REPORTS ON V CHOLERA, IN THE MEBBUT, BOHILOUND AND AJMBRB DIVISIONS, IN THE YEAR 18 56. AGRA: PRINTED AT THE SECUNDRA ORPHAN PRESS. 1857. 1 Ift "w ™rx f\ tp\ m /**^ ' * CHOLERA, | , \X IN THE MEEEUT, EOHILCUND AND A J MERE DIVISIONS, IN THE YEAR 18 56. IN THE 2 AGRA: PRINTED AT THE SECUNDRA ORPHAN PRESS. 1857. REPORTS ON CHOLERA. Prom H. H. Greathed, Esquire, Commissioner of the Meerut Division to C. B. Thornhill, Esquire, Officiating Secretary to Government, North Western Provinces, Agra, No. 249, dated Camp, Allygurh, the Ist December 1856* Sir, The accompanying returns and reports regarding the ravages com_ mitted by Cholera in this Division, during last sum* Judicial Department. d mer, are submitted for the information of Government, and will be perused with painful interest. 2 — The disease broke out in the Allygurh district on the Ist June; it appeared at Khoorjah in Boolundshuhur on the 9th of that month, in Meerut on the 15th of July, and in the first week of August it reached No. of No. of * Districts, Days. Deaths. Allygurh, 91 •• .. 11,785 Boolundshuhur, • • 63 •• • • 4,427 Meerut, •• 42 •• •• 4,581 Moozuffernuggur, • • 42 •• •• 7,581 Saharunpore, • • 72 •• • • 3,396 Deyrah Doon, • • 33 •• • • 369 •• Total, >. 32,139 Moozuffernuggur, Saharunpore, and Deyrah. I'he number of days the pestilence prevailed, and the number of victims it is recorded to have carried off in each district, are stated in the margin.* But it is to be feared the number of deaths that occurred in the interior are incom- jplete, and that the numbers are under-stated. 3. — The losses amongst the European Troops at Meerut were :: — • Rate per cent, of Mortality. Men, -- -- 40 -- ~ 2-50 Women, -- <ฆ- 17 -- -- 6-39 Children, -- -- 31 -- -- 7-96 4 — The Native Troops suffered but slightly; there were no cases in the Regiment quartered at Allygurh, only seven casualties among the 2,470 men stationed at Meerut, and one in the Company forming the Treasury Guard at Saharunpore. At Deyrah, however, 27 men of the Goorkha Battalion were carried off; s—Among5 — Among the population the heaviest losses fell in Allygurh, Boolundshuhur and Mooziuffernuggur, in the villages, and country towns. In Meerut and Saharunpore, the mortality was disproportionately great in the chief cities. In the city of Meerut, 806, or two per cent., died out of a population of 40,000, and in the city of Saharunpore 821, or 2*16 per cent* out of 38,000; while the average rate of mortality on the remainder of the population, in each district, appears to have been, in Meerut, 027, and in Saharunpore, 0*33. The accuracy of these rates is open to some degree of question; as the returns from the villages are not socom plete as the statements 4 compiled under the eye of the Magistrate ; but there can be no doubt the two cities suffered disproportionately. It is useless to attempt to conjecture the cause of their misfortune, for Meerut is a healthy, well-drained town, and Saharunpore is in both respects the reverse. 6. — There was a wide difference in the manner in which the Jails were affected by the disease. In the Allygurh, Boolundshulmr, Saharanpore and Deyrah Jails, there were no fatal cases, and very few admissions ; while 86 deaths occurred in the Meerut, and 26 in the Moozuffernuggur Jails. The explanations afforded by Doctor Thring and Mr. Berford will, I trust, be held to relieve these Officers of all responsibility for this lamentable mortality. I can vouch for Doctor Thring's untiring zeal, and for the earnestness of his endeavours to check the pestilence, but its virulence baffled all human efforts. Mr. Berford exerted himself with intelligence to improve the position of the prisoners, and to save them from the scourge. The mortality in the Moozuffernuggur Jail is the more remarkable, as the city and environs suffered but slightly. 7. — The reports present one gratifying feature ; they shew how anxiously the District and Medical Officers labored to alleviate the calamity, and how largely the benevolence of private individuals was called into active exercise. I would call particular attention to Mr. Edwards' foresight in providing against the approach of the scourge, and to the calmness with which he carried on the entire duties of the Magistracy during its prevalence. Mr. Spankie, who was on leave, offered to return and to* remain at Saharunpore until the pestilence had abated, but I thought it unnecessary. Mr. Dunlop would not avail himself of his leave of absence, and would not quit Meerut until the disease had died out. From H. G. Keene., Esquire, Superintendent, Deyrah Doon, to 11. 11, Greathed, Esquike, Commissioner of the Meerut Division, No. 119, dated Deyrah, the 31st September 1856. Sir, I have the honor to furnish the return called for in your circular letter No. 47, of 23rd August, the Cholera having now, according to all appearance, ceased to be an epidemic here, though there is little doubt that isolated cases may, and do, from time to time, present themselves. 2 Some remarks with which I have been favored by ths Civil Assistant Surgeon, are also submitted. 3 xam happy to record that every person of influence in our little community has been active in endeavouring to alleviate the general distress-. But I cannot avoid joining Mr. Banister in particularizing the exertions of the Revd. J. S. Woodside, American Presbyterian Missionary, to whom I am indeed indebted for a vast amount of assistance in every matter in which I have had to seek his aid. Mr, Banister has likewise devoted himself to 5 y his professional duties with unremitting assiduity. The Tehseeldar has worked hard, and is believed to have effected several cures with medicines with which he provided himself. 