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    CHARTER,

ORDINANCES AND BY-LAWS
COLLEGE  OF PHYSICIANS
PHILADELPHIA.
NON SIBI SED TOTI.
IBRARY, %,
      PHILADELPHIA:
COLLINS, PRINTER, 705 JAYNE STREET.
          1863. 

  The College was instituted in January, 1787, and incorporated
in March, 1789; the Ordinances and  By-Laws were revised and
finally adopted July, 1840; since which time various additions
and amendments have been made to  them, all of which are
incorporated in the present revised edition.  Approved, Decem-
ber, 1863. 
CONTENTS.
                                                      pag a
Charter   .    .    .     .    .    .    .    .     .    .5
Ordinances and By-Laws.
      Chap. I.  Members and Membership .    .     .    .11
           II.  Officers of the College and their Duties   .  15
           III.  The Council......19
           IV.  Meetings.......20
           V.  Standing Committees     .    .     .    .22
           VI.  Committee of Publication .    .     .    .22
          VII.  Library Committee   .....  24
         VIII. Committee  of the Mutter Museum    .    .  24
           IX. Hall Committee......26
           X. Committee on Lectures    .    .     .    .28
           XI. Special Committees   .    .    .    t>.    .29
          XII. Rules for Government of Library     .    .  30
         XIII. Rules of Order......31
         XIV. Code of Medical Ethics and Fee Bill  .    .   34
          XV. Revision and Enactment of Ordinances and
                By-Laws......60
List of Members     ........   63

                       APPENDIX.
Articles of Agreement between  Dr. Mutter and the College  73
Extracts from Deed of Trust of Dr. Mutter and wife  .    .   79 
4 
CHARTER.
An Act for the Incorporation of the College
        of Physicians of Philadelphia.
   1. Whereas, the Physicians of Philadelphia, influ-
enced by a conviction of the many advantages which
have arisen from literary institutions, have associated
themselves under the name and  title of TJie College
of Physicians of Philadelphia:
   2. And whereas, the objects of this College are to
advance  the  science of medicine, and  thereby  to
lessen human misery, by investigating the  diseases
and remedies which are peculiar  to this country; by
observing the effect of different seasons, climates,
and situations upon the human body;  by recording
the changes which are produced in disease by the
progress of agriculture, arts, population, and man-
ners ;  by searching for medicines in the American
woods, waters, and in the  bowels of the earth; by
enlarging the avenues  to  knowledge from  the dis-
coveries and publications  of foreign countries; and
by cultivating order and uniformity in the  practice
of physic:
   3. And whereas,  the said College of Physicians
have prayed us, the Representatives of the Freemen
                       l* 
6
of the Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania, that they
may be created a body politic and corporate, forever,
with such powers, privileges, and immunities as may
best answer the laudable purposes which the mem-
bers thereof have in view; wherefore to assist  and
encourage the said  College of  Physicians,  in the
prosecution and  advancement of useful knowledge
for the benefit of their country, and of 'mankind,
  4. Be  it  enacted, and it  is  hereby enacted,  by the
Representatives of the Freemen of the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, in General Assembly met, and by the
authority of the same, That  the members of the  said
College of Physicians, that  is  to say, John Redman,
John  Jones,  William Shippen, Jun., Adam Kuhn,
John  Morgan, Benjamin  Rush, Samuel Duffield,
Gerardus  Clarkson,  George  Glentworth,  Thomas
Parke, James Hutchinson, Robert Harris, John Car-
son, Benjamin Duffield, William  W. Smith, John
Foulke, Samuel Powell Griffitts, William Clarkson,
William Currie, Benjamin  Say, Andrew Ross, John
Morris, Nathan Dorsey, James Cunningham, Caspar
Wistar, Jun., Michael Leib, and John H. Gibbons,
be, and  the same persons are, and shall be, a body
corporate and politic in deed and  in name, by the
name and style of "The College of Physicians
of  Philadelphia," and, by the same  name, they
and their successors  are hereby constituted and  con-
firmed one body corporate and politic in law, to have
perpetual succession, and to be able and capable to
have, hold and enjoy any goods and chattels, lands,
tenements, rents,  hereditaments, gifts, and bequests, 
7
of what nature  soever, in fee simple, or for term of
years, life or lives, or otherwise;  and also to grant,
sell, alien, assign,  or  let the same lands, tenements,
and premises, according to  the nature of the respec-
tive grants  and bequests made to the said corpora-
tion, and of the estate of the said corporation therein;
provided, that the amount of the clear yearly value
of such real estate exceed  not the sum of five hun-
dred pounds, lawful money of this commonwealth.
   5. The said corporation  be, and shall be forever
hereafter, able and capable in law, to sue and be sued,
plead and be impleaded, answer and be answered
unto, defend and  be defended, in  all or any courts
of justice and other places, in  all manner  of suits,
actions, complaints, pleas, causes, and  matters of what
nature  or kind soever; and that it shall and may be
lawful  to and for  the said corporation, forever here-
after, to have and use a common seal, and the same
seal, at  the will  and pleasure of the said corporation,
to break, change,  alter, and renew.
   6. For the well ordering of  the said corporation
and its affairs, there shall be, at all  times hereafter,
the following officers of the same; that is to say, one
President, one Yice-President, four Censors, a Secre-
tary, and a Treasurer, who  shall be chosen, annually,
from amongst  the  Fellows of the  said College of
Physicians, on the first Tuesday in the month of July,
forever  hereafter*or within  one calendar month after

  * By a decree of the Court  of Common Pleas, Dec. 3d, 1855,
the clause in Italics was altered  to read as follows :  Wednesday
in the month of January vert, and  annually thereafter. 
8
 the same day, in any year; and that John Redman
 be the present President of the said College;  John
 Jones, the present Vice-President; William Shippen,
 Jun., Adam Kuhn, Benjamin Rush, and Samuel Duf-
 field, the present  Censors; Samuel  Powell Griffitts,
 the  present Secretary;  and Gerardus  Clarkson, the
 present Treasurer of the said College:  and shall be
 and  remain the President, Vice-President, Censors,
 Secretary,  and Treasurer,  respectively of the said
 College,  until  they be superseded by a new election
 to be made by the Fellows of the  said College as
 aforesaid;  and all vacancies by death, resignation, or
 otherwise, which shall at any time hereafter happen
 in any of the said offices, may be filled by a special
 election,  to be holden so often  as "occasion shall re-
 quire.
   7. The authorities and duties of the officers of the
 said  corporation who  are hereinbefore mentioned,
 and of any others which the said corporation  shall
 see fit to appoint, the times of meeting of the said
 corporation, the admission of members, and the other
 concerns of the  said corporation, shall  be regulated
 by the by-laws and ordinances of the said corpora-
tion, heretofore made or to be made,  touching the
premises.
   8.  Provided always,  That  no by-laws  nor  ordi-
nances of the said corporation,  hereafter made,  shall
be binding upon the officers  or members  thereof,
unless  the  same shall  be proposed  at  one  regular
meeting  of  the  said corporation, and  enacted and
received  at another, after the intervention of at  least 
9
thirty days. And that no sale, or alienation, or lease
for above three years, of any part of the real estate
of the said corporation, shall be valid,  unless the
terms and  nature of such sale or lease  be proposed
at a previous meeting of the said corporation.
               Signed by order of the House,
                     Richakd Peters, Speaker.

  Enacted into a law, at Philadelphia, on Thursday,
the twenty-sixth day of March, in the year of our
Lord one thousand seven hundred eighty-nine.
                     Peter Zachary Lloyd,
                  Clerk of the General Assembly. 
 
ORDINANCES  AND BY-LAWS.
                CHAPTER I.

            MEMBERS AND MEMBERSHIP.

  1. The College shall consist of Fellows and Asso-
ciates.
  2. The Fellows shall be practitioners of medicine,
of good  character and standing in their profession,
residing  within  the  city of Philadelphia, and  over
twenty-four years of age.
  3. The Associates  shall  be  distinguished practi-
tioners of medicine, residing beyond  the  limits of
the city.
  4. No  person who gives his support  to any system
of practice,  which is sustained by-efforts to weaken
or diminish public confidence in the science of medi-
cine, or in the medical profession, or who, by adver-
tisement  or other means,  announces  his  claim to
superior  qualifications in the treatment of diseases,
or of-a particular disease or class of diseases; or who
holds a patent or a part of  a patent  for a surgical
instrument; or who  enters into a collusive agree-
ment with  an apothecary with a view to pecuniary 
12
profit or to professional patronage;  or who gives
the formula  of a prescription  to  one apothecary,
which he refuses to  give  to  others;  or who deals
in secret medicines, or publicly recommends them,
shall  be considered  eligible as a Fellow  or Asso-
ciate  of the  College.   And, any Fellow  or Asso-
ciate who hereafter may be so engaged, shall forfeit
his right to membership, on the fact being reported
as established, by the Board of Censors.  An appeal
from the decision of the Censors is permitted in this
as in all other cases.
   5. Candidates  for  Fellowship or  Associateship
may be proposed in writing, at any stated meeting,
by three Fellows; but they shall be balloted for only
at the stated meetings in January, April,  July, and
October; when, if four-fifths of the ballots cast  be
in their favor, they shall be pronounced duly elected;
provided, however, that the report of the Council in
their case is favorable, and there are  present at the
meeting at  least twenty Fellows.
   6. All propositions for Fellowship  or Associate-
ship shall  be read at the  meetings of the College
intervening between  the one at which they  were
presented and that at which the candidates are to be
balloted for.
   7. No candidate who is  rejected  shall, be  again
proposed within twelve months from  the period of
such rejection.
   8. The names of the persons proposed  as candi-
dates for Fellowship  or Associateship shall not be
placed on permanent record, unless the said candi- 
13
 dates are elected.  In case of the rejection of any
 candidate, the paper containing his nomination shall
 be destroyed immediately after the ballot.
   9. No person elected a Fellow shall be recognized
 as a member of the College until he shall have sub-
 scribed the Ordinances and By-Laws, and paid his
 initiation fee.  If he omit such signing and payment
 for the period of three  months, his election shall
 become void.
   10. The initiation fee shall be fifteen dollars, pay-
 able at or before signing  the Ordinances and By-
 laws.  The annual contribution  shall be  five dollars,
 payable, in advance, at the stated meeting in January.
 To all annual contributions that shall remain unpaid
 after the meeting in July, ten per cent, shall be added.
   11. Any  Fellow who neglects  or declines the
 payment of his annual contribution for two successive
 years, shall forfeit his membership: Provide'd, how-
 ever, that if any Fellow shall be absent from Phila-
 delphia, on public service in the  Army or Navy of
 the United States, for twelve consecutive months  or
 more, a deduction shall  be made from  the amount
 of his annual  contributions, corresponding to the
 duration of his absence.
   12. No Fellow who may remove permanently from
 the City of Philadelphia, shall, in consequence  of
 such removal, forfeit his Fellowship, but he shall be
exonerated from the payment of the annual contri-
bution.
   13. JSTo Associate, who may come to reside within
the limits  of the  City  of Philadelphia,  shall  be
     2 
14
 admitted to Fellowship in the College without being
 proposed and elected in the same manner, in all
 respects, as is prescribed for the admission of Fellows.
   14. The  number of Associates shall not exceed
 fifty, twenty of whom may be foreigners.
   15. Associates shall have the  privilege of attend-
 ing the meetings of the College, but  shall not be
 allowed to take any part in the transaction of its
 private business.
   16. Every  Fellow of the  College shall  receive a
 certificate of  membership according to the annexed
 form, signed  by the  President, Vice-President, Cen-
 sors, and  Secretary,  and having  the seal of the
 College affixed thereto.

