1885. 
Price, 12 Cts. 
Third Year. 
THE 
Laboratory ® Handbook, 
BY \ 
JOHN HOWARD APPLETON, A. M., 
" - Professor of Chemistry in Brown University. 
I . AUTHOR OF 
The Young Chemist, 
Qualitative Chemical Analysis, 
Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 
O PROVIDENCE, R. I. : o 
GORDON ROSCOE & COMPANY 
o o O PUBLISHERS. O o < 
o o o 18S5. o o o 
Professor Robert Bunsen of Heidelberg. 
Copyright by John Howard Appleton, 1884. ' MOSS EHG. C<r 
represented in cut, has in a comparatively short time become widely popular among Lecturers and others 
for various valuable improvements which no other Magic Lanterns possess. 
Examining the cut, it will readily be understood that the instrument may easily be directed to any 3e- 
sired angle. The adjustment of the blow-pipe is done on an entirely new and approved plan, and when 
properly secured will not get out of order. The regulatingof the lime is controlled by a simple contrivance 
below the lantern, which keeps the lower portion of the lime-holder perfectly cool, and no heat can 
interfere with the proper management of the lime. 
The condensing lenses, accurately mounted in brass cells, which are secured to lantern means of two 
thumb-screws, may easily be removed for cleaning the lenses The carrier, when placed, in position, will 
remain perfectly centred during the lecture. All wooden slides are centred by means of a simple device 
attached to one side of the lantern. The body of the instrument is made of itie very best Russian sheet 
iron, all seams folded and riveted, nicely ornamented in black and gilt; all other parts are highly finished 
and plated. 
The above Magic Lantern, with first quality condensing lenses 4 1-2 in. in diameter; first quality 1-4 size 
Achromatic Objective, nicely mounted in brass, with rack and pinion adjustment for focusing, and first 
quality Oxy. Hydrogen Burner, $40.00. Attachment for Coal Oil, $5.00 extra. 
Refer, by permission, to a few parties using my Magic Lantern: 
American Museum of Natural History, Central Park, (77th St. and 8th Ave.) ? 
New York, Nov. 3d, 1884. S 
Having examined many kinds of Stereopticons that have been offered at moderate prices, we have selected 
Mr. Beseler’s as the best for the price, and have purchased them only. ALBKRT S. BlCKMORE. 
1 do endorse the above, and from a thorough practical knowledge can recommend them to any one in 
need of a first-class instrument. L. C. LAUDY, Operator, Lecture Dept. Am. M. Nat. History. 
Prof. P. W. BEDFORD, College of Pharmacy: Dr. L. H. LAUDY, School of Mines, N. Y. City. 
SA,M. F. JONES, Attorney at Law, Hartford, Conn. 
Darlot Objectives. 
Nicely mounted in Brass, with rack and pinion adjustment for focusing, can be had in matched pairs. 
Prices: 1-4 size, 4 1-2 inch focus, $7 00 
1-3 “ 51-2 “ 12 00 
Magic Lantern Condensers. 
4 inch diameter, $3 60. 4 1-2 inch diameter. $4 00. 5 inch diameter, $4 50.—each. 
1- size, 7 inch focus, $14 50 
2- “ 81-2 “ “ 21 00 
j 4-4 size, 1 1-2 inch focus, $30 00 
©3F~The following table of sizes and distances will be found very useful to parties not familiar with these 
important facts: 
1-4 size Objective, 14 ft. distant, gives i 
a 7 ft. Ticture 1 
10 
1-8 “ “ 36 
12 “ | 
1-3 “ 50 
1-2 “ “ 50 “ “ 
111 ‘ i 
14 “ 1 
1-2 size 
Objective. 60 ft. distant, gives a 17 1-2 ft. Picture 
“ 57 “ “ 15 
2-3 “ 
2-3 “ 
(54 “ •• 17 
4-4 “ 
“ HO “ “ 16 
4-4 “ 
“ 1(10 “ •* 22 
CHAS. BESELER, 218 Centre St., New York. APPLETON'S LABORATORY HANDBOOK. 
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OBJKCT1VES, OCULARS, BINOCULARS, SPECTRAL AND MICRO- 
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The optical apparatus made by Mr. Zeiss, being constructed upon formula furnished 
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throughout the world. 
The new Catalogue (in German) just out, being very voluminous, will be forwarded 
to applicants for 6 cents in postage stamps. We expect shortly 
Microscopic Preparations of Bacilles, 
of Choleras, Tuberculosus, Diphteritis, Lepra, etc., etc. For sale to Physicians and 
Students at lowest prices. 
Telescopes, Microscopes, Opera and Field Glasses, Barometers, Thermometers, 
Drawing Instruments, Magic Lanterns, etc. 
FR. J. EMMERICH & SON, 
Agents for Carl Zeiss, of Jena, 
138 Fulton St., near Nassau, New York. 
Fine Chemicals Strictly Pure Acids, 
—FOR— 
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PROFESSOR APPLETON’S CHEMICAL TEXT-BOOKS. 
The Young Chemist, - Price $0.90 
Qualitative Analysis, .90 
Quantitative Analysis, - “ 1.50 
These books are unsurpassed in the help they afford to teachers. 
The Boston Journal of Chetnistry, referring to the first two of the 
series, says: 
“These text-books are among the very best which have appeared in 
this country. * . . Mr. Appleton has conferred a great boon upon 
young students, and it will be long before better text-books can be devised 
for their instruction.” 
From Professor H. B. Cornwall, John C. Green School of Science, 
Princeton, N. J. : 
“ For students who wish a preliminary training I have not seen a better 
course than Professor Appleton’s Quantitative Analysis.” 
Copies sent by mail, postpaid upon receipt of the advertised price, by 
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PROF. CHAS. F. CHANDLER, PH. D., 
OF THE 
School of Mines, Columbia College, N. Y., 
Has assumed the Editorship of 
Anthony’s * Photographic * Bulletin, 
And it will therefore be to the advantage of everyone interested 
in the 
CHEMISTRY OF PHOTOGRAPHY 
To send us their subscription. 
SAMPLE COPIES PR.EE. 
We append a few testimonials. 
Bead what is said of ANTHONY’S BULXETIN. 
Here is my year 1883 payment for your most valuable journal. The.exrra dollar for 
the illustrations is just nothing along side of some of your camera curiosities, such as that 
extra rapid view of Broadway. M. B. KILBURN, Coaticook, Canada. 
As a novice in photography I have examined all or nearly all the journals devoted to 
the art, and find none so thorough and competent as the Bulletin. The subjects are well 
selected and admirably treated, and the most noted and one of the best features in it is the 
information which it affords on all the recent advances made and being made in our art in 
Europe, in which you display a marked and commendable effort to disseminate all the 
light possible on the most intricate and interesting of subjects, and for such you are justly 
entitled to the recognition and respect oPthe photographic fraternity. 
MICHAEL WHALING. 
You have sent me the Bulletin from its first issue, and it has become a familiar friend 
about the gallery that is always welcome, and profitably entertains us in our leisure hours 
without boring us with the oft repeated remark that “you can’t afford to be without us.” 
D. R. CLARK, Indianapolis, Ind. 
Although I have been out of the photographic business for about three years I take as 
much pleasure in the Bulletin as ever. W. H. JENNINGS, Norwich, Ct. 
It is like the Tropical plates, cannot do without them. 
CHAS. E. WALLIN, Montgomery, Ala. 
The Bulletin is an old and warm friend of mine, and our relations must continue right 
aloug. I should feel lost without its regular visits. 
L. E. BEARDSLEY, Defiance, O. 
We cannot do without it. A. N. STAUFFER & CO., Mt. Pleasant. 
E. & H. T. ANTHONY & CO., 
Photographic Apparatus and Materials for Amateurs 
and Professionals. 
591 BROADWAY, - - - NEW YORK. 
Forty years established in this line of business. THE 
Laboratory Handbook. 
BY 
JOHN HOWARD 'SPPLETON, A. M., 
Professor of Chemistry in Brown University. 
AUTHOR OF 
THE YOUNG CHEMIST, 
QUALITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 
QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS. 
CONTENTS : 
Calendar 2 
Editorial greeting 3 
r tr . ■' j . 