4. — 'On the first apprehension of the pest, measures were taken for the distribution of remedies, and many lives have been saved, to all appearance, by the timely administration of sedatives. Depots for this purpose were established at various spots in the town and station, and large quantities, with directions, issued to the Police and landholders of the Mofussil. Messrs. Elwall and Thelwall, Tea planters of Hurbunswala, also labored benevolently and with effect among their workmen and the inhabitants of the vicinity. A proclamation was issued, by my directions, warning the people against indulgence in improper kinds of food, (which were specified,) and inviting them to make use of ths Dispensary and the Depots ; and I did the best in my power to improve the ventilation and cleanliness of the place. The poorer classes seem almost exclusively the sufferers, which may possibly be caused as much by the poverty of their habit of body as by their crowded and ill-ventilated locations. No contagious character seems fairly attributable to the disorder, which has pursued its usual eccentric course, some localities being severely visited. I myself lost two attendants in one day; other, and much larger, families escaped entirely. Drunkards and opium-eaters rarely recovered. 5. — The few Europeans who died were persons of weakly health; there were also a few supposed cases of attack among this class, which did not prove fatal. P. S. — In reference to the tabular statement, I would beg to remind you that the reports do not shew all the deaths; many die who are never reported, I dare say, as many as are entered. 6 Report on the Cholera in Zillah Beyrah Dhoon, from 7th August, to 10th September, 1856. _ T n n Rest of th& Jail Hospital. Chief City. ฃ)ISTRICT.) ISTR1CT . Fall of Dire o f on Date. r> . of " am - Wind. Admis- Deathgi Death3i Deathg< sions. A " cost iฃ :: % T ;; ;: i ป ป Htfl IX . 1 0 qfh * }1 " " " 0-2 1 ป 1 3 12th .. 9-; ป | o 13th •• ?•* " " " 5 J ;; b 5S5 S r: o. 3 o ป. ;; ;; ป 55S 1-0 East. „ ป 13 1 18th '* l 'ฐ ป " " 1? * „ iซtn n n 91 n 20 h !-ฐ .1 ป ป 7 T 2ls I" 0 " ป ป 19 18 22nd •• ซ # i " " " 11 9 23rd f'J " " " 18 6 04th ... I#o ป ป " 8 ; lath .. O.i ;; „ ; 27th •• 0-7 ป ป " J J 28th •• 2-2 „ „ ป 15 J 29th -. 0-2 „ ? ป 1 * 30th ..0-3 „ ป, ,* 10 10 31st .. 0-ฐ ป " M I o September Ist •• o>o ซ " " " ? 2nd .- 0-7 „ ป* ป 6 J 3rd -. 0-0 „ i, 2 i 4th •• 0.0 „ „ 2 0 sth .. 0.0 ป ป n I \ 6th ..1-0 n ป ป 2 i 7th -. 0-2 „ 2 0 Bth •• 0-8 „ ป 0 6 ,; 9th -. 0-0 West. 0 2 „ 10th - 0-0 „ ป ป 0 6 Total, .... 15-5 ป 1 n 2 3ฐ 139 7 From G. Banister, Esquire, Civil Assistant Surgeon, Deyrah, to H. G. Keene Esquire, Superintendent of Deyrah Dhoon, dated Deyrah, the 13th September, 1856. The following is the number of Cholera patients treated in the Dispensary, Jail, and Regiment, during the late epidemic : — Battalion, - - - - 41 - - 27 deaths. Jail, _--.-__ i _. o Dispensary. r In -PP a ซents, ~ 67 L Out-patients, 55 38 deaths. 53 r The result of 34 is not — < known ; of the remaining 68 L 21, 18 were cured, and 164 14 3 died; — to which must be added about 14 which is 82 the proportional number to 34 that 68 is to 164, which is exactly 50 per cent. The first case occurred on the 12th August, the last, on the 4th September; but the virulence of the epidemic was expended on the 24th of August, and it did not therefore rage in the Regiment and City for more than twelve days. It came from the east and passed onwards to the west ; rain fell steadily during the whole month. The maximum height of the thermometer from sunrise to 10 p. m., was 92ฐ, the mimimum, 74ฐ. There were several severe storms of wind, lightning and thunder on the 19th, 20th and 21st ; the wind was steadily from the east. Medicines were unsparingly supplied to all the most respectable natives, and to every European family for distribution among the people, and numerous Depots were established in the City, Villages, and Chowkees ; in fact, every exertion was used to calm the general alarm and insure the most efficient medical attendance on the sick. Many recovered from the first effects of the epidemic, viz. collapse, arrest of secretions, cramps, purges, and vomits, but died from a consecutive typhora fever, in which the brain was the chief organ affected. The medicine, which of all others has proved the most satisfactory in its effects, is Calomel persisted in until the secretion of bile has been excited, and then followed by Quasia, either alone or in combination with iron. I may as well add that Mr. Woodside is, in my opinion, the gentleman who, of all others, most exerted himself in acts of charity and kindness towards the suffering poor. 8 From R. Spankie, Esquire, Magistrate, Saharunpore, to H. H. Greathed, Esquire, Commissioner, Ist Division, Meerut, No. 131, dated Saharunpore, 25th November, 1856. Sir, I have the honor to forward a report on the Cholera in this district during the past season. As Mr. Edwards was Officiating Magistrate at the time, I beg to forward his full and complete report, which does him the highest credit. 2. — With reference to paragraph 8, I would remark that such exceptions are common, perhaps they are the rule with this disease. One side of a barrack is struck, and in the other not a case occurs. 3. — The greatest sufferers were those whose habits of life most readily exposed them to the disease ; the lowest Mahomedans and Hindoos, the first, notorious for their uncleanliness, and the latter, for the filthy food they eat. 4. — The inference, that the use of animal food, or of bad and indifferent meat, may have predisposed persons to attacks, because the butchers and lower castes suffered most severely, is, perhaps, open to doubt. The butchers are an excessively dirty set of fellows, and their slaughter-houses, I should think, are unwholesome from their neglect to cleanse them. We want a conservancy law that should give Magistrates the power of regulating markets and inspecting food of all kinds. Slaughter-houses should not be permitted to exist in large cities, but should be outside the suburbs. 