MORTALITY OF PHILADELPHIA FOR 1863.
REPORT
ON
METEOROLOGY  AND EPIDEMICS.
READ BEFORE THE
COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA,
FEBRUARY 3, 1864.
               /by

      WILSON JEWELL, M.D.,
PRESIDENT OF THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OP PENNSYLVANIA ; MEMBER OP THE
        BOARD OF HEALTH OF PHILADELPHIA, ETC.
Extracted from The American Journal of the Medical Sciences for July, 1864.
           PHILADELPHIA:
COLLINS, PRINTER, 705 JAYNE
               1864.
STREET. 
 
gUtialitg of  Stilrttlplfix  fax 1863.
                     REPORT

                              ON

METEOROLOGY  AND  EPIDEMICS.

                          READ BEFORE

      THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS  OF PHILADELPHIA.
  The following is my Annual Report on Meteorology and Epidemics for
the year 1863:—
  The meteorology of the year will be found in the table 1, politely fur-
nished by Prof. Kirkpatrick of the Philadelphia High School.  Here we
have represented the mean temperature of the year 54.13°, which is 1.55°
warmer than in 1862.   The highest point of heat attained was  95° on
August 10th, within a half degree of the highest point in 1862, on  the 7th
of July.   The mean  daily range was 5.39°.  The lowest degree was 5°,
on Feb. 5th, three degrees lower than Dec. 21, 1862.  The coldest day
was the 4th  of February.              m
  The mean daily pressure of the atm^phere was 29.864 inches of the
barometer, and the mean amount of humidity in the air was 67.2 per cent.
of saturation.
  The rain and snow-fall amounted to  49.642 inches, which exceeded the
rain for 1862 by 3.986 inches, and was  greater in amount by 4.314 inches
than the average for the last 12 years, while the number of days on which
rain fell, viz., 143, was 9 more than in '62 and  15 more than the average
for twelve years.
  The amount of  rain that fell during the spring and summer was 28.542
inches, being 8.210 more than in 1862.  While the number  of  days it
rained amounted to 82,  which exceeded the number in  1862 by 20 days.
The seasons  therefore have been uncommonly wet, and whatever influence
they may have exerted upon the character and fatality of our diseases, the
heavy rains from time to time have been useful in deluging our streets and
gutters, carrying off an immense quantity of putrid offal from our neglected
thoroughfares. 
 A General Abstract of the Meteorological Observations made at Philadelphia during the year 1863.—By Prof. James A. Kirkpatrick.
Latitude 39° 57£' N. Longitude 75° 10£' W. from Greenwich. Height of Barometer fount, 60 feet above mean tide in the Delaware River.
1863.					Thermometer,									Barometer.					Dew Point.			|
Months.		a 0 a M 31 a	a a '3 S	Ra >> 3 a o	«oe. a73	~ a v. -OS a'3 cj m o> 0 a	Means.				-a to £	eg 0 p-3	Range.			Means.			Means.			
							a <		a	5> 60 « u <s> t» <!			a 0 a	a	7 A.M.	2 P. M.	9 P.M.	? 00 a u (B >		a C4	a	t > <
		o	0	°	o	0 ; 0		0	O	0	inch.	inch.	inch.	inch.	Inch.	inch.	inch.	inch.	O	o 1		
January . . .		61	14	47	5.60	12.90 ' 33.95		40.95 i 36.64		37.18	30.571	29.127	1.444	.266	29.925	29.867	29.905	29.899	27.80	29.68 29.24		28.90
February .		54	6	49	7.54	13.57 30.46		37.70	31.04	34.07	30.671	29.345	1.326	.265	30.031	29.977	30.024	30.011	24.10	25.33 | 25.09		24 84
March . .		63	15	48	6.47	13.81 | 32.29		40.94	^62	36.35	30.3S4	29.422	.962	.214	29.882	29.829	29.880	29.864	25.38 25.54 26.83 1 25.92			
April . . .		71	30	i 41	5.41	14.00 43.95		54.35	47.40	48.57	30.185	29.260	.925	.164	29.788	29.752	29.808	29.782	33.55 33.94 36.72 | 34.74			
May . . .		90	40	60	5 43	19.15 ; 59.32		71.76	62.64	64.57	29.975	29.295	.680	.085	29.783	29.736	29.769	29.763	50.00 | 49.10		52.19 l 50.43	
June . . .		91*	52	30J	5. IS	16.02	65.78	74.75	67.90	69.48	29.994	29.321	.673	.083	29.743	29.712	29.756	29.737	54.22 53.04		65.13	54.43
July . . .		88	65	23	3.22	10.81	74.40	80.24	76.32	76.99	29.988	29.524	.464	.079	29.800	29.780	29.807	29.796	66.83 1 66.71		67.44	67.09
August . .		95	58	37	3.79	16.00	74.95	85.50	78.05	79.50	30.119	29.699	.420	.100	29.878	29.850	29.868	29.865	66.00 , 63.00		65.00	64.67
September .		S3	41	42	4.22	14.65	61.57	70.68 64.70		65.65	30.312	29.281	1.031	.116	29.940	29.896	29.939	29.926	52 51 54.32 54.47			53.77
October . ,		74	32	42	4.93	16.10	49.79	61.89	54.18	55.29	30.245	29.557	.688	.108	29.920	29.885	29.925	29.910	43.29 j 43.54		44.93	43.92
November .		69	25	44	6.35	14.37	42.45	52.63	46.12	47.07	30.249	29.434	.815	.185	29.863	29.804	29.854	29.840	34.39 j 34.16		35.00 34.52	
December .		60	15	45	6.54	13.26	30 87	39.13	34.6S	34.89	30.495	29.167	1.328	.223	29.999	29.935	20.9S1	29.972	23.59 25.74		25.10 j 24.81	
Annual means		95	5	90	5.39	14.63	49.98	5.J.21 | 53.21		54.13	30.671	29.127	1.544	.157	29.879	29.835	29.S77	29.864	41. SI 42.08		43.10 j 42.33	
Winter . . . .		64	5	69	6.53	13.07	32.22	39.47 | 35.13		35.61	30.671	29.127	1.544	.243	29.963	29.913	29.955	29.944	26.12 27.43		27.29	26.95
Spring . . . .		90	15	75	5.77	15.95	45.19	55.68 48.62		49 83	30.3S4	29.260	1.124	.154	29.818	29.772	29.819	29.803	36.31 | 36.19		38.58	37.03
Summer ....		95	52	43	1.06	14.28	71.71	80.16 | 74.09		75.32	30.119	29.321	.798	.0S7	29.807	29.781	29.810	29.799	62.35 | 61.22		62.62	62.00
Autumn ....		83	25	68	5.17	15 04	51.27	61.73 55.00		56.00	30.312	29.281	1.031	.136	29.90S	29.862	29.906	29.892	43.40 1 44.01		44.80	44.07
For eleven years		1001	-5i	106	5.55	15.14 : 49.71		59.90 53.14 :		54.25	30.704	28.&S4	1.820	.156	29.SS9	29.S49	29.875	29.871		43.40		
 
