^ (,,-f ***< o . /£// REPORT / , OF THE PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, WITH A CATALOGUE OF ITS MEMBERS AND GRADUATES. Published by direction of the Board of Trustee: PHILADELPHIA: Merrihew & Thompson, Printers, No. 7 Carter's Alley. 1846. @> It E P 0 R T . The length of time that has elapsed since the organiza- tion of the Philadelphia- College op Pharmacy, and its steadily increasing reputation and usefulness, have placed it among the established institutions in our country for the promotion of science. It has been thought that a succinct account of its origin, objects, and operations, would prove gratifying to the profession, a large number of whose mem- bers in this city are graduates of the institution ; and at the same time would tend to disseminate its benefits, by ex- citing an interest in it, among a class who, from ignorance of its character and history, have failed to avail themselves of them. With such intentions the present notice has been drawn up. Prior to the year 1S21, attention was directed towards, and complaints prevailed with respect to the abuses in the Drug and Apothecary business. To remedy the evils which existed, a proposition was made, on the part of the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, instigated by the representations of one or more of the medical pro- fessors in that school, to grant the degree of Master of Pharmacy to such persons as were recommended as quali- fied to conduct the business of Pharmacy, and had complied with certain requisitions. This proposition was declined by the " Druggists and Apothecaries of the city and liberties of Philadelphia," on the ground that it was " liable to se- rious objections, and inadequate to the attainment of the objects which it had in view ;" and it was determined at a meeting held March 13th, 1821, at the recommendation of a committee to whom the subject had been entrusted, to form 1 REPORT OP THE an independent association. This took the name of College of Apothecaries. From the preamble to the resolution to establish this as- sociation, it appears that the objects proposed to be ac- complished were, to obviate a " departure from the correct customs and established principles of the Drug and Apothe- cary business," to direct attention to the " qualities of arti- cles brought into the drug market:" to secure " the discus- sion of subjects relating to the business," and "communi- cate information beneficial and interesting to the trade," and to create a " school of Pharmacy," in which lectures should be delivered "expressly for the information and instruction of Druggists and Apothecaries." The organization of the college being completed by the election of the proper officers, the draft of a constitution, and the adoption of bye-laws ; in the following year, March 21st, 1822, it was resolved to change the title of the institu- tion to that of College of Pharmacy, and an act of the legislature of Pennsylvania was obtained, bestowing upon it the powers and privileges of an incorporated body. The charter thus obtained dates March 30th, 1822. One of the first special acts of the college, in conformity with the design for which it was established, was the for- mation of a school of Pharmacy. The first courses of lec- tures were delivered in 1821, and they have been continued annually until the present time. From the period when instituted until the spring of the present year, 1S46, two professorships only existed ; one embracing Materia Medica and Pharmacy,the other,Generaland Pharmaceutic Chemist- try. From the success of the school, however, and the obvi- ous desire for increased advantages of education, it has been deemed proper to separate pharmacy from materia medica, and to erect a new chair devoted to instruction in " Phar- macy." During the ensuing season therefore three courses of lectures will be delivered. The degree of Graduate in Pharmacy is the distinction conferred on those who have PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY. 5 merited the honors of the institution, by compliance with the requisites for graduation. In the original organization of the school, the chair of Materia Medica and Pharmacy was allotted to Dr. Samuel Jackson, one of the first and most active members of the college, who filled it until the year 1827, when other and more pressing engagements induced him to resign ; he was subsequently elected to the station of Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in the. University of Pennsylvania. He was succeeded by Dr. Benjamin Ellis, who filled the station with commendable zeal and industry, and with talents that admirably qualified him for its duties, until the year 1831, when the members of the college and the class were called to mourn his death, in the midst of his honor- able and useful pursuits. Dr. Ellis was succeeded by Dr. George B. Wood, who had previously occupied the chair of Chemistry in the col- lege. He continued professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy till the year 1835, when he was called to a field of more