5. — It is one curious feature of this visitation, that bilious fevers have generally accompanied it. The fever here this year is said to be more severe than usual. 6. — I think that you will agree with me that Mr. Edwards' measures, to provide the necessary medicine before the actual arrival of the disease, were exceeding'y judicious and dsserving of commendation. "From It. M. Edwards, Esquire, Joint Magistrate, Saharunp ore, toll. Spankie, Esquire, Magistrate, Saharunpore, No. 362, dated Saharunpore, the 24th November, 1856. Sir, With advertence to the Commissioner's Circular, No. 47, dated 23rd August, I have the honor to submit the following report: — 2. This report could not be supplied at an earlier date, as the epidemic has only within the last few days completely disappeared from the district. 3, The accompanying return has been made as nearly as practicable in the prescribed form, 9 4. — It will be seen that the total number of casualties in the city of Saharunpore are stated at 831, while the aggregate of deaths from the disease in the rest of the district has been computed at 2,575. 5. — The returns for this city are, I think pretty accurate; they have been compiled from the daily reports. I have enquired into the matter from many of the city residents, and without an exception, the number of deaths roughly estimated by them have approximated those given in the return. 6. — The returns for the district are not so accurate ; they, I think, have been under-estimated. I have found it impossible to give a correct daily return of casualties. 7. — The chowkeedars who report weekly on the state of their villages, were the channels through which information of the epidemic was conveyed. They, on each visit to the Thannah, reported the total number of deaths during the intervening period, but could not state those which had occurred daily, indeed, they frequently were unable to attend weekly on account of the severe floods, which rendered the streams, for days together, wholly impassable. 8. — It is worthy of remark, that from first to last, not a single case of Cholera occurred in the Jail or in the Stud lines, and only one fatal case in the Treasury Guard. lam wholly unable to account for this as the epidemic was very severe in the village nearest to the Jail and the Stud. In the European part of the station, there were three fatal cases, viz. — Mr. Thomson, in the Botanical Garden ; Mrs. Monipy, a pensioner, who is said to have caught the disease at Meerut; and the infant child of Sergeant Wood. 9. — In the city, and indeed throughout the district, the Mahomedans of the lower castes were the principal sufferers; the butcher class the greatest of all. The fatality among the sweeper caste was also great. 10. — The scourge first appeared at the village ol' Abbah, to the south of Rampore, and then broke out at Kherra and Urubytha, after which it burst out almost simultaneously at different points in the district, appearing to take no particular course or direction. It would strike with great severity one village, while the surrounding villages would be, perhaps, wholly free from the disease. Its sudden appearance without any visible cause at isolated points, and its immediate fatality might be likened to the seeds which a bird drops in its flight and which germinate where they fall. 11. — The amount of rain, or the direction of the wind, did not appear to affect it. It was hoped that on the Bth September, when the wind changed from east to west, the disease might diminish, but the number of fatal cases on the contrary increased. 10 S 12. — The following list will show the casualties of various places throughout the district : — Saharunpore city, -- -- •- -- -- __ 821 Sah arunpore district, -- -- -- -- -- 414 Jowallapore city, - - -- -- -- - - - _ 90 Hurdwar, -- -- -- -- -- *- -- -- 8 Sooltanpore town and district, -- -- -- -- 197 "Jloorkee town and district, -- -- -- -- -- 357 Munglour, - -- - 299 Sirsawa town and district, -- -- -- - - -- 130 llampoor town, -- -- ?- -- -- -- -- 73 Rampoor district, -- -- -- -- -- -- 75 Gungoh town and district, -- -- -- -- -- 210 Peobund city, -- -- -- <-- -- -- -- 270 Peobund district, -- -- -- -- -- -- 408 Moozuffurah, Bohut and Kaipore, -- -- -- 44 Total, -- -- 3 ; 396 13. — From the above return it will be seen that the whole of the northern part of the district was comparatively lightly affected by the epidemic. 14.— As the disease, before it appeared here, had been raging for some time at Allygurh, Meerut, &c, and was evidently gradually approaching this district, I had large supplies of Cholera pills prepared, the ingredients being ths same as those usually employed, viz.,, 4 grain opium, ฃ grain assafoetida, h grain black pepper. Immediately the epidemic shewed itself, these pills were distributed. In thซ the following places: — city, supplies of them were sent to The Tehsecl. Kotwalee. The Nazir was ordered to keep a large supply. All the City cliowkees. Supplies of pills were given to all the Chowkeedars of Mohullahs foi distribution in their beats. The shops of the Punsarees, To all the Native Hakeems who would receive and make use of them. A large supply was kept at the Cutcherry for immediate despatch whereever required. 15. — My object was to place the best known remedy within reach of all, that the pills should be available without delay, for when taken in time, the result was very favorable. 16. — Supplies of these pills were also sent to the Tbannahs, and Ist "Class Chowkees throughout the district, and to the Murhellahs along the main lines of road, for the benefit of travellers. 