5
  Births.—During the year there were 15,293 births recorded in the regis-
tration office.  This is an increase of 552, or 3.74  percent,  above those
for  1862.   Compared with the number of deaths, it shows an increase of
the population of  ten in every hundred ;  thus, the deaths amounted to
14,220, while the births were 15,293—an increase of births over the deaths
of 1,073, equal to 7.54 per cent.
  The accompanying table  gives the total number of births during the
year, with the sexes, and shows the births credited  to the different months
with the still-born and the twins,  also the births of coloured children.
1863.					Births.		Black.		Still Born.		
Months.				Total.	Male.	Female.	Male.	Female	Male.	Female.	Twins.
January February March . April May . . June. . July. . August . September October . November December				1,363 1,296 1,405 1,244 1,139 1,105 1,189 1,306 1,323 1,259 1,324 1,340	731 691 723 651 582 577 636 647 725 683 706 690	632 605 682 593 557 528 553 659 598 576 618 650	11 14 12 15 7 17 7 8 12 20 15 13	13 7 11 8 12 8 12 21 11 16 11 11	36 31 21 55 27 31 28 30 45 37 39 52	26 19 22 26 28 29 38 14 25 3:* 23 28	10 16 18 14 9 11 12 20 8 6 14 10
Total . . .				15,293	8,042	7,251	151	141	432	311 i	148
  The month of March yielded the greatest number of births, 1,405, and
June the least, 1,105.
  The male birtjis amounted to 8,042; the female births  to  7,251.  An
excess of males of  791, or 10 per cent.
  The still  births  were 743;  of which 432 were males;  while only 311
were females,  nearly one-third less.   This disproportion of the sexes  in
still births is  not  without interest  The disproportion is 4.50 percent.
greater than in 1862.
  The monthly record  of still-born children is not in the same ratio with
the births.  It will  be observed that the  highest number of still births
was  81, in April,  which furnished only 1244 births;  while the lowest
number in any month was in  March, viz., 43, and this month gave 1405
births.
  By computing the number  of births for each  month  during the  past
three  years of the  operation of the registration law, and arranging them
as we have done on a former occasion, placing those months affording the
highest number in the scale of births in their numerical  order, and in  an
opposite  column the corresponding  months of conception, and we arrive
at precisely similar results as formerly, and as shown by Dr. Emerson and
M. Villerme of Paris, viz., that those  months furnishing the lowest number
of births correspond with the  months of conception, July,  August, and
September, during  the extreme heat of summer, as the following table will
show:—
       2 
6
Months.	Whole Number Corresponding Months	
	of Births.	of Conception.
1. March	. 4'J!»S .	June
2. January	. 41261 .	April
3. December	. 4046 .	March
4. November	. 4008 .	February
5. August	. 4001 .	November
6. February .	. 3998 .	May
7. September	. 3990 .	December
8. October	. 3943 .	January
9. July .	. 3865 .	October
10. April	. 3695 .	July
11. June .	. 3H02 .	September
12. May .	. 3598 .	. August
  According to these results fecundity is not only affected by the order of
the seasons, as the extreme heat of the summer solstice, but also by endemic
influences.   It is well understood  that  during the three months,  July,
August, and September, our population is diminished directly by an increase
of deaths, and as shown above, it  may likewise be lessened through the
same influence by diminishing fecundity.
  This is a  subject worthy of more enlarged investigation than could  be
offered in this report.
  The births returned of coloured children amounted to 292.   This is an
increase of 16.33 per cent,  over those  registered for 1862, but a decrease
below those  for 1861 of 5.50 per cent.
  The deaths of the coloured population were  767, showing a heavy per-
centage over the births, equal  to  162  per cent.   This result indicates a
rapid  decline, provided the returns of births are made with any degree of
accuracy.
  Twin births registered, amounted to 148.   The highest number  born in
any one month was  20, in August; the  lowest, in October, six.  No triplets
were registered during the year.
  The first ward with a population of 30,886 furnishes the greatest number
of births, viz.,  1,146—equal to  1  in  every 27 of the  population.   The
lowest number of births are set down to the fifth ward, viz.,  371.  This
ward has a population of 24,792, and gives only 1 birth in every 67.
  The 19th  ward has a population  of 38,828 souls;  it is not, however, as
productive as some other wards, producing only 1,122  births, or  1  in 35
of its population.
  It will be  observed that in all the wards except the second, third, fourth,
fifth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and twenty-first, the births exceeded the deaths;
even in the seventeenth and nineteenth  wards, swarming with populations,
not the most favourable for health, owing to crowded and ill-ventilated dwell-
ings, imperfect drainage, unpaved  streets,  and  numerous sources  of foul
and unhealthy emanations—the births exceeded the deaths.
  The 20th, 16th,  12th, 22d, and 24th wards presented  the greatest con-
trast between the births and deaths in favour of the forces of  organic life
and reproduction, when compared  with their mortality.  These statistics
are an index of  the prosperity or numerical growth of these several dis-
tricts.
  The daily average of births was 42.  The 1st and  4th quarter of the
year contributed  the highest number of births, and the largest percentage;
the 2d quarter the lowest, as follows :— 
7
First Quarter, ending March 31  .
Second Quarter, ending June 30
Third Quarter, ending September 30
Fourth Quarter, ending December 31

            Total   .
4,064 =  26.57 per cent.
3,488 =  22.81
3,818 ==  24.96    "
3,923 =  25.66    "
15,293 = 100.00
  Marriages.—The accompanying table gives the number of marriages
recorded during  the year, with the ages  of the parties married, and the
percentage of men  and women married, according to the different periods
of life.
		AGES OF THE WOMEN.										CD «a o Eh	o wig
1863.		■a a	© o	o CO o	o ©	o o o o	© CO o o •n	d o o CO	© o o	© OS o © 00	M <0 CO >		to <o (2
I W a w H Eh f» O en W O	Under 20.	18	8									26	.51 ! I
	20 to 25.	654	1031	128	26						8	1847	36.50
	25 to 30.	244	925	388	87	6					5	1655	30.71 j 20.86
	30 to 40.	79	311	377	256	2.5	2		—		6	1056	
	40 to 50.	9	39	85	140	68	6				3	350	6.91
	50 to 60.	2	4	7	29	38	10	2				92 25	1.81 .49
	60 to 70.		1	1	6	5	11	1	..				
	70 to 80.			1		1	3	1				6	.11
	80 to 90.						1	1				2	.39
	Age not given.	4	6					5		L—,	1105 427	415	
Tot V	al of the fomea.	1010	2325	987	544	143	33					4547	
Percentage of the Women.		20.01	46.06	19.55	10.77	2.83	.65	.09					
  There were 5474 marriages  recorded during  the  year; an increase  of
812  equal to  17.41 per cent, over those returned for 1862.   This increase
is an evidence of a far more strict compliance with the law of registration
on the part of clergymen, rather than from an actual increase of the num-
ber of marriages solemnized.   There is, however, a considerable defect in
the returns made as to the relative ages of the parties wedded.  The table
shows that the  ages of 415  of  the men and 427 of the women married,
equal to  9  per cent., have been  omitted.   This imperfection  owing  m
some instances to the carelessness  of the officiating clergyman and m others
to a peculiar hesitancy of the persons about to bs united, should not prevail
in a document fraught with so  great importance to the  parties themselves
and their heirs, in a legal point of view. 
8
  Of the  parties  married 1010, or 20 per cent, of the brides were under
twenty years of age, while only 26, or 0.51 per cent, of the grooms were
in their minority.
  The  popular age for marriage appears to have been between twenty and
twenty-five.  Within these ages, there were 2325, or  46 per cent, of all the
women, and 1847, or 36.50 per cent, of all  the men  married during the
year.   Within the period of twenty-five years of age  the brides are  more
numerous  than the grooms.  Beyond this age the brides decline, while the
grooms increase in numbers.
  Between the ages of twenty-five and thirty, there were 1655, or 31 per
cent, of men, and 987, or 19.55 per cent, of  women  married.
  There are only twenty-five marriages recorded between sixty and seventy,
six between  seventy and eighty, and two between  eighty and ninety  yeara
of age.
  The  annexed table gives the nativity of the parties married :—
		birth-place of brides.			Total of Grooms.	Percentage of Grooms. 67.73 42.27
NA.ll V1T1HS.		United States. 2753	Foreign. 261 1721	Not given.		
U K ■< s n m	United States. Foreign.			25	3039 2226	
		495		10		
	Not given.	22	12	175	209 |	
Total of Brides.		3270 62.12	1994	210	5447	100.00
Perc<	ntage of Brides.		37.88			
  Of the number of men  married, 3039, or 58 per cent, were  natives of
the United  States; of this number, 2753 married American women ;  261
married foreigners, and 25 married those whose birth-places are not desig-
nated.
  The  number of  men of foreign birth amounted to 2226, or 42 per cent.,
of whom 495 married  American women, and  1721 married  women of
foreign birth.  There were only ten  instances of  this class in which the
nativity of  the women was omitted.
  Of the women  married, 3270, or  62 per cent, were born in the United
States.  Of these, 2753 married American born men, 495  foreigners, and
22 were not designated.
  There were 1194 women of foreign birth, equal  to 38 per cent,  married.
261 married men American bom, and  1721 married  men of foreign birth.
Twelve were not designated.
  In 2753  instances, equivalent to 50 per cent., both parties were Ameri-
can born, and 1721, equal to 31 per cent., they were of foreign  birth.