extended usefulness, by his election to a similar professorship in the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. R. Egglesfield Griffith was next chosen professor, and lectured until the following year, when he accepted a pro- fessorship in the University of Maryland, and was suc- ceeded by Dr. Joseph Carson, the present occupant of the chair. The chair of Chemistry having been originally occupied by Dr. Gerard Troost, and subsequently by Dr. George B. Wood, in 1831 its duties devolved upon Dr. Franklin Bache, who continued his labors as teacher of that important branch until, in 1841, he was elected to a similar station in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. William R. Fisher, a graduate of the institution, who had been pro- fessor of Chemistry in the University of Maryland, and was extensively known as a skilful and accomplished apothe- cary, was next elected to the station, from which however l# 6 REPORT OF THE he withdrew after a single course of lectures. His death which ensued a short time afterwards, was cause of deep regret to numerous members of the college, to whom he was endeared by long and well tried friendship. Dr. Robert Bridges, the present professor of Chemistry, succeeded Professor Fisher in 1842. Soon after the establishment of the school, Solomon W. Conrad was appointed to lecture upon Botany and Mine- ralogy, in connection with its course of instruction, but it was not found expedient in the then existing state of the col- lege to continue his lectures as a part of the regular course. The establishment of a separate course on Pharmacy, as before stated, is of recent origin. It is under the charge of a graduate of our college, and a practical apothecary of considerable experience, who is already widely known as a writer on chemical and pharmaceutical subjects. During the changes we have noticed, the class has fluc- tuated in numbers according to circumstances, though recently with a steady increase, which warrants the hope that it may at no distant period attain a size better pro- portioned to the numbers engaged in the exercise of our profession, and the advantages to be derived from a thorough and systematic education in the sciences, which are necessary to form the accomplished apothecary. Another object which claimed the attention of the col- lege soon after its establishment was the formation of a Library. To attain this object much outlay was made at the commencement, and a respectable collection of books was the result, which, through the subsequent liberality of the members and friends of the institution, both in dona- tions of money and works from their own collections, now numbers 600 vols. This comprehends works not only on Pharmacy and the sciences which are allied to it, but ex- tends to science generally, the arts and other subjects of in- terest and importance. The library is accessible both to the members and students of the college. PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY. 7 Among the designs of the founders of the college, as stated previously, was that of securing "the discussion of subjects relating to the business," and of communicating "information beneficial and interesting to the trade." In furtherance of these objects, in addition to verbal discussions, from 1821 to 1829 a number of papers were read before the body, and were regarded of sufficient importance to be presented to the public; a journal consisting of four numbers was issued during this period, but appeared at distant and irregular in- tervals. It was then regarded as important to establish a periodical journal, not restricted to original essays, but to combine with them such information pertaining to phar- macy and its kindred sciences, as could be procured from the periodicals and works of the day. The work thus com- menced was called the " Journal of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy." It was continued under this title through six volumes, when in 1835 it was issued by the more comprehensive name of "The American Journal of Pharmacy." Seventeen complete volumes have now appeared, and from the length of time this publication has been in progress it has become a rich repository of infor- mation. " In its pages are to be found valuable communi- cations from our own countrymen, as well as a summary of the researches of foreign investigators. It is a record of the improvements that have been introduced during the period of its continuance." Under the management of the College of Pharmacy, the Journal has been an influential instrument in enabling it to obviate a " departure from the correct customs, and es- tablished principles of the Drug and Apothecary business, and to direct attention, to the qualities of articles brought into the drug market." From a perusal of its contents, it will be found that the morals of the profession have not been disregarded, and the kinds of fraud and deception to which pharmacy is obnoxious, abundantly instanced and freely commented on. It is only to be regretted, that from 8 report of the the limited