CHAPTER IV. 
REPORT 
UPON 
THE COLLECTIONS OF BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES 
MADE IN POHTIOX8 OF 
NEVADA, UTAH, CALIFORNIA, COLORADO, NEW MEXICO, AND ARIZONA, 
DURING 
THE YEARS 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874, 
BY / 
Dr. H. C. YARROW. 
509 CHAPTER IV. 
The collections of Batrachians and Reptiles upon which this report is 
based were made in the years 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874, by the different 
naturalists of the expedition in California, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, 
Utah, and Colorado. 
But a small number of new species has been discovered, but many 
secured of great rarity and value, and of much interest as increasing our 
knowledge of the geographical distribution of the reptilian fauna of West- 
ern North America. 
The collection of 1871 was made principally in Arizona and Nevada 
by Mr. F. Bischotf, with the assistance of Dr. W. J. Hoffman and others of 
the party. Owing to Mr. Bischoff’s sudden disappearance in Chicago, and 
the loss of his note books by fire, it is impossible to give more than a mere 
list of his specimens, which may possibly prove of interest as chronicling 
the occurrence of some species very rare and valuable. 
The collection of 1872, while it embraces but five new species, is par- 
ticularly rich in numbers, and affords good types of the characteristic 
reptiles of the localities visited. 
It is a matter of some interest, as an established fact, that, as birds 
were found to be more numerous in the proximity of settlements, the same 
is true of serpents; very few, except the Crotalus, being found upon the 
barren plains, although occasionally an individual was encountered strag- 
gling along apparently in pursuit of food, or a more desirable dwelling place. 
The neighborhood of Provo and Utah Lake afforded nearly all the species 
enumerated in the list, and an almost entire absence of venomous serpents 
was noted at this place, although on the “ benches ”, at the base of the Wah- 
satch Mountains, the Crotalus is met with sparingly. The beautiful Eut(cnia 
vayrans, rightly called from its wide range, is exceedingly abundant, and 
Pityopliis sayi var. bellona equally so. Bascanium var. flavivcntre, called 
511 512 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
“ Blue Chaser” by the settlers, and greatly dreaded, for what reason we 
were unable to ascertain, is quite common on marshy ground near the lake, 
and Bascaniwn laterals is also of frequent occurrence, although not as nu- 
merous as the preceding varieties. A singular fact was noticed in regard 
to the serpents of this region, and the same observation will equally apply 
to the lizards, viz: the extraordinary mimicry of color, depending in a great 
measure upon the hue and tint of the surrounding objects; those specimens 
seen upon the grassy meadows of the marshes being brilliant in color, assim- 
ilating closely to the general tint of the herbage, while those found upon 
alkaline plains were lighter, approaching the neutral tint of the ground and 
sage brush. This fact was particularly noticeable in those serpents and 
lizards found near red sandstone deposits, the normal colors being so much 
altered and resembling the tint of the rock to such an extent as to lead to 
grave doubts of the species under observation. In the course of a single 
day’s ride, we have noticed the little Phrynosoma, or “Horned Toad”, of the 
same species, bearing three different solid body tints in as many different 
localities: on the plain the prevailing color being greenish gray; on a stretch 
of white alkaline flat nearly white; and on red sandstone rocks so nearly 
red as to almost escape notice. The most peculiar circumstance of this mim- 
icry is, that after removal from the localities where found, the normal colors 
invariably return in twenty-four or forty-eight hours. This statement is 
not merely conjecture, as the experiment was tried with a number of Pliry- 
nosoma of different tints, and found to be as represented. 
As already mentioned in the preliminary report, the rattle of the Crotalus 
was frequently mistaken for the noise made by the Cicadas, although after 
a short experience they were readily distinguishable by the difference of 
rhythm y that made by the Cicada being shorter and more uneven. The 
rattling of this serpent was frequently heard without any apparent cause of 
provocation, and may have been a sexual call for aught we know. In one 
instance, a large rattlesnake was discovered beneath an “aparejo”, or pack 
saddle, coiled for a blow, but it had given not the slightest indication of its 
presence by rattling. 
It is thought, with good reason, that the Crotalus is rapidly decreasing 
in numbers on the western plains, or else that stories as to their former INTRODUCTORY NOTES. 
513 
number are the grossest exaggerations, as very few were met with during 
the expedition of 1872 (although in 1873 many were found along the Gila 
in Arizona); probably not more than twenty individuals being observed 
during a ride of over two thousand miles. Our experience also goes to show 
that the rattlesnake is naturally timid and retiring instead of aggressive, as 
efforts were frequently made to provoke them to strike without success, 
they invariably gliding away if permitted. The collection of lizards is rich 
not only in numbers but species, over one hundred specimens being secured, 
embracing some twelve species, among which are three new ones belonging 
to the genus Sceloporus. The collection of Batracliia is also numerous, and 
contains some interesting individuals new to the localities visited as well as 
new species. 
The collection of 1873 was made chiefly in Arizona, New Mexico, and 
Colorado, and from its size and value reflects great credit upon those engaged 
in securing it. Some of the specimens secured are extremely rare, and 
many new facts in regard to distribution have been evolved from a study 
of the material. 
During the season’s work, it may be interesting to mention the finding 
of Crotalus lucifer, the Black Rattlesnake of Southern California and Arizona, 
as far north as the White Mountains of Arizona, in which locality it abounds, 
and Ileterodon nasicub, the “Hog-nosed Sand Viper”, as far south as Mineral 
Springs, Arizona. The coloration of this species of Heterodon, peculiar to 
the West, is much deeper and more brilliant than its eastern congener. 
This serpent, which is entirely harmless, curiously enough (for there are no 
facts to warrant the belief) is esteemed as venomous, and greatly dreaded 
by settlers, who ruthlessly destroy it when occasion offers. This belief 
doubtless has originated from the fact of the presence of two fangs in the 
posterior part of the upper jaw, which, however, have no poison sacs attached. 
From the general appearance of this reptile, with its narrow, contracted 
neck, flat, broad head, stumpy tail, and peculiar teeth, we may readily infer 
the cause of the dislike exhibited by the settlers. Eiitamici vagrans was 
everywhere found exhibiting the same diversity of coloration and markings 
as heretofore, and the same remark will apply equally well to Pitgophis sagi 
var. bellona. 514 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
A curious fact in regard to the distribution of the lizards is that, while 
in 1872 CrotapJiytus wislizenii was found to be very abundant in Utah and 
Nevada, C. collaris being extremely scarce; in 1873 in Colorado, New Mexico, 
and Arizona, the latter was the characteristic Saurian of the localities men- 
tioned, C. wislizenii being seldom seen. 
The Plirynosoma, or “Horned Toads”, were very numerous; and some 
of the specimens of P. douglassii collected exhibit exaggerated examples of 
specific markings, very different from the more northern forms. Among 
those secured are two fine examples of P. planiceps, so called by Hallowell 
many years ago, but since that time lost sight of. 
A very beautiful lizard, new to science and the fauna, was discovered 
through the exertion of Mr. H. W. Henshaw in Southern Arizona, to which 
Professor Cope has assigned the name Sceloporus jarrovii, and which proba- 
bly belongs exclusively to the Sonoran fauna ; and two other new species 
belonging to the same family have also been discovered. 
The Batrachia are well represented in the collection; many species 
having been obtained, as well as some new to science. The occurrence of 
Chorophilus triseriatus, at Pagosa, in Colorado, is interesting; this being the 
first time it has been discovered so far west. 
The observations of this year, it may be mentioned, fully confirm those 
of Dr. Elliott Coues, U. S. A., to whom American Herpetologists are greatly 
indebted for his interesting researches in this region, and to whom we owe 
our sincere thanks for the very interesting and valuable chapter which 
follows this report, the result of personal observation while stationed in 
Arizona, and which is given for the reason that a lengthened stay in a por- 
tion of the Territory visited by this expedition enabled him to furnish biog- 
raphies of the species observed by our collectors, who, in their rapid 
marches, could do but little besides collecting specimens. This chapter 
enumerates some species not observed by the expedition. 
In 1874, owing to the fact that two special Natural History parties 
were organized to operate in most favorable localities for Herpetological 
work, a very large collection was made of interest and value. In addition 
to these parties, the services of Mr. C. E. Aiken as collector were made INTRODUCTORY NOTES. 
515 
available, and his collections, as well as those of others, have added largely 
to the number of specimens secured. 
The first party, in charge of Dr. J. T. Rothrock, operated in New 
Mexico and Arizona, proceeding as far south as old Fort Crittenden, near 
the Mexican boundary line; the second, in charge of the writer, in New 
Mexico and Colorado; and Mr. Aiken’s work was for the most part per- 
formed in the same regions. 
Of serpents, the most characteristic of Arizona and New Mexico were 
found to be the different species of Crotalidce,—Eutamia cyrtopsis, E. mar- 
ciana, E. ornata, and Ilctcrodon nasicus. In Southern Arizona, Mr. Henshaw 
was fortunate enough to discover a serpent for which Prof. E. D. Cope has 
erected a new genus, calling it Chilopoma rufipunctatum. In Rock Creek 
Cation, Arizona, an extremely rare turtle was secured, Cinosternim lienrici, 
LeConte, which was taken upon the hook of a fishing line. Of lizards, the 
usual variety of species was obtained, no new ones being discovered. 
In Colorado, serpents were not so numerous, although lizards and frogs 
abounded; Eutamia vagrans, Pityophis sayi var. bellona, and Bascanium 
flaviventre being common. At the Hot Springs, Pagosa, Colo., P. sayi var. 
bellona was unusually numerous; hundreds having their dens in the holes of 
the lime concretion formed by the water of these springs. Three individuals 
were captured, over six feet in length. 
In the identifications of the species, and for the descriptions of new ones, 
we are under great obligations to Prof. E. I). Cope, who has not only assisted 
in this regard, but kindly criticised and revised the manuscript of this report, 
and permitted the use of his new Check-List of North American Batrachia 
and Reptilia, shortly to bo published by the Smithsonian Institution. It will 
be found that the nomenclature of the report is mostly the same as adopted 
by this gentleman. We are also under obligations to Prof. S. F. Baird for 
certain facilities afforded at the National Museum, and to Mr. G. Brown 
Goode for many favors. No inconsiderable amount of assistance has also 
been received from somo of the members of the expedition in the presenta- 
tion of specimens; and it is a source of great pleasure to be able to note the 
hearty cooperation and kindness of these gentlemen in assisting the zoologi- 
cal section of this survey. 516 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
BATRACHIA. 
URODELA. 
Fam. amblystomidae. 
Genus AMBLYSTOMA, Tschudi. 
AMBLYSTOMA MAVORTIUM, Bd. 
a. MAYORTIUM. 
Amblystoma mavortium, Bd., Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser., i, 1849, 284, 292 (New 
Mexico).—Hallow., Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, 1858, 352.—Bd., P. It. 
R. Rep., x, 1859, Gunnison’s & Beckwith’s Route, Reptiles, 20.—Id., P. R. 
R. Rep., xii, 18G2, pt. ii, 306.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1807, 
184.—Marsh, Am. Jour.. Sci. & Arts, xlvi, Nov., 1808.—Cope, Ain. Jour. 
Sci. & Arts, i, Feb., 1871.—Allen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvii, 1874, 
70.—Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 25. 
Amblystoma proserpine, Baird. & Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852, 173.— 
Hallow., Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, 1858, 354.—Bd., U. S. & Mex. 
Bound. Surv., pt. ii, 1859, Reptiles, 29, pi. xxxv, figs. 7-14. 
Ambystoma maculatum, Hallow., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, 215.—Id., Jour. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, 1858, 355. 
Desmiostoma maculatum, Sager, Penins. Jour. Med., 1858, 428. 
Camarataxis maculata, Hallow., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852, 209.—Cope, Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 123. 
Amblystoma nebulosum, Hallow., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zufii & Col. Riv., 1853, 143, pi. 
20.—Id., Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, 1858, 352. 
Amblystoma?nebulosum, Hallow., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1800, 300. 
b. CALIFORNIENSE. 
Siredon lichenoides, Bd., Stans. Rep. Exp. Greal; Salt Lake, 1852, 330, pi. i. 
Amblystoma californiensc, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1853, 11, pi. 7 (Monterey).— 
Hallow., Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pkila., iii, 1858, 355. 
IIab.—United States in the Central, Sonoran, and Pacific Districts. 
These interesting tailed Batrachia are quite common in the semi-stagnant 
pools and lakes of the Western States and Territories, and a glance at the list 
given will show that forty-three specimens were collected, not only in the 
adult state, but the larval; the list also shows the localities where collected. URODELA—AMBLYSTOMIDAE—A. MAVORTIUM. 
517 
The principal point of interest regarding them is the fact that within a few, 
years the larva and adult of these animals were referred to distinct genera 
and species, and so described under the names of Siredon lichenoides and 
Amblystoma mavortium; but Professor Dumdril, in 1865, having secured a 
number of living specimens from the Southern Rocky Mountains, instituted 
a series of experiments, and proved beyond a doubt that they were one and 
the same species. 
Professor Cope also, by a study of a large number of specimens of 
different ages, confirmed the statements of Dumdril and Professor Marsh, 
and in the American Journal of Science and Arts, vol. xlvi, November, 1868, 
published a paper to the same effect. 
It is but fair to Professor Baird to state that he knew and believed in 
such a theory much earlier than any of these gentlemen. The following 
paper* by Professor Cope, being of great interest, is here reproduced: 
“ The late observations by various writers on the metamorphoses of 
Amblystoma, especially those of Mr. Tegetmeier, indicate that some of the 
principal facts in the history of the subject have been overlooked by all 
of them. 
“ In the first place, no one has seen any metamorphosis of true Siredon,— 
Siredon mexicanus, Shaw (S. pisciformis, S.axolotl, and S. maculatus Auctorum— 
which inhabits the lakes of Mexico, and of which the Smithsonian collections 
contain numerous specimens. Whether it undergoes a metamorphosis is 
entirely unknown to naturalists; though I would express the belief that it 
will be found to do so occasionally under suitable circumstances. No 
Amblystomce have been brought from Mexico south of Tamaulipas and 
Chihuahua by any of the various naturalists collecting for the Government 
surveys. 
“ In the next place, Professor Baird was aware of the metamorphosis 
of all the North American species of Siredons many years before the observa- 
tion of it in the Jardin des Plantes; although at first he named one of them 
Siredon lichenoides, treating it as a mature animal. He regarded these 
creatures as larvae in his essay on the North American Salamanders, published 
in Philadelphia in 1847. 
•From the American Journal of Science and Arts, vol. i, February, 1871,89. 518 
ZOOLOGY—13ATEACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
“ Thirdly, the important observation of Dumdril * established the fact 
that the Siredons reproduced as such ; and his account of the subsequent loss 
of larval characters by the offspring is the first of a positive character which 
we possess on that point. 
“After this, in 1867, f the writer recorded the various stages of meta- 
morphosis in different structures, to be observed in reproducing individuals 
of two species of Amblystoma, viz,—A. tigrinum and A mavortium. These 
embraced various Siredon characters of the dental, branchial, and dermal 
organs, and of coloration. It was suggested that the metamorphoses observed 
by Dumeril were those of A. mavortium, which was confirmed by an exami- 
nation of specimens sent to the writer, by Professor Dumeril, % a year after- 
ward. At the same time, the periods of metamorphosis of eight other species 
of the genus were stated ; and the Mexican axolotl was regarded as an Anibly- 
stoma, whether undergoing metamorphosis or not, owing to the irregularity 
of its occurrence in the most nearly allied species A. mavortium, or from its 
Siredon stage, S. lichenoides, Baird. 
“In 1868, Professor Marsh, of Yale College, observed the metamor- 
phosis of the A. mavortium, confirming the conclusions of previous writers. 
Since that time, the changes have been observed by Dr. Tegetmeier and 
others. 
“ The only point remaining to be determined is whether Siredons (i. e., 
Amblystoma mexicanum) undergo a metamorphosis or not. Among our 
numerous specimens, I can find none that exhibit any tendency toward the 
change. 
“ I might add here that I have had for a time in a winter fernery, a 
large New Jersey specimen of Amblystoma tigrinum a foot in length. It is 
nocturnal in its habits, and remains during the day in its burrow. This 
extends through the long diameter of its prison, and has three outlets, which 
it keeps open. From one of them, as evening approaches, it projects its 
head, and watches with attention what is transpiring in the room. 
“ In the same case are specimens of the common Pletliodon cinereus of 
* Bulletin Socidtd d’Acclimatation, 1865, ii, 348. 
t Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 166. 
t Origin of Genera, 1868, 47. UltODELA—AMBLYSTOMIDAE—A. MAVOKTIUM. 
519 
both varieties. During this, as in former years, I observe that this species 
is nocturnal, and is a great climber. They will climb the racliis of a most 
slender fern or spear of grass, and lie in a coil on the end of a tall frond or 
other narrow support which may be sufficient to bear their weight at a 
height of a foot or eighteen inches above the ground. They climb a plate 
of glass with great ease by adhering closely to its smooth surface with their 
moist abdomen. When disturbed on some high perch among the herbage, 
they leap away by a sudden unbending of the coiled body, in the manner 
of some caterpillars.” 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
45 A* 
14 
14,1 A 
34 A 
4 P 2 
572 
5°i X 
501 A 
501 B 
5° 1 C 
70 
654 
197 F 
197 B 
A 1098 
South Park, Colo 
Denver, Colo 
June, 1873 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
II. W. Henshaw. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock. 
Do. 
Jas. M. Rutter. 
do 
Soutli Park, Colo .. 
Nutria, N. Mex. 
July, 1873 
July 22, 1873 
Aug., 1873 
do 
Pescao, N. Mex 
do 
White Mountains, Ariz 
do 
Fort Defiance, N. Mex 
San Luis Valley, Colo. 
Sept., 1873 
Southern Arizona 
Aug., 1874 
* Thirty specimens. 520 
ZOOLOGY—BATKACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
ANURA. 
BUFONIFORMIA. 
Pam. BUFONIDAE. 
Genus BUFO, Laurenti. 
BUFO LENTIGINOSUS, Shaw, subspecies FRONTOSUS, Cope. 
Bufo frontosus, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18GG, 301. 
Bufo lentiginosus, Shaw, subspecies frontosus, Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & 
Kept., 1875, 29. 
Hab.—Souorau Region. 
Abundant in Eastern Utah, Nevada, Colorado, New Mexico, and Ari- 
zona, but, singularly enough, had not been seen until discovered by Dr. E. 