Astronomical notes for 1885 i 3 
f 
Diary,—January to December '> 4-15 
. i'7 
United States postal regulations t 16 
United States patent fees 17 
Atomic and molecular weights 18-19 
Tables of weights and measures 20 
Alphabetical table of equivalent values of weights and measures 21 
Tables for comparisons of degrees on Fahrenheit’s and the centigrade thermometer.. 22 
Table giving specific gravities of elementary substances 23 
Table of simple formulas for calculating areas, surfaces, and volumes 23 
The C. G. S. system of units.... 24 
Alphabetical table of units used in physical science 25 
Tables of Logarithms 26-28 
Tables of Anti-Logarithms 29-32 
E. A. JOHNSON & CO., PRINTERS, 57 WEYBOSSET STREET, PROVIDENCE, R. I /qI eK& Pacoii) oj? nature are 
tfte tftougfttl) oj? Svoc|. 
Oersted 
CALENDAR. 
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<#j? aPP tfte ijear coere pPaijing 
©L j&port aoouPil fee teeLiou/l> a<§> Co coorK3, 
First Part-Henry IV. EDITORIAL GREETING. 
The third annual issue of 
THE LABORATORY HANDBOOK 
is now offered for the favorable consideration of the scientific world. Many of our 
friends have found the previous numbers serviceable; they will discover in this one 
several new features that we trust will merit their approval. 
We are already indebted to many users of the little book for valuable advice; we 
shall be happy to receive in the future such other suggestions as any of our readers 
may offer, in the hope of yet further improving the Handbook. 
THE EDITOR. 
ASTRONOMICAL NOTES FOR 1885 
In the year 1885 there will be four eclipses, two of the sun and two of the moon. 
ECLIPSES. 
I. An annular eclipse of the sun on 
March 16, visible at Washington as a par- 
tial eclipse. 
Circumstances of the Eclipse. 
h. M. 
Eclipse begins 10 09 A. w. 
Central eclipse begins 11 31 “ 
Central eclipse at noon 1 06 P. M. 
Central eclipse ends 1 43 • “ 
Eclipse ends 3 06 “ 
II. A partial eclipse of the moon on 
March 30, invisible at Washington; visible 
in the Western Pacific Ocean, Asia and the 
eastern portion of Europe and Africa. 
III. A total eclipse of the sun on Sep- 
tember 8, invisible at Washington, but 
visible in the South Pacific Ocean. 
IV. A partial eclipse of the moon on 
September 23-24, visible at Washington; 
also on the Atlantic Ocean, North and 
South America, and the Pacific Ocean. 
Times of the Phases. 
H. M. 
Moon enters penumbra n 52 p. M. 
Moon enters shadow 1 06 A. M. 
Middle of the eclipse 2 40 “ 
Moon leaves shadow 4 14 “ 
Moon leaves penumbra 5 28 “ 4 
APPLETON'S LABORATORY LI AND BO OK. 
JANUARY 
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1885. 
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“ I have read with care a copy of Appleton’s Quantitative Analysis, and 
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University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt. 
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Washington University. St. Louis, Mo. 
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- A PPLE TON'S LA BOA'A TOP V HANDBOOK'. 
TABLE BASED ON THE LATEST REVISION OF 
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS. 
(Derived from Professor F. W. Clarke’s figures.) 
Approxim’e 
NAMES OR FORMULAS. 
Approxim’e 
NAMES OR FORMULAS. 
WEIGHTS. 
Weights. 
WEIGHTS. 
Weights. 
27. 
IOI .9 
58.8870 
63.1730 
58.9 
63.2 
Al-iO j.. 
IOI.9079 
Al2(S04)3-f(NH4)j 
CuO 
S04 f 24H20... 
904.5280 
904-5 
CuS04+5Ho0 
248.8267 
248.8 
119-9550 
303.7632 
335.8620 
120. 
303.8 
335-9 
Didymium, D 
Sh.,0. ' ' 
I44-573° 
144 6 
Sb»S3 . ... 
165.8910 
18.9840 
68.8540 
165.9 
19. 
68.9 
K Sb O H.,04C4H., 
Oo ]H.,0 
33t-6 
74.9180 
I97-7259 
245.7880 
74-9 
J97-7 
245.8 
Crlucinum, G 
9 0850 
9.1 
As2S3. 
196.1550 
196.2 
NH4 Mg As 04 Hi2 
396.3108 
396-3 
Hydrogen, H 
I.OOOO 
I . 
MgoAs207 
H.,0 
17.9633 
18. 
309.4971 
136.7630 
309-5 
136.8 
113 3980 
H3-4 
BaCl2+2H,0 
243.4296 
232.6002 
243-4 
232.6 
Iodine, I 
126.t470 
126.6 
KI 
165.5760 
234.2320 
165.6 
234-2 
Bismuth, Bi 
207.52^0 
207.5 
A{tT 
Bi203 
BiO NO 
462.9359 
285.3972 
462.9 
. 285.4 
192.6510 
192.7 
IO.94IO 
TO f> 
Iron, Fe 
ss-gtso 
55-9 
79.7680 
118.7870 
187.4430 
79.8 
Fe,03 
FeS04 7H2O 
159-7159 
277-4933 
159-7 
277-5 
KBr. 
AgBr 
187.4 
Fe S04 + (NH4)2 
hi .8350 
127.7983 
143.8190 
in .8 
SO4+6H2O . . . . 
391.4092 
391 -4 
CdO 
127.8 
143.8 
Fe2(S04)3d (NH4)2 
S04+24H20. .. 
062.3360 
962.3 
CdS 
Cajsium, Cs 
132.5830 
132.6 
Lanthanum, La 
138.5260 
138-5 
Calcium, Ca 
39.990° 
40. 
Lead, Pb 
206.47IO 
206.5 
55-9533 
99-8535 
135.8272 
222,4343 
238.4550 
330.2928 
222.4 
238-5 
99.9 
t35 8 
CaS04 
11.9736 
12 . 
PhSO, 
302.3082 
302.3 
CO 
27.9369 
co> .. 
7.0073 
7- 
I4O.424O 
I4O.4 
Magnesium, Mg 
23 959° 
24- 
35-3700 
35-4 
MgO 
AgCl 
39.9223 
39-9 
143.0450 
58.3680 
143- 
58.4 
MgS04 + 7H20.... 
Mg2P20; 
NaCl 
245-5393 
245-5 
52.OO9O 
I5I*9°79 
52- 
I5I-9 
Cr2Oj ..' 
53.906° 
53-9 
K2Cr..O- 
293.7991 
293.8 
MnO 
69.8693 
69.9 
K.,S 64+Cr,(S04)3 
MnO., 
85.8326 
85.8 
+ 24H..O 
996.5240 
225.5712 
225.6 
yy d APPLETON'S LABORATORY HANDBOOK. 
19 
TABLE BASED ON THE LATEST REVISION OF 
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS. 
(Continued.) 
— 
Approxim’c 
Approxim’t* 
NAMES OK FORMULAS. 
WEIGHTS. 
Weights. 
NAMES OR FORMULAS. 
_ WEIGHTS. 
Weights. 
IQQ.7I20 
t* * 
199.7 
85.2510 
85-3 
HgCU. 
Ruthenium, Ru 
270.4520 
270.5 
I04.2170 
104.2 
HgS 
231.6960 
231-7 
43.9800 
78.7970 
28.1950 
60 1216 
44- 
78.8 
28.2 
60.1 
Molybdenum, Mo... 
95-527° 
95-5 
Nickel, Ni 
47 0280 
57-9 
NiO 
73-8913 
73-9 
Sio./ 
Ni S04 + (NH,), 
SO4+6HUO 
393.4242 
393-4 
107.6750 
107.7 
AgCl 
93.8120 
93-8 
H3- 
169.6 
23- 
AgN 03 
169.5859 
22.9980 
Nitrogen, N 
N.2Oi 
14 0210 
107.8585 
62.9109 
100.9299 
I7.O2IO 
18.0210 
14- 
107.9 
Sodium, Na 
HN03 
NaCl 
58.3680 
58.4 
IOO.9 
*7- 
18. 
Na2CO.> 
105.8595 
Na.O 
62. 
NH, 
87.3740 
183.2112 
87.4 
183.2 
NH,C1 
53-39*° 
34-9843 
53-4 
SrSOj 
NH4OH 
fNHiloPtCL 
35- 
442.7 
442.6770 
31.9840 
so.2 
198.4940 
63.9106 
79-8739 
63.9 
198.5 
so, 
so4 
t5-9633 
l6. 
95-8372 
O9 
h„so4 
97.8 
31.9266 
31-9 
97.8372 
Oj 
Tantalum, Ta 
47■8899 
63.8532 
79.8165 
9S-7798 
47-9 
63 9 
79.8 
95-8 
182.I44O 
182.1 
04 
O5 
127.9600 
128. 