  Deaths.—The following table furnishes a summary of the interments in
our city for the year  1863, as registered at the health office :— 
9
       White.........      15,021
       Coloured........        7(37

             Total........             15,788
       Males.........       8636
       Females........       7152

             Total........             15,788
       Male adults........       4143
       Female adults.......       3195

             Total adults......              7,338
       Male children     .......       4494
       Female children   .     .    .         .    .    .       3956

             Total children.......         8,450
             Total.........        15,788
       From registered diseases in city  ....      12,944
         "   Stillborn........743
         "   Old age........234
         "   Unknown causes  .    .    .     .    .    .    .   112
         "   External and accidental causes   ....   619
         "   Country........825
         "   Gunshot wounds.......3l0

              Total from all causes.......15,788

  By reference to the  above summary, and to the tables which  have been
prepared to illustrate  the prominent points of interest  in our city morta-
lity, in their  several aspects, it will be seen  that 15,788 deaths from  all
causes have been  registered during the year 1863.
  This is the highest  death rate ever returned for a single year in our city,
and presents  an increase over those returned for 1862 of six hundred and
ninety-one, equal to 4.57 per cent.
  The whole number of deaths recorded include stillborn, old age,  un-
known, external and  accidental causes, gunshot wounds, and deaths from
the country.   To arrive, however, at a more correct  estimate of the true
health of our city, it  is proper to exclude the deaths recorded from  still-
born, and those from  the country, amounting to 1568, and confine the cal-
culation to those from registered  deaths  in the city alone.  These amount
to 14,220.
  If we  estimate the increase of our population at three  per cent, per
annum, since the census of  1860, which  gave us at that time 565,529,  we
have now a resident population, in round numbers, of 618,000 souls; this
is by no means an exaggerated calculation, and is perhaps below the num-
ber for which we ought to receive credit.
  From this standpoint, we have  23  deaths in every thousand of the living,
which is equal to one in every 43.45 of the population.
  As in 1862, so in '63, there has been an unusual excess of deaths in the
male  sex, amounting  to  20 per  cent.  The deaths  of males were 8636;
females, 7152; excess, 1484.  This  inequality will be found  in the nume-
rous deaths among returned soldiers from the armies of the Union, amount-
ing to 893.
  The mortality among  children was 8450, or only  1112 above those of
adults, equal  to 15 per cent.   This inequality, like that of last year, is  far
below the ordinary standard, and is owing  to the increased proportion of
deaths of adults, occasioned by the  influx of sick soldiers into  our  city. 
10
The highest mortality in any one epoch of life was .'109"), those under one
year.  This includes the stillborn, and is equal to 25 per cent, of the re-
gistered deaths.
   The most fatal period of childhood in cities is between birth  and the fifth
year.  Beyond this age, there is a rapid falling off in deaths until the fif-
teenth year, when  the mortality begins  to increase again, as the children
approach manhood.
   Out of 7981  deaths  of children during the year under fifteen years of
age, 3995 were in  the first year; 1483 between one  and two years ;  1480
between two and five years ;  719 between five and ten years,  and 304 be-
tween ten and fifteen years.   The next five years the death rate rose to 469,
while in the following quinquennial period, from twenty to thirty, embrac-
ing early manhood, the  deaths were nearly quadrupled, amounting to 1743.
   According to  these figures, it will be seen that.  39 per  cent, of our an-
nual  mortality was in children  under five years (exclusive of stillborn).
This  death  rate corresponds with that  of the city of London (proper),
according to  Dr. Letheby's last report for 1802 and '63.   In this report he
remarks, "the proportion in  the rest of London is about 44 per cent., and
in England it is nearly  40."   Compared with all  England, therefore, and
with other large cities in this country, this mortality is not excessive.
   But when compared with the number of births during the year, the  mor-
tality is frightful, equal to about one death for every two children born 1
   This enormous excess of infant mortality should excite far greater atten-
tion from the philanthropist than is now given it.  We offer no apology for
the sanitary defects of our city, they are numerous, and add their full share
as one of the causes for this unnecessary sacrifice of infant life ; but there
is another—and it is humiliating as well  as discreditable to the mothers of
our city to admit the fact—that the want of proper care, either through
pride, ignorance, or neglect in the management of infants, is the principal
agent of our infant mortality.
   The several government  hospitals located in our city, together with the
exposures attendant on  camp life and the chances  of the  battle-field, have
contributed to swell our mortality, and have added to the list 893 deaths.
Of these, 308 were from gunshot wounds ; 123 from  typhoid fever; 100
from diarrhoea; 57 from consumption of the lungs;  27 from smallpox;
29 from pyemia  ; and the remainder from  chronic, scrofulous, and incidental
diseases.   At this point, we may, in passing, add our testimony to the great
value of military hygiene.  Though the statistics of the U. S army hospitals
in this city are  on a  limited scale, still  they confirm the views  of  expe-
rienced military  surgeons abroad, and the results of investigations founded
upon recent events in  our own military history, that a greater number of
soldiers fall victims to disease and death in consequence  of unfavourable
hygienic circumstances  surrounding  them, than  from wounds inflicted in
battle.
   The principal  number of deaths in these U. S.  hospitals located in Phil-
adelphia were among men  brought from the battle-field, or from diseases
contracted in camp and in barracks, and should not be charged to our city
mortality.  Again, it will l)e  seen  that 489, or 53 per  cent, of the deaths
were from preventable causes, while only 33 per cent, were from gunshot
wounds ; 97 were the result of accidents and constitutional causes not pecu-
liar to a soldier's life.
   The mortality from zymotic or epidemic and endemic  or contagions dis-
eases registers 3392.   Of this number,  189 were  brought  from beyond the 
11
limits for interment, and  do not belong to our city mortality;  hence, the
deaths in the city from preventable diseases have been only 3203.
  Notwithstanding the general increase of deaths for the year, it will be
gratifying to allude to the  decline of those from zymotics,  which may be
held up as the index to the good or bad sanitary condition of a  neighbour-
hood.   As will be seen, they have fallen below those for 1862' to the num-
ber of  148, equal to 4| per cent.
  With every allowance for this decline, the death rate of preventable dis-
eases continues far beyond the standard that might.be attained, if a proper
attention was given by the municipal  authorities to sanitary improvements.
While we are unwilling  to hold  out the idea that our city  mortality will
ever compare with that which exists in rural districts, because, as  has been
wisely said, "a penalty must always be paid for the privilege of civilization,
and for the right of partaking of the greater luxuries of the metropolis ;"
still, there are sanitary reforms both necessary and desirable, apart  from the
unwholesome influences  connected with  trade  and  manufactures,  which
effected, would contribute  materially to lessen the waste of human life, and
to improve the public health.
  The  condition of the streets and  sewers of our city under  the  imme-
diate control of the authorities,  constitute the most prevalent  sanitary
evils, while the dwellings  of those who are compelled by poverty to  live in
crowded, ill-ventilated and badly lighted apartments, in the purlieus of the
city and in narrow confined and filthy streets and courts, are  subject to un-
healthy  influences that invite disease, and when attacked,  their already
enfeebled vital powers are incapable of resisting its rapid progress, and thus
our mortality is augmented to a fearful extent.
   It is in the power of the corporate  authorities to correct the former evils,
by  the direct and frequent application of the broom and water, aided by the
exercise of sanitary science.   The latter, the homes of the poor, over which
they have not the like power, will, when the example is offered their inmates,
through clean streets  and unobstructed sewers, be  encouraged to  improve
and keep clean  their miserable places of abode,  and  thereby check the ac-
cumulation of causes that have a  depressing influence, and  foster and de-
velop endemic diseases of a  low or malignant type.
   The following table will furnish the diseases considered preventable, from
which deaths have occurred during the year.   It also presents the number
and character of the deaths  which have been charged to the different wards.
These are the diseases supposed to have their  origin in  specific and local
causes.
1 3351, deducting those from the country. 
Zymotic, Epidemic, and Contagious Diseases for 1863.—Division 1. Showing Sex and Age.
			SEX.				AGES.																	
DISEASES.																				s	©	§		
		-3	.	2						d	*5	o CI	o CO	d d		3	©	8	d		n		E	s
			«	a	CD	£	5«				O	o	o	o o		o	o	o	e	o	o	3	D	o
		O Eh	S		CO	5	D *	^- C-l		o	©	«5	8	o	©	8	© CO	o	s	3	£	-	O -1	£
		8	5	3	2			1		1			1		o	2	1						6	2
		930	456	474	456	474	615	284	29	2														930
		28	18	10	7	3	5	1	1	1	2		2	4	2	3	4	2	1				18	10
		315	207-	108	63	65	65	35	11	3	2	12	54	40	34	17	21	10	11				187	128
			21S	216	208	210	38	78	191	86	19	6	6	2	3	3	1	1					16	418
		176	92	84	51	42	30	26 23		11	1	2	10	11	12	13	17	12	8				83	93
		74	39	35	17	22	28	1 1 4		1	4	1	4	7	10	3	4	4	3				35	39
		17	6	9	7	5	1		2	6	3	1	4	1									5	12
4		43	20	23	12	13	1	3	6	7	1	7	7	2	2	2	2	S					18	25
*		7	0	2																				
'		1	1		1		1																	1
'		7	3	4	1	2	1	•• 1 *				1	2	1		..			1				4	3
*		12	5	7	5	6	1	4		1	3	?,		1									1	11
'		4	1	3		3		1		2					1								1	3
*	remittent, bilious ....	28	14	14	6	4		5		2	1	2	3	4	3	2	5	1					18	10
'			142	133	141	130	21	39 129		72	9	1	1	2	1								4	271
'		49	33	16	30	14	4	2 10		12	10	6	1	1	1	2							5	41
'		487	341	146	8-->	60	1	7 1 27		33	27	50	147	87	45	30	19	11	3				342	1 15
'		131	69	62	43	33	4	4 , 18		21	13	16	19	6	16	10	4						55	"i;
		1	1					....					1										1	
		78	24	54	21	54	32	20 22		3	1													78
		82	40	42	38	41	13	30 32		4			2			1							3	79 |
		171	95	76	56	65	33	24 28		25	6	5	29	13	7	1							50	121
Svpliilis.......		28	15	13	12	9	15	4 1				1	4	2	1								7	21
		6	4	2	3	2	4							1						.. ' 'i			1	5 2526
	Total	3392	1856	1536	1269	1257	913	560 545 1		293	102	113	298	186	141	88	80	45	27	••	i		866	
		Death.	> fror	i Zymotic		Diseases in each Quarter						of the Fear 1863.												
1st quarter, January, February, March		566	349	.217	166	169	61	51 120		58	20	25	91	56 32		22	10	11	9!..!..				231	S35
2d quarter, April, May, June		596	318	280	221	233	95	88 141		71	30	29	-55	28 ' 21		12	13	9	si..; i				142	4". t
3d quarter, July, August, September .		1618	834	784	666	686	69S	367 166		76	24	21	85	49 40		22	4.1	19	n 1 .. ' ..				266	13.V2
4th quarter, October, Xovember, December		613	357	255	216	169	59	54 118		88	28	38	67	53 ! 48		32	17	6	4 .. ' ..				227	3S5
	Total	3392	1856	1536	1269	1257	913	560 545		293	102	113	298	186 141		SS	80	45	27 .. 1				866	2526
 