Coues, U. S. A., in New Mexico. Specimens were procured of all ages 
and sizes during the expeditions of 1872, 1873, and 1874. 
Is most closely allied to B. americanus, but differs in having shorter 
and more elevated cranium, longer and larger hind limbs, and more acumi- 
nate parotoid glands. The specimen No. 0 differs from the type in having 
the tympanum one-half size of eye, the tarsus reaching to the end of the 
muzzle. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
A i 
A 2 
A 3 
A 4 
A 5 
A 6 
O 
D D 
O X 
A 1174 
52 C 
5i ' 
278 
Aug., 1872 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr. J. T. Rotlirock. 
Do. 
Jas. M. Rutter. 
H. W. Henshaw. 
John Yarrow. 
C. E. Aiken. 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
Aug., 1873 
do • 
do 
July, 1874 
Pueblo, Colo ANURA—BUFONIDAE—BUFO LENTIGINOSUS WOODHOUSEL 
521 
BUFO LENTIGINOSUS, Shaw, subspecies COGNATUS, Say. 
Bufo cognatus, Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., ii, 1823, 90.—Holbrook, N. A. Herp., 
iv, pi. 5.—De Kay, Nat. Hist. N. Y., pt. i, 1842, G8.—Bd., U. S. & Mex. 
Bound. Surv. Rept., 1859, pt. ii, Rept., 27. 
Bufo lentiginosus, Suaw, subspecies cognatus, Say, Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & 
Rept., 1875, 29. 
Hab.—Texan District, Colorado and Arizona. 
In some specimens, there are dark, oblique blotches on each side of 
the middle line of the back; metatarsal shovels a little larger. 
Specimen No. 402 has the tympanum one-fiftli the size of the eye. 
Very abundant in Colorado ; less so in Arizona. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
402 
407 
410 
410 A 
410 B 
115 
C1285 
Fort Garland, Colo 
June, 1873 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
H. W. Henshaw. 
do 
Ralston, Ariz 
Camp Crittenden, Ariz 
Oct., 1873 
Sept., 1874 
BUFO LENTIGINOSUS WOODHOUSEI, Girard. 
Bufo dorsalis, Hallow., Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Pliila., vi, 1852, 181 (not of Spix). 
Bufo woodhousci, Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., vii, May, 1854, 8G.—Bd., U. S. 
& Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, 1859, Reptiles, 27. 
Bufo lentiginosus (subspecies) woodhousci, Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Rept., 
1875. 
ITab.—Sonoran Region. 
Is lighter than preceding species ; the tubercles brown-tipped ; a light 
vertebral band; metatarsal shovels a little smaller. Apparently numerous in 
New Mexico. 
• * 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
39 
Santa Fd, N. Mex 
July, 1874 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock and H. W. 
Henshaw. 
55 
Between Pueblo and Fort Garland, Colo 
do 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
55 A 
Do. 
L 91 
New Mexico 
Aug., 1874 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
L56 
*53 
Do. 
Plaza del Alcalde, N. Mex 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
*53 A 
C 1285 B 
do 
Do. 
Camp Crittenden, Ariz 
Sept., 1874 
H. W. Henshaw. 522 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACII IANS AND REPTILES. 
BUFO PICTUS, Cope, sp. nov. 
Plate XXV, Figs. 4, 5. 
Palmar and solar tubercles well developed, the larger or inner one of 
the latter not bearing a cutting edge. Cranium plane above; the muzzle 
produced, rather narrowed, and vertically truncate. Membranum tympani 
very small, externally invisible; ostia pliaryngea exceedingly minute. 
Tongue large, oval, extensively free. Parotoids superior, broadly oval in 
form. Upper surfaces covered with large tubercles; inferior surfaces arco- 
late. Limbs stout, especially the tarsus, which bears a longitudinal fold. 
The heel reaches to the middle of the parotoid gland, and the toes are only 
webbed at the base. 
Color above brown; all the tubercles pink with a black border ; a light 
vertebral band; below yellowish, closely spotted with brown blotches. 
Length to vent 0.026 
Length to axilla 0.012 
Length of fore limb 0.015 
Length of fore foot 0.007 
Length of hind limb 0.030 
Length of hind foot 0.017 
From the collections of 1872. 
I have long been familiar with this small and brightly-colored species, 
and have generally supposed it to be the young of the B. microscaphus, Cope. 
The reception of larger specimens enables me to leam that it differs from 
that species in many respects, among which may be mentioned the general 
reduction of the auditory apparatus. The species in this point and in style 
of coloration resembles the Ollotis ccerulescens, Cope, from Costa Rica. 
The plate exhibits a view of the dorsum and abdomen of the species. 
BUFO MICROSCAPHUS, Cope. 
Bufo microscaplius, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1806, 301.—Id., Check-List N. 
A. Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 29. 
Hab.—Sonoran Region. 
Common near Utah Lake, Utah, and in Colorado and Arizona, but 
not as numerous as preceding species. Also discovered by Dr. E. Coues, 
U. S. A., in Arizona. ANURA—IIYLIDAE—C. TRISERIATUS TRISERIATUS. 
523 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
Q I 
Provo, Utah 
July, 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow and II. W. 
Henshaw. 
do 
Do. 
0 i 
Do. 
0 4 
do 
Do. 
*IC 
—, 1873 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock. 
Oj 
45 
South Park, Colo 
June, 1873 
Do. 
X 
Southern Arizona 
Do. 
BUFO PUNCTATUS, Baird & Girard. 
Bufo punctatus, Baird & Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, Oct., 1852, 173.— 
Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., pt. ii, Kept. 1850, 25.—Cope, Check- 
List N. A. Batrach. & Kept., 1875, 20. 
IIab.—Sonoran and Lower Californian Regions. 
The figure of this species in the United States and Mexican Boundary 
Survey, unlike that of the other toads, is very defective, not representing 
the most marked characters well, and adding two pairs of dorsal glands 
which do not exist. 
Discovered in Texas by J. H. Clark. Apparently not common in 
regions visited, as but a single specimen was found in Arizona in 1871, and 
one other (No. C 1285 A) at Camp Crittenden, Ariz., in 1874, by H. W. 
Ilenshaw. 
ARCIFERA. 
Fam. IIYL1DAE. 
Genus CHOROPHILUS, Bd. 
CIIOKOPfULUS TRISERIATUS subspecies TRISERIATUS, Wied. 
Hyla triscriata, Pr. yon Wied., Reisein Nord-America, 18—, p. —. 
Ckorophilus triseriatu* subspecies triseriatus, Cope, Check-List N. A. Batracb. & Kept., 
1875, 30. 
IIar.—North America except Pacific and Sonoran Regions. 
The occurrence of this species so far to the westward is noteworthy, 
as it has never been before seen in the localities mentioned. Apparently 
numerous. 524 
ZOOLOGY—BATE AC FI IANS AND EEPTILES. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
393 A 
104 
104 A 
104 B 
104 C 
364 B 
271 G 
June, 1873 
July, 1873 
H. W. Henshavv. 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
C. E. Aiken and Dr. H. C. 
Yarrow. 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
do 
do 
do 
do 
Pagosa, Colo 
Sept., 1874 
do 
do 
Genus HYLA, Laurenti. 
HYLA EXIMIA, Bd. 
Hyla eximia, Bd., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, April, 1854, 61 Id., U. S. & Mex. 
Bound. Surv., ii, Rept., 1859, 29.—Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Rept., 
1875, 30. 
IIab.—Souoran Region. 
Like the preceding, somewhat uncommon; one specimen secured (No. 
52 B) is characterized .by the absence of the scapular bars generally ob- 
served in the species. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
52 B 
Nutria, N. Mex 
July, 1873 
H. W. Henshaw. 
A 110,5 
Santa F6, N. Mex 
June, 1874 
Do. 
B 52 B 
Nutria, N. Mex 
July, 1874 
Do. 
HYLA AEENICOLOE, Cope. 
Hyla affinis, Bd., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, Cl.—Id., U. S. & Mex. Bound. 
Surv., Eept., ii, 1859, 29, (not of Spix.) 
Hyla arenicolor, Cope, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18GG, 84.—Id., Proc. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila., 301.—Id., Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Eept., 1875, 31. 
IIab.—Sonoran Eegiou. 
Uncommon in localities visited; the specimens noted below being the 
only ones seen. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
(?) 
R 1,4 
Utah 
> 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
June, 1873 A N U It A—SC A PH lOPi I) A E—S P E A ST AG N A LIS. 
525 
Fam. SCAPHIOFIDAE. 
Genus SPEA, Cope. 
SPEA STAGNALIS, Cope, up. nov. 
Plate XXV, Figs. G, 7. 8. 
Head wide; muzzle projecting beyond moutli; nostrils terminal. 
Loreal region oblique; top of head slighly convex or plane in profile. 
Membranum tympani invisible externally; ostia pharyngea exceedingly 
minute, much smaller than the choanse. Vomerine teeth between the nares 
either anteriorly or posteriorly. Tongue round, extensively free, entire. 
No pectoral nor tibial glands; parotoids flat and thin. Tarsal shovel large; 
web of hind foot reaching middle of longest toe; the leg extended brings 
the heel to the middle of the parotoid gland. 
Color liglit-brown, with a few dark speckles; a spot on canthus ros- 
tralis. 
The very minute size of the ostia pharyngea of this species distinguishes 
it from the other Speas, and constitutes an approach to the rudimental con- 
dition of the auditory apparatus seen in the genus Pelobates. 
‘‘I found this species in temporary pools of rain water on the Eocene 
plateau of Northwest New Mexico, thirty miles from the nearest spring, 
and forty miles or more from running water. It is usually found in such 
localities, where it passes through its metamorphoses with great rapidity. 
As in other species of the group, the tadpoles reach a rather large size 
before the changes are completed. After these are effected, the frog remains 
in the pools as long as possible, swimming rather feebly from place to place 
when disturbed. As in other Batrachians inhabiting similar situations (e. g., 
Spea bombifrons, Amblystoma mavortium), their existence is entirely depend- 
ent on the temporary pools remaining after rains, and their metamorphosis is 
necessarily rapid, and subject to many vicissitudes.”—(Cope.) 
The plate exhibits views of dorsum, abdomen, and mouth. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
(?) 
, Utah 
, 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
39 
Santa F£, N. Mex 
July, 1874 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock and H. W. 
Henshaw. 
236 D 
Alto dos Utas, N. Mex 
Sept., 1874 
E. D. Cope. 526 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
Genus SCAPHIOPUS, Holbrook. 
SCAPHIOPUS COUCHII, Bd. 
Scaphiopus couchii, Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, 1859, Rept., 28.—Cope, Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., vii, 18G3, 52.—Bd., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., vii, 
April, 1864, G2.—Cope, Cbeck-List N. A. Batrack. & Rept., 1875, 32. 
IIab.—Sonoran Region. 
Rather uncommon in Utah. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
109 
Provo, Utah 
July, 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow and H. W. 
- 
Henshaw. 
109 a 
do 
Do. 
SCAPHIOPUS COUCHII var. VARIUS, Cope. 
Scaphiopus varius, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., vii, 18G3, 52. 
Hab.—Lower California; Utah. 
Described from a specimen taken at Cape Saint Lucas, Lower Cali- 
fornia. Is with the preceding species uncommon in Utah; but one speci- 
men being secured at Provo. 
RANIFORMIA. 
Pam. RANIDAE. 
Genus RANA, Linn. 
RANA HALECINA, Kalm, subspecies BERLANDIERI, Baird. 
Banapipicns, Gmel., Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1788, 1052 (not of authors generally). 
liana halecina, Kalm, Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., viii, 1803, 122.—Holbrook, N. A. 
Herp., i, 89 j iv, 1842, 91.—Bd., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, 45.—Storer, Mass. 
Rept., 2d ed., 1839, 237.—Coop. & Suckl., Nat. Hist. Wash. Terr., 18G0, 
304.—Hayd., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., xii, 1862, 177.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Pliila., 18G6, 301.—Allen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat, Hist., xvii, 1874, 70 
(and of authors generally).—Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Rept., 
1875, 32. 
Rana utricularis, Harlan, Am. Jour. Sci., x, 1825, GO.—Id., Med. & Phys. Res., 
112-224. 
Shad Frog, Bar tram’s Travels, 274. AN UK A—KAN1DAE—R. HALECINA BERLANDIERI. 
527 
Subspecies berlandieri, Baird. 
liana berlandieri, Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bouml. Surv., ii, Reptiles, 1859, 27, pi. xxxvi, figs. 
7-10. 
liana halecina, Kalm, subspecies berlandieri, Baird.—Cope, Check-List N. A. Batracli. 
& Kept., 1875, 32. 
IIab.—Entire Interior of North America; Mexico. 
Tolerably common in New Mexico; also found in Utah in 1872. 
This species is quite common and widely distributed, living in the 
vicinity of marshy ground. The specimen marked 445 in the collection of 
1873 shows a very large and unusual development of size. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
P 
P i 
P 2 
P3 
D 
D i 
D 2 
D3 
L>4 
D5 
D 6 
(?) 
T 
14 A B 
14 A BC 
197 E 
455 
455 A 
197 D 
14 A 
(?) 
L 5 A 
>37 
>53 
>53 A 
>53 B 
>53 C 
>57 
>57 A 
>53 D 
382 
L63 
July, 1872 
do 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow and H. W. 
Ilenshaw. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
II W. Ilenshaw. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr. II. C. Yarrow. 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow and H. W. 
Ilenshaw. 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock. 
Do. 
Do. 
II. \V. Ilenshaw. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock. 
Do. 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
W.G. Shedd. 
Dr. II. C. Yarrow. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Lieut. R. Birnie. 
Dr. O. Loew. 
do 
do 
Aug., 1872 
do 
do 
do 
do 
.... do 
do 
Sept., 1872 
June, 1873 
do 
San Luis Valley, Colo 
Nutria, N. Mex 
July, 1873 
do 
Denver, Colo 
Sept., 1873 
Aug., 1874 
Taos, N. Mex 
do 
do 
do 
do .... 
do 
Plaza del Alcalde, N. Mex 
San Juan River, N. Mex 
Sept, 1874 
....do 
Santa F6, N. Mex 528 
ZOOLOGY—BATEACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
RANA SEPTENTRIONALIS, Baird. 
Rana scptenlrionalis, Bd., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, Cl (R. sinnata, Bd.). 
Hab.—Canada to Montana and Utah. 
Very numerous in the vicinity of Provo, Utah, which, as far as known, 
is its most southern and western limit. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
F i 
Provo, Utah 
July, 1872 
do 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
F 2 
do 
F •; 
do 
Do. 
EANA ONCA, Cope, sp. nov. 
Plate XXV, Figs. 1, 2,3. 
Head oval; muzzle sloping to the lip. Diameter of tympanic mem- 
brane equal distance between nares and between nostril and orbit, and 
three-fourths the diameter of the orbit or the distance from nares to 
margin of lip in front. Vomerine teeth in fasciculi behind the line connect- 
ing the posterior borders of the choanse. A dermal fold on each side of the 
back, and a short one behind the angle of the mouth, with some scattered 
warts on the sides; skin otherwise entirely smooth. Toes obtuse, with 
wide webs reaching to the base of the penultimate phalange. One long 
metatarsal tubercle; no fold on the tarsus; a dermal border on outer toe. 
The heel extends beyond the end of the muzzle. 
Liglit-brown above; below yellow. Three rows of rather distant, solid, 
small, black spots between the dorsal folds; two or three rows on each side; 
none of the spots yellow-bordered. Head unspotted; no band on the lip. 
A brown, vertical band on the front of the humerus. Scattered spots on 
tibia and femur; clouded spots on the posterior face of the femur. Size of 
IIana clamata. 
This frog, of which a female specimen was obtained, combines charac- 
teristics of different groups; its coloration resembles somewhat that of the 
eastern or typical form of liana halecina, but the full palmation of the hind OPIIIDIA—CROTALIDAE—CROTALUS LUCIFER. 
529 
foot is that of B. montezumce and B. cateshiana. It is also quite similar to 
the variety of B. temporaria from California, called B. draytonii by Baird 
and Girard, and B. longipes by Hallowell. The feet are shorter, the hind 
foot being twice as long as the head to the posterior border of the tympanum, 
while in B. t. draytonii it is 2.5 times as long. The B. onca lacks the black 
cheek-patch of the B. temporaria. 
Specimen secured in 1872 in Utah by Dr. II. C. Yarrow. 
The plate affords view of dorsum and mouth of this species. 
OPHIDIA. 
SOLENOGLYPHA. 
Fam. crotalidae 
Genus CROTALUS, Linn. 
CROTALUS AUAMANTEUS, Beauvois, subspecies ATROX, Baird & Girard. 
Crotalus atrox, Baird & Girard, Cat. N. A. Kept., pt. i, Serp., 1853,5-156.—Bd. P. R. 
R. Rep., x, 1859, 39.—Id., U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Kept., 1859, 14. 
Caudisona atrox, Cope, Mitchell’s Res., 1861, 121.—Id., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., 
1866, 309. 
Crotalus adamanteus, subspecies atrox, Cope,Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Kept., 1875,33. 
Haii.—Indian Territory and Texas to Sonora and Southern and Lower California. 
Rather uncommon. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
446 
Fort Wintrate, N. Mex 
July 26, 1873 
II. W. Henshaw. 
CBOTALUS LUCIFER, Baird & Girard. 
Crotalus luci/er, Baird & Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., vi, 1852, 171.—Id., 
Cat. N. A. Kept., pt. i, SerpM 1853, C.—Girard, Herp., U. S. Exp. Exped., 
1858,187.—Bd.,1\ R. R. Rep.,x, 1850, fo.—Coop. & Suckl., Nat. Hist. Wash. 
Terr., 1860, 1860, 295.—Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Kept., 1875, 33. 
34 z 530 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
Caudisona lucifer, Cope, App. Mitchell’s Res., 1801, 321.—Id., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila., 18GG, 307-309. 
Hab.—Pacific Subregion ; mountains of Arizona. 
Stated by Professor Cope to be numerous at some points in Arizona. 
During the expedition but one was seen, and Arizona is its most eastern 
range. In California it is very common. 
N<J. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
574 / 
White Mountains, Ariz 
Aug. io, 1873 
H. W. Henshaw. 
CROTALUS CONFLUENTUS, Say. 
