Orders had been issued by the War Department that regular troops on the
Pacific coast should be sent  to the seat of war  in the east.  Brigadier General E. V. Sumner,  at that time in command of the
department of the  Pacific,  yvas also ordered in.  On the departure of General Sumner, Colonel George  Wright, 9th U.  S.
Infantry, assumed command of the department.  The southern district of California yvas turned over by Colonel Wright to the
command of Colonel Carleton.
      During the  two succeeding months quiet  and order were  restored  throughout the  southern  part of the State.   The
distribution of the troops indicated to the disaffected the determination of the authorities to keep California  firmly in the Union.
On the 12th of January, 1862, Colonel Carleton was  summoned to San Francisco to consult with Colonel Wright in reference to
the  movement of troops into Utah.  Rumors  had reached  California that Van Dorn of the rebel  service, was fitting out an
expedition for the invasion of California by way of Arizona.  The fact was well established  that Arizona and a portion of New
Mexico were occupied by Confederate troops, and it  was apparent to all that California was more accessible through Arizona by
way of Fort Yuma, than in any other direction.  Fort Yuma,  located on the Colorado River, on the south-eastern line of the State,
is our extreme outpost.  Surrounded as it is by a vast desert, if once in the possession of an enemy, the key to the  State is lost.
In view of all  these dangers to the State and coast,  General Wright suggested to the War Department, that  perhaps the
government would  be best served by throwing the  California troops into Arizona to drive the rebels from that Territory.  A
double object yvould thus be gained:  First, an effectual guard yvould be kept against any invasion of the Pacific Coast from that
quarter.  Second, the California troops would fall on the flank of the Confederate forces then in New Mexico and assist the federal
troops in  expelling them from that Territory.   The  suggestions of  General  Wright were  favorably received  by  the  War 
348                 APPENDED DOCUMENTS—EXPEDITION  FROM  CALIFORNIA.