0« 
O7 
Thorium, Th 
203.7 
in.7431 
127.7064 
in.7 
127.7 
233.4140 
233.4 
o9 
143.6697 
1°5-737° 
143-7 
105.7 
117.6980 
224.3646 
117.7 
224.4 
sAci2+2H.o.. . 
SnO., 
149 6246 
149.6 
Phosphorus, P 
p«o- 
30.9580 
141-7325 
31 • 
141-7 
♦Titanium, Ti 
47-9997 
48. 
Mg>P..O- 
221.5771 
221.6 
183.6100 
183.6 
T-,1 . T>l 
194-415° 
484.6730 
194.4 
484.7 
Uranium, LT 
238.4820 
51.2560 
238.5 
KoPtCl6 
51-3 
(NH4)oPtClj 
442.677O 
39-OI9° 
94.0013 
74.3890 
484.6730 
173-8752 
104.055° 
442-7 
39- 
94- 
74-4 
484.7 
x73-9 
IO4. I 
Ytterbium Yb 
I72.761O 
89.8160 
64.9045 
89.8 
K..>0 
Zinc, Zn 
64.9 
KC1 
ZnO 
80.8678 
80.9 
K0SO4 
ZnS04+7H.0 .... 
286.4848 
286.5 
Rhodium, Rh 
Zirconium, Zr 
89.3670 
89.4 
♦Thorpe, T. E., Chemical News, 48; 251. 20 
APPLETON'S LABORATORY HANDBOOK. 
TABLES OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
ENGLISH WEIGHTS. 
TROY WEIGHT. 
Pound. Ounces. Pennyweights. Grains. French Grammes. 
1 12 240 5760 = 373.2419 
1 20 480 = 31.1035 
1 24 1-555a 
APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT. 
lb. 5 5 9 gr. 
Pound. Ounces. Drachms. Scruples. Grains. French Grammes- 
1 12 96 288 5760 = 373.2419 
1 8 24 480 = 31.1035 
1 3 60 =- 38179 
1 20 =» 1.2959 
i = .0648 
AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 
Pound. Ounces. Drachms. Grains. French Grammes. 
i 16 256 7000 = 453 5926 
1 16 437.5 = 28.3495 
1 27-343 = >77i8 
METRIC MEASURES. 
MEASURES OF LENGTH. 
1 Millimetre = 0.001 of a metre. 
1 Centimetre = o 010 of a metre. 
1 Decimetre = 0.100 of a metre = about 4 inches. 
1 Metre = 1.000 Metre = 39.37 inches. 
1 Decametre = 10 000 metres. 
1 Hectometre = 100.000 metres. 
1 Kilometre = 1,000 000 metres = about % of a mile. 
1 Myriametre = 10,000.000 metres = about 61 miles. 
MEASURES OF SURFACE. 
x Centiare = 1 Square metre = about 11 square yards. 
1 Are = 100 Square metres. 6 
1 Hectare = 10,000 Square metres = about 7% acres. 
MEASURES OF VOLUME. 
x Cubic Metre = 1000 Cubic Decimetres. 
— 1000 Litres, or one Kilolitre. 
= 1 Stere. 
I Litre = 
1 cubic decimetre, 
or 1000 cubic centimetres 
MEASURES OF CAPACITY. 
= about 1 quart. 
1 Milligramme = 0.001 of a gramme — about J of a grain. 
1 Centigramme = 0.010 of a gramme. 6 H 
1 Decigramme = 0.100 of a gramme. 
1 Gramme = 1.000 Gramme = about grains. 
1 Decagramme = 10.000 grammes. 
1 Hectogramme = 100.000 grammes. 
1 Kilo(gramme) = 1000.000 grammes = about 2 V lbs. 
MEASURES OF WEIGHT. 
1 Tonneau = 1000. Kilo’s = about 1 ton. APPLETON'S LAB OP A TORY HANDBOOK. 
21 
ALPHABETICAL TABLE OF EQUIVALENT VALUES OF 
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
i Are — too sq. metres 119.6 sq. yards. 
1 Centiare = x sq. metre, = 100 sq. centimetres 1550. sq. inches. 
1 Centimetre —1 of a metre. .3937 inches. 
To¥ 
1 Cubic centimetre; (of dist. water, weighs 1 gm.) .0610 cub. inches. 
1 Cubic decimetre, (same as 1 litre) 1000 C. C. 
1 “ “ of distilled water, weighs 1000 gms., or 1 kilogramme. 
1 “ “ in English or imperial measure .8804 quarts. 
“ in A merica?i or wine measure .... 1.0567 quarts. 
1 Cubic foot (1728 cubic inches) 28,315.3119 cub. cent. 
1 “ “ of water (at 62° F.) weighs 62.3210 lbs. Av. 
1 Cubic inch 16.3861 cub. cent. 
1 “ “ of water (at 62 F.) weighs 252.458 grains. 
i “ “ of water (at 6o° F.) weighs 252.5 grains. 
1 Cubic metre (1 Stere), = 1,000,000. C. C., or ... 1000. litres. 
1 Fluid ounce, imperial,=28.4 C. C 1.7329 cub. inches. 
1 “ “ wine measure, = 29 5 C. C 1.8047 cub. inches. 
1 “ “ imperial, of water (62° F.) weighs 437.5 grains. 
i “ “ wine measure, of water (605 F.) weighs 456.0 grains. 
1 Foot 30.48 centimetres. 
1 Gallon, imperial, = 277.274 cubic inches 4-5435 litres. 
1 “ “ of water, weighs (62° F.) 10 lbs. or 70,000 grains. 
1 Gallon, wine measure,== 231. cubic inches 3 7852 litres. 
1 “ “ “ of water, weighs (6ol F.) 8.34 lbs. or 58,372.2 grains. 
x Gramme (weight of 1 C. C. of dist. water, 40 C.) 15-4323 grains. 
1 Inch 2.54 centimetres. 
1 Kilogramme (1000 grammes) 2.2046 lbs. Av. 
1 Litre (see cubic decimetre). 
1 Metre (1 40-mill’th of Earth’s meridian) 3 ft. 3 in. % in., nearly. 39-37°8 inches, 
x Pint, wine meas., = 16 fluid oz. = of water (6o° F.) 7296.5 gr... 473.148 cub. cent. 
x “ imperial, = 20 fluid oz. = of water (62° F.) 8750. gr 567-932 cub. cent. 
x Quart, wine measure, = 32 fluid ounces .9463 litres. 
1 “ imperial, = 40 fluid ounces 1.1358 litres. 
1 Ton Avoirdupois (2000 lbs.) 29,166%. oz. Troy. 
x Tonneau, = 1,000,000 gms 1000 kilo’s. 22 
APPLETON'S LA BO PA TOR V HANDROOK. 
' \ 
TABLE SHOWING CORRESPONDING DEGREES ON THE SCALES OF 
THE FAHRENHEIT AND CENTIGRADE 
THERMOMETERS. 
FA HR. 
CENT. 
FAHR. 
CENT. 
FAHR. 
CENT. 
1 FAHR. 
1 
CENT.1 j FAHR. 
CENT. 
FAHR. 
CENT. 
32.... 
O. 
62 . . 
16.6 
91.4.. 
33- 
121 . . 
49-4 
!r52... 
66.6 
!i82... 
83-3 
33 • • 
■5 
62.6.. 
17- 
92. .. 
33-3 
1122 . . . 
50. 
'152-6. 
67 
1183 - - ■ 
83.8 
33-8-• 
I . 
63 
17.2 
93.... 
33'8 
123. . 
5°-5 
1153 - - • 
67.2 
183.2. 
84 
34 • • ■ 
I .1 
64 ... . 
17.7 
93.2.. 
34- 
123.8 
5i- 
154... 
67.7 
184.. . 
84.4 
35•••■ 
i 6 
64.4.. 
18. 
94.... 
34-4 
I24... 
51 1 
jI54-4- 
68. 
.85... 
85- 
35-6-• 
2. 
65- 
18.3 
95 — 
35- 
125... 
51.6 
jr55- • • 
68.3 
186... 
85-5 
36 
2.2 1 
66... 
18.8 
196.... 
35-5 
125.6. 
52. 
1I56... 
68.8 
186.8. 
86. 
37 ••• 
2.7 
66.2.. 
19. 
96.8.. 
36- 
126... 
52.2 
156.2. 
69. 
187... 
86 1 
37.4.. 
3- 
67.... 