powers with which the institution is endowed, a personal supervision cannot be exercised, and departures from a correct standard of practice be visited by exposure. During the year 1842, a change was made in the meet- ings of the college, by distinguishing between such as were for general business, and such as should be exclusively de- voted to scientific purposes, called " Pharmaceutical Meet- ings." At the latter, matters of general interest to the pro- fession are discussed, and essays read upon subjects of science, which, if of sufficient importance are afterwards published in the Journal. In the successive revisions of the National Pharma- copoeia the College has always taken a lively interest, and assistance has been afforded to the framers, when solicited. For the benefit of the Pharmacopoeia of 1S40, a thorough revision was effected and a full report drawn up, a large portion of which was embodied in the work. The privi- lege of representation in the next convention will doubtless draw forth an able cooperation in the labour of revision. Having experienced much inconvenience from the re- stricted accommodations of a rented building, in the year 1832 the college erected a hall for its especial accommoda- tion. The building is situated in Zane street above Seventh. It is spacious and airy, possessing ample room for the lec- tures and collections belonging to them, for the library, and for the purposes generally of the institution. The building is 30 feet 9 inches front on Zane street, by 46 feet in depth, and 57 feet high ; it contains four stories, which are accessible by three distinct entrances, and is lighted and ventilated by windows on three sides. PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY. 9 ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE LECTURES FOR THE ENSUING SEASON. The lectures will be held in the hall of the College, Zan street, on the evenings of Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Satur- days, beginning the third week in October, and continuing until the latter end of March, two lectures being delivered each evening. The lectures on Materia Medica will be delivered by Joseph Carson, M. D. This course is devoted exclusively to the consideration of the articles of Vegetable and Animal origin. It comprises an account of the sources from which they are derived, their character, commercial history, chemical composition, and medicinal properties, with the preparations made from them. In connection with the characters of genuine drugs, their adulterations will be exhibited, and the means of detection pointed out. When detailing the sources from which drugs are derived, the Botanical and Zoological description of plants and animals affording them will be given, and' an exposition of the systematic arrangement to which they belong, as also an explanation of the Nomenclature by which they have been designated in our own and other Pharmacopoeias. To render the entire course practical and demonstrative, the lectures will be accompanied with the exhibition of an extensive and complete collection of the substances de- scribed, comprising their varieties, modifications, and falsi- fications ; of a collection of accurate drawings, and a full series of dried specimens of plants both exotic and indi- genous. Where it may be practicable, experiments will be con- ducted in the presence of the class, to show the proximate principles contained in particular articles, the means by which these may be detected or separated, the difference between genuine and spurious articles, and such other che- mical facts as may be interesting or important. 10 REPORT OF THE The lectures on Chemistry will be delivered by Robert Bridges, M. D. In this course, a systematic view of the science and its present condition will be presented to the student. The imponderable substances will first attract attention, and sufficient time be devoted to caloric, to elucidate its laws and practical applications. The ponderable bodies will be introduced by a conside- ration of the reactions of chemical affinity and the laws of chemical combination, with some notice of symbols or chemical notation. Individual elements, under their distinct classes, will be then noticed, and the inorganic combinations resulting from their union will be considered in such relations to them as may facilitate their acquisition by the learner. Every article of any importance will be described and exhibitedboth in the crude and perfect condition, and the processes for their production or formation detailed, and when practicable shown. Commercial impurities (whether of design or acci- dent) will receive their requisite attention, together with the best and easiest modes for detecting and purifying the adulterated articles. Organic chemistry will finally receive its full share of at- tention, and all its compounds, possessing either general or pharmaceutical interest,will be brought under consideration. Illustration by experiment and diagram will be intro- duced wherever they maybe rendered available, to convey a knowledge of the