Established 1855. 
INFORMATION" CONCERNING 
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE USE OF 
AND 
Dr. Hanbury Smith’s 
Mineral Spring Waters, 
Manufactured by 
H anbury Smith & Hazard, 
No. 35 Union Square, 
NEW YORK. 
1869, Entered according to act cf Congress, in the year. I860, by 
EE. HANBUEY SMITH, in the Clerk’s Office of the Dis- 
trict Court of the United States for the Southern District of 
New York. Established 1855. 
INFORMATION CONCERNING 
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE USE OF 
AND 
Dr. Hanbury Smith’s 
Mineral Spring Waters. 
Manufactured by 
Hanbury Smith & Hazard, 
No. 35 Union Square, 
NEW YORK. 
1869. WI. B. FOLGER, 
PRINTER, 
92 JOHN BTPEET, 
NEW YORK.  SPRING WATERS have been 
known as efficient and popular remedies 
from the earliest ages. So instinctive is 
the confidence reposed in their healing powers, that 
not a spring of any value is discovered which does 
not earn a reputation, at least in its immediate 
neighborhood. 
“ The evidence of antiquity with regard to the efficacy of 
mineral waters, the experience of centuries which confirms 
this efficacy, the universal favor m which they are held 
among all civilized people, notwithstanding the difference 
cf medical theories, sufficiently demonstrate that they are 
of all remedies these of which the reputation is the most 
justly established. Nature bestows these remedies liberally 
upon us in order to invite us to have recourse to them more 
frequently in our diseases.” * 
The remedy is however too often inaccessible to 
the sufferer; so few possess the means, the leisure, 
it may be the strength, to undertake a journey to that 
particular source which alone, perhaps, is suitable to 
the case. A very pressing sense of this difficulty led 
to the invention, it will soon be half a century ago, 
* France contains 692 recognized mineral springs, of 
which 474 are thermal—that is, of a temperature higher than 
the mean annual temperature cf the locality—and 172 are 
chaiybeatc3 ; Germany and Austria more than 2000; Spain 
about 1200; Portugal more than 200; and Tuscany, with 
only 1975 square miles of surface, possesses 221. 4 
DR. IIANBURY SMITH’S 
of a new and valuable art, that of reproducing 
Mineral Spring Waters in the laboratory of the 
chemist. The two men of science, whoso personal 
necessities made them inventors, were Berzelius 
and Steuve. The illustrious Swede organized the 
first establishment in Stockholm, and drank of the 
waters there manufactured, with exactly the same 
effect as the natural had produced on him for a 
quarter of a century. Struve, a German physician, 
whose name is more popularly known in connection 
with artificial mineral waters, took out patents and 
established manufactories in several countries, one 
cf these being the famous “German Spa ” at Brighton, 
in England, whereat, during the season, 7 hot and 
17 cold waters arc furnished to its crowds of pa- 
tients, each ono at the proper temperature of the 
spring; not to mention the many hundred thousand 
bottles which are annually sold. 
It will naturally be observed that the invalid, if 
unable to go to the spring, might still drink of its 
waters exported in bottle; vast quantities are so 
used. Prom a quarter to half a million of bottles 
is a common export from numerous springs of Con- 
tinental Europe. In the case of Vichy and Sellers 
the number exceeds two millions each. 
It is found, however, that most natural waters 
lose very materially by bottling, in spite cf the MINERAL SPRING- WATERS. 
5 
improved methods of filling which have been intro- 
duced ; Kissingen Rakoczi changes in tasto and be- 
comes less aperient. Struve found that only ono 
bottle out of ten of tho exported Eger "Water contained 
a traco of iron; tho case was still worso with Marien- 
bader Kreuz. Tho Fcrdinands-quelle in six weeks 
loses three-fourths of its iron. Pyrmont and Spa 
waters are reduced to tho level of tho poorest chaly- 
beates. Tho thermal waters suffer still greater 
changes and decompositions. ITufcland and others 
have published observations proving that tho medi- 
cinal effects of bottled waters are not merely much 
weakened but considerably changed in character. 
Tho springs themselves are subject to many changes, 
sometimes to serious deterioration; of which latter 
tho Congress Spring at Saratoga is so notorious and 
unfortunate an example. Reliable analyses of Kis- 
singen Rakoczi show a loss of 221 per cent, of min- 
eralizing ingredients from 1830 to 1855, besides a 
change in their relative proportions. Tho medicinal 
properties of tho water have also changed; it is no 
longer so tonic and laxative as it was, but more diur- 
etic. Every spring must vary more or loss in tho 
sum total or relative proportions, or both, of its mine- 
ralizing ingredients; from quantities practically of 
no importance to such damaging changes as above 
quoted of Congress and Kissingen. It is therefore 6 
DR HANBURY SMITH’S 
self-evident that to produce an artificial water pos- 
sessing all the properties winch made those springs 
so famous, the analysis representing the water at its 
best must be followed, if made by a competent analyst, 
not a later analysis representing a much deteriorated 
water, even though that one be made by a Liebig. 
In artificially-prepared waters it is not difficult to 
prevent or indefinitely retard thoso changes which 
the natural undergo in bottle. HANBUEY SMITH’S 
Waters, for instance, will bo found to keep well in 
any climate, to be always the same in composition, 
and to produce precisely the same effects as the 
waters of the spring whose name they boar, at tho 
period of its greatest celebrity. They are made by 
the processes of Berzelius and Struve, with such im- 
provements as the progress of science and art have 
suggested and made possible. They are purposely 
more highly charged with carbonic acid gas than tho 
natural, which not onljr insures their keeping better, 
but renders them pleasanter to tho taste and more 
efficacious as medicines. When the large quantity 
of gas affects the head too much, producing a sort 
of intoxication, by allowing the water to stand un- 
covered in the tumbler, or pouring it from one to 
another a few times, tho superfluous quantity will fly 
off. This extra quantity of gas also alters the taste, 
which, however, becomes again exactly like the MINERAL SPRING WATERS. 