Department.   The feasibility ot the movement was so apparent that the consent of that department yvas at once obtained.  On
the receipt of the decision of the War Department authority was granted to Colonel Carleton to organize and fit out the expedition.
The  5th  Infantry California Volunteers, under the command of Colonel  George W. Bowie,  company A, 3d U.  S.  Artillery,
and a light battery under  the command of 1st Lieutenant John B. Shinn, of the U. S. Army, were added to Colonel Carleton's
command;  also Captain Crcniony's company, 2d Cavalry, California Volunteers.
      Active preparations yvere at once made for the movement of the column.  It yvas important that the troops should move as
soon as possible in order that they might receive the benefit of the cool winter yveather while passing over the Gila and Colorado
deserts.   The great distance from the  Pacific Ocean to the Rio Grande, the entire and  complete desolation of nearly the whole
route, presented  obstacles almost insurmountable to  marching a column of over tyvo thousand men, and the same number of
animals.   It yvas well knoyvn that forage and provisions could be obtained at but tyvo points betyveen  Fort Yuma  and the  Rio
Grande, in time of peace, and then in limited quantities, viz.:  at the Pimas Villages and at Tucson, and  it being known that the
enemy occupied one, if not both, of these points, it yvas necessary that preparations should be made entirely independent of them.
The  greatest difficulty appeared to be in  subsisting  animals.  Unless this could be done, rations could not  be furnished the
troops, and the expedition would necessarily fall to the ground.  With the  commencement of preparations came  unlooked-for
difficulties.   Not for tyventy years had a yvinter of such  severity occurred  in California.  The yvhole country yvas flooded and
hundreds of horses and cattle were mired in the open plains  and lost.  For yveeks it yvas almost impossible to  move a  vehicle of
any kind, and the movement of baggage trains yvas  out of the question.  In the meantime  commissary stores and forage yvere
sent  by sea to Fort Yuma, making this point a general depot  and base of operations.  The troops, during this terrible yvinter,
lived in tents.  As the rains subsided and the ground became more settled, the troops  yvere gradually moved towards Fort Yuma
by detachments of tyvo or three companies at a time.  A sub-depot was formed at Oak Grove, near the edge of  the Yuma desert,
one hundred  and twenty miles from Los Angeles, called Camp Wright.  From this point to Fort Yuma, one hundred and eighty
miles, is a continuous desert entirely destitute of vegetation, yvater very scarce, and generally of bad quality.  Before moving the
troops on this desert, Colonel  Carleton sent out parties and had the yvells  cleaned out and neyv ones dug in order that every
drop of yvater might be available.   Forage for the animals was deposited at different points betyveen  Camp Wright  and Fort
Yuma.  The troops were marched by companies, and one day apart.  At some of the wells there yvas so  little  yvater that it was
necessary to dip it out in a pint cup, thus consuming nearly a whole night in watering one hundred animals.
      In order that this desert may  be more  thoroughly understood, I  quote from the  notes of Lieutenant  Colonel West, of
the 1st Infantry, yvho marched the first three companies over.   His description of the  route  commences at Oak Grove, Camp
Wright, near the edge of the  desert:   'Left Camp Wright,  near Warner's  Ranche, at  seven  and a half o'clock A. m., marched
five miles over pleasant rolling roads and yvell wooded country to La Puerta, at which place found mountain stream, but no place
for a camp ground.  Thence,  by fair  road, without yvater, to San  Felippe, eight miles; pasturage good, but no wood;  yvater
neither over abundant nor good; camp ground inferior.  Left San Felippe at three and a  half o'clock A. M.  by heavy, hilly road to
Vallecito; road sandy, through bottom land, to first hill seven miles; thence  broken road six miles, a great  portion of which
is a canon with but one wagon track yvinding betyveen cliffs.  A very small force could oppose an enemy of far superior numbers.
The latter part of the road is more level; on the left side, and about half a mile  from the  road, is a spring that affords water
enough for fifty men; thence a small rugged  hill is surmounted, and a valley reached, five miles in length, with a sandy road to
Vallecito.  Water in fair supply;  no wood, but mezquite bushes; pasturage fair.  Left Vallecito at three and a half o'clock A. M.,
marched nine miles by heavy, sandy road to Palm Springs; water in limited supply and required to be prepared for the command;
the locality can be used as a camp.  Thence by heavy, sandy road to Carisso Creek; no pasturage.  The country has now become
a complete desert of most forbidding aspect.  The creek is a  small stream affording an abundant supply  of water of an inferior
quality.  The bottom land is filled yvith a stunted growth of mezquite and arrow bushes.  Left Carisso at eleven and a half o'clock
A. M., following the stream and constantly  crossing it; road heavy and sandy; thence over a level road with somewhat improved
travelling four miles to a short, steep hill; thence to a level plain with desert brush to Sackett's Well, last part of  the road fair
travelling,  the desert  complete, yvater good, but uncertain; in dry  weather it entirely disappears.   Left Sackett's Well at
quarter of six o'clock P.  si. through a  continuous desert, first five miles sandy; thence better travelling to Indian Well.
Indian Well is some thirty feet deep, water  good but in small quantities.   Signal  Mountain is a prominent  land-mark, bears
south-yvest about  fifteen miles; reached camp at eleven o'clock P. M., distance  fifteen miles.   Left at five o'clock P. M. for New
River Station; road a perfect level over an alkali plain, yvith a feyv patches of mezquite bushes;  road dusty and heavy for wagons;
yvell deep, water scarce and of inferior quality.  Started at five o'clock P. M. for Alamo;  road heavy, over a barren flat;  there is
a yvell some thirty feet deep, affording some yvater.  Left at four o'clock P. M. for Gardner's Wells;  no yvater; nine miles thence,
by same character of road and country, to Salt  or Seven Wells; yvater plenty but brackish.  Started at four o'clock P. M.; nine
miles to Cook's Wells; first two and a  half miles bad road; at Cook's Wells yvater and wood abundant and good.  Thence fifteen
miles to Pilot Knobs; camped on the bank of the Colorado at foot of mountain.  From  Cook's Wells the road is generally good,
through mezquite, flat, and the latter part through Indian Gardens;  distance tyventy-five  miles.   Started at one and  a half o'clock
p. m. ; the road folloyvs the Rio Colorado to Fort Yuma, distance ten miles;  road much  broken; reached  Fort  Yuma at four and
a half o'clock P. si.'
      I have been  thus  minute in detail in order that a correct idea may be  had of some of the difficulties  encountered in
marching troops across this desert.   It will be seen that nearly every  march  yvas made in  the night.  By starting at  four
or five o'clock in the afternoon  the march yvould  be accomplished before  daylight, thus enabling  the  men  to sleep a part of
the night.  The ground did not become sufficiently settled for the movement of Shinn's Battery until the 13th of April.  Previous
to this nearly all the command had been moved towards Fort Yuma, one company  only remaining to accompany the  battery.
Colonel Carleton arrived at Fort Yuma on the  29th of April; active preparations were made to move the command eastyvard
yvithout delay.  Water tanks,  holding six hundred  gallons each, were prepared to accompany each detachment.  Contracts yvere
made at Fort Yuma to have hay cut  and deposited at different points between the fort and the Pimas villages.  It was ascertained
that Tucson yvas still in the hands of the Texans ; their pickets extended down the Gila River to yvithin fifty miles of Fort Yuma; 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON  JAMES  M.  McNULTY.
349
hay deposited at different points by Colonel Carieton's agents yvas burned.  The Pimas Indians are an agricultural people and
cultivate large quantities of yvheat; knoyving this fact, and the importance of securing as much as possible, Colonel Carleton  had
been for some time in communication yvith an American living at these villages; he yvas directed  to purchase all the wheat the
Indians had.  A considerable quantity yvas thus accumulated, but before the advance of the column reached that point, the Texans
had destroyed it all, yvith the exception of a small quantity the  Indians  had cached.   This was a serious loss, but the growing
crops had not been molested, and Colonel Carleton was enabled to secure a considerable amount for his animals.   Two companies
of infantry and one of cavalry yvere sent foryvard towards the Pimas and Tucson;  as  they advanced the  Texans fell back to
Tucson.  The command followed  them to yvithin a short distance of that place, but not feeling sufficiently strong to attack them,
fell back to the  Pimas.  Lieutenant Colonel West yvas then ordered foryvard with four companies of infantry.
      The folloyving itinerary yvas made by this officer: ' To Gila City, seventeen miles; no grass or wood, camp on river; thence
to Mission Camp, eleven miles;  yvood, yvater, and a little  grass;  wood, water, and grass four miles further on.   From Mission
Creek  to Fillibuster is six miles, thence to Antelope Peak, nine miles; grass yvithin three-fourths of a mile; camp at station.
From this place to Mohawk Station, tyvelve miles;  no grass, camp on the river.  To Texas Hill, eleven miles; a little grass on the
Hill; station half a mile back from the river.  Lagoon Camp, fine water, wood, grass, and shade.  Thence to Brumell's Ranche,
eleven miles; very dusty and disagreeable, neither men nor animals can recruit much; at Grassy Camp, three miles distant, they
do much better.  From Grassy Camp to Berk's Station, six miles; a very poor camp; little better at Oatman Flat, eleven miles
further on.  From Oatman Flat to Kenyon's Station, eleven miles; poor camp, no grass; to Shady Camp, ten miles; everything
good.  From Shady Camp to Gila Bend, four  miles; yvood and yvater, but no grass; thence to Desert Station, twenty-two miles;
good yvood, no yvater or grass.   To the Tanks, seven miles;  same as Desert Station.  To Maracopa Wells, eleven miles;  plenty
of brackish yvater, some salt grass;  and from  thence to the Pimos Villages, eleven miles; roads fair with some sloughs.'
      The march from Fort Yuma to the Pimas Villages, yvas fatiguing  in the extreme.   The intense heat and  alkali dust was
almost intolerable ;  both men and animals suffered very much.   As fast as possible, the troops were pushed forward.  On  the
14th of May, Lieutenant Colonel West yvas sent foryvard by yvay of Fort  Breckenridge, with four companies of infantry.  This
fort yvas reoccupied, and the stars and stripes  again floated to the breeze.   From Fort Breckenridge, Colonel West proceeded to
Tucson, by yvay of Canada del Oro.  A description of the route is taken  from the notes of Colonel West: ' May 14th, left Fort
Barrett, Pimas, at seven o'clock a. m. ; road tends toward the river.   On the left hand  detached and irregular mountains from
five to nine miles to the  right.  Soil becomes sandy, and the country desert.  Grease-wood and mezquite abound, but no thickets.
The river is gradually approached and touched at  Sackaton Station;  there plenty of sacketon grass, a poor article for pasturage;
good camp on the river, road fine for marching and transportation.   Course, east, north-east.  May 15th, left Sackaton Station at
forty minutes past five o'clock A. m. ;  road parts from the river and leaves it  from one  to tyvo miles to the left,  mountain spurs
tend off south-east.   A  lone peak, about  a mile and a half long, is  detached, from  the main range.  The Butterfield road to
Tucson passes betyveen the peak and the main mountain.  A picket there can effectually watch both roads.  A small lagoon of
water is found at the north base.  The Picacho is plainly visible throughout the day's march.  Dense mezquite thickets, road fine
for marching and transportation.  Camp on the river in a cotton-wood grove,  one-quarter of a mile below Whites; good grazing
and fine.  Course, east by south.   May 16th, left Whites at fifty minutes past five o'clock A. M.  Road leaves the river and takes
the mesa, the ascent is gradual and road good for tyventy miles.   Thickets of cactus and palo verde.  At about tyventy miles a steep
descent leads to Dry Camp, a basin in the hills of some thirty acres in area; a trail makes out of this due north to Ojo Verde Springs,
four miles.  The Gila River is three miles further in the same direction.   Ojo Verde can be used; the yvater is inferior and not
abundant;  the  quality and perhaps the quantity could be  improved.   The spring is four miles off the road,  and the return must
be made by the same track.  Left Dry Camp  at forty minutes past six o'clock P. m., road turns off south-east up an arroyo; very
heavy sand for  about six miles, then gradual ascent for five miles, then more abrupt and up high hills.  At fifteen miles from Dry
Camp, a finger-post, marked water, points to the right.  Cotton-wood Spring is half a mile distant in a ravine.   The grazing is
fine, and water abundant for such a body of troops as this.   A lone cotton-wood tree prominently marks the  springs.  Course,
east by south and south-east.  May 17th, laid by.  May 18th, left Cotton-wood Spring at five o'clock p. M.  Road over rolling
hills five miles, good grass, then pass the summit, and the descent commences toward the  San Pedro River.  Sandy arroyo for
eight miles, and heavy  travelling; the road becomes a canon.   A walnut tree three miles west of Fort Breckenridge, marked
yvater,  stands in the middle of the road.   At this point the road to Tucson turns off square to the right, thence to San Pedro and
Fort Breckenridge.   The fort is  three miles to the  right, up  a canon.   Rocks from one to  three  hundred feet  high.  Pass
from twenty to seventy yards  wide, road extremely heavy. At this fort,  a fine stream, good grazing, and  abundance of wood.
Course  east by south.  May 19th, left Fort Breckenridge at forty-five minutes past five  o'clock a.  m.   Returned by the canon to
the walnut tree, thence  turned abruptly to the  left and south, up a  similar canon, which  gradually expands to open country.
Road for twelve mdes excessively heavy and sandy, thence  gently rolling hills  until the foot  of a mountain is  reached, on the
left at  seventeen miles from the walnut tree.  Thence for three miles the hills are sideling and difficult.  A steep descent of one mile
leads to Canada del Oro.  Camp on a fine mountain stream, grazing very fine, and  wood abundant.  This is a very difficult day's
march    Course north-west by south.  May 20th, left the Canada del Oro  at two o'clock p. M., road follows a ravine between the
mesa on the right, and a mountain range on the left; a good deal of sand but mainly a fair road; fine grass along the route.   At
fifty-five minutes past eleven o'clock the road  forks, left hand leading one mile to the Rmcon, a small running stream; fine camp;
grass immediately under the mountain.  Course, south-west. May 21st, left Rincon at thirty minutes past five o  clock A. m  road
tarns around the point of the mountain on the left, travelling rather heavy.  Sandy arroyo and then the ground becomes rolling;
about eight miles from Rincon a mesa covered with cactus and mezquite is reached; travelling improve^  Course, south-west and
south by east   Our troops entered and occupied  Tucson without firing a shot; at our approach the  Texans made a preciprtate
retreat   Colonel Carleton determined to collect the troops at this point for rest, drill, etc.; men and  animals required rest; wagons
wanted repairing, the dryness of  the atmosphere and the intolerable heat, having shrunk them to the point of falling to pieces.
Communication was opened with  Sonora for the purchase of flour,  grain, etc'  In the first part of  June all the troops composing
the column were in and about Tucson, with the  exception of a part of the 5th Infantry, left  to garrison Forts Yuma and Barrett. 
350
APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--EXPEDITION  FROM  CALIFORNIA.
      There is another and more direct road leading from the Pimas Villages to Tucson; this road  yvas taken by  Lieutenant
Shinn and tyvo companies of infantry.   The folloyving description of the road is given by Lieutenant Shinn. 'June 1st, left camp
at Fort Barrett at fifteen minutes past four o'clock P. m. with battery, one ambulance, one yvater and eight transportation yvagons,
loaded to three thousand six hundred pounds yvith ammunition, flour, forage, etc., eighty-seven men, and one hundred and fifty-three
animals.  Road on Gila River, fine for transportation of heavily loaded wagons; no yvater, no grass; vegetation, mezquite and grease-
yvood.  At Sackaton Station, very dirty.  Encamped on river at eight P. M., having marched nearly tyvelve miles. June 2d, filled
yvater tank (six hundred gallons) and left camp at Sackaton at tyventy minutes past four o'clock P. M.  Road leaves the river and
syveeps around from south-east by south, to south by east;  with.gradually ascending slope to summit, five and a quarter miles.
Between mountain spur and detached peak on left, tyvo miles of the road dusty; then soil changes from the alkali dust of Gila River
bottom, to mixture of sand and gravel, very hard and quite smooth.  From summit, Casa Grande in sight on desert to left; and
the Picacho straight ahead, south by east, thirty-one miles.  Desert continues to Oneida Station; road continues good.  At eight
miles, gravel replaced by hard alkali  clay; vegetation, mezquite, grease-yvood and cactus.  No yvater or grass on road.   Wood
plenty and sufficient for cooking. Near Oneida Station, yvhich is on the left, yvell on right of road, depth tyventy-nine feet, yvith
five feet of yvater.  Encamped there at forty-five minutes past seven o'clock P. M.  Train all in ten minutes later.  One hundred
and seventy-five buckets, equal to seven hundred gallons, were  taken from the well at the rate of ten gallons per minute, yvithout
apparently diminishing the supply.  The water is excellent, cold and syveet; the best this side of Fort Yuma.  Arrived and departed
during the night, having marched eleven miles; found no grass near station.  June 3d, left camp at four o'clock A. M.  Old marks
of surface water show a gradual rise of the desert toward Blue Water Station.  Road very  fine for marching, very little sand.
At six miles, halted from  forty-five minutes past five to forty-five minutes past  six o'clock  for  grass,  which may be found in
considerable quantities one hundred yards to the left, off road in belt of mezquite and arroyo leading east from that point, and said
to extend four or five miles in same direction.  Obtained sufficient  for a good night's feed.  The grass is grama yvith some little
gaeta.  The gaeta was also observed on the left of the road one mile further on; no water; vegetation, desert plants, mezquite, and
grease-wood.  Arrived and encamped at Blue Water Station at forty-five minutes past seven o'clock A. M.  Well, sixty-nine feet
in depth, with two and a half feet of water.  Drew water at the rate of six gallons per minute, for one and three-fourths hours;
watered ninety horses in same time, four gallons each, watered mules and horses again in the  afternoon.   Took from this well in
ten hours, over sixteen hundred  gallons of water, and left  the depth of water as  found.  It  will probably afford four thousand
gallons of water in twenty-four hours;  quality good, and water cool.  At four o'clock P. M.,  sent a detachment forward to clean
out yvell  at the Point of Mountain.   Wood plenty; some grama and a little gaeta reported to  exist in the mezquite, five hundred
yards north-west of the station.   Marched nearly ten miles.   June 4th, left Blue Water Station at ten minutes past two o'clock A. m.,
and expected to  march to Tucson, fifty-four miles, in the  next twenty-four hours; as there is no water on the road, and not
enough with the company to encamp on.  Some wagons remain loaded with three thousand six hundred pounds; morning quite cool,
and very fine for marching.  Road continues to rise to the Picacho.  At forty minutes past four o'clock A. M., 9.6 miles from
Blue Water; soil, clay water-washed and very hard and smooth, extends for miles on either side of the road.   Considerable dry
grama grass in the immediate vicinity and mezquite sparde.  At 13.9 miles passed graves of Lieutenant Barrett and two soldiers,
on left of road.   The chalcos (or water holes) now dry, are in the mezquite on the right of the road; here quite a thicket, some
grass but dry.  The road is now level,  or nearly so, for three or four miles.   At forty-five  minutes past six o'clock A. M., halted
at Picacho  Station on the right, and distant from Blue Water Station, 14.9 miles.   Saw a band  of antelopes near foot of peak;
no water at this point.  Consumed  about two  hundred gallons of water in tank, for which  had to wait half an hour; resumed
march at forty-five minutes past  seven o'clock A. M.; road begins to descend toward the south two miles beyond the Picacho, and
so continues to Point of Mountain.  A very  excellent road all the way; at 25.5 miles passed a deep well  (dry) on right, no water
ever found here.  High mountains on right, distant from thirty to one hundred miles;  and between mountain and road, valley
of Santa Cruz River; here only  an arroyo,  which-road crosses near Point of Mountain.   At  twelve o'clock M. and twenty-nine
miles, halted half an hour.   Met a messenger at thirty minutes past one o'clock P. M., and received notice of yvater in abundance
at Point of Mountain, where  command arrived and encamped  at fifteen minutes  past four o'clock P. M.  Station on right, and
yvell on left of road, water plenty, no grass, no wood at well,  and but little on last eight miles of road.   Used water brought
from Tucson on yvagons, and did not  thoroughly test the capacity of the well;  which is thirty-nine feet deep, with four feet of
yvater.  All agree in pronouncing it the best on the desert, and say it cannot be dipped dry.   March 39.1 miles.  June 5th, left
camp at three o'clock  A. M.  About five miles from Point of Mountain, dense mezquite thicket—a good cover for Indians.   At six
miles crossed arroyo of Santa Cruz.  River descending to left, quite dry, a litte sand, and some more at eleven miles; remainder
of road  very good, numerous cotton-wood trees on road this day, and much mezquite; no water.  Betyveen seven and ten miles
from Point of Mountain, much salt grass,  poor stuff for forage.  First five and last three and a half miles of to-day's march, very
fine  road of hard gravel.   Arrived at Tucson at forty-five minutes  past eight o'clock  a.  si. ;  march  fifteen miles.   Total,
86.7 miles.'.
      Tucson is about halfway between Fort Yuma and the Rio Grande, and contains a population of four, or perhaps five hundred,
mostly Mexicans; a few Americans and foreigners were living here, principally gamblers and ruffians, traitors to their country
—secessionists.  Colonel Carleton received  his promotion to the rank of Brigadier General of Volunteers, while on the desert, in
the early part of June.   On his arrival at Tucson, the Territory of Arizona was at once placed  under martial layv, and  a
proclamation issued to the people.  *   *
      A number of notorious characters yvere arrested, examined by  military commission, and sent to Fort Yuma.  Order
sprang out of disorder, and  in a short  time a den of thieves was converted into a peaceful  village.  In the meantime  General
Carleton yvas making  active preparations  to move his command to the Rio Grande.  Wagons  were repaired, stores collected from
Sonora, and everything put in as good condition as circumstances would permit after the severe march over the Yuma and Gila
deserts.   No communication, up  to this time, could be had with our forces in Neyv Mexico. The strength of the rebels and their
locality yvere entirely unknoyvn. Great  difficulty in communicating with  General Canby, at  that time in  command of the
department  of New Mexico,  existed on account of hostile Indians.  The Apache  nation occupied the whole country between the 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON  JAMES  M.  McNULTY.                           351
Rio Grande and Colorado River.  The great distance to be traversed through this country rendered it hazardous, if not impossible,
for any" small party to get through it.  General  Carleton endeavored to send an express to General Canby from Tucson.   The
party, consisting of three men, yvas attacked near Apache Pass and tyvo of the men yvere killed by the Indians; the survivor was
pursued some forty miles and barely escaped;  he was captured by the Texans near Mesilla, and the dispatches to General Canby
fell into their hands.  From these they learned the exact strength of General Carieton's command and the intended movements of
the column.  On the 22d of June General Carleton sent forward Lieutenant Colonel Eyre of the 1st Infantry, California Volunteers
yvith one hundred  and forty men; this yvas the  advance guard of the column.   With the exception of frequent skirmishing with
the Indians, and the loss of three men killed and  several yvounded at Apache Pass, the party met yvith no other enemy before
reaching the Rio Grande.  Apache Pass  is about midyvay between Tucson and the river;  it is through a spur of the Chi-ri-ca-hui
Mountains and is about  three and a half or four miles long.  In this pass  is a  fine  spring of yvater and a favorite haunt of the
Indians.  A company of infantry and a part of  a company of cavalry, yvith tyvo mountain hoyvitzers, fought the Indians at the
spring for four  hours.   A number of the savages were killed in the fight;  our loss was three killed and several wounded.  On
either side of this pass extends a plain from thirty to forty miles in width.   The Indians can see parties approach and lay in wait
for them.
      On the 20th of July, preparations  for the movement of the command having been completed, General Carleton issued
the folloyving general order:  ' The column from California will move to the Rio Grande in the following order: 1st. On the 20th
instant Colonel  Joseph R. West, 1st  Infantry, California Volunteers, with companies B, C, and K of his regiment, and company
G of the 5th Infantry, California Volunteers.  This command at the Rio de Sanz will receive the addition of company E of West's
regiment, and Thompson's mountain howitzers.  Major Theo. A. Coult, of the 5th Infantry, California Volunteers, is assigned to
duty with the command. Colonel West  yvill take forty thousand rounds of rifle-musket ammunition.  2d. On the 21st instant a
second command, consisting of Shinn's light battery U. S. 3d Artillery, and companies A, 1st Infantry, and B, 5th Infantry California
Volunteers, will take up its line of march for the Rio Grande. This command will be supplied with all the artillery ammunition
noyv here which pertains to Shinn's Battery, and seventeen thousand rounds of ammunition for the rifle musket.  3d.  On the 23d
instant a third command under Lieutenant Colonel Edwin A. Rigg, consisting of companies D, F, H, and 1,1st Infantry California
Volunteers, will start for the Rio Grande.  This command yvill have twenty-eight thousand rounds of ammunition for the rifle
musket.  4th.  Each of these commands yvill be supplied yvith subsistence for thirty days, yvith at least two tents for each company,
and yvith a good supply of entrenching tools.  Each command will also have one hospital  tent complete and an ambulance for the
sick and yvounded, and yvill have a forge and materials  for shoeing horses and mules and also a water tank and a good supply of
yvater kegs.   5th.  On the 31st instant a train of wagons, laden with forty days'  supplies of subsistence for the yvhole command, is
hereby ordered forward yvith the folloyving ammunition, viz.: forty thousand rounds for the rifle musket, thirty thousand rounds
for the Sharp's carbine, and twenty thousand rounds for the navy size Colt's revolver, together yvith such other supplies of clothing,
tents, tools, spare yvagon timbers, leather, yvagon grease, horse shoes, mule shoes, horse-shoe nails, stationery, &c, &c, as may
be required, yvill leave Tucson for  the Rio  Grande, escorted by companies A, 5th Infantry, and A, 1st Cavalry, California
Volunteers,  each furnished with sixty days' rations.  This command will  have an ambulance, forge, and water tank,  and  such
other articles as may be required to render it efficient.   6th. Company D, 1st  Cavalry, California Volunteers, will move  from
Tubac directly  for the crossing of the San Pedro, where it yvill arrive on the 22d instant;  from this point it will form the advance
o-uard of the column and habitually, unless otherwise ordered, yvill march one day in front of West's command.  7th. Captain
Cremony's Company, B, 2d Cavalry, California Volunteers, will march  near the head of the column to serve as flankers or as
videttes as occasion may require.  8th. The staff officers attached to the headquarters, except the chief commissary, yvill, until
further orders  move yvith West's command.  Surgeon Prentiss,  1st Cavalry, California  Volunteers, will move with the second
command and  Surgeon Wooster, 5th Infantry, California Volunteers, will move with Rigg's command.  9th.  The chief quarter-
master chief commissary, and medical director are charged with giving the most perfect efficiency possible to all matters pertaining
to the public service in their several departments, keeping in mind the fact that the column is presumed noyv to move forward
prepared at all  points to engage the enemy at any moment, by night or by day.   Let nothing be omitted or neglected which will
give due effect to this idea,  yvhether on the march or on the field of battle.'  *  *
      The strength and location of the  Confederates were unknoyvn, consequently the column yvas kept yvell in hand, the
companies marching  only one day apart.  For a  description of the country, I quote  from the notes of Colonel Eyre: 'June
21st  left Tucson at three o'clock A. m. with Captain Fritz, and Lieutenants Haden and Baldwin, 1st Cavalry California Volunteers,
and one hundred and forty men;  marched thirty-five miles to Cienegas delos Pinos, and camped at thirty minutes past twelve
o'clock P. M.; water  and grazing abundant.   Tbe road to-day is very good,  with the  exception of two or three hills.   At a
distance of about twenty-eight miles, the  road  descends into- the cienega; then  seven miles to yvater, near the burned station
which  stood on the hill to the right of  the road.  Course, south-east; thirty-five miles.  June 22d, left Cienega at six o'clock
A M  marched over a high rolling  country, but good yvagon road and splendid grazing all the way for a  distance of about
twenty-two miles  when the road descends through a canon for one mile, and then opens on  the San Pedro Valley.   Two miles
further the river is reached, at the  overland mail station.  Strong bridge over  the river; water and grass  abundant.   Course,
north-east ■ twenty-five miles.   June 23d, left camp at the crossing of the San Pedro at thirty minutes past seven o'clock a. m.
The  road at once leaves the river, and enters a valley about one mile wide and four miles  long, when it terminates at the foot
of the mesa  which is gained through a narrow  canon, in which is a long but not very steep bill.  The caiion  is about one and a
half  miles Ion" when the top of the mesa is reached;  then about fourteen miles to overland station at Dragoon Springs, at which
idacewe arrived at thirty minutes past twelve o'clock p. M. and encamped.  Found water sufficient, by digging, two miles up the
p      .   .  .,  .    i,:„u ,•„ fiiflRpult in some places to  lead animals over.   Course north-east; nineteen and a half miles.  June
canon, the trail  to wnicn is u»'^u" *        r          , ,   ,            j  . ■   j ■               e     ■.   c             i  i
     1 ft D  coon Springs  at thirty-minutes past ten o'clock A. M.; was detained m consequence of scarcity of water; marched
  1  '     r ?,  oyer an excellent road to Ewell's Station, arriving there at thirty minutes past five P. M.   Sent Captain Fritz
               . ,   nades to examine the spring in the mountain  north of the station;  he  had returned to station by the time
&\,   S1X    d  rrived and reported water enough for the men only.  Camped at six o'clock P. M.  Course, north-east; twenty- 
352                 APPENDED  DOCUMENTS--EXPEDITION  FROM  CALIFORNIA.