Crotalus confluentus, Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., ii, 3823, 48.—Baird & Girard, 
Cat. N. A. Eept., pt. i, Serp., 1853, 8.—Bd., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, 40.—Id. 
U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Eept., 1859, 14.—Coop. &Suckl., Nut. Hist. 
Wash. Terr., 1800,295.—Cope, Check-List N. A. Batracli. & Rept., 1875,33. 
Caudisona eonjluenta, Cope, App. Mitchell’s Res., 1801, 122.—Id., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila., 38GG, 307.—Allen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvii, 1874, 307-309. 
Crotalus Ucontei, Hallow., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1851, ISO.—Id., Sitgreave’s 
Exp. Zuiii & Col. Eiv., 1853, 139.—Id., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, 18.—Heerm., 
P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, 25. 
Caudisona lecontei, Cope, App. Mitchell’s Res., 1801, 121.—IIayd., Trans. Am. Phil. 
Soc., xii, 1802, 177. 
Caudisoria conjluenta var. lecontei, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1800, 307. 
Crotalus cineroeus (sic), Lec. apud Hallow., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zufii & Col. Eiv., 1853,140. 
Note.—De Kay in Nat. Hist. State of N. Y., 1842, pt. iii, 55, gives C. durissus, 
Linn., as a synonym, marked with an interrogation point. 
Hab.—Central and Sonoran Regions, entering Texan District of the Austro- 
riparian. 
This species is upon the western plains and mountains the most numer- 
ous of the Crotalidce. It exhibits in a marked degree the mimicry of color- 
ation so often seen in reptiles, varying from deep-brown to bright-gray. 
Specimen P 3 is a variety with the muzzle scutella much like C. scutulatus, 
Kenn.; No. 2 resembles it also, but in a less marked degree. OPFIIDIA—CROTALIDAE—CAUDISONA EDWARDSIL 
531 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
59 
Provo, Utah 
July, 
1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow and H. W. 
Ilenshaw. 
213 
Snake Valley, Nev 
Aug., 
1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
D 
Antelope Springs, Nev 
Do. 
188 
401 
Deseret City, Utah 
Oct., 
00 
to 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
P 
Arizona 
Nov., 
N 
S 
00 
Fraucis Klett. 
'3 
San Mateo, N. Mex 
July 6, 
1873 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
2 
Fort Wingate, N. Mex 
July, 
rO 
00 
Do. 
240 
Camp Apache, Ariz 
Aug., 
1873 
Do. 
P 3 
do 
H. W. Henshaw. 
PPP4 
Southern Arizona 
00 
M 
Oj 
Do. 
CROTALUS MOLOSSUS, Baird & Girard. 
Crotalus moltmus, Baird & Girard, Cat. N. A. Kept., pt. i, Serp., 1853,10.—Bd., U. 
S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Eept., 1859, 14, pi. 11.—Cope, Check-List N. A. 
Batracli. & Kept., 1875, 33. 
Crotalus ornatus, Hallow., Pioc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1854, 192.—Id., P. R. R. 
Rep., x, 1859, 23. 
Caudisona molossus, Mitchell’s Res., 1801, 124.—Cope, Pioc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 
1800, 307-308. 
IIAB.—Sonoran Region, entering Texas District. 
Apparently as rare as the preceding species. Attains a large size. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
P P P i 
, 1873 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Genus CAUDISONA, Laurenti. 
CAUDISONA EDWARDSII, Baird & Girard. 
Crotalophorus edicardsii, Baird & Girard, Cut. N. A. Kept., pt. i, Serp., 1853, 15.— 
Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Reptiles, 1859, 15. 
Caudisona edicardsii, Cope, Check-List N. A. Batracli. & Kept., 1875, 34. 
IIaii.—Sonoran District. 
This beautiful species lias been met with but in one instance by the 
collectors of the expedition. 532 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
I3°7 
Southern Arizona . 
Sept., 1874 
H. W. Henshavv. 
While in Arizona, Dr. Coues discovered a new and beautiful species 
of Crotalus (Plate xxii), which Professor Cope has described, and named 
Crotalus pyrrhus. It is the most brilliantly colored of its genus, and is allied 
to C. mitchellii. This serpent was not seen by the survey. 
Through the investigation of this genus by Professor Cope, ive are now 
acquainted with eighteen species in all belonging to it, although one or two 
still remain to be identified. From his paper on the subject, a list is given 
as follows ; but this list has since been reduced according to his new Check- 
List of N. A. Batrachia and Reptilia, published by the Smithsonian Institution. 
The intensity of the distribution of these serpents is the region of Lower 
California, Upper Sonora, and Arizona, which lias seven peculiar species, and 
three which enter from the neighboring districts. As the literature on this 
genus is much scattered, it is deemed advisable to give a synopsis according 
to Professor Cope. 
“ The genus divides itself into two natural sections : 
“ I. Top of muzzle covered by three pairs of symmetrical shields in contact; 
nasals distinct: 
“ a. Battle acuminate: 
“ C.durissus, Linn.—Scales in 29 rows; 4 rows scales below 
orbit: yellow, with two brown longitudinal bands on anterior 
part of body, remainder with black rhombs embracing yellow 
centers.—Sonora and Mexico, to Vera Cruz. 
“ C. terrificus, Laurenti.—4 rows of scales below orbit: brown, 
with two darker bands above anteriorly, and a series of large, 
darker dorsal rhombs, with yellow outlines.—Brazil, Mexico. 
“ C. basiliscus, Cope.—2 and 3 rows of scales below eye; rows 
on body 29; labials 14: yellow-brown, with large adjacent 
chestnut; red-yellow bordered dorsal rhombs, alternating with 
chestnut spots; no longitudinal bands anteriorly.—Western 
Mexico. OI’HIDIA—CKOTALIDAE—CROTALUS SCUTULATUS. 
533 
“ aa. Rattle paraUelogrammic : 
“ C.molossus, Baird and Girard.—29 rows of scales; 18 labials, 
separated by 5 rows from orbit: brownish sulphur above, with 
small, transverse, reddish, dorsal rhombs, the angles produced 
as lateral bands; no longitudinal bands on neck ; tail black.— 
Arizona and New Mexico. 
“ II. Nasal plates distinct; muzzle ivith small plates or numerous scales above: 
“ a. Muzzle ivith 2 marginal shields above each canthus rostralis : 
ub. An elevated, narrow, cuneiform rostral :* 
“C. polgstidus, Cope.—Scales 27 rows; superior labials 14, 
separated from orbit by 2 rows: gray-brown, with 7 longitudinal 
rows of brown spots; top of head variegated.—Mexico. 
“C. triseriatus, Wagler.—Scales 23 rows; 2 pairs of large, 
scales on top of muzzle; 6 rows between orbits: yellowish, with 
a dorsal series of subround brown spots.—Mexico. 
“ C. confuentus, Say.—Scales 25-7 ? (—9) rows; labials 15 
to 18, separated from orbit by 4 rows; 6 to 10 rows between 
superciliaries: yellow line from superciliaries above angle of 
mouth ; a median dorsal row of brown spots, emarginate before 
and behind, with alternating lateral series.—Central and South- 
west North America. 
“C. lucifer, Baird and Girard.—Scales 25-7; labials 15- 
1G, with 4 rows above them: numerous subround, blackish, 
dorsal spots, separated by narrow yellow lines; a light band 
from supercilia above angle of mouth.—Pacific Region of North 
America, Arizona. 
“ C. scutulatuSj Kennicott.—Scales 25 rows; superior labials 
16; 3 or 4 rows interorbital scales, bounded in front by .two 
shields: yellow stripe from eyebrow above rictus oris: yellowish 
brown, with a dorsal series of truncate, brown, yellow edged 
rhombs; tail black ringed.—Arizona. 
‘‘Note.—Mr. Henshaw informs me he killed several serpents 
* Professor Co|»e statoH that tlio former division of the species based on the acuminate or parallelo- 
grftmmic form of tho rattle must ho abandoned, as several of them with acuminate rattle exhibit a 
one when they reach a large size. 534 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
in Southern Arizona, which was probably this species, but he 
was unable to preserve them; the rattle and tail showing them 
to belong to this division of the genus. 
11C. atrox, Baird and Girard.—Scales 25-7 rows; labials 
15; muzzle with small scales above: yellowish, with a dorsal 
series of completely yellow edged, brown rhombs; yellow band 
from supercilian above angle of mouth; tail black ringed.— 
Texas and Sonora. 
“ C. adamanteus, Beauvois.—Scales 27 rows; labials 15-16 ; 
muzzle above with small scales, acuminate: brown, with three 
series of brown, yellow edged, complete rhombs, the median 
larger, only separated by their yellow margins; a yellow line 
from supercilian to angle of mouth.—Florida and Georgia. 
11C. horridus, Linn.—Scales 23-5, all carinate; labials 12— 
14; 2 rows between them and the orbit: light line from 
superciliary plate to angle of mouth; two series of dorsal 
rhombs, confluent except on the anterior part of the body, form- 
ing transverse zigzag blotches; tail black.—Eastern District of 
North America. 
“bb. One equilateral broad or depressed rostral: 
“ C.enyo, Cope.—Scales 23 rows ; superior labials 13; super- 
ciliaries separated by 6 rows; scales on muzzle small: above 
yellow, with a median series of small transverse rhombs, which 
are prolonged into vertical lateral black bars; former median 
and longitudinal on neck; light line to above cantlms oris.— 
Lower California. 
“ C. tigris, Kennicott.—Scales 21-3 rows, numerous smooth 
plates on top of muzzle, rostral lower; labials 14, separated by 
2 rows from orbit; superciliary space wide : yellowish ash, with 
small dorsal blotches on anterior one-third, and cross bands on 
posterior two-thirds of body.—Deserts of Gila and Colorado. 
uaa. Upper margin of cantlms rostralis, with small scales like the others : 
11 d. Prenasal in contact with rostral; superciliary prolonged into a horn: 
11C.cerastes,Hallowell.—2elongate preorbitals; rostral broad 535 
OPIIIDIA—CROTALIDAE—APLOASPlS LEPIDA. 
as high; rattle parallelogrammic; scales 21-3; labials 11- 
13 : light yellowish, with several series small brown spots, 
median largest.—Deserts of the Gila and Colorado, Arizona. 
“Note.—Lieutenant Wheeler informs me that during his boat trip up 
the Colorado in September, 1871, very many serpents presumably of this 
species were seen on the rocky and sandy banks of the river. 
“ The Indian guides and porters moved among them apparently fearless 
of their bite, as at the time they were shedding their skin, and blind. They 
were also seen in Arizona, and are called ‘ side-winders ’ by the settlers, 
owing to their peculiar lateral progressive motion. 
udd. Prenasal separated from rostral by scales ; superciliary not pro- 
longed: 
“ C. mitchellii, Cope.—Rostral broad as long; scales 25 rows; 
labials 16, separated from orbits by 3 rows; 2 elongate pre- 
orbitals ; 1 loreal: yellowisli-gray, with indistinct quadrate 
dorsal spots, separated by yellow, and becoming cross bands on 
posterior fourth ; rattle parallelogrammic.—Lower California; 
“C. pyrrhus, Cope.—Rostral broad as long; head very 
obtuse, rounded; scales 25 rows, 7 between superciliaries, 3 
below orbit; labials 14; 2 very small preorbitals, and 4 loreals : 
pale vermilion, varied with yellow on the sides of the belly, 
with numerous large reddish-bay, transverse hexagons, which 
become transverse bands on posterior two-thirds of length, 
yellow below ; rattle subacuminate.—Arizona. 
“ The C. lepida of Kennicott is the type of a genus formerly defined 
under the name of Aploaspsis, and characterized by the presence of a single 
large nasal shield, which is pierced by a small central nostril. 
“ I. Muzzle with numerous smooth plates above : 
UA. lepida, Kennicott.—Rostral broad, low; scales of top of 
muzzle and vertex large, smooth ; upper preorbital very small; 
loreals 3; labials 12, separated by one row from orbit; no post- 
ocular band.—Rio Grande, Texas. 536 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
“The following table shows how these are distributed: 
“Regio Neotropica 5 
“S. R. Brasiliana - — 2 
“S. R. Mexicana 4 
“Regio Nearctica 13 
“S. R. Sonoriana 10 
“S. R. Californiana 1 
“S. R. Media 3 
“S. R. Orientalis 2 
18 
Since this synopsis was published, Professor Cope, as already stated, 
has restudied the genera and species of this group, and made important 
changes, reducing the number of species from 18 to 15; some of the species 
formerly considered by him as valid being now characterized as subspecies. 
From his check-list, shortly to be published by the Smithsonian Institution, 
which he has kindly furnished me, I am enabled to give the following list of 
species: 
CliOTALIDAE. 
Aploaspis lepida, Kennicott. 
Crotalus pyrrhus, Cope. 
Crotalus mitchellii, Cope. 
Crotalus cerastes, Hallow. 
Crotalus tigris, Kennicott. 
Crotalus enyo, Cope. 
Crotalus liorridus, Linn. 
Crotalus adamanteus, Beauv., subspecies adamanteus, Beauv. 
Crotalus adamanteus, Beauv., subspecies atrox, Baird & Girard. 
Crotalus adamanteus, Beauv., subspecies scutulatus, Kennicott. 
Crotalus lucifer, Baird & Girard. 
Crotalus polystictus, Cope. 
Crotalus confluentus, Say. 
Crotalus molossus, Baird & Girard. 
Caudisona rava, Cope. 
Caudisona miliaria, Linn. 
Caudisona cdwardsii, Baird & Girard. 
Caudisona tergemina, Say. OFHIDIA—COLUBRIDAE—OPHIBOLUS PYRRHOMELAS. 
537 
AS1NEA. 
Fam. colubridae. 
Genus CONTIA, Baird & Girard. 
CONTIA ISOZONA, Cope. 
Plate XVII1, Figs. 1, and 1, a. 
Contia isozona, CorE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18GG, 304.—Id., Check-List N. A. 
Batracli. & Rept., 1875, 3G. 
Hail—Utah, Nevada, Arizona. 
0 
Two specimens of this beautiful species were procured in Nevada in 
1871. The description was based upon specimens procured in Arizona by 
Dr. E. Coues, U. S. A. It has also been taken in Kane County, Utah. 
Genus OPHIBOLUS, Baird & Girard. 
OPHIBOLUS DOLIATUS, Linn., subspecies ANNULATUS, Kenn. 
iMinpropcltis annulata, Kenn., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18G0, 329.—Cope, Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila,, 18G0, 257. 
Ophibolux doliahix, subspecies annulatus, Cope, Check-List N. A. Batracli. & Rept., 
1875, 36. 
IIab.—Kansas, Arkansas, Texas, Arizona. 
Tolerably common in Arizona. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
P 2 
Camp Apache, Am 
July. 1873 
H. W. Henshaw. 
P3 
Do. 
OPHIBOLUS PYRRHOMELAS, Cope. 
Plate XIX, Figs. 1, 1, a, and 2. 
Ophibolus pyrrhomelanus, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1806, 305. 
Ophibolus pyrrhomelas, Cope, Check-List N. A. Batracli. & Rept., 1875, 37. 
Hail—Arizona and California. 
This species was discovered in Arizona by Dr. E. Coues, U. S. A., and 
in 1871 several specimens were secured by this expedition, from which it is 538 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
inferred to be tolerably common. Is closely allied to the succeeding species. 
From an examination of the plate, it will be seen that two individuals of the 
same species vary greatly in coloration and markings. 
OPHIBOLUS GETULUS, Linn., subspecies BOYLII, Baird & Girard. 
Ophibolus boylii, Baird & Girard, Cat. N. A. Kept., pt. i, Serp., 1853, 82.—Bd. P. R. 
R. Rep., x, 1859, 2.—Id., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Kept., 1859, 20.— 
Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 186G, 315. 
Lampropeltis boylii, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18G0, 255. 
Goronella baltcata, Hallow., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1853, 236.—Id., P. R. R. Rep., 
x, 1859, 14. 
Ophibolus gctulus, Linn., subspecies boylii, Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Kept., 
1875, 37. 
Hab.—Pacific and Sonoran Regions. 
This species is tolerably common in the more southern localities visited. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
54 A B 
Southern Arizona 
Oct., 1873 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
Genus DIADOPHIS, Baird & Girard. 
DIADOPHIS PULCHELLUS, Baird & Girard. 
Diadophus pulchellus, Baird & Girard, Cat. N. A. Kept., pt. i, Serp., 1853, 115.—Bd. 
P. K. R. Rep., x, 1857, 11. 
Hab.—Arizona. 
A single specimen only secured in 1873, which has 17 rows of dorsal 
scales on the back instead of 15; no brown stripes on back. 
Not abundant in regions visited. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
605 
Camp Apache, Ariz 
Aug. 25, 1873 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Genus PHIMOTHYRA, Cope (Salvadora). 
PHIMOTHYKA GRAHAMIAE, Baird & Girard. 
Salvadora grahamice, Baird & Girard, Gat. N. A. Kept., pt. i, Serp., 1853,104, 101.— 
1>d., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Kept., 1859, 21. 
Phimothyra graliamiw, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1800, 310.—Id., Clieck-List 
N. A. Batrach. & Kept., 1875, 38. 
Had.—Lower Californian and Sonoran Kegious to Utah & Texas. OPIIIDIA—COLUBRIDAE-PITYOPniS SAYI, MEXICANUS. 
539 
This species is very closely allied to P. hexalepis * Cope, from Arizona, 
discovered by Dr. Coues, but has a larger tail, four times in length instead 
of three, besides other specific differences. 
Is not common. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
r4 
Southeastern Arizona 
Oct., 1873 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Genus CYCLOPHIS, Gunther. 
CYCLOPIIIS VERNALIS, De Kay. 
Colvin• rcrnalis, De Kay, MSS.—Harlan, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v, 1827, 301.— 
Id., Med. & Pliys. lies., 1835, 124.—Stoeer, Mass. Kept., 1839, 224.—Hol- 
brook, N. A. Ileip., iii, 1842, 79, pi. xvii.—I)e Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Reptiles, 
1842, 40, pi. xi, f. 22.—TllOMP., Hist. Verm., 1842, 117. 
Chlcroscma urnalis, Baird & Girard, Cat. N. A. Kept. pt. i, Serp., 1853, 108. 
Berpetcdryas urnalis, Hallow., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, Oct., 1856,243.— 
Tenney, Nat. Hist., 1800, 304. 
Cyclopliis nrnalis, Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Kept., 1875, 38. 
Dab.—Eastern and Austroripariau Regions; rare in the latter. 