11 17. — The village Chowkeedars on visiting the Thannahs or Chowkees to make their usual reports, were also supplied with pills for distribution, in their villages, should the epidemic have shewed itself. 18. — Great benefit resulted from these pills. I believe I am correct in saying that not hundreds, but thousands of lives were saved by means of them. 19. — Forty thousand of these pills were distributed! Besides this, I imagine a goodly number were made by the people themselves, as I made it generally known of what these pills were composed, and the ingredients are procurable in any bazaar. 20. — For a few days, when the epidemic was at its height/ the people, in a measure, lost faith in the medicine, and declared the pills powerless ta arrest the disease. The cause, as far as I could discover, was simply that the, malady had assumed so severe a type, and was so quickly fatal, that death, resulted before the medicine had time to get into the system. 21. — The people say that there were two descriptions of the. disease ; one, where between the vomiting and the purging a considerable interval elapsed; the other, where they were simultaneous. In the former, the pills were of very great use; in the latter, they were of small avail, as death en-? sued frequently in little more than an hour from seizure. This very severe type was comparatively rare. 22. — The only other palliative measure I had recourse to, with the exception of impressing upon all the necessity for cleanliness in or near their dwellings and a free draught of air, was to prevent the sale of the guava fruit in the city. This I must confess was an arbitrary measure, but it was, I think, justified by the necessity for at once stopping what was allowed on all sides to be a fruitful cause of Cholera. 23. — Before passing the order, I consulted Doctors Jameson and Cockburn, who highly approved of the proposition ; it was, indeed, with the exception of the fruit sellers themselves, generally approved of by the people. 24. — The measures resorted to by the Natives themselves, were of the strangest description. 25. — In the city, over every Mahomedan's door, might be seen a small slip of paper containing a text from the Koran. The following was the most general : — ฆ 26. — They assembled in their respective Musjids, and shouted out, all night long, the names and attributes of the Deity. 27. — Another measure was to select a goat, read over it a text from the Koran, breathe and spit on its head, then sacrifice it, and distribute small pieces of the flesh to be partaken of by the faithful. 28. — Both Hindoos and Mahomedans gave away large quantities of food, money, &c, in charity. 12 k 29. — The scape-goat was also made use of, the form gone through, being much the same as that described in Leviticus. 30. — I fear I cannot mention any individuals who were particularlydistinguished for zeal in alleviating the general suffering. Each man's mind was occupied about his own immediate family or relatives; and, though a great deal was given in charity, yet it was given, not so much with the view of assisting or comforting the indigent, as in the hope of appeasing the Deity, and so warding off the fearful visitation from themselves. 31. — The following individuals, Aleemoolah Khan, late Kotwal, now Officiating Tehseeldar of Deobund; Bunseedhur, Vukeel, of the Judge's Court; Sewa Ram, Vukeel, Hakeem; Moozuffur Hoosain; Nawab Sirdar Khan, Hakeem; and Mahomed Buksh, prepared a kind of arrack at their own expense, and distributed it gratis to all applicants. That made by the late Kotwal, was said at the time to have done great good, and (with what amount of truth, I cannot say,) to have proved beneficial when the pills had altogether failed. 32. — The fact of the epidemic having been so much more general and of a severer type among the Mahomedan population, especially among the butchers and lower castes, would seem to show that the use of animal food, or of bad or indifferent meat, renders people far more liable to the disease. 13 4- Report on the Cholera in Zillah Saharunpore, from the Ist of August, to the 31st October, 1856. Chief Rest of •Q at6i Fall of Jail Hospital. City. the Rain. Direction of - District. Wind. ฆ Admission. Deaths. Deaths. Deaths. 1856] August Ist 1-07 Easterly. None. None. 4 „ 2nd 0-73 „ „ „ 1 „ 3rd 003 „ „ „ 5 „ 4th 0-03 „ „ „ 0 „ sth 0-76 „ „ „ 0 „ 6th 0-72 „ „ „ 2 ป 7th 0-62 „ „ ป 0 Bth 0-78 „ „ „ 1 „ 9th 2-11 „ „ 0 n 10th 1-20 „ 1 ? Uth 0-36 „ „ „ 3 ? 12th 0-50 „ „ 2 v 13th 0-33 „ „ 2 ? Uth 0-81 „ „ 1 „ 15th 0-86 „ 3 „ 16th 0-92 „ „ 4 ป nth 0.74 „ „ „ i „ 18th 0-0 „ „ „ 1 „ 19th 0-0 „ „ „ 1 n 20th 0-20 „ „ „ B „ 21st 0-34 ? „ „ „ 22nd 0-11 „ „ „ 2 „ 23rd 0-59 „ „ „ 1 „ 24th 0-31 „ „ „ 1 „ 25th 1-15 „ „ „ 1 ? 26th 0-87 „ „ „ 5 n 27th 0-88 „ „ „ 6 ? 28th 0-70 „ „ „ 3 „ 29th 0-48 „ „ „ 3 n 30th 0-14 „ „ „ 5 „ 31st 0-88 „ „ „ 5 September Ist 0-26 „ „ „ 30 ? 2nd 0.55 „ „ „ 32 „ 3rd 0.70 „ „ „ 35 ป 4th 0.51 „ „ „ 44 „ sth 0.01 „ „ „ 45 „ 6th 1-13 „ „ „ 29 „ 7th 1-05 „ „ „ 33 „ Bth. 0-74 Westerly. „ „ 13 „ 9th 1-80 „ „ „ 39 „ 10th 0.01 „ „ „ 39 „ 11th 0-0 „ „ „ 60 „ 12th 0-54 „ „ „ 42 „ 13th 0-14 „ „ „ 46 „ Uth 0.09 „ „ „ 40 „ 15th 0-76 „ „ „ 32 „ 16th 0-72 „ „ „ 40 „ 17th 0.50 „ „ „ 25 Carried forward,- • 29-63 „ „ „ 696 14 Report on the Cholera in Zillah Saharunpore, from the Ist of August, to the 31st October, 1856. Chief Rest of ฆj-. , Fall of Jail Hospital. City. the rain. Direction of District. Wind. ~~ ' Admission. Deaths. Deaths. Deaths. Brought forward, 29-63 None. None. 696 September 18th 0-25 Westerly. ? „ 15 „ 19th 0-96 „ „ „ 25 „ 20th 1-12 Easterly. „ „ 21 21st 1-45 „ „ „ 7 „ 22nd 2-10 „ „ „ 8 23rd 1-88 „ „ 8 24th 0-01 „ „ 9 „ 25 th None. Westerly. „ „ 6 26th „ „ „ 3 ป 27th ri ป ป „ 5 28 til „ „ „ „ 3 29 th „ „ „ n 4 30th „ „ „ „ 1 October Ist „ „ „ M 1 n 2nd „ ป ป „ 0 ป 3rd „ ป ป „ 2 ป *'" }; ป ป |) 3 ป sth ป ป w „ 0 >. 