	Zymotic Epidemic, and Contagious Diseases for 1863.-							-Continued.				Division 2. Showing								Location			Colour,			Nativity			, and Wards.				
	DISEASES.	H D O a s		*	Nativity.			WARDS.																									|
					J , I						I			t																			
	-		i ° So	a	nited State oreigi		o a a	1	2	3	4	5 6 !		7 8		9	10 11		12	13	1415		16	17 18 19			20	21	22 23		24	25	
		«<!	X	O	& fa S>												1											1			1		
		1			5 2 1				......: ..! i					..| ..		i I					1		l		]l 2								
		7	44	29	924	4	9.	73	46: 47 48! 34				27	72! 25		23, 29 2S			24	30	24	49	38	40	21* 54		44	23	23	19	40	19	1
	" morbus......			2	16	12			3	li .. 1				3 3		.J 4, 1 ..					1	1		1	••! «		1		1	3			
	Diarrhoea.......	29	9	18	190	66	59	19	30	6' 12 4 5				14	6	10, 16 5j 3				3	7 16		3	u	Si 20		15	9	16	11	46	1	I
	Diphtheria.......	1	10	18	417	9 i 8		30	21	15, 8 14l 8				27	21	8	14 9		11	9	16, 42		10	12	111 15		35	17	16	17	31	2	1
	Dysentery.......	7	ft	9	122	42 12		24	11	2, 9; 8, ..				7	5	9	5 3		2	4	8	10	6	..	6, 5		9	2	2	6	20	3	1
		3	2	4	54	15 i 5		4	1	1	2' 4, 4			3	3	4	2	1	1	1	I	3	4	3	1	4	5	2	1	V	b	2	
	Fever ........			1	12	5			1																1	i		13		..			
" congestive . ...			3	4	34	8	1	4		l; l				1			i	1	lj 1			2		2	3	4	3	4	2		2	6	
																																	
	" eruptive......				1																			1									
	" intermittent.....			1	a	2		1	2	• 1		2																				1	
	" malignant . . .				12								2	2,					1 ..			1		1	1			4					
	" petechial ......				4			1	1															2									
	" remittent, bilious ....		1	3	18	7	3	5			2		1		2	2	2		2 1		1	2			1	2			1	1			
		1	3	11	9,68	2	5	24	8	10	15	6	6	16	6	3	13	4	5 6		7	85	71 9		3	27	21	8	6	3	11	6	
	" spotted......			1	47	1	1	1				1	1		1							1	8' 6		5	4	1	15	*		3		
		7	21	74	346 103		38	25	22	14	16	8	10	20	10	7	16	8	11 15		17	22	10 19		18	40	17	12	16	8	3o	i;>	2
		2		6	98; 30		3	4		1	3		1	4	3	4	2	2	1, 2		2	»	2 2		8	8	3	49	4	a	5	2	
	" yellow......																										1						
	Hooping cough......		4	2	76j 1		1	6	2	2	2	3 :		3	1	2	2! 3		. J		51 4		3 6		5	5	1	1	4	3	10	1	
		1	2	3	78 3		1	2	4	2	7	2	1	4 4			1 3		2 1		4 13		2 5		2	13	1		3		2	J	
			2	1	131	14 , 26		6	11	3	2			41 1		4	7	3	6 1		li 24		7| 8		3	24	12	26	1	i	1	12	2
		15	6	1	22	6		1		1	1	i	2! 1; ..					1	.J ..		1		.. ..			1		1			15		1
	Thrush or aphthae.....			1	6	.. 1 ..		1		1											1	1											
	Total	84	112	189	289l'329 ,172			231	164	107!130 1		ss	71 181 90 1 i			76J110		72	70 76 !		97 235 102 127 1 1				99j232		169	1S7	98	831228		71	9
	|- — "■ ■ Deaths from Zymotic Diseases in each Quarter of the Year 1863.																																
	1st quarter, January, February, March	13	11	48	! 438, 74		54	19 29i 11			15	9	12' 331 13 17 201 9						1 1 1 13 16 141 30				12 18		18	47	38	271 17		| 1 16 42 15			3
	2d quarter, April, May, June 3d quarter, July, August, September	15	14	30	513 61		22	37 22		20	28	11	14 2Sj 14			8 16| 20			13 5 171 62				23 21		15	31	28	39j 13		13 40 20			2
		29	m	67	1472! 90		56	139 93		59	69	52	35 99; 44			37 63i 36			29 44 47,104				54 59		39	104	81	44 49		40 100 2)			3
	4th quarter, October, November, December	27	18	44	468,104		40	36 20		17	18	16	10 21. 19			14 11 7			10 11 19j 39				13 26		27	47	19	77' 19		14 46 11			1
																																	
	Total	84	112	189	2891'329 1172			231,164		107	130	88	71 181 1		90	76ill0| 72			70 76, 97 235 102,127 1 1 1 1 1						99	232	169il87| 98			83 228 71			9
 