five miles.   June 2.">th, left Eyvell's Station at one o'clock a. m., marched fifteen miles over a very hilly, and in some  places
very rocky, road to  station in  Apache Pass, and camped at six o'clock A.  M.;  yvater scarce,  no  grass.  Course, north-east;
fifteen  miles.  About  tyvelve  o'clock M, yvhile I yvas  engaged at the spring superintending the yvatering of animals, it being
necessary to dip it yvith tin cups, four shots were heard in the  direction yvhere the horses  that had been yvatered were being
grazed under  a strong guard.   Immediately thereafter it yvas  reported that Indians yvere in sight, and that the guard  had
fired to give the alarm.  Almost immediately  thereafter it yvas reported to me that the Indians yvere yvaving a yvhite flag.  I at
once started for them, taking yvith me a white flag, and Mr. Neyvcomb as interpreter.  At the end of about an hour, I succeeded
in getting sufficiently near one of them to be understood.   I explained to him what I  desired, and asked for the chief.  By this
time about seventy-five to one  hundred Indians were in sight, many of them mounted on good looking horses, and all of them
armed  yvith fire arms;  some with rifles and six shooting pistols—of the latter I observed a great number, and occasionally single
barrelled shot guns.  When the chief came foryvard, I told him that yve were Americans and that our great captain lived in
Washington; that we  yvished to be friends  of the Apaches; that at present I was only travelling through their  country, and
desired he would not interfere with my men or animals; that a great captain yvas at Tucson yvith a large number of soldiers; that
he yvished to have a talk yvith all the Apache chiefs, and to make peace with them, and make them presents.  He professed a great
desire to  be friendly yvith the Americans,  and assured me  that neither my men nor animals should be molested.  He asked me
for tobacco, and something to eat.  I gave him all that could possibly be spared,  and we parted with a request on his part, that
I yvould meet him at the same place at sunset.  On my return it yvas reported to me that three men yvere missing.  A party of
thirty men yvere at once  sent out in the  vicinity of yvhere the firing yvas heard, and after an hour's search, the bodies  of the
missing men yvere found, stripped of all their clothing, and two of them scalped. Each was shot through the chest with fire arms,
and lanced through the neck.   They yvere victims of their own imprudence; the entire command having been repeatedly warned
by me, not to wander from camp.   It appears they had started, leading the horses from the spring where the watering yvas being
done, over the ridge into another gulch, yvhen they came on the Indians, and yvere murdered.  The Indians succeeded in getting
one horse.   When the bodies of our murdered men yvere  found, instant pursuit of  the Indians yvas made, some of yvhom were
seen on a hill half a mile distant; but being unable to come up yvith  them a  return to camp yvas ordered, carrying in the dead
bodies  which were buried—the entire  command being present.   The animals noyv being all watered, as far as was possible,
and there being very little grass in the pass, at  six o'clock P. M.  left camp;  marched out and made a dry camp on the plain,
tyvo miles beyond the canon.   Course, east, north-east; four miles.   At eleven o'clock p.  si. a volley of six or eight shots was
fired into camp, yvounding Acting Assistant Surgeon Kitridge in the head, and killing one horse at the picket line.  June 26th,
left Dry Camp No. 1  at thirty-minutes past three  o'clock A. M., marched fifteen miles over an excellent road to San Simon Station;
then turned square to the right, marched thirteen miles up the dry bed of the  river to a large cienega, and camped at two o'clock
p. si.  Course, east, north-east and south-east; twenty-eight miles.  This is a splendid camping place, water and  grass in the
greatest abundance.  The proper road to the  cienega  turns to the right from  the stage road, about six miles from Apache Pass,
and around the Point of Mountain it comes on the San Simon, one mile below the water.  At midnight camp was alarmed by a
shot fired by one of the guard.   On examination it yvas found to be a coyote, which he mistook  for an  Indian crayvling through
the scattered bushes, and  which he instantly killed.   This was a very hard day's march on men and animals, being obliged to
leave dry camp without breakfast, oyving to scarcity of yvater, having but eight five gallon kegs in yvhich to carry water for the
men; and not being able to get, at the pass, as  much yvater as the animals required.  June 27th, laid over.  June 28th, left camp at
Cienega of San Simon at four o'clock p. M., marched five miles to the pass in the mountain ; road heavy.  On arriving at the
pass found the road through it very good, and the pass yvide.  Marched fifteen miles from San Simon, and made Dry Camp No. 2
at fifteen minutes past  ten o'clock p. m.  Course,  north, north-east; fifteen miles.  June 29th, left dry camp at four o'clock a. m.
marched nine miles, over good road, to Lightendorffer's Well, in Round Mountain canon, well on right and close to road, it is about
eight feet square and seven deep, rock  bottom.   Halted at well  one hour.   Obtained a very limited  supply  of water for my
command.   This is a tolerably good camping  place for three companies of infantry.  By care they could  obtain sufficient yvater
which  is good.  Left Lightendorffer's at eight o'clock A. M., marched twenty-tyvo miles to Dinsmore Station, (Soldier's Farewell,)
and  at five o'clock p. M. halted.  Discovered here a small spring about two  or three miles up the arroyo, north of station, and
a hole  of bad yvater eight hundred yards south of station.   Left Dinsmore Station at eight o'clock P. M., marched fourteen miles
to Cow Springs, and  camped at tyvelve midnight; water and grazing abundant. The road from the Cienega of San Simon to this
place is good for loaded teams, excepting  four or  five miles to the pass.  Course, north-east;  forty-six miles.  Soon after leaving
Dinsmore Station found two men on the  side of the road, under rather suspicious circumstances; took three letters from them,
one directed to the Commander of the Federal forces at Tucson, or  en route.  Put the men in  charge of a guard and brought
them back.  Here discovered nine men camped, yvho proved to be a party sent  by Colonel Chivington, commanding southern
military district of Neyv Mexico, at Fort Craig, with a letter to Colonel Carleton; yvith verbal orders to deliver it to the commander
of the advance of his column when met with, and return to Fort Craig. Read the communication and returned Mr. Milligan and
one of his party with the answer to Fort Craig, at three o'clock p. m. on the  30th instant, at which  place he would arrive on the
evening of the 2d proximo.  *  *  From Mr. Milligan I learned of the capture of Jones, the expressman, by the secessionists at the
Picacho near Mesilla;  his two companions having been killed by the Indians at Apache Pass, and he himself chased by them for
a great many miles.  This information yvas brought to Fort Craig by a friendly Mexican, yvho yvas present at the capture of Jones.
June 30th, laid over.   July 1st, this morning  a number of men yvere discovered by the lookout, approaching from the direction ol
the Pino's Altos Mines; sent out a party and brought them into camp.  They proved to be a party of thirty Mexican miners returning
to Sonora, in consequence of  the almost total  absence of provisions at the mines.  Allowed them to proceed on their journey.
Left Coyv spring at eight o'clock A. M.   Arrived at the Rio Mimbres at one  o'clock P. M., and camped two miles above station;
yvater and grazing abundant and of the best quality; road good.   Course, north-east; sixteen miles.  July 2d, laid over.  At ten
o'clock this  morning one of the pickets discovered persons approaching camp; they yvere arrested  and brought in, tyvelve  men
and tyvo yvomen—one a German and the others Mexican.  They yvere also from the mines en route for Mesilla.   Ordered them to
be confined, in order to secure the secrecy of my movements.  At nine o'clock A. M. sent out a party of twenty men to examine 
REPORT  OF  SURGEON JAMES  M.  McNULTY.
353
Cook's canon, yvith orders to arrest, if possible, all  persons  they may meet yvith;  and to  remain at Cook's until the command
came up.  July 3d, left Mimbres River at thirty minutes past six o'clock a. m., marched tyvelve miles over a good road to Cook's
Pass; from here to summit, road hilly.   A long rocky, but not very steep hill, brings you to the top of the pass.  From there
the descent to the spring is good.  Distance from pass to spring, six  miles.  Course, north, north-east;  eighteen miles.  Here
came  up yvith the  party sent in advance yesterday.   They  reported no person in sight, and no fresh tracks.   July 4th, left
Cook's Spring at thirty minutes past six o'clock  a.  m., took Fort Thorn road yvhich keeps a  north, north-east course, while
the Mesilla road turns to the  right immediately at  the springs, and bears east, north-east passing the overland mail station,
yvhich is seen on the hill about half a mile distant.  Marched thirteen miles to Mule Spring ; good road.  Here no water could be
found even by digging; having sent a party in advance with spades for that purpose.  Left Mule Spring at twelve o'clock m.,
marched tyventy-tyvo miles to the Rio Grande, and camped at seven o'clock i>.  m. near Fort Thorn.  Course, north, north-east;
thirty-five miles.  The road  for about eight miles after leaving Mule  Spring is very good, it enters a rolling  country, the hills
becoming more and more abrupt, for a distance of about six miles, yvhen it ascends into a broad canon, which it follows, in a good
road,  to the river.   Immediately on making camp  the national  colors were raised amid the  loud  and  continuous cheers of the
assembled command.  This yvas the first time the stars and stripes floated on the Rio Grande below Fort Craig, since the occupa-
tion of the country by the Confederate troops; and  the day being the anniversary of our National Independence, yvas not calculated
to dampen  the ardor  of the command.  We are  noyv yvithin thirty-five miles  of  the  enemy, yvho the prisoners whom I have
taken variously estimate, from tyvo to eight  hundred strong.  As soon as the horses have recruited a little—they being consider-
ably reduced by a march of about three hundred miles, through a broiling sun, and over a country entirely destitute of yvater,
for distances ranging from thirty-five to sixty miles—I yvill reconnoitre his position  and endeavor to ascertain his strength, which
I have but little doubt of accomplishing, and in case he does not greatly outnumber me will give him a fight.  Moved three miles
doyvn the river and occupied Fort Thorn.'
       As soon as  the arrival of Colonel Eyre on the river  yvas known, the  Texans made a  hasty flight.   Their army was
completely demoralized, and Colonel Eyre's force magnified fourfold; what they could not carry yvith them was destroyed.  One
hundred and fifty sick and yvounded were left in hospital at Franklin, Texas, and the  neighborhood.  Colonel Eyre  crossed the
 river near Fort Thorn,  and pushed doyvn  toyvard  the retreating rebels.   He entered Las  Cruces, opposite Mesilla, and raised
the national colors.  Franklin yvas also occupied by  a detachment of his command.
       General Carleton.  with the head of the column, reached the river on the 8th of August. The time consumed on the march
being eighteen days.  The sight of  this beautiful  stream, after the many  days  of toil and suffering gladdened the hearts of all.
The last day's march  was particularly severe.  Over forty miles had been made by the infantry yvithout water, without a murmur.
The desert had been conquered, and the command arrived on the river in good fighting condition.  No deaths had occurred
betyveen Tucson and the river, and but few remained on the sick list.  General Carleton  crossed  the river at the point where
Colonel Eyre crossed. The river was so high that it could not be forded, and the only boats were  tyvo small scows made by
Colonel Eyre.  The animals syvam over.  This yvas successfully accomplished, none  were lost.   A rope yvas attached  to both
sides of  the boats  and extended to either bank of the river.   A number of men were stationed on both flanks.  By this means
they yvere enabled to pull the boat from shore to  shore.  The yvagons were unloaded, their  contents being ferried across in the
boats which were  hauled across by ropes.   In this  manner, each command as it came up, was crossed in safety.   Nothing was
lost or injured.  General Carleton moved the column doyvn  the river as  far as Las Cruces, Mesilla, and Franklin, taking with
him two companies of cavalry; he proceeded on down as tar as Fort Quitman, Texas.  From  there he dispatched a company
of the 1st Cavalry as far as  Fort Davis, distant from Fort Quitman, one hundred and thirty miles.  The Texans had abandoned
this post.  One man much emaciated yvas found dead; his body being  pierced in many places  with arrows.  This man had
evidently been left behind sick.  The sick and wounded Texans left behind at Franklin, yvere sent yvith an escort to San Antonio.
General Canby, at this  time  in command of the Department of New Mexico, had been ordered east;  and on  the  16th of
September, 1862, General Carleton arrived in Santa F6, and on the 18th  assumed  command of the department.   *  *  In this
march every thing yvas reduced to the smallest possible compass.  No tents were used by officers or men during the yvhole march.
Tyvo wagons yvere  allowed to a company.   In these were carried camp and garrison equipage, ten days' rations, mess furniture,
and every thing belonging  to  a company.   Every article  was weighed.  Officers,  from the general doyvn, carried each but
eighty pounds of baggage, including bedding, mess kit, etc.  The troops suffered very little from sickness.  The mortality yvas
very  small.  Not one single death occurred on the march of  the column from the Pacific Ocean to the Rio Grande, from the 13th
of April to the 8th of August, and but five deaths from disease in hospital during this time; tyvo at Fort Barrett, and three at Tucson.
Every possible care was observed  to guard against sickness.  This, together with the splendid personel of the men,  will account
for the success of the expedition, and the slight mortality attending it."
©
45 
 