6th „ „ „ ff o ป ? th ? ป ป „ 2 ซ th ป ป ;ป . „ 0 9th „ ป ป „ 0 10th „ „ „ „ 0 ปป llth ป ป ป „ 2 12th „ „ „ „ 0 13th „ „ „ ff o ป l 4th „ n ป „ 0 ป sth ป ป ,i „ 0 l6th m ป v „ 0 17th „ „ „ „ 0 l งth ป „ M „ 0 19t h „ „ „ „ 0 20th „ „ „ HoH o ป 21st ; , „ „ n 0 ;> 22nd t> ปฆ ป „ 0 .m 23rd „ „ „ non o ป 24th „ „ „ „ 0 m 25 th „ „ „ „ 0 26th „ „ „ o 27th „ „ „ „ o ป> 28th „ „ „ „ o ป 29th ft ,r „ v 0 3 ฐth „ „ „ i, 0 31st t, ป ? „ 0 Total, .. 39-40 „ „ „ 821 2,575 15 From G. Berfohd, Esquire, Officiating Magistrate, Moozuffernuggur, to H. H Greatiied, Esquire, Commisioner, Ist or Meerut Division, No. 144. I have the honor of forwarding the statement of the progress in this District of the lately prevalent epidemic, called for in your Circular No. 47, of the 23rd of August last. 2. — The preparation of these returns has been delayed by the necessity of rectifying certain errors into which the Thannahdars had fallen when furnishing the materials of the statement now submitted. I regret to say, however, that, although my report has been thus delayed, it is still somewhat premature, as the epidemic has not yet entirely died out from the district. It lingers in Poar and its vicinity, and to a less degree in Bhookurheree. 3. — The classes of the community among which the disease found its most numerous victims were the Chumars, Kuhars, Kussaees, and generally all those of whom the occupations were such as exposed them to filth and noxious effluvia. The unclean, the ill-fed, and the overworked suffered most, and in a marked degree. No class, of course, enjoyed complete immunity from the disease, but those above indicated sustained the heaviest losses. 4. — The portions of the district in which the Cholera has been most virulent, appear to have been Thannah Bhawun, Shamlee, Khustowlee, Churthawul and Chupar. The reasons for the pre-eminence in misfortune of the above places are not difficult of detection. Both Thannah Bhawun and Shamlee are situated on the Jumna Canal, and the soil of each is saturated with putrid water. Both are comparatively large towns; and the conservancy of both is very inefficient. Shamlee in particular is filthy. The Tehseeldar, whose appreciation of the value and necessity of cleanliness is unusually clear for a native of Hin r loosti,n, has exerted himself greatly to effect improvements in this respect; but his success has been hitherto incommensurate with his labor. Khatowlee was surrounded during the rains by swamps. The natural drainage of the vicinity would appear to be checked by the Ganges Canal, or by some of its Rajbuhas. Churthawul is distant from either Canal, but two very large and offensive tanks lie on the east and west. Chupar was inundated by the bursting of a Rajbuha, which, in addition to the excessive rains, saturated the whole neighbourhood. Here also there are two large ill-kept tanks. s.— The only palliative measures adopted, consisted in the despatch of medicines to the several places where the Cholera declared itself, and the enforcement generally of such sanitary measures for cleanliness, &c, as were possible. The medicines employed were chiefly the common Cholera pills, composed of asafoetida, black pepper, and opium. That they were found useful, was satisfactorily proved by the eagerness with which they were sought. As regards the prisoners in the Jail, I removed into tents as many as I could provide accommodation for, with the view of separating those in health from the depressing influence of the sight of disease prevailing around them. The tents were pitched on the highest and airiest spot in 16 the vicinity. The weather at that time was very wet ; but the result of the experiment was decidedly favorable. It had moreover the good effect of increasing the accommodation available for the prisoners remaining in the Jail, and the separation of the sick from the healthy was more effectually secured. I also, with the assent of the Medical Officer in charge, made some unimportant alterations in the diet of the prisoners, and permitted the use of tobacco during the prevalence of the epidemic. Ido not suppose these latter measures capable of effecting any great improvement in the prisoners' health, but I hoped that they might in some degree serve to inspirit men naturally dejected by imprisonment and the daily sight of some of their limited number sinking under disease. I also diminished the amount of labor required from each prisoner by one-half. 6. — I had reason to be perfectly satisfied with the conduct of the Native Doctors attached respectively to the Jail and the Dispensary ; but no public or private individual distinguished himself by any extraordinary efforts to alleviate the ptiblic suffering. 7. — The type of disease at the Sudder station was, I think, undoubtedly less virulent than elsewhere in the district. Great efforts were made to secure cleanliness in the town and its vicinity ; the drainage, naturally good towards the river, was improved; one tank was filled up with rubbish from a neighbouring brick-kiln, and another tank was drained into the river. The people made timely requisitions for medicines, and, altogether, the extreme severity of the disease was, I think, mitigated. 8. — The number of deaths entered in the last column of the statement now furnished, must be looked upon only as approximating to the truth. The returns from the Jail hospital and chief city are, however, I believe, quite accurate. 17 Report on the Cholera in Zillah Moozuffernuggur, from Bth August, to 19th September, 1856. Fall of t tt Chief Rest op the ฃin? JAIL HospITAI " City. District. Direction .—. — Date. • . I m . of | | Wind. Admis- Deathg> Deaths . DeathfJ# % ง ci on. 3 H August 8 th 0 Easterly. 