Chemical Warfare Agents REFERENCE AND TRAINING CHART PREPARED BY 1). S. OFFICE OF CIVILIAN DEFENSE, JANUARY, 1943 CLASS NAME cws SYMBOL NICKNAME METHODS OF DISSEMINA- TION PERSISTENCY ODOR RELEASED FORM PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT PROTEC- TION* DECONTAMINATION SELF-AID VESICANTS MUSTARD HS Hot Stuff II | i m 3-4 days in open 1 week in woods, several weeks in winter Garlic, horse- radish, mustard Dark, oily liquid slowly evaporates No immediate effect; liquid or vapor burns and blisters skin and lungs; eye irritation Use bleaching powder alone or mixed with water or earth, hypochlorite solution, green solutionf steam, heat, or solvents 1. Most injury from gas can be prevented if air raid instruc- tions and certain simple self-aid rules are followed. 2. If exposed to gas: (a) Act promptly and quietly. Be calm. (b) Remain indoors or go indoors, unless official duties require one to stay outside. 3. If exposed to vesicants, speed in treatment is important. (a) If outside and contami- nated, remove outer clothing. (b) Go indoors, remove under- clothing and blot up liquid gas on skin with small piece of cloth. Blot, do not rub. Put clothes in covered can. (c) If eyes are splashed with liquid vesicant and not more than five minutes have elapsed, irrigate eyes with large amounts of 2% baking soda solution (tablespoonful to a quart of water) or with water if soda is not immediately available. (d) If materials are available apply household bleaching solu- tion (sodium hypochlorite) to areas contaminated with mus- tard gas; hydrogen peroxide to lewisite contaminated areas. Bleach is also effective against lewisite. (e) Bathe freely with soap and water, rinse frequently, preferably under shower. (f) Wash nose and throat with baking soda solution. LEWISITE M-l Mean One ii j1« 1 day in open, 2-3 days in woods, 1 week or more in winter Geraniums Dark, oily liquid slowly evaporates Immediately irritates nasal passages; later burns skin and eyes; arsenic poisoning ft Water flush or use bleaching powder alone or mixed with water or earth, hypochlorite solution, green solutionf steam, heat or solvents ETHYLDI- CHLORARSIKE ED Enemy’s Delight II i» 1-2 hours in open, 2-6 hours in woods, longer in winter Biting, stinging Clear, oily liquid evaporates at medium rate Cover with earth; use bleaching powder LUNG IRRITANTS CHLGRPICRIN PS Puking Stuff if cl 1 hour in open, 4 hours in woods, longer in winter Flypaper, anise Colorless, oily liquid evaporates rapidly Lung damage; causes severe coughing, crying, nausea, vomiting % Sodium sulphite solution in alcohol DIPHOSGENE DP Di-Phos ii ill 30 minutes Acrid ensilage Oily liquid evaporates rapidly Lung damage; causes coughing, lung pains, difficult breathing; highly toxic; eyes water; effects may be delayed f None needed PHOSGENE CG Choky Gas ii it 1-10 minutes Musty hay, green corn Colorless gas f None needed CHLORINE CL Chlorine ij + PS + CO 1-5 minutes Highly pungent like household bleach Yellow- green gas -f None needed LACRIMATORS BROMBENZYL- CYANIDE CA Cry Always i v. Several days (weeks in winter) O Sour fruit Dark, oily liquid slowly evaporates Eyes smart and close; copious flow of tears; skin irritation; temporary effect headaches f Cover with earth or wash with lime slurry CHLQRACETO- PHENONE CN Cry Now 33 e While burning Apple blossoms Gas or smoke J§L None needed TEAR GAS SOLUTIONS CNS or CNB il i h' 1 hour in open, 2 hours in woods, longer in winter Apple blossoms + chloropicrin or + benzol Liquid, which evaporates f None needed 4. If exposed to lung irri- tants, lie down. Complete rest is essential. Prevent chilling. 5. If exposed to vesicants and lung irritants, or if in doubt, regarding gas to which exposed, perform steps under 3 and 4. 6. Particles of white phos- phorus coming in contact with the skin should be kept covered with water or if available, 2%- 5% copper sulphate (blue vit- riol) solution may be applied, until medical attention is avail- able. 7. Notify air raid warden who will summon necessary medical aid. KEY £ Chemical 1 Artillery m Magnesium Cylinder A Shell U incendiary yy H 155mm. I Bomb ? Livens A Mortar im Aerial M Projector B Shell lu Bomb 5 Shell I 4.2mm. ■ May Vary ▼ S In Size a Grenade g Candle e4i Airplane " *** Spray Gas 1 Artillery q Fu„ *Gas mask and/or protective cloth- ing needed only by persons whose duties require them to remain in gassed areas. f Green solution prepared by dis- solving 1 lb. bicarbonate of soda in 1 gal. of commercial household bleach solution. Must be freshly prepared when needed. }Note three-fold effect of white phosphorus as a (1) screening agent, (2) casualty agent, (3) incendiary. IRRITANT SMOKES ADAMSITE DM Dirty Mixture m ifrCN) 10 minutes Slight coal smoke or none Yellow smoke Causes sneezing, nausea, sick depressed feeling, temporary f None needed DIPHENYL- CHLORARSINE DA Dopey Ache E3 e 10 minutes None Fine white smoke -f None needed DIPHENYL- CYANARSINE CDA m 10 minutes Garlic, bitter almonds Fine smoke ? None needed INCENDIARIES MAGNESIUM MG While burning None Molten and burning metal Causes severe burns None Control fires with water; control bombs with water THERMIT TH The Heat e ! While burning None Molten iron None Burns out; cannot be smothered or extin- guished by water; control fires with water THICKENED GASOLINE None \ While burning Gasoline Burning particles None Control fires SCREENING SMOKES HC MIXTURE HC Harmless Cloud & While burning Acrid Grayish smoke Harmless None None needed TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE FM Floating Mantel i|| IV- 10 minutes Acrid Dense white smoke Harmless None None needed SULPHUR TRIOXIDE In Chlorsulphonic Acid FS Fuming Spray ill lili» 10 minutes Acrid Dense white smoke Causes prickling of skin; makes eyes water; causes coughing None needed WHITE PHOSPHORUS 1 WP White Phos fl 11« While burning Burning matches Burns in air to a dense white smoke Smoke is harmless, but burning par- ticles cause very severe burns None Burns out; control by immersion in water; keep wet OCD Publication 7014 U. 8. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 10—32698“!