natural when the superfluity has escaped. Their 
excellence, and the confidence in their reliability felt 
by the profession and the public, created the large 
trade in them now carried on m America, and called 
forth a competition not always honest or capable— 
IT ANBURY SMITH’S bottles being filled by other 
parties with inferior articles, and sold as genuine. The 
lack of proper medicinal action and the difference in 
taste, with those accustomed to take the genuine, 
and who are ignorant of the imposition practised on 
them, lead to a suspicion of neglect or mistakes in 
Dr. Smith’s laboratory. With strangei-3 to their use, 
their not producing the expected effect leads to a 
general condemnation of all artificial waters, as being 
inert, valueless, disagreeable, not what they pretend 
to be; in a word—humbug. Thus a double wrong is 
perpetrated; individual—by casting undeserved blame 
and criminally inflicting loss on the honest manufac- 
turer; public—by contracting the sphere of useful- 
ness of and bringing into disrepute a most valuable 
means of alleviating human suffering and restoring 
health. 
The corks of all genuine aro 
branded as per margin. 8 
DR. HANBURY SMITH’S 
In Europe, where tho artificial waters have been 
so long in use, ovidcr oe as to their value has accumu- 
lated to a great extent. A few paragraphs are here 
introduced as specimens. 
Of the success with which the now art has been 
crowned, says Dr Granville, in his “Spas of Germany”: 
‘'•The artificial waters in question are found to contain 
all the qualities and properties, in the most minute degree, 
of their corresponding mineral springs, as well in regard to 
the effect which they produce on the human body, as in 
their chemical composition, taste, and intensity of union.” 
* * * “The testimony of the most celebrated physi- 
cians in Germany—at the head of which X may place 
Kreysig, Clakus, Ammon, and many more—strongly cor- 
roborates my opinion of those waters ; and I was happy to 
find during my last visit to Germany that that opinion has 
been and is gaining ground all over that country.” 
“ On est parvenu a imiter parfaitement, par la 
synthese, les eaux minerales naturelles.”—Nysten. 
Dicte. de Med. de Chir. et de Pharmaeie Art. Eaux 
minerales artificielles. 
Speaking of the great sales of the artificial waters 
from the establishment at Rosenborg near Copenha- 
gen, Prof. Bang says:— 
“ This is partly to be attributed to the increasing experi- 
ence among Danish physicians of the excellence as remedies 
of mineral waters in general, and partly to the conviction en- 
tertained by the great majority of them, that the artificial 
waters, even if not fully equal to the natural drank at the 
spring itself, are yet quite as good and often better than 
the imported.”—On the use of the mineral waters prepared 
at the Rosenborg Spa, Copenhagen, 1 <$44.—Translation. MINERAL SPRING WATERS. 
“ Struve’s imitation of it (Kissingen) which is to he ob- 
tained from the German Spa at Brighton, is found to be 
equally good and efficacious, and the quantity drank both 
at Brighton and London, I have been informed by Mr. 
Schweitzer, has been prodigious.”— Granville, Spas of 
Germany. 
“I saw Struve's process at Dresden, and I have taken 
that made at the Brighton Spa, with all the effect of the 
original and genuine Vu\\n&."—Pilyrimages to the Spas, by 
Ja>■ Johnson, M. D., F R. S., 
'■ As further proofs of the solvent powers of the Carlsbad 
waters it is stated that during their use, encysted tumors 
have disappeared, nasal polypi have spontaneously fallen 
off, that bony prominences diminish, and that fractured 
bones become softened at the point of fracture. Some simi- 
lar effects have also been observed from the use of the artificial 
Carlsbad waters in Struve's establishments."—The Baths of 
Germany, by Edwin Lee. 
“As the process was till lately unknown, the possibility 
of accomplishing the object was denied and continued so 
to be by the uninitiated ; but this denial is only founded on 
false notions of the modus operandi of mineral waters, and 
on mystic speculations about their origin and true nature, 
and is now so entirely rebutted by experience, that establish- 
ments for the preparation and drinking of the artificial 
mineral waters have been set on foot of late years in many 
parts oi Europe, often in the immediate neighborhood of 
the natural sources, have been frequented by a continually 
increasing throng of patients, and proved eminently suc- 
cessful. The experience thus obtained has demonstrated 
that properly prepared mineral waters, not only in their 
external or physical characters—color, taste and smell—but 
also in their chemical composition, so perfectly resemble the 10 
DR. H ANBURY SMITH’S 
natural that the greater number cannot be distinguished 
from them ; that their effects on the human organism are 
the same; and that they cure the came disorders as tho- 
roughly, as quickly, and as ‘permanently. Ths experience 
of the most celebrated, physicians in countries where the 
art and science of medicine has arrived at a high standard 
of cultivation, and which I am in a condition to corroborate 
by numerous observations, sufficiently proves that properly 
prepared mineral waters may replace the natural, perfectly 
and in all respects ; which makes it entirely unnecessary, 
easy as the task would prove, to answer by argument those 
declamations about the formation of mineral waters by 
some process above our comprehension—about their sup- 
posed inherent vitality—their resemblance to organized 
bodies—and about the supernatural character of the under- 
ground caloric, &c., which arc resorted to by the lovers of 
scientific mysticism and its faithful coadjutors, superficial 
knowledge and prejudice, in order to damage the well-earned 
reputation of the artificial mineral waters in the eyes of 
confiding simplicity.”—On the use and effects of the isclcrs 
of Carlsbad, <f-c., by C. W. II. Eonander, If. D., f irst Phy- 
sician to the Seraphim Hospital, Professor of Medicine in 
the Med. Chir. Institute of Stockholm, Sweden, Knight of 
the Order of the North Star, &c., &c.—Translation. 