1 9th 1 „ 0 10th 0 „ 0 ฃ 11th 28 „ 1 g 12th o „ 0 2 13th 13 „ 1 o 14th I „ 0 g 15th 1 „ 1 g 16th 5 „ 0 | 17th 0 „ 1 tj 18th 1 „ 0 g 19th o ป 1 1 3 20th 2 n 0 o - 21st 0 ป; 1 0 Jj 22nd 5 „ 1 2 o 23vd „ 2 2^ 24th „ 4 0 ป 25th 6 „ 1 2 26th 6 ?2 0 27th 2 „ 1 2 6978. 28th 12 „ 3 1 7 Omitting Bhoo-29th 7 3 3 & kuvheree whence 30th 2 2 8 no return has 31st 10 ," 0 0 5 yet been receiv- September Ist 4 ' 1 1 2 ed, and where it 2nd 7 4 3 1 is probable that 3rd 1 "204 about 500 per-4th 5 0 1 4 soซs may have sth 6 3" 0 0 3 died of Cho-6th 40 „ 1 3 2 lera. 7th 13 „ 0 1 4 8 th 2 Westerly. 1 4 9th „ 4 10th „ 1 1 lth „ 0 12th „ 0 13th „ 3 14th Easterly. 1 1 15th 5 „ 1 16th Westerly. 1 17th ? 3 18th 5 Ey. and Wy. 2 19th „ Total, --36 26 77 From C. Currie, Esq., Officiating Magistrate, Meerut, to H e H. Greathed Esq., Commissioner Ist Division No. 167, Dated Meerut, the 13th October, 1856. Sir, I have the honor to submit the returns called for in your Circular, No. 47, dated 23rd August last. c 18 v ป 2. — The returns shew the daily number of admissions and deaths from Cholera, both in the Jail hospital and City dispensary, records of these having been duly maintained. The estimate aggregate number of deaths in the district, must rest on very uncertain data. The information has, by my directions, been obtained from the Zemindars, Chowkeedars and Putwarees of the different villages. 3. — I enclose a comparative statement, shewing the number of deaths, and rates per cent, of mortality by Cholera in the Jail, City, and Military Stations, prepared by Dr. Thring, the Civil Assistant Surgeon. From this it appears that, taking the population of the Cantonments and City, including European and Native Troops, prisoners, &c. at 80,815, the percentage of deaths by Cholera among them was 1-80. The population of the whole district of Meerut, as given in the last census return, was 11,35,000. Deducting the numbers above given for Cantonments and City, there remain about 10,54,200, and the deaths reported in the district out of the Cantonments and City amount to 3,025, or o*2B per cent. 4.— -The disease began on July 15th in the City, and lasted till the end of August. It appears to have broken out on the same day in the Sudder Bazaar. The district was not visited by it till the beginning of August, and it lasted throughout that month. The wind prevalent during this time was easterly, and rain fell heavily and constantly. 5. — The origin of the disease cannot of course be accurately traced, but all experience goes to prove that if not engendered, it is at least fostered, by Malaria springing from close and foul atmospheres. The places chiefly visited during the past attack, are described as those in which narrow lanes choked up with rubbish and filth abound, and the classes who suffered most were the lowest castes, such as Chumars, Khakrobs, Gaderiyas, Telees, and the like. The inability to provide themselves with wholesome and nutritious food may, of course, be reckoned amongst the causes productive of an increase in the sufferings of these classes, but I have no doubt that the foul atmosphere which they habitually breathe, rendered them most liable to attack. 6. — Medicines of all sorts and kinds were, as usual, tried, and I think that a remark made by Dr. Thring in his report, (a copy of which is enclosed herewith,) regarding the indiscriminate distribution of medicines, is pertinent. There can be no doubt that many patients, especially among the higher classes of females, fell victims to the well-meant but mistaken zeal of the various members of their families. Each member of a family goes to a different dispenser of medicines ; one brings one kind, another another, and they are all given indiscriminately to the patient, who dies naturally from the remedy, not from the disease. The assafcetida pills were found of great effect, as also the medicine which goes by the name of the " Pain Killer." The native remedies consist principally of rose-water and warm spices. They put great faith in peppermint, 11 19 7. — The disease shewed itself in various forms. In some cases it commenced with perspiration, followed by purging and retching, and if cold perspiration ensued, death immediately followed. In other cases, pain was the first symptom, purging ensued, cold perspiration and death. These were the quickest and least subservient to remedy. If fever and warm perspiration could be induced, the patient recovered* 8. — A list is appended of those persons who made themselves most conspicuous by their exertions to alleviate the sufferings of their fellow-men. The results of these exertions, as noticed above, in no way detracts from the good intentions and credit of those who employ them. You will be glad to see so goodly an array of Government Officers in the list, but I must draw your particular attention to the Native Amlah of the Magistrate's and Collector's Courts, who subscribed amongst themselves, and raised a fund for the purchase of medicines, which they distributed gratuitously to such as required them. The amount thus raised was upwards of Us. 70 ; and this was placed under the immediate control of Naseer Alee, the Foujdaree Serishtehdar. I trust that His Honor the Lieutenant Governor will bestow some mark of his approbation on these men. I have satisfied myself that the idea was entirely originated amongst themselves, and that it was not adopted at the suggestion of any of their European superiors. Report of the Visitation of Epidemic Cholera, as it appeared in the Meerut Jail, hi July and August, 1856. — By R. S. Thking, Civil Assistant Surgeon. For some time before it appeared at this station, we had heard of the epidemic at Agra, and of its approach towards us from that direction. Early in July, it was stated to be severe at Khoorjah, and in some of the villages to the east of the Jumna between the former place and Dehli. The city and