14
  The figures in this table show that the deaths from zymotic diseases are
to the total of deaths for the year as '20 per ct., or one in every five.
  A marked disproportion will be noticed in the deaths of the sexes.   The
males are 1856, while the females are only 1536; a difference of 3'2(),
or an increase of '20 per ct. in  favour of males.  This may lie accounted for
by the large number of deaths among soldiers who have been brought home
sick, or for interment.
  The deaths in the four quarters are presented in the annexed table with
the  above.
  The third quarter of the year, July, August, and September, embraces 1618
deaths, while the three remaining quarters amount only to 1774. This differ-
ence is owing to the mortality from certain diseases peculiar to the summer
months, as cholera infantum, dysentery and diarrhoea.
  The mortality among children under five  years of age, from  the diseases
in the class zymotic, has  been  almost incredible, amounting to 63  per ct.,
and if we include those between five and ten years, it will swell the number
to 70 per ct.
  The highest  number of deaths from  any one disease in  this catalogue,
was 930, cholera  infantum.   This destructive disease of infants shows an
increase of 301 deaths over those of 1862,  or 48  per ct, and  was confined
principally to the three summer months, July, August, and September.
  This infantile disease is peculiar to large cities, and is  most  prevalent
and  fatal  in  those  localities  where  exists  the greatest amount of  filth,
squalor, over-crowding, defective ventilation, with other unwholesome in-
fluences.
  A glance at the figures on the line opposite cholera infantum, under the
different wards, will strikingly  exemplify this remark.
  The first seven wards contributed 343 deaths,  and those included from
the  15th to the 20th wards gave 246, in all, 589, or 65 per ct., while the
remainder 341 were scattered through the remaining twelve wards, includ-
ing  those from the Almshouse.
  These thirteen wards are, with  scarcely an exception, the most unsani-
tary of all others.    They contain  a larger and  more  densely  crowded
population.  They have a greater number of small streets,  and abound in
courts and alleys.   A stroll for an hour  on  a warm summer afternoon
through several of these neighbourhoods, reeking  with filth  and mud, send-
ing  forth an indescribable odour, and then following up the visit by enter-
ing  a few of the cellars and yards of the pent up  hovels, where there exist
a systematic neglect of  cleanliness, and an  atmosphere of  decomposition,
and we are persuaded the visitor will  return home fully convinced that we
have  "neither  extenuated or set down  aught in malice," concerning these
districts of our city.

  Diphtheria.—The deaths from this disease amounted to 434 against 325,
during the previous  year, an increase of  33 per ct.  This disease appears to
have been steadily on the increase, while its prevalence has not been confined
to any special locality.  In point of fact, those wards called  rural and those
classed as healthy, and enjoying the advantages of house accommodation, free
circulation of air, and their residents accustomed to the comforts of an im-
proved social condition, all of which are essential to  health,  have suffered
in some instances beyond those where the standard of social  refinement is
very limited, where  there  is over-crowding,  neglect of cleanliness, squalid
wretchedness, ill-ventilated dwellings, and an atmosphere at all times loaded 
15
with unwholesome and deadly gases. For instance, the 4th ward gave only
8 deaths, while the  8th ward furnished 21 deaths.  The 14th ward  gave
16, while the 17th gave only 12.  The 21st and 22d wards contributed 33
deaths,  while the 2d and 3d gave 36, only a fraction  more.  These statis-
tics conform to the opinion elsewhere expressed and cited in a former report,
that diphtheria obeys uo climatic laws, and is independent of all atmospheric
conditions.  We are quite certain that neither the heat of summer nor the
cold of  winter has exerted any influence in abating its destructive attacks.

   Typhoid fever caused 487  deaths.  Of this number  74  were brought
from beyond the city for  interment, and if we deduct the 123  deaths that
are  charged  to the  U. S.  soldiers, it will  then give us only  364 deaths as
properly belonging to  our city mortality.   These figures,  therefore, mark a
Blight decline from those of 1862, making a similar deduction of the deaths
of soldiers for that year.

   Diarrhoea —Three hundred and fifteen deaths were caused by diarrhoea.
 Of  this number,  100  are charged to the  soldiers.  By deducting these as
 many of them died  abroad and were brought here for interment, while others
 contracted their disease in camps,  and were ordered to the U.  S. hosPltal*
 located here, they do not properly  belong to our city mortality  and should
 be deducted.  By this arrangement, we reduce the deaths from diarrhoea to
 215, a  fraction less than those for the previous year.

   Hooping-cough fell off 62 per ct., that is, from 208 in 1862, to 78 in  '63.

    Measles 24 per ct.

    Smallpox 35 per  ct.,  or  from  264 to 171.   Here again we desire to
  direct  attention  to the great number of deaths among children from  small-
  pox compared with those in adults, as a proof of the defective character of
  the existing ordinance for public vaccination, and the necessity for a com-
  pulsory law in order to secure our city and even our State from the frequeut
  ravages of this loathsome disease.                                     „
    The month of February in this year was ushered in by the appearance of
  an unusual disease, of an eruptive form ;  its  type asthenic ; in many cases
  defying all treatment; running  its course rapidly to a fatal termination
  within from a few hours to two and five days, and if we can form any cor-
  rect idea from the deaths reported, confining itself to certain localities in a
  densely populated  district of the city, and to several  built  up portions of

  th InTe atoce of  all correct diagnosis and the want of a FoP^omen-
  clature,itis somewhat  difficult to secure the true number  of dahs from
  this strange disease.   We are very sure  that the generic term   spotted,
  as given in the record, does not designate all of them.   A variety of terms
  havge  been assumed, in the certificates of death, according to  the views enter-
   ained of its  diagnostic  relations, and the  observations and experience of
   those several  practitioners who have been somewhat familiar with its ad-