“ Quelque idee que l’on se fasse d’aillenrs dc l’analogie 
que peuvent presenter entre les cans naturelles et les 
eaux artificielles, on no sauvait se refuser a convenir que 
celles-ci rendent j ournellement de grands services a l’art 
de guerir.”—Soubeiran, Traite de Pharmacie. Tome II. 
The correspondent of the London Med. Times and 
Gazette, under date, Berlin, March 30,18G1, says that 
“In the discussion on the reading of this paper ” (by MINERAL SPRING WATERS. 
11 
Dr. Hellft, before the Medical Society of Berlin, on 
natural and artificial mineral waters), “all the speakers 
agreed that in spite of the improved method of filling 
the natural .mineral ivaters, a decomposition, especially 
of those containing iron, was not to be avoided, and 
that it vjould therefore be better, if a mineral water was 
used at home, to employ the artificial instead of the 
natural oner’ 
Such an opinion, delivered after nearly 4.0 years 
of experience in contrasting the artificial with the 
natural waters, and these latter practically close at 
at hand, by such an authority, must be considered 
conclusive. 
On the same occasion the author of the paper re- 
marked “ that in consequence of the great success of 
Struve’s establishment ” (for the manufacture of artifi- 
cial mineral waters) “a large number of other manu- 
facturers have invested their capital in the same 
trade, and these generally produce very inferior fabri- 
cations. The price of the artificial waters was (is) 
lowered by competition, and now their very cheapness 
suggests the suspicion that they cannot have been carefully 
prepared.” This remark is eminently applicable to 
the manufacture of mineral waters in America. With 
his great facilities and long experience, Dr. Hanbury 
Smith has been able to reduce the price to the lowest 
possible point at which artificial waters can be afforded 12 
DR. IIANBURY SMITH’S 
in this country, if manufactured in the proper manner 
and containing the proper ingredients. Tet the market 
is flooded with low-priced imitations, of a quality 
tending to bring a most useful and indeed important 
manufacture into discredit. 
Rust, tho well-known Prussian surgeon, after allud- 
ing to tho perfection with which Struve’s process imi- 
tates such waters as Carlsbad, says: “But I contend that 
it is in the power of the human intellect to rise above 
these patterns, such as in nature result only from sub- 
terranean revolutions and chemical combinations, and 
to produce mineral waters which should not only be 
more active, but more useful in a larger range of dis- 
orders, and more suitable in individual cases than 
those of tho best springs yet used or discovered.”— 
“ If we have hitherto confined ourselves to imitating 
mineral waters the effects of which are well known, 
and if the physician has commonly prescribed moro 
out of respect to the name than the ingredients of the 
water, it will not always be so.”—“The timo will 
come when he will prescribe, and the laboratory 
furnish, any water that the case may specially require. 
Thereby will be gained a now treasure of therapeu- 
tic means, the beneficial influence of which on science, 
life and health, one cannot reckon; and why should 
mineral waters be an exception in the ordinary prac- 
tice of physic ? Why should the patient be confined MINERAL SPRING WATERS. 
13 
to one remedy previously compounded according to 
an unvarying recipe, instead of following a prescrip- 
tion specially suited to the occasion ? ” 
In addition it maybe urged that the new art affords 
the physician an invaluable opportunity of first trying 
the effects of a given water before he sends his pa- 
tient on a long, expensive, and without such experi- 
ment, perhaps fruitless journey. Should one water 
not agree, another may be tried according to the spe- 
cial indications in each case. 
Says Rust againJfany sick who had already tried 
different springs, one after another, I have cured hyprescrib- 
ing combinations of waters. One of them comes every year 
f rom St. Petersburgh to Berlin, to use the artificial waters c.t 
the Soltman Establishment, prescribed in combination accord- 
ing to circumstances, u-hereby for at least the ensuing year 
he is freed from a troublesome disorder, for ichich previous 
visits to the natural springs of Carlsbad, Marienbad, Egra 
andEms had brought no relief 
Not the least among the many advantages of such 
an establishment is the opportunity afforded to tlio phy- 
sician to study the use and mode of action of mineral 
waters in general; to add to his store both of knowl- 
edge and of medicines; offering a vast field for research, 
probable relief in a majority of chronic curable dis- 
orders, and leading to a more purely practical and sci- 
entific valuation of the efficacjr of a large class of 
therapeutic agents, hitherto but partially taken up out 
of the field of popular and even professional empiricism. 14 
DR. HANBURY SMITH’S 
Mineral waters have lately attracted so largo a share 
of public attention, that there seems to be a market, 
for a time at least, for almost anything going by that 
name, including natural waters almost chemically 
pure—that is, remarkable for the absence of everything 
that constitutes a mineral water—and waters claiming 
the most wonderful properties because of the asserted 
presence of some unknown but necessarily minute por- 
tion of lithia, arsenic or what not. It is best to look 
with suspicion on any water much advertised, if an 
analysis of the same by a competent authority be not 
simultaneously published. Not but what the very 
pure water of one of the springs now or lately very 
popular would be likely to produce some useful effect 
as a simple diluent and diuretic if taken in sufficient 
quantity; but it is most probable that tho wonderful 
cures attributed to its use exclusively, are simply de- 
lusions—errors of observation and diagnosis. 
Frequent inquiry is made for powders or salts with 
which to make Kissingen, Vichy or some other water 
after the fashion of Seidlitz powders. It ought to be 
distinctly understood that this is simply impossible, 
and that what is sold as such will not produce what 
is pretended of them, nor anything approaching in 
composition tho waters whose name they borrow. 
Even the salts actually made from the waters do not 
bear the faintest resemblance to the waters from MINERAL SPRING-’ WATE RS. 
15 
which they were made, the process of evaporation 
decomposing and precipitating the metallic and earthy 
salts. Thus Vichy powders are a simple carbonate 
of soda, Carlsbad salt a mixture of carbonate and 
sulphate, and so on of the rest. 
GENERAL INDICATIONS FOR THE USE OF 
MINERAL SPRING WATERS. 