                              TABLE  OF  CONTENTS
                                                 TO THE
                     -XPJPET^DIX,   PAET   I,
                                                 OP THE
MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  HISTORY OF  THE  REBELLION.
                                                                                                    Page.
I.  Eeport of the Events connected %cith the First Bull Eun Campaign.  By Surgeon W. S. King, U. S. Army, Medical
       Director of the Army under General McDoyvell.........................................................     1
II.  Eeport to General I. McDowell, Commanding the Department of Northeast Virginia, relative to  the Operations of the
       Medical Department at the Battle of Bull Eun.  By Surgeon W. S. King, Medical Director..................     6
III.  Extract from a Eeport of Services at the First Battle of Bull Eun.  By Assistant Surgeon C. C.  Gray, U. S. Army.     6
IV.  Extract from  a Eeport on the Duties assigned to him from  the  Outbreak of the Rebellion till May 1, 1863.   By
       Assistant Surgeon G. M. Sternberg, U. S. Army......................................................     8
V.  Extract from a Narrative of Services.  By Surgeon Zenas E. Bliss, U.  S. Volunteers...........................     8
VI.  Extract from a Narrative of Services.  By Assistant Surgeon  C. S. De Graw, U. S. Army.....................     8
VII.  Extract from a  Eeport of his Medical Services.  By Assistant Surgeon W. W. Keen, Jr., 5th Massachusetts
       Volunteers..........................................................................................     9
VIII.  Extract from a Eeport of Services after the First Battle of Bull Bun.  By Assistant Surgeon Charles R. Green-
       leaf, U. S. Army...................................................................................     9
IX.  Extract from a Narrative of Services from the Commencement of the Rebellion till July  18, 1863.  By Surgeon H. P.
       Stearns,  U. S. Volunteers...........................................................................     9
X.  Extract from a Eeport of Services from  April, 1861, to June, 1863.  By Surgeon C. F. H. Campbell, U.  S.  '
       Volunteers..........................................................................................    10
XL  Extracts from Eeports of the Wounded at the Engagement at  Ball's Bluff, Virginia, October 21, 1881. By Surgeon
       A. B. Crosby, U.  S. Volunteers......................................................................    10
XII.  Extracts from a Narrative of the Surgery at Ball's Bluff,  Virginia, and from a Eeport of the  Wounded of General
       Baler's Brigade at the Affair of October 21, 1861.   By Surgeon John A. Lidell, U. S. Volunteers..........    12
XIII.  Extract from a Narrative of Services.  By Assistant Surgeon R. F. Weir, U. S. Army.......................    13
XP7.   Extracts from Eeports relative to the Operations of the Medical Department in the Campaign in Western Virginia in
       the Summer of 1861.  By Surgeon J. J. B. Wright, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Department of Ohio.    13
XV.   Statement of the Killed and Wounded at  the  Battle of Carnifex  Ferry, September 10,  1861.  By Assistant Surgeon
       Horace R. Wirtz, U. S. Army, Acting Medical Director during the Action..............................    14
XVI.  Extract from a Eeport on the Duties assigned him from the  Outbreak of the  War till July 14, 1863. By Surgeon
       C. C. Dumreicher, U. S. Volunteers.................................................................    14
XVII.  Memorandum relative to the Wounded at the Affair at Great Bethel, Virginia, June 10, 1861.  By Surgeon A. H.
       Hoff, 3d New York Volunteers......................................................................    14
XVIII.  Extract from  Report from St. Aloysius Hospital, Washington.  By Assistant Surgeon Alexander Ingram,
       U. S. Army.........................................................................................
XIX.  Extract from a Eeport of his Services from June 1, 1861, to June 19, 1863, relative to the Battle of Wilson's Creeh.
       By Assistant Surgeon Philip C. Davis, U. S. Army....................................................    15
XX.   Extracts from Observations on the Battle of Wilson's  Creek.  By Assistant Surgeon H. M. Sprague, U. S. Army..    16
XXI.  Extract from a Eeport in regard to the Operations of the Medical Department in the Action at  Wilson's Creek.  By
       Surgeon E. C. Franklin, U. S. Volunteers............................................................    17
XXII.  Extracts from  a Report on the Regimental Hospital of the 22d Iowa Volunteers at Wilson's Creel: By Surgeon
       W. H. White, 22d Ioyva Volunteers..................................................................    17 
356
TABLE  OF  CONTENTS.
                                                                                                                Piure.
XXIIL   Extracts from a Eeport of his Services at the Battle of  Wilson's Creek.  By Assistant Surgeon S. II. Mf.i.chi.r,
        5th Missouri Volunteers..............................................................................    17
XXIV.  Account of the Operations of the Medical Department at the Battle of Belmont, Missouri.  By Surgeon John  H.
        Brinton, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director of the Troops under General  Grant,  stationed  in the District of
        Cairo and its Dependencies___.......................................................................    18
XXV.   Second Extract from a Narrative of Services from the Commencement of the Rebellion till July Id, 1863.  By Surgeon
        H. P. Stearns, U. S. Volunteers.....................................................................    22
XXVI.  Reports on the Battle at Mill Spring, Kentucky, and the Hospitals at Nashville, Tennessee.  By Surgeon Robert
        Murray, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Department of the Ohio..................................     23
XXVIL   Extract from a Narrative of Services in the Medical Staff, from July, 1861, to May 28,1863.  By Surgeon David
        P. Smith, U. S. Volunteers..........................................................................    24
XXVIIL  Account of the Campaign of the Army of the Tennessee, from February to June, 1862,  including the Capture of
        Forts Henry and Donelson, and  the Battles of Shiloh and Corinth.   By Surgeon John  H. Brinton, U. S. Vol-
        unteers, Medical Director of the Army of the Tennessee.................................................    24
XXIX.  Third Extract from a Narrative  of Services from the Commencement of the Rebellion till July 18,1863.  By Surgeon
        H. P. Stearns, U. S. Volunteers......................................................................    34
XXX.   Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Third Division of the Army of the Ohio at the Attack on
        Fort Donelson.   By Surgeon T.  W. Fry, U. S. Volunteers...............................................    35
XXXI.  Extract from a Eeport of his  Services in  the Fort Donelson Campaign.  By Surgeon J. G. Keenon, U. S.
        Volunteers..........................................................................................    35
XXXIL   Extract from  a Eeport of Medical Operations in the Second Brigade of the First  Division of the Army of the
        Tennessee, in the attack on Fort Donelson.  By Surgeon C.  Goodbrake, 20th Illinois Volunteers..............    35
XXXIIL  Report of the Regiments  constituting the Garrison at Fort Donelson, February, 1862........................    35
XXXIV.  Extract fi-om a Report relative to the Wounded on the Hospital  Transport Gladiator, after the Battle of Fort
        Donelson.  By Surgeon D. A. Dow, 4th Illinois Cavalry.................................................    37
XXXV.  Extract from a Report on the Wounded of the Eleventh Illinois Infantry in the Assault on Fort Donelson.   By
        Surgeon Owen M. Long, 11th  Illinois Volunteers......................................................    37
XXXVL  Report of the Operations of the  Medical  Department of the Army of the Ohio, during and after the Battle of
        Shiloh, Tennessee, on April 6 and 7, 1862.   By Surgeon Robert Murray, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the
        Army of the Ohio....................................................................................    37
XXXVII.  Extracts from Letters to the Surgeon General relative to the Operations of the Medical Department subsequent to
        the Battle of Shiloh.   By Surgeon  Charles McDougall,  U. S. Army,  Medical  Director of the Army of  the
        Tennessee...........................................................................................    40
XXXVIIL  Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Surgeon N. R. Derby, U. S. Volunteers..    40
XXXIX.  Fourth Extract from a Narrative of Services from the Commencement of the Eebellion till July 18,  1863.   By
        Surgeon H. P.  Stearns, U. S.  Volunteers..............................................................    42
XL.  Extract from a Narrative of Services in the Volunteer Medical Staff from June 21,1861, to July 1,1863.  By Surgeon
        George H. Hubbard, U. S. Volunteers..............................................................    42