 JVos,  Prseses,  Vice-Prseses, Censoresque Collegii Medi-
   corum Philadelphiensis, omnibus ad quos hsec per-
   venerint, salutem.

   Testamur-------------------------virum doctum
 et medicinse peritum, nostri  Collegii Socium  -------
 adscriptum fuisse, omnesque ejus  honores et privilegia,
jure rit'eque consecutum esse.  In cujus rei fidem hisce
 Uteris, Collegii sigillo munitis, nomina nostra subjici-
 mus.

                                Anno Domini 18
                                 -------Prseses.
                                 ------- V. Prseses.

                                 ------- Secrelarius.
Datum Philadelphia,
 
15
  17. No Fellow shall be permitted to vote at any
election, whether of Officers, Fellows or Associates,
who has not subscribed the Ordinances and By-laws,
and paid his initiation  fee, together  with all annual
assessments due by him, and who has not attended
at least two stated meetings of the College within the
twelve months next preceding said election.
  18^ The signing  of  the  Constitution adopted  in
1788, shall be deemed equivalent to a subscription
to the Ordinances and By-laws of  the  College  in
force for the time being.
  19. When the College is notified of the decease of
one of its Fellows, the fact shall be entered upon the
minutes,  and a  Fellow may be appointed to prepare
and read before the College an obituary notice of the
deceased.
               CHAPTER II.

   officers of the college and their duties.

  1.  The officers of the College designated  by its
Charter, namely, a President, a Vice-President, four
Censors, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, shall be chosen
annually, by ballot, on the first Wednesday in Janu-
ary, or within one calendar month thereafter. At the
same  time, and in the same manner, there shall be
elected a Librarian, a Curator, and  two Councillors.
  2.  The President  shall maintain  order  at the
meetings of the College, and sign  all warrants on 
16
the Treasurer, duly ordered  by the College.  He
shall have power to call special meetings at his own
discretion; and it shall  be his  duty to call  them,
when requested to do so in writing by six Fellows.
  3. The Vice-President  shall perform the duties of
the President  in  the absence of the latter officer, or
at his request  when present.  In the absence of both
the President and Vice-President, a chairman for the
meeting shall be appointed viva voce.
  4. The Censors shall inspect the records and  ex-
amine  and audit  the accounts of the College, upon
which  they shall report at the stated meeting in
January.  They shall hear and determine all charges
for  a breach of the regulations of the College, that
may be preferred against a Fellow, and shall  report
their action thereon to  the College at  its next meet-
ing.  In  cases, however, where a  Censor is one of
the  parties concerned, the charge shall be referred to
a committee of three Fellows selected by ballot, who
shall act as censors pro  hac vice.  An appeal from
the  decision of  the Censors to the  College  shall
always be allowed.
  5. The  Treasurer  shall  collect  and  receive  all
moneys due to the College, and shall pay them only
upon a warrant ordered  by the College  and signed
by  the President, or by the officer  who  presided
at the  meeting at which the warrant was  ordered;
and these warrants shall be  the vouchers for  his
expenditures.  The Treasurer shall present a state-
ment of the finances of the College, annually, at  the
stated meeting in December, and at such other times
as the College may direct. 
17
   6.  The Secretary shall keep correct minutes of the
 proceedings of the College, and, after their approval,
 record  them in a  book provided  for the purpose.
 He shall keep  a list of the Fellows and Associates,
 with  the date of the election of each, the time of his
 death, resignation, or  loss of membership, and also
 of the  residence of  the Associates.  He shall have
 the custody, and see to the preservation of all books
 of records.  He shall keep in regular files, properly
 labelled, all documents and papers  belonging to the
 College.  He shall  notify all the Officers and Stand-
 ing Committees of their election, and the Chairman
 of every Special Committee of his appointment, with
 the names of his associates, and shall furnish him
 with  a copy of the resolution under which the com-
 mittee was appointed, and with whatever documents
 may  be necessary for the proper  performance, by
 the committee,  of the duties imposed upon it.   He
 shall  furnish certificates of membership to newly
 elected  Fellows, and perform  such other duties  as
 are appropriate to  his office, or which may be im-
 posed upon him by any Ordinance  or Resolution of
 the College.
  He shall be, ex officio, a member of the Committee
 of Publication.
  7. The Librarian, in conjunction with the Library
 Committee, of which he shall be a member, ex officio,
 shall  attend  to the  preservation, arrangement and
 cataloguing of the books belonging to the Library
of the College; and shall carry into effect all such
regulations pertaining  to  the  Library as  may be
                        2* 
18
adopted  by the College.   He  shall attend in the
Library for one hour before each Stated Meeting of
the College, and  also for one  hour, at least, -once
every week, in order to  deliver books to  the Fel-
lows in accordance with the regulations embraced in
Chapter XII.
  8. The Curator, who shall be, ex officio, a  member
of the Committee on the Mutter Museum, shall pre-
pare and set up such pathological  specimens as the
Committee shall deem worthy of a place in the Mu-
seum. He shall have the general care of the Museum,
label, and keep a correct catalogue  of the specimens
presented to it, with the  name  of  the donor, which
shall be conspicuously attached to the specimen, and,
as far as practicable, a record of the case from which
the specimen was derived.   He shall attend at the
Museum, for the accommodation of visitors  and stu-
dents, on such days in  each and  every  week, and
during such hours as may be directed by the Com-
mittee on the  Mutter Museum.   On" such occasions
he shall  remove and replace specimens, afford all
necessary information to students and other visitors,
and prevent any improprieties being committed by
those in attendance.
  The Curator shall receive for  his services  the sum
of $300, annually, to be  paid to him by the Chair-
man of the Committee on the Mutter Museum out of
the income of the trust fund presented to the College
by Dr. Mutter.
  No Professor or Lecturer on Surgery or Medicine
shall be eligible as Curator. 
19
               CHAPTER  III.

                  the council.

  1. The Council shall consist of the President, Vice-
President, Secretary, Treasurer, and Censors of the
College, with six Councillors, elected as  follows:
At  the stated  meeting of the College in January,
1864, six Councillors shall be chosen, namely, two
to serve for one year, two for two years, and two for
three years, and annually thereafter, at the  meeting
in January, two Councillors to serve for three years
shall be'chosen.
  2. The Council thus constituted shall hold regular
meetings  at such intervals,  not  exceeding three
months, as it shall deem necessary.   It shall  elect
from among its own members, a Chairman and Clerk,
keep correct minutes of its transactions, and regularly
report the same to the College.
  3. The Council shall exercise a general supervision
over the affairs of the College, carefully consider all
questions  that may be referred to  it, and report to
the College, in  writing, its  decision  thereon,  and
from time to  time submit to the College, for its
approval  or rejection,  such measures as  it  shall
believe to be adapted to further the objects for which
the College was  organized and  to promote its in-
terests generally.
  4. To the Council shall  be submitted all nomina-
tions of Candidates for  Fellowship or Associateship,
and its duty shall be to inquire  into the character, 
                       20

the professional standing  and the eligibility in all
other respects of such candidates, and  to certify, in
writing, the result of said inquiry to the College.
               CHAPTER IV.

                    MEETINGS.

   1. The Stated Meetings of the College shall be held
on the first Wednesday in every month; from October
to March inclusive, at 7 J P. M.; and from April to
September inclusive,  at 8 P.M.   At  which hours
precisely, or as soon thereafter as a quorum, consisting
of seven Fellows, shall have assembled, the  meeting
shall be organized.
   2. At stated meetings, the following shall be the
order of business:—
    1st. The minutes of the preceding meeting shall
           be read for approval or correction.
    2d. Newly elected Fellows may be introduced.
    3d. Donations to the Library and  Pathological
           Museum shall  be announced.
    4th. Written communications may be received.
    5th. Verbal communications may be made.
    6th. The report of Committees and of the Coun-
           cil shall be received.
    7th. Motions and observations respecting the
           private business of the  College  may be
           made.
    8th. Miscellaneous business may be transacted. 
21
   3. At the stated meetings in January, April, July,
and October, the balloting for Candidates for Fellow-
ship or  Associateship may be gone into, after the
third item of business has been transacted, provided
there are present at least twenty Fellows.
   4. At the stated meeting in December, the Trea-
surer shall present his annual report, and the Presi-
dent shall nominate a committee whose duty it shall
be to report on the  Meteorology and Epidemics of
Philadelphia during the ensuing year.
   5. At the stated meeting in January,  after the
third item in the order of business shall have been
dispatched, the Censors,  the Library Committee, the
Committee on  the Mutter  Museum, and  the Hall
Committee, shall present their annual reports; the
annual appropriations shall be made; and the Officers
and Standing Committees of the College for the ensu-
ing year shall be elected; after which, the business
of the College shall proceed in the usual order.
   6. At the stated meeting in February, the report
on Meteorology and Epidemics shall be made.
   7. At the  stated meeting in March, in  the year
1864, and of every third year  thereafter, a lecturer
on surgical pathology shall be appointed.
   8. At special meetings, no  business shall  be  trans-
acted excepting that for  which the said meeting has
been called.
   9. At the stated meetings of the College, excepting
those upon which propositions for  Fellowship  are to
be acted upon,  or  during the  consideration  of the
private affairs of the College, strangers may be intro- 
22
duced as Visitors by a Fellow, who shall be held
responsible for the character and professional stand-
ing of the persons introduced by him.
               CHAPTER V.

              STANDING COMMITTEES.

  1. There shall be elected by ballot, at the stated
meeting of the College in the month of January,
annually,  the  following  Standing   Committees,
namely:—
    I. A Committee of Publication.
   n. A Library Committee.
  in. A Committee on the Mutter Museum.
  iv. A Hall Committee.
   V. A Committee on Lectures.
  2. The  first three of the said Committees shall
consist each of three Fellows, and the last two, each
of five Fellows.
               CHAPTER  VI.

           COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION.

  1. It shall be the duty of the Committee of Pub-,
lication  to prepare and issue, from time to  time, a
Summary of the Transactions of the College; com- 
23
 prising, 1. All written communications, the publica-
 tion of which  the Committee may deem expedient.
 2. A record of such facts in  relation to any of the
 departments of Medicine, Surgery, or Obstetrics, as
 shall be communicated verbally to the College by
 its Fellows; and 3. An abstract of the discussions
 upon subjects  of general interest which shall  take
 place at the meetings of  the  College, together with
 such other of its  transactions,  the  publication of
 which may be directed by the College or deemed
 expedient and  proper by the Committee.
   4. The Fellows will be expected, when requested
 by the Committee of Publication, to report for publi-
 cation the verbal communications  and remarks on
 professional subjects presented by them at the meet-
 ings of the  College.
   5. No paper read before the College shall be pub-
 lished as having been so read, elsewhere than in the
 Summary of Transactions,  without the  consent of
 the majority of the Fellows present at the reading
 thereof—which consent shall be expressed by vote.
   6. The  Summary of Transactions, as it is pub-
lished, shall be distributed by the  Secretary  of the
College to each of the Fellows and  Associates with-
out charge. 
24
              CHAPTER  VII.

             THE LIBRARY COMMITTEE.

  1. The  Library Committee  shall have a general
supervision of the Library of the College, and shall
report upon its  condition annually, at the  stated
meeting in January.
  2. It shall be the duty of  the  Committee to fur-
nish the College, annually, at  its stated meeting in
January, with a statement of the amount necessary
to meet the estimated wants of the  Library during
the  ensuing twelve months, when  such an appropria-
tion, based upon  such estimate,  shall be made by
the  College as may be deemed compatible with the
state of its funds.   The expenditure of which appro-
priation shall  be made by the Librarian  under the
direction of the Library Committee.
             CHAPTER VIII.

