The American Academy of 
Medicine. 
Thirteenth Annual Meeting, held at the Leland 
Hotel, Chicago, on Wednesday and Thursday, 
November ry and ly, 1889. 
DR. DEARTUS CONNOR, OF DETROIT, 
in theThair. 
Reprinted from " The Journal of the American Medical 
Association," November 30, 1889, 
CHICAGO : 
Printed at the Office of the Association. 
1889. The American Academy of Medicine. 
Thirteenth Annual Meeting, held at the Leland 
Hotel, Chicago, on Wednesday and Thursday, 
November rg and z/, 1889. 
Dr. Leartus Connor, of Detroit, in the 
Chair. 
The officers for the year 1888-9 were the fol- 
lowing : 
President-Dr. Leartus Connor, Detroit, Mich. 
Vice-Presidents-Drs. Peter D. Keyser, Philadel- 
phia, Pa.; L. Duncan Bulkley, New York, N. Y.; 
Theophilus Parvin, Philadelphia, Pa.; George J.' 
Fisher, Sing Sing, N. Y. Secretary and Treasurer 
-Dr. Richard J. Dunglison, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Assistant Secretary - Dr. Chas. McIntire, Jr., 
Easton, Pa. Council-Drs. Traill Green, Easton, 
Pa.; Lewis H. Steiner, Baltimore, Md.; Henry O. 
Marcy, Boston, Mass.; Benjamin Lee, Philadel- 
phia, Pa.; Albert L. Gihon, U. S. Navy; R. S. 
Sutton, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Lewis P. Bush, Wil- 
mington, Del.; Frederic H. Gerrish, Portland, 
Me.; Leartus Connor, Detroit, Mich.; Peter D. 
Keyser, Philadelphia, Pa.; L. Duncan Bulkley, 
New York, N. Y.; Theophilus Parvin, Philadel- 
phia, Pa.; George J. Fisher, Sing Sing, N. Y.; 
Richard J. Dunglison, Philadelphia, Pa.; Charles 
McIntire, Jr., Easton, Pa.; Hosmer A. Johnson, 
Chicago, Ill.; Gershom H. Hill, Independence, 
la.; Justin E. Emerson, Detroit, Mich. 
First Day. 
After the reading of the minutes of the last an- 
nual meeting, and a verbal report of the Council, 
the Academy proceeded to elect a large number 2 
of Fellows, each applicant for admission having 
been endorsed by a Fellow of the Academy. 
The President appointed the following Com- 
mittee on Nominations : Drs. Traill Green, G. H. 
Hill, and Alonzo Garcelon. 
The following Reports were read from standing 
committees: Report of Committee on the Re- 
quirements for Preliminary Education in the va- 
rious Medical Colleges of the United States and 
Canada. By Dr. J. E. Emerson, Chairman. 
Report on Laws Regulating the Practice of 
Medicine. By Dr. Richard J. Dunglison, Secre- 
tary of the Academy. 
This comprehensive report was chiefly the out- 
come of an extensive correspondence with gentle- 
men in the various States and Territories of the 
United States and in Canada who were directly 
interested in the subject, officially or otherwise, 
and whose names had been suggested to him by 
the distinguished Secretary of the Illinois State 
Board of Health. It gave, therefore, a very ac- 
curate and interesting view of the working of 
such laws in the regions indicated. It alluded to 
the action of the Committee on Uniform Medical 
Legislation in the United States; of the American 
Medical Association at its late meeting at New- 
port ; to the recent legislation in New York State, 
by which a certain standard of preliminary edu- 
cation was required of all medical students : and 
to the detailed operations of the law in about 
twenty of the States of this country. 
In Kentucky, the law was generally observed, 
as it is in North Carolina. In Florida the law 
has the great defect of requiring every applicant 
to produce a diploma from a recognized medical 
college, and all those previously in practice one 
from a medical college recognized by the A merican 
Medical Association; but the latter has no relation 3 
to medical colleges, its membership being made 
up from medical societies only. The Virginia 
law is effectively carried out by the State Board of 
Medical Examiners, but the work of the Board 
has not caused the colleges to turn out any better 
graduates. The law is operative in Indiana; 
Maine is without any law, the one passed last 
year having been vetoed by the Governor; and 
the effect of the law is salutary in Missouri. The 
practical effect of the law has not been satisfactory 
to the State Board until recently the latter was 
strengthened by a decision of the Supreme Court. 