station of Meerut, and, I believe, the district also, contitinued remarkably healthy at this time, and free from any unusual amount of bowel complaints, which generally precede a visitation of epidemic Cholera. On the 15th of July two cas?s of Cholera were reported to have appeared in the Sudder Bazaar, both of which proved fatal. On the 18th 3 the first case appeared in the old Jail ; on this date there were 370 prisoners confined in it, almost all the sickly and infirm prisoners were included in this number, and the remainder of the prisoners, numbering about 680, were located in huts near the site of the new Jail, about a mile to the east of the station. These prisoners were, with a few exceptions, strong and healthy men, but I am sorry to say they were much too crowded in the huts. It had always been my intention to propose that the prisoners who were here from Boolundshuhur and Goorgaon should be sent to their respective zillahs before the rains set in, W , sฃ x ii si 31st 5 • &S - ot t h '' 'ffS August Ist 1 -,ง 2Cth ป -2 2nd w -ซ " 3rd 1 ง " Jl ง 4th .S-f " .ฃ-ง sth 1 " I^l ' 6th 1 o c* <ป ซ 7th 1 So j, ป ซ o Bth 4 h " ' H } 23 Report on Cholera cases admitted into the Meerut Dispensary as in-patients, from loth July, to 26th August, 1856. Nutiher Admitted. No. Admitted. Date. No. Died. Ihxte. No. Died. July 15th None None August 9th None. 16th 10 t.h 2 17 th nth n 18tU 12 th 19 th 13th )> II i 3 1 2 20th 1 Uh 21st 15 th 22nd 16 th 23 rd 17th 24 th 18 th 19 th 25th 26 th 20 th None. 27 th 21st n ป 22nd 28 th 3 1 1 1 2 2 29 th 23rd 30 th 24 th 25th 31st 26th August Ist 1 1 2nd 3rd 4th 5 th 1 1 Cth 7th 8 th List of the Distributers of Medicines during the Cholera Epidemic in the Meerut the 13th Diitricl, in July and August, 1856 : uy uiu.i Lrjivtiury aiuuu/t vj lrjce/ vi } u-ui tny tftc late Epidemic ; Meerut, Bth September, 1856. — By S. R. Turing, Civil Assistant Surgeon. Total No. of p Description of Persons. Strength. Deaths by pe , r , , Rejiarks. Cholera. of Mortality. European Troops, •ฆ 1,600 40 2-50 The strength and „ Women, •• •• 266 17 6-37 mortality of the Troops have been „ Children, •• •• 389 31 7-96 supplied from the Superintending Sur- Native Troops, • • • • 2,470 7 0-24 geon's office ; the mortality of the City Prisoners in the Jail, •• 1,090 90 8-25 and Cantonments are the numbers re- Residents of City, •• 35,000 708 2-02 ported from the Kotwalee. Do. of Cantonment Bazaars, 40,000 569 1-42 D 26 Report on the Cholera prevalent in Zillah Meerut, from 15th July, to 26th August, 1856. — By C. Curkie, Esquire, Officiating Magistrate, Meerut the 13th October, 1856. F p^ nn ฐ F Jail Hospital. ฃhie F Rest of the KAUN - City. District. Direction Date. . of J "f Wind. Admis- _. ? _ , _ o g B ;nn Deaths. Deaths. Deaths. 1856. July 15th to 30th 61 2! > 207 July 31st 5 5 Easterly. ll 4 15 August Ist 7 „ 4 5 36 2nd 9 5,, 12 9 54 3rd 3 10 „ 4 3 54 4th 19 10 „ 17 5 55 sth 10 5 „ 9 9 37 6th 3 5,, 9 8 51 7 th 1 Westerly. 5 5 43 Bth 1 „ 6 6 43 9th 5 „ l 0 29 10th 2 „ 2 I 28 11th 1 Easterly. 2 3 36 12th 2 6,, ฐ 1 26 13th Driz zling „ 3 0 20 14th 3 n 1 0 15 15th 2 5 n 2 15 16th 1 |f 9 17th 9 „ 8 18th 1 „ 8 19th „ 6 20th „ 5 21st „ 3 22nd n 0 23rd 6 „ 6 24th 5 fJ i 25th 24 Westerly. 1 26th 16 Easterly. 5 147 86 806 27 From H. P. Pane, Esquire, Officiating Magistrate, Boolundshuhur. to H. H, Greathed, Esquire, Commissioner, Ist Division, Meerut, No 107, dated Boolundshuhur, the 22nd October, 1856. Sir, I have the honor to furnish the return regarding Cholera, called for in your Circular No. 47, of the 23rd August last. You will perceive that the form transmitted by you has been very imperfectly filled up. The daily report of deaths in the city of Boolundshuhur is procurable only from the 23rd July to the 12th August, the period during which the disease was most violent. A memorandum of the daily deaths in the several Thannah jurisdictions has been received from only two Thannahs, the rest have transmitted merely a return of the total number of deaths from Cholera ascertained to have taken place in their respective districts. I fear that but little reliance can be placed on the accuracy of the returns ; but it must be remembered that these reports were called for at a time when the epidemic had in a great measure ceased. I am unable to account for the great difference in the number of deaths in the various districts. It would appear however that the neighbourhood of the Trunk Road suffered most from the epidemic. The almost entire freedom from the disease of the prisoners in the Jail during the time it prevailed in the Town t is a satisfactory proof of the healthiness and cleanliness of the building. With regard to paragraph 2 of your Circular, the daily fall of rain and direction of wind have been furnished for the period during which the Cholera prevailed ; it will be seen that the wind blew continuously from the east. A Native Physician in the city, in the pay of the Collector, has drawn up a report regarding the symptoms and treatment of the disease; it contains the best information procurable on the subject. He states that the sickness began in the southern quarter of the City, and prevailed most in the western, these being the parts principally inhabited by the lower castes j it was least in the northern quarter, which is contrary to what might be expected, as the northern part is low and consists principally of small houses. It attacked all classes of people, but raged principally among the lowest castes. The symptoms are thus reported. In the earlier cases merely vomiting took place, but afterwards the malady took the form of both vomiting and purging, with a burning sensation in the stomach, the face turned black, and the eye sunk; some patients purged so much that they died at once, but others lingered for 3or 4 days. In