The use of mineral waters is indicated in almost 
all cases of chronic curable disease, especially if ob- 
stinate and resisting ordinary medication. Also in 
all anomalous forms of curablo disease; in which 
cases the waters commonly cause the disease first to 
assume its normal form, when its euro, is likely soon 
to follow. 
Except in very small quantities, and under fully 
competent medical advice, mineral waters are positively 
forbidden in all malignant diseases. This may bo 
called the first axiom m hydrology, and completely 
disposes of all cancer cases. In true cancer, the fatal 
end is all the sooner brought about by the use of 
mineral waters, often with frightful rapidity. In 
cases sometimes mistaken for cancer, even by skillful 
surgeons, the cure of the case by mineral waters de- 
cides at once that it was not cancer. DR. H1XBURY SMITH’S 
On the other hand, chronic non-malignant maladies, 
however rebellious they may have proved to ordinary 
medicine, cannot be justly termed incurable till mine- 
ral waters have been thoroughly tried under the best 
advice. This is axiom the second. 
Intercurrent or accidental complications of some 
incurable diseases may be much benefitted by a cau- 
tious use of mineral waters, as in some cases of 
phthisis pulmonalis; and cases of pulmonary follow- 
ing the suppression of skin disease are rarely cured 
except by mineral water treatment. 
In the diatheses, that is the developed constitutional 
tendency to diseases, provided these be curable, as 
scrofula, skin, liver and hemorrhoidal complaints, 
gout, rheumatism, &c., mineral waters are probably 
the most thoroughly curative agents known, some- 
times totally removing the morbid diatheses and 
restoring the patient to a normal healthy condition. 
The same is true of the cachexias and texfemias 
or blood poisonings, in both of which the blood has 
undergone serious changes for the worse—in the 
former case, proceeding from within and accompany- 
ing or produced by certain diseases, as chlor-ansemia; 
in the latter, due to poison imbibed or acquired from 
without, as chronic alcoholic or metallic poisoning, &c. 
The worst cases of poverty of blood are often cured 
by chalybeate and chloride of sodium waters, after MINERAL SPRING- WATERS. 
17 
resisting all other treatment. The same may be said 
of obstinate relapsing agues, regular and irregular, 
and of protracted convalescence from serious acci- 
dents, shocks, operations and diseases. 
In that host of ailments whero the patient suffers 
some undefined malaise of body or mind, not referable 
to any morbid condition or functional disturbance 
that can be diagnosed, yet embittering life by con- 
stantly reminding him that ho is not well, mineral 
waters sometimes cure as alteratives, sometimes 
develop some latent disorder, which in its nor- 
mal form is then easily cured. These cases are 
generally remarkable because they are only aggra- 
vated by all ordinary treatment, and if allowed to 
continue often lead to profound depression of spirits 
or truo hypochondria. 
It should be borne in mind, also, that diseases 
which have resisted a fair trial of many natural waters, 
with all the advantages of the visits to the springs 
themselves, have been cured at home by artificial 
waters, taken in combination or varied as the exigen- 
cies of the case may require. 
During the exacerbations or active periods of 
chronic diseases, mineral waters should bo very 
sparingly used, or they will intensify the morbid 
action. Skillful treatment may carry this intensifica- 
tion exactly to the desirable point, but no general 18 
DR. HANBURY SMITH’S 
rules can be laid down. In all periodical or paroxys- 
mal disorders, mineral waters should be only used 
in any quantity at periods as far removed as pos- 
sible from attacks experienced or expected. 
RULES FOR THE USE OF MINERAL WATERS. 
The best time of the year to use mineral waters 
must be decided by circumstances. The height of a hot 
summer or the depth of a cold winter are certainly 
not the best times. The portions of the year during 
which the patient can most enjoy moderate exercise 
in the open air are unquestionably the most proper 
times during which to carry out an effective course 
of treatment. But in a less active way mineral 
waters may be most advantageously employed in all 
seasons. 
The best time of the day for drinking is the 
morning, the earlier the better. In the morning 
the body is refreshed by rest, the mind tranquil, the 
stomach empty, and the quantity of fluid in the 
system being diminished, the water is more easily 
tolerated, digested and absot bed. At least a quarter 
of an hour should elapse between each glass, and 
from twenty minutes fo half an hour or mote 
between the last glass and breakfast. 
The waters may be taken on an empty stomach MINERAL SPRING WATERS. 
19 
at any other period of the day. half an hour before 
the latest meal, or before going to bed. 
When requisite to relieve acidity of stomach, an 
alkaline water like Vichy may be taken so soon after 
meals as the acidity is remarked ; and in some cases 
where iron waters taken on an empty stomach pro- 
duce headache, they do not do so if taken with or 
immediately after a meal. 
Mineral waters should not be taken too cold. 
Though less agreeable, they are vastly more effica- 
cious in the majority of cases when warm or tepid. 
At most cold springs in Europe, means are taken to 
raise the temperature to the degree which experi- 
ence has shown to be the best for each class of cases. 
This is generally effected by the addition of some 
of the natural water kept hot for the purpose, warm 
milk or .whev. 
All persons using mineral waters should dress 
warmly. 
The diet should be simple and easy of digestion. 
The appetite is generally stimulated by the use of 
the waters, but should be restrained within moder- 
ate bounds. In more serious cases, requiring a 
regular course of treatment, salt and smoked articles 
of diet must be avoided. Where there is great ten- 
dency to obesity, farinaceous food like rice and 
potatoes should be very sparingly indulged in. In 
these cases, and in all where the digestive organs 
are implicated, much gentle exercise in the open air 20 
DR. HANBURY SMITH’S 
is of the first importance. May, June, September 
and October will be the months when the most im- 
provement may be expected in such cases, while 
complaints, for the cure of which an abundant excre- 
tive action of the skin is desirable, such as chronic 
rheumatism, gout, catarrh of the respiratory mucous 
membrane, <fcc., are more amenable to treatment 
during the hotter summer months. During the 
winter months Russian and Turkish baths are pow- 
erful adjuvants to the mineral waters, particularly 
in obstinate rheumatic cases, sciatica, neuralgia and 
calarrh. 