The specimen indicated below is the only one collected by the expedi- 
tion, and is the first indication of the existence of the species in the Rocky 
Mountain region. 
No. 
Locality. 
Dale. ‘ 
Collector. 
ql5 
Abiquiu, N. Mex 
Aug., 1874 
Dr. O. Loew. 
Genus PITYOPHIS, Holbrook. 
P1TYOPH1S SAYJ, Schlegel, subspecies MEXICANUS, Dumdril & Bibron. 
Pityopkis mexicanvs, Dumeuil & Bibron, Exp. G6n., vii, 23G. 
Pity aphis sayi Sciilegel, subspecies mcxicanus, Dumeril & Bibron, Cope, Check- 
last N. A. Batrach. & Kept., 1875, 39. 
Uab.—Sonoran and Central Regions, entering the Texan District. 
Quite abundant, showing same diversity of coloration as following spe- 
* P/iimothyra grahamice, subspecies hexalepis, Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Kept., 
1873, 38. 
Phimothyra hexalepis, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I860, 305. 540 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
cies. The specimen marked Y Y Y has had the tail broken, and it is 
capped by a horny segment. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
63 
Y Y Y 
Oak Orchard, Ariz 
Aug., 1873 
Sept., 1874 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
Dr. LI. C. Yarrow. 
San Ildefonso, N. Mex 
PITYOPHIS SAYI, Schlegel, subspecies BELLONA, Baird & Girard. 
a. SAYI. 
Coluber melanoleucus var. sayi, Harlan, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., v, 1827, 360.— 
Id., Med. & Pliys. Res., 1835, 123. 
Coluber sayi, Schlegel, Ess. Physiog. Serp., 1837, 157 (not Coronella sayi, Holbrook, 
nor Coluber sayi, Harlan, which are Ophibolus).—Baird & Girard, Cat. 
N. A. Rept., pt. i, Serp., 1853, 151. 
Pityophis sayi, Baird & Girard, Cat, N. A. Rept., pt. i, Serp., 1853, 152 (in text).— 
Kennicott apud Coop. & Suckl., Nat, Hist. Wash. Terr., 1860, 300.— 
Hayd., Trans. Philo. Soc. Phila., xii, 1862, 177 (not found in the Sonoran 
region.) 
b. BELLONA. 
Churchillia bellona, Baird & Girard, Stilus. Rep. Exp. Great Salt Lake, 1852, 350. 
Pityophis affinis, Hallow., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1852, 181.—Hallow., 
Sitgreave’s Rep. Zuni & Col. lliv., 1853, 130, 146. 
Pituophis bellona, Baird & Girard, Cat. N. A. Rept., pt. i, Serp., 1853, 66, 157. 
Pityophis bellona, Kennicott apud Bd., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, 42.—Bd., P. R. R. 
Rep., x, 1859, 19.—Kennicott apud Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bouud. Surv., ii, 
Rept., 1859, 18.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., 1866, 305.—Allen, 
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvii, 1874, 69. 
Pityophis sayi, Schlegel, var. bellona, Baird & Girard, Cope, Check-List N. A. 
Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 39. 
• 
Hab.—Sonoran and Pacific Subregions, with Nevada and Utah. 
Abundant throughout the regions visited. A full suite of specimens 
secured, showing great diversity of coloration and variability of head shields, 
as alluded to by Professor Cope (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., 1866, 305). OPI11DIA—COLUBR1DAE—B. CONSTRICTOR VETUSTUM. 
541 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
J 
Provo, Utah 
July, 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow and H. W. 
Henshaw. 
203 
Pyrmont, Nev 
Aug., 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
204 
do 
Do. 
E 
Snake Creek, Nev 
Do. 
>93 
Rush Lake, Utah 
Sept., 1872 
H. W. Ilenshaw. 
c 
Fillmore, Utah 
Dr. II. C. Yarrow. 
C 1 
do 
do 
Do. 
A 
Beaver, Utah 
do 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow and II. W. 
Henshaw. 
C 0 
Fort Wingate, N. Mex 
July 20, 1873 
II. W. Ilenshaw. 
E 7 
Gila River, N. Mex 
Aug., 1873 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
95> 
Fort Bayard, N. Mex 
Oct. 22, 1873 
H. W. Henshaw. 
123 
Willow Spring, Ariz 
July, 1874 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock. 
cc 
do 
II. W. Henshaw. 
J D 
58 
New Mexico 
do 
Do. 
364 
Pagosa, Colo 
Sept., 1874 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow and C. E. 
Aiken. 
280 
do 
do 
C. E. Aiken. 
do 
do 
D. Mears. 
W 1 
do 
do 
Lieut. C. W. Whipple. 
PITYOPIIIS ELEGANS, Kennicott. 
Arizona clcgans, Kennicott, U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Rept., 1850,18.—Bd., P. R. R 
Rep., x, 1859, 42, pi. xiii.—Kennicott apud Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound 
Surv., ii, 1859, pi. xiii. 
Pityophis clegans, Cope, Check-List N. A. Bat rack. & Rept., 1875, 39. 
IIab.—Sonoran Region. 
Not nearly so abundant as the preceding species. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
R 4 A 
1200 
Southeastern Arizona 
Oet., 1873 
Oct., 1874 
II. W. Ilenshaw. 
Southern Arizona 
Do 
Genus BASCANIUM, Baird & Girard. 
BASCANIUM CONSTRICTOR, Linn., subspecies VETUSTUM, Baird & Girard. 
Coluber flaviventris, Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., ii, 1823, 185. 
Ba scan ion Jlaricentris, Baird & Girard, Cat. N. A., Rept., pt. i, Serp., Jan., 1853, 90.— 
Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Rept., 1859, 20. 
Coryphodon flaviventris, Hallow., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., Oct., 1850, 241. 
Boscanionrestutus, Baird & Girard, Cat. A., Rept., pt. i, Serp., 1853,97.—Girard, 
Herp. U.S.Exp. Exped., 1858,127.—Cooper, P.R.R. Rep., xii,pt.ii, 1800,301. 542 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
Bascanium constrictor, Linn., subspecies vestutum, Baird & Girard.—Cope, Check- 
List N. A. Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 40. 
Hab.—Pacific Region. 
The only species of the former genus Bascanium met with in Utah in 
1872, although we wrere informed that B. constrictor had been observed. 
This serpent is entitled “Blue Chaser” by the settlers, and appears to be 
dreaded, for what reason we were unable to ascertain. 
Quite common. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
3i 
Provo, U tah . 
July, 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow and H. W. 
Henshaw. 
262 
Pueblo, Colo 
July, 1874 
C. E. Aiken. 
236O 
Tierra Amarilla, N. Mex 
Sept., 1874 
Prof. E. D. Cope. 
BASCANIUM FLAGELLIFORME, Catesby, subspecies TESTACEUM, Say. 
Coluber testaceus, Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., ii, 1823, 48.—Harlan, Jour. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Pliila., v, 1827, 348.—Holbrook, N. A. Herp., iii, 1842, G3.— 
Harlan, Med. & Pliys. Res., 1835, 113. 
Masticophis testaccus, Baird & Girard, U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Rept., 1859, 20.— 
Bd., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, 43.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., 
18G6, 305. 
Drymobius tcstaceus, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., 18G0, 5G1. 
Psammophis Jlavigularis, Hallow., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., vi, 1852, 178.—Id., 
Sitgreave’s Exp. Zufii & Col. Riv., 1853, 131-14G. 
Masticophis Jlavigularis, Baird & Girard, Cat. N. A. Rept., pt. i, Serp., 1853, 99, 159. 
Hcrpetodryas Jlavigularis, Hallow., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859,12. 
Bascanium Jlagelliforme, Catesby, subspecies testaceum, Say, Cope, Clieck-List N. A. 
Batracli. & Rept., 1875, 40. 
Hab.—Lower Californian and Sonoran Regions, with Nevada, Utah, and Texas. 
Very abundant in regions visited, and particularly noticeable on account 
of diversity and mimicry of color, depending in a marked degree upon the 
character of locality where found. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
D i 
Middle Utah 
Sept., 1872 
H. W. Henshaw. 
P 
Camp Apache, Ariz 
Aug., 1873 
Do. 
P i 
Do. 
277 
Pueblo, Colo 
July, 1874 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
L7 
New Mexico 
Sept., 1874 
Dr. 0. Loew. OPUIDIA— COLUBRIDAE—B. TAENIATUM LATERALE. 
543 
BASCANIUM TAENIATUM, Hallow., subspecies LATERALE, Hallow. 
Leptophis taniata, Hallow., Troc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1852, 181.—Id., Sit- 
greave’s Exp. Zufii & Cal. Biv., 1853, 133-140. 
Masticophis tccniatus, Baird & Girard, Cat. N. A. Rep., pt. i, Serp., 1853, 103.—Bd., 
P. 11. R. Rep., x, 1851), 20, pi. ii.—Id., P. Ii. R. Rep., 1859, x,—Coop. & 
Suckl., Nat. Hist. Wash. Terr., 18G0, 302.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila., 1800, 305. 
Drymobias tccniatus, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18G0, 5G1. 
Masticophis schottii, Baird & Girard, Cat. N. A. Rept. pt. i, Serp., 1853, 1G0.—Bd., U. 
S. & Mex. Bound. Sure., ii, 1859, 20.—(Leptophis lateralis, Hallow., Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1853, 237, and Masticophis ornata, Baird & Girard, 
Cat. N. A. Serp., should probably be added to this list as a synonym.) 
Bascanhm tccniatum, Hallow., subspecies laterale, Hallow., Cope, Check-List N. 
A. Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 40. 
IIab.—Pacific and Sonoran Regions, Utah, and Nevada. 
As numerous as the preceding species, and exhibiting the same pecu- 
liarities. 
It should be mentioned the last two species were, until very recently, 
known as Masticophis; but Professor Cope, after a careful study of their 
generic characters has regarded this na*ne as a mere synonym of Bas- 
canium. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
234 
Antelope Springs, Nev 
Aug. 1, 
CO 
VI 
U 
Dr. II. C. Yarrow. 
205 
Rush Lake, Utah 
Sept., 
1872 
H. W. Henshaw. 
XXX 
Cave Spring, Ariz 
Sept., 
00 
I 
Do. 
P P P 2 
Southern Arizona 
Oct., 
00 
Do. 
52 A 
Nutria, N. Mex 
July, 
1874 
Do. 
737 
Camp Grant, Ariz 
Sept., 
1874 
Jas. M, Rutter. 
II H 
Southern Arizona 
Oct., 
1874 
H. \V. Henshaw. 
The following genus is a new one erected by Professor Cope to receive 
a species of serpent found in Arizona. But a single specimen was secured. 
Genus CHILOPOMA, Cope. 
Teetli subequal; the last one or two on the maxillary bone a little 
stouter than the others, and separated from them by an interspace; not 
grooved. Cephalic scuta normal above; one nasal shield and one loreal, 
which enters the orbital border. Rostral obtuse, with prominent lateral and 
posterior borders. Scales keeled; anal scutum entire; subcaudal scutella 
divided. General form that of Eutcenia. 544 
ZOOLOGY—B ATRAC EIANS AND REPTILES. 
The type of this genus displays a slight tendency to the form of rostral 
shield seen in Phimotliyra, while the lateral head shields remind one of Cyclo- 
jphis cestivus. It is, however, more like Eutamia in general characters. 
CHILOPOMA RUFIPtJNCTATUM, Cope, gen. et. sjp. nov. 
Plate XX, Fig. 1. 
Rostral plate turned over on the superior face of the muzzle, and with 
a truncate posterior border; the transverse extent three times the length. 
Internasals a little longer than wide; the prefrontals decurved laterally. 
Nasal long and rather narrow; loreal elongate and with convex superior 
border. Preocular higher than wide, in contact with frontal. The latter 
plate elongate and obtuse behind. Parietals elongate, bounding the entire 
superior postocular behind. Postoculars three; temporals 1-3-3. Eight 
superior labials, the last very small; the fourth and fifth bounding the orbit 
below. Nine inferior labials; geneials elongate, the pairs subequal. The 
head is an elongate oval, nan-owed anteriorly, and quite distinct from the 
neck. The tail is one-fourtli the total length. Scales in twenty-one longi- 
tudinal rows, all strongly keeled, excepting the first and second on each 
side; all poreless. Gastrosteges 177; urosteges, entire 4, divided 83. 
General color above light-brown, olive-shaded on the head. The ante- 
rior half of the body is marked with six rows of small, alternating bright 
rufous or orange spots, each of which occupies one, and sometimes an 
adjoining scale. They stand on the first and second, the fifth, and on the 
eighth rows respectively. On the posterior third of the length, they are 
wanting, and are indistinct posterior to the middle of the length. The lower 
surfaces are pale brownish-gray; the base of each gastrostege with blackish 
markings. Labial plates light; head without spots. There is an inferior 
preocular higher than long on one side of this specimen. 
Total length, .257; to rictus oris, .010; to vent, .195. Diameter of 
eye, .003 ; of interocular space, .0035. 
This species was found by Mr. II. W. Henshaw in Southern Arizona 
in 1874. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
1097 
Southern Arizona 
Oct., 1874 
H. W. Henshaw. OPIIIDIA—COLUBRIDAE—EUTAENIA ELEGANS. 
545 
Genus EUTAENIA, Baird and Girard. 
A number of changes in the arrangement and nomenclature of the 
species of this genus have been made by Professor Cope, according to his 
new check-list; and, for the purpose of comparison, the new arrangement 
is here given with his permission, as well as his new synopsis. 
Synopsis. 
I. Lateral stripe on third and fourth rows of scales; rows 19 : 
A. Scales little or not spotted: 
* Dorsal band complete, light-colored: 
Tail more than 0.35 of total length; sides pale below lateral line; 
to 3£ a. E. saurita. 
Tail less than 0.33 in length; black lateral band bordered by two 
rows of black scales E. faireyi. 
'Tail 3J times or more in total length; light below last line, 
E. proxima. 
** Dorsal band incomplete; all the scales keeled E. sackenii. 
AA. Scales above and below lateral band with quadrate black spots: 
f Superior labials 7 ; 19 series scales E. radix. 
ft Superior labials 8 ; 21 rows scales: 
Three rows spots on each side on scales; belly cross-lined; a 
black chevron on neck E. macrostemma. 
Three rows minute spots not covering scales; no black chevron ; 
lateral band on third row of scales only var. megalops. 
TI. Lateral stripe on second and third rows of scales: 
f 21 rows scales; 8 superior labials; one dorsal stripe weak or wanting: 
Lateral spots obsolete; no dorsal band. Yellow bands on labials; 
a black chevron on neck E. liammondii. 
Lateral spots large, distinct; yellow bands as above. .E. marciana. 
Lateral spots small; no bands on head; belly variably plumbeous, 
E. vagrans. 
Muzzle a little longer (type nearly black) subsp. angustirostris. 
A broad dorsal band; no spots; no yellow b nd or chevron; sides 
black to orbit E. elegans. 
3d Z 4 546 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACEIIANS AND REPTILES. 
ff 19 rows scales; 8 superior labials: 
Head short; eye large; two rows black lateral spots; a huge nuchal 
spot; spots below lateral band E. cyrtopsis. 
' Dorsal band not bordered, bands from eye; head narrower, no 
bands from eye; lateral band indistinct; dorsal bordered, 
E. sirtalis subsp. dorsalis. 
Iff 19 rows scales; 7 superior labials: 
Two series of spots between vertebral and lateral bands; no light 
band on head; belly green; lateral band little defined below, 
E. sirtalis. 
No dorsal band; spots scarcely visible on scales; lateral indistinct, 
subsp. ordinatus. 
a. Dorsal band: 
Spots all distinct subsp. sirtalis. 
Spots obscure; space between bands uniform brown, 
subsp. obscura. 
Spots large; of superior row united, forming a broad black band, 
v subsp. parietalis. 
Spots small; a narrow line connecting superiors as border of 
band subsp. dorsalis. 
Spots confluent into a dark band: 
A lateral band (ac.) subsp. pickerinyii. 
No lateral band subsp. pickerinyii. 
Spots minute; a black band on each side dorsal, and black band 
on fourth and fifth lateral rows subsp. tetratcenia. 
fttf Scales 17 rows: 
Labials 7; two rows of spots distinct; none below the faint 
lateral E. cooperii. 
Black, with a broad yellow dorsal band only E. atrata. 
To assist in a proper recognition of the many species of this genus, 
the following sjmoptic table is added: 
“A.—Lateral stripe on third and fourth row of scales; dorsal rows 19. 
11 * Body very slender, elongated; tail very long. 
UE. saurita, B. and G.—Very slender; color above liglit-chocolate; 01*1111)IA—COLUBRIDAE—EUTAENIA SUMICURASTII. 
547 
three stripes of uniform yellow; below the lateral stripes light-brown; 
abdomen greenish-white; average length of tail more than one-third total 
length. 
“E. sackenii, Kennicott, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1859, 98.—Very slender; 
tail one-third total length ; crown more elevated and convex anteriorly than 
in E. saurita. Olive-black above, not lighter below the greenish-yellow 
lateral stripe; very narrow in the third and fourth lateral rows; no dorsal 
stripe; abdomen uniformly greenish; resembles E. saurita, but has no dorsal 
stripe, simply a trace half an inch behind the head. 
UE. megalops, Kennicott, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18G0, 330.—Re- 
sembles E. proxima, but is shorter and stouter, having shorter tail, which is 
one-fourth the total length; eye much larger than E. proxima; dorsal stripe 
narrow, covering one and less than two half rows of scales; uniform brown- 
ish-ash, with three longitudinal stripes whitish-yellow; head olive-ash. 
“E. fairegi, 13. and G.—Stouter than E. saurita; head large; tail less 
than one-third total length; body above blackish brown, with 3 longitudinal 
stripes of uniform tint; abdomen greenish-white. 
“E. proxima, 13. and G., Catalogue.—Body stoutest of division; total 
length about three and a half times that of the tail; black above, 3 longi- 
tudinal stripes, the dorsal ocliraceous, yellow, or brown; lateral greenish- 
white or yellow. 
“ ** Body stouter; tail shorter. 
UE. flavilabris, Cope.—Form stout; head short, rounded; occipital 
regions convex; labials 7-8; temporal plate* small; gastrostega 138-148; 
tail £ total length. Olive-brown, unspotted; dorsal and lateral stripes yel- 
low ; black-bordered tips, chin, and a posteral crescent to near occipitals, 
with occipital spots golden-yellow; 2 small, black, nuchal spots.—Mexico. 