some cases profuse perspiration and fainting occurred. The Native Physician also stated that he remarked that when the first symptom of the malady was vomiting, and diarrhoea afterwards appeared, the attack was usually fatal, but when the. 28 diarrhoea occurred first and the vomiting supervened, the patient generally recovered. The details of the character and peculiar symptoms of the epidemic as received from the various parts of the district, do not differ materially from the account given above. No one class is mentioned as specially affected by the disease. The Thannahdar of Jewur reports that the first case in his district was of a travelling pedler from Goorgaon, and he adds that the disease was generally believed to have arisen from the village in which the pedler died. With reference to the 3rd paragraph of your Circular, I beg to state that the Native Physician above-mentioned was appointed about two years ago by Mr. Turnbull, and is paid by him; the cost of medicine is also disbursed by Mr. Turnbull. When the Cholera commenced, medicine was sent to the various Thannahs of the district, as well as to the Kotwalee of the city. They consisted mostly of draughts and pills made up according to the Physician's own recipe; the draughts were made of the juice of " Kurela" (Mamardicia Charantia), onion and mint, and the pills of assafoetida, musk, camphor, and opium ; these have been reported by him to have been efficacious, but he allows that he tried various medicines and found no one prescription effectual in all cases, nor did he remark that any one medicine was pre-eminently successful. Both in the city and in the district, much medicine was distributed by private individuals. Chowbe Dunput B-ae, Treasurer; Mr. Jones, of the Magistrate's office j Sheikh Abdool Qadur, Agent of Nuwab Moostufa Khan ; and Imdad Alee, Vakeel, supplied medicines in the city. Other names mentioned are Mehndo฿uksh, Agent of Nuwab Wulleedad Khan; Jugdees Rae and Shadee Ram of Syona; Oomrai Singh of Suhunpoor; Gunga Pershad of Soonera j Abdool Luteef Khan of Khunpore; Asghur Alee, Tehseeldar of Secundrabad, liuchmun Suroop of Secundrabad; and Syud Mohumed Khan of Doulutpore. The Suraogees of Secundrabad subscribed amongst themselves and distributed medicines. Peer Mohumed, the Thannahdar of Syana, says he had pills made of the Mudar flower and the milk of the same plant, black pepper and salt in equal parts, which he distributed and found efficacious. In connection with the subject of Cholera, I may mention a curious instance of ignorance and superstition on the part of the Hindoos of the village of Shekpore, in this district, which occurred during the height of the epidemic, and which, I regret to say, led to an affray, which however was not attended by any serious consequences. The inhabitants of Juiwal, with the view of removing the disease from their own village, went in a large body with musical instruments and a male buffalo with its horns painted red, with the intention of escorting the buffalo across the boundary of their village. The people of the next village, Sherpore, however, having received information of their intention, were waiting to prevent the buffalo being driven across the boundary, and 29 a collision with swords and sticks took place; however no one was killed, or even seriously wounded. The women too of some villages had processions with the object of transferring the disease to their neighbours, but instead of a buffalo, they took their old clothes, pots, &c, and threw them in the next village. .2 ฉ Jail Hospital. City Rest of the District. ซ ง"ง -.- Date. .ซg 'ฆงฃ a A ฃ q |-1 2 $ Deaths. 1856. July 12th None. Easterly. None. None. Thannah Syana. 13th 9 J" 1 " " " gi> From 28th July to 28th 14th None. „ „ „ g^ August, . ." .. .. ]74 IKfU o Ahar, from 18th July to 1 " " " &5 5 fe Dadree, 137 o , , S J Secundrabad, • • • • 739 21st " " " O^ Shikavpore, 557 22nd )5 ปs :> ง Boolundshuhur, exclusive o _ , of City, • 535 23rd ป 55 5> 6 24th ป >5 5> 16 Total, •• 4,103 25th To ป >ป >• 5 26th None. „ „ „ 6 27th ป 55 ป 17 28th to ป ป " 16 29th "5^ 55 55 55 24 30th None. ป „ ป 24 31st 1 inch. „ „ 5- 6 Augast Ist to ป ป " 28 2nd iir " " " 20 . 3rd lyV l " " 13 4th 1 T ? (7 55 ป " 20 sth None. „ ป n 24 6th fo ป " " 25 7th to ป " " U Btli fV. ป " " 13 9 th T V w " " 3 10th ~ ป ป " 5 Uth fo ป " " 2 Total, •••• 1 304 30 From W. C. Watson, Esquire, Officiating Magistrate of Allygurh to H. H. Greathed, Esquire, Commissioner of Meerut, No. 122, dated Allygurh, the 15th October, 1856. Sir, In compliance with the instructions conveyed in your letter No. 47, dated 23rd August, I hare the honor to submit in the prescribed tabular form, a statement of the deaths which occurred from Cholera in this District during the late visitation of the disease. 2. — I have also taken the liberty to furnish an additional tabular statement, which I hope will exhibit in a convenient form the degree in which the disease declared itself in different portions of the district. It likewise shews the per-centage of deaths on the population, and in each square mile. 3. — The returns from which these statements have been prepared, have been carefully tested, and I believe they may be recieved with some confidence of their general correctness. 4. — In consequence of the returns not having been called for till the disease had almost disappeared, it was found impossible to give a statement of the daily deaths with any approach to correctness, and it has not therefore been attempted. 5. — The prisoners in the Jail, as also the Burkunda/es and Nujeebซi forming the Guard, enjoyed a remarkable exception from the disease, only seven cases having occurred, none of which were fatal. 6. — The Regiment stationed at this place likewise escaped in a very remarkable manner. I am informed