19.4 
97.... 
36.1 
127... 
52-7 
157. .. 
69.4 
188... 
86.6 
38.... 
3-3 
68.... 
20. j 
98.... 
36.6 
127.4. 
53- 
158... 
70. 
188.6. 
87. 
39.... 
3-8 
69.... 
20.5 
98.6.. 
37 J 
1128. . . 
53-3 
159... 
7°-5 
189... 
87.2 
39.2. . 
4- 
69.8.. 
21 . 
99.... 
37-2 
'129-•• 
53-8 
159.8. 
71 
190... 
87.7 
40... 
4.4 
70.... 
21 . I 
IOO... 
37-7 
I29.2. 
54- 
160... 
71.1 
I9°t4• 
88. 
41... 
5 
71... 
21.6 
IOO.4. 
38. 
13°... 
54-4 
l6l . . 
71.6 
191... 
88.3 
42.... 
5-5 
71.0.. 
22 . 
IOI... 
38.3 
I3I • • 
55- 
161.6. 
72. 
192... 
88 8 
42.8. . 
6. 
72.... 
22.2 i 
102... 
38.8 
132... 
55-5 
162... 
72.2 
192.2. 
89. 
43.... 
6.1 
73'...- 
22.7 
102.2. 
39- 
8. 
56. 
163... 
72.7 
193... 
89.4 
44. ... 
6.6 
73-4-■ 
23. ! 
IO3. . 
39-4 
133 • ■ • 
56.1 
163.4. 
73- 
194... 
90. 
44.6.. 
7- 
74.... 
23-3 
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40. 
134 ■ ■ ■ 
56.6 
:i64- . . 
73-3 
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9°-5 
45 
7.2 
75 • • • 
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57- 
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73-8 
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91. 
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7-7 
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24- 
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41. 
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74- 
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91.1 
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8. 
76 ... 
24.4 
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41.1 
jI36. . 
57-7 
166... 
74-4 
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91.6 
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8-3 
77... 
25- 
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41.6 
136.4. 
58. 
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75- 
197.6. 
92. 
48.... 
8 8 
78.... 
255 
107.6. 
42. 
137-• • 
58.3 
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75-5 
198... 
92.2 
48.2.. 
9- 
78.8.. 
26. 
108... 
42.2 
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58.8 
168.8. 
76. 
|i99--• 
92.7 
49.... 
9 4 
79 ••• 
26.1 
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42.7 
138.2. 
59- 
169... 
76.1 
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93- 
50.... 
IO. 
80 ... . 
26.6 
109.4. 
43- 
139... 
59-4 
170... 
76.6 
200... 
93-3 
51.... 
10.5 
80.6.. 
27- 
no.. . 
43-3 
140... 
60. 
170.6. 
77- 
201... 
93.8 
51.8.. 
II . 
8l 
27.2 : 
hi .. . 
43-8 
141. . . 
60.5 
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77.2 
201.2. 
94- 
52.... 
II . I 
82 . . . 
27.7 
hi .2. 
44. 
141.8. 
6l . 
172... 
77-7 
202... 
94-4 
53— 
11.6 
82.4.. 
28. j 
112... 
44-4 
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172.4 
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12. . 
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28. 
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61.6 
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174... 
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55 
12.7 
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29. 1 
114.8. 
46. 
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85 
29.4 I 
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46.1 
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62.7 
175.. 
79-4 
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56 
x3 -3 
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46.6 
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63- 
176... 
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206.6. 
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t®7-••• 
3»-5 ; 
116.6. 
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97.2 
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14 
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117... 
47.2 
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63.8 
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9 7-7 
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64. 
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208.4. 
98. 
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48. 
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64.4 
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81.6 
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119.. . 
48-3 
149... 
65- 
179.6. 
82. 
210... 
98.8 
60.8.. 
l6. 
90.... 
32.2 | 
120... 
48.8 
150... 
65-5 
180... 
82.2 
210.2. 
99. 
6l ... • 
l6. I 
91.... 
32-7 
120.2. 
49. 
150.8. 
66. 
181... 
82.7 
211... 
99-4 
151... 
66.1 
181.4. 
83- 
212... 
I 
IOO. 
, 
i APPLETON'S LABORATORY HAND BOOK 
23 
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES’ OF SOLID AND LIQUID 
ELEMENTS. (WATER—i.) 
Lithium ... 
•59 
Potassium 
.86 
Sodium 
•97 
Chlorine (liquid) 
1 -33 
Calcium 
1.58 
Magnesium 
1.70— 1.74 
Phosphorus 
x.83 — 1.96 
Sulphur 
1.98 — 2.07 
Glucinum 
2.IO 
Carbon 
2.27 — 3.52 
Silicon * 
2.49 
Aluminum 
2.50 — 2.67 
Strontium .. . 
2-54 
Bromine (liquid) 
2.99 — 3.19 
Selenium 
4.28 — 4.80 
Iodine 
4-95 
jArsenic 
5.63 — 5.67 
Tellurium 
6.18 — 6.24 
Antimony 
6.72 
Chromium 
7.01 
Zinc 
7-IO 7.20 
Tin 
Iron 
7.79 — 7.84 
Manganese 
8.01 — 8.03 
Cobalt 
8 49 — 8.si 
N ickel 
8.60 — 8.82 
Cadmium 
8.45 — 8.69 
Molybdenum 
8.62 — 8.64 
Copper 
8.93 — 8.95 
Bismuth 
9.78 — 9.80 
Silver 
IO.4O — IO.57 
Rhodium 
II.OO 11.20 
Lead 
11.33 — 11-39 
Palladium... 
IT 80 
Mercury (liquid.) 
13.60 
Tungsten 
17.20 — 18.30 
Uranium 
18.40 
Gold 
19.26 — 19.34 
Platinum 
21.50 
Iridium 
21.80 
SIMPLE FORMULAS FOR CALCULATING AREAS, 
SURFACES AND VOLUMES. 
" = 3-t4i6. 
Triangle, (altitude, a; base, b) Area = % ab. 
Circle, (radius,R; diameter, D) “ = 71 R2 or if 7T D2 
Ellipse, (semi-axes, a and b) “ = 7T ab. 
PLANE AREAS. 
SURB’ACES OF SOLIDS. 
Sphere, (radius, R; diameter, D) Surface = 4 7T R2 or 7T D2. 
Cylinder, (radius, R; height, h) “ — 2(71 R2) + (27TR)h =27iR(R i h). 
VOLUMES OF SOLIDS. 
Sphere, (radius, R; diameter, D) Volume = -^7r R:i or ~ D8. 
Cylinder or Prism, (height, h; area of base, a) “ = ah. 
Cone or Pyramid, (height, h; area of base, a) “ = bi ah. 24 
APPLE TON’S LABORATORY HANDBOOK. 
THE C. G. S. SYSTEM OF UNITS. 
The C. G. S. System of Units is the result of an attempt to express all quantities with 
which physical science deals, in terms of three fundamental units:— 
A Unit of Length, the centimetre: 
A Unit of Mass, the gramme; 
A Unit of Time, the second. 
From these the following units are derived: — 
Unit of Sitrface; the square centimetre. 
“ “ Volume; the cubic centimetre. 
“ “ Velocity; the velocity of one centimetre per second. 
“ “ Acceleration; the acceleration which imparts unit velocity to a body, in one sec- 
ond. 
“ “ Force; the dyne; the force, which, acting on a gramme mass for one second, 
imparts to it a unit of velocity. 
“ “ Work; the erg; the work done by a dyne working through one centimetre. 
“ “ Energy; also the erg: since the energy of a body is measured by the amount of 
work it can do. 
“ Heat; the amount of heat required to raise one gramme of water from o° to i° C. 
“ “ Magnetic Strength; a magnetic pole has unit strength when it repels a similar 
pole of equal strength, one centimetre distant, with the force of a dyne. 
“ “ Electric Current (electro-magnetic system); a current of such strength that 
one centimetre of its circuit, bent so that every point of it is one centimetre 
distant from a unit magnetic pole, exerts upon this pole the force of a dyne. 
“ “ Electric Quantity (electro-magnetic system); the quantity conveyed by a unit 
current in one second. 
“ “ Difference of Potential (electro magnetic system) ; two points have unit differ- 
ence of potential when one erg of work must be expended to bring a unit of 
-f- electricity from one to the other against the electric force. 
“ “ Electric Resistance (electro-magnetic system); a conductor possesses unit resis- 
tance when a unit difference of potential between its ends, causes a unit cur- 
rent to flow through it. APPLETON'S LABORATORY HANDBOOK. 