       COMMITTEE ON THE MUTTER MUSEUM.

  1. The Committee on the Mutter  Museum shall
have a general supervision  of the same, and shall
take all such measures as may be deemed expedient
for its preservation and increase.
  2. Free access  to the Museum and preparations
shall be allowed without charge or fee, to any regular 
25
 graduate or student of medicine, who may desire to
 consult, study, draw, or describe any of the said pre-
 parations, for whose accommodation there  shall be
 provided the  necessary chairs, tables, pens,  ink, and
 paper.  Any other person shall be permitted to visit
 the Museum, who shall present a ticket of admission
 signed by a Fellow of the College.  All admissions,
 however, are to be governed by  such regulations as
 the College may deem necessary for the preservation
 of order.
   3. The Committee shall not allow any article be-
 longing to the Museum to be removed from the
 College  building excepting for necessary repairs or
 preparation.
   4. The Chairman of the Committee shall  receive
 the  income of the trust fund presented to the College
 by Dr. T. D. Mutter; which income shall be disbursed
 by the Committee, under the supervision of the Col-
 lege, in accordance with the agreement made between
 the College and Dr. Mutter, as recited in the deed of
 trust to the Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on
 Lives and  Granting  Annuities,  executed  by Dr.
 Mutter and wife, December the eleventh, A. D. 1858,
 namely:  $300 per annum as a salary to the Curator,
 $200 per annum as a salary to the Lecturer, and the
 remainder  of said  income shall be  appropriated to
 the preparing, fitting up, keeping in order, increasing,
 and insuring of the pathological and anatomical pre-
 parations and specimens, illustrative of surgery and
medicine; the drawings, models, casts, and other like
matters, which are intended to form the said Museum,
     3 
26
  5. It  shall make, annually, to the College, at its
Stated Meeting in January, a report of the condition
of the Museum, and from  time to time shall submit
such suggestions the adoption of which it is believed
will tend to augment the value and usefulness of the
collection.  And semi-annually, at the Stated Meet-
ings in January and July,  it shall render to the Col-
lege an account of all its expenditures on account of
the Museum and Lecturer, which  account shall be
referred to the Censors to be audited.
               CHAPTER  IX.

               "* HALL COMMITTEE.

  1. The Hall Committee shall have the charge and
superintendence of the Hall of the. College ; subject
tb such instructions as the College, by its resolutions  *
and enactments, may from time to time give.   The
Committee shall see that the Hall  is kept, at all
times, in good order and condition ; that the preser-
vation and security of all things contained in the
several apartments  thereof be constantly cared for,
and that it be properly lighted and heated for the
meetings of the College, and of such bodies and com-
mittees as may assemble statedly  or occasionally
therein, in accordance with the  ordinances and reso-
lutions of  the College.
  2. It shall have  power to let to persons, societies,
or associations, upon such terms as the College may 
27
deem satisfactory, such apartments in the Hall as the
College may designate: Provided, however, the rent-
ing of such apartments will in  no degree interfere
with the meetings of the College, or  with its  conve-
nience generally.
  3. The Hall Committee shall appoint a Janitor or
Superintendent  of the Hall, and shall see that he
performs all the services that may  be required of
him promptly and faithfully.
  4. It shall be  the duty of the  Hall Committee to
procure all things necessary for carrying out the
purposes of its  appointment:  Provided, that the
cost of these shall not exceed the sum of ten dollars
within any one  month.  For the things thus  pur-
chased, the  Committee shall present the bills to the
College,  at its next stated  meeting;  when, if the
same be  found correct, orders shall be drawn upon
the Treasurer for their payment.
  5. The Hall Committee may  make  all necessary
rules for its own government:  Provided, that the
said rules be first approved  by the College.
  6. The Hall Committee shall  present to the Col-
lege, at its stated meeting  in January, annually, a
report of its proceedings, and of  the condition of the
Hall. 
28
                CHAPTER  X.

             COMMITTEE ON LECTURES.

  1. It shall be the duty of the Committee on Lec-
tures to present  to the College, at its stated meeting
in the  month of March,  1864, and  at the stated
meeting  in  March  of every third  year thereafter,
the name of a  gentleman who is, in the estimation of
the Committee, duly qualified  to deliver a  course of
at least ten lectures on some point or points con-
nected with surgical pathology: Provided, that the
same lecturer shall not be nominated for two succes-
sive  terms.
  2.  It shall be the further duty of the said  Com-
mittee to fix upon the time for the delivery of the
said  lectures  and the duration of  the  course, and
to make all  such arrangements  as  may be deemed
necessary for carrying out the  objects contemplated
in the establishment  of said  lectureship—the "pro-
motion and  diffusion of surgical knowledge.   *
  3. The said  lectures shall be delivered within the
College building, and the use of the Museum shall
be granted to  the Lecturer for the purpose of illus-
tration.
  4. The Lecturer shall be  permitted to charge a fee
of five or ten  dollars,  as he may himself determine,
to each  person  attending  his lectures.  He  shall,
however, grant ten gratuitous tickets to  poor but
well  educated  and moral students of regular medi-
cine, whom he shall  himself  select; while all Fel- 
29
lows of the College  shall be allowed access to the
lectures gratuitously.
  5. The Committee shall see that the duties of the
person who may be appointed to fill the lectureship
are performed in a satisfactory manner and in accord-
ance with the terms of the  agreement entered into
between the College  and Dr. Mutter.
  6. Upon the" favorable report  of the Committee,
the College shall direct an order to be drawn upon
the Chairman of the Committee on the Mutter Mu-
seum in favor of said lecturer for the sum of $200,
to be paid  out of the income of the trust fund pre-
sented to the College by Dr. Mutter;  and the Com-
mittee shall see that  each Fellow is supplied gratuit-
ously with  a  ticket  of admittance to the aforesaid
lectures.
               CHAPTER  XI.

               SPECIAL COMMITTEES.

  1. The  President shall appoint all  Special Com-
mittees  unless otherwise ordered by a vote of the
College.
  2. The first named shall be Chairman of the Com-
mittee, and shall see that the duties enjoined on the
committee are promptly and duly performed.
  3. Special Committees shall report at the meeting
immediately succeeding their appointment, unless it
may be otherwise determined by a resolution or law
                       3* 
30
of the College; and failing to make a final report at
the proper time, unless a satisfactory reason for such
failure be given, they shall be discharged, and  the
matter dropped or  referred to another committee, as
the College may determine.
  4. All  reports  of  special  committees  shall be
made in  writing, and  signed  by a majority of  the
committee.
              CHAPTER XII.

   RULES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE LIBRARY.

   1. The Fellows shall be allowed to take out such
book or books belonging to the Library, as they may
desire, with such exceptions, however, as  from time
to time the Library Committee may designate: Pro-
vided, that no Fellow shall be allowed to take out at
any one time more than one folio, quarto, or octavo,
or two duodecimos, nor  to  retain  the same for  a
longer period without  renewal  than  two  weeks.
The Librarian  shall enter, in a  register kept for
the purpose, the title of the books  taken out, with
the name of the Fellow by whom, and the date at
which they were taken out.
  2. If any  Fellow retain  the  book or  books de-
livered to him  by  the Librarian, longer than two
weeks, without renewal, he shall pay a fine of twenty-
five cents for every month the book  or books are s*.
retained. 
31
  3. If a book be lost by a Fellow, he  shall either
replace it, or pay the value thereof, or of the set of
books to whicl^it belongs.
  4. At the  stated meeting  in November,  all the
books shall be returned to the Library, to enable the
Library Committee to make its annual report.
  5. It shall be the duty of the Librarian, as soon
as practicable after the receipt of the professional
journals and of new publications generally, to make
such arrangements as shall enable the  Fellows  to
consult the  same in the Hall of  the College, and
under  such  regulations as the Library Committee
may adopt.
  6. He shall make a report,  at each stated meeting
of the College, of the books which may have been
presented to the Library since the preceding meeting.
             CHAPTER  XIII.

                RULES OF ORDER.

  1. No question shall  be considered open for dis-
cussion, except when brought forward by motion
duly made and seconded,  and  then ilistinotly stated
by the presiding officer.  The name of the mover of
each motion to be entered upon the minutes.
  2. Every motion shall be reduced to writing by the
mover, if the presiding officer or any Fellow request
the same. 
32
   3. Any Fellow may call for the division of a ques-
 tion, provided it comprehends two distinct proposi-
 tions.   A motion to strike  out ancL, insert  shall be
 deemed indivisible;  but a motion to strike out shall
 not preclude either amendment or a motion to strike
 out and insert.
   4. The mover, with the consent  of the seconder,
 may withdraw any motion previously to its amend-
 ment, commitment, or to the question  upon its final
 passage being put by the presiding officer.
   5. When a Fellow speaks, he shall  stand up, ad-
 dressing himself to the  presiding officer, and confin-
 ing himself strictly to the question under considera-
 tion.
   6. No Fellow shall be interrupted while speaking,
 except by a call to order.
   7. I'he presiding officer shall decide all questions
 of order unless an appeal be made to the College, in
 which case the person appealing shall first state his
 reasons for appealing, and then the presiding officer
 his reason in support of his decision, but no further
 debate shall be allowed.
   8. No Fellow shall be allowed to speak more than
 twice upon the  same question,  without permission
 being granted him by the College.
   9. Whilst  a*question is under consideration, no
 motion  shall be received excepting to adjourn, to lay
 the subject upon the table, to postpone, to refer to a
■committee, or to  amend; which several motions shall
 have  precedence in the  order  in which they are
 named. 
33
  10. A motion for adjournment shall always be in
order, except when the College is voting on another
question, or while a Fellow is speaking.
  11. A motion to amend an amendment is in order,
but not one to amend an amendment to the amend-
ment.  The question on the amendment shall be de-
cided before that on the main question.
  12. No motion shall be received to  postpone the
motion under discussion for the purpose of introduc-
ing a substitute.
  13. A motion  for  postponement shall preclude
commitment, and one for commitment shall preclude
amendment, or a decision on the original question.
  14. Motions  for postponement, to lay upon the
table, and for adjournment shall always be determined
without debate.
  15. A motion that has been negatived, cannot be
again brought forward at the same meeting, except-
ing upon a motion to reconsider.
  16. No question shall be reconsidered, excepting
on  the motion of two Fellows, -who voted with the
majority when the question  was  decided, and  sub-
mitted at the meeting at which the same was dis-
cussed.
  17. When a blank is to be filled, the  question shall
be first taken on the largest sum, greatest number,
and remotest period.
  18. Two Fellows may demand the yeas and nays
on  any question which is not required to be decided
by  ballot, and  have them entered upon the minutes. 
34
The presiding officer in such cases shall always vote
last.
  19. No order shall be taken upon the report ot
any special committee, excepting  to refer it back to
the committee, to lay it upon the table, or to obtain
the sense of the College in relation to the resolutions
appended thereto.
  20. The presiding  officer  shall not discuss  any
subject while in the chair, but may assign his reasons
on deciding a question of order.   He shall have no
vote excepting on a ballot, or upon  a call for the
yeas and nays.
              CHAPTER  XIV.

         CODE  OF  MEDICAL ETHICS.

OF THE DUTIES OF PHYSICIANS TO THEIR PATIENTS,
  AND  OF THE OBLIGATIONS OF  PATIENTS TO  THEIR
  PHYSICIANS.

