POND'S 
iipwl ll|l|H|t»||* 
“ Simple. F>actic,<l, Easy of -Adjustment, Delicacy of Record, Exactness of Result, 
■Meeting the requirements of the Physician in his daily practice.” 
MAlTXTFiiCTIJRED 33"2T 
W9smm mwm 
RUTLAND, VT. 
Tattle & Co., Printers, Rutland, Vt, 2 
(Readbefore the Richmond County Medical Society, July 11,1877, by Alfred L. 
Carroll, M. D., President of the Society.) 
The importance of instrumental aids in physical diagnosis consists in their giving 
us a registrable measurement of the degree of departure from a known standard of 
healthy action. Without them the information gained by the best educated senses 
is to a great extent guesswork. We can easily, by touch alone, ascertain that a 
patient has a “high fever,” oris “ a little feverish,” but the thermometer only 
can tell us the amount and portent of the pyrexia. So, with regard to signs derived 
from the circulatory apparatus, the practised finger can detect the marked peculi- 
arities of a pulse that is “hard,” or “soft,” or “quick,” or “ wiry,” or “ irregular; ” 
but as to the quantitative estimation of these and other deviations it teaches little. 
Here the sphyg nograph comes to our assistance, giving its visible delineation of 
the phenomena which we partly know, and showing us others which we could not 
discover in its absence ; just as the thermometer indicates minor alterations of 
temperature inappreciable by the unaided senses. 
To find the true clinical place of the sphygmograph, we must guard against an 
over-estimate of its pretensions, bearing in mind that, like other instruments of 
medical inquiry, it is but an aid, not an all-sufficient means of diagnosis; that it 
records rather the extent than the precise nature of a morbid process. But, with 
this limitation, its tracings, taken in connection with other sources of information, 
will often prove of the highest value, and sometimes afford the earliest indications 
of disease which we should otherwise have overlooked. 
It is, of course, first necessary to know the character and significance of the 
typical pulse-tracing of health, and the 'modifications of this under physiological 
conditions. The curves of the tracing, it must be remembered, represent simply 
the perpendicular rise and fall of the wall of the artery to which the instrument is 
applied, as it is distended by the waves of the blood-current. These curves, 
therefore, teach us directly of the tension and elasticity of the artery, and indirectly 
of the force with which the blood is propelled into it. A disturbing agency may 
be central, as in the case of cardiac lesions ; or distal, as when the arterioles are 
contracted ; of intermediate, as an aneurism. 
The sphygmograph may be applied to any artery which comes near enough to 
the surface for its pulsations to be felt, and in some instances, where it is desired 
to locate a thoracic or abdominal aneurism, we may try different situations ; but, 
for ordinary purposes, the most convenient place is the familiar fossa between the 
styloid process of the radius and the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis, where a 
little practice will enable us to procure the fullest possible development of the 
curves in any given case. Since Marey’s original mechanism, and its modifications 
by Sanderson and Anstie, several different forms of sphygmograph have been 
devised, among which Mahomed s, in England, and Ilolden s, in Ameiica, are 
well known. these, there have been some others which I have had no 
opportunity of testing, all, however, with the exception, I believe, of one inchoate 
invention a few years ago, depending for their graphic power upon a spring-pad 
pressing on the artery. By far the most sensitive and satisfactory instrument 
which I have seen is one constructed by Dr. E A. PoDd of Rutland, Vermont in 
which the arterial waves are transmitted through a film of India-rubber to a column 
of water bearing a float, the rise and fall of which move a lightly-balanced lever 
terminating in a&flail-jointed needle, whose point, resting on a smoked slip of mica, 
records the pulse-tracing. By this means resistance and friction are reduced to a 
minimum. The subjoined enlarged tracing of a healthy pulse (Fig. i) shows the 
main points to be kept in view : 
THE CLINICAL USE OF THE SPHYGMOGRAPH. 