25 
ALPHABETICAL TABLE OF UNITS USED IN 
PHYSICAL SCIENCE. 
Ampere; unit of electric current; 10—1 C. G. S. units; the current produced by the dif- 
ference of potential of a volt through the resistance of an ohm. 
Calorie; French unit of heat; quantity of heat required to raise one kilogramme of water 
from o° to i° C; equals 3 968 Eng. units of heat. (See Heat, English unit of.) 
Capacity, unit of electric. See Farad. 
Cheval-de-vapeur. See Force-de-cheval. 
Coulomb; unit of electric quantity; 10—1 C. G. S. units; quantity conveyed by the cur- 
rent of an ampfire in a second. 
Current, unit of electric. See A mpere. 
Electro motive force, unit of See Volt. 
Farad; unit of electrtc capacity; 10—9 C. G. S. units; quantity which, with the electro- 
motive force of a volt, would flow through the resistance of an ohm in one second. 
Foot-pound; English unit of work; work required to raise one pound through one foot in 
opposition to the force of gravity. 
Force, units of. See Kilogramme and Pound. 
Force-decheval; French unit of power; .9864 horsepower; power of doing 75 kilogram - 
metres (542.5 foot-pounds) of work per second. 
Heat, English unit of; heat required to raise one pound of water from 32° to 33° F. (See 
Calorie.) 
Horse-power;English unit of power; power required to perform 550 foot-pounds of work 
per second. 
Kilogramme; French unit of mass, and also of force. (See Pound.) 
Kilogrammetre; French unit of work; work required to raise one kilogramme of mass 
through one metre in opposition to force of gravity. 
Mass, units of. See Kilogramme and Pound. 
Ohm; unit of electric resistance; io9 C. G. S. units; is the resistance offered to a current 
of electricity by a wire of pure silver or copper one millimetre in diameter and 48.61 
metres long at 65° F (18 3° C). 
Potential, unit difference of. See Volt. 
Pound; Flnglish unit of mass; regarded as a weight it is used also as the unit of force, i. e. 
the force exercised by the mass of a pound (where g 981: London). 
Power, unit of. See Force-de-cheval and Horse-power. 
Power, unit of electric. See Watt. 
Quantity, unit of electric. See Coulomb. 
Quantity, unit of magnetic. See Weber. 
Resistance, unit of electric. See Ohm. 
Volt; unit of electro-motive force; 10s C. G. S. units; equals .9268 of the force of oue 
Daniell cell. 
Watt; unit of electric power; 10' C. G. S. units; power exerted by the current of au 
ampere through the difference of potential of a volt. 
Weber; unit of magnetic quantity; 10s C. G. S. units. 
Work, units of. See Foot-pound and Kilogrammetre. 26 
APPLETON'S LABORATORY HANDBOOK. 
Nat. 
Numb. 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 ' 
7 
8 
9 
PROPORTIONAL 
1 2 3 | 4 5 6 
PARTS. 
7 8 
9 
10 
oooo 
OO43 
0086 
0128 
OI7O 
0212 
0253 
0294 
x>334 
0374 
4 
8 
12 
'7 
21 
25 
20 
33 
37 
11 
; 0414 
°453 
0492 
0531 
0569 
0607 
0645 
0682 
07x9 
°755 
4 
8 
11 
X5 
19 
23 
20 
3° 
34 
12 
. 0792 
0828 
0864 
0899 
0934 
oq6q 
IOO4 
1038 
IO72 
1106 
3 
7 
10 
14 
17 
21 
24 
28 
31 
13 
i 1139 
II73 
1206 
1239 
I27I 
1303 
1335 
1367 
’399 
143° 
3 
6 
10 
13 
16 
19 
23 
26 
29 
14 
! 1461 
1492 
i523 
1553 
1584 
1614 
1644 
1673 
1703 
1732 
3 
6 
9 
12 
15 
18 
21 
24 
27 
15 
I 1761 
1790 
1818 
1847 
1875 
i9°3 
193X 
J959 
r-^ 
00 
0 
2014 
3 
6 
8 
I I 
14 
17 
20 
22 
25 
16 
2041 
2068 
2095 
2122 
2148 
2175 
2201 
2227 
2253 
2279 
3 
5 
8 
II 
13 
l6 
18 
21 
24 
17 
| 2304 
2330 
2355 
2380 
2405 
2430 
2455 
2480 
2504 
2529 
2 
5 
7 
IO 
12 
15 
17 
20 
22 
18 
1 2553 
2577 
2601 
2625 
2648 
2672 
2695 
2718 
2742 
2763 
2 
5 
7 
9 
12 
14 
16 
19 
21 
19 
| 2788 
28lO 
2833 
2856 
' 2878 
2900 
2923 
2945 
2967 
2989 
2 
4 
7 
9 
11 
33 
16 
18 
20 
20 
1 3OI° 
3°32 
3054 
3°75 
3096 
31x8 
3x39 
3160 
3181 
3201 
2 
4 
6 
8 
31 
’3 
X5 
37 
X9 
21 
3222 
3243 
3263 
3284 
3304 
3324 
3345 
' 3365 
3385 
34°4 
2 
4 
6 
8 
10 
12 
14 
l6 
18 
22 
3424 
3444 
3464 
3483 
3502 
3522 
354X 
3560 
3579 
3598 
2 
4 
6 
8 
10 
12 
14 
X5 
’7 
23 
3617 
3636 
3655 
3674 
3692 
37*1 
3729 
3747 
3766 
3784 
2 
4 
6 
7 
9 
II 
X3 
15 
17 
24 
3802 
3820 
3838 
3859 
3874 
3892 
39°9 
3927 
3945 
3962 
2 
4 
5 
7 
9 
11 
12 
14 
l6 
25 
3979 
3997 
4014 
4°31 
4048 
4065 
4082 
4099 
4116 
4133 
2 
0 
7 
9 
IO 
12 
14 
15 
26 
4150- 
4166 
4x83 
4200 
42l6 
4232 
4249 
4265 
4281 
4298 
2 
3 
5 
7 
8 
IO 
1 I 
’3 
15 
27 
4314 
4330 
4346 
4362 
4378 
4393 
4409 
442S 
4440 
4456 
2 
3 
5 
6 
8 
9 
1 I 
X3 
14 
28 
4472 
4487 
4502 
45x8 
4533 
4548 
4564 
4579 
4594 
4609 
2 
6 
8 
9 
1 I 
12 
14 
29 
4624 
4639 
4654 
4669 
4683 
4698 
47X3 
4728 
4742 
4757 
1 
3 
4 
6 
7 
9 
IO 
12 
’3 
30 
4771 
4786 
4800 
4814 
4829 
4843 
4857 
4871 
4886 
4900 
1 
3 
4 
6 
7 
9 
IO 
I I 
’3 
31 
4914 
4928 
4942 
4955 
4969 
4983 
4997 
5011 
5024 
5038 
1 
3 
4 
6 
7 
8 
IO 
II 
12 
32 
5°Si 
5065 
5079 
5092 
5x05 
5119 
5132 
5145 
5159 
5x72 
1 
4 
5 
7 
8 
9 
I I 
12 
33 
5185 
5198 
5211 
5224 
5237 
5250 
5263 
5276 
5289 
5302 
1 
3 
4 
5 
6 
8 
9 
IO 
12 
34 
53X5 
5328 
5340 
5353 
5366 
5378 
5391 
54°3 
5416 
5428 
1 
3 
4 
5 
6 
8 
9 
IO 
11 
35 
544i 
5453 
5465 
5478 
549° 
5502 
5514 
5527 
5551 
1 
2 
4 
6 
7 
9 
IO 
II 
36 
5563 
5575 
5587 
5599 
56ll 
5623 
5635 
5647 
-6-8 
5670 
1 
2 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
IO 
I I 
37 
' 5682 
5694 
'5705 
5717 
5729 
574° 
5752 
57$3 
5775 
5786 
1 
2 
3 
6 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
38 
5798 
5809 
5821 
5832 
5843 
5855 
5866 
5877 
5888 
5899 
1 
2 
3 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
39 
59i x 
5922 
5933 
5944 
5955 
5966 
5977 
5988 
5999 
6010 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
TABLE OF LOGARITHMS. APPLE TONS LABORATORY HANDBOOK. 
Nat. 
Numb. 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
1 
2 
PROF 
3 
0RTI0NAL PARTS. 