   V%altlthmas0bgeenScalled spotted, and by ^.£ft«jtf£*
   congestive /and typhus fevers.  One P^one'f^
   death, under the very general term fever for the w an to  a mored.stmct
   muue  Nor is it less certain that many of  the fatal  cases weie treated as 
16
congestion, as well as inflammation of the meninges of the brain, and re-
corded cerebrospinal meningitis.
  Of the correctness of a single observation, however, as already intimated,
and drawn from a careful  analysis of the death  register, and from reliable
information  otherwise secured, we are certain, viz., that this unusual visi-
tor, whatever be its etiology, pathology, or distinguishing title, has confined
its ravages  chiefly to the  northeastern section  of the city, embracing the
16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th wards, having a front  either directly or indirectly
through the Cohocksink Creek, on the Delaware River.  The built up por-
tion  of the 23d ward, bounded on the south, east, and west, by the Frank-
ford  Creek ; together with that densely inhabited section of the 21st ward,
on its  western slope, lying along the margin of the Schuylkill River.
  Out of the  256 deaths recorded from those fevers  above named, 155, or
61 perct, are credited to the localities we have designated as having suffered
peculiarly from this uncommon and alarming disease.  We think, therefore,
there is legitimate ground for venturing the opinion that not less than  150
deaths have occurred during the year from "spotted fever," or cerebro-
spinal meningitis.
  Almost simultaneous with the advent  of spotted fever  in our city, an
epidemic catarrh or influenza made its appearance and spread  itself very
generally throughout the community.  This disease was not confined to
any particular period of life, nor to any special locality.   In its duration in
those cases  that were uncomplicated and  occurring in healthy subjects, it
seldom was  prolonged over a week, was far  more severe  on the nervous
system than the ordinary catarrhal affections, but by no  means fatal in
character.
  In children  especially, this disease was accompanied with an eruption in
many cases  that  resembled measles, and in those instances  in  which  the
catarrhal fever was predominant, this eruption was not readily distinguished
from that exanthem.  This  efflorescence would  last for a day or two,  and
gradually fade.  In several families attended by the writer,  no other symp-
tom  invited  attention either from the  parent or physician.   Urticaria also,
or at least an eruption perfect in its resemblance,  was occasionally witnessed
as a concomitant of this epidemic.
  For a very  full and interesting account of this disease, we would refer
the College  to a paper by Dr. Levick, one of its  fellows, in  the Jan. No. of
the Am.  Journ. of Med Sciences.
  How far there is a parallelism between this epidemic and the malignant
form of fevers which  has  prevailed, further investigations  may determine.
Surely, the testimony brought forward by  Dr. Levick, describing the com-
plications of former epidemic influenzas as  they have occurred at  home and
abroad, goes far towards establishing a close  analogy between the two dis-
eases which  have been prominently associated, and travelling side by  side
in our city during the year.
  In the reports for 1861 and '62 to  the College, there are tables in which
are recorded the deaths in the  different wards of the city from zymotic or
epidemic diseases.   Below, will be found  a continuation of these tables, in
which  will be seen  the wards where the  deaths  have been most prevalent
for three consecutive years. 
It
			Deaths from Zymotic Diseases.			
WARDS.		Population last census.				Total for three years.
					------	
			1861.	1862.	1863.	
First ....		30,886	247	238	231	716
Second		29,123	237	216	164	617 ,
Third . .		19,929	99	112	107	218
Fourth		23,461	171	125	130	426
Fifth . .		24,792	120	92	88	300
Sixth . .		14,882	58	68	71	197
Seventh .		31,267	184	219	181	584
Eighth .		27,770	71	93	90	254
Ninth . .		17,196	66	61	76	203
Tenth . .		21,849	101	132	110	243
Eleventh .		16,681	151	86	72	309
Twelfth .		16,681	125	107	70	302
Thirteenth		20,045	109	81	76	266
Fourteenth		24,258	110	100	97	307
Fifteenth .		32,091	203	181	235	619 j
Sixteenth.		20,067	183	122	102	407 |
Seventeenth		23,264	337	141	127	605
Eighteenth		20,441	233	125	99	457
Nineteenth		38,828	347	271	232	850
Twentieth		29,963	270	192	169	631
Twenty-first		17,159	108	72	187	367
Twenty-second .		17,173	58	71	98	227
Twenty-third		23,985	114	85	83	282
Twenty-fourth .		23,738	114	40	228	382
Twenty-fifth . .				221	71	292
Unknown. . .				25	9	34
Almshouse . .						
From the country						
Total population		565,529				
Total deaths in each year			4,064	4,506		3,392
Total for three years' epidemics					10,960	
  According to the above  figures, there has been an  annual decline of
deaths from those diseases  usually called preventable.  For instance, the
deaths in 1863 were  16.50 per ct. less than in 1861.   This gives a favour-
able indication as to  the sanitary condition of the city.
  The 1st, 2d, 4th, 7th,  15th, 17th,  19th and 20th  wards, show a very
heavy mortality from epidemic diseases.   During the three years they have
each been  charged with over five hundred deaths, and the  19th, which has
a population of about 38,828, contributed  850 deaths, or 1 in every 45.
The 17th,'with a population of 23,264, gave 1 death in  every 38.  The
1st, with a population of 30,886, gave 1 in 43.
  These  eight  wards seem to  maintain  their reputation as the most un-
healthy in the city.
  Mortality in Wards.—The wards that have furnished the  greatest
number of deaths according to their  population  are the following in the
numerical order which we have placed them, viz., the 1st, 24th, 15th, 4th,
2d,  7th, 3d,  20th, 19th, 21st, and 17th.
  The 23d, 8th, 12th, and 13th wards gave the smallest number of deaths
according to their population.
  In all the wards of the city the populations have increased.   Some allow-
ance therefore must be made for the above calculations. 
18
  Deatiis from Sporadic Causks.—In the general  table of interments
in this city for the year 1863, accompanying this  report,  it will  be seen
that the deaths from all causes, except those from zymotic diseases which
we have already enumerated, numbering 3,392, have amounted  to  10,828.
Of these deaths,
  Consumption of the Lungs contributed the largest number, amounting
to 1,955, nearly 14 percent, of the total of deaths, and the highest mortality
from this disease ever recorded  for Philadelphia, being an  increase of six
over those for 18(>2.
  The number of deaths in each month were as follows :—
    January  .   .    .    .164       July    ....   171
    February ....  164       August  ....   155
    March   .   .    .    .160       September    .     .    .   156
    April    .   .    .    .209       October  .    .     .    .150
    May     ....  146       November     .     .    .   162
    Juue     ....  121       December     .     .    .   197

  The highest number in any one month was 209, in April.   The  lowest
in June, 121.
  The deaths among males exceeded  those of females by  23.   The two
decennial periods between  20 and 40 contributed 974 deaths, equal to 50
per  cent.
  The deaths among people of colour amounted to 161, or 8 per cent.  The
mortality from this disease is on  the increase with the coloured population.
  Thirty-five per cent, of  the deaths recorded are charged  to our  foreign
population, fifty-seven per cent, to those of American birth, seven per cent.
not designated.
  The average monthly mortality was 163, and for every  day there were
5 deaths.
  Still-Born.—From this cause assigned for death there are 743 returns.
This is equal to about five per cent, of all  the deaths.   An improvement
in this classilication is much needed.   How many of the " still-borns" were
the  result of dengn, malpractice, ignorance, neglect, carelessness, or scien-
tific destruction of life at the time of, or during the  process of labour, is a
question of importance for solution.  Were all the causes we have suggested
for the deaths of new-born infants, to be assigned, when they are rightfully
entitled to the credit of the death, the name " still-born" would hardly find
a place in the catalogue.   In a sanitary estimate they should always be
deducted.
  Inflammation of the  Lungs.—Deaths  from this disease occurred in
743  instances.   This is a winter disease, and while it is not confined to
children,  but may attack at all ages, nevertheless 276 of the deaths, equal
to thirty-seven  per cent., are placed to the account  of children  under five
years of age.   Many of these deaths  in young children are  not only the
result  of  neglected bronchial catarrhs, but complications with  measles,
hooping-cough, and scarlatina.   Strictly classified, they should be assigned
to these several headings.
  Debility.—Under this very common title there are set down 926 deaths.
Of these, 356 were under one year of age.   It is very doubtful whether the
deaths beyond the first year of life belong properly to debility alone.   By
a more careful  diagnosis their true canse, a  consequence of disease, would
have been detected, and another name given to the remaining  570 deaths
  Marasmus gives 606 deaths.   Of this number, 551 were among  minors 
                                 19