In South Carolina the law has been slightly 
amended to increase its efficiency. In Wisconsin 
there is really no law which restricts the right to 
practice, although only graduates in medicine or 
those connected with organized medical societies 
can testify in court or collect fees by law. The 
law is efficient in Minnesota, and it is found that 
the applicants improve in general ability, intelli- 
gence and knowledge of medicine with each ses- 
sion of the Board. The law in that State is con- 
sidered a great protection to the community, and 
has been strengthened by decisions of the courts. 
Texas is making strong efforts to secure a good 
law. The Tennessee law is not perfect, but is a 
decided improvement on the nothing which ex- 
isted before it was passed. There is a good law 
in Maryland, based on the Illinois Act, but it is 
not practically enforced. The West Virginia law 
is working well, and that of Alabama is regarded 
by the profession in that State as " almost ideally 
perfect." In Arkansas there are numerous County 
Boards, but these, being appointed by County 
Judges, are often totally incapacitated for the duty. 
In regard to the registration law in force in 
Pennsylvania, a correspondent expresses the view 
that it is the worst one of all, as the system of 4 
protection is applied for the benefit of the medical 
colleges, these being made the executors of the 
law, the Faculty of one medical college being 
made the absolute judge, without appeal, of the 
qualifications of the graduates of a competing 
medical college. He thinks unrestricted freedom 
is better for the public and the profession than an 
unfair law unjustly administered. 
Reports were made from the following special 
committees: 
Committee on Papers for Annual Meeting, Dr. 
N. S. Davis, Jr., Chairman. 
Committee on Eligible Fellows, Dr. S. J. Jones, 
Chairman. 
Committee on Publication of Transactions, Dr. 
A. E. Gihon, Chairman. 
Committee on Preparation of a Catalogue of 
the Fellows, Dr. R. J. Dunglison, Secretary of 
the Academy. 
Committee on Amendments to the Constitu- 
tion, Dr. B. Dee, Chairman. 
The following papers were then read : 
The Institutes of Medicine; the Necessity of their 
being Taught in our Schools, by Dr. Cheston 
Morris, Philadelphia. 
Gymnastic Medicine, by Dr. E. Hitchcock, Jr., 
Ithaca, N. Y. This paper was an interesting 
sketch of the influence of gymnastic treatment of 
disease, in place of that of mere drugs, and the 
writer's experience as Professor in Cornell Uni- 
versity was cited in advocacy of the sound prac- 
tical views entertained by him on the subject. 
The Academy then adjourned until 3 o'clock 
p.m., when, Dr. Traill Green, being called to the 
Chair, the President, Dr. Connor, delivered 
his Address on 5 
THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, ITS SIGNS 
OF PROMISE AND OBSTACLES, ITS FIELD OF 
LABOR, AND SOME SUGGESTIONS LOOKING 
TO AN INCREASE OF ITS EFFICIENCY. 
The paper is one that commends itself to every 
friend of liberal education and deserves what it 
will doubtless obtain-the general attention of 
the medical profession. Dr. Connor alluded to 
the fact that this was the first meeting of the 
Academy in the West. The idea that the Acad- 
emy was founded upon a new idea born of an 
aristocratic modern notion was combated, the 
facts being that Hippocrates urged that the pre- 
liminary training of medical men be made as broad 
and deep as possible, while by precept and exam- 
ple the same idea has been maintained by all the 
famous medical men from Hippocrates to Alonzo 
Clark. The effects of such changes as are desired 
by the Academy are shown by what was accom- 
plished by the Harvard Medical School when in 
1870 it raised its standard of preliminary require- 
ments; previous to this time the medical students 
were inferior to those of the other departments- 
now they are indistinguishable. It is objected by 
some that broad education does not pay. To this 
it is replied that the pure tradesman has no place 
in the temple of medicine; that the highest hon- 
ors and emoluments during all time have come to 
the physicians who have sought to uplift the pro- 
fession. The Academy is pleased to observe that 
the effort made by the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons in New York and by other colleges to 
advance the requirements of preliminary educa- 
tion have yielded most satisfactory results; that 
a recent enactment by the State of New York 
shows that the principles advocated by the Acad- 
emy have been adopted by a great commonwealth; 6 
that the enemies of the Illinois State Board of 
Health have failed to accomplish its ruin; that 
most encouraging results have been obtained by 
the efforts of the Minnesota State Board of Ex- 
aminers, as evidenced by a recent enactment of 
the Minnesota Legislature; that similar progress 
has been made in Montana, Virginia and North 
Carolina; that earnest efforts in the direction of 
educational advancement are being made by the 
American Medical Association and by pharma- 
ceutical societies. 