  Aet. I.—Duties of physicians to their patients.
  § 1.  A physician should not only be ever ready to
obey the calls  of the  sick, but his mind ought also to
be imbued with the greatness of his mission, and the
responsibility  he habitually incurs in its discharge.
Those  obligations are the more deep and enduring,
because there  is  no tribunal other than his own con-
science to adjudge penalties for carelessness or  ne- 
35
gleet.   Physicians should, therefore, minister to the
sick with due impressions of the importance of their
office; reflecting that the ease, the health, and the
lives of those committed to their charge, depend on
their  skill,  attention,  and  fidelity.  They  should
study, also, in their deportment, so to unite tenderness
with firmness, and condescension with authority, as to
inspire the minds of their patients with gratitude,
respect, and  confidence.
   § 2. Every case committed to the charge of a phy-
sician  should be  treated with attention, steadiness,
and humanity.   Reasonable indulgence should  be
granted to the mental imbecility and caprices of the
sick.  Secrecy and delicacy, when required by pecu-
liar circumstances, should be strictly observed; and
the  familiar and  confidential  intercourse to which
physicians are admitted in their professional visits,
should be used with discretion, and with the most
scrupulous regard to fidelity and honor.   The obliga-
tion of secrecy extends beyond the period of profes-
sional  services;—none of the privacies of personal
and domestic life, no infirmity of disposition or flaw
of character observed during professional attendance
should ever  be divulged by the physician,  except
when he is imperatively required to do so.  The force
and necessity of this obligation are indeed so great,
that professional men  have, under certain circum-
stances, been protected  in their observance of secrecy
by courts of justice.
  §' 3.  Frequent visits to the sick are in general re-
quisite, since they enable the physician  to arrive at 
36
a more perfect knowledge of the disease—to meet
promptly every change which may occur, and also
tend to preserve the confidence of the patient.  But
unnecessary visits are to be avoided, as  they give
useless anxiety to the patient, tend to diminish the
authority of the physician, and render him liable to
be suspected of interested motives.
  § 4.  A physician should not be forward to  make
gloomy prognostications, because they savor of em-
piricism, by magnifying  the importance of his ser-
vices in the treatment or cure  of the disease.  But
he should not fail on proper occasions, to give to the
friends of the patient timely notice of  danger when
it really occurs; and even  to the patient  himself, if
absolutely  necessary.  This  office, however,  is  so
peculiarly alarming when executed by him, that it
ought to be declined whenever it can be assigned to
any other person of sufficient judgment and delicacy.
For, the physician should be the minister of hope and
comfort to  the sick; that, by such cordials to the
drooping spirit, he may smooth the  bed of death,
revive expiring life, and counteract the depressing
influence of those maladies which often disturb the
tranquillity of the most resigned in their last mo-
ments.  The life of a sick person can  be shortened
not only by the acts, but also by the words  or the
manner of a  physician.  It is, therefore, a sacred
duty to guard himself carefully  in this respect, and
to avoid all things which  have "a tendency to dis-
courage the patient and to depress his spirits.
  § 5.  A physician ought not to abandon a patient 
37
 because the case is deemed incurable;  for his attend-
 ance may continue to be highly useful  to the patient,
 and comforting to the relatives around him, even in
 the last period of a fatal malady, by alleviating pain
 and other symptoms, and by soothing mental anguish.
 To decline attendance,  under such  circumstances,
 would be sacrificing to fanciful delicacy and mistaken
 liberality, that moral duty, which is independent of
 and far superior to, all pecuniary consideration.
   § 6. Consultations should be promoted in difficult
 or protracted  cases, as they give rise  to confidence,
 energy, and more enlarged views in practice.
   § 7. The opportunity which a physician not unfre-
 quently enjoys of promoting  and strengthening the
 good resolutions of his patients,  suffering under the
 consequences  of vicious conduct, ought never to be
 neglected.  His counsels, or even remonstrances, will
 give satisfaction, not offence, if they be proffered with
 politeness, and evince  a  genuine  love  of virtue, ac-
 companied by a sincere interest in the  welfare of the
 person to whom they are addressed.


 Art. II.—Obligations of patients  to their physicians.
  § 1. The members of the medical profession, upon
 whom is  enjoined the performance of so many im-
 portant and arduous duties towards the community,
 and who are required to make so many sacrifices  of
 comfort,  ease,  and  health,  for the  welfare of those
who avail themselves of their services, certainly have
a right to expect and require, that  their  patients
     •i 
38
 should entertain a  just sense of  the  duties which
 they owe to their medical attendants.
   § 2.- The first duty of a patient is, to select as his
 medical adviser one who has received a regular pro-
 fessional education.   In no trade  or occupation, do
 mankind rely on the skill of an untaught artist; and
. in medicine, confessedly the most difficult and intri-
 cate of the sciences, the world ought not to  suppose
 that knowledge is intuitive.
   § 3.  Patients should prefer a  physician whose
 habits of life are regular, and  who is not devoted to
 company, pleasure,  or  to any pursuit incompatible
 with his professional obligations.   A patient should,
 also,  confide the care of himself and family, as much
 as possible, to one physician; for a  medical man who
 has become acquainted with the peculiarities of con-
 stitution, habits,  and  predispositions,  of those he
 attends, is more likely  to be. successful  in his treat-
 ment than one who does not possess that knowledge.
   A  patient who has  thus selected his physician,
 should  always apply for advice in what may appear
 to him  trivial cases, for the most  fatal results often
 supervene on the slightest accidents.   It is of  still
 more importance that he should apply for assistance
 in the forming stage of violent diseases; it is  to a
 neglect of this precept that medicine owes much of
 the uncertainty and  imperfection with which it has
 been  reproached.
   § 4. Patients should  faithfully and unreservedly
 communicate to their physician the supposed cause
of their disease.  This is the more important, as 
39
•many  diseases of a  mental origin simulate those
depending on external causes, and yet are only to
be cured  by ministering  to the mind  diseased.   A
patient should never be afraid of thus making his
physician his friend and adviser;  he should always
bear in mind that a medical man is under the strong-
est obligations of secrecy.  Even the female  sex
should never allow feelings of shame or  delicacy to
prevent their disclosing  the  seat, symptoms, and
causes of complaints  peculiar to them.  However
commendable a modest reserve may be in the com-
mon occurrences  of life, its strict observance in medi-
cine is often attended with the most serious conse-
quences, and  a patient may sink under a painful
and  loathsome disease,  which might have been
readily prevented had timely intimation been given
to the physician.
  § 5. A  patient  should never weary his  physician
with a tedious detail of events or matters not apper-
taining to his disease.  Even as relates to his actual
symptoms, he will convey much more real informa-
tion by giving clear answers to interrogatories, than
by the most  minute  account of  his own framing.
Neither should he obtrude upon his physician  the
details of his business  nor the history of his family
concerns.
  § 6.  The obedience  of a patient to  the prescrip-
tions of his physician should be prompt and implicit.
He should never  permit his own crude opinions as
to their fitness, to influence his attention to  them.
A failure  in one particular may render an otherwise 
40
judicious treatment dangerous, and even fatal.  This
remark is equally applicable to diet, drink, and  ex-
ercise.  As patients  become convalescent, they  are
very apt to suppose that the rules prescribed for them
may be disregarded, and the consequence,  but  too
often,  is a relapse.   Patients  should  never allow
themselves to be persuaded to take  any medicine
whatever, that may be recommended to them by the
self-constituted doctors and doctresses, who are so
frequently met with, and who pretend to possess in-.
fallible remedies for the cure of every disease.  How-
ever simple some of their prescriptions may appear
to be, it often happelfs that they are productive of
much mischief, and  in all  cases they are injurious,
by contravening  the plan  of treatment adopted by
the physician.
   § 7.  A patient should, if possible, avoid even the
friendly visits of a physician who is not attending
him—and  when  he does  receive them, he should
never  converse on the subject of  his disease, as  an
observation may  be  made, without any intention of
interference, which may destroy his confidence in |he
course he is pursuing, and  induce him to neglect the
directions prescribed to him.  A patient should never
send for a  consulting physician without the express
consent of his own medical attendant.   It is of great
importance that physicians should act in concert; for,
although their modes of treatment may be attended
with equal success when employed singly, yet con-
jointly they are very likely to  be  productive of dis-
astrous results. 
41
   § 8. When a patient wishes to dismiss his  physi-
cian, justice  and common courtesy require that he
should declare his reasons for so doing.
   § 9. Patients should  always, when  practicable,
send for their physician in the morning, before his
usual hour of going out; for, by being  early .aware
of the visits he has to pay during the day, the physi-
cian is able to  apportion his time in such a manner
as to prevent an interference of engagements.  Pa-
tients  should  also  avoid calling  on their medical
adviser unnecessarily during the  hours devoted to
meals or sleep.  They should always be in readiness
to receive the visits of their physicians, as the  de-
tention of a few minutes is often of serious inconve-
nience to him.
   § 10. A patient should, after his recovery, enter-
tain a just and  enduring sense of  the value  of the
services rendered him by his physician; for these arc
of such a character, that no mere pecuniary acknow-
ledgment can repay or cancel them.


OF THE DUTIES OF PHYSICIANS  TO EACH  OTHER, AND
           TO THE PROFESSION AT LARGE.

  Art. I.—Duties for the support ofprofessional cha-
racter.
  §  1.  Every individual, on entering the profession,
as he becomes thereby entitled to all its privileges
and  immunities, incurs an obligation to exert his best
abilities to maintain its  dignity and  honor, to exalt
                        4* 
42
its standing, and to extend the bounds of its useful-
ness.  He  should, therefore, observe  strictly  such
laws as are instituted for the government of its mem-
bers ;—should avoid all contumelious  and sarcastic
remarks relative to the faculty, as a body; and while,
by unwearied diligence, he resorts to  every honor-
able means of enriching the science, he should enter-
tain a due respect for  his seniors, who have,  by their
labors, brought it to the elevated condition in which
he finds it.
  § 2.  There is no profession, from the members of
which greater purity of character, and a highefstand-
ard of moral excellence are required, than the medi-
cal;  and to attain such eminence, is a  duty every
physician owes  alike to his profession  and to his
patients.   It is due to  the latter, as without it he
cannot command their respect and confidence, and to
both, because no scientific attainments can  compen-
sate for the want of correct moral principles.  It is
also  incumbent upon  the faculty to  be temperate in
all  things, for  the practice of physic requires the
unremitting exercise of a clear and  vigorous under-
standing; and, on emergencies, for which no profes-
sional man should be  unprepared, a  steady hand, an
acute eye, and an unclouded head may  be  essential
to the well-being, and even to the life,  of  a fellow
creature.
  § 3. It is derogatory to the dignity  of the profes-
sion to resort to public advertisements,  or private
cards, or handbills, inviting the attention  of indi-
viduals affected with particular diseases—publicly 
43
offering advice and medicine to the poor  gratis, or
promising radical  cures;  or to publish cases and
operations in the daily prints, or suffer such publica-
tions to be made; to invite laymen  to be present at
operations, to boast of cures and remedies, to adduce
certificates of skill and success, or to perform any
other similar acts.  These are the ordinary practices
of empirics, and are highly reprehensible  in a regu-
lar physician.
   § 4. Equally derogatory to professional  character
is it, for a physician to hold a patent for any surgical
instrument or medicine; or to dispense  a secret nos-
trum, whether it be the  composition  or exclusive
property of himself or of others. For, if such nostrum
be of real efficacy,  any concealment regarding  it is
inconsistent with beneficence and professional  libe-
rality ; and if mystery alone give it value and import-
ance, such craft implies either disgraceful ignorance
or fraudulent avarice.  It is also reprehensible for
physicians to  give certificates attesting the efficacy
of patent or secret medicines, or in any way to pro-
mote the use of them.