and of these, 365 were under  one year of age.  This record is  less than
that for 1862, by 37 deaths.
  Croup, a disease peculiar to childhood, furnishes 444 deaths.   Of these
335 took  place  between the first and fifth year, and this is the  period
when children are most susceptible to an attack.
  The excess of male deaths  in the record, 47 over those in  the female,
equal to 23£ per cent., goes to confirm the opinion so frequently referred to,
that boys are more  subject  to croup than girls.   This  is no doubt the case,
and is owing to their more  frequent exposure to sudden transitions of tem-
perature.
  Convblsions.—Another somewhat obscure name, to  which  have been
ascribed 681 deaths.  Of these, 628 are charged to children, many of which
cases of convulsions were,  in all probability, the mere forerunners of death
from attacks of  disease  under  which the children had  been labouring, and
to which cause the  death should have been  ascribed.
  Congestion of the Brain gives 421 deaths; Disease of the Heart,
305; Disease  of  the  Stomach and Bowels, 267 ;  Apoplexy,  194 ;
Dropsy,  225 ; Old Age,  234 ;  and Gunshot  Wounds, 310.   Of these
wounds 308 were in soldiers, and having been received in the field,  should
not by right be calculated in our mortality.
  In closing this report we would call the attention of  the College to the
following remarks contained in the report  of the registration  department
of the Board of Health of our city, with  reference to the use  of a more
correct  and  plainer terminology for  diseases by physicians, when  making
their returns of deaths  to  that office.  If the hints  contained therein do
not apply to the fellows of the College, they may be  suggestive to others
into whose hands this report will fall.
   " In  the foregoing  table, presenting the total mortality of the year,
much looseness of language  has  occurred in the naming of  the various
diseases,  by those whose duty it  is to  make returns of deaths.   Nor  is it
alone in the carelessness or tautology of names applied that we would com-
plain, but of the obscure or ambiguous, and in numerous instances obsolete
terms  that are used to  express some of those diseases that terminate in
death almost every week, and are known by familiar titles to the  reader of
the mortality returns."        ******
   " If  the profession would confine itself  to  a nomenclature  of plain
English terms, or even adopt, for general use, the classification of diseases
aud the nomenclature as approved by the National Medical Convention in
 1847, when it met  in this city, much"trouble and time would be spared this
department, and we should not be compelled to disfigure our public record
 with such terms as 'Spanemia,'  'Helminthiasis,' 'Yulnus  Sclopetarium,'
 'Born  too soon,'  ' Nably Information,'  'Black  Small  Pox,'  ' Pulmo-
 nary decline,' ' Miscarriage,'a child;  'Still-born,'  a child two years old ;
 'Chlorosis,' a  boy six years old;  'Pains,' ' Frosted  Feet,'  and  many
 others equally obsolete  and ridiculous, which certainly cannot elevate the
 standard qualifications of  the medical profession in our city.
   " It is  earnestly to be desired,  therefore, that -measures  may  be taken
 either by the Board of Health or the physicians of Philadelphia, to correct
 an evil which is increasing every year, and to secure for  the future a  more
 uniform and less complicated  nomenclature, for all practical purposes, than
 the one now employed by those making returns of deaths to this  office." 
				-			Liter men t			5 in	the	City for the Y				Mr	1863.														
diseases.					SEX.		—	AGES.																i		u o	«5	<	NAT	ivity.	
					«								§							o	o	d	8							a	a
															■*	•o	to r-			OS								►■	a	«c	e
			■< H O Eh	0> "5 S3	S	AC pa			O	o	o 2	o	«e	o	g	s	o © o to		o	s	o	|		b a <!		3	So 0h	o	GO b	o	a a
Abscess......			68	40	28	10	9	5	3	4		3	2	14	9	8	0 8		4	1				49	19	5	2	5	4S	12	8
Apoplexy			194	109	8.5	1	3	2		2				U	29	24	40 48		27	12	1			190	4	8	7	12	97	78	19
Aneurism			2	2											2									2					2		
" aorta			7	4	3									1		3	2 1							7		1	1		3	1	3
" brain			1		1		1																		i				1		
Abortion .			3	1	2	i		1						1	1									2	1				2	1	
Antemla .			13	7	6	6	2	6		1	1			1	1	1	.. 2							5	8	i	1		12	1	
Amputation			3	3		i*					1		1	1										1	2			2	3		
Asphyxia			37	24	13	22	10	32						1	2	1								5	32	2	i		33	2	2
Aphtli.T .			6	4	2	3	2	4	1						1									1	5			i	6		
Asthma .			29	10	19	3	1	1	3					3	3	5	2 8		4					25	4	2	6		19	8	2
Alluiminuria .			10	4	6	2	1			1	2			2	2		.. 3							7	■A	1			4	5	1
Angina pectoris			8	6	2	2				1		1		2			1 1		2					6	2		i	2	6	2	
AmouorrhcDa .			1		1		1						1												1				1		
Anorpxia.			1	1																				1					1		
Burns and scalds .			85	39	46	30	35	5	13	31	11	3	2	6	6	4	1 2			1				20	65		4	2	67	15	3
Biliary calculi			4		1																			1					1		
Boil ....			1		1										1									1						1	
Cancer			71	22	52	1			1					5	11	19	16 14		0					73	1	2	2	3	33	37	4
" breast .			11		11										1	2	6 ..		1	ll ..				11		..l 1		1	6	5	##
" bladder			1 2	2																li ..				2						2	
" bowels			1		1														i	..I				1					1		
" face			3	i	2														l					3		1			2	1	
" liver .			S	0	3		1						1	1	1	2	2 1			■•				7	i				4	4	
" lungs .			1	1											1									1		..| ..			1		
" mouth.			1		1		1	.		1															i				1		
" pylorus			3	2											1									2						l\ l\	
" rectum			2	1	2											3								3		1 ..		..	1	l1 l1	
" " stomach			41	16	25	2	2	1		1	1	1			5	11	10 5		6					37	4			4	19	19 3	
" spleen.			2	1	1												1 1							2		i i					
" throat .			1	1													1							1						11 ..	
" uterus.			40		40							..			9	10	14	5	2					40		2		1	22	18l ..	
Casualties			120	99	21	32	10	2	1	9	16	8, 6		18	26	12	7	11	2	2, ..| ..				78	4U			18	70	47' 3	
Croup			444	24.)	198	245	198	49	117	21b	50	8! 1													443	1 3		8	436	5! 2	
Congestion			6	2	4	1	4	2		2		••1 1			1					1				I	5				6	.. 1	
" brain			421	241	ISO	156	132	86	57	60	45	23 17		41	29	24	11 16		9	2 1 ..				133	288	1 8		14	340	73 8	
" bowels .			3	2	1									1	••	1	x! •;							3		) .. ..			2	1	
" chest			1	I																				1						1| ..	
" heart .			! 4	2	2	1		i							1		2							3	1				2	2	
 
21
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3 
Interments in the City for the  Year 1863.—Continued.
Dropsy, glottis
   "    liver .
   "    lunSs .
   "    ovuiios
Disease of aorta
   "      brain
   "      blood
   "      bladder
          chest
   "      hoart
          l.ip .
   "      kidneys
   "      liver
   '•      lungs
   "      prostate  glam'
   "      stomach and bowels
   "      skin
   "      spine
   "      throat
   "      uterus   .
   "      ovaries  .
Diarihcea
Dysentery
Debility .
Drowned .
Debauch .
Diabetes .
Degeneration of heart
       •'       kidney*
Dyspepsia
Eczema  .
Elephautiasls .
Emphysema  .
     "     of lungs
Epilepsy .
Effusion on britiu  .
    "      chest  .
    "      heart  .
    "      luugs  .
103	70
2	1
6	5
2	2
305	170
15	9
53	29
315
176
926
131
■3
B
 63:  6
 51'  4
225  203
 44
Is,  20  12   II
 11   !,  ::.  ::
 i    i
     i
14   11
3 I 2 i  °
 2  1  ..

.ii ii  '2
4	i	
4	2 1	
i)		
		
0		
 21  io n  .,j ..
 17  12  *  ..I ..
100  97 40  151  4  1
  7   1 ..  ..  ..
..
  6
  1
232
14'
45
IS
 3
l.s
1S7  128
 83!  93
49s.  428'
 SO   51'
  9
 10
0 1		1	1 1
73	12	13	18
1	1	o	1
8	2	,1	3
7		1	1
6			2
1			
18		1	1
4			
8 1 3	1	o	1
 21
  S
  1
  2
190
122
5NI
 62
  2
  S
4	2
91	Bi
• 1	'ft.
33	l->
14 ,	11
 
							Inter		men	ts in the City f				or the Year 1863.-					-Continued.													
	DISEASES.					SEX.				AGES.															i'	EG a 0	M 00 Li C	*< * ^ c		NATIVITY.		
										rH			©		8	3	0	S	i 0 to 1 t~	co c:		0 2 c		c						09	D CC	a 0 a
							"3				cm"	0					O	0	0 1 0	0 ' 0		9 a		" B			s		L3	&	r.	r*
					c C-i	« g	8	K M		» ""	o	0 CM	0	0	0	0 CM	O	0	O O ifj j CO	0 ; 0 t^ ' CO		Oi >->		r- <		S	rl <			r=	r» ; D	
							rH			2S	1	4	1	4	1	4	7			4 3					. 35	39	3	2	4	54 1	1 •"	
	Erysipelas.....				74	39	35 j	17	22									10	3 4													
	Erythema				1	1		1		1'									•i :: 1 ..	' ' !					'. i				i	1		
	Exposure Empyema . . .				2 6	1 3	1 3|		1 1	1		i				"4	i								5 1					3 1	'2	
	Enemia ....				1	1										■'			1,..						3			i		3	i	
	Enlargement of heart .				4		"i		i			• •	1	• <		2 1		i							2				1	2		
	" liver				2	1	i												.. ..							12			1	12	'5	
	Fever ....				17	8	9! 7		5	i		"1	5	3		4	1		•i1::						\ 4				4	11		
	" brafn				12	9	3' 5		3	3		3	1	1		1									\ 7					3	4	
	" bilious .				8	4	4 ..		1			1				1	1		• ■ •*							24		3	1	23	1	
	" catarrh				21	9	15 9		15	13	"i	6	1						"2 "2 .1 .						'. 18	25		3	4	31	s 1	
	" congestive .				43	20	23 12		13	1	3	6	7			7	2	2							\ 1						li ..	
	" continued				1	1	.. | ..																							i		
	" eruplive				1	1	..! 1			1							• • "		"1 'i						! 3			i		2	2!	
	" gastric .				4	2	2 ..		1	1			i						• •]											1		
	" hectic .				1	1	..! 1												"1 \\										i	1		
	" inflammatory				1	1	..: 1								1		• •! • •								"4				1	5	'2 .	
	" intermittent				7	3	4	1	2	1		1			1	2	1 •i! •• 1 .. 1! 1 8 1 .. 1								1							
	" low				1	1																		1	• ]	ii				i2		
	" malignant .				12	5	"l	5	6	i		4	1	3	2									J	: j					1		
	" miasmatic				1		1												::j»					1						4	"1	
	" nervous				6	•i	2	i					1			1 20									! 29		2	i	3	16	10	
	" puerperal " petechial " pernicious				29 4 ]	'i 1	29 3	i	.3			i	"1 1										■		1 ! '2				i	4 1 1		
	" rheumatic " remittent " spotted . " scarlet . " typhoid " typlius .				3 18 49 275 486 131	2 9 33 142 340 69	i 9 16 133 146 62	h 30 141 85 43	1 3 14 130 60 33	*4 21 1 4	'2 39 7 4	'4 10 129 27 IS	1 1 12 72 33 21	i 10 9 27 13	"1 6 1 50 16	'2 1 1 147 19	2 3 2 i 1 li 2 .. 2 1 .. •• 87 44 30 19 6 16 10 4			ii	3			! I !	. 10 5 4 . 341 55 1	44 271 145 76	i 7 2	i '3 21	3 1 11 74 6	13 47 26S 346 98 1	3 2 103 30	37
	" traumatic				1	1										1 1									1 1					1		
	" yellow .		.-		1	1								• ■															i	1		
	Fracture .				1	1		1						'		i 1 1 3 1	..j .. .. .-								! i					1		
	" arm . " leg				1 8	1 7	i	3					i	i	i		::i i( 'i 'i								5 1		..	i		4	4 1	;;
	" shoulder " skull " spine				1 11 2	1 10 2	1	3	1			•■	1	i	2		i 1	'2							7 2					"7 1	4 1	::l
 