At most of the German springs, all sorts of addi- 
tions are made to the natural waters. To mix one- 
third or one-half of warm milk or whey is much in 
vogue, especially in cases of pulmonary disorder. 
A quantity of the natural water is also 'kept hot 
to mix with that fresh drawn from the spring, for 
the purpose of raising its temperature, when this is 
too low for the particular case. Of course the water 
is generally much changed in composition by this 
process of heating. The "waters of different springs 
are also thus mixed, and the salt prepared by evapo- 
rating the v/aters of Carlsbad, consisting only of 
sulphate and carbonate of soda, is added by the 
teaspoonful, not only at Carlsbad but at other Spas 
also. This system of adding and mixing may, of 
course, be abused, and interferes with exact obser- 
vations on the effects of the water pure and simple. MINERAL SPRING WATERS. 
21 
But if the patient has discovered that some par- 
ticular mixture suits his case better than any un- 
mixed water, he certainly would be very silly to 
abandon his proceeding because told that the two 
waters he had mixed were of entirely different 
character. Suppose they are: the most valuable 
medicines have resulted from mixtures of things 
chemically incompatible. When, therefore, a patient 
having first tried Kissingen then Yichy without ad- 
vantage, found himself rapidly cured of his rheu- 
matism by taking the two mixed; and numbers of 
respectable persons in the same predicament, profit- 
ing by his experiment, follow his example with equal 
success; to call these, people of vulgar habits, is 
simply a piece of pedantic impertinence. 
The addition of Kissingen to Carlsbad prevents the 
debilitating effects of that extraordinary water, with- 
out interfering with its solvent powers, and makes it 
more laxative. A pure chalybeate, like Pyrmont or 
Spa, may be added to any other water deficient in 
iron. Finally some waters proving at first a little 
too strong to agree well with the stomach, may 
very properly be diluted with simple carbonic acid 
or even common drinking water. 
The glasses or beakers used in Europe are much 
smaller than our half-pint tumblers, one of the latter 
being the common, two being ordinarily an ample dose 
in almost any case. Experience and professional ad- 
vice must govern the employment of larger quantities. DR. HANBURY SMITH’S 
22 
KISSINGEN 
Is a small town in Bavaria, on the river Saale, 
about 800 feet above the sea-level, easily reached 
from Frankfort-on-the-Main or from Munich. The 
climate is good and the situation very healthy. 
There are five springs, but the one called Rakoczy 
is the one always referred to in these pages. More 
than 300,000 bottles of the water of this spring are 
annually exported. “ Its taste is agreeable, al- 
though somewhat bitter, salt, and above all ferru- 
ginous.”—Eoturcau — [Traxslation.] 
Compare Hanbury Smith's artificial water with 
this description. All other authors agree with 
Rotureau in this as well as regarding the difference 
iu the taste during storms, high winds or floods, 
and when the atmosphere is calm and the weather 
warm. 
Kissingen water is emphatically tonic and aperient; 
increasing also the cutaneous and urinary secretions. 
It is alterative and solvent; under its use obesity 
subsides. In one case the use of Dr. Smith’s artifi- 
cial water, in the very moderate dose of one pint a 
day, removed 10 pounds of superfluous fat in four 
months, without any unpleasant action or great re- 
striction in diet. Its most remarkable property, 
however, is that of relieving congestions of the por- 
tal system, hypermmia of the liver, abdominal ple- 
thora, and all the tribe of disorders connected with 
or dependent on these disturbed conditions of the MINERAL SPRING WATERS. 
circulation in the organs concerned in digestion and 
excretion. 
An exception must be made in the case of hyper- 
semia of the liver arising from muscular or valvular 
affections of the heart or pulmonary disease, though 
even in such cases much alleviation may be expected 
from a careful use of the waters. 
Jaundice, from catarrh of the duodenum or emo- 
tional excitement, is nearly always radically cured. 
Gall-Stones are discharged during the free use of 
Kissingen, and the jaundice due to their presence 
disappears. 
Simple induration and enlargement of the liver 
are cured, and cases of fatty degeneration improved 
if noT too far gone. 
Tumors of the spleen, due to malarial poisoning 
or suppressed haemorrhoids, are often cured by 
Kissingen; but if there is marked anaemia, saline 
chalybeates should follow its employment. 
Most cases of piles are susceptible of easy cure by 
the use of Kissingen. Even in the most obstinate 
and severe cases, with fistula or painful fissure, great 
relief is afforded, and the patient is brought into a 
condition much more favorable to the success of the 
surgical treatment necessary to a radical cure. 
As this water excites the secretions of the intes- 
tines, kidneys and skin, reduces habitual plethora, 
and promotes a healthy metamorphosis of matter, it 
is very useful in regular gout, preventing paroxysms. 24 
DR. IIANBURY SMITH’S 
In irregular gout, on the other hand, -where the 
patient suffers from abdominal plethora, loss of 
appetite, hypochondriasis, sleeplessness, vertigo, 
<fec., the waters have the effect of increasing the 
severity of the symptoms at first, when a paroxysm 
of regular gout occurs, only lasting a week or two 
however; after which the patient improves rapidly. 
In dyspepsia, from chronic catarrh of the stomach, 
liver disease, abuse of intoxicating liquors or defi- 
cient secretion of gastric juice, from sedentary habits 
or other causes, the Rakoc.fi is remarkably effective. 
In obstinate constipation, combined with the Bitter 
Kissingen, it seldom fails to cure. 
In chronic diarrhoea, small doses of Rakoczi, from 
three to six times a day, are often successful when 
remedies apparently more powerful have failed. 
In diabetes connected with abdominal plethora 
and congestion of the liver, great relief, or, when 
not too far advanced, absolute cure may be expected. 