  Art. II.—Professional services of pihysicians to each
other.
  §  1.  All practitioners of medicine, their wives, and
their children while under the paternal care, are en-
titled to the gratuitous  services of any one  or more
of the  faculty residing near them, whose assistance
mav be dcshvd.   A  physician afflicted  with disease 
44
   is usually an incompetent judge of his own case; and
   the natural anxiety and solicitude which he experi-
   ences at the sickness of a  wife, a child, or any one
   who, by the ties of consanguinity, is rendered pecu-
   liarly dear  to him, tend to obscure his judgment,
   and produce timidity and irresolution in his practice.
   Under such-circumstances, medical  men  are pecu-
   liarly dependent upon each other, and kind  offices
   and professional aid should always be cheerfully and
   gratuitously afforded.  Visits ought not, however, to
   be obtruded officiously * as such unasked civility
   may give rise  to embarrassment, or interfere with
% -that  choice  on which confidence depends.  But, if
   a distant member of the faculty, whose circumstances
   are affluent, request attendance,  and an honorarium
   be offered, it should not be declined; for no pecuni-
   ary  obligation  ought to be imposed,  which the party
   receiving it would  wish not to incur.


     Art. III.—Of the duties  of physicians as respects
   vicarious offices.
     §  1. The affairs of life, the pursuit of health, and
   the  various accidents and  contingencies  to which
   a  medical  man is peculiarly  exposed, sometimes
   require him temporarily to withdraw from his duties
   to his patients, and to request some of his professional
   brethren to officiate for him.  Compliance with this
   request is an act of courtesy, which should always
   be performed with the utmost consideration for  the
   interest and character of the  family physician, and 
45
 when exercised for a short period, all the pecuniary
 obligations for such service should be awarded to him.
 But if a member of the profession neglect his busi-
 ness in quest of pleasure and amusement, he cannot
 be considered as entitled  to the advantages  of  the
 frequent and long-continued exercise of this fraternal
 courtesy, without awarding to the physician who offi-
 ciates the fees arising from the discharge of his pro-
 fessional duties.                         in
   In obstetrical and important surgical cases, which
 give rise to  unusual fatigue, anxiety, and responsi-
 bility, it is  just that the fees accruing therefrom
 should be awarded to the  physician who officiates.


   Art. IV.—Of the duties of physicinns in regard to
 consultations.
   § 1. A regular medical education  furnishes  the
 only presumptive evidence of professional abilities
 and acquirements, and ought to be the only acknow-
 ledged right  of an individual to the exercise and
 honors of his profession.  Nevertheless,  as in con-
 sultations the good of the patient  is the sole  object
 in view,  and  this is often dependent on personal con-
 fidence, no intelligent regular practitioner, who has
 a license  to  practise from some  medical board of
 known and acknowledged respectability, recognized
by the American Medical Association, and who is in
good moral and professional standing in the place in
which he resides,  should be fastidiously excluded
from  fellowship, or his  aid refused in  consultation, 
46
when it is requested by the patient.  But no one can
be considered as a regular practitioner or a fit asso-
ciate in consultation, whose practice is based on an
exclusive dogma, to the rejection of the accumulated
experience of the profession, and of the aids actually
furnished by anatomy, physiology, pathology, and
organic chemistry.
  § 2. In  consultations,  no' rivalship or jealousy
should "b%  indulged; candor, probity, and all due
respect should  be exercised towards  the physician
having charge of the case.
  §  3. In  consultations,  the  attending  physician
should be the first to propose the necessary questions
to the sick;  after which the consulting physician
should have  the opportunity to make such  further >
inquiries of the patient as may be necessary to satisfy
him of the true character of the case.  Both physi-
cians  should then retire to a private place for delibe-
ration ; and the one first in attendance. should com-
municate the directions agreed upon to  the  patient
or his friends, as well as any opinions  which it may
be thought proper to express.  But no statement or
discussion of it should take place before the  patient
or his friends, except in the presence of all the faculty
attending,  and  by  their common consent; and no
opinions or prognostications should be delivered, which
are not the result of previous deliberation and con-
currence.
  § 4. In consultations, the physician  in attendance
should deliver his opinion first; and when there are
several consulting, they should deliver their opinions 
                       47

in the order in which they have been called in.  No
decision, however, should restrain the attending phy-
sician from making such variations in the mode of
treatment, as any subsequent unexpected change in
the character of the  case  may demand.  But such
variation, and the reasons for it, ought to be carefully
detailed at the next  meeting in consultation.  The
same privilege belongs also to the consulting physi-
cian if  he is sent for in an emergency, ,< when  the
regular attendant is out of the way, and similar ex-
planations  must  be made by him at the next con-
sultation.
   § 5.  The utmost  punctuality should  be observed
in the visits of physicians when they are to hold con-
sultation together, and this is generally practicable,
for society has been considerate enough to allow the
plea of a professional engagement to take precedence
of all others, and to be an ample reason  for the re-
linquishment  of  any  present  occupation.  But, as
professional engagements may sometimes interfere,
and delay one of the parties, the  physician who first
arrives  should wait for  his associate  a reasonable
period, after which  the consultation should be#con-
sidered as postponed to a new appointment.  If it be
the attending physician  who  is  present, he will of
course see the patient and prescribe; but if it be the
consulting  one, he should retire, except in case of
emero-ency, or when he has been called from  a con-
siderable distance, in which latter  case he may ex-
amine the  patient, and give his opinion in writing,
and under seal, to be delivered  to his associate. 
48
  § 6.  In consultations, theoretical discussions should
be avoided, as occasioning perplexity and loss of time.
For there may be much diversity of opinion concern-
ing speculative  points, with  perfect agreement in
those  modes of practice which are founded, not  on
hypothesis, but on experience and observation.
  § 7.  All discussions in-consultation should be held
as secret and confidential.  Neither by words  nor
manner should any of  the parties to a consultation
assert or insinuate that any part of the treatment
pursued did not  receive his assent.  The responsi-
bility must  be equally divided between the medical
attendants—they must  equally share  the  credit of
success as well as the  blame of failure.
  § 8. Should an  irreconcilable diversity of opinion
occur when  several physicians are called upon to con-
sult together, the  opinion of the majority should be
considered as decisive;  but if the numbers be equal
on each side, then the decision should  rest with the
attending physician.  It may, moreover, sometimes
happen, that two physicians cannot agree  in their
views of the nature of a case, and the  treatment to
be pursued.   This is a circumstance much to be de-
plored, and  should always be avoided, if possible, by
mutual concessions, as far as they can be justified by
a conscientious regard for  the dictates of judgment.
But in the event of its occurrence, a third physician
should, if practicable,  be called to act as umpire; and,
if circumstances prevent the adoption of this course,
it must be left to the patient to select the physician
in whom he  is most willing to confide.   But, as every 
49
physician relies upon the rectitude of his judgment,
he  should, when left in the minority, politely and
consistently retire from  any further deliberation in
the consultation, or participation in the management
of the case.
   § 9. As circumstances sometimes occur to render
a  special  consultation desirable, when  the continued
attendance of two physicians might be objectionable
to the patient,  the member of the faculty whose as-
sistance is required in such cases, should sedulously
guard against  all future unsolicited attendance.  As
such consultations require an  extraordinary portion
both of time and attention, at least a double honora-
rium may be reasonably expected.
   § 10. A physician who is called upon  to consult,.
should observe the most  honorable and scrupulous
regard for the character and standing of  the practi-
tioner  in attendance;  the practice of the  latter, if
necessary, should be justified as far as it can be, con-
 sistently  with  a conscientious regard  for truth, and
 no hint or  insinuation should be thrown out which
 could impair the confidence reposed in him, or affect  •
 his reputation.  The consulting  physician should
 also carefully refrain from any of those extraordinary
 attentions or assiduities, which are too often practised
 by the dishonest for the base  purpose of gaining ap-
 plause, or ingratiating themselves into the favor  of
 families  and individuals.
5 
                        50

   Abt. V.—Duties  of physicians in cases  of inter-
ference.
   § 1. Medicine is a liberal profession, and those ad-
mitted into its ranks should found their expectations
of practice upon the extent of their qualifications,
not on intrigue or artifice.
   § 2. A physician, in his intercourse with  a patient
under the care  of  another practitioner, should  ob-
serve  the strictest caution and reserve.   No nod-
dling  inquiries  should be made—no disingenuous
hints given relative to the nature and  treatment of
his disorder; nor any course of conduct pursued that
may directly or indirectly tend to diminish  the trust
reposed in the physician employed.
   § 3. The same circumspection and reserve  should
be observed when, from motives of business or  friend-
ship,  a physician is prompted to visit an individual
who is under the direction of another practitioner.
Indeed, such visits should be avoided, except under
peculiar  circumstances;  and when they ar^ made,
no particular inquiries should  be instituted relative
to the nature of the disease, or the remedies employed,
but the topics of conversation should be as foreign
to the case as circumstances will admit.
   § 4. A physician ought not  to take charge of or
prescribe for a patient who has recently been under
the care of another member of the faculty in the same
illness, except in cases of sudden emergency, or in
consultation with the physician previously in  attend-
ance, or when the latter has relinquished the case, or 
51
been regularly notified that his services are no longer
desired.   Under such circumstances, no unjust and
illiberal  insinuations should be thrown out in rela-
tion to the conduct or practice previously pursued,
which should be justified as far as candor and regard
for truth and probity will permit;  for  it often hap-
pens  that patients  become  dissatisfied when they
do not experience immediate relief, and,  as many
diseases are naturally protracted, the want of success,
in the first stage of treatment, affords no evidence of
a lack of professional knowledge and skill.
   § 5. When a physician is called to an urgent case,
because the family attendant is not at hand, he ought,
unless his assistance in consultation be desired, to re-
sign the care of the patient to the latter immediately
on his arrival.
   § 6. It often happens, in cases of sudden illness or
of  recent accidents and injuries, owing to the alarm
and anxiety of friends, that a number of physicians
are simultaneously sent for.  Under  these circum-
stances, courtesy should assign the patient to the first
who  arrives, who should select  from those present
any additional assistance that he may deem neces-
sary.  In all such cases, however, the practitioner
who officiates should request the family  physician,
if there be  one, to  be called, and, unless his further
attendance  be requested, should resign the case to
the latter on his arrival.
   § 7. When a physician is called to the  patient of
another  practitioner, in consequence of the sickness
or  absence  of the latter, he ought,  on the return or 
52
 recovery of the regular attendant, and with the con-
 sent of the patient, to surrender the case.
   [The expression, "Patient of another Practitioner,"
 is understood to mean a patient who may have been
 under the charge of another practitioner at the time
 of the attack of sickness, or departure from home of
 the latter, or who may have called for his attendance
 during his absence or sickness, or in any other man-
 ner given it to be understood  that he regarded the
 said physician as his regular medical attendant.]
   § 8. A  physician, when visiting a sick person in
 the country, may be desired to see a neighboring pa-
 tient who is under the regular direction of another
 physician, in consequence of some sudden change or
 aggravation of symptoms.  The  conduct  to be pur-
 sued  on such an occasion is to give advice adapted
 to present circumstances;  to interfere no further than
 is absolutely necessary with the general plan of treat-
 ment; to  assume no  future direction, unless  it be
 expressly desired; and, in this last  case, to request
 an immediate consultation with the practitioner pre-
 viously employed.
   § 9. A wealthy physician should not give advice
 gratis to the affluent;  because his doing so is an in-
jury to his  professional brethren.  The office of  a
 physician can never  be supported as an exclusive
 beneficent one; and it is defrauding, in some degree,
 the common funds for its support, when fees are dis-
 pensed with, which might justly be claimed.
  § 10. When a physician who has been engaged to
 attend a case of midwifery is absent, and another is 
53
sent for, if delivery is accomplished during the at-
tendance of the latter, he is entitled to the fee, but
should resign the patient to the practitioner first en-
gaged.