XLL  Second Extract from a  Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff from  October, 1861, to June, 1863.   By
        Surgeon J. G. Keenon, U. S. Volunteers................................................................    43
XLII.   Second Extraat from a Narrative of Services in the Medical  Staff from July, 1861, to May 28, 1883.  By Surgeon
        David P. Smith, U. S. Volunteers....................................................................    43
XLIII.    Extracts from Memoranda for the Surgical History  of  the War.  Communicated by Assistant Surgeon B.
        Howard, U. S. Army...............................................................................    44

XLIV.  Extract from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Second  Brigade of the First Division
        of Illinois Volunteers, at the Battle of Shiloh   By Surgeon  C. Goodbrake, 20th Illinois Volunteers..........    44
XLV.   Report of the Operations of the  Medical Department of the Army of the Potomac, from its  Organization in  July,
        1861, until the Change of Base to the James River in July, 1882.  By Surgeon  Charles S. Tripler, U. S. Army,
        Medical Director.....................................................................................    44

XLVL  Memorandum of Instructions to Inspectors of Hospitals  in the Army of the Potomac, given by command of General
        G. B. McClellan.  By Surgeon  C.  S. Tripler, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac.    59
XLVIL  Memorandum of Instructions to Brigade Surgeons  of Volunteers  of the  Army of the Potomac, promulgated by
        command of General G. B. McClellan ; being General Order No. 30, Headquarters of the  Army of the  Potomac,
        October  3, 1831......................................................................................    59

XLVIII.  Extract from General Order No.  9, from the Headr/uarters  of the Army of the Potomac, in relation to the Duties
        of Commissaries of Subsistence in  connection with Brigade and Regimental Hospitals...........................    60 
                                             TABLE  OF  CONTENTS.                                       357


XLIX.  Extracts from a Eeport to the Surgeon General on the Sanitary Condition of the Army of the Potomac in November
        and December, 1862.  By Surgeon C. S. Tripler, U. S. Army, Medical Director...........................    60
L.  Extracts from a Eeport to General G. B. McClellan on the Hospitals of the Army of the Potomac,  in December, 1861,
        and January, 1862.  By Surgeon C. S. Tripler, U. S. Army, Medical Director.............................    61
LI.  Instruction* to Medical Directors of Army Corps of the Army of the Potomac.   By Surgeon Charles S. Tripler,
        U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac.................................                   62
LIL  Telegram  to  the Surgeon General, dated White House, May 18, 1862.  By  Surgeon C. S. Tripler, U. S. Army,
        Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac.................................                             63

LIIL  Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Peninsular Campaign.  By Surgeon J. F. Hammond, U. S. Army,
        Medical Director of the Second Army Corps.......................................                          63

LIV.  Report from  the Depot Hospital of the Fair Oaks Battle-ground.   By  Surgeon J.  F.  Hammond, U. S. Army,
        Medical Director of the Second Array Corps............................................................    65
LV.  Extract from a Letter to the Surgeon General's Offcc in relation to the Hospital Arrangements of the Second Corps in
        the Peninsular Campaign.   By Surgeon J. F. Hammond, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Second Army
        CorPs..............................................................................................    65
LVL  Extracts from a Narrative of his Services from the Outbreak of the Eebellion  to June 29,  1863.   By Surgeon J. B.
        Brown, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Fourth Army Corps........................................    66
LVII.   Extract from a Narrative of his Services in  the Volunteer Medical Staff.   By Surgeon  Charles  O'Leary,
        U. S. Volunteers....................................................................................    70
LVIII.  Extract from a Narrative of his  Services  in the Volunteer  Medical Staff.  By Surgeon O. A.  JuDSON, U. S.
        Volunteers..........................................................................................    71

LIX.  Extract from  a Narrative of his  Services in the Volunteer Medical  Staff.  By Surgeon  Edwin Bentley, U. S.
        Volunteers..........................................................................................    72
LX.  Extracts from a Personal Contribution to the Medical  and  Surgical History of the Eebellion.  By Assistant Surgeon
        A. A. Woodhull, U. S. Army.......................................................................    73
LXL  Second Extract from a Narrative of his Medical Services.   By Assistant Surgeon Charles R. Greenleaf, U. S.
        Army..............................................................................................    73
LXIL   Second Extract from a Eeport of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon Alexander Ingram,
        U. S. Army.........................................................................................    74
LXIIL  Extracts from a Eeport of his Services in the Medical Staff, from May, 1861, to May, 1863.   By Assistant Surgeon
        C. E. Goddard, U. S. Army..........................................................................    74
LXIV.  Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in  the Medical Staff, from December 20, 1861, to  May 29, 1863.  By
        Assistant Surgeon A. H. Smith, U. S. Army...........................................................    75
LXV.  Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon H. S. Schell, U. S. Army.    76
LXVI.  Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff, from April 24, 1861, to June 17, 1863.  By Assist-
        ant Surgeon H. E. Brown, U. S. Army...............................................................    77
LXVIL  Extract from a Narrative of his Services  in the  Medical Staff, from  December 3, 1861 to  June 3,  1863.  By
        Assistant Surgeon  Edward T. Whittingham, U. S. Army.............................................    79
LXVIH.  Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon W. E. Waters, U. S.
        Army..........................................................................................'"'
LXIX.  Extract from a Personal History of his Services  during the War.   By Assistant Surgeon W. C. Spencer, U. S.
          Army..........................................."................................................
LXX.  Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By Surgeon D. W. Hand. U. S. Volunteers...    81
LXXL  Extracts from a Narrative of his Services  in the Medical Staff.  By Assistant Surgeon J. V. D. Middleton,
        U. S. Army.........................................................................................    82
LXXII.  Extract from a Narrative of Us Services in the Medical Staff.  By Surgeon John W.  Foye, U. S. Volunteers.    82
LXXIII.  Eeport of the Operations of the Medical Staff of General SedgwicFs Division of the Second  Army Corps at the
        Battle of Fair Oaks.  By Surgeon John A. Lidell, U. S. Volunteers....................................    84
LXXIV.   Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in  the Medical Staff.   By Surgeon Zenas E. Bliss, U. S.
                                                                                   ... ........---------- ....    o5
        Volunteers........................................................
LXXV.  Eeport of the Operations of the Medical Department at the Battle of Fair Oaks.  By Surgeon Frank H. Ham-    ^
        ilton, U. S. Volunteers.....................................................................
LXXVI.   Second Extract from a Eeport on the Duties assigned to him from  the Outbreak of the Rebellion till May 1, 1863.
        By Assistant Surgeon G. M. Sternberg, U.  S. Army.................................................. 
 358                                        TABLE  OF CONTENTS.
                                                                                                              Pnjro.
 LXXVIL   Extract from a Report on the Surgery at Fair Oaks.  By Surgeon C. S. WOOD, 66th Neyv York Volunteers..    r*H
 LXXVIII.  Extract from a Report of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Surgeon J. D. Brum ley, U. S. Volunteers.    89
 LXXIX.   Second  Extract from a Eeport of his Services from June 1, 1861, to  June 19, 1863.  By Assistant Surgeon
         Philip C. Davis, U. S. Army........................................................................    89
 LXXX.   Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon John T. Reily, U. S. Army.    89
 LXXXI.   Extract from a Narrative of his Services  in the Peninsular Campaign.   By Assistant Surgeon J. Theodore
         Calhoun, U. S. Army...............................................................................    91
 LXXXIL   Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Army of the Potomac from July 4 to
         December 31, 1862.   By Jonathan Letterman, Surgeon U. S. Army, Medical Director Army of the Potomac.    92
 LXXXIII.  Second Extract from Memoranda for the Surgical History of the War.  By Assistant Surgeon B. Howard,
         U. S. Army.........................................................................................   104
 LXXXIV.  Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By Assistant Surgeon John T. Reily,
         U. S. Army.........................................................................................   105
 LXXXV.  Second Extract from a Report of Services.  By Assistant Surgeon C. C.  Gray, U.S. Army.................   105
 LXXXVL  Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Surgeon C. F. H. Campbell, U. S.
         Volunteers..........................................................................................   106
 LXXXVIL  Third Extract from a Report of his Services. By Assistant Surgeon Philip C. Davis, U. S. Army.......   106
 LXXXVIII.  Extracts from a Narrative of his Services.  By Assistant Surgeon James H. Peabody, U. S. Volunteers..   107
 LXXXIX.  Second Extract from  a Personal Contribution to the Medical  and Surgical History of the  Rebellion.   By
         Assistant  Surgeon A. A. Woodhull, U. S. Army.......................................................   107
 XC.   Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By Assistant Surgeon Alexander Ingram,
         U. S. Army.........................................................................................   107
 XCL  Extract from a Report on the Medical History  of the 103d New York Volunteers.   By A.  Steinach, Assistant
         Surgeon 103d New York Volunteers...................................................................   108
 XCII.  Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Army of Virginia.  By Thomas A. McParlin, Surgeon
         U. S. Army, Medical Director.........................................................................   108
 XCIII.  Extract from a Report.  By Surgeon J. Y. Cantwell, 82d Ohio Volunteers...............................   117
 XCIV.  Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical  Staff.   By Assistant  Surgeon Samuel Hart, U.  S.
         Volunteers..........................................................................................   117
 XCV.  Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon Philip Adolphus, U. S Army.   118
 XCVI.  Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical  Staff.  By Surgeon C. F. H. Campbell, IT. S.
        Volunteers..........................................................................................   118
 XCVII.   Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff during the Summer of 1862.  By Surgeon Thomas
        Antisell, U. S. Volunteers..........................................................................   119
 XCVIIL  Extracts from a Narrative of his Services.  By Surgeon N. R. Mosely, U. S. Volunteers..................   122
 XCIX.  Extract from a Report to the Surgeon  General.   By Assistant Surgeon Wm. P. Grier, U. S. Army...........   124
 C.  Report with regard to the Removal of the Wounded after the Second Battle of Manassas.  By Medical  Inspector R. H.
        Coolidge, U. S.  Army..............................................................................   124
 CI.  Memorandum with regard lo the Removal of the Wounded after the Second Battle of Manassas. By Assistant Surgeon
        J. J. Woodward, U. S. Army.......................................................................   127
 CII.   Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon John W. Foye, U. S. Volunteers.   127
 CIII.  Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon John T. Reily, U.  S.
        Army...............................................................................................   127
 CIV.   Third Extract from a Personal Contribution to the Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion.  By Assistant
        Surgeon A. A. Woodhull, U. S. Army................................................................   128
 CV.  Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services.  By Assistant Surgeon J. THEODORE Calhoun, U. S. Army___   128
 CVI.   Third Extract from Memoranda for the Surgical  History of the War.   By Assistant  Surgeon B. Howard, U.  S.
        Army...............................................................................................   128
 CVIL  Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services  in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon A. H. Smith, U.  S.
        Army..............................................................................................   129
CVIII. Extract from a Narrative of his Services.  By Assistant Surgeon Charles C. Lee, U. S. Army..............   130
CIX.   Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon H. S. Schell, U.  S.
        Army..............................................................................................   130 
                                             TABLE  OF  CONTENTS.                                       359