4 5 6 | 7 8 
9 
40 
6021 
6031 
6042 
6053 
6064 
6075 
6085 
6096 
6107 
6117 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
8 
9 
10 
41 
6128 
6138 
6149 
6l6o 
6170 
6l8o 
6191 
6201 
6212 
6222 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
42 
6232 
6243 
6253 
6263 
6274 
6284 
6294 
6304 
6314 
6325 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
i 7 
8 
9 
43 
6335 
6345 
6355 
63&S 
6375 
6385 
6395 
6405 
6415 
6425 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
44 
643s 
6444 
6454 
6464 
6474 
6484 
6493 
6503 
6513 
6522 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
! 7 
8 
9 
45 
6532 
6542 
6551 
6561 
657r 
6580 
6590 
6599 
6609 
6618 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
46 
6628 
6637 
6646 
6656 
6665 
667s 
6684 
6693 
6702 
6712 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
7 
8 
47 
6721 
6730 
6739 
6749 
6758 
6767 
6776 
6785 
6794 
6803 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
5 
6 
7 
8 
48 
6812 
6821 
6830 
6839 
6848 
6857 
6866 
6875 
6884 
6893 
I 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
49 
6902 
6911 
6920 
6928 
6937 
6946 
6955 
6964 
6972 
6981 
I 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
50 
6990 
6998 
7°°7 
7016 
7024 
7°33 
7042 
7°5° 
7°59 
7067 
I 
2 
3 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
51 
7076 
7084 
7093 
7101 
7110 
7Il8 
7126 
7I35 
7143 
7152 
I 
2 
3 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
52 
7160 
7168 
7*77 
7185 
7193 
7202 
7210 
7218 
7226 
7235 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
5 
<? 
7 
7 
53 
7243 
7251 
7259 
7267 
7275 
7284 
7292 
7300 
73°8 
7316 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
6 
7 
54 
7324 
7332 
734° 
7348 
7356 
7364 
737a 
738° 
7388 
7396 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
6 
7 
55 
7404 
7412 
74*9 
7427 
7435 
7443 
7451 
7459 
7466 
7474 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
5 
5 
6 
7 
56 
7482 
7490 
7497 
75°5 
75*3 
7520 
7528 
7536 
7543 
755i 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
5 
5 
6 
7 
57 
7559 
7566 
7574 
7582 
7589 
7597 
7604 
76l2 
7619 
7627 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
5 
5 
6 
7 
58 
7634 
7642 
7649 
7657 
7664 
7672 
7679 
7686 
7694 
7701 
I 
I 
2 
3 
4 
4 
6 
7 
59 
77°9 
77l6 
7723 
7731 
7738 
7745 
7752 
7760 
7767 
7774 
I 
I 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
6 
7 
60 
7782 
7789 
7796 
78°3 
7810 
7818 
7825 
7832 
7839 
7846 
I 
X 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
6 
6 
61 
7853 
7860 
7868 
7875 
7882 
7889 
7896 
79°3 
791° 
79x7 
I 
I 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
6 
6 
62 
7924 
793i 
7938 
7945 
7952 
7959 
7966 
7973 
7980 
7987 
I 
I 
2 
3 
3 
4 
5 
6 
6 
63 
7993 
8000 
8007 
8014 
8021 
8028 
8°35 
8041 
8048 
8°55 
I 
I 
2 
3 
3 
4 
5 
5 
6 
64 
! 8062 
8069 
8°75 
8082 
8089 
8096 
8102 
8109 
8116 
8122 
I 
I 
2 
3 
3 
4 
5 
3 
6 
65 
8129 
8136 
8142 
00 
-p- 
SO 
8156 
8162 
8169 
8176 
8l82 
8r89 
I 
I 
2 
3 
3 
4 
- 
5 
6 
66 
8195 
8202 
8209 
8213 
8222 
8228 
8235 
8241 
8248 
8254 
I 
I 
2 
3 
3 
4 
5 
s 
6 
67 
8261 
8267 
8274 
8280 
8287 
8293 
8299 
8306 
8312 
8319 
I 
I 
2 
3 
3 
4 
5 
5 
6 
68 
8325 
8331 
8338 
8344 
835t 
8357 
8363 
837° 
8376 
8382 
I 
I 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
5 
6 
69 
8388 
8395 
84OI 
8407 
8414 
842O 
8426 
8432 
8439 
8445 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
6 
TABLE OF LOGARITHMS. APPLETON'S LABORATORY HANDBOOK. 
Nat. 
Numb. 
0 
1 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
PROPORTIONAL PARTS. 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
70 
8451 
8457 
8463 
8470 
8476 
8482- 
8488 
8494 
85OO 
8506 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
6 
71 
8513 
8519 
8523 
8531 
8537 
8543 
8549 
8555 
8561 
8567 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
5 
72 
8573 
8379 
8585 
8591 
8597 
8003 
8609 
8615 
8521 
8S27 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
5 
73 
8533 
8539 
8545 
865t 
8557 
8663 
8669 
8675 
8081 
8586 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
74 
8692 
8698 
8704 
87IO 
8716 
8722 
8727 
8733 
8739 
8745 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
+■ 
4 
5 
5 
75 
8751 
8756 
8762 
8768 
8774 
8779 
8785 
8791 
8797 
8802 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
5 
5 
76 
8808 
8814 
8820 
8823 
8831 
8837 
8842 
8848 
bb54 
8859 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
5 
5 
77 
8863 
8871 
18876 
8882 
8887 
8893 
88jq 
8904 
8910 
8915 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
5 
78 
8921 
8927 
8932 
8338 
8943 
8949 
8954 
8960 
8965 
8971 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3' 
4 
4 
5 
79 
8976 
8982 
8987 
8993 
8998 
9004 
9OO9 
9OI5 
9020 
9025 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
5 
80 
9°3i 
9036 
9042 
9°47 
9°53 
9058 
9063 
qo6q 
9°74 
9°79 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
5 
81 
9085 
QOQO 
qoq6 
9101 
9106 
9112 
9117 
9122 
9128 
9333 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
82 
9138 
9M3 
9149 
-9154 
9!59 
9^5 
9170 
9‘75 
9180 
9186 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
5 
83 
9191 
9196 
9201 
9206 
9212 
9217 
9222 
9227 
9232 
9238 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
84 
j 9243 
9248 
9253 
9258 
9263 
9269 
9274 
9279 
9284 
9289 
1 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
5 
85 
9294 
9299 
93°4 
93°9 
93x5 
9320 
9325 
933° 
9335 
934° 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
5 
86 
9345 
935° 
9355 
9360 
9365 
937° 
9375 
9380 
9385 
939° 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
5 
87 
9395 
9400 
94°5 
94:0 
94i5 
9420 
9425 
943° 
9435 
944° 
O 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
88 
9445 
945° 
9455 
9460 
9465 
9469 
9474 
9479 
9484 
9489 
O 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
89 
i 9494 
9499 
95°4 
95°9 
95‘3 
9518 
9523 
9528 
9533 
9538 
O 
1 
T 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
90 v 
9542 
9347 
9552 
9557 
9562 
9565 
9571 
9576 
9581 
9586 
O 
1 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
4 
91 
1 9590 
9595 
9600 
9605 
9609 
9614 
9619 
9624 
9628 
9633 
O 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
92 
! 9638 
9643 
9647 
9652 
9657 
9661 
9666 
9671 
9675 
9680 
O 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
93 
| 9585 
9689 
9694 
9699 
97°3 
9708 
9713 
9717 
9722 
9727 
O 
1 
T 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
94 
1 9731 
9736 
9741 
9745 
975° 
9754 
9759 
9763 
9768 
9773 
0 
1 
1 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
95 " 
: 9777 
9782 
9786 
9791 
9795 
9800 
9805 
9809 
9814 
9818 
0 
I 
1 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
96 
9823 
9827 
9832 
9836 
9841 
9845 
9850 
9854 
9859 
9863 
O 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
97 
9868 
9872 
9877 
9881 
9886 
9890 
9894 
9899 
99°3 
QQ08 
O 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
98 
9912 
9917 
9021 
9926 
993° 
993+ 
9939 
9943 
9948 
9952 
O 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
99 
9956 
9961 
9965 
9969 
9974 
9978 
9983 
9987 
9991 
9996 
0 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
3 
4 
TABLE OF LOGARITHMS. APPLETON'S LABORATORY HANDBOOK. 