up From a to b is the quick rise of the artery, caused by the first wave from the 
contraction of the ventricle, b being the point of greatest distention of the artery ; 
from b to c is the recontraction of the elastic arterial wall, vibrating for an instant 
so as to overcome the impetus of the current ; from c to d is a secondary redisten- 
tion of the vessel by the wave following this momentary check ; from d\o e is the 
continued contraction of the artery down to the closure of the aortic valves, at e, 
the shock of v hich is followed by a fresh rebound of the blood-column at f. P'rom 
a to e, therefore, we have the phenomena of the heart’s systole ; from e to a again, 
those of the diastole ; or, as regards the vessel under observation, from a to b is 
the sudden afflux of blood into the artery ; from b to the end of the tracing is the 
gradual efflux of blood from it. Where the artery is elastic and the tension low, 
several subordinate waves are often shown in the diastolic line from to a, and 
occasionally an interpolated wave (_£■) is seen at the aortic closure where there is no 
evidence of valvular disorder. In many pathological, and in some physiological, 
conditions, we find what is known as “dicrotism,” characterized by obliteration 
of the first secondary wave and deepening of the “ aortic notch the dotted lines 
*> 2, 3, indicate respectively “ subdicrotism,” “full dicrotism,” and “hyperdicro- 
tism, ” the aortic notch in the latter falling below the general base-line of the 
tracing. Knowdng the significance of these different parts of the normal pulse- 
trace, we are better prepared to appreciate the import of any deviations from 
them. It is to be remembered, in the first place, that the rate of speed at which 
the record-bearing slip is moved will considerably modify the form of the curves. 
This is shown in Fig. 2, where the same pulse is traced with the slip moving at 
“ slow,” “ fast,” and “ medium ” rate. 
The amplitude ot the tracing, or the height of the line of ascent, is innuenced 
by the amount of pressure brought to bear upon the artery. The pressure requisite 
to develop the amplest trace in any given instance should be noted as indicating 
the resistance of the pulse. The average pressure to be used is stated by Weiss 
to be 300 grammes (10.6 oz. av.) ; Sanderson estimates it for the most resistant 
pulses at 400 grammes (14.1 oz.). The latter author was, I believe, the first to 
formulate the clinical indications afforded by this means, pointing out that in 
fever, if low pressure suffice to bring out the maximum trace, stimulants will be 
useful ; while, if as much as 200 grammes (7.05 oz.) be required, stimulation is 
needless. On the scale of Pond’s instrument each division represents fifteen 
grammes, or a little more than half an ounce (thirty indicating a pound) ; but, as 
the elasticity of the wrist-clasp has also to be overcome, the apparent pressure 
must be increased by some ounces in most cases. Aside from the pressure, how- 
ever, the height of the “systolic apex” (which, as we have seen, is the point of 
equilibrium between cardiac impulse and arterial distensibility) is affected by two 
opposite sets of causes. Thus, it may be increased either by augmented force of 
the ventricular contraction, as in hypertrophy, or by diminished tonicity of the 
arterial walls, as in advancing age (without senile degeneration), or simple fatigue. 
The similarity and the distinction between these conditions are illustrated in Fig. 
3, the upper tracing being that of fatigue in a healthy man, the lower, that of un- 
complicated hypertrophy. 
The pulse of fatigue, it will be 
noticed, is marked by a high systolic 
ascent and an abrupt fall, the first 
wave of rebound being close to the 
aortic notch, and the tracing generally 
showing “low tension.” In the pulse 
of hypertrophy, the line of descent 
shows no signs of diminished arterial 
resistance, but only an increased vis a 
tergo, the preaortic wave being high 
up, and the whole character of the 
tracing an exaggeration of that of health. 4 
The position of the preaortic wave is determined, on the one hand, by the ven- 
tricular force ; on the other, by the fullness of the artery. In the typical tracing 
of robust health, it is situated at about the junction of the upper and middle thirds 
of the line of descent. In proportion as the cardiac impetus is enfeebled (pro- 
ducing a shorter line of ascent), or the tension of the artery increased, this wave 
will approach nearer the systolic apex ; while an increase of the systolic ascent, or 
a lessening of the volume of blood in the vessel, will cause a relative or an actual 
lowering of the wave, or even its total obliteration. This is commonly seen after 
a hearty meal, when, a greater amount of blood being attracted to the digestive 
organs, the peripheral vessels are partially emptied, giving a “dicrotic” tracing 
(i. e., an unbroken descent to the aortic notch) with very low tension. Fig. 4 
shows the radial pulse of digestion, the upper tracing being from the same subject 
as in Fig. 2, the lower from a vigorous and athletic man ; in both, and especially 
in the latter, the fall of the aortic notch is hyperdicrotous. 