It should not be prescribed, however, where phthi- 
sis or disease of the brain accompany it. 
During a free use of Kissingen, gravel is abun- 
dantly discharged, and the affections of bladder and 
kidneys connected with it relieved. In the chronic 
form of Bright's disease complete cures have been 
effected. 
A number of female complaints are susceptible of 
cure or relief, especially amenorrhcea and dysmen- 
orrheea. MINERAL SPRING WATERS. 
In the milder forms of chlorosis and ancemia, Ivis- 
singen is very useful, but if the poverty of blood is 
extreme, Pyrmont or some equally active pure cha- 
lybeate is more suitable. 
The disordered condition of the system showing 
itself in recurring boils, fclor.s, ivhitloes, ill-conditioned 
festering sores, &c., is entirely removed by this 
water, and these painful affections trouble no more. 
In more obstinate cases of recurring felons and 
whitloes, the use of quinine along with the water 
is indicated. 
In protracted convalescence from choleraic attacks, 
typhoid fever, wounds, operations and accidents, no 
remedy exceeds, few equal the Ivissingen in value. 
Hysteria accompanied with disturbances of nutri- 
tion, indigestion, and cardialgic symptoms, and 
hypochondriasis due to disturbed portal and abdomi- 
nal venous circulation, may expect great relief or 
cure. 
The same is true of chronic catarrh in gouty or 
hemorrhoidal subjects, also of one form of asthma 
in the same class of patients. Even in cases of con- 
sumption where there are hemorrhoids, indigestion, 
hypochondriasis, bronchial catarrh, &.c., the appetite 
is re-established, digestion and nutrition are im- 
proved, sleep restored and the mind tranquillized. 
Exzema, herpes, acne and other shin diseases find 
a cure in Kissingen. 
Many diseases of the organs of special sense, chronic DR. IIANBURY SMITH’S 
conjunctivitis, ulceration of the cornea, congestion 
and inflammation of the choroid, &c., rendered per- 
sistent or incurable by the often-quoted suppressed 
hoemorrhoids, portal congestion and abdominal ple- 
thora, become easily curable or get well of them- 
selves, when these disordered conditions of the blood- 
making viscera are corrected by the use of Kissingen. 
The scrofulous diathesis is most favorably modified 
by a prolonged administration of Kissingen; in fact 
may be thus entirely eradicated. Many local disor- 
ders, of eyes, glands, skin, mucous membranes, <fcc., 
previously rebellious to treatment, easily yield fo 
ordinary treatment after such modification of the 
habit. 
As a remedy for worms its efficacy is established. 
In the case of tapeworm it may be rarely necessary 
to give a moderate dose of extract of male fern or 
other specific anthelmintic, if a few weeks use of 
the water do not expel the parasite. 
In chronic poisoning by metals, as mercury or arse- 
nic, or by alcohol, &e., the Kissingen is nearly equal 
to Carlsbad, in the latter case preferable. 
Recurring sick headache and neuraIgias depending 
on the congestive states already alluded to, are cured 
by Kissingen. 
This water is of remarkable service where abuse of 
spirituous liquors begins to tell on the appetite in the 
morning, creating nausea, gastralgia, <fcc. To obtain 
relief more alcohol is usually taken. If a glass of MINERAL SPRING WATERS. 
Kissingen were substituted for tlie morning dram or 
bitters, the distressing physical symptoms would be 
at once removed, and appetite return. Could the 
slave of alcohol then be persuaded to repeat the 
dose of mineral water whenever the physical craving 
was felt, returning health and strength of body 
would make it comparatively very easy for him to 
break the bonds of a degrading habit. Some very 
remarkable cures of habitual drinking to excess 
have thus been accomplished. 
General directions as to dose, Ac., have already 
been given under the head “Rules for the use of 
mineral waters.” 
As a rule, it may be said of the Kissingen, that if 
it purges, too much is taken; if it constipates, too 
little. When it is desirable to act more freely on 
the bowels, when constipation is obstinate and ha- 
bitual, or there is fullness of blood and depletion is 
needful, it is best to begin with one or two glasses 
of the Ritter Kissingen, sufficient to move the 
bowels freely so long as thought necessary, and 
then go on with the Rakoczi. In cases where the 
tonic effect is more desirable than the laxative, a 
glass may be taken (not too cold) before breakfast, 
at noon, and at bedtime, being careful to drink 
slowly. 28 
DR. II ANBURY SMITH’S 
HOMBURG 
Is a small town near to and north of Frankfort- 
on-the-Main, is situated at the eastern end of the 
Taunus Mountains, 19 hours by rail from Paris, is 
481 feet above the sea-level, with a healthy climate. 
Of the four springs, the Elizabeth is the one al- 
luded to in these remarks. 
The water of this spring is a strong muriated 
chalybeate, Avitli a composition somewhat parallel 
with the Rakoczy of Kissingen when in its palmy 
days, though stronger and much more stimulating. 
The taste is salt at first, disagreeably bitter and fer- 
ruginous, but being exceedingly rich in carbonic 
acid gas—the most so indeed of all the German 
springs—one soon learns to swallow it Avitliout re- 
pugnance, even in large quantities. Like all the 
stronger muriated waters, a small quantity consti- 
pates: a larger, purges. Taken in a sufficient dose 
to act on the bowels it occasions a notable increase 
of appetite and ease of digestion. Taken more freely 
it is very apt to bring on a hemorrhoidal attack, 
especially in persons subject to such affections. 
Like Kissingen it stimulates and augments the men- 
strualflow; and like that water it produces or redu- 
ces embonpoint, according to the mode of its employ- 
ment and the temperament of the patient. 
Taken in very small doses, a wineglassful or two, 
three to five times a day, it cures chronic diarrhxas, 
even when associated Avith and kept up by chronic 
inflammation of the colonic mucous membrane. MINERAL SPRING WATERS. 