  Art. VI.—Of differences between physicians.
  § 1. Diversity of opinion and opposition of interest,
may, in  the  medical as  in- other professions, some-
times  occasion  controversy  and  even contention.
Whenever such cases unfortunately occur,  and  can-
not be immediately terminated, they should  be re-
ferred to the arbitration of a sufficient number of
physicians, or a court-medical, or, where both parties
are members of the Medical Society of their County,
to the Censors.
   § 2. As peculiar  reserve must be maintained by
physicians towards  the  public, in  regard to profes-
sional matters, and  as there ,exist numerous points
in medical ethics and etiquette • through which the
feelings  of medical men may be painfully assailed
in their intercourse  with each other, and which can-
not be understood or appreciated by general society,
neither  the  subject-matter of such  differences  nor
the adjudication of the arbitrators should  be made
public, as publicity  in a case of this nature may be
personally injurious to the individuals  concerned,
and can  hardly fail to bring discredit on the faculty.
5* 
54
  Art. VII.—Of pecuniary acknowledgments.
  Some general rules should be adopted by the fa-
culty, in every town or district, relative to pecuniary
acknowledgments  from their patients; and it should
be deemed a point of honor to adhere to these rules
with as much uniformity as varying circumstances
will admit.


OF THE DUTIES OF THE PROFESSION  TO THE PUBLIC,
  AND  OF THE  OBLIGATIONS OF THE PUBLIC TO THE
  PROFESSION.

  Art. I.—Duties oftheprofession to the public.
  § 1.  As good citizens, it is the duty of physicians
to be ever vigilant for the welfare of the community,
and to bear  their part in sustaining its institutions
and-burdens; they should also be ever ready to give
counsel to the  public in relation to matters especi-
ally appertaining to their profession, as on subjects
of medical police, public hygiene, and legal medicine.
It is their province to enlighten the public in regard
to quarantine regulations—the location, arrangement,
and dietaries of hospitals, asylums,  schools, prisons,
and similar institutions—in relation to the medical
police  of towns, as drainage, ventilation, &c.—and in
regard to measures  for the prevention of epidemic
and contagious diseases; and when pestilence pre-
vails, it is their duty to face the danger, and to con- 
                        55

tinue their labors for the alleviation of the suffering,
even at the jeopardy of their own lives.
   § 2. Medical men should also be always ready,
when called on by the legally constituted authorities,
to enlighten coroners' inquests, and courts of justice,
on subjects strictly medical—such as involve ques-
tions relating  to sanity, legitimacy, murder by poi-
sons or  other violent means, and in  regard to  the
various  other  subjects embraced in the science of
Medical Jurisprudence.   But in  these cases, and
especially where they are  required to make a post-
mortem examination, it is just, in consequence of the
time, labor, and skill required, and the responsibility
and risk they  incur, that  the public  should award
them a proper honorarium.
   § 3. There is  no  profession, by the members''of
which eleemosynary services are more liberally dis-
pensed than the medical, but  justice requires that
some limits should be placed to the performance of
such good  offices.   Poverty, professional  brother-
hood, and certain of the public duties referred to in
the first  section of this article,  should always be re-
cognized as  presenting valid claims for gratuitous
services;  but  neither institutions endowed  by  the
public or by rich individuals, societies for mutual
benefit, for the insurance  of lives or  for analogous
purposes, nor any profession or occupation,  can be
admitted to possess such  privilege.  Nor can it be
justly expected of physicians to furnish certificates
of inability to serve on juries, to perform militia duty,
or to testify to the state of health of persons wishing 
56
 to  insure their lives,  obtain  pensions, or the like,
 without a pecuniary acknowledgment.  But to indi-
 viduals in indigent  circumstances, such professional
 services should always be cheerfully and freely ac-
 corded.
   § 4. It is the duty of physicians, who are frequent
 witnesses of the enormities committed by quackery,
 and the injury to health and even destruction of life
 caused  by the use of quack medicines, to enlighten
 the  public on these  subjects, to expose the injuries
 sustained by the unwary from the devices and pre-
 tensions  of  artful  empirics  and impostors.   Physi-
 cians ought  to use all the influence which they may
 possess, as professors in Colleges of Pharmacy, and
 by exercising their option in regard to the shops to
 which their  prescriptions shall be sent, to discourage
 druggists and apothecaries from vending quack or
 secret medicines, or from being in any way engaged
 in their manufacture and sale.


  Art. II.—Obligation of the public to physicians.
  The benefits accruing to the public, directly and <
 indirectly, from the active and unwearied benefi-
 cence of the  profession, are so numerous and import-
 ant, that physicians are justly entitled to the utmost
 consideration and respect from the community.  The
public ought likewise to entertain a just appreciation
of medical qualifications; to make a  proper discrimi-
nation between true  science and the assumptions of
ignorance and  empiricism—to  afford every encou- 
 Missing pages:




p. 57-60 missing 
 
61
              CHAPTER  XV.

   REVISION AND ENACTMENT OF ORDINANCES AND
                    BY-LAWS.

  1. No new nor amended ordinance or by-law (see
the last clause of the Act of Incorporation) shall be
binding on the Officers or Members of the College,
unless it shall be proposed in writing and subscribed
by five Fellows, at one  stated meeting, and enacted
or passed at another, after the intervention of at least
thirty days, nor unless it shall then be passed by a
majority  of two-thirds, there  being  not less than
twenty Fellows present.
  2. When it shall be in order for the College to act
on an ordinance or by-law, it shall be announced by
the Secretary to the Fellows  in their notices for the
meeting.
6 
 
63
FELLOWS AND ASSOCIATES
COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA.
* Denotes deceased Fellows.
f Resignation of Fellowship.
|| Forfeiture of Fellowship.
(A.) Associates.
(N. R.) Non-resident Fellows.
* John Redman .
* John Jones
* John Morgan  .
* Wm. Shippen, Jr.
* Adam Kuhn  .
f Benjamin Rush
* Gerardus Clarkson
* Samuel Duffield
* Thomas Parke
* James Hutchinson
* George Glentworth
* Abraham Chovet
* Andrew Ross .
* William W. Smith
* James Hall
f William Clarkson
* William Currie
* Benjamin Say
* Samuel Powell Griffitts
* Benjamin Duffield
|| John Morris  .
  ELECTED.
Jan.   1787. 
64
	RIECTED.	
* John Carson......	Jan.	1787.
* John Foulke......		
|| Robert Harris......		
* Nathan Dorsey.....	. April,	
* John R. B. Rodgers.....		
* Caspar Wistar, Jr. •		
* James Cunningham ....		
* Charles Moore.....	"	
* Michael Leib......	March 1788.	
* John H. Gibbons .....	«	«
* Nicholas B. Waters ....	April,	1789.
* Benjamin Smith Barton . . " .	<(	1790.
* Nicholas Way (Wilmington, Del.), (A.) .	Aug.	!(
* James Tilton (Dover, Del.), (A.) .	i<	((
* Isaac Senter (Newport, R. I.), (A.) .	Nov.	(I
* Thomas Redman......	July,	1791.
* William M'llvaine.....	Nov.	«
* Plunket F. Glentworth.....	Sept.	1792.
* Hugh Hodge .......	Dec.	1793.
* Peter Renaudet (Bristol, Eng.), (A.)	April,	1795.
|| Charles Caldwell ......	July,	«
* John Cumming .....	Oct.	«
* Thomas C. James .....	x	k
* William Annan .....	, June,	1796.
t Adam Seybert .....	Nov.	1797.
* William Patterson (Londonderry), (A.) .	Jan.	1798.
* William Boys .....	. Nov.	<<
* David Hosack (New York), (A.)	. Mar.	1800.
* Lewis J. Jardine .....	. July,	it
* Joseph P. Minnick.....	. Aug.	1801.
* Thomas T. Hewson . . . * .	. Dec.	(<
* John Coakley Lettsom (London), (A.)	. Mar.	1802.
* Nathaniel Chapman ....	. Nov.	1807.
* Joseph Parrish.....	<<	1810
* Henry Neill ......	June,	1811
* Samuel Bard (New York), (A.)	Aug.	u
* Samuel Stewart.....	July,	1814
 
65
* Joseph Woollens,  .
* Isaac Cleaver
|| William P. C. Barton
f Edwin A. Atlee
* John Moore
* Samuel C. Hopkins
f John Wilson Moore
* Samuel Emlen
* John C. Otto .
  Elijah Griffiths
  Jacob Bigelow (Boston), (A.)
* John Ruan
* Joseph Hartshorne
* Henry Bond .
  Robert M.  Huston  .
  John Bell
  Hugh L. Hodge
• Charles D. Meigs (N. R.]
  George B. Wood
f R. La Roche .
  Benjamin Hornor Coates
* John K. Mitchell  .
* Thomas H. Ritchie
  Lewis P. Gebhard  .
  William Darrach  .
* William. S. Coxe  .
  Franklin Bache
* Daniel Drake (Cincinnati), (A.)
 || Joseph Togno
  George Fox  .
* Charles Lukens
|| Edward Y. Howell
  Theophilus E. Beesley
* Simon A. Wickes  •
  Caspar W. Pennock  (N. R.)
  William W. Gerhard
  Thomas Stewardson
                            6*
ELECTED.	
July,	1814.
Feb.	1815.
June,	k
July,	(i
Aug.	«
n	1817.
Dec	«
Aug.	1818.
March,	1819.
April,	1821
May	«
April	1823
Dec.	1824
July,	1825
Sept.	1826
Feb.	1827
April,	«
May,	k
Aug.	«
April,	1828.
«	K
May,	K
Jan.	1829.
April,	«
Dec.	1830
«	«
Sept.	1831.
Feb.	1832
June,	M
Oct.	El
Nov.	1833
Sept.	1834
Jan.
1835. 
66
				ELECTED.	
William Ashmead.....Jan-					1835
Reuben D. Mussey (Cincinnati), (A.)				Feb.	11
* P. Ch. A. Louis (Paris), (A.)				(i	u
|| Reynell Coates				(i	it
John Marshall Paul (N. R.) .				May,	a
Joseph Pancoast .				«	it
Isaac Hays .				. Sept.	«
John Rodman Paul				. Feb.	1836
t Charles Noble				. March,	it
D. Francis Condie	•			. May,	i<
Squire Littell				<<	<<
* Thomas D. Mutter				<i	a
* Isaac Parrish				«	it
* John Revere (New York), (A	)			Dec.	a
|| David Rutter				. Jan.	1837
|| Frederigk A. Vandyke .				March,	(i
* Anthony Bournonville				. May,	«
W. S. W. Ruschenberger (N.	R.)			. April,	1838
f Samuel Jackson				May,	(i
Robley Dunglison				. June,	i<
* Jacob Randolph				. Dec.	it
Joseph Carson				u	a
Joseph Warrington (N. R.)				Jan.	1839
* James H. Bradford				it	it
Thomas S. Kirkbride				a	a
George W. Norris .				«	n
Francis West				. Feb.	n
t Benjamin D. Neill				a	u
|| Rush Vandyke				u	u
Edward Peace				. March,	it
* Frederick Turnpenny				<<	u -
* George Cheyne Shattuck (Bo	3ton)	(A.)		. May,	k
* George M'Clellan .				it	ti
* William D. Brinckle .				<<	n
William Pepper				«i	n
* Edward Hallowell.				<<	!!
* Theodoric R. Beck (Albany),	(A.)			• July,	11
 