fundamental principles of the science, through every channel for the reception of important truths. The Lectures on Pharmacy will be delivered by William Procter, Jr. This course will commence with the consideration of the elementary operations which are required in the preparation of medicines. They include, for instance, the management of heat, the manipulations in the pro- cesses of pulverizing, dissolving, evaporating, distilling, PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY. 11 crystalizing, etc., which will be illustrated, by appropriate apparatus, or by models and diagrams, the tendency of which will be to familiarize the student with many practical operations, but rarely if at all performed in the ordinary routine of the shop. The second part of the lectures will treat of the collec- tion and desiccation of some drugs, and their selection and preservation generally as a duty of the apothecary, and of the preparation of those remedies which do not fairly come within the influence of chemical action; comprehending the powders, pulps, extracts, tinctures, distilled waters, vo- latile oils, infusions, etc., as well as that extensive but hete- rogeneous list of medicines which are obtained by mixing, as compound powders, confections, pills, troches, cerates, and ointments, and other external remedies. In conduct- ing this part of the course, it is intended to give the student as thorough an insight into the preparation of medicines, as comports with the time afforded; including those which are officinal, and such as have been so far recognized as to be kept ready prepared in the shop. The third portion of the course will relate to the prepara- tion of those chemical remedies, which come within the scope of the apothecary's laboratory, and which may be prepared by himself when desirable; including many me- tallic, saline, and organic substances, the ethereal and am- moniacal products, without reference however to their systematic chemical relations, and it will conclude with some general observations on the duties of the pharmaceutist, bearing especially upon extemporaneous, and toxicological pharmacy. FEES. The matriculation fee is two dollars, payable to the sec- retary of the Board of Trustees, and the price of tickets is eight dollars for each course, payable to the professors re- spectively. The fee for the Diploma is five dollars. Stu- dents who have previously matriculated, and all who are 12 REPORT, ETC. apprenticed to members of the college, are exempt from the matriculation fee, but they must invariably obtain the ma- triculation ticket before the commencement of each course. Graduates and members of the college, and all students who have paid for two full courses of instruction in the college, are admitted to the lectures gratuitously. QUALIFICATIONS FOR GRADUATION. Every person upon whom a diploma of this college shall be conferred, must be of good moral character, must have arrived at the age of twenty-one years, have attended two courses of each of the lectures delivered in the college, or one course in the college, and one course in some other re- spectable school of pharmacy, and have served out an ap- prenticeship of at least four years, with a person or persons qualified to conduct the Drug and Apothecary business ; of which circumstance he must produce sufficient evidence to the Board of Examiners. He shall also be required to produce an original disserta- tion or thesis, upon some subject of the materia medica, pharmacy, chemistry, or one of the branches of science im- mediately connected therewith, which shall be written with neatness and accuracy, and with the evidence of appren- ticeship, be deposited with the senior professor of the school, on or before the twentieth of February, of the ses- sion in which the application shall be made. He must also be recommended in writing by the Committee of Examina- tion and the professors jointly, and if his application be finally approved of by the Board of Trustees, he shall, upon payment of five dollars to the treasurer, receive the diploma of the college. COMMENCEMENTS. Public commencements for conferring degrees upon the candidates who shall have been recommended by the Com- mittee, and approved by the Board, are held at such times as the Board of Trustees may direct. OFFICERS OF THE COLLEGE. President. Daniel B. Smith. Vice Presidents. Charles Ellis. Samuel F. Troth. Secretary. Dillwyn Parrish. Corresponding Secretary. William Hodgson, Jr. Treasurer. Joseph C. Turnpenny. Secretary of the Board of Trustees. Edward Parrish, N. W. corner of Ninth and Chesnut streets. To whom students wishing to matriculate are requested to apply. LIST OF RESIDENT MEMBERS OF THE PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY. ("Daniel B. Smith, - 1821 Warder Morris, - - 1821 Peter Lehman, - - 1821 James W. Simes, - 1821 John P. Wetherill, - 1821 Charles Rizer, - - 1821 Edmund Pry or, - - 1821 George D. Wetherill, - 1821 "c3 ^ Peter Williamson, « 1821 Jacob Bigonet, - - 182] Frederick Klett, - 1821 Frederick Brown, - 1821 Charles Ellis, - - 1821 Thomas Oliver, - - 1821 Alex. Fullerton, jr. - 1821 ^Algernon S. Roberts, - 1821 Joseph Reakirt, - - 1821 Samuel F. Troth, - - 1822 Edward Roberts, - - 1824 Samuel C. Sheppard, - 1825 Elias Durand, - - 1825 Samuel P. Shoemaker, - 1826 John Horn, - - - 1826 Wm. Biddle, . 