29 
In dyspepsias where the secretions of the stomach 
and bowels are much disordered, the Elizabeth, in 
rather larger doses, may be taken with confidence. 
Where constipation is obstinate, Avithout other 
appreciable disorder, its use in a sufficient dose to 
operate should be continued a long time, until a 
steady daily action has been produced, when it may 
be gradually abandoned; recurring again to its use 
whenever a relapse is threatened, or taking a milder 
Avater like Iiissingen, until a healthy habit is restor- 
ed and made permanent. 
When any disorder can bo traced to the suppres- 
sion of hemorrhoids, the use of the Homburg Avater 
speedily restores the accustomed flux Avith corres- 
ponding relict to the secondary disorder. 
Obese persons, of lymphatic temperament, by using 
this Avater in purgative doses, may soon get rid ol 
their superfluous fat without any weakening of the 
system; on the contrary, with marked improvement 
of tone and general health. 
Homburg has been found peculiarly useful to 
persons of mature or more than middle age. who 
are convalescing slowly from typhus or other ex- 
hausting disease. 
Experience has also shown it to be adapted to 
the removal of a general scrofulous diathesis, to the 
relief of mesenteric scrofula with emaciation, ulce- 
ration of the subcutaneous glands, scrofulous opthal- 
mia and otorrhoea. It i3 contra-indicated in florid 
erithric scrofula. 30 
DR. IIANBURY SMITH’S 
Iii eases of worms it acts like Kissingen. 
Abdominal plethora, with congestion of the portal 
system ami some of its consequences, dyspepsia, 
flatulence, irregular stools, colic, headache, mental 
depression, occasional pains in the back, fullness of 
the abdomen, epigastric pulsation, <fec., sometimes re- 
lieved by discharge of blood from the hoomorrlioidal 
vessels, but sure to return after such temporary alle- 
viation, finds a certain cure in the Homburg water. 
By the same remedy, and with equal certainly, 
may be relieved those uterine and vesical disorders 
dependent on or actually induced by this same 
abdominal venous congestion. 
Chlorosis will be cured in like manner after it has 
resisted the pure chalybeate treatment. This is 
because the muriates of soda, lime and magnesia 
remove all local abdominal obstructions, and rcslore 
vigor to the digestive organs. 
In fine, most of the remarks on the use of Kissin- 
gen R. are applicable to Homburg E., save that the 
latter cannot be taken with so much impunity as 
the former, being so much more irritating and stim- 
ulating; on which very account, however, it is to 
by preferred for lymphatic and hypochondriac sub- 
jects. 
Kote.—By drinking slowly and at a tepid tempe- 
rature, one or at most two glasses, the E. proves 
powerfully diuretic and eliminating. MINERAL SPRING WATERS. 
31 
BITTER WATERS. 
Frederickshall, Kissingen, Ivanda, Pulina, &c. 
The bitter taste which gives a generic name to these 
waters is due to the muriate of magnesia, and the 
sulphates of magnesia and soda, which they contain 
in large proportions. 
They are almost exclusively used as laxatives in 
very obstinate cases of constipation, especially with 
torpor of the liver and abdominal plethora; as 
cooling purgatives and derivatives in febrile states, 
and, in order to gain time, as preparatory to courses 
of other waters. 
The Kissingen is the best where it is desirable to 
continue its use for some time, as its large propor- 
tion of muriate of soda prevents the debility apt 
to follow a too free use of some others. 
Ivanda is a sulphate of soda water, very much in 
vogue and increasing in favor in Europe. It is the 
most cooling, depletive, and least disagreeable of 
the class. It powerfully provokes biliary secretion, 
and if less pleasant is no comparison more advisable 
as a purgative than the citrate of magnesia, which 
is apt to weaken the digestive organs and debilitate 
the system. In very small doses three times a day, 
not sufficient to purge, it is much recommended in 
impetiginous affections. 32 
DR. IIANBURY SMITH’S 
Vichy is in central France, about 216 miles nearly 
due south from Paris, by railroad. Elevation above 
the sea-level about 791 feet. Water strong bicar- 
bonate of soda. 
The waters of nearly all the numerous springs at 
Vichy are strongly alcaline, some, however, contain- 
ing no inconsiderable portion of iron. Properly 
employed they have, in most cases, but little sensible 
or disturbing effect; and many are of opinion that 
the best curative results are obtained in proportion 
to the absence of physiological action. When the 
water purges, which it more seldom does, or proves 
eminently diuretic, this effect is to be attributed to 
the injestion of too large a quantity, or to the influ- 
ence of season. Ko diuretic effect beyond that to 
be expected from the quantity of fluid swallowed 
should be looted for, and its action on the skin 
should be gently and gradually developed. 
One of the most remarkable effects of Vichy is 
the improvement or restoration of impaired digestive 
functions, increase of appetite and improved tone. 
Dyspepsia is therefore the special field for the use 
of these waters; but dyspepsia, as a symptom of 
other diseases, must not be treated by them unless 
the primary disease is also susceptible of cure or 
improvement by the same medication. Dyspepsia 
caused by or accompanying catarrh of the stomach 
is better treated with Ivissingen, but dyspepsia with 
VICHY. MINERAL SPRING WATERS. 
sour stomach, -with constipation, loss of appetite, 
slowness of digestion, vertigo, weariness, sleepiness, 
or weakness during its progress (from the mildest 
derangement to the most pronounced cachexia con- 
sequent on its long continuance), may be entirely 
removed by the use of Vichy. 
It is not so serviceable in gastralgia; and in gene- 
ral only very -weak waters should be used in such 
cases. The paroxysmal form, however, known as 
cramps in the stomach, is almost invariably cured, 
provided the water is taken in the intervals only, 
and at periods as far removed from past or expected 
paroxysms as possible. 