We have learned, thus far, that the 
characters of a healthy pulse-trace may 
vary in rest or fatigue, before or after 
a meal; and these circumstances are 
to be considered in the examination of 
any individual case. As a rule, the 
highest rise and deepest fall will be 
found in the after-dinner pulse of an 
elderly person of sedentary habits, 
while the most compact and gradual- 
descented tracing belongs to vigorous, 
fasting youth. Fig. 5 is a tracing taken 
fr°m a gentleman past seventy, with 
slight functional irregularity, but no actual lesion of heart or vessels. Below it, 
for comparison, is the pulse-trace, during digestion, of an active, healthy boy of 
eleven. 
The condition of dicrotism is also 
induced by heat, emotion, or alcohol 
taken to the commencement of narco- 
tism ; and it affords a measure of the 
severity of febrile action, subdicrotism 
accompanying mild pyrexia, and hyper- 
dicrotism warranting a grave prognosis, 
and pointing to the need of stimulants, 
which, in such case, manifest their 
beneficial action by raising the aortic 
notch to a higher level. 
Among the pathological indications given by the sphygmograph, one of the most 
important is the amount of tension, which is shown chiefly by the character of the 
line of descent. The greater the tension of the artery, the more does this line of 
descent approach a convex form, and the less marked are its “ notches,” especially 
the preaortic one. The amplitude of the tracing is less, even though the impulse 
of the heart be stronger, because the obstruction to the efflux of blood from the 
artery prevents it from" falling to as low a base-line as when the vessel can empty 
itself freely. When the tension is very great, the line of ascent will have a decided 
slant—the diagonal of the “ parallelogram of forces ”—owing to the slowness with 
which the already replete artery yields to the incoming wave. Fig. 6 shows a 
tracing of this sort, somewhat enlarged. 
High tension is indicative of a distal 
impediment to the egress of blood from 
the artery,and for its cause we must look 
to the capillary circulation in most cases. 
Whether from the “hyaline-fibroid” thickening described by Gull and Sutton, or 
from the muscular hypertrophy of the arterioles demonstrated by George Johnson, 
or from spasmodic contraction of these latter, we shall have increased fullness of 
the arterial trunks, either permanent or temporary. Thus, tension is for the time 
heightened in angina pectoris, spasmodic asthma, probably in the initial stage of 
epilepsy ; in blood-poisonings of various kinds, whether in the zymotic exanthe- 
mata. lithcemia. alcoholism, or plumbism ; while in renal disease Dr. Mahomed 5 
has pointed out the early diagnostic value of augmented tension during what he 
terms the “ prealbuminuric ” stage, the transudation of albumen being, according 
to his view, the result of a farther and extreme tension of the capillaries. 
As regards valvular cardiac lesions, the brief time at our disposal will force me 
to deal with them cursorily ; and, indeed, much yet remains to be done before the 
sphygmograph can add greatly in this direction to the knowledge which we may 
derive from the stethoscope ; its tracings showing us, as I have already remarked, 
rather the extent than the precise nature of the disorder. 
In mitral regurgitation, the insufficient force of the heart’s systole fails to distend 
the artery promptly and fully, and, accordingly, we have a feeble and more or less 
slanting ascent with a blunted summit instead of the sharp apex of health, defi- 
ciency or absence of the preaortic notch ; and the general character of the tracing 
indicates that the contractile power of the artery is more than a match for the dis- 
tensile action of the heart. There is, however, no uniformity in the tracings pro- 
duced by this condition, and very similar curves may arise simply from functional 
weakness of the heart’s contraction, notably, as Sanderson has shown, in the 
undulating pulse of typhus. Hyperdicrotism is usually present. Diagrainmati- 
cally, the tracing of mitral regurgitation is represented, enlarged, in Fig. 7. 
But practically there are many de- 
partures from this type, depending on 
the amount of ventricular hypertrophy, 
the resistance of the arterial walls, etc. 
Fig. 8 shows some of these variations, 
the upper tracing being copied trorn Da Costa ; the second, from Sanderson, evi- 
dently accompanied by hypertrophy ; the third is from a case of rheumatic endo- 
carditis, which I had the opportunity of examining with Dr. C. H. King, wherein, 
with a marked systolic murmur at the apex, there were much debility and extremely 
low tension ; below this, for comparison, is the pulse of typhus, taken from San- 
derson. 