“E. sumichrastii, Cope.—Olive-brown, with 4 series of small, black 
spots and a trace of 2 anteriorly; 8 superior labials, last very small; no 
black margin on the sixth, or posterior margin of eighth, but a strong, black 
band from eye across posterior margin of seventh to mouth. Sides of head 
white, extending upward as two areas margining each occipital; behind 
each a black nuchal spot, separated by a narrow, white line from its fellow, 548 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
and extending over occipital plates and half of frontal; prefrontals trans- 
verse.—Mexico. 
“*** Dorsal rows 21 ; form stouter. 
u E. radix, B. & G.—Stout and compact; head medium, superior labials 
seven; ground color light olive-green, with 3 longitudinal yellow stripes, 
and 6 series of distinct black spots; lateral stripe on third and fourth rows 
not well defined. 
11E. macrostemma, Kennicott.—Frontal plate longer than occipital 
suture; temporal small, margining only anterior part of penultimate labial; 
post-geneials larger than pre-geneials; superior labials 8; loreal higher 
than long, olivaceous, with one row of small, black spots below, and two 
rows above the lateral stripe. Two small, black, nuchal spots and' a short 
post-oral pale crescent. 
“B.—Body stouter; tail shorter; lateral stripe on second and third row of scales. 
“ 1 Dorsal rows 21. 
“E. vagrans, B. and G.—Frontal plates shorter than common occipital 
suture; temporal small; superior labials 8; post-geneials equal or shorter 
than pre-geneials. Ashy, sometimes brown, with narrow, unmarginal stripes, 
and very small lateral spots in two rows. 
“ In addition to these species, we have, according to Baird and Girard’s 
catalogue, the following: 
UE. angustirostris, Kennicott, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 332.— 
Body rather stout; tail less than one-fourth total length, and very small; head 
more elongated and narrow than any of this genus; snout long, narrow, and 
pointed; crown place above eye large ; dorsal stripe narrow, very indistinct; 
an indistinct, dull, whitish, lateral stripe on the second and third rows; 
above lateral stripes dark olive-brown or black; abdomen dark ashy-olive 
or black. 
“E. ordinoides, B. and G., Catalogue.—Body stouter than most species; 
a dorsal and two lateral stripes; on each side two series of black spots, 
about 80 in number; between the lower series reddish-brown, between the 
upper olivaceous; extensive row of dorsal scales, the larger carinated; 
remaining scales nearly equal; caudal carinated. OPHIDIA—COLUBRIDAE—EUTAENIA SCALAKIS. 
549 
“E.hammoKdii, Kennicott, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 332.—Form 
slender; head long and narrow posteriorly; snout long, narrow, and obtuse; 
no dorsal stripe; lateral stripe olive-yellow on second and third rows; back 
uniform dark olive-brown or blackish, without distinct spots; abdomen 
whitish olive, lighter anteriorly, and a dark line along the middle pos- 
teriorly. 
11E. concinna, 13. and G., Catalogue.—Body stout; head small and red- 
dish-yellow ; scales all carinated; above black, with a dorsal, light stripe, 
and the usual lateral stripes replaced by a series of distinct salmon-colored 
spots. 
11E. elegans, B. and G., Catalogue.—Resembles E. proxima. Head slioi*t 
and broad; black above, light beneath; a broad, ochraceous, dorsal stripe, 
with two lateral greenish-white. 
“E. marciana, B. and G., Catalogue.—Prominent color light-brown; a 
vertebral mler line, and one lateral on each side, more or less indistinct; 
3 series of square black spots on each side, of about 50-60 in each series, 
from occiput to anus; sides of head black, with a crescentic patch of yel- 
low posterior to the labial plates; 3 and sometimes 4 black vittse radiating 
from the eye across the jaws; a double white spot with a black margin on 
the suture of occipital plates. 
11E. couchii, Kennicott, vol. x, P. R. R. Rep., 10.—Body moderately 
stout; tail less than one-fourth total length, and very small; head very 
long and narrow; dorsal stripe narrow and very indistinct; an indistinct, 
dull, whitish, lateral stripe on second and third rows. Above dark olive- 
brown or black; abdomen dark asliy-olive or black. 
2. 19 dorsal rows of scales. 
UE. phenax, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 134.—Resembles 
E. sirtalis, but is cross-banded. Head short, muzzle obtuse, eye large; 
above reddish-olive, crossed by 36 transverse spots, which are bright 
brownish-red, with a narrow black margin; no lateral stripes; abdomen 
strong green, unspotted.—Mexico. 
“E. scalaris, Cope.—Form stout; temporal small, not attaining the 
reduced last upper labial; superior labials 7; nuchal blotches same color 550 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHr A NS AND REPTILES. 
as head; one series of numerous brown bars connecting the light stripes, 
none of which are black-edged.—Mexico. 
UE. cyrtopsis, Kennicott.—Form slender; temporal large, margining 
the last 3 upper labials, none of which are reduced; superior labials 8 (7); 
general color brown; large nuchal blotches, and a double series of very 
small, lateral spots, black; latter forming continuous zigzag on stretched 
skin; no black margins. 
UE. ornata, B. and G.—Form slender; tail 3 or § in total; head nar- 
row, elongate; loreal longer than high; 4 superior labials, temporal not 
extending beyond penultimate; above uniform, except on stretched skin, 
where there is a broad border to dorsal vittse, and one lateral row of black 
spots separated by rufous. 
“E. infernalis, B. and G., Catalogue.—More slender than any species of 
this section. Head and eye large; above black; a series of about 110 
triangular, reddish-yellow spots, confluent with the indistinct lateral stripe, 
itself confluent with the greenish-white sides and abdomen. 
“E. pickeringii, B. and G. Catalogue.—Body slender; black above, slate- 
color beneath; lateral stripe irregular, confluent with the light-colored inter- 
vals between the dark spots. This species exhibits great variation of color, 
principally in regard to black of abdomen. 
“E. leptocephala, B. and G., Catalogue.—Scales on the greater portion of 
the tail scarcely carinated. The two exterior dorsal rows on each side 
unequal, but conspicuously larger than the rest, outer one not carinated; 
head slender, plain above; orbitals, 3 posterior, 2 anterior; above light 
olive-brown, with distinct, small, brown spots, 130 in a series; from head 
to anus beneath pale-greenish slate; little or no indication of a lateral stripe. 
UE. sirtalis, B. and G., Catalogue.—Body among stoutest of their form; 
olive-brown, above the lateral stripes sometimes nearly black, beneath them 
greenish-white; dorsal stripe narrow, encroached upon by the spot; lateral 
stripes inconspicuous; two or three rows of small, indistinct spots, often not 
perceptible, especially the lower, about 70 from head to anus. 
UE. dorsalis, B. and G., Catalogue.—Same size as preceding; outer row 
of scales emarginate; color olivaceous; dorsal stripe broad, yellow, mar- 
gined with black; a row of spots above the lateral stripe. OPIIIDIA—COLUBRIDAE—EUTAENIA VAGRANS VAGRANS. 
551 
“E. ordinata, B. and G., Catalogue.—Resembles E. sirtalis, the spotted 
variety; may be distinguished by the 3 regular series of tesselated, black 
spots on each side, their prominence, and their number about 85, not 70; 
olive, with 3 distinct rows of dark square spots, one on each side; lateral 
stripe wanting; dorsal very indistinct. 
“ 3. Dorsal rows 17. 
11E. atrata, Kennicott, part ii, vol. xii, P. R R Rep.—Body moderately 
stout; head small and narrow; eye very small; a very broad, deep, lemon-yel- 
low, dorsal stripe covering nearly 3 rows, and distinct from head to tip of tail; 
the rest of the upper parts entirely deep, the black without a trace of the 
lateral stripe, or of light spots; abdomen uniform greenish slate; yellowish 
green under the head. 
11E. cooperi, Kennicott, loc. cit.—Body stout, as in E. radix; head 
short, depressed anteriorly; above uniform blackish brown, without, spots 
or olivaceous brown, with two rows of black spots, as in E. vagrans, but 
which do not encroach upon the stripes; dorsal stripes yellowish, distinct 
on one or two half rows; lateral stripe usually distinct; abdomen slate color, 
sometimes lighter, frequently tinged with red. 
EUTAENIA VAGRANS, Baird & Girard, subspecies VAGRANS, Baird & Girard. 
Eutania vagram, Baird & Girard, Cat. 1ST. A. Serp., 1853, 35.—Girard, Ilerp. U. S. 
Exp. Exped., 1858, 154.—Bd., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, 19.—Coop. & Suckl., 
Nat. llist. Wash. Terr., 1800, 297.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., 1806, 
305-307. 
Eutaenia vagram subspecies vagrans, Baird & Girard, Cope, Check-List N. A. 
Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 41. 
IIar.—Central Pacific and northern parts of Sonoran Regions. 
The most abundant species inhabiting the Western States and Terri- 
tories ; exhibiting, also, great diversity of coloration. The differences in 
some of the specimens captured, such as variation in number of side spots, 
head shields, &c., might almost entitle them to be classed as subspecies. 
The specimen in the list marked E has on the right side three postor- 
bitals, on the left four. 552 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACniANS AND KEPTILES. 
No. 
Locality. 
• 
Date. 
Collector. 
I 
F 
K 
193 
202 
214 
F 1 
F 2 
F3 
f4 
F 5 
F 6 
189 
189 A 
189 B 
187 
B 
B 1 
B 2 
294 
312 
312 A 
12 
501 A 
526 
67 jun. 
52 A 
52 A 1 
D 
B 
D 1 
E 
C 
AA 
AX 
197 C 
197 B 
I L 4 
108 
102 
123 
112 
124 
117 
lig 
A 153 
127 
Provo, Utah 
July, 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow and H. W. 
Henshaw. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
Do. 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow and H. W. 
Henshaw. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Do. 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Do. 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
do 
do 
Aug., 1872 
Pyrmont, Nev 
Snake Valley, Nev 
Sept., 1872 
do... 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
Camp Beaver, Utah 
do 
do 
do 
... do 
North Creek, Utah 
Willow Springs, N. Mex 
June 28, 1873 
July 24, 1873 
Aug. 14, 1873 
Aug., 1873 
Pescao, N. Mex. I 
Camp Apache, Ariz 
Mineral Springs, Ariz 
Nutria, N. Mex. 
Twin Lakes, Colo 
do 
do 
do 
San Luis Valley, Colo 
Sept., 1873 
do 
New Mexico 
Aug., 1874 
Taos, N. Mex 
San Ildefonso, N. Mex OPIIIDIA—COLUBRIDAE—EUTAENIA ORNATA. 
553 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
208 
L47 
207 A 
B 1 
383 
Conejos, Colo 
Sierra Blanca, N. Mex 
Pagosa, Colo 
Aug., 1874 
Sept., 1874 
A. Barnes. 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
C. E. Aiken. 
A. Barnes. 
Lieut. R. Birnie. 
San Juan River, N. Mex 
This species is chiefly characteristic of the Central region, but occurs 
in Utali and Arizona, chiefly in the mountains. In our progress south- 
ward, in the valley of the llio Grande, the last specimens were seen at 
Taos on the north side of the Picons Mountains. On the south side of 
that range, the Eutcenia marciana appeared for the first time. Here also I 
saw the first specimens of Crotaphytus collar is, although it extends north 
of that latitude on the east side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. The 
Cnemulophorus tessellatus began to be abundant in the valley of Taos. 
The third species of Eutcenia, the E. ornata, began to appear in numbers at 
San Udefonso, further south. This is a particularly graceful species, with 
elegant coloration; the clear olive is varied on each side by alternating 
quadrate red spots in two rows, and the dorsal band has a black border. It 
does not reach so large a size as the E. marciana, which also exceeds the 
E. vagrans. Although these species exhibit identical scale-formulae, they 
are quite distinct in life, so that no person can confuse them. And although 
the E. vagrans is rather variable, the E. ornata and E. marciana maintain 
their characters in the region of country where they came under observa- 
tion. The E. cyrtopsis was not seen. 
EUTAENIA ORNATA, Baird. 
Eutainia parietalis, Say, Baird & Girard, Cat. N. A. Kept., pt. i, Serp., 1853, 28. 
Eutcenia ornata, Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, 1859, Rept., 16.—Cope, Proc. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 305-306.—Check-List N. A. Batrack. & Rept., 1875, 41. 
Had.—Valley of the Rio Grande del Norte. 
This species was found tolerably common in Utah in 1872, but, curi- 
ously enough, has not since been collected by the expedition, until 1874, 554 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
when it was found to be very common in New Mexico. On dry, sandy 
ground, color is much fainter than in more moist localities. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
59 
65 
(?) 
(?) 
G 
L52 
1 L 52 
2 L 52 
3 L 52 
Y Y 1 
176 
176 A 
1319 
A 300 
166 D 
Provo, Utah 
July, 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow and H. W. 
Henshaw. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
Do. 
Do. 
W. G. Shedd. • 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
Prof. E. D. Cope, Dr. H. C. 
Yarrow, and \V. G. Shedd. 
do 
do ... . 
do * 
do 
Rush Lake, Utah 
Sept., 1872 
Ang., 1874 
Abiquiu, N. Mex 
do 
do 
do 
do 
San Ildefonso, N. Mex 
do 
do 
do 
do 
EUTAENIA SIRTALIS, Linn., subspecies DORSALIS, Baird & Girard. 
JEutcenia dorsalis, Baird & Girard, Cat. N. A. Serp., 1853, 31.—Bd., P. R. It. Rep., x, 
1859, 40. 
Eutccnia sirtalis, Linn., subspecies dorsalis, Baird & Girard, Cope, Check-List N. A. 
Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 41. 
Hab.—Entire North America. 
The specimens hereinafter enumerated closely resemble JE. dorsalis, but 
have eight upper labial plates, and no black borders to dorsal vittse; the 
lateral vittse indistinct. Not abundant, but two specimens being secured. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
313 
313 A 
Rio Grande, Colo 
June, 1873 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Do. 
do 
EUTAENIA VAGRANS, Baird & Girard, subspecies ANGUSTIROSTRIS, Kenn. 
Apparently rare ; only one specimen being taken in Western Arizona 
in 1871 by Mr. F. Bischoff. Differs from E. vagrans in being uniform black OPIIIDIA—COLUBRIDAE—nETERODON SIMUS NASICUS. 
555 
above, with only a trace of the lateral band in front, and having a red 
throat. 
EUTAENIA MARCIANA, Baird & Girard. 
Uutacnia mardana, Baird & Girard, Cat. N. A. Rept., pt. i, Serp., 1853, 3G.—Bd., 
U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Reptiles, 1855, 17.—Cope, Check-List N. A. 
Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 41. 
Had.—Arkansas, Texas, and entire Rio Grande Valley. 
This beautiful species was found to be exceedingly abundant in the 
valley of the Rio Grande in New Mexico. When taken, it discharges from 
the small glands situated near the anus a secretion of a peculiarly unpleas- 
ant odor, and this fact has also been noticed in regard to all the serpents of 
this genus. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
Y Y 
IL 5 
2 L 5 
3 L 5 
109 
L 53 
362 E 
362 E 1 
San Ildefonso, N. Mex 
Aug., 1874 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
Dr. O. Loew. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
C. E. Aiken. 
Do. 
Abiquiu, N. Mex 
do 
Taos, N. Mex 
New Mexico 
Sept., I874 
Oct, 1874 
Pueblo, Colo 
Genus HETERODON, Beauvois. 
HETERODON SIMUS, Linn., subspecies NASICUS, Baird & Girard. 
llcterodon nasicus, Baird & Girard, Stans. Rep. Exp. Great Salt Lake, 1852, 352.— 
lid., March’s Rep. Exp. Red Riv., 1852,208.—lid., Cat. N. A. Rept., pt. i, Serp., 
1853, Gl-157.—IIallow., Sitgreave’s Rep. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1853, 147.—Id., 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 185G, 249.—Bd., P. It. R. Rep., x, 1859, 41.— 
Id., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Rept., 1859,18.—Hayd., Trans. Am. Phil. 
Soc., xii, 18G2, 177.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18GG, 307.—Allen, 
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvii, 1874, G9. 
llcterodon simus Linn., subspecies nasivus, Baird & Girard, Cope, Check-List N. A. 
Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 43. 
Had.—Sonoran and Central Subregions and Texas. 
Very common, and greatly dreaded by the settlers in the West, who 
call them “Sand Vipers”, notwithstanding they are entirely harmless. One 
specimen taken of unusually large size. 556 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
No. 
i 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
66 
Denver, Colo 
May 11, 1873 
H. W. Henshaw. 
A N 5 
do 
June 11, 1873 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock. 
P 0 i 
Mineral Springs, Ariz 
Aug. 4, 1873 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
M 5 
M5, i 
Southern Arizona 
> 1873 
> 1873 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Do. 
do 
178 
Pueblo, Colo 
July, 1874 
Prof. E. D. Cope. 
2 L 14 
New Mexico 
Aug., 1874 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
S 2 
San Ildefonso, N. Mex 
do 
Prof. E. D. Cope and Dr. H. C. 
Yarrow. 
233 
Santa Clara, N. Mex 
Sept., 1874 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
L 8 
Abiquiu, N. Mex 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
H H 1 
Southern Arizona 
Oct., 1874 
H. W. Henshaw. 
LACERTILIA. 
PLEURODONTA. 
LEPTOGLOSSA. 
Fam. SCINCH) AE. 
Genus EUMECES, Wiegmann. 
EUMECES OBSOLETUS, Baird & Girard. 
Plestiodon obsoletum, Baird & Girard, Proc. Acad. Hat. Sci. Phila., 1852, 129.— 
Hallow., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1853, 111. 
Plestiodon obsoletus, Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, 1859, Rept., 25.—Id., P. R. R. 
Rep., x, 1859, 39. 
Plistodon obsoletus, Cope, Proc. Acad. Hat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 304. 
Eumeces obsoletus, Cope, Check-List H. A. Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 45. 
Hab.—Sonoran Region, and borders of Central and Austroriparian. 
Rather uncommon in Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah. 
EUMECES GUTTULATUS, Hallow. 
Lamprosanrus guttulatus, Hallow., Proc. Acad. Hat, Sci. Phila., 1852, 206.—Id., Sit- 
greave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1853, 43. 