Disorders of the intestines are not so much benetitted 
by Vichy as .rose of the stomach. In one form of 
chronic enteritis, however, characterized by colics, 
a tender point generally in the course of the colon, 
glairy or pseudo-membranous diarrhoea, alternating 
with constipation, painful digestion with tendency 
to diarrhoea, and general debility, the water has an 
excellent effect. 
In biliary calculus and bilious colic it has a deser- 
Aredly high reputation. It tends to regulate the 
flow of bile, whether there are periodical fluxes or 
insufficient secretion, and restores its healthy char- 
acter. In simple congestion of the liver it is of much 
service, so long as there is no abdominal plethora or 
portal trouble, in which case Kissingen or Homburg 
is indicated. DR. IIANBURY SMITH’S 
34 
The waters of Vichy are employed with success 
in gravel, whether uric acid or phosphatie. When 
not accompanied by severe attacks of nephritic 
colic, the water should be used very freely—four or 
six glasses a day—and be continued a long time. 
But where nephritic colics occur at sufficiently dis- 
tant intervals, it should be taken in more moderate 
doses, and never too soon after an acute attack. 
If the intervals between the attacks are short, Con- 
trexeville is more suitable than Vichy. 
The gouty diathesis is favorably modified by 
Vichy, but the YTaters should be used with caution, 
under medical advice, and at periods as far removed 
as convenient from an acute attack—past or to be 
expected—in which case a favorable result may be 
looked for with certainty. The attacks grow less 
and less severe and the intervals between them 
longer. Repeated courses of Vichy sometimes pre- 
vent an attack for very long periods, with the excep- 
tion, in some cases, of mild abortive threatenings. 
The excessive use of the water should be instantly 
suspended on the occurrence of a severe or unusual 
form of this painful disease, and only a couple of 
glasses a day, or better still, the same quantity in 
wineglassfuls at short intervals, be allowed. 
As Vichy water restores the impaired functions 
of stomach, skin and kidneys, it modifies very favor- 
ably the rheumatic diathesis as well as the gouty. MINERAL SPRING WATERS. 
35 
In the first stage of diabetes mellitus, the produc- 
tion of sugar is always arrested by the proper use of 
Vichy, and though liable to return, the quantity 
excreted during the relapse is diminished. Many 
cases thus treated are unquestionably cured, and 
such cures have been observed also to follow the 
use of the Rakoczy water, and the thermal waters 
of Carlsbad. Even in the second stage, when all 
hopes of cure must be abandoned, these alkaline 
waters restrain the production of glucose. 
PETERSTEAL is singularly efficacious in dyspep- 
sia with gastralgia, &c 
RODS'A is a very remarkable water, containing 
besides as much soda ns Vichy, the carbonates of 
lime and magnesia in large proportions, sulphate of 
soda, chloride of sodium, iron and manganese; the 
latter in unusual quantities. It is indicated in the 
same cases as Vichy, and is powerfully tonic as well 
as alcaline. 
MARIENBAD combines the leading salts of 
Vichy, Spa and Ivanda, namely carbonate of soda, 
iron, and sulphate of soda. It is a valuable and 
very agreeable antacid, tonic and laxative, though 
being comparatively feebly mineralized, requires to 
be taken in larger doses than those waters. ANALYSES. 
Grains of Anhydrous Saltsin one pint; round numbers. 
HOMBURG (Elizabeth). Clilor: Sodium 79, Carb: 
Lime ll,CIilor: Magn: 7, Chior: Calcium 7, Carb: Magnes: 
2, Proto-Carb: Iron %, Ac. 
KISSINGEN (Rakoczt). Chalybcate-magnesian-com- 
mon-salt. Chloride of Sodium 02, Chior: Magnesium 7, 
Carb: Magnesia 2>£, Carb: Lime 3%, Proto-Carb: Iron 
8-10, Ac. 
YICHY (Gband Grills). Simply Alcaline. Carbonate 
of Soda 29, Chior: Sodium 4, Sulp: Soda 2, Carb: Lime 2, &c. 
POLYA. Carb: Soda 25, Carb: Lime 11, Clilor: Sodium 
7, Carb: Magnes: 5, Proto-Carb: Iron nearly 1, Pr: Carb: 
Manganese Ac. 
PYEMONT (Trinkquelle). Pure Chalybeate. Carbon- 
ate of Lime 6, Sulp: Soda 2, Sulp: Magnesia 2%, Sulp: 
Lime 7, Proto-Carb: Iron }£, Ac. 
SPA (Poukon). Pure Chalybeate. Carbonates of Mag- 
nesia-Lime and Soda 8, Iron 4-10, Ac. 
MABIENBAD (Kreuz). Alkaline-glauber-salt. Sulph- 
ate of Soda 38, Chior: Sodium 13, Carb. Soda 7, Carb: Lime 
4, Carb: Magnesia 8, Iron, Manganese, &c. 
HEILBRUNN (Adeliieidsqcelle). Brom-lodurelted- 
alcaline-common-salt. Chior: Sodium 37, Carb: Soda 0, 
Brom: Sodium >1, Iod: Sodium Alumina, Iron, &c. 
KISSINGEN (Bitteh-Watek). Powerf ully laxative. 
Sulph: Soda 57, Sulp: Magnesia 50, Chior: Sodium 70, 
Chior Magnesium 38, Ac. 
FEIEDKICnSHALL. Sulph: Soda 40, Snip: Magn: 30, 
Chior: Sodium 01, Chior: Magn: 30, Sulph: Lime 10, Ac. 
PULLNA. Sulph: Soda 124, Sulph: Magn: 93, Chior: 
Sodium 10,. Carb: Magn: 0, Sulph: Pot: 5, Ac. 
I YARD A. Sulph: Soda 117, Sulph: Lime 20, Chior: 
Magnes: 14, Nitrate Magn: 3, Ac. 
PETEPSTHAL. Carb: Lime 11, Sulph: Soda 0, Carb: 
Magnes: 8|, Chior: and Carb: Sodium, Iron, Lithia, Ac.