Among the obstacles opposed to the adoption 
of the Academy's designs there is one indicated 
by the fact that the proportion of literary college 
students to the entire population has notably de- 
creased. The medical colleges themselves oppose 
efforts to advance medical education. The pro- 
fessors of medical colleges are often inefficiently 
educated and hence do not encourage liberality 
of education in their pupils. The lukewarmness 
of many members of the Academy is opposed to 
the effective prosecution of its work. The great- 
est of all the obstacles to be encountered lies in 
the extensive general ignorance in the profession 
itself. 
This part of the paper bristled with important 
and even startling facts illustrated by the citation 
of many important statistical figures. Among 
these may be noted the fact that among 9,306 
medical students only 811 were possessed of liter- 
ary degrees, of which number one-third emanated 
from institutions not recognized by this Academy. 
Contrasted with veterinary colleges the compar- 
ison remains greatly in favor of the latter. The 
number of A.B's. in the medical profession is di- 
minishing. On the other hand, the proportion of 
A.B's. in the variouss chools of medical practice 
presents a pleasanter picture, there being 94 per 7 
cent, among regulars and 6 per cent, among the 
various classes of irregular practitioners. 
After a survey of the field of useful activity 
presented to the Academy, with various recom- 
mendations of plans for adoption, the paper closed 
with the necrological reports for the year. The 
recommendations were referred to the Council, 
with the thanks of the Academy for his able 
address. 
The following papers were then read and re- 
ferred to the Council: 
The Need and Position and Object of the Amer- 
ican Academy of Medicine, by Dr. Traill Green, of 
Easton, Pa., was read by title. 
Dr. S. J. Jones of Chicago, then read a paper 
entitled 
WHAT IS THE PROPER FUNCTION OF AMERICAN 
MEDICAL COLLEGES OF THE PRESENT TIME ? 
He gave a very entertaining sketch of the his- 
tory of medicine, and particularly medical educa- 
tion, in this country from the earliest times. In 
Europe, he said, the requirements and attainments 
of medical men vary from time to time in the va- 
rious countries. In this country our political 
characteristics are such as to acquire certain pe- 
culiar features in our medical institutions. For 
thirteen years the Academy has labored to in- 
crease the standard of preliminary education. It 
also aims to assist the student in the progress 
of his educational studies. The apprentice sys- 
tem in medicine, as well as its "office student '' 
outgrowth, has been abandoned. The student 
does best to begin his medical education at the 
college doors, without seeking to prepare for his 
course by office reading with a so-called precep- 
tor. Since the Academy first began its labors 
many changes have been inaugurated by the 8 
medical schools in order to suit themselves and 
the requirements and spirit of the times. The 
more advanced portion of the medical course is 
the one which has manifested the most improve- 
ment. The writer believes that the function of 
medical schools should be restricted to teaching, 
leaving the matter of examining and licensing to 
the various States, because of the variations in 
the requirements of medical practice in the differ- 
ent sections of the country. The mixed Board 
of Health, as seen in Illinois, has accomplished 
much good work. 
There is nothing new in the idea of separating 
teaching from licensing in this country, for such 
a separation was seen even in the last century ; 
while in New York, in 1839, the State Medical 
Society resolved that such separation was advisa- 
ble. The question is asked, " Is such a separa- 
tion practicable?" There were formerly objec- 
tions to such a procedure, but these objections are 
no longer valid. The National Government does 
not assume the right to do this, but the power is 
conceded to the several States. 
In the early record of American medical history 
it is interesting to observe that Drs. Rush and 
Drake were both bound out at a very early age 
as medical apprentices. This apprentice system 
ended at about 1810. The history of American 
medical colleges was traced from the foundation 
of the first in 1750 down to the present day. 
The trouble with our modern colleges is that 
their facilities are too few and their numbers too 
great. It would be unfair to restrain a college 
from teaching because its facilities were not of 
the best, and yet at the same time a college di- 
ploma is an uncertain quantity and often very 
deceptive. As matters now are, in most States 
the authorities are obliged to treat all diplomas 9 
as though they knew them to be of a high order 
of value. 