 CX.  Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By Surgeon J. T. Heard, U. S. Volunteers.......    131
 CXI.  Third Extract from a Narrative, of  his Services in the Medical  Staff.  By Surgeon John W. FOYE,  U. S.
         Voluuteers...........................................................                                   I„~
 CXII.  Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By  Assistant Surgeon C. Bacon, U.  S. Army...    132
 CXIII.  Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By Assistant Surgeon De Witt C.  Peters, U.
         S. Army...............................................................                                 -03
 CXIV.   Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By Assistant Surgeon Franklin Grube, U. S.
         Volunteers....................................................                                          ^ „„
 CXV.  Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By Assistant Surgeon Philip Adolphus
         U. S. Army................................................................                             ..00
 CXVI.   Second Extract  from a Narrative of his Services in the Volunteer Medical Staff.  By Surgeon Charles O'Leary,
         U. S. Volunteers.....................................................................                   - o4
 CXVII.   Second Extract from a Eeport on  the Medical History of the 103c? New  York Volunteers.  By Assistant Surgeon
         A. Steinach, 103d New York Volunteers..............................................................    I34
 CXVIII.  Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon C. M. Colton, U. S.
         Army........................................................................................'...'...'    134
 CXIX.   Extract from a Narrative of his  Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon J.  S.  Billings, U. S.
         Army..............................................................................................    135
 CXX.  Second Extract from a Narrative of his  Services.  By Surgeon J. T. Heard, U.  S. Volunteers.................    136
 CXXI.   Second Extract  from a Narrative of  his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon C. Bacon, U. S.
         Army........................*......................................................................    I37
 CXXII.   Third Extract from a Narrative of his Set-vices in the Medical Staff.  By Assistant Surgeon  Philip Adolphus,
         U. S. Army.........................................................................................    137
 CXXHI.  Second  Extract from a Narrative of his  Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon Franklin
         Grube, U. S. Volunteers.............................................................................    138
 CXXIV.  Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By Surgeon Charles O'Leary, U. S.
         Volunteers..........................................................................................    138
 CXXV.  Fourth Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By  Surgeon John W. Foye, U. S.
         Volunteers..........................................................................................    139
 CXXVI.  Extract  from  a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By Assistant Surgeon E. De W. Breneman,
         U. S. Army.........................................................................................    139
 CXXVII.  Fourth Extract from Memoranda for the Surgical History of the War.   By Assistant Surgeon B. Howard,
         U. S. Army.........................................................................................    139
 CXXVIII.  Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By Assistant Surgeon J. T. Calhoun,
         U.  S. Army.........................................................................................   140
 CXXLX.  Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services  in the Medical  Staff.  By Assistant  Surgeon C. M. Colton,
         U.  S. Army.........................................................................................   140
 CXXX.  Eeport on the Operations of the Medical Department during the Battle of Gettysburg.  By Surgeon Jonathan
         Letterman, U. S. A., Medical Director Army of the Potomac...........................................    140
 CXXXI.  Fourth Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon J. T. Calhoun,
         U.  S. Army.....................................-...................................................   142
 CXXXII.  Report on the Transportation of Wounded after the Battle of Gettysburg.  By Medical Inspector E. P. Vollum,
         U.  S. Army.........................................................................................   143
 CXXXHI.  Second Extract from a Narrative  of his Services in the Medical  Staff.  By Assistant Surgeon J. S. Billings,
         U.S. Army.........................................................................................   145
 CXXXIV.   Fifth Extract from Memoranda for the Surgical History of the War.   By Assistant Surgeon B. Howard,
         U.S. Army.........................................................................................   146
CXXXV.  Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By Assistant Surgeon C. Bacon, U. S.
        Army..............................................................................................   146
CXXXVI.   Extract from a Eeport with regard to the Battle of Gettysburg.  By Surgeon J. W. Lyman,  57th Penn-
         sylvania Volunteers..................................................................................    I47
CXXXVII.  Eeport of the Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac, from January 14 to July 31,  1864.   By Surgeon
        Thomas A. McParlin, U. S. Army................-.................................................   l4^ 
360                                        TABLE  OF CONTENTS.

                                                                                                               Page.
CXXXVIII.  Statement of Fund accruing from  Newspaper Tax, expendable by the Medical Director.  From January 28,
        1864, to November 21,1864............................................................................   167
( XXXIX.   Sciiedulk A.—Consolidated Statement of Articles and Quantities of Medical.and Hospital Property carried
        with the Army of the Potomac across the Rapidan,  May 4, 1864............................................   168
(XL.  Schedule B.—Consolidated Report of Means of Transportation, Clothing, Camp and Garrison Equipage, Army
        of the Potomac, May 1, 1864...........................................................................   171
CXLI.  Schedule C.—List of Articles and Quantities of Medical and Hospital Stores received at Belle Plain,  Virginia,
        May 10, 1864......................................................................................   172
 CXLII.   Abstract from the Consolidated Reports of the Ambulance Corps for the Months of May, June, and July, 1864...   172
CXLIII.  Report of the Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac from August 1, to December 31, 1864.  By Surgeon
        Thomas A. McParlin, IT. S. Army..................................................................   172
 CXLIV.  Extract from a Report of the  Operations of the Medical Department of the Cavalry during Kilpatrick's Raid.
        By Surgeon Charles E. Hacki ey, U. S. Volunteers...................................................   178
 CXLV.   Extract from a Report on  the Expedition of the  Cavalry  Corps during  May, 1864.  By Assistant Surgeon
        George M. McGill, U. S. Army....................................................................   179
 CXLVI.  Extract from a Report on the  Operations of the  Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac, from June 6 to
        July 1,  1864.  By Surgeon R. W. Pease, U. S. Volunteers..............................................   180
 t'XLVII.   Extract from a Report on the Operations of the Ambulance  Coips of the Fifth Army Corps during the occupation
        of the Weldon Railroad, August 18  to 21, 1864.  By Captain W. F.  Drum,  Chief Ambulance Officer  of the
        Fifth Corps.........................................................................................   180
 CXLVIII.   Extracts from the Report of the Acting Assistant Medical Purveyor of the Army of the Potomac for May and
        June, 1864.  By Assistant Surgeon Thomas  G. Mackenzie,  U.  S.  Army.................................   181
 CXLIX.  Extracts from the Eeport  of the Medical Director of the Second  Corps for May,  June  and July, 1864.  By
        Surgeon A. N. Dougherty, U. S. Volunteers..........................................................   182
 CL.  Extracts from the Report of the Medical Director of the Second Corps for August, September and October, 1864.  By
         Surgeon J. McNulty, U. S. Volunteers...............................................................   187

 CLL  Extracts  from the Report of the Depot Field Hospital of the Army of the Potomac, from May to October, 1864.  By
        Surgeon E. B. Dalton, U. S. Volunteers..............................................................   191
 CLII.  Extracts from the Report of the Medical and Hospital Department of  the Second Division, Cavalry Corps, Army of
        the Potomac, from July 19 to December 31, 1864.  By Assistant Surgeon E.J. Marsh, U. S. Army...........   194
 CLIII.  Extract from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department during the Expedition against the Weldon
         Railroad, December 7 to 12, 1864.  By Assistant Surgeon Charles K. Winne, U. S. Army.................   198
 CLIV.  Report on the Treatment of Diseases and  Injuries in  the Army of  the Potomac during 1864.   By Assistant
         Surgeon J. S. Billings, U S. Army..................................................................   199
 CLV.  Report of the Medical Director of the Army of the  Potomac, from January 1, 1865, to the Close of the War.  By
        Surgeon Thomas A. McParlin, U. S. Army...........................................................   202
 CLVI.  Extracts from the Report of the Medical Inspector of the Army of  the Potomac for March and April, 1865.  By
         Surgeon J. A. Lidell, U. S. Volunteers...............................................................   206
 CLVII.   Extract from the Report of the Depot Field Hospital of the Army of the Potomac from  March 27 to June 30,
        1865.   By Surgeon G. B. Parker, U.  S. Volunteers....................................................   210
 CLVIII.   Extracts from the Rtport of the Medical Director of the Fifth Corps from November 1, 1864, to April 30, 1865.
         By  Surgeon T. Rush Spencer, U. S.  Volunteers.......................................................   211
 CLIX.  Extracts from the Report of the Medical Inspector of the Fifth Army Corps for March and April, 1865.  By
         Assistant Surgeon Charles K. Winne, U. S. Army....................................................   212
 C LX.  Extract from the Rtport of the Surgeon-in-chief of the First Division, Fifth Corps.  By Surgeon W. R. De Witt, Jr.,
        U.  S. Volunteers....................................................................................   213