Plestiodon guttulatus, Hallow., Proc. Acad. Hat. Sci. Phila., 1857, 215.—Bd., U. S. & 
Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Rept., 1859, 12.—Id., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, 18. LACERTILIA—TEIDAE—CNEMIDOPHORUS SEX-LINEATUS. 
557 
Plistodon guttulatus, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18GG, 304. 
Eumeces guttulatus, Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 45. 
IIab.—Souorau Region and Western Texas. 
Tolerably common in regions visited. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
E 6 A 
Aug., 1873 
July, 1874 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
H. W. Henshaw. 
A 142 D 
Fam. TEIDAE. 
Genus CNEMIDOPHORUS, Wiegmann. 
CNEMIDOPHORUS SEX-LINEATUS, Linn. 
Cnemidophorus sex-1 incatus, Linn., Syst. Nat, 17GG.—Cope, Check-List N. A. Batracb. & 
Kept., 1875, 45. 
Ameiva scx-lineata, Holbrook, N. A. Herp., ii, 1842, 109.—De Kay, Zool. N. Y., 
1842, 30. 
Cnemidophorus gidaris, Baird & Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1852, 128.— 
lid., Marcy’s Rep. Red Riv., 1852, 227.—Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, 
Rept., 1859,11.—Id., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, 38. 
Cnemidophorus guttatus, Hallow., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, 192.—Id., P. R. 
R. Rep., x, 1859, 23. 
Onemidophoms sex lineatus var. gularis, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18GG, 303. 
IIab.—Sonoran and Austroriparian Regions to Southeastern Virginia. 
In 1871, this species was observed to be quite common in Nevada, and 
a number were secured. In the following year, they were also observed in 
Utah, and, in 1873 and 1874, were found exceedingly abundant in Arizona 
and New Mexico, but were hard to catch, running with the greatest celerity 
over the sand and rocks. It is not at all arboreal in its habits. Dr. Coues 
mentions that, finding it impossible to capture them in the ordinary manner, 
he used a small load of shot in a horse-pistol. They can readily be taken 
with an ordinary butterfly-net. 558 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
5 A i 
Colorado Chiquito, Ariz 
July, 1873 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
C A 2 
do 
Do. 
528 
White Mountains, Ariz 
Aug., 1873 
H. W. Henshaw. 
528 A 
Do. 
A 151 
Camp Apache, Ariz 
Do. 
1106 
Santa F6, N. Mex 
June, 1874 
H. W. Henshaw. 
B x53 
Plaza del Alcalde, N. Mex 
Aug., 1874 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
IIQ1 
PI. W. Henshaw. 
736 A 
Camp Grant, Ariz 
Sept., 1874 
Jas. M. Rutter. 
736 B 
do 
Do. 
J 3 
Abiquiu to Jemez, N.Mex 
G. Thompson. 
A 1014 A 
Camp Lowell, Ariz 
Oct., 1874 
Jas. M. Rutter. 
CNEMIDOPHORUS OCTO-LINEATUS, Bd. 
Cnemidophorns octo-lineatus, Bd., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1858, 255.—Id., U. S. 
& Mex. Bound. Surv. ii, Reptiles, 1859,10.—Cope, Check List N. A. Batrach. 
& Kept., 1875, 45. 
Uab.—Southern Sonoran Subregion. 
First described from Pesquiera Grande, Nuevo Leon. Is seldom found 
in New Mexico. Resembles C. inornatus, but has eight equidistant light 
lines running down back. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
3 Y 
San Ildefonso, N. Mex 
Aug., 1874 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
In our collection of 1874, there is a species of Cnemidophorns (No. B 
L 65) resembling C. sex-lineatus in every particular, but with the pecu- 
liarity of seven dorsal stripes instead of six. 
DIPLOGLOSSA. 
Eam. gerrhonotidae. 
Genus GERRHONOTUS, Wiegmann. 
GEREELONOTUS NOBILIS, Baird & Girard. 
Elegaria nobilis, Baird & Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852, 129. 
Gcrrhonotus nobilis, Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Kept., 1859, 2.—Cope, Check- 
List N. A. Batrach. & Bept., 1875, 4G. 
Hab.—Sonoran Region. LACERTILIA—1GUANIDAE—EUPHRYNE OBESA. 
559 
Apparently rare in Arizona; only one specimen having been secured in 
1873. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
145 
Ralston, Ariz 
Nov., 1873 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
It, may be mentioned, as a matter of some interest, that during the 
expeditions of 1871, 1872, and 1873, the lizard described as Euphryne obesa, 
a herbivorous one, by Professor Baird (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858), 
was not met with, although we have probably evidence that it exists in 
considerable numbers in Utah and New Mexico. It is said to be abundant, 
according to Baird, in the cations of Colorado, and was taken at Fort Yuma 
by Major Thomas, of the United States and Mexican boundary survey; 
but as yet we have failed to secure a specimen. 
During the field season of 1872, the attention of Mr. Henshaw and my- 
self was attracted to the occurrence of curious resinous looking deposits on 
the almost vertical cliffs of certain rocks in Southern Utah, many feet above 
the valley. A considerable portion was collected, and from its appearance 
we judged it to be a conglomerated mass of bat excrement. 
In 1873, Dr. Oscar Loew, chemist of the expedition, discovered the 
same kind of deposit in a forest of juniper, within a rocky fissure, in the 
Territory of Colorado. He also supposed it to be the excrement of mam- 
mals ; but, after a careful examination, the substance was found to be the 
excrement of herbivorous lizards, and as the only ones known to inhabit 
the region visited is the Euphryne obesa, Baird, it is probably from this one. 
Dr. Loew’s statement is here given: 
“ Observations on a peculiar and unique animal excretion. 
“ In Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico, there are frequently found black 
masses of resinous appearance, attached to rocks in positions which mammals, 
except bats, could not attain. These lumps vary in size from three to six 
inches in thickness. Distributed through the mass are always to be seen 
small pieces of feces, resembling greatly the dung of mice or bats, though 
much larger than the latter. These small masses, however, contain no ani- 560 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
mal or insect remains; being exclusively composed of vegetable matter, con- 
sisting chiefly of the cellular tissue of plants; and no traces of animal diet, 
like the undigested legs or wings of insects, can be detected, which fact 
leads to the supposition that neither bats nor mice could have made the 
deposit. The mass is brittle, sticky when moistened with water, swells up 
at a high temperature, and bums with a smoky flame. Heated in a tube, 
ammoniacal vapors are evolved, an empyreumatic substance is formed, and 
a voluminous charcoal remains. 
“ This substance contains— 
“ Hygroscopic moisture 7.25 
“Organic matter 60.32 
“Ash 26.43 
“In one hundred parts of ashes were found— 
“ Sulphates, phosphates, chlorides, and carbonates of potassium and 
sodium 15.46 
“Carbonate and phosphate of lime and magnesia, oxide of iron 66.54 
“Insoluble in hydrochloric acid, principally fine sand 18.06 
“Note.—The carbonic acid of the carbonates was produced by the 
incineration of the organic matter. 
“As litliia had been so often found by me in soils and ashes of plants, I 
thought it worth while to make a spectroscopic test for it. The result was 
negative. The organic matter is partially soluble in water, less so in alco- 
hol; the aqueous solution having a neutral reaction. Upon boiling it, a 
very disagreeable odor is evolved, resembling that of earth mold and guano; 
the taste of this solution is intensely bitter. A portion (a)‘was treated with a 
considerable quantity of boiling water, and the filtrate evaporated; the evap- 
orated residue treated with a little alcohol, and a small portion of it was dis- 
solved. This gave, after evaporation and treatment with nitric acid, the 
characteristic crystals of urea. The undissolved portion was treated with 
a small quantity of water, when a substance remained easily soluble in 
hydrochloric acid, and precipitated therefrom on the addition of an equal 
volume of water. The portion separated from this by the treatment with 
water resembled somewhat a salt of glycocliolic acid. The portion of LACERTILIA—IGUANIDAE—EUPHRYNE OBESA. 
561 
organic matter that remained entirely insoluble by treatment with a quan- 
tity of boiling water (a) received an addition of nitric acid, and was then 
evaporated; the evaporated residue extracted with cold water, when a small 
quantity of a yellow substance resulted that gave, with nitrate of silver and 
acetate of copper, the precipitates characteristic of xanthine. The portion 
ufidissolved was soluble in ammonia, and on evaporation of this solution 
there remained a yellow powder, little soluble in water. 
“ These reactions, as well as the decomposition of the hydrochloric acid 
solution of the organic matter on addition of water, show the presence of 
guanine. The murexid reaction for uric acid was very feeble, and tyrosin 
and'leucin were searched for in vain. If the organic matter is treated with 
cold, concentrated sulphuric acid, a dark, blood-red solution results, the 
color of which is destroyed if water is added; this and several other reac- 
tions are very characteristic of bilious secretions. We have therefore, in 
this case, a mixture of urinary excretion, bilious secretion, and feces; and in 
no animals except the Monotremata are these products united in the cloaca. 
“ The question naturally arises: by what animals are these peculiar 
deposits made ? always in the same spots, producing a continual increase of 
the discharged masses into little mounds in localities where, unless furnished 
with wings, small mammals could not climb; as, for instance, the almost 
vertical rock cliffs in Southern Utah. 
“At the first thought, the idea presents itself that it must be some wfinged 
animal that is the cause, perhaps bats; but considering the absence of any 
signs of animal diet in the masses, and on comparing it with the excrement 
of bats, this theory becomes untenable, and must be abandoned: not only 
do the two substances differ in external appearance, but also in chemical 
composition. The excrements of bats are full of the remains of insects, and 
contain nothing soluble in water; but we find nothing of the kind in the 
substance under discussion. Moreover, there are no herbivorous bats in 
North America so far known ; the existing species being natives of South 
Africa and the East Indies. 
“ Prof. S. F. Baird, assistant secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, to 
whom these excreta have been shown, and the chemical examination com- 
municated, supposes them to have been deposited by herbivorous lizards, of 562 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
which there are several species in the Western Territories; and from the 
large size of the excrement scybala, the lizard is probably Enpliryne obesa, 
Baird. Notwithstanding it remains a mystery (and if we accept this theory) 
why these deposits should be continuously added to!” 
It is hoped that more careful observation will enable us at some not 
far distant day to solve this interesting problem. 
(Note by Dr. Yarrow.)—As already stated (if the theory be a correct 
one), it is very singular that no individuals of this species of lizard were 
discovered; but our researches may perhaps reveal their existence later. 
The specimens of these excreta have been deposited in the National Museum 
at the Smithsonian Institution. 
Note.—It may be mentioned that Professor Cope does not accept the 
theory that lizards produce these masses ; believing them to be the excre- 
ment of small mammals, such, as Neotoma. 
Fam. helodermidae. 
Genus HELODERMA, Wiegmann. 
HELODERMA SUSPECTUM, Cope. 
Heloderma horridum, Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Snrv., ii, Rept., 1859, 2 (not of Wieg- 
mann).—Id., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859,38.—Cope, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 
I860, 303. 
Heloderma suspectum, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18G9, 5.—Id., Check-List N. 
A. Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 47. 
IIab.—Sonoran Region. 
This reptile, called “ Gila Monster” by western settlers, is not uncom- 
mon in Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. It is believed to be very poison- 
ous, but such is not the case; for, although it will bite fiercely when irri- 
tated, the wound is neither painful nor dangerous. Several specimens were 
secured in 1871, 1873, and 1874; but, with one exception, all were lost in 
transit to Washington. 
While camped on the Rio Grande near San Udefonso, N. Mex., in 
August, 1874, a large lizard, presumably of this species, visited the camp, 
but was not secured, owing to the fact that its sudden appearance frightened 
the packer, who supposed it to be an alligator. The Pueblo Indians of this 
place said they were quite common, and were regarded by the Mexicans as LACERTILIA—IGUANIDAE—HOLBROOKIA MACULATA. 
563 
poisonous; the poison being communicated by the breath as well as by the 
teeth. This has no foundation in fact. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
X 4 X 
Sept. 19, 1873 
E. Sommer. 
IGUANIA. 
Fam. iguanidae. 
Genus HOLBROOKIA, Girard. 
HOLBROOKIA MACULATA, Girard, subspecies MACULATA, Girard. 
Holbroolcia maculate, Girard, Proc. Ain. Assoc., iv, 1850-51, 201.—Id., Marcy’s Rep. 
Red Riv,, 1852, 223.—Id., Stans. Rep. Exp. Great Salt Lake, 1853, 342.— 
Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Rept., 1859, 8.—Id., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, 
18, 38.—Hayd., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., xii, 1802, 177.—Cope, Proc. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila., 1800, 313. 
Holbroolcia maculate, Girard, subspecies maculate, Girard, Cope, Check-List N. A. 
Batracb. & Rept., 1875, 47. 
IIar.—Central and Sonoran Subregions. 
Very abundant in all the regions visited; but, being much slower in 
their movements than most other lizards, they are easily captured. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
66 D 
Denver, Colo 
May, 1873 
June, 1873 
do 
H. W. Hens haw. 
211 
do 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock. 
Do. 
211 A 
36 A 
R X 
Santa F6, N. Mex 
do 
Francis Klett. 
Camp Apache, Ariz 
July, 1873 
do 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
52 
52 A 
B7 
1 B 7 
B39 
142 D 
A 142 D 
52 c 
2 Y 
Nutria, N. Mex 
H. W. Henshaw. 
do 
Do. 
Santa F6, N. Mex 
June, 1874 
do 
Do. 
do 
Do. 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock and H. W. 
Henshaw. 
H. W, Henshaw. 
July, 1874 
do 
do 1 
Do 
Colorado Springs, Colo 
do 
John Yarrow. 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
Aug., 1874 
do 
480 
A 153 
B 1284 
A L 65 
t3. * 
T 1 
Jas. M. Rutter. 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
do 
do 
Jas. M. Rutter. 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
Sept., 1874 
G. Thompson. 
Do. 
Oct., 1874 564 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
HOLBROOKIA MACULATA, Girard, subspecies PROPINQUA, Baird & Girard. 
HolbrooTcia propinqua, Baird & Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., vi, 1852, 126.— 
Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Rept., 1859, 8.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Pliila., 1866, 303. 
HolbrooTcia maculata, Girard, subspecies propinqua, Baird & Girard, Cope, Check- 
List N. A. Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 47. 
Hab.—Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, and Arizona, 
As abundant as the preceding. 
No. 
. Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
IS A 
656 
656 B 31 
B 2 
July, 1873 
Aug., 1873 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
Camp Apache, Ariz 
do 
Do. 
Twin Lakes, Colo 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock. 
In the notes regarding the collection of 1871,1 find that another repre- 
sentative of this genus was secured, which Professor Cope states to be prob- 
ably H. approximans, Baird and Girard. 
HOLBROOK1A TEXANA, Troschel. 
Cophomurus texanus, Troschel, Arch. fiir Naturg., (for 1850), (published in 1852), 389, 
tab. vi. 
Holbrookia texana, Baird & Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1852,125.—Bd., 
U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Reptiles, 1859, 8, pi. xxx.—Cope, Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 303.—Id., Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Rept., 
1875, 47. 
Hab.—Sonoran Region, Western Texas. 
This species is rather rare in New Mexico and Arizona; it resembles 
H. maculata somewhat, but may readily be distinguished from it by its 
larger size and more elongated tail, as well as by marked other specific differ- 
ences. Two lateral spots represent the abdominal crescents in the female. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
I5i 
Camp Apaclie, Ariz 
July, 1874 
H. W. Henshaw. LACERTILIA—IGUANIDAE—CROTAPHYTUS COLLARIS. 
565 
Genus CALLISAURUS, Blainville. 
CALLISAURUS DRACONTOIDES, Blainville, subspecies VENTRALIS, Hallow. 
llomalosaurus ventralis, Hallow., Proc. Acail. Nat. Sci. Pliila., vi, 1852, 179.—Id., 
Sitgreave’s Exp. Zufii & Col. Riv., 1853, 117. 
Callisaurus vcntralis, Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Rept., 1859, 8. 
Callisaurus dracontoidcs, Blainville, subspecies, ventralis, Hallow., Cope, Check- 
List N. A. Batracb. & Rept., 1875, 47. 
Hab.—Sonoran Region. 
Rather uncommon; but one specimen being secured in 1871 in Arizona. 
Genus CROTAPHYTUS, Holbrook. 
CROTAPnYTUS COLLARIS, Say. 
Agama collaris, Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., ii, 1823, 252.—IIarlan, Med. & Pbys. 
Res., 1835, 142. 
Orotapliytus collaris, Holbrook, N. A. Herp., ii, 1842, 79.—Baird & Girard, Marcy’s 
Rep. Expl. Red Riv., 1853,222.—Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, Rept., 1859, 
G.—Id., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, 19, 38.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 
18GG, 302.—Id., Check-List N. A. Batracb. & ltept., 1875, 47. 
IIab.—Sonoran Region; Central Region to latitude 40°. 
This beautiful and interesting species was secured in 1871 in Nevada, 
and was rather uncommon. In 1872, it was noticed only in the locality 
named in list of specimens, and is apparently quite scarce. Eeadily distin- 
guished from C. wislizenii by the double band of black, bordered with white, 
on the sides of the neck. In addition to this, the head in C. collaris is wider 
and shorter, the back scales smaller, and those of the belly larger Femoral 
pores more conspicuous, and tail shorter. 
In 1873, it was found to be very abundant in New Mexico and Arizona, 
a few being seen in Colorado; and while the allied species C. wislizenii is 
extremely numerous in the more northern Territories, it is very scarce far- 
ther south. In 1874, it was found to be in point of abundance the charac- 
teristic species of New Mexico. 566 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
224 
Dome Canon, Nev 
Aug., 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
224 A 
Do. 
3 
Santa Fe, N. Mex 
June, 1873 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
'i A 
Do. 
19 
Aguaazul, N. Mex 
July, 1873 
Do. 
R 1 
Camp Apache, Ariz 
Aug., 1873 
Do. 
X P 3 
Do. 
P R 
Mineral Springs, Ariz 
Do. 
506 
Camp Apache, Ariz 
Do. 
R 8 
6?2 
Do. 
R X 1 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
1236 
Santa Fe, N. Mex 
July, 1874 
H. W. Henshaw. 
B39 
do 
Henshaw. 
A 7 
do 
H. \V. Henshaw. 
3°° 
San Ildefonso, N. Mex 
Aug., 1874 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
84 Y 
do 
Do. 
T A 1 
New Mexico 
Sept., 1874 
G. Thompson. 
CROTAPHYTUS WISLIZENII, Baird & Girard. 