With regard to the last two examples, 
it will be noticed that the slip was 
moving in my tracing only about half 
as fast as in Sanderson’s ; an equal rate 
of speed would spread out the curves 
as in Fig. 9, 
Mitral obstruction gives an oblique 
ascent with low tension, but the pulse- 
tracing is, as a rule, more regular than 
in mitral regurgitation ; varying, how- 
ever, in the more advanced stages of 
the disease, and indicative rather of 
diminished vis a tergo than of the 
specific lesion, which can be more accurately ascertained by means of ausculta- 
tion. A sphygmogram of mitral obstruction, afterMarey, is given in Fig. io. 
Still more marked is the obliquity 
of ascent in the case of aortic obstruc- 
tion, which, by retarding the flow of 
blood into the arteries, causes a gradual 
instead of a sudden distention of their 
walls. The usual curve in this condi- 
tion is shown in Fig. n ; but, as will 
be seen further on, it is not unlike the 
tracing of mere senile degeneration ; 
indeed, a similar trace may be pro- 
duced by any cause which weakens and prolongs the ventricular systole. 
Be it remembered, that none of these 
tracings of valvular lesions are to be 
accepted as typical from a diagnostic 
point of view ; their general characters, rather than their individual traits, are to 
be considered, and these only as indicating the extent to which the circulation is 
crippled. Modification may be produced by the force or feebleness of the heart’s 
action, by the condition of the arteries, and other disturbing factors ; or we may 6 
have a coincidence of more than one lesion, as when aortic obstruction leads 
secondarily through dilatation of the ventricle to mitral incompetence ; mitral or 
aortic regurgitation induces compensating hypertrophy ; or when at either orifice 
a double lesion—both obstructive and regurgitant—is established. 
In fact, the only valvular disorder which gives an almost unmistakable pulse- 
trace is aortic regurgitation, wherein we find, as might be expected, a marked 
diminution, or even a total obliteration of the aortic notch (which, as has been 
shown, is caused by the quick closure of the aortic valves), accompanied by a sud- 
den fall from the preaortic notch, which is usually much higher up than in health. 
The complete emptying of the artery during diastole gives amplitude to the trace 
by lowering the base-line. Occasionally a vibratile movement is seen at the pre- 
aortic notch, giving a multiple wave. This is illustrated in the upper tracing of 
Fig. 12, copied from Foster. The second tracing is from Sanderson, showing 
marked aortic regurgitation with hypertrophy. The third is my own. 
The comparative rarity of valvular 
lesions of the right side of the heart 
and the fact that their eliects upon the 
systemic arteries must be produced 
by a backing up through the venom 
circulation, deprive their sphygmo- 
graphic tracings of any diagnostic im- 
portance, the curves indicating chiefly 
variations of tension or diminished 
impulse of the left ventricle, as the difli- 
culty at either right orifice may be 
regurgitant or obstructive. Tricuspid 
obstruction will indirectly induce 
heightened tension through the sys- 
temic capillaries; tricuspid insuffi- 
ciency, or either form of disease at 
the pulmonary opening, wall more o:- 
. , . , . less weaken the systolic part of the 
pulse-tiace b> diminishing the quantity of blood received by the left auricle. 
Alheioma manifests itself in a decapitation of the line of ascent, which, instead of 
the sharp apex of health, terminates in a horizontal plateau, as in Fig. 13. 
Senile degeneration of the vessels, im- 
pairing- their elasticity, gives a tracing 
somewhat resembling that of aortic 
obstruction, with rounded summit, high position of the preaortic wave, and shallow- 
ing of the aortic notch. This is seen in Fig. 14. 
A very practical use of the sphygmo 
graph may be made in the diagnosis ot 
aneurism, the pulse-trace on the distal 
side of au aueurismal enlargement be- 
ing, of course, deprived of its normal 
angles and notches, and reduced, if the sac be large, to a mere undulating line. Fig. 
15 shows the right and left radial tracings from a case in the Seamen’s Retreat Hos- 
pital, in which rational symptoms alone led Dr. King to diagnose thoracic aneurism, 
the physical signs not being satisfactorily marked. 