29 
Logs. 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
1 
PROPORTIONAL PARTS 
ll~3 j 4 5 6 1 7~ 
8 
9 
10 
IOOO 
1002 
1005 
IOO7 
IOO9 
1012 
1014 
1016 
IOI9 
1021 
O 
O 
* 
* 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
01 
1023 
1026 
1028 
IO3O 
i°33 
1035 
1038 
IO4O 
IO42 
1045 
O 
O 
1 
1 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
02 
1047 
IO5O 
1052 
1054 
i°57 
1059 
1062 
I064 
1067 
1069 
O 
O 
I 
I 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
03 
1072 
1074 
1076 
1079 
1081 
1084 
1086 
1089 
IO9I 
1094 
O 
O 
I 
1 
1 
I 
2 
2 
2 
04 
1096 
x°99 
1102 
IIO4 
IIO7 
IIO9 
1112 
III4 
III7 
III9 
O 
I 
I 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
2 
•05 
1122 
1125 
II27 
II30 
1132 
1135 
1138 
I 140 
“43 
1146 
O 
I 
I 
1 
I 
2 
2 
2 
2 
• 06 
1148 
1151 
1153 
1146 
1159 
1161 
1164 
1167 
1169 
II72 
O 
I 
I 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
2 
•07 
i “75 
1178 
Il8o 
1183 
Il86 
*189 
II9I 
“94 
“97 
“99 
O 
I 
I 
1 
I 
2 
2 
2 
2 
•08 
' 1202 
1205 
1208 
1211 
1213 
I2l6 
1219 
1222 
1225 
122 7 
O 
I 
I 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
3 
•09 
1230 
1233 
1236 
1239 
1242 
1245 
1247 
1250 
1253 
1256 
O 
I 
I 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
3 
•10 
1259 
1262 
T265 
1268 
1271 
1274 
1276 
1279 
1282 
1285 
O 
I 
I 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
3 
.11 
1288 
1291 
1294 
X297 
1300 
T3°3 
1306 
1309 
1312 
1315 
O 
I 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
2 
3 
.12 
13x8 
1321 
1324 
1327 
1330 
1334 
1337 
134° 
1343 
1346 
O 
I 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
2 
3 
■13 
1349 
1352 
1355 
1358 
1361 
1365 
1368 
1371 
1374 
*377 
O 
I 
I 
1 
2 
2 
2 
3 
3 
•14 
1380 
1384 
1387 
1390 
1393 
1396 
I4OO 
1403 
1406 
1409 
O 
I 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
3 
3 
.15 
1413 
I4l6 
1419 
1422 
1426 
1429 
1433 
1435 
1439 
1442 
O 
I 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
3 
3 
16 
1445 
1449 
1452 
1455 
1459 
I462 
1466 
1469 
1472 
1476 
O 
I 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
3 
3 
.17 
1479 
*483 
i486 
1489 
1493 
1496 
1500 
1503 
1507 
1510 
O 
I 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
3 
3 
.18 
1514 
1517 
1^21 
1524 
1528 
1531 
1535 
1538 
1542 
1545 
O 
I 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
3 
3 
.19 
1549 
1552 
1556 
1560 
1563 
1567 
1570 
1574 
1578 
1581 
O 
I 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
3 
•20 
1585 
1589 
1592 
1596 
1600 
1603 
1607 
1611 
1614 
l6l8 
O 
I 
1 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
3 
• 21 
l622 
1626 
1629 
1633 
1637 
1641 f 1644 
1648 
1642 
1656 
O 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
3 
3 
3 
.22 
1660 
1663 
1667 
1671 
1675 
1679 
1683 
1687 
169O 
1694 
O 
I 
1 
2 
2 
2 
3 
3 
3 
• 23 
1698 
1702 
I706 
1710 
17x4 
1718 
1722 
1726 
173° 
1734 
O 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
•24 
1738 
1742 
1746 
1750 
1754 
1758 
1762 
1766 
1770 
1774 
O 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
• 25 
1778 
1782 
1786 
1791 
1795 
1799 
1803 
1807 
1811 
1816 
O 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
• 26 
1820 
1824 
1828 
1832 
1837 
1841 
1845 
1849 
1854 
1858 
O 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
3 
4 
• 27 
1862 
1866 
1871 
1875 
1879 
1884 
1888 
1892 
1897 
1901 
O 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
3 
4 
• / 8 
1905 
1910 
1914 
1919 
1923 
1928 
1932 
1936 
1941 
1945 
O 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
•29 
1950 
1954 
1959 
1963 
1968 
1972 
1977 
1982 
1986 
1991 
O 
1 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
TABLE OF ANTI-LOGARITHMS. APPLETON’S LABOR A TORY HANDBOOK. 
Logs 
0 
1 
2 
3' 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
H 
PROPORTIONAL P 
2 3 4 5 6 
ARTS. 
7 8 
9 
• 30 
1995 
2000 
2004 
2009 
2014 
2018 
2023 
2028 
2032 
2037 
0 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
•31 
2042 
2046 
2051 
2056 
2061 
2063 
207O 
2075 
2080 
2084 
0 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
32 
2089 
2094 
2ogq 
2104 
2109 
2113 
2Il8 
2123 
2128 
2133 
I 0 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
33 
2138 
2143 
2148 
2153 
2158 
2163 
2168 
2173 
2178 
2183 
0 
I 
1 
2 
2 
3 
34 
2188 
2x93 
2198 
2203 
2208 
2213 
2218 
2223 
2228 
2234 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
5 
35 
2239 
2244 
2249 
2254 
2259 
2265 
227O 
2273 
2280 
2286 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
5 
.36 
2291 
2296 
2301 
2307 
2312 
2317 
*323 
2328 
2333 
2339 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
■ 31 
2344 
2350 
2355 
2360 
2366 
2371 
2277 
2382 
2388 
2393 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
5 
38 
2399 
2404 
2410 
2415 
2421 
2427 
2432 
2438 
2443 
2449 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
5 
39 
2455 
2460 
2466 
2472 
2477 
2483 
2489 
2495 
25OO 
2506 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
3 
4 
5 
5 
.40 
2512 
2518 
2523 
2529 
2535 
2541 
2547 
2553 
2559 
2564 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
5 
41 
2570 
2576 
2582 
2588 
2594 
2600 
2606 
2612 
2618 
2624 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
5 
42 
263O 
2636 
2642 
2649 
2655 
2661 
2667 
2673 
267Q 
2685 
I 
I 
2 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
6 
43 
2692 
2698 
2704 
27IO 
2716 
2723 
2729 
2735 
2742 
2748 
I 
I 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
5 
6 
44 
2754 
2761 
2767 
2773 
2780 
2786 
2793 
2799 
2805 
2812 
I 
I 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 
5 
6 
■45 
2818 
2825 
2831 
2838 
2844 
2851 
285s 
2864 
2871 
2877 
I 
I 
2 
3 
3 
4 
5 
6 
■46 
2884 
2891 
2897 
2904 
29II 
2917 
2924 
2931 
2938 
2944 
I 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
5 
6 
.47 
2951 
2958 
2965 
2Q72 
2979 
-2985 
2992 
2999 
3006 
3013 
I 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
5 
6 
•48 
3020 
3027 
3°34 
3°4i 
3048 
3°55 
3062 
3069 
[3076 
3o83 
i 
I 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
6 
6 
49 
3°9° 
3°97 
3105 
' 3112 
3119 
3i26 
3133 
3M‘ 
3148 
3155 
1 
* 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
6 
6 
50 
3*62 
3170 
3177 
3184 
3192 
3199 
3206 
3214 
3221 
3228 
1 
, 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
6 
7 
•5 1 
3236 
3243 
3251 
3258 
3266 
3273 
3281 
3289 
3296 
3304 
1 
2 
2 
3 
4 
5 
5 
6 
7 
52 
3311 
33r9 
3327 
3334 
3342 
335° 
3357 
3365 
3373 
3381 
1 
2 
2 
3 
4 
5 
5 
6 
7 
• 53 
3388 
3396 
34°4 
3412 
3420 
3428 
3436 
3443 
3451 
3459 
1 
2 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
6 
7 
• 54 
3467 
3475 
3483 
3491 
3499 
35o8 
3516 
3524 
3532 
354° 
1 
2 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
6 
7 
55 
3548 
3556 
3565 
3573 
358i 
3589 
3597 
3606 
36l4 
3622 
1 
2 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
7 
• 56 
363i 
3639 
3648 
3656 
3664 
3673 
3681 
3690 
3698 
3707 
1 
2 
3 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
■ 57 
37I5 
3724 
3733 
3741 
375° 
3758 
3767 
3776 
3784 
3793 
1 
2 
3 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
•58 
3802 
3811 
3819 
3828 
3837 
3846 
3855 
3864 
3873 
3882 
1 
2 
3 
4 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
■ 59 
3890 
3899 
3908 
3917 
3296 
3936 
3945 
3954 
3963 
3972 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
5 
6 
7 
8 
TABLE OF ANTI-LOGARITHMS. APPLETON'S LABORATORY HANDBOOK. 