67
* Samuel Colhoun
* William H. Klapp  .
  Caspar Morris .
  Frederick S. Eckard (A.)
* Carter N. Berkeley .
* Joseph Peace  .
  William S.  Zantzinger (N. R.)
  David C. Skerrett  .
|| W. Poyntell Johnson
t Henry H. Smith
  Peter Parker (China), (A.)
  Charles Evans
f Caspar Wistar
  Benjamin W. Dudley (Lexington), (A.)
  Nathan R. Smith (Baltimore), (A.)
  Gotthilf Moehring  .
* John Hubbard (Hallowell, Me.), (A
* Thomas Sewall (Washington, D. C]
  Robert Bridges
  Meredith Clymer (N. R.)
  John D. Griscom
  John Ware (Boston), (A.)
  Thomas Dillard
  Paul Beck Goddard
  Alfred Stille  .
  .John J. Reese .
* Amos Twitchell (Keene, N.H.), (A,
  John Forsyth Meigs
t John Wiltbank
* Henry S. Patterson
  Lewis Rodman
* George L. Newbold .
  William Byrd Page (N. R.)
  Charles R. King (N. R.)
  David H. Tucker (N. R.)
* T. R. Brinckle
* Samuel G. Morton  .
(A
ELECTED.	
Aug.	1839
11	ti
Sept.	it
April,	1840
June,	u
Oct.	u
Nov.	u
Dec.	u
!<	it
Jan.	1842
Feb.	it
April,	it
June,
July,
  u
Aug.
Nov.
Dec.
  u
Jan.
June,
  it
Aug.
Nov.
  u
Dec.
Jan. 
68
  Francis G. Smith   .
|| Mahlon P. Hutchinson  .
  N. D. Benedict (E. Florida), (A.)
* Benjamin S. Janney
t Alexander Wilcocks
* Vict* L. Godon
  Thomas F. Betton  .
  Morris C. Shallcross
* William R. Grant  .
* Joshua M. Wallace .
  Washington L. Atlee
  John Neill
  Henry Gibbons (N. R.)  .
* John C. Warren (Boston), (A
  Richard D. Arnold (Savannah), (A.)
  Anthony E. Stocker
  J. Dickinson Logan
  Gouverneur Emerson
  Edward Hartshorne
  John L. Atlee (Lancaster), (A.)
  Jonathan Knight (New Haven), (A.)
  Alexander H. Stevens (New York), (A.)
 * James M'Naughton (Albany), (A.)
 * Moreton  Stille .    .
  Caspar Wister
  Robert A. Given (N. R.)    ♦.
  Joseph Klapp  ....
  Samuel Jackson (Prof.)  .
 * Jonathan Peroira (London), (A.)
  Robert Christison (Edinburgh), (A.
  Samuel Lewis ....
  Justus Dunott (N. R.)
  Samuel L. Hollingsworth
  John Hastings (N. R.)
  James M. Greene
  John L. Ludlow
  John H.  B. M'Clellan
ELECTED.	
May,	1845
Sept.	u
it	u
u	u
April,	1846
June,	u
Aug.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
  u
April
June,
July,
Dec.
Jan.
  u
April,
Nov.
Dec.
  ii
Feb.
  u
April,
June
July, 
69
  William V. Keating
* D. Paul Lajus
  John K. Mason
* William B. Wilson
* Edmund Lang
  Thomas S. Reed
  Beverly R. Wellford (Fredericksburg, Va,
  Richard H. Townsend
* Isaac Remington
  John B. Tuft (N. R.)
  Edward H. Mayer (N. R.)
  William R. Bullock (N. R.)
  John B. Biddle
  Robert  P. Thomas
* Henry E. Drayton
* Bernard Henry
  James J. Levick
  Joseph  Leidy  .
  Wilson Jewell
  Ellwood Wilson
  Henry Hartshorne
t William Keller
  William Mayburry
  Alfred L. Kennedy
  Ellerslie Wallace
* Thomas H. Yardley
  Fitz William Sargent (N. R.)
  Thomas Hewson Bache
  James V. Emlen
  Joseph  Hopkinson  .
  Owen Jones Wister
  William H. Hooper
  Henry Tiedemann  .
  Jonathan M. Allen (N. R.)
  James L. Tyson (N. R.)
  Archibald Hall (Canada), (A.)
  James E. Rhoads
,(A
ELECTED.	
July,	1849
11	it
u	ii
Oct.	u
Nov.	u
11	u
Jan.	1850
Feb.	ii
Mar.	u
11	ii
Oct.	u
Jan.	1851
April,
July,
  u
Oct.
Jan.
April,
July,
  n
Oct.
  u
Jan. 
70
   Addinell Hewson   .
   Fleetwood Churchill (Dublin),
   David Gilbert .
   B. Howard Rand
   John M. Lever (London), (A.)
   W. P. Tilden (N. R.)
   G. Herman Robinett
   William Hunt
   R. A. F. Penrose
 * Richard Clements  .
   William H. Gobrecht
   Joseph Parrish (N. R.)
   William D. Stroud
   Nathan L.  Hatfield
   Francis W. Lewis   .
   S. Weir Mitchell    .
   R. K. Smith (N. R.)
   William N. Johnson
   J. Cheston Morris   .
   James Aitken Meigs
   John H. Brinton
 V Alfred M. Slocum
   Alfred  Green  .
^- Samuel D. (ft-oss
   E. Gintrac (France), (A.)
  > Walter F. Atlee
 VRobert E. Rogers
 ^ Thos. G. Richardson
   Gaetano Valery (Italy), (A.)
 I James  M. Corse
 V John H. Packard
^ J. M. DaCosta
   S. Henry Dickson
V, D. Hayes Agnew
^ James  Darrach
   William A. Hammond (N. R.)
•^ Charles S. Boker
   William Hembel Taggart
(A.)
ELECTED.	
Jan.	1853
April,	ii
Oct.	it
ii	u
Jan.	1854
u	ii
April,	n
July,
  u
Oct.
Jan.
  u
July
Jan.
April,
  <i
Oct.
Jan.
April,
Oct.	ii
July,	1858
Oct.	u
Jan.	1859
ii	ii
April	ii
July,	ii
 
71
^ A. Owen Stille
—. Augustine H. Fish .
   Hermann Walther (Dresden), (A.)
 "^Henry D. Benner
 ■^ William R. Dunton
^^Charles Stewart Wurts  .
   Pedro Gonzalez Velasco (Spain), (A
   Henry Miller (Louisville, Ky.}, (A.)
 #*rThomas G. Morton .
  ^William S. Forbes .
 ^ C. Pendleton Tutt .
 ^ Robert P. Harris
 ^^ John F. Lamb
 s James H. Hutchinson
 % jEdward A. Page
 ^_ A. Douglass Hall
    Lewis D. Harlow
 ") H. Lenox Hodge
 ^ Albert H. Smith
 —-sW. Lehman Wells .
 *b_ David Burpee
 —Richard J. Dunglison
 ««. George R. Morehouse
 —W. Kent Gilbert
 »-J. Hamilton Slack .
 «»-John Ashhurst, Jr. .
    A. K.  Smith, U. S. A.
  ELECTED.
July,   1859.
  n     u
Jan.    1860.
April,   "
  u     ii
Oct.     "
July,   1861.
April,  1862.
Jan.
April
July,
Oct. 
 