Dr. Henry M. Lyman, of Chicago, then ad- 
dressed the meeting on the subject of 
INSTRUCTION BY RECITATION. 
He said that during the past eighteen years he 
had experimented in the methods of instructing 
medical students in the several departments of 
chemistry, physiology, nervous and mental dis- 
eases, and the practice of medicine. As the re- 
sult of his experience, he believed it desirable to 
have recitation assignments of lessons made. Re- 
garding the difficulties in the way of the practi- 
cal application of this method of instruction, he 
found that the range of usefulness of this method 
is not so wide as in literary colleges. The topics 
best adapted to this form of instruction are the 
elementary branches, anatomy, physiology, chem- 
istry and materia medica. Recitations should be 
combined with all necessary didactic exhibitions. 
In the advanced branches the conditions are dif- 
ferent ; here the student can still get the theories 
from the books, but it is his desire to learn the 
views of his various teachers. Recitation, how- 
ever, may still be used to some extent even in 
the advanced branches. Tutors and tutorships 
should be established so that classes may be made 
small. 
There are several difficulties in the way of the 
recitative method ; first, there is the lack of suit- 
able text-books. Some are too long, some too 
short, some not well balanced. There is a splen- 
did field for writers in supplying this deficiency 
in medical literature. The second difficulty is to 
get well-qualified men to teach by this method. 
It is not easy to obtain tutors who are willing to 
work on the necessarily small salaries which have 10 
to be paid. It is not uncommon for students to 
request lectures instead of recitations, but at the 
end of a fair trial of the recitative method the 
students are generally well satisfied. One of the 
disadvantages in lecturing to large classes is that 
it is a very difficult matter to fix the attention of 
the students, who are apt to be distracted by the 
least break in the continuity of a lecture. 
Dr. J. C. Morris, of Philadelphia, said that 
the plan advocated by Dr. Lyman had been in 
operation in Philadelphia ever since he could re- 
member-for the quiz classes are recitative classes. 
By this method he, as a quiz master, had taught 
chemistry, materia medica, physiology, and the 
practice of medicine. The better students all at- 
tended these classes, the method of teaching be- 
ing something like that employed by the privat 
docenten of Germany and the tutors of Edinburg. 
He said that the apprentice system in medicine 
gave way to the preceptor system, in which the 
teacher is expected to give instruction by the 
method of recitation. Teaching of this kind is 
highly necessary as a means of eliminating from 
the student's mind errors obtained from a failure 
to properly comprehend lectures, and as a means 
also of increasing his information. In his expe- 
rience as quiz master the examinations were more 
rigid than the general examinations, and very 
few students who were recommended by the quiz 
masters failed in their examinations. He would 
go farther than Dr. Lyman, and apply the meth- 
od to all the branches of medical instruction. 
Dr. S. J. Jones said that the only difference 
concerned the method employed. The question 
is whether this form of instruction shall be im- 
parted by the college itself or whether the matter 
be collateral and voluntary on the part of the 
student. As regards the year of preliminary in- 11 
struction under a preceptor, it may be said to be 
of little avail to the student, who will generally 
accomplish quite as much by beginning his edu- 
cation at the college doors. The practical driller 
in college is as valuable as the Professor himself. 
Dr. P. J. Farnworth, of Clinton, Iowa, said 
that American students were adapted to this 
method of instruction. As lectures are arranged 
there is no time left for the students to read. 
The recitation method is in accord with .the 
genius of our general plan of education. 
Dr. G. H. Hill, of Independence, Iowa, said 
that recitations would not be so necessary if 
students were A. B's. There are few students 
who know how to take notes. 
Dr. H. A. Johnson, of Chicago, said that the 
teacher comes too little into personal contact with 
the pupil. The recitation method is very helpful. 
In his teaching he has always made this his en- 
deavor. Class quizzing is only useful when the 
attention of all is held. It is easier for the med- 
ical teacher to cram for a lecturer and talk for an 
hour than to hold recitations, for in this he has 
the floor and the students cannot talk back. 