Here the sphygmogram demonstrated 
conclusively that the aneurism was 
situated at the transverse arch of the 
aorta, on the distal side of the innom- 
inata, but involving the origin of the 
left subclavian. On the other hand, 
in a case which I saw with my friend, 
yi. yy.y waiser, where there was a pulsating tumor rising above the clavicle at the 
inner side of the right sterno-mastoid, and all the rational signs seemed to war- 
lant a diagnosis of innominate aneurism, the right and left radial tracings weie 
as in rig. lb ; proving that the enlargement was confined to the trunk of the right 
common carotid, which was probably longer than usual, or perhaps sprung indepen- 
dently trom the arch of the aorta, as sometimes happens. Certainly, there is no 
omn itS-elf’ nor, oftbe riKht subclavian, though the somewhat less 
Si r n the right tracing (taken with the same pressure) would appear to indi- 
greaUy en!aro“dChaniCa compre9sion of the latter arteiT- In this case the heart was 7 
Functional disturbances and irregu- 
larities, of course, impress their modi- 
fications upon the pulse-trace, but it is 
seldom necessary to call in the aid of 
the spliygmograph for their diagnosis, 
except, perhaps, in an obscure ease 
where its record may serve to exclude 
organic lesion. As an instance of ex- 
treme irregularity, Fig. 17 shows tracings irom a case of exophthalmic goitre, which 
I was enabled to procure through the kindness of Dr. Walser. 
HMB 
It would be easy to multiply exam- 
ples of different morbid conditions, but 
my object bas been to select the more 
salient and practically useful features of 
sphygmography, pointing out as briefly 
as possible the results which have been 
obtained thus far, and leaving to be in- 
ferred how much may yet be done by 
careful observation to increase the clinical value of one of the most ingenious of 
instruments.—New York Medical Journal, September, 1877. 
It is a well established fact that the conditions of the circulative organs can he fully 
illustrated by the Sphygmograph. Degenerative disease in its earliest stage consists 
in structural lesions of the minute arteries, which can be ascertained by the use of 
the Sphygmograph. Atheromatous and senile changes, aneurism, organic valvular 
diseases of the heart, pericarditis, phthisis, organic and functional diseases of the 
brain, diseases of the kidneys, plumbic poisoning, poisoning by digitalis, rheumatism, 
palsy, pneumonia, typhoid fever, and intermittent fever, are those which have been 
most observed, and many of them can be diagnosed by the use of this instrument, and 
their course graphically illustrated. 
The general practitioner will find the Sphygmograph of great assistance in his daily 
practice, by giving him the more exact condition of his patients from day to day, in 
acute diseases, showing the progress of the disease and the effects of medicines and 
nutrition, giving him more timely notice of exhaustion and tendency to sinking, 
making it clear and positive how and wheu to stimulate. As a reference from day to 
day it is very valuable, giving a better history of the case than could otherwise be 
described. In prognosis, from the great delicacy of this instrument one can detect a 
Mai siuking many hours earlier than it can be felt in the pulse by the most expert 
and educated finger. 
In nervous disorders and functional disturbances it will be found of constant 
assistance. Undoubtedly, by its general use, much light will ultimately be thrown 
on many obscure diseases. 
NORMAL AND IRREGULAR TRACINGS. 
.No. 2.—Ataxia of the JdLeart in i'ever. 8 
No. 3.—Ataxia of the Heart, Pericardial Adhesions. 
No. 4.—Just before Death. Inanition from Malignant Stricture of (Esophagus. 
No. 5.—Robust Health, Outdoor Exercise. 
No. 6.—Intermittent Pulse. 
No. 7.—“ Bigemini.” 
This Sphygmograph can be used as quickly as the ordinary mode of feeling the 
pulse, and every difficulty heretofore existing in other instruments has been entirely 
obviated in this. 
Its tracings are made on a smoked surface or with ink on paper. 
We have made great improvements in this instrument since it was first in- 
troduced, and it is now perfect in every respect. The great di fficulty experienced in 
the application of the Sphygmograph, is in this instrument obviated by means of a 
delicate spring balance, which shows the exact amount of pressuee applied to the pulse. 
The connection between the float and the needle is magnetic, rendering the move- 
ments of the needle positively accurate. Also a pendulous mirror has been adopted for 
the use of light. The most delicate vibrations of the pulse can be thrown on a screen 
and enlarged to any [extent desired. It will be found convenient for teachers of 
physiology, and of practical use to the physician. By this means the pulse can also 
be photographed. 
No. 8.—Trace from an Aneurismai Tumor. Testimonials from Prominent Physicians. 
12 East 28th St., New York, July 10, 1877. 
Dear Sir—I have used your Sphygmograph for the last two months and find it the 
best that I have ever used. It is so easily adjusted that I use it twenty times where I 
would have used the other instrument once. It is easily kept in order, and I think 
that when the value of sphygmographic observation is more generally known every 
physician will have one. 
Very truly, T. A. McBRTDE, 
Lecturer on Symptomatology, College of 
Physicians and Surgeons. N. Y. City. 