 CLXI.  Extract from the Report of the  Surgeon-in-chief of the Second  Division, Fifth Corps, from November 1, 1864, to
        April 30, 1865.  By T. M. Flandrau, Surgeon 146th New York Volunteers...............................   214
 CLXII.   Extract from the Report of the Surgeon-in-chief of the Third  Division, Fifth  Corps, from November 1, 1864, to
         April 30, 1865.  By W. O. McDonald, Surgeon U. S. Volunteers........................................   214
 CLXIII.  Extracts from the Report of the Surgeon  of the Artillery Brigade, Fifth  Corps.  By C.  F. Haynes, Surgeon
         U.  S. Volunteers................................-....................................................   215
 CLX1V.  Extracts from the Report of the Medical Director of the Second Corps, for  March and April, 1865.   By Surgeon
         Charles Page,  U. S. Army.........................................................................    215 
                                               TABLE OF  CONTENTS.                                        361
                                                                                                                 Page.
  CLXV.  Extracts from the Report of the Medical Inspector of the Second Corps, for March and April, 1865.  By Assistant
           Surgeon C. Smart, U. S. Army....................................................                      216
v/fLXVI.  Extracts from the Report of the  Operations of the Ambulance  Corps  of the Second Corps during March and
           April, 1865.  By Captain J. G. Pi:LT0N, Chief of Ambulances..........................................    219
  C LXVIL  Extracts from the Report of the Medical Inspector of the Ninth Corps for March, 1865.  By Assistant Surgeon
           Samuel Adams, U. S. Army........................................................                    220
  CLXVIII.  Extracts from the Report of the Chief Medical Officer of the Second Di vision, Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac,
          from January 1 to March 28, 1865.  By Assistant Surgeon E. J. Marsh, U. S. Army.......................   221
  CLXIX.  Extracts from the Report of the Medical Director of the Twenty-fourth Corps, Army of the James, from March 27
           to April 30, 1865. By Surgeon J. B. Morrison, U. S. Volunteers.......................................   222
  CLXX.  Report of the Medical Director of the Army of the Middle Military Division, from August 27 to December 31, 1864.
           By Surgeon  J. T. Ghiselix, U. S. Army.'.............................................................   223
  CLXXI.  Extract from a  Report on the Wounded at the Engagements at Cloyd's Mountain and New River Bridge.  By
           Surgeon G. M. Kellogg, U. S. Volunteers.............................................................   227
  CLXXII.  Letter of Transmittal of Lists of Casualties at New Market.  By Surgeon  J. V. Z. Blaney, U. S. V., Medical
           Director of the Department of West Virginia.............................................'..............   227
  CLXXIII.  Extract from a Letter relative to the Wounded at New Market.  By Assistant Surgeon Charles G. Allen,
           34th Massachusetts Volunteers........................................................................   227
  CLXXIV.  Extracts from a Report of the Casualties  in the Engagement at Saltville, Virginia, October 2, 1864. By Surgeon
           J. G. Hatchitt, U. S. Volunteers.....................................................................   228
  CLXXV.  Report of the Post Hospital at Winchester, Virginia, in May and June, 1862.   By Surgeon J.  B. Peale, U. S.
           Volunteers..........................................................................................   228
  CLXXVI.  Extracts from a Report on the Wounded at the Battle of Piedmont, treated at a Confederate Hospital at Staunton.
           By Assistant Surgeon William Grumbein, 20th  Pennsylvania Volunteers................................   228
  CLXXVIL  General Summary of Casualties at the Battle of Piedmont.  By Surgeon  Thomas B. Reed, U. S. Volunteers.   229
  CLXXVIII.   Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department at the Action near Winchester, on March
           23, 1862.  By Surgeon W.  S. King, U. S. Army, Medical Director........................................   229
  CLXXIX.  Report of the Killed and  Wounded at the Action near Winchester, March 23,  1862.  By Surgeon W. S. King,
           U. S. Army..........................................................................................   229
  CLXXX.  Report of  the Killed and Wounded in the Action near  Winchester, May 25,  1862.   By Surgeon Thomas
           Antisell, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director of the Department of Shenandoah...........................   230
  CLXXXI.  Extracts from a Narrative of Ids Services in the Medical Staff, from April, 1861, to April, 1862.  By Surgeon
           George E.  Cooper, U. S. Army.....................................................................   230
  CLXXXII.  Extracts from Report of the Casualties in a Skirmish at Coosaw River, January 1,1862. By Surgeon George
           E. Cooper,  U. S. Army, Medical Director Department of the South......................................   233
  CLXXXIII.   Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon D. C. Peters, U. S.
           Army...............................................................................................   234
  CLXXXIV.  Report  of the Operations of the Medical Department at the Occupation of Roanoke Island.  By Brigade
           Sura-eon W.  H. Church, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director.............................................   236
  CLXXXV.  Extracts from a Report on the Battle of Roanoke Island.  By Surgeon J. H. Thompson, U. S. Volunteers..   237
  CLXXXVI.  Extracts from Report of the Casualties at the Battle of New Berne.  By Brigade Surgeon W. H. Church,
           U. S. Volunteers, Medical  Director.....................................................................   237
  CLXXXVII.  Extracts from a Narrative of his Services during the War.  By Surgeon B. B. Breed, U.  S. Volunteers...   237
  CLXXXVIII   Extracts from Reports relative to the  Operations of the Medical Staff in the Department of North Carolina,
          from August, 1863, to the Close of the  War.  By Surgeon D. W. Hand, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director in
          North Carolina..................-....................................................
  CLXXXIX.  Extract from a Letter  to the Surgeon General relative to  Skirmishes near Kinston, North Carolina.  By
        "  Surgeon D. W. Hand, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director...............................................   241
  CXC.  Extract from a Report on the Casualties at Morris Island, in August and September, 1863.   By Surgeon Horace
          R. Wirtz, U. S.  Army, Medical Director of  the Department of the South..................................   241
  CXCI.  Extracts from a Report on Woundedafter the Assault on Fort Wagner, in July, 1863.  By  Surgeon J. J. Craven,   ^
           U. S. Volunteers---....................-......................
  CXCII.  Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By Assistant Surgeon John Bell, U. S. Army.   243
           +6 
362                                        TABLE  OF  CONTENTS.

                                                                                                                Piige.
C XCIII.  Extracts from a  R<port on the Operations of the Medical Staff in  the Expedition ending in  the Engagement at
        Olustee. Florida.  By Surgeon 10. SyviiT, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Department of the South......    243
CXCIV.   Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Department in Florida, in February,  1864.  By Surgeon
        Adolf aIa.ier, U. S. Volunteers.......................................................................    245

CXC V.   Extracts from a Narrative of his Services.  By Assistant Surgeon W. F. Cornick, U. S. Army...............    246
CXCVI.   Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the  Medical Department of the Union  Forces at the Action at
        Richmond, Kentucky, in August, 1862.   By Assistant Surgeon B. J. D. Irwin, U. S.  Army, Medical Director..    246
CXC VII.  Extracts from a Report en the Operations  of the Medical Department at the Battle of luka, September 19, 1862.
        By Surgeon A. B.  Campbell, U. S. Volunteers, Medical  Director Army of the Mississippi..................    248
L XCVIIL  Extracts from a Second Report of the Casualties at the Battle of luka, September 19, 1862.  By Surgeon A. B.
        Campbell, U. S.  Volunteers, Medical Director of the Army of the Mississippi.............................    248
 CXC1X.  Extracts frcm a Report en the Operations  of the Medical Staff at the Battle of  Corinth, October 3 and 4, 1862.
        By Surgeon A. B. Campbell, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director of the Army of the Mississippi.............    249
CC.  Extracts from a Second Report on the Casualties at the Battle of Corinth,  October 3 and 4, 1862.  By Surgeon  A. B.
        Campbell, U. S.  Volunteers, Medical Director of the Army of the Mississippi.............................   249
CCL  Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.   By Assistant Surgeon J.  C. G. Happersett,  U. S.
        Avmy...............................................................................................   250
CCII.  Extracts frcm a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By Surgeon J. G. Hatchitt, U. S. Volunteers..   250
CCIII.   Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services.  By Surgeon J. G. Keenon, U.  S. Volunteers...............   251
 CC1V.   Extracts frcm a  Report relative to the  Casualties at the Battle of Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862.  By
        Surgeon  George  G. Siiumard, U. S. Volunteers....................................................     251
C CV. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon  G. G. Shumard, U. S. Volunteers..   252
CCVI.   Extracts frcm a Report on the Care of the Wounded after the Battle of Perryville.  By  Surgeon J. G. Hatchitt
        U. S. Volunteers..........................................................................              053

CCVII.   R<port of the  Operations of the Medical Staff at the Battle of Murfreesboro', Tennessee.  By Surgeon E. Swift,
        U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Department of the Cumberland......................................   255
CCV1II.  Extract from a Report of the Casualties of the Centre Division of  the Fourteenth Corps at the  Battle of  Mur-
       freesboro'.  By Surgeon G. D. Beebe, U. S. Volunteers...................................                  259
 CC1X.   Extracts frcm  Reports of the Operations of  the Medical Department of the Left Wing of the Fourteenth Corps at
       the Battle of Murfreesboro'.  By Surgeon A. J. Phelps, U. S.  Volunteers...........................          259
CCX.  lixtracts from a Report of the Medical Staff of the First Division of the Twenty-first Corps at the Battle of Stone's
       River.  By Surgeon W. W. Blair, 58th Indiana Volunteers....................................             262
CCXL  Report on the Casualties of the Second Division of the Left Wing of the Army of the Cumberland at the Battle of
        Murfreesboro'.  By Surgeon M. G. Sherman, 9th  Indiana Volunteers, Acting Medical Director..............   263
CCXII.  Extracts frcm a Report on  the Surgery in the  Fourteenth Army Corps  after the Battle of Murfreesboro'.  By
        Surgeon C. J. Walton, 21st Kentucky Volunteers.................................                        264
CCXIII   Extract from a Eeport of Casualties in  the Eight Wing of the Fourteenth Army Corps at Murfreesboro.'  By
       Surgeon C. McDermont, U. S. Volunteers.........................................                      264
CCXIV. ^ Extracts frcm a Medical Report on the Murfreesboro'  Campaign.  By  Surgeon S. O. Himoe, 15th Wisconsin
       Volunteers......................                                                                         nr..
                                        ....................................................................   264
CCXV.   Extracts from a Report on the Medical Purveying at the Battle of Murfreesboro'.  By Assistant  Surgeon H C
       Barrell, 27th Illinois Volunteers...................................                                     265
CCX VI.
Report on the  Operations of the Medical Department at the Battle of Chickamauga.   By Surgeon G. Perin,
        U. S. Army, Medical Director___

 CCXVII  Report  on  the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Fourteenth Army Corps at the Battle of Chickamauga.
      By Surgeon F. H. Gross, U. S. Volunteers...................................                                268
 CCXVI1I.  Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the First Division of the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of Chicka-
        mauga.   By Surgeon S. Marks, 10th Wisconsin Volunteers..............................                    270
 CCXIX.  Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the Second Division of the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of Chicka-
        mauga.   By Surgeon R. G. Bogue, 19th Illinois Volunteers...........................................       272
CCXX.  Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the  Third Division of  the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of Chicka-
        mauga.   By Surgeon M. C. Tollman, 2d Minnesota Volunteers....................................          273
CCXXI.   Report on the Operations of the Medical  Staff of  the Twentieth  Army  Corps at  the Battle of Chickamauga.
        By Mn-geon Jabez Perkins,  10th Kentucky Volunteers......................            .....      ....    274 
                                             TABLE  OF  CONTENTS.                                         363

                                                                                                                Page.
CCXXII.  Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the  First Division of the Twentieth Corps at the Battle of  Chicka-
        mauga,  By Surgeon L. D. Waterman, 39th Indiana Volunteers.........................................   275
CCXXIII.   Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the Second Division of the Twentieth Corps at the Battle of  Chicka-
        mauga.  By Surgeon Charles Schussler, 6th Indiana Volunteers......................................   276
CCXXIV.   Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the  Third Division of the Twentieth Corps at the Battle of  Chicka-
        mauga.  By Surgeon D. J. Griffiths, 2d Kentucky Volunteers..........................................   277
CCXXV.   Report on  the Operations of the  Medical  Staff of the Twenty-first Army Corps at the Battle of Chickamauga.
        By Surgeon A. J.  Phelps, U. S. Volunteers............................................................   277
CCXXVI.   Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the  First Division of the Twenty-first Corps at the Battle of  Chicka-
        mauga.  By Surgeon W. W. Blair, 58th Indiana Volunteers............................................   278
CCXXVII.  Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of  the Second Division of the Twenty-first Corps at the Battle of
         Chickamauga.  By Surgeon S. G. Menzies, 1st Kentucky Volunteers.....................................   280
CCXXVIII.  Extract from a Report of the  Wounded of the Third Division of the Twenty-first  Corps at the Battle of
         Chickamauga.  By Surgeon Samuel D. Turney,  U. S. Volunteers.......................................   280
CCXXIX.   Extract from a Report on the Casualties in the Cavalry  Corps of the Army  of the Cumberland at the Battle of
         Chickamauga.  By Surgeon L.  A. James, 4th Ohio Cavalry..............................................   281
CCXXX.  Extract from a Narrative of his  Services in the Medical  Staff.  By Assistant Surgeon  Samuel Hart, U. S.
         Volunteers..........................................................................................   281
CCXXXI.   Extracts from a Report on the Hospitals at Chattanooga after the Battle of Chickamauga.  By Surgeon  Israel
        Moses, U. S. Volunteers..............................................................................   281
CCXXXII.  Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the  Medical Staff of the Second and  Third Divisions of the
         Eleventh Corps at the Battle of Wauhatchie.   By Surgeon D. G. Brinton, U.  S. Volunteers..................   282