APPENDIX.
Articles of Agreement made and Executed this Eleventh
  day of December A. D. Eighteen Hundred and Fifty-
  Eicht, between Thomas D. Mutter, of the City of
  Philadelphia, Doctor of Medicine, of the first fart,
  and the College of  Physicians of  Philadel-
  phia, of the second part.
  The  said party of  the first part, for himself, his
heirs, executors,  and administrators,  hereby  cove-
nants and agrees to and with the said party of the
second part and their successors, and the said party
of the second part for themselves and their successors
hereby covenant and agree to and with the said party
of the first part, his  heirs, executors, and adminis-
trators, in manner following.
  The party of the first part covenants and agrees
according to the  three following articles:—
  1.  That he will convey to and place under the
guardianship  of  the party of the second part, the
pathological collection at present owned by him (the
particulars  of which collection are  set forth  in a
paper marked "A," annexed to tkese presents, and
to be taken as part thereof), for the purpose of serv-
ing  as 'the  basis of a museum, to be denominated
"The Mutter Museum,  founded  by Thomas Dent
Mutter,  M. D., LL. D., A. D. 1858," as soon as the
party of the second part shall have erected a build-
ing suitable for the reception of the said collection.
  2. That he will defray, during the term of his na-
tural life, the expenses of maintaining said museum.
      7 
74
  3. That, as soon  as  the necessary papers can be
prepared, he will convey and assign to the  Pennsyl-
vania Company for Insurances on Lives and Granting
Annuities a yearly ground rent of twelve hundred
dollars, unincumbered, and of good and marketable
title, and also the sum of ten thousand dollars of the
six per cent, loan  of the city of Philadelphia,  the
net income  of  which investments,  or of whatever
investments may at any time be substituted for them
by said Company, shall be paid unto the party of the
first part when  and as collected, during the term of
his life for his own  use, or in case  of his  death  be-
fore the erection of said building, then according to
his last will, and  after his  death  and the erection
of  said building,  shall be paid to the  College of
Physicians  of  Philadelphia aforesaid,  in  manner
designated in the following articles, for  the support
and increase of said museum, and the other pur-
poses hereinafter designated.
  The party of the second part covenants and agrees
according to the remaining articles of this agreement,
being fifteen in number:—                 ,
  4. That the  building to  be erected  as  aforesaid
shall be fire-proof, and shall be completed within five
years from  the execution of these presents.   Said
building  is to contain an  apartment  of  sufficient
dimensions  for the accommodation of said museum
and its probable increase.  Should  the said party of
the second part fail to erect  such  a building within
the said period of five  years, this whole- agreement
shall, at the option of the said party of the first part,
become null and void. 
•    75
  5. That the charge of the museum aforesaid shall
be placed in the hands of a committee of three, to
be appointed  annually by the College, and called
"the Committee of the Mutter Museum," to the chair-
man of which committee the income of the said trust
estate shall  be paid from  and after the death of the
party of the first part as aforesaid.  Such income is
to be disbursed  by the aforesaid committee, under
the supervision of the said College of Physicians, in
the manner hereinafter directed;  and semi-annual
accounts are to  be rendered to the College by the
said committee of all their receipts and expenditures.
The committee is to be at all times subject to direc-
tions from the College, who shall have  the power to
supply any vacancy that may occur in said committee.
   6. That the income  so  received by the chairman
of the committee  aforesaid shall be devoted to the
following purposes, and no other:—
     1.  For  the salary of a curator $300 per annum:
     2.  For  the salary of a lecturer $200 per annum:
     And the remainder of said income  to the pre-
       paring, fitting up, keeping in order, increaskg,
       and  insuring of pathological and  anatomical
       preparations and  specimens, illustrative  of
       surgery and medicine; drawings,models,casts,
       and  other like matters, which are intended to
       form the museum  aforesaid.
   7. That they will appoint, annually, a curator of
 the Mutter  Museum, who is also to be curator of the
 Colleo-e.  He shall receive the aforesaid  salary of
 three°hundred dollars per annum, to be paid to him 
76   *
by the chairman of the Committee  on the Mutter
Museum out of the income received by him in that
capacity.  No professor  or lecturer on surgery  or
medicine shall be appointed curator aforesaid.   The
Museum of the  College  of Physicians shall be an-
nexed to the Mutter Museum as soon as conveniently
may be after the reception of the latter into the new
College building.
  8. That no one shall be permitted to remove from
the College building, except for necessary repairs  or
preparation, any article belonging to the said Mutter
Museum, after the same shall have been deposited
there.
  9. That proper accommodations, such as chairs,
tables,  pen, ink, and paper, shall always be present
in the museum  for those  who may be inclined  to
draw or describe any of the preparations.
  10. That should  the party of the first part  again
desire to teach, he shall have the use of the Mutter
Museum, he undertaking to return, immediately after
each lecture, the preparations removed for his use.
  11. That free access  to the museum  and prepara-
tions shall be given to  every regular graduate  in
medicine, and to every student of medicine,  without
charge or fee, subject to such regulations as the Col-
lege may deem necessary for the preservation  of
order, and that  other persons  may be admitted  on
the presentation  of a ticket bearing upon it the sig-
nature  of any Fellow of  the College.
  12. That the curator aforesaid shall attend at the
museum, for the accommodation of visitors and stu-
dents, for such  a length of time, and on such days 
77
in each  and every week  as may be directed by the
committee aforesaid on the Mutter Museum.
   13. That on  such occasions the curator  shall re-
move and replace  specimens, afford information  to
the students, and prevent improprieties on  the part
of visitors.
   14. That they will provide and pay a door-keeper
for the building to  be erected as aforesaid, who shall
receive such specimens as may from time to time be
sent to the museum.
   15. That when any preparation has been properly
placed  in the museum, the name of the donor shall
be conspicuously attached to it.
   16. That they will appoint, once in every three
years, a lecturer, whose duty it shall be during that
period, to deliver, annually, a course of lectures  on
some point or points connected with surgical patho-
logy.   The same lecturer shall not be appointed  for
two such successive terms of three years.  Such lec-
turer shall be subject to directions from the College
in regard to the period  and duration of his course;
but no such annual course shall consist of less than
ten lectures.
    17. That the said lecturer  shall receive  from  the
 committee on the Mutter Museum the salary of two
 hundred dollars above directed to be paid  him.   He
 shall deliver his lectures within the College building,
 and shall have the use of the museum for the pur-
 pose of illustrating them.  He  may receive  a fee of
 five pr ten  dollars,  as  he may himself determine,
 from every person attending his lectures.  He shall,
                         7* 
78
 however, distribute  ten  gratuitous tickets to poor
 but weir educated and moral  students of  regular
 medicine, whom he may select  at will; and all Fel-
 lows of the College  are  to  be allowed gratuitous
 access to the lectures.
   18.  That the annual income of the  trust fund re-
 ceived by the College of Physicians shall be devoted
 exclusively to the performance of the trusts specified
 in this agreement.  In the event of their application
 to any other purpose, the benefit of the trust in favor
 of the College of Physicians shall cease, and the
 fund shall,revert  to  the  heirs and assigns of Dr.
 Mutter.
   In witness whereof the said Thos. D. Mutter has
 hereunto set his hand and seal;# and the said College
 of Physicians of Philadelphia have caused their com-
 mon or corporate seal to be hereunto affixed, the day
 and year first  above written.
            THOS.  D. MUTTER.   [l.s.]   '
     Attest, GEO. B. WOOD, M.D.,  [l.s.]
                 President of the Col. of Phys. of Phila.
     Attest, EDWARD HARTSHORNE, M. D.,
                Secretary of the Col. of  Phys. of Phila.
  Sealed and delivered in the presence of us, by the
 party of the first part, December 13, 1855:
     John  Thompson,
     W.  P. Lewis.
  In presence of us, by the party of the second part,
.January 8, 1859:
     Edward  Hartshorne,
     W.  P. Lewis, 
79
Extracts from Exemplification of  Deed of  Thomas D.
  Mutter et ux, to the Pennsylvania Company for Insur-
  ance on Lives and granting Annuities.  In Trust.

   " This Indenture, made  the Eleventh day of De-
cember, A. D. eighteen hundred  and fifty-eight, be-
tween Thomas Dent Mutter, of the City of Philadel-
phia,  Doctor of Medicine,  and Mary A., his wife, of
the one part, and  ' The Pennsylvania Company for
Insurances on Lives and granting Annuities,' of the
other part.   Whereas, in and by certain articles of
agreement entered into between the said  Thomas
Dent  Mutter of the first part, and ' The College of
Physicians of Philadelphia' of the second part, dated
the same day and year as these presents, but executed
immediately before them, and intended to be record-
ed.  The said party of the first part, therein for him-
self,  his  heirs, executors and administrators, cove-
nanted and agreed to and with the said party of the
second part and their successors, and  the said party
of the second part for themselves and their successors,
thereby covenanted and agreed to and with the said
party of  the  first part,  his heirs, executors  and ad-
ministrators,  in manner following to  wit:"—   [See
Articles of Agreement].
   " All which, by reference  to the said articles of
agreement, will fully and  at large appear.  Now in 
80
pursuance and performance of the covenants entered
into by him, said Thomas Dent Mutter, as above, and
in consideration of the articles of agreement,  and
also in consideration of the sum of One Dollar, law-
ful money of the United States of America, to each
of them the said Thomas Dent Mutter, and Mary A.,
his wife, well and truly paid by the said ' The Penn-
sylvania Company for Insurances on Lives and grant-
ing Annuities,' at or before the sealing and delivery
of these presents, the receipt  whereof is  hereby ac-
knowledged.  This Indenture  witnesseth  that the
said Thomas Dent Mutter and  Mary A., his wife, have
granted, bargained  and sold, assigned,  transferred
and set over, and by these presents  do  grant, bar-
gain, sell, assign, transfer and set over unto the said
'The Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives
and granting Annuities,' their successors and assigns,
the sum of Ten Thousand Dollars of the Six per
cent Loan of the City of Philadelphia, contained in
the five following certificates, three  of said certifi-
cates being for one thousand dollars each/ and num-
bered respectively, nine thousand eight hundred and
forty-five, nine thousand eight hundred and forty-six,
and nine thousand  eight  hundred and  forty-seven
(9845, 9846, 9847);  another of said certificates being
for the sum of three  thousand dollars,  numbered
three thousand one hundred and seventy-one (3171).
and the remaining one  of such certificates being for
the sum of four thousand  dollars, numbered eleven
 housand two hundred and six (11206).   And  also
   that certain yearly Ground Rent or sum of Twelve 
81
 Hundred Dollars, lawful silver money of the United
 States of America, payable  half yearly, on the first
 day of  the months of September and  March, by
 Peter A, Keyser and Francis B. Warner, their heirs
 and assigns, in every year, without deduction for
 taxes, and issuing out of all that certain Lot or piece
'of Ground, situate in that part of the City of Phila-
 delphia, late  Penn Township, on the north side of
 Girard  Avenue, and on the east  side of Schuylkill
 Fifth (now Eighteenth) Street, containing in front or
 breadth on said Girard Avenue  two hundred and
 fifty-five feet, and extending.in length or depth north-
 ward of that width along the east side of Schuylkill
 Fifth Street  one hundred and sixty-five feet  to a
 twenty-five feet wide street,  bounded northward by
 the  said twenty-five feet wide street, eastward by
 ground now or late of Charles F.  Lex, southward by
 the said Girard Avenue, and westward by the  said
 Fifteenth Street; which said lot or piece of ground
 the said Thomas Dent Mutter and Frederick Brown
 with their  respective wives, by  indenture bearing
 date the first  day  of March, A. D. one thousand
 eight hundred and fifty three, recorded in Deed Book
 T. H., No. 73, page  140, &c, granted and conveyed
 unto Peter  A. Keyser  and Francis B. Warner  as
 tenants in common in fee, reserving thereout to them
 the said Thomas Dent Mutter and Frederick Brown,
 their heirs and assigns, the said yearly ground  rent
 of twelve hundred  dollars,  and the said Frederick
 Brown  and  wife, by indenture  bearing date  the
 twenty-seventh day of June, A.  D. one thousand 
82
eight hundred and fifty-four, recorded in Deed Book
T. II., No. 160, page 61, &c, granted  and conveyed
his, the said Frederick Brown's one full equal and
undivided moiety of and in the  said yearly ground
rent unto the said Thomas Dent Mutter, his heirs and
assigns, together with all the right, title, interest,
property, claim and demand of the said Thomas Dent-
Mutter and Mary A. his wife,  or either of them,  in
law or equity, of, in, and  to the said yearly  ground
rent, and also of, in, or to the said lot of ground, out
of which the  same issues, to  have and to hold the
said yearly ground rent with the appurtenances, and
also the said sum of ten thousand dollars of  the Six
per cent. Loan of the City of  Philadelphia, unto the
said ' The Pennsylvania Company for  Insurances on
Lives and granting Annuities,' their successors and
assigns, to and for the only proper use and behoof
of them the  said ' The Pennsylvania Company for
Insurances on Lives and  granting Annuities,' their
successors .and assigns forever, upon this special trust
and  confidence,  nevertheless  to receive the  rents,
interest, income and profits of the said trust estate, and
after deducting all taxes, charges and the expenses
of this trust, to pay the same over to the said Thomas
Dent Mutter when and as collected during the term
of his life for his own use, and in case of his  death
before the erection of said building, then according
to his last will, and from and after the death of the
said Thomas Dent Mutter and the  erection  of said
building, then in trust to pay the said rents, interest,
income and profits to the Chairman of the said Com- 
83
mittce of the Mutter Museum, for the time being to
be held by him and disbursed in accordance with the
provisions of the herein before recited  agreement,
his receipt to be the sole discharge to the said Trus-
tees paying  the same, but so that the said Trustees
shall not be liable to see that the said income is dis-
bursed by  the said 'The College of Physicians of
Philadelphia,' in conformity with the provisions of
the said articles of  agreement, and upon failure by
the said College of Physicians of Philadelphia to
devote the said  annual income exclusively to  the
performance of the trusts specified in said agreement,
or in the event of their application to any other pur-
pose, then upon trust to convey the said trust estate
and premises  hereby granted unto such person  or
persons as the said Thomas Dent Mutter, by his last
will and Testament in writing, shall demise, bequeath,
or appoint, or in default of any such  devise, bequest,
or appointment, then upon trust to convey the same
to the heirs and legal representatives of the  said
Thomas Dent Mutter according to the intestate laws
of Pennsylvania  then in  force.  And it shall and
may be lawful for the said ' The Pennsylvania Com-
pany  for Insurances on Lives and granting Annu-
ities,'  if the principal  of said yearly ground rent, or
if said City loan, or  either  of them should at any time
be paid off, to reinvest the same, to and for the uses,
trusts and purposes specified and declared in and by
this present indenture, and  so to do from time to
time as often as any of such investments or reinvest-
ments shall be  paid  off,  such reinvestments to  be 
84
made according to law;  and it  is also hereby ex-
pressly provided, that the said Trustees in the pre-
mises shall not be liable  for any act or acts  in the
execution of this trust done or performed by them
in good faith, or for  any loss or depreciation  of the
said trust estate, unless the same shall happen through
their wilful default or negligence." 
 
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