Dr. Lester Curtis, of Chicago, described the 
most interesting lecture he ever heard. It was 
a kind of clinical quiz in which the patient's 
history was read, after which the pupil was 
given time for examining the case and prepare 
for his quiz, the teacher's function being mainly 
to keep him on the track. The interest mani- 
fested on the part of the class was almost dra- 
matic in its intensity. Didactics have largely 
been abandoned on the continent. 
Dr. E. Wing, of Chicago, found the theory of 
Colleges wrong, the fact being that students are 
not equipped with mental discipline. The quiz 
master and demonstrator knows best the student's 12 
condition and needs. Didactics are largely fail- 
ures. In New York the lecture-rooms are de- 
serted for the quiz-room. 
Dr. J. N. Hyde, of Chicago, found that the 
average medical student is taught according to 
better methods in this country than abroad. He 
found fault with the literary colleges for making 
a good literary education a luxury for the wealthy, 
whereby the medical student is largely debarred 
from a good foundation for his medical studies. 
This was not the case some years ago. 
Dr. A. Garcelon, of Lewiston, Maine, dwell 
on the importance of preliminary examinations. 
As for the recitation method of instruction this 
was in vogue where he began his medical studies 
fifty-three years ago. 
Dr. J. H. Rauch, of Springfield, HL, read a 
paper on 
THE WORK OF THE ILLINOIS ARMY MEDICAL EX- 
AMINING BOARD. 
He said the Board was granted large discretion- 
ary powers and received the cordial cooperation of 
Gov. Yates. The Board's examinations were 
stringent ones, but they often found that men 
without diplomas were better qualified than men 
provided with them. The paper excited many 
interesting reminiscences. 
Dr. Green, of Easton, Pa., recited similar ex- 
periences to those of Dr. Rauch in his own Army 
experience. In examining horaceopathists he 
generally found it useful to quiz on materia 
medica. 
Dr. S. J. Jones related some amusing experi- 
ences connected with his duties as examiner for 
the Navy. 
Dr. H. A. Johnson said that during his expe- 
rience as an Army Examiner it often happened 13 
that his own pupils appeared for examination, 
when he sometimes found to his surprise that 
they had forgotten the points upon which he had 
placed most emphasis as a teacher. He explained 
this on the hypothesis that these were points of 
information that the practitioner had found little 
use for, and accordingly he was led to modify the 
character of his instruction. The late Dr. Flint 
had told him the longer he lived the fewer things 
he taught, but these things he made hooks upon 
which to hang important facts. The Army field 
was the best school of medicine ever afforded to 
the physicians of this country. It was a constant 
clinic. 
Second Day. 
The Academy reconvened on Thursday morn- 
ing at io o'clock. 
Dr. Rauch, on invitation of the President, 
made some remarks on The Advance of the Stand- 
ard of the Medical Degree, as shown by the Statis- 
tics of the Illinois State Board of Health. 
The election of Fellows was then resumed, and 
nearly 100 in all, who had been approved by the 
Council, were elected. 
The Secretary reported the action of the Coun- 
cil upon the report presented by the Committee 
on Amendments to the Constitution. Several of 
these amendments were reported negatively by 
the Council, in accordance with such report, and 
the following amendments, approved by the Coun- 
cil, were adopted by the Academy : 
Paragraph i, Section II, Article III, to read 
as follows : ' ' The degree of Bachelor of Arts or 
of Master of Arts, after a systematic course of 
study, preparatory and collegiate; but when a can- 
didate has not received either of these degrees in 
course, other evidence of a preparatory liberal ed- 14 
ucation which shall be considered as equivalent to 
the same by the Council (hereinafter to be pro- 
vided for), may be accepted in lieu of a degree by 
the Academy." 
Paragraph 3, Section II, Article III, to read as 
follows: " When a candidate is an alumnus of a 
foreign institution or institutions not granting the 
degree of Bachelor of Arts or Master of Arts, or 
of Doctor of Medicine, a certificate or certificates, 
or a license, which shall be considered as equiva- 
lent by the Council, may be accepted in lieu there- 
of by the Academy." 
Article X, to read as follows: ''A Latin certi- 
ficate of fellowship, bearing the seal of the Acad- 
emy and the signatures of the officers, shall be is- 
sued to any Fellow, on payment of its cost." 
In consequence of the adverse report of Coun- 
cil, the other amendments were laid upon the 
table. 