To Dr. E. A. Pond. 
Boston, April 18th, 1877. 
E. A. Pond, M. D., Rutland, Vt.—My Dear Sir—1 have yours of the 12th inst., and 
shall be glad to see you when you come to Boston. I have examined with great 
interest your improved Sphygmograph. It seems to me to meet just what is most 
needed iu that instrument—easy adjustment, delicacy of record, and exactness in 
result. Yours verv truly, 
J. BAXTER UPIIAM, 
Late Physician to the Boston City Hospital, Member of the Mass. 
Medical Society, Felloic of the American Academy of Arts and 
Sciences, $c., 4'C. 
Davis Avenue, New Brighton, Staten Island, Oct. 5, 1877. 
Dear Doctor Pond—After some months of constant employment of your Sphygmo- 
graph, l am glad to testify that for ease of application and delicacy of registration it 
far excels any instrument of the kind with which I have worked. 
Faithfully yours, 
ALFRED L. CARROLL, 
Dr. E. A. Pond. Pres, of the Richmond County Medical Society. 
1811 Spruce St., Philadelphia, May 29, 1877. 
Dear Doctor—I have much pleasure in introducing Mr. Pond ot Rutland, Vt„ who 
has a Sphygmograph devised by his father, Dr. Pond, which I regard as superior in 
point of delicacy ahd ease of manipulation to any I have ever seen. 
Very truly, 
WILLIAM PEPPER, 
Clinical Prof, of Medicine, University of Penn. 
Dr. II I. Bowditch, Boston, Member of 
the Society Medical Observation, Paris. 
Dr. J. M. DaCosta, Philadelphia, Lec- 
turer on Cliuical Medicine and Physician 
to the Philadelphia Hospital. 
Prof. J. W. S. Arnold, New York, Pro- 
fessor of Physiology, University of New 
York. 
Prof. W. A. Hammond, New York, Pro" 
lessor Materia Medica and Diseases of the 
Mind. 
Prof. Meredith Clymer, New York. 
Prof. Edward G. Janeway. “ 
Prof. A. L. Loomis. “ 
We respectfully refer you to the following eminent physicians : 
Prof. E. C. Scguin, New York. 
Dr. J. R. Learning, New York City. 
Dr. Egbert Guernsey, New York. 
Dr. H. B. Millard, New York City. 
Dr. Edgar Holden, Newark, N. J. 
Dr. J. H. Baxter, Chief Medical Pur- 
veyor, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C. 
Lewis A. Sayre, M. D., New York, Pro- 
fessor of Orthopedic Surgery, &e. 
M. Goldsmith, M. D., late Professor 
Louisville Medical College. 
C. L. Allen. M. D., late Professor of 
Chemistry, Vermont Medical College. 
G. S. Winston, M. D., New York, Mu. 
tual Life Ins. Co. 10 
ITS PRACTICAL USE AND BENEFIT. 
It shows tendency to death in typhoid fever from paralysis of the heart. 
Gives warning in advance of its being detected in the ordinary way of danger 
f)om sinking. 
Of the greatest help in detecting aneurism and organic disease. 
Tells exactly when and how to stimulate. 
Should always be used when administering ether or chloroform. 
It shows the exact condition of the arteries and heart, and is invaluable to every 
Physician in his daily practice. 
It shows the exact arterial tension. 
It is perfectly practical and easily and quickly applied to almost every artery, 
requiring no longer time than to feel the pulse in the ordinary manner. 
V1191i 
SPHYGMOGRAPH, (complete) with choice of needles, 
either pen for ink tracings on paper, or needle for 
smoked surface, handsome case, - - - $36.00 
Hospital and Army Cases, includes Sphygmograph, 
Sphygmoscope, needle for smoked tracings, pen for 
ink tracings, pendulous mirror for using light, (lor 
observing the movement of the pulse on a screen,) 
extra heavy case, ______ $60.00 
SPHYGMOSCOPE.—It shows to the eye distinctly 
each beat of the heart by the corresponding move- 
ment of the colored fluid in the fine glass tube. Price, $2.00 
NO DEVIATION PROM ABOVE PRICES. 
Will be sent to any address upon receipt of price, or by express, 
C. O. D. 
All orders or inquiries addressed as below will receive prompt 
attention. 
POND’S SPHYGMOGRAPH COMPANY, 
URnAtlaiKa., "Vexnaoxit.