CCXXXIII.  Extracts from a Report on the Hospitals of the Second Division of the Twelfth Corps at the  Battle of Wau-
         hatchie.   By Surgeon J. E. Herbst, U. S. Volunteers...................................................   282
CCXXXIV.  Report of the Operations of the  Medical Department at the Battle of Chattanooga.   By Surgeon GLOyTER
         Perin, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Army of the Cumberland....................................   283
CCXXXV.   Report on the Operations of the Medical Department at the Battle of Chattanooga.   By Surgeon John Moore,
         U. S. Army,  Medical Director of the Army of the Tennessee..............................................   284
CCXXXVI.  Extracts from Memoranda of Events in the Campaigns of the Army of the Cumberland about Chattanooga.
         By Assistant Surgeon Dallas  Bache,  U.  S. Army.....................................................   28'
CCXXXVH.   Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Fourth Corps  at the Battle of Chatta-
         nooga.  By Surgeon A. J. Phelps, U. S. Volunteers....................................................   29°
CCXXXVIII.  Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff in the First Division of the Fourth Corps at
         the Battle of  Chattanooga.  By Surgeon S. G. Menzies, 1st Kentucky Volunteers...........................   291
CCXXXIX.   Extracts from a Report of the Operations  of the Medical Department of the Third Division of the Fourth
        Army Corps,  in the Campaign from October 26, 1863, to January 18, 1864,  By Surgeon W. W. Blair, 58th
         Indiana Volunteers...................................................................................
CCXL.  Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Eleventh Corps  at the Battle of Chattanooga.
         By Surgeon D. G. Brinton, U. S. Volunteers..........................................................   293
CCXLI.  Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the  Medical Staff of the Second Division of the Twelfth Corps, at the
         Battle of Lookout Mountain.  By Surgeon A. Ball, 5th Ohio Volunteers...................................   294
CCXLII.  Extract from a  Eeport of the Operations  of the Medical Staff of the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of Chatta-
         nooga.   By Surgeon F. H. GROSS, U. S. Volunteers.....................................................   294
CCXLIII.  Extracts from  a Eeport of the Operations of the  Medical Staff in the First Division of  the Fourteenth Corps at
         the Battle of  Chattanooga.  By Surgeon B. F. Miller, 2d Ohio Volunteers................................   **>
CCXLTV.   Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff in the Second Division of the Fourteenth Corps
         at the Battle of Chattanooga.  By Surgeon H. R. Payne,  10th Illinois Volunteers..........................   29b
CCXLV.   Extracts from a Report of the Operations  of the Medical Staff in the Third Division of the Fourteenth Corps at
         the Battle of  Chattanooga.   By Surgeon R. G. BOGUE, 19th Illinois Volunteers.............................
CCXLVI   Extracts from a Report on the Casualties of the  First Division of the Fourth Corps at the Battle of Buzzard
         Roost.  By Surgeon S. G. Menzies, 1st Kentucky Volunteers............................................
CCXLVII   Extract from  a Report on the Casualties of the Second Division of the Fourteenth  Corps in the Action at
         Buzzard Roost, Georgia.  By Surgeon St. John  W. Mintzer, U. S. Volunteers............................   ~ J8
CCXLVIIL  Extract from a Report of the  Operations of the Medical Department of the Third Division of the Fourteenth
         Army Corps, in the Action at Buzzard Roost, Georgia.   By Surgeon ROSWELL G. BOGUE, 19thIllinois Volunteers.   298 
364                                         TABLE  OF  CONTENTS.

                                                                                                                Vnge.
CCXLIX.   Extract from a Report of the  Ambulance Train  of  the Fourteenth Corps, at Buzzard Roost.   By Captain
        William H. Collins. Chief of the Ambulance Corps...................................................    29>
CCL.  Report on the Operations of the Medical Department  of  the Army of the Cumberland, in the Campaign through
        Georgia, in the summer of 1864.  By Surgeon George E. Cooper, U. S. Army, Medical Director...........    299
CCLI.  Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Fourth Army Corps in the  Campaign in
         Georgia, in  1864.  By Surgeon J. Theodore Heard,  U. S. Volunteers...................................    302
CCLII.  Extracts from the Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Fourteenth Corps, from Big Shanty
        to Atlanta, Georgia, in 1864.  By Surgeon C. W. Jones, U. S. Volunteers.................................    303
CCLIII.   Extract from a Report on the Surgical Operations performed after the Engagement at Jonesboro'', Georgia.  By
        Surgeon Edward BATyvELL,  14th Michigan Volunteers..................................................    303
CCLIV.  Extract from a Report of the Casualties in the Fourteenth Corps at  the Battle of Jonesboro', Georgia, September
        1, 1864.  By Surgeon W. C. Daniels, U.S. Volunteers.................................................    3(14
CCLV.  Extract from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Twentieth Corps, in the Campaign ending
        with the fall of Atlanta.  By Surgeon John W. Foye, U. S. Volunteers..................................    304
CCLVI.  Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the First Division of the Twentieth Corps
        in the Campaign ending with the fall of Atlanta.  By Surgeon H. Z. Gill, U. S. Volunteers.................    306
CCLVII.  Extracts  from a Report on the  Operations  of the Medical Department of the Second  Division of the Twentieth
         Corps in the Campaign ending with the fall of Atlanta.   By Surgeon H. E. Goodman, U. S. Volunteers.......    306
CCLVIII.  Extracts from a Report of the Operations  of the Medical Department of the  Third  Division of the Twentieth
         Corps in the Campaign ending with the fall of Atlanta.  By Surgeon W. Grinsted, U. S. Volunteers.........   307
CCLIX.  Report on the Military Medicine, Surgery, and General Conduct of the Medical Department of the Army of the
         Ohio, from May 1, 1864, to September 8, 1864.   By Surgeon H. S. Hewit, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director..   309
CCLX.  Extracts from Reports on the Casualties of the Army of the Ohio, from May 8 to August 24, 1864.  By Surgeon
         H. S. Hewit, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director.......................................................   316
CCLXI.   Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the  Second Division of the Twenty-third
         Corps during the A tlanta Campaign.  By Surgeon J. W. Lawton, U. S. Volunteers........................   317
CCLXII.  Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Third Division of the Twenty-third
         Corps,  from June 11 to September 10, 1864.   By Surgeon C. S. Frink, U. S. Volunteers.....................   318
 CC LXIIL  Extracts from a Report on the Wounded in the Army of the Ohio during the Campaign in Georgia.  By Surgeon
         A.M. Wilder, U. S. Volunteers......................................................................   319
 CCLX1V.  Letter to the Surgeon General relative to General Sherman's Campaign from Atlanta  to the Coast.  By Surgeon
         John  Moore, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Department of the Tennessee..........................   320
 CCLXV.  Extracts from a Report of the Medical Staff of the  First Division of the Twentieth Corps, during the March from
         Atlanta to Savannah, in 1864.   By Surgeon H. Z. Gill, U. S. Volunteers..................................   320
 CCLXVI.  Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of General  Sherman's Army from January,  1865, to the
         Close of the War.  By Surgeon John Moore, U. S. Army, Medical Director................................   321
 CCLXVII.  Report of the Medical Department  of the  Army of the Cumberland, from September 1 to December 31, 1864,
         By Surgeon George E. Cooper, U. S. Army, Medical Director..........................................   323
 CCLXVIII.  Extracts from a Reportof the Operations of the Medical Department of the Fourth Army Corps atSpring Hill,
         Franklin, and Nashville, Tennessee.  By Surgeon J. T. Heard, U. S. Volunteers...........................   325
 CCLXIX.  Extracts from a Report of the Casualties in the Brigade composed of the 8th, 9th, and 13th Tennessee Cavalry
         Regiments at the Engagement at Bull's Gap, Tennessee.   By Surgeon A. L. Carrick, 2d Tennessee Cavalry___   326
 CCLXX.  Report of the  Operations of the  Medical  Department  of  the Cavalry Corps of the Military Division  of the
         Mississippi in Alabama and Georgia, from March 22 to August 20, 1865.  By  Surgeon F. Salter, U. S. Vol-
         unteers, Medical Director.............................................................................   327
 CCXXI.   Extract from a Report of a Medical Inspection of General Grant's Army, April 23,1863. By Medical Inspector
         E. P.  Vollum, U. S. Army...........................................................................   330
 CCLXXII.  Report of  the Medical Director of the Army of the Tennessee, from May 1 to July 4, 1863.  By Surgeon
         Madison Mills, U. S. Army.........................................................................    331
 CCLXXIII. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff.  By Assistant Surgeon C. S. DeGraw,
         U. S. Army.........................................................................................    333
 CCLXXIV.  Extracts from the Report of the Chief Medical Officer of Kimball's Provisional Division, for June, 1863.  By
         Surgeon J. C.  Whitehill, U. S. Volunteers...........................................................    334
 CCLXX\  .   Extract from a Report on the Actions  before Jackson,  Mississippi, from July 6  to 20,  1863.  By Surgeon
         Charles McMillan, C. S. Volunteers, Medical Director of the Fifteenth Corps...........................   334 
                                            TABLE  OF  CONTEXTS.                                        365

                                                                                                               Page.
CCLXXVI.  Extract from a Report on the  Battle of Baton Rouge, Louisiana.  By Surgeon Ezra Read, 21st Indiana
        Vol unteers..........................................................................................   335
CCLXXVII.   Extracts from the Reports of the Chief Medical Officer of the 2d Division, Nineteenth Corps.  By Surgeon
        Eugene F. Sanger, U. S. Volunteers................................................................   335
CCLXXVIII.   Extracts from the Eeport of the Medical Director of the Nineteenth Corps, for April, 1864.  By Surgeon
        Eugene F. Sanger, U. S. Volunteers.................................................................   335
CCLXXIX.  Extracts from the Eeport of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Army of the Military Division
        of West Mississippi, during the Campaign against Mobile, Alabama.  By Surgeon E. H. Abadie, U. S. Army,
        Medical Director.....................................................................................   337
CCLXXX.  Extract from  the Report of the Chief Medical Officer of the Forces  Operating from Pensacola Bay against
        Blakely, Alabama.  By Surgeon P. A. Willis, 83d Ohio Volunteers......................................   337
CCLXXXI.  Extract from the Report of the Medical Director of the Thirteenth Army Corps for  the Campaign against
        Mobile. By Surgeon C. B. White, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director....................................   338
CCLXXXII.   Extract from the  Report of the Medical Director of the Sixteenth  Corps for the Campaign against Mobile.
        By Surgeon W. H. Thom, U. S. Volunteers............................................................   339
CCLXXXIII.  Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Department during the Battle of Pea Ridge.  By
        Surgeon D. L. McGugin, 3d Ioyva Cavalry.............................................................   340
CCLXXXIV.   Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services on the Medical Staff.  By Surgeon George H. Hubbard,
        U. S. Volunteers.....................................................................................   341
CCLXXXV.   Extract from a Report on the  Operations of the  Medical Department during  the Battle of Prairie Grove,
        Arkansas.  By Surgeon  Ira Russell, U. S. Volunteers.................................................   342
CCLXXXVI.  Extracts from the Sanitary Reports of the Department of Arkansas for 1863, 1864, and 1865.  By Surgeon
        J. R. Smith, U. S. Army, Medical Director............................................................   343
CCLXXXVII. Extract from  a Report on the Operations of the  Medical Department at the Battle of Valverde, New
        Mexico.  By Surgeon Basil Norris, U. S. Army......................................................   346
CCLXXXVIII. Extract from the Quarterly Report of Sick and  Wounded at Fort Craig, New Mexico, for the Quarter
        ending June 30, 1862.  By Surgeon Basil Norris, U. S. Army..........................................   347
CCLXXXIX.  Extract from a Report on  the March of the Column from California, from Fort Yuma to the Rio Grande,
        during the summer of 1862.  By Surgeon James M. McNulty, U. S. Volunteers..........................   347
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