At the recommendation of Council, the follow- 
ing gentlemen were elected Honorary Members: 
Dr. David Jordan, President of the Illinois State 
University, Bloomington, and Sir James A. Grant, 
M.D., of Ottawa, Canada. 
Several other gentlemen were elected Fellows 
of the Academy, having become eligible by reason 
of the adoption of the first-mentioned Amendment. 
On motion, the recommendation of Council that 
the Academy should hold its next annual meeting 
November 12 and 13, 1890, in Philadelphia, was 
adopted. 
The Committee on Publication of Transactions 
was continued, with approval of Council, under 
the same instructions as those given them at last 
annual meeting. 
The President's Address was referred to the 
same committee. 
On recommendation of Council, the other Spe- 15 
cial Committees were continued, the appointment 
of gentlemen composing them to be made by the 
incoming President. 
The Treasurer's report was presented, and re- 
ferred to a Committee of Audit, Drs. Hill, Heath 
and Garcelon, who subsequently reported the ac- 
count as correct. 
The Committee on Nominations reported that 
they recommended the following officers for the 
ensuing year : President, Dr. Samuel J. Jones, 
of Chicago, Ill.; Vice-Presidents, Drs. Justin E. 
Emerson, Detroit, Mich., Edward Hitchcock, Jr., 
Cornell University, Ithica, N. Y., J. Chester Mor- 
ris, Philadelphia, Pa., Alonzo Garcelon, Lewis- 
ton, Me.; Secretary and Treasurer, Dr. Richard 
J. Dunglison, Philadelphia, Pa.; Assistant Secre- 
tary, Dr. Chas. McIntire, Jr., Easton, Pa. 
After the election of additional Fellows, the 
reading of papers was resumed. 
Dr. Gershom H. Hill, of Independence, Iowa, 
read a paper on The Moral Treatment of the In- 
sane, which was referred to the Council. 
Dr. F. C. Heath, U. S. Marine-Hospital Ser- 
vice, read a paper on Medical Harmony, and Dr. 
N. S. Davis, Jr., one on The Physiological Action 
of the Typhoid Fever Poison, both of which were 
referred to the Council. 
Other papers, the authors of which were not in 
attendance, were read by title, and referred to 
the Council : The -Need and Position and Object 
of the American Academy of Medicine, by Dr. Traill 
Green, Easton, Pa.; Aim and Scope of the Amer- 
ican Academy of Medicine, by Dr. Edward Jack- 
son; The Mission of the Academy, by Dr. R. Low- 
ry Sibbet, Carlisle, Pa.; Brief Sketch of the late 
William Elmer, late a Vice-President of the Acad- 
emy, with appended resolution, by Dr. Lewis P. 
Bush, Wilmington, Del. 16 
The following preamble and resolution, offered 
by Dr. Traill Green, were adopted : 
The report of the good work accomplished by the Illi- 
nois State Board of Health having gone beyond this 
State throughout the United States, and received with 
approval, the American Academy of Medicine, in session 
in Chicago, congratulate the citizens of Illinois and the 
profession on the good which the Board has wrought by 
their action in securing an advance of preparation of 
those who minister to the people in their sickness. 
Therefore resolved, That we approve the labors of the 
Board, whose action has been read by so many of our 
members in distant parts of our land; that the Fellows 
of this Academy testify to the influence of the Illinois 
State Board in advancing a better preliminary education 
for intending medical students, and a more extended 
course in the medical schools; and that they present to 
the Board their thanks for the help which the profession 
has received from their action, aud wish for them contin- 
ued success in their work and the support of their fellow 
citizens. 
Dr. Jordan, President of the Illinois State 
University, then, by invitation, addressed the 
Academy on the changes that had taken place in 
the under-graduate courses. 
The newly-elected President, Dr. S. J. Jones, 
was then inducted in the chair by Drs. Traill 
Green and H. A. Johnson, appointed by the 
President. 
Thanks were tendered to the retiring President, 
Dr. Connor, for the able and faithful discharge oi 
his duties ; also to the proprietor of the Leland 
Hotel for courtesies extended. 
The time of appointment of committees by the 
new President was, on motion, extended to be at 
the convenience of the latter. 
The President appointed Drs. H. A. Johnson 
and G. H. Hill additional members of the Coun- 
cil for the ensuing year, and Drs. Emerson, Heath 
and McIntire the Committee on Eligible Fellows. 
The Academy then adjourned.