1826 Charles Schaffer, jr., - 1827 Wm. Hodgson, jr., - - 1828 George B. Wood, M. D. - 1829 John C. Allen, - - 1830 Dillwyn Parrish, - - 1831 Franklin Bache, M. D., - 1831 Franklin R. Smith, - - 1831 Joseph C. Turnpenny, - 1834 [ Thomas H. Powers, - Thomas J. Husband, - John Bringhurst, Samuel Simes, Armon W. Davis. Joseph Carson, M. D., Wm. Wetherill, M. D., Job Jones, James Hopkins, John Wetherill, jr., - George Cuthbert, John C. Lehman, Charles Moyer, Alexander Ardley. Lewellyn S. Haskell, Thomas P. James, Henry W. Worthington, Richard W. Test, Robert Bridges, M. D., John Gilbert, Ambrose Smith, Linnaeus R. Gilliams, Claudius B. Linn, Wm. Procter, jr., Augustine J. L. Duhamel, Robert B. Potts, Paul G. Oliver, J. C De la Cour, John H. Ecky, James L. Elliott, M. D., Edwin Meredith, James V. Machette, - 1834 1834 1834 1835 1836 1836 1837 1837 1837 1837 1837 1837 1837 1837 1837 1838 1838 1839 1839 1839 1839 1839 1840 1840 1840 1841 1841 1841 1841 1841 1842 1842 list of graduates. 15 Henry C. Blair, - 18421 Robert C. Brodie, - 1845 Robert Shoemaker, - - 18431 Samuel N. James, - 1845 Caleb H. Needles, - - i843 Henry W. Gillingham, - 1845 Samuel Wetherill, - 1843 Peter Babb, - 1845 Edward Parrish, - 1843' Jacob R. Taylor, - 1845 John Y. Goodyear, - 1843 J. P. Wilson NeiU, - - 1845 J. Crawford Dawes, - - 1843 Daniel S. Jones, - 1845 Jacob L. Smith; - 1843 Wm. J. Jenks, - 1846 Edward S. Wayne, - - 1844 Alexander F. Hazard, - 1846 Wm. P. Troth, - 1844 John C. Baker, - 1846 Albert S. Letchworth, - 1844 Wallace Marshall, - - 1846 John Harris, M. D.. - 1845 Henry H. Kelly, - 1846 William Ellis, - 1845 Daniel L. Miller, jr., - - 1846 John Reakirt, - 1845 James N. Marks, - 1846 Benjamin I. Ritter, - - 1845 Ellwood Wilson, M. D.; - 1846 Wm. N. Needles, - 1845 CATALOGUE OF THE GRADUATES OF THE COLLEGE, From its Commencement, with the date of their Graduation. Allen, John C. - - 1829 Dingee, Charles H. 1826 Brooks, Joseph H. - - 1829 Dawson, Alexander - 1827 Brooks, Edward - - 1830 Dingee, John Henry 1828 Bringhurst, John - - 1832 Duhamel, Augustine J. L. 1834 Brown, Samuel W. ■ - 1833 Douglass, John Wyeth- 1840 Blair, Henry C. - - 1836 Dawes, J. Crawford 1841 Brooks, Henry - - 1838 Donnelly, Edward 1843 Babb, Peter - - 1842 Davis, Robert C. - - 1844 Baker, Wm. G. - - 1842 Dickson, John 1846 Boyer, Caverly - - 1843 Ellis. William 1834 Brodie, Robert C. - - 1844 Evans, Jonathan, jr. - 1835 Baker, Jacob L. - - 1846 Elliott, James L. 1837 Coggeshall, George D. - 1818 Estlack, Thomas 1844 Chapman, William B. - 1834 England, Robert 1846 Cockburn, James, ji - 1835 Fisher, William R. - 1829 Corse, William H. - - 1840 Guillou Alfred 1834 Carter, William J. ■ - 1842 Goodyear, John Y. - 1837 16 list or graduates. Grotjan, P. Adolphe - - 1842 Procter, William, jr. - - 1837 Hathwell, Charles - 1828 Potts, Robert B. ' - - 1838 Hendry, Charles D. - - 1830 Parrish, Edward - 1842 Hopper, Edward - 1833 Patterson, Robert M. - 1846 Hansford, William P. - 1833 Patrick, George W. - - 1846 Husband, Thomas J. - - 1833 Reeve, Richard M. - - 1832 Hopkins, James, - 1835 Rushton, Richard - 1838 Hoeckly, Benjamin F. - 1837 Ritter, Benjamin I. - - 1840 Hasbrook, William L. - 1837 Sharp, William - 1626 Harris, Thomas W. - - 1838 Scattergood, Joseph - 1829 Hopkins, Thomas C. - 1839 Smith, Franklin R. - ■ 1829 Haines, Thomas, - 1839 Smith, Isaac Jones, - - 1830 Jenks, William J. - 1842 Simes, Samuel - 1833 Jones, Daniel S. - 1843 Smith, Ambrose - 1835 Jones, Joshua S. - 1843 Shreeve, Charles S. - 1835 Kitchen, William K. - - 1835 Simes, John W. jr. - - 1836 Kennedy, Robert J. - - 1837 Simons, Charles Willis - 1833 Knight, William Edwin - 1838 Shinn, Walter - - 1839 Keeny, Caleb H. - 1845 Schively, Wm. H. - 1842 Lee, Clement J. - 1835 Smith, Jacob - 184.3 Linn, Claudius B. - 1838 Scott, Thomas L. - 1846 Letchworth, Albert S. - 1840 Smith, Benjamin R. - - 1846 Leidy, Thomas - 1845 Stoever, Charles F. - - 1846 Lee, Hiram C. - 1846 Turnpenny, Joseph C. - 1833 McCormick, Charles - 1826 Trimble, David - 1834 Moore, Robeson - 1829 Trimble, Joseph - 1834 Martin, Isaac J. - 1835 Thomson, Samuel - 1834 Mitchell, Thomas R. F. - 1837 Tilghman, John H. - - 1834 McKim, Andrew - 1843 Turner, Joseph M. - - 1836 Mitchell, George H. - - 1844 Turnbull, J^awrence - - 1842 McMakin, Joseph A. - 1845 Taylor, Alfred B. - 1844 Needles, Caleb H. - 1841 Welding, Watson J. - 1833 Nichols, Wm. St. Clair - 1844 Worthington, Henry W. - 1838 Needles, William N. - 1845 Woodruff, A. Dickinson - 1838 Olmstead, A.J. - 1835 Wetherill, Samuel - 1842 Ober, Gustavus - 1837 Wentz, Silas H. - 1844 Pleasants, Charles E. - 1829 Wiegand, Thomas S. - 1844 Parrish, Dillwyn - 1830 Webb, Wm. B. - 1845 Powers, Thomas H. - - 1833 Wright, Peter T. - 1846 Procter, Stephen - 1834 Whartenby, John A. - - 1846 Price, Richard - - 1835