Crotaphytus wislizenii, Baird & Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852, G9.—lid., 
Stans. Rep. Exp. Great Salt Lake, 1852, 340.—Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. 
Surv., ii, 1859, Reptiles, 7.—Id., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, Gunnison & Beck- 
with’s Route, Reptiles, 17.—Id., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, Whipple’s Route, Rep- 
tiles, 37.—Coop. & Suckl., Nat. Hist. Wash. Terr., 18G0,294.—Cope, Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18GG, 303.—Id., Check-List N. A. Batracli. & Rept., 
-1875, 48. 
Crotaphytus gambeli, Baird & Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852, 12G. 
Crotaphytus fasciatus, Hallow., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,* 1852, 207.—Id., Sit- 
greave’s Exp. Zimi & Col. Riv., 1853, 115, pi. v. 
Crotaphytus (Gambclia) wislizenii, Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., loc. cit. in text. 
IIab.—Pacific and Sonoran Regions, Nevada, and Utah. 
In 1872, found rather scarce in Utah, but numerous in Nevada; the 
Indians in that State using them as food. For full description of this genus, 
vide Stansbury’s Report, page 339. In 1873, but few were observed; none 
in 1874. Is a more northern species than the preceding. LACERTILIA—IGUAN1DAE—CKOTAPHYTUS KETICULATUS. 
567 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
■ X 
Aug., 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
X i 
Do. 
X 2 
do 
Do. 
... do 
.... do 
Do. 
Do. 
221 U 
22 1 C 
Do. 
... ... do 
Do. 
223 
K 
do 
Do. 
.... do 
Do. 
R 1 
do 
Do. 
R 2 
Do. 
R3 
265 
265 A 
265 B 
W 
Do. 
Sept., 1872 
Do. 
Dr. II. C. Yarrow and H. \V. 
Henshaw. 
Do. 
Do. 
W 1 
Do. 
W 2 
Do. 
CKOTAPHYTUS KETICULATUS, Bd. 
Crotaphytus reticulatus, Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858,253.—Id., U. S. & 
Mex. Bound. Surv., pt. ii, 1859, Reptiles, C, 7.—Cope, Check-List N. A. 
Batrach. & Kept., 1875, 48. 
IIab.—Western Texas and New Mexico. 
This species was first described from specimens procured in Texas 
(Laredo and Ringgold Barracks). Is more closely allied to C. collaris than 
to C. wislizenii. Is thought not to be abundant, but one specimen having 
been secured by tile collectors of the expedition. 
No. . 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
A 1236 
Sante F£, N. Mex 
July, 1874 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Genus UTA, Baird & Girard. 
The genus Uta was established by Baird and Girard upon a number 
of specimens collected by Captain Stansbury during his expedition to the 
Great Salt Lake. It bears a close relation to both Sceloporus and Hol- 
brookia, and is interesting for this reason. The assimilative points and dif- 568 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
ferences are very clearly described in Stansbury’s report, and afford posi- 
tive means of identification. 
Uta ornata, Baird & Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852, 126.—Bd., U. S. & 
Mex. Bound. Surv., pt. ii, 1859, Reptiles, 7.—Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. 
& Rept., 1875, 48. 
Hab.—Sonoran Region. 
A single specimen obtained in 1872 in Middle Utah. In 1873 and 1874, 
the species was found to be quite numerous in Colorado, Arizona, and New 
Mexico, frequenting rocky places, and exceedingly hard to catch. Color of 
throat yellowish-orange, of abdomen white ranging to greenish-olive. 
The general coloration depends much upon the color of the rock upon which 
they are found. 
The specimens marked XXX and XXX 1 are apparently very closely 
allied to JJ. stansburiana, B. & G., but vary in some points and may prove 
to be a new species, or a variety of the one they resemble. 
UTA ORNATA, Baird & Girard. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
8181 
505 A 
D D 1 
D D 1 A 
XXX 
115 
XXX 1 
1018 B 
H L 
16 
Middle Utah 
Colorado Chiquito, Ariz 
Twin Lakes, Colo 
Mineral Springs, Ariz 
Camp Apache, Ariz 
Ralston, Ariz 
Sept., 1872 
July 21, 1873 
Aug., 1873 
> 1873 
. 1873 
Sept., 1873 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock. 
Francis Klett. 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
Do. 
Jas. M. Rutter. 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
(?) 
San Carlos, Ariz 
Gila River, Ariz 
(?) 
Oct., 1874 
, 1874 
(?) 
UTA STANSBURIANA, Baird & Girard 
Uta stansburiana, Baird & Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., vi, 1852, G9.—lid., 
Stans. Rep. Exp. Great Salt Lake, 1852, 345, pi. 5, figs. 4, G.—Bd., U. 
S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., pt. ii, 1859, Reptiles, 7.—Id., P. R. R. Rep., x, 
1859, Whipple’s Route, Reptiles, 37.—Cope, Check-List, N. A. Batrach. & 
Rept., 1875, 48. 
IIab.—Pacific, Lower Californian, and Sonoran Regions: Nevada; Utah. 
Common in both Utah and Nevada in 1871; but few specimens secured 
in subsequent years. LACERTILIA—IGUANIDAE—SCELOPORUS JARROYII. 
569 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
Z 
Dome Canon, Nev 
Aug., 1872 
Dr. II. C. Yarrow. 
Z i 
do 
Do. 
E i 
Fillmore, Utah 
Sept., 1872 
Do. 
H i 
Southern Utah 
Oct., 1872 
Do. 
2 S 2 
San Ildefonso, N. Mcx 1 
Aug., 1874 
Prof. E. D. Cope. 
241 B 
do : 
234 D 
Ticrra Amarilla, N. Mex 
Sept., 1874 
W. G. Shedd. 
141 B 
Cave Spring, Ariz 
Oct., 1874 
II. W. Henshaw. 
UTA SYMMETRICA, Baird. 
Uta symmetrica, Bn., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 253.—Id., U. S. & Mex. Bound. 
Surv., pt. ii, 1859, Reptiles, 7.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18CG, 303. 
Hab.—Sonoran Subregion. 
Abundant in Arizona, and particularly noticeable for mimicry of color 
dependent upon localities where found. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
526 A 
Camp Apache, Ariz 
Aug. 8, 1873 
II. W. Henshaw. 
PP3 
Southern Arizona 
Do. 
Genus SCELOPORUS, Wiegmann. 
SCELOPORUS JARROVII, Cope, tp. nov. 
Plate XXII1, Figs. 2, 2b, 2c, 2d. 
Sceloporus jarrovii, Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Kept., 1875, 48 (no description). 
The following description of this beautiful and interesting species is by 
Prof. E. D. Cope, to whom the specimens were submitted for examination. 
“ Scales of moderate size, gradually increasing in size from the ventral 
to the dorsal region, very weakly keeled, and not mucronate above, entire 
below, except on the pectoral and gular regions, where they bear an apical 
notch. Thirty transverse series between the interscapular and middle 
sacral regions. Scales of the superior faces of the limbs keeled. The large 
transverse supraorbital shields separated from the frontals by one, and 
from the supcrciliaries by two, series of scales. Six intemasals, five pre- 570 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND EEPTILES. 
frontals, two frontals, and on each side posteriorly one fronto-parietal and 
two parietals. Interparietal large, broad as long. Three longitudinal rows 
of superior labials; one triangular loreal. Temporals small, keeled; two 
very large auriculars. Two series of infralabials, the inferior ones short, 
transverse. Fifteen femoral pores. A short deep sinus on the side of the 
neck, descending forward. The heel extends to a little beyond the elbow, 
and the fingers to the groin. 
Millim. 
“Total length 177 
“Length to vent 89 
“Length to posterior border of meatus auditorius 155 
“Width of head at border of meatus auditorius.., 14 
“Width of head at nostrils 2J 
“Width of frontal bone 3J 
“Length of hind limb 51§ 
“Length of hind foot 21J 
“Length of fore limb 39 
“Length of fore foot • 14 
“The ground color above is a bluish-black, which becomes more dis- 
tinctly blue on the limbs and sides, extending in a patch over the gular 
region and along the sides of the abdomen. The chin, middle of abdomen, 
and tail, median line below, shade from a bluish-green in front to a yellow 
on the last region. Each scale of the upper surface of the body is marked 
by a light spot, which was some brilliant shade, probably yellow, in life. 
Behind the interscapular region and on the tail, they are light-blue; top 
of head and neck bluish-black, the latter inclosed in a rectangular area, 
bounded by a light band from each squamosal region. Sides of neck with 
a broad black collar, bluish-black; the collar with a light posterior border 
above; the dark color extending over the shoulder, the sides of the head, 
and the throat. 
“A light band above the upper labials, and a parallel one below the in- 
ferior labials. 
“A very handsome species, allied to the S. torquatus, S. ornatus, &c., 
resembling in a slight degree S. formosus, but is quite distinct, as the follow- 
ing diagnosis will show. LAOERTIL A—IGUANIDAE—SCELOPORUS TRISTICH US. 
571 
“ The distinctive characters of these species are as follows: 
“ S. jarrovii.—Parietals, 2; scales in vertebral line from occiput to 
opposite groin, 39. Dorsal scale, all with yellow centers; two light bands 
on side of neck, the upper from the eye and continuous with the anterior 
border of the collar, the lower commencing at the muzzle; nape black. 
“S. ornatus.—Parietal single; scales to opposite groin, 50; above black, 
with two or more longitudinal rows of irregular light spots; no bands on 
side of neck; nape spotted. 
“Dedicated to Dr. II. C. Yarrow, the surgeon and zoologist of the 
expedition for ‘ Explorations west of the one-hundredth meridian/ ” 
Is scarce in Arizona; but three specimens being secured. 
The plate gives figures of head, vent, and femoral pores and scales of 
the back. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
ppps 
P P P 5 A 
1199 
Southern Arizona _ _ 
, 1873 
. 1873 
Oct., 1874 
H. W. Henshaw, 
Do. 
Do. 
SCELOPORUS TRISTICI3US, Cope, sp. nov. 
Scales of the head smooth; supraorbitals in only three rows; a median 
series of transverse plates bounded by a row of small ones internally and 
externally; frontal divided transversely; interparietal wide as long; parietals 
undivided; scales in forty rows from head to base of tail, well keeled, and 
strongly mucronate, a little larger than the lateral, which about equal the 
ventral; four preauricular free scales; a granular patch behind lateral fold 
of the neck ; when the short hind legs are extended forward, the end of 
the external toe reaches the axilla; femoral pores sixteen. 
Color above olive-brown, with a pale lateral band on each side, separated 
by seven rows of scales. This space is crossed by undulating black cross 
bands, which are interrupted in the middle, and pale-bordered behind; a 
brown band from the eye to the middle of the side, where it is broken into 
spots; legs and feet black-speckled; blue of the sides well separated below ; 
a subround blackish blue spot on each side the throat. 572 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
This species is about the size of the S. consobrinus, which it also resem- 
bles in color; but it is quite peculiar in having only three series of supra- 
orbital scales, or only two posteriorly, from the failure of the outer row. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
4137 
Taos, N. Mex 
Aug., 1874 
W. G. Shedd. 
SCELOPORUS SMARAGDINUS, Cope, sp. nov. 
Plate XXIV, Fig. 2. 
Cephalic plates smooth, the frontal transversely divided, and the 
supraorbitals in four rows; the latter consist of one series of transverse 
scuta, separated from the frontal by a complete row of small scales; a row 
of similar small scales bounds the sharp supraoculars within, and incloses with 
the large scuta three or two scales of intermediate size; interparietal broad 
as long; parietal small, subtriangular; scales of back, sides, and tail sub- 
equal, strongly keeled, and mucronate; the first named in forty-one rows 
from head to base of tail in four specimens; abdominal scales smaller, 
notched. When the hind limb is extended, the longest toe reaches to the 
orbit. Femoral pores fourteen; five free scuta in front of tympanum. Total 
length, 0m.200; length to vent, 0m.085. 
Color bright-green, crossed above by dark blotches, interrupted on the 
middle line, each half convex backward ; blue of sides well separated below; 
the entire middle portion of the throat blackish-blue. 
This species bears much relation in special points to the S. consobrinus, 
B. & G., as in the number of supraorbital and dorsal scales. The outer 
two supraorbital series are not of equal size, the inner being larger, as in S. 
ornatus, B. & G. The coloration is quite characteristic, and the size exceeds 
that of any of the 8. consobrinus. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
(?) 
Beaver, Utah 
, 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
223 
Nevada 
, 1872 
Do. 
(?) 
(?) 
Dome Canon, Utah 
, 1872 
(?) 
Do. 
(?) 
(?) LACERTILIA—IGUANIDAE—S. UNDULATUS, UNDULATUS. 
573 
SCELOPORUS POINSETTII, Baird & Girard. 
Sceloporus poinsettii, Baird & Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852, 120.—Bd., 
U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., pt. ii, 1859, Reptiles, 5, pi. 29, figs. 1-3.— 
Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 48. 
IIab.—Sonoran Region. 
Rather uncommon in Southern Arizona; but three specimens being 
secured. 
No. 
. Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
E 6 
Sept., 1873 
Oct., 1873 
/ 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Do. 
H i 
H 2 
do 
SCELOPORUS UNDULATUS, Harlan, subspecies UNDULATUS, Harlan. 
Tjacerata undulata, Daudin, Hist. Nat. des Rept., iii, 384. 
Stellis nndulatus, Latreille, Hist. Rept., ii, 1S02, 40. 
Lacerta hyacintliina et fasciata, Green, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., i, 349. 
Urornastyx, Merrem., 57. 
Ayama undulata, Harlan, Med. & Pbys. Res., 1853, 140. 
Tropidolcpis undulatux, Cuvier apud Griffith, ix, 12G.—Holbrook, N. A. nerp., iii, 
51, pi. viii, and ii, 73, pi. 9, 2d ed., 1842.—De Kay, Zool. N. Y., 1842, 31.— 
Tenney, Man. Zool., 1800, 290. 
Sceloporus undulatux, Graveniiorst, Nov. Acta, xviii, 708.—Wiegmann, Isis, 1828, 
309.—Bd., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, Whipple’s Route, Reptiles, 37. 
Sceloporus nndulatus, Harlan, subspecies undulatus, Harlan, Cope, Check-List N. A. 
Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 48. 
Hab.—North America, except Sonoran aud Lower Californian Regions. 
Found abundant in Nevada; less so in Utah in 1872. Scarce in the 
more Southern Territories. 
A close examination of the specimens captured reveals no points of dif- 
ference between the eastern and western varieties, excepting a deeper color- 
ation of the lines and bands in the western form. Inhabiting for the most 
part rocky ground. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
N 
N i 
N 2 
205 
205 A 
205 B 
S 
Dome Canon, Nev 
Aug., 1872 
.do 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
do 
do 
Pyrmont, Nev 
do 
Beaver, Utah 
Sept., 1872 574 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
SCELOPORUS CONSOBRINUS, Baird & Girard. 
Sceloporus consobrinus, Baird & Girard, March’s Exped. Red. Riv., 1853, 224, pi. 10. 
figs. 5-12.—Bd., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, Whipple’s Route, Reptiles, 37.—Id., 
U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., pt. ii, Reptiles, 5.—Hayul, Trans. Am. Phil. 
Soc., xii, 18G2, 303.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 303.—Allen, 
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvii, 1874, 69.—Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. 
& Kept., 1875, 49. 
Hab.—Sonoran and Central Regions, Oregon, and Texas. 
Exceedingly abundant throughout regions visited. 
In addition to the specimens noted in the list, Professor Cope informs 
me of a variety found in our collection much like the typical form in 
squamation, but quite distinct in colors. The sides are very dark, and the 
dorsal region is yellowish in a broad band from the nape of the neck to the 
rump. Professor Cope, in his report upon the reptiles collected by the 
United States Geological Survey of Territories in Montana, page 468, gives 
four distinct varieties of S. consobrinus, to which list this new variety 
should be added. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
0 
Fairfield, Utah 
Aug., 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
0 I 
do 
Do. 
do 
Do. 
c 
Cove Creek? U tah 
Sept., 1872 
Do. 
445 
Fort Wingate, N. Mex 
July, 1873 
H. W. Henshaw 
500 
Pescao, N. Mex 
do 
Do. 
500 A 
Southern Arizona 
Do. 
R 36 
Fort Wingate, N. Mex 
Aug., 1873 
T. V. Brown. 
656 B 2 
Camp Apache, Ariz 
PI. W. Henshaw. 
626 
5 A 2 
PPP6 
1 187^ 
Do. 
, 1873 
Do. 
Camp Apache, Ariz 
, 1873 
Do. 
7 
Santa F£, N. Mex 
June, 1874 
Do. 
7 A 
A 248 
.... do 
Do. 
Pagosa, Colo • 
Sept., 1874 
C. E. Aiken. 
398 
A T 1 
do 
Lieut. R. Birnie. 
do 
G. Thompson. 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
2 L8 
SCELOPORUS SPINOSUS, Wiegmann. 
Sceloporus spinosis, WEIGMANN, Isis, 1828, 369. 
Tropidolepis spinosus, Gray, Syuf Nat. Kept. Griff., An. King., ix, 1831, 43. LACERTILIA—1GUANIDAE—SCELOPORUS CLARKII, CLARKII. 
575 
Sceloporus spinoms, Wiegmann, Herp. Mex., 1834, 50, pi. vii.—Bd., U. 8. & Mex. 
Bound. Surv., pt. ii, 1859, Kept., 5.—7d., F. R. It. Rep., x, 1853-54, Whipple’s 
Route, 38.—Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 49. 
Hail—Arizona and Texas. 
Specimens secured in Arizona in 1871. Is not common. 
SCELOPORUS CLARKII, Bairtl & Girard, subspecies CLARKII, Baird & Girard. 
Plate XXIII, Figs. 1, la. 
Sceloporvs clarlcii, Baird & Girard, Froc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852, 127.—Bd., U. 
S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., pt. ii, 1859, Reptiles, 5. 
Sceloporva maginter, Hallow., Fioc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1854, 93.—Cope, Froc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, 93. 
IIail—Sonoran and South Pacific Regions. 
In addition to the typical 8. clarTdi, obtained by the expedition in 1873, 
a variety was also collected, which has been described by Professor Cope as 
follows: 
“ Scales of the back large, keeled, and mucronate in twenty-eight 
transverse rows from head shields to rump, and six longitudinal rows at 
the latter point. Edges without or with one or two serrae near the apex. 