DISEASES.
Fracture of thigh
l'uugus of testicle  .
Fistula in auo
I'alty degeneration of li
  "       "        K
  "       '•        li
Gangrene    .     .
liout
(i ravel   .
Gall stones
Hooping-cough
Hemorrhage
     "     bowels
     "     lungs  .
     "     nose   .
     "     uterus.
Hysteria .
Hernia
Hydrophobia .
Hydra'inia
Helminthiasis
Inflammation of aorta
      "        brain
      "        bronchi
      "        bladder
      "        breast
               chest
      "         colon
      "        eye
      "         ear
      "         heart
      "         kidneys
      "         lungs
      "         liver
      "         laryux
      "         mouth
      "         ovaries
      "         pleura
      "         peritou
 12
  1
 16
  6
  1
  1
  1
386
122
  9
  1
  5
 14
  1

 27
 13
743
 53
 43
  1
  1
 17
 93
 In/i rments in the  City for the Year 1 s(>:'.—Continued.


SEX.
  i
 10
  3
404
 30
 26
  1

 ii
 33
105   82  74
 33   12  12
CO	s
o	
	
	
,'"	* 1
8''2 ; |
o: i is
-  rn
6  1
1  1
6  1
3  2
 2  4  ..   1   1
53 50  42  16   2
12  8   3' ..  ..
3  2
Si  2
 3


411
 5!
320
 59
16	11
11	2
3fti	4 S3
45	s
13	30
	1
	1
15	2
77	16
9   2
-   !  •  I  2
a   i # ■  3
■'.   \ t    *
     c  ■  a
^   I Eh    Lh
343
 si
  3
  1
  4
 12
  1
11	57	30	5s.i
1	3	■>	24
2		1	37 1
6	1 5	j	10 47
|3s
 28
  5

  i
  s
 3d
1
 2
101 
Interments in the City for the Year 1863.—Continued.
DISEASES.
Inflammation of prostate gland
      "         stomach & bowels
      "         spleen .
      "         spine  .
      "         throat  .
      "         tonsils  .
      "         testes  .
      "         uterus  .
      "         veins  .
Insanity ....
Intemperance and exposure
Inflltraiion of urine
Inanition    .     .    .
Jaundice ....
Intussusception    ,    ,
Ischuria ....
Induration of liver.
     "       lymphatic ganglia
Ileus    ....
Laceration of uterus    ,
     "       lungs    ,
Lupus   ....
 Leucocythemia
 Marasmus   .    ,    .
 Metritis .   ,    .    >
 Measles ....
 Malformation .
 Mania a potu .
 Mumps ....
 Murder ....
 Neuralgia     .
 Neglect  ....
 Necrosis ....
 Nervous irritation .
 Neurosis ....
 Old age  ....
 Obstruction of the bowels
 Ossification of  the heart
 Palsy    ....
 
Interments in the City for the Year 1803.— Continued.
DISEASES.			SE	X.		~ <i						AGES. §5 -?		©	s	©					1	r<	C*	i	1	at f-	NAT	IV1TY.	
		. 1	cc							«5	8						© CO	*'§		©				° ft *' « t9s S MO - M 3				a CO	a 3
	«s	.i	R	►»			CM	<o		O	o	o	o	o	0	o	o ! o o			-	•**	C	p	" !cl o			fl	4v	M
	0	p.	Cv rH	o M	5			CM	■e	o	«o	S	© CO	5	© «5	o CO	° !l ii			&	5	•*	8	< jfc		O	-J	o &H	a £3
	44	38	6	6	3		1	2			6	25	6	3			1					35	9	..! ..		6	22	10	12
	2		2										2									2					1	1	
	10	5	5	2	4	2		3		1		2		1			1					4	6	1 !		2	:i		
	6	3	3	2	3	•>	1		2					1								1	5	i| ...			',		
Perforntiou of intestines	3	2	1	1				1								1	1					2	1				2	1	..
	2		2		1	1									1						..	1					2		
I'vrosis......	1	i													1							1						1	
	2	i	1	1	1	1		1															2				2		
Hun over on railroad	55	48	7	13	1		i	4	7	1	1	9	11	8	6	4	3					41	14			10	22	2.)	8
Rheumatism.....	35	19	16	7	6		l	1	51 2		4	7	2	6	5	2	1					22	13	2		.)	26	7	2
	1	1							..1 ..			1										1					1		
	1	1		1		1																	1	1			1		
" Intestines ....	1	1		1																			1				1		
												1	2														2	1	
" urethra ....	1	1													1							1							i
	5											1	4														1	4	
Stricture of colon . . . .	1		1											1								1		1			1		
Suppuration of knee joint	1	..	1													1					..	1							i
																													
" parotid gland	1		1											1			.. ..					1		..' .J			1		
		31	21	2'	IS	1j	9	7	6	2	6	2	1	3	1	1						10	4.)	i s!			SO	4	l
Softening of brain ....	45	2 s	ir	1	2	1	1				1	2	4	8	4	12	9| 3					42	3	4! 3		2	2ri	14	5
" heart ....	1		i													1						1					1		
" stomach	2	i	i	1		1								J								1	1				2		
	743	432	311	432	311	743																				11	743		
Smallpox.....	171	9.1	76	5(i	6.')	33	24	2S	25' 6, 5			29	13	7	1							50	121	2		1	132	14	2'i
	28	15	13	12	!»	15	4	1			1	4	2	1								7	21	15 i;		1	22	. •! 6	
	6	3	3	3	3	1		3															6			2	6		
	2	1	1	1	1	2																	2	• • 1		1	2		
	24	21	3									7	6	4	4	2	1 ..					24					8	7	9
	6	4	2	4	1	4				1							1 ..		1			1	5	..1		1	3	1	
Strangulation of bowels .	2	1	1	1	1			1			1												2	.. ..'			2		
	3		3												1	1	.. ..' 1| ..					3		l			1	1	1
	1		1		1		1																i				1	.. ..	
Strangulation.....		2																				2					1	1 ..	
Scuivv......	2	2										1	1									2					1	••! i	
Suppression of urine	1	1												1								1	■■	• •				i	• •
 
Interments in the City for the  Year 1863,-Continued.
Tumour  .
Teething .
Tetanus  .
Tabes mesenterica
Tox»mia.
Unknown
Uraemia  .
Ulcer
Ulceration  of bowels
     "       larynx
     "       neck .
     "       kidneys
     "       stomach
     "       throat
 Wounds, gunshot  .
Total
15,788
Total number of deaths reported for the year 1863  .
               White......*"'""
               Coloured......___^

                           Total  ....    ■    •  15,783
               Males.......\\f
               Females......7'loZ

                           Total.....•  15>788
               , i From which deduct still-born
        oountry .

Net deaths in the city
825   1,568

   . tH220
The number of male adults......>
       "      female adults.....°>'»°
       "      male children.....t'a-a
       «      female children.....d'i)a0

                                                 432
Deduot still-born males......
       "       females......aLl
15,788
Deduct oountry

Net deaths in city
743
825  1,588
14,220
J f£S&^&^™!*™'to^ from all the U. S. Hospita.s located in our city.