— r_ 
— 
- - - 
— 
— 
PROPORTIONAL PARTS, 
Logs, 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
1 
2 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
60 
3981 
399° 
3999 
4OO9 
4018 
4027 
4036 
4046 
4055 
4064 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
6 
7 
8 
61 
4°74 
4083 
4°93 
4102 
4111 
4121 
4^3° 
4140 
415° 
4159 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
.62 
4169 
4178 
4188 
4198 
4207 
4217 
4227 
4236 
4246 
4256 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
• 63 
4266 
4276 
4285 
4295 
43°5 
4315 
4325 
4335 
4345 
4355 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
64 
4365 
4375 
4385 
4395 
4406 
4416 
4426 
4436 
4446 
4457 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
• 65 
4467 
4477 
4487 
4498 
4508 
4519 
4529 
4539 
4550 
4560 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
• 66 
4571 
4581 
4592 
4603 
4613 
4624 
4634 
4645 
4656 
4667 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
9 
IO 
.67 
4677 
4688 
4699 
471° 
4721 
4732 
4742 
4753 
4764 
4775 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
68 
4786 
4797 
4808 
4819 
4831 
4842 
4853 
4864 
4875 
4887 
I 
2 
3 
4 
b 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
.69 
4898 
4909 
4920 
4932 
4943 
4955 
4966 
4977 
4989 
5000 
I 
2 
3 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
■ 70 
5012 
5023 
5035 
5047 
5058 
5070 
5082 
5093 
5105 
5U7 
1 
2 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
11 
.7 1 
5129 
5T4° 
5J52 
5^4 
5'76 
5188 
I52OO 
5212 
5224 
5236 
I 
2 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
IO 
11 
■12 
5248 
5260 
5272 
5284 
5297 
53°9 
5321 
5333 
5346 
5358 
I 
2 
4 
5 
6 
7 
9 
IO 
11 
■ 73 
537° 
5383 
5395 
5408 
5420 
5433 
5445 
5458 
547° 
5483 
I 
3 
4 
5 
6 
8 
9 
10 
11 
■ 74 
5495 
55°8 
5521 
5534 
5546 
5559 
5572 
5585 
5598 
5610 
I 
3 
4 
5 
6 
8 
9 
10 
12 
.75 
5623 
5636 
5649 
5662 
5675 
5689 
57°2 
57I5 
5728 
5741 
I 
3 
4 
5 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
12 
76 
5754 
5768 
5781 
5794 
5808 
5821 
5834 
5848 
5861 
5875 
I 
3 
4 
5 
7 
8 
9 
II 
12 
■ 77 
5888 
59°2 
59l6 
5929 
5943 
5957 
597° 
5984 
5998 
6012 
I 
3 
4 
5 
7 
8 
IO 
II 
12 
.78 
6026 
6039 
6053 
6067 
6081 
6095 
6109 
6124 
6138 
6152 
I 
3 
4 
6 
7 
8 
IO 
II 
13 
• 79 
6166 
6180 
6194 
6209 
6223 
6237 
6252 
6266 
6281 
6295 
I 
3 
4 
6 
7 
9 
IO 
11 
13 
80 
63IO 
6324 
6339 
6353 
6368 
6383 
6397 
6412 
6427 
6442 
I 
3 
4 
6 
7 
9 
IO 
12 
13 
81 
6457 
6471 
6486 
6501 
6516 
6531 
6546 
6561 
6577 
6592 
2 
3 
5 
6 
8 
9 
I I 
12 
14 
82 
6607 
6622 
6637 
6653 
6668 
6683 
66qq 
6714 
6730 
6745 
2 
3 
5 
6 
8 
9 
II 
12 
m 
• 83 
6761 
6776 
6702 
6808 
6823 
6839 
6855 
6871 
6887 
6902 
2 
3 
5 
6 
8 
9 
II 
!3 
14 
■ 84 
6918 
6934 
6950 
6966 
6982 
6998 
7OI5 
7°3r 
7°47 
7063 
2 
3 
5 
6 
8 
IO 
1 I 
13 
15 
.85 
7°79 
7O96 
7TI2 
7129 
7M5 
7161 
7178 
7194 
7211 
7228 
2 
3 
5 
7 
8 
JO 
12 
13 
15 
86 
7244 
726l 
7278 
7295 
73ii 
7328 
7345 
7362 
7.379. 
7396 
2 
3 
5 
7 
8 
IO 
12 
13 
15 
•87 
7413 
743° 
7447 
7464 
7482 
7499 
7516 
7534 
7551 
7568 
2 
3 
5 
7 
9 
IO 
12 
14 
l6 
88 
7586 
7603 
7621 
7638 
7656 
7674 
7691 
77°9 
7727 
7745 
2 
4 
5 
7 
9 
II 
12 
14 
l6 
89 
7762 
7780 
7798 
7816 
7834 
7852 
7870 
7889 
79°7 
7925 
2 
4 
5 
7 
9 
II 
*3 
l6 
TABLE OF ANTI-LOGARITHMS. 32 
APPLETON'S LABORATORY HANDBOOK. 
Leg, 
0 
ij 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
. 
8 1 9 
r 
PROPORTIONAL PARTS- 
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
9 
SO 
7943 
7962 
7980 
7998 
8017 
803s 
8054 
8072 
8091 ! 8110 
2 
4 
6 j 
7 
9 
II 
13 
15 
17 
91 
8128 
8147 
8166 
8185 
8204 
8222 
8241 
8260 
8279 8200 
2 
4 
6 ' 
8 
9 
11 
13 
15 
17 
92 
8318 
8337 
8356 
8375 
8395 
8414 
8433 
8453 
8472 ! 8492 
2 
4 
6 1 
8 
IO 
12 
14 
15 
17 
■93 
8311 
853^ 
8551 
8570 
8390 
8S10 
8030 
8650 
8670 [ 8690 
2 
4 
6 i 
8 
IO 
12 
h 
l6 
18 
•94 
8710 
8730 
8750 
8770 
| 8790 
8810 
8831 
8851 
8872 , 8892 
2 
4 
6 i 
8 
IO 
12 
14 
l6 
18 
95 
8913 
8933 
8954 
8974 
8995 
9016 
9036 
9°57 
! 
9078 ! 9099 
2 
4 
6 i 
8 
IO 
12 
15 
17 
19 
• 96 
9120 
9I4t 
9162 
9183 
92°4 
9226 
9247 
9268 
929° 9311 
2 
4 
6 i 
8 
II 
13 
15 
17 
19 
.97 
9333 
9354 
9376 
9397 
94J9 
9441 
9462 
9484 
9506 I 9528 
2 
4 
7 1 
9 
II 
13 
15 
17 
20 
98 
9350 
9j72 
9594 
9616 
963S 
9661 
9683 
9705 
9727 | 9750 
2 
4 
7 ; 
9 
IT 
13 
l6 
18 
20 
.99 
9772 
9795 
9817 
9840 
9863 
9886 
9908 
9931 
9954 * 9977 
2 
5 
7 1 
1 
9 
I I 
14 
l6 
18 
20 
Logarithm 
2080 
3-3i8i 
Logarithm 2.08 
Find Logarithm of 4026. 
Find Natural Number for Logarithm 3.2432. 
Logarithm 4020 
Number for Logarithm 3.2430 . 
6 
Logarithm required 
Natural number required, 
•• i75i- 
To Multiply by use of Logarithms: Add together the logarithms of the numbers to be multiplied; the sum is a logar- 
ithm whose natural number is the product required. 
To Divide by use of Logarithms: Subtract the logarithm of the divisor from the logarithm of dividend; the differ- 
ence is a logarithm whose natural number is the quotient required. 
To Extract a Root by use of Logarithms: Divide the logarithm of the number (whose root is to be extracted) by the 
index cf the root; the quotient is the logarithm of the required root. 
To Raise a Number to any Power: Multiply the logarithm of the number (to be raised) by the index of the power; 
the product is the logarithm of the required number. 
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TABLE OF ANTI-LOGARITHMS. APPLETON'S LABORATORY HANDBOOK. 
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