Abdominal scales smaller; lateral intermediate; the former mostly entire; 
the gulars with one or two shallow notches. Head shields smooth, large; 
supraorbitals in one row only of transverse shields, separated only ante- 
riorly from the frontals by a row of narrow scales. Eight internasals, six 
of them in a median row of three pairs; five prefrontals, one broad and 
median j two frontals; two fronto-parietals, each joined by a single parietal 
on each side; an interparietal as broad as long. Auricular scales not differ- 
ent from those in front of them. Hind leg extended, bringing the end of the 
outer toe to the humerus. Twelve femoral pores on each side. 
“Total length, 0m.lC6; length to vent, 0ra.080; to auricular meatus, 
0m.019 ; to orbit, 0m.008 ; width between supercilia, 0m.012. 
“ Five or six blackish undulating cross-bands on an iron-gray ground; 
behind, on an angle of each bar, on each side, is a yellow scale, thus making 
two rows of small yellow spots. Below straw color; throat brown, banded 
lengthwise, with blue between. Sides with blue shades.” 
The plate affords view of the entire animal, and a profile of the head. 576 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
R 66. 
R 67 
1315 
176 
176 A 
H 1284 
508 
Southeastern Arizona 
Oct., 1873 
E. J. Sommer. 
Do. 
G. M. Keasbey. 
Jas. M. Rutter. 
Do. 
Do. 
H. W. Henshaw. 
do 
(?) 
Sept., 1874 
Rock Canon, Ariz 
Camp Crittenden, Ariz 
Santa Rita Mountains, Ariz 
Oct., 1874 
SCELOPORUS GRATIOSUS, Baird & Girard. 
Sceloporus graciosus, Baird & Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852, GO.—lid,, 
Stans. Rep. Exp. Great Salt Lake, 1853, 34G, pi. 5, figs. 1-3.—Bd., P. R. 
R. Rep., x, 1850, Gunnison and Beckwith’s Route, Reptiles, 17.—Id,, ib., 
Williamson and Abbott’s Route, Reptiles, 0.—Coop. & Suckl., Nat. Ilist. 
Wash. Terr., 1860, 204.—Hayd., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Phila., xii, 1802, 
177.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18GG, 303. 
Some of the specimens have five rows of supraorbital scales as in the 
type, but with larger scales, there being 45 and 46 instead of 50 from head 
to tail. Secured by the expedition in Nevada in 1871, in Utah in 1872, 
and at Abiquiu, N. Mex., in 1874. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
(?) 
LB5 
, 1872 
Sept., 1874 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
Abiquiu, N. Mex 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
SCELOPORUS GRACILIS, Baird & Girard. 
Sceloporus gracilis, Baird & Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852, 175.—lid., 
U. S. Exp. Exped., 1858, 38G, pi. 20, tigs. 1-0. 
For description of this interesting lizard, vide Stansbury’s Report of Ex- 
pedition to the Great Salt Lake, page 346. It is chronicled as inhabiting 
the valley of the Great Salt Lake, but was not met with by our party in 
the locality noted, being seen only on the western border of the House 
range of mountains, which form the western limit of the valley in extreme 
Eastern Nevada. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
Y 
Dome Canon, Nev 
Aug., 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
223 
Antelope Springs, Nev 
Do. LACERTILIA—1GUANIDAE—PHRYNOSOMA PLATYRHINUM. 
577 
Genus PHRYNOSOMA, Wiegmann. 
The collection of Horned Lizards, vulgarly known as 11 Homed Toads”, 
is very numerous, embracing nearly every species as yet chronicled from 
the regions visited. Of the Phrynosoma, according to Prof. Charles Girard, 
we may assume that six distinct species exist, for the diagnostic characters 
of which vide Stansbury’s Report of Expedition to the Great Salt Lake, page 
359 ; but Professor Cope, in his new check-list, has proposed certain modi- 
fications of Girard’s diagnoses, and the following list shows the number of 
species he at present admits; 
Plirynosoma modestum, Girard. 
Phrynosoma platyrhinum, Girard. 
Plirynosoma maccallii, Hallow. 
Plirynosoma regale, Girard. 
Plirynosomaplaniceps, Hallow. 
Plirynosoma cornutum, Harlan. 
Plirynosoma hernandezii, Girard. 
Phrynosoma douglasii, Bell, subspecies ornatissimum, Girard. 
Plirynosoma douglasii, Bell, subspecies douglasii, Bell. 
Phrynosoma hlainvillci, Gray. 
Phrynosoma coronation, Blainville. 
PHRYNOSOMA MODESTUM, Girard. 
Phrynosoma modestum, Girard, Stans, Rep. Exp. Great Salt Lake, 1853, 361, 365, pi. 
6, figs. 4-8.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 302.—Id., Check- 
List N. A. Batrach. & Kept., 1875, 49. 
Dolio8auru8 modestus, Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., pt. ii, 1859, Reptiles, 10.— 
Id., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, Whipple’s Route, Reptiles, 38.—Girard, Ilerp. 
U. S. Exp. Exped. 1858, 409. 
IIab.—Sonoran Region. 
Rather uncommon in Utah and Arizona; but few being seen. 
PIIRYNOSOMA PLATYRHINUM, Girard. 
Pnynosoma platyrhinus, Girard, Stans. Rep. Exp. Great Salt Lake, 1853, 361-363, pi. 
vii, figs. 1-5.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 302. 
Doliosaurus platyrhinus, Girard, Ilerp. U. S. Exp. Exped., 1858, 407.—Bd., P. R. R. 
Rep., x, 1859, Gunnison & Beckwith’s Route, Reptiles, 18. 
Phrynosoma platyrhinum, Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 49. 
Had.—Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico. 
Very numerous; abounding everywhere in Utah and Nevada; none 
secured in more southern localities, although they doubtless are found as far 578 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
south as Arizona. Some of the specimens enumerated in the following list 
assimilate closely to P. modestum, Girard, and are hardly distinguishable, 
while a great variety of coloration exists. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
221 
Dome Canon, Nev 
Aug., 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
208 
Sacramento, Nev 
do 
Do. 
208 A 
do 
Do. 
199 
Faust’s Station, Utah.... 
Do. 
8 
do 
Do. 
8 A 
Fairfield, Utah 
do 
Do. 
237 
Deseret City, Utah 
Sept., 1872 
Do. 
237 A 
...... do 
Do. 
237 B 
do 
Do. 
237 C 
do 
do ...... 
Do. 
222 
Rush Pond, Utah 
do ...... 
Do. 
222 A 
...... do 
do 
Henshaw. 
u 
Beaver, Utah 
Do. 
U 1 
do 
Do. 
U 2 
do ...... 
Do. 
U 3 
Do. 
U 4 
do 
do 
Do. 
us 
do 
Do. 
PHRYNOSOMA REGALE, Girard. 
Phrynosoma regale, Girard, Herp. U. S. Exp. Exped., 1858, 406.—Bd., TJ. S. & Mex 
Bound. Surv., pt. ii, Reptiles, 1850, 9, pi. xxviii, figs. 1-3.—Cope, Cheek- 
List N. A. Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 49. 
IIab.—Deserts of Gila and Colorado. 
This large and magnificent species was first chronicled from the val- 
leys of the Gila and Colorado Rivers, where it was taken by Mr. A. Schott; 
it is by no means abundant. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
A 1098 
B 1098 
C 1098 
Camp Lowell, Ariz 
Oct., 1874 
Jas. M. Rutter. 
Do. 
Do. 
do 
.... do LACERTILIA—IGUANIDAE—PHRYNOSOMA CORNUTUM. 
579 
PHRYNOSOMA PLANICEPS, Hallow. 
Plate XXIY, Fig. 1. 
Phrynosoma planiccjw, Hallow., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852,178.—CorE, Check- 
List N. A. Batrach. & Kept., 1875, 49. 
Hab.—Southern Sonoran Subregion. 
As already remarked, this rare and interesting species has been lost 
sight of since Girard’s description was published. It was rediscovered in 
1873 in Southeastern Arizona by Mr. Ilenshaw. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
R5 
Southeastern Arizona 
, 1873 
H. W. Henshaw. 
R 5, i 
do 
00 
Do. 
PIIRYNOSOMA CORNUTUM, Harlan. 
Phrynosoma comutum, ITarlan, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1825, 299.—Gray, 
Syu. Kept. Griff. Cuv., ix, 1831, 45.—Girard, Stans. Kep. Exp. Great 
Salt Lake, 1852, 3G0, pi. viii, figs. 1-0.—Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., 
pt. ii, Reptiles, 1859,9.—Cope, Check-List N. A. Batracb. & Kept., 1875, 49. 
IIab.—Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. 
This species resembles P. coronatum in having a double series of hori- 
zontal pyramidal scales on the periphery of the abdomen. Occipital and 
temporal spines more slender than in P. coronatum. Femoral pores incon- 
spicuous, while in P. coronatum they are well marked. 
This is a southern form, not having been met with north of New 
Mexico. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
A 115 
Ralston, Ariz 
Oct., 1873 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
A 1098 
Camp Lowell, Ariz 
July, 1874 
Ii. W. Henshaw and Jas. M. 
Rutter. 
1174 
Camp Apache, Ariz 
July, 1874 
Jas. M. Rutter. 
1183 
Camp Bowie, Ariz 
Aug., 1874 
Do. 
2 Y 
San lldefonso, N. Mex 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
H. W. Henshaw. 
1191 
Camp Bowie, Ariz 
L55 
Abiquiu, N. Mex 
Sept., 1874 
Dr. 0. Loew. 580 
ZOOLOGY—BATRAC FI IANS AND REPTILES. 
PHRYNOSOMA DOUGLASSII, Bell, subspecies DOUGLASSII, Bell. 
Aganui douglasii, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc., xvi, 1828 (1833) 105, pi. 10.—Harlan, Meil. 
& Pliys. Res., 1835, 141, f. 3. 
Phrynosoma dovglasii, Gray, Griff. An. King., ix, 1831, 44.—Wagler, Nat. Syst., 
Amplrib., 1830, 146.—Wiegmann, Herp. Mex., 1834, 54.—Holbrook, n! 
A. Herp., i, 1842, 101, pi. 14.—De Kay, Zool. N. Y., 1842, 31.—Gray, 
Cab. Brit. Mus., 1845, 227.—Girard, Stans. Rep. Exp. Great Salt Lake, 
1852, 362, pi. 7, figs. G-9.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 302.— 
Allen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xviii, 1874, 69. 
Papaya douglassii, Girard, Herp. U. S. Exp. Exped., 1858, 398, pi. 21, figs. 1-5.— 
Bd., P. R. R. Rep., x, 1859, Gunnison & Beckwith’s Route, Reptiles, 18.—Id., 
P. R. R, Rep., x, 1859, Williamson and Abbott’s Route, Reptiles, 9.—Coop. 
& Suckl., Nat. Hist. Wash. Terr., 1860, 294. 
Phrynosoma douglassii, Bell, subspecies douglassii, Bell, Cope, Check-List N. A. 
Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 49. 
Hab.—Entire Central Region, Oregon, and Washington. 
In 1872, found to be the most abundant species in Utah ; none being 
discovered in Nevada, although they were found in the eastern portion of 
that State in 1871; are also abundant in New Mexico and Arizona. The 
specimens collected are of all sizes, exhibiting every possible variation of 
color and markings. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
M 
Provo, Utah 
July, 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow and H. W. 
Henshaw. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr.* H. C. Yarrow. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow and H. W. 
Henshaw. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
M i 
do 
M 2 
do 
238 
238 A 
238 B 
238 C 
238 D 
V 
Deseret City, Utah 
Aug., 1872 
do 
do 
do 
do 
Beaver, Utah 
Sept., 1872 
V 1 
V 2 
V3 
B 1 
Toqucrville, Utah 
Oct., 1872 
B 2 
do 
B3 
b4 
do 
B 5 
do LACERT1 LI A—1G U AN I DAE—P. DOUGLASSII VAR ORNATISSIMUM. 
581 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
R 6 
2 A 
393 B 
418 
X P 
452 B 
452 B 1 
P33 
A 39 
1105 
y9 
A 51 var. 
106 
1284 
3Y 
I05 
L5 
1275 var. 
274 
L48 
L 50 
A 382 
235 
1014 A 
June, 1873 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Do. 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
II. W. Henshaw. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock and H. W. 
Henshaw. 
H. W. Henshaw. 
John Yarrow. 
Do. 
Dr. II. C. Yarrow. 
Jas. M. Rutter. 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
Prof. E. D. Cope, Dr. II. C. Yar- 
row, and W. G. Shedd. 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
II. W. Henshaw. 
Lieut. C. W. Whipple. 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
Do. 
Lieut. R. Birnie. 
W. G. Shedd. 
Jas. M. Rutter. 
do 
Fort Garland, Colo 
do 
Colorado 
July, 1873 
Fort Wingate, N. Mex ...... 
Fort Wingate, N. Mex 
Aug., 1873 
June, 1874 
Santa F£, N. Mex 
Colorado Springs, Colo 
July, 1874 
Rio Colorado, N. Mex..... 
Aug., 1874 
Camp Crittenden, Ariz .*...... 
San Ildefonso, N. Mex 
Abiquiu, N. Mex 
Camp Lowell, Ariz 
do ... 
Pagosa, Colo 
Sept., 1874 
.... do 
New Mexico .....’. 
do 
San Juan River, N. Mex...... 
.... do 
New Mexico 
.... do 
Camp Lowell, Ariz ... 
Oct., 1874 
PIIRYNOSOMA DOUGLASSII, subspecies ORNATISSIMUM, Girard. 
Phrynosoma orbicularc, Hallow., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuiii & Col. Riv., 1853, 125, pis. 
8-9 (not of Wiegmann). 
Tapaya ornatissma, Girard, Herp. U. S. Exp. Exped., 1858, 39G.—Bd., P. R. R. Rep., 
x, 1859, Whipple’s Route, Reptiles, 38.—Id,, U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., 
pt. ii, 1859, Reptiles, 9. 
Phrynosoma douglasii, subspecies ornatissimum, Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & 
Rept., 1875, 49. 
Had.—Sonoran Region. 
This species was not observed in 1871, but in 1872 was collected in 
Middle Utah in but one locality. Is very abundant in New Mexico and 
Arizona. 582 
ZOOLOGY—BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
267 
267 A 
267 B 
267 C 
267 D 
569 
569 A 
71 
62 
72 
73 
655 
055 A 
176 
176 A 
Cove Creek, Utah 
Sept., 1872 
Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr. C. G. Newberry. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Dr. 0. Loew. 
Do. 
Jas. M. Rutter. 
Do. 
do 
do 
White Mountains, Ariz 
Aug. 24, 1873 
do 
do 
do 
do 
Camp Apache, Ariz 
Aug., 1873 
do 
Rock Canon, Ariz 
Sept., 1874 
do 
PHRYNOSOMA BLAINVILLEI, Gray. 
Phrynosoma blainvillei, Gray, Syn. Rept. Griff. Cuv., ix, 1831.—Girard, Herp. U. S. 
Exp. Exped., 1858, 400.—Cope, Check-List N. A. Batraeh. & Rept., 1875, 49. 
Hab.—Pacific Region. 
A number of specimens secured in 1871 in Arizona; not collected since 
that time. 
TESTUDINATA. 
Fam. cinosternidae. 
Genus AROMOCHELYS, Gray. 
AROMOCHELYS CABINATUS, Gray. 
Aromochelys carinatus, Gray, Cat. Shield Rept. Brit. Mus.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila., 1866, 310.—Id., Check-List N. A. Batraeh. & Eept., 1875, 52. 
Ozotlieca tristiclia, Agass., Coutrib. Nat. Hist. U. S., i, 1857, 423, pi. 5, figs. 20-22. Bd., 
U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., pt. ii, 1859, Reptiles, 3. 
Hab.—Louisianian District and Arizona. 
Obtained in Arizona in 1871, also in 1873, and appears to be rather 
common. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. Collector. 
P P P 7 
145 A 
Southern Arizona 
, 1873 H. W. Henshaw. 
, 1873 E. E. Howell. 
«% TESTUDJNATA—EMYDIDAE—CHRYSEMYS OREGONENSIS. 
583 
Genus CINOSTERNUM, Wagler. 
C1NOSTERNUM HENRICI, LeCoute. 
Plate XYI, Figs. 1, 2, 3. 
Kinostcrnum henrici, LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, 182.—Id., ib., 1859, 
4.—Cope, Check-List N. A. Batrach. & Rept., 1875, 52. 
This interesting species was first described from specimens brought 
from New Mexico by Dr. T. C. Henry, of the United States Army, since 
which time, so far as is known, it has not been seen until collected by Dr. 
J. T. Rothrock and II. W. Henshaw, of this expedition in 1874. The 
locality where the specimens were taken is Rock Creek Canon, south of 
Cam}) Apache, Ariz., and they were secured while fishing in a small stream 
which runs through the canon, the animals taking the bait fiercely and freely, 
appearing to be numerous. It is a matter of some surprise in view of this 
abundance that the species has not been recognized for so long an inter- 
val. The plate affords a view of this species from above and below and 
in profile. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
1103 
XI03 A 
Rock Creek Canon, Ariz 
July, 1874 
do _ _ _ _ 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock and H. W. 
Henshaw. 
Do. 
flo - _ _ 
Fam. EMYDIDAE. 
Genus CHRYSEMYS, Gray. 
CHRYSEMYS OREGONENSIS, Harlan. 
Umys oregonoms, IIARLAN, Am. Jour. Sci., xxxi, 382. 
Chrysemys orcgonensis, Holbrook, N. A. Herp., i, 1842, 107.—Agass., Cont., i, 1857, 
440.—Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., pt. ii, Reptiles, 1859, 4.—Cope, 
Check-List N. A. Batracb. & Kept., 1875, 53. 
Hab.—Central Region. 
This species was found to be quite abundant in the same locality as 
the preceding-, and was taken in a similar manner. 584 
ZOOLOGY—BATEACHIANS AND REPTILES. 
No. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
1103 A B 
Rock Creek Canon, Ariz 
July, 1874 
Dr. J. T. Rothrock and H. W. 
Henshaw. 
The following summary will show the nnmber of species actually iden- 
tified ; some few still remain unidentified: 
Batrachia • 17 
Ophidia 26 
Lacertilia 35 
Testudinata 3 
Total 87 
Note.—It has been thought best, in compiling the above report, to 
enumerate every specimen accurately labeled, so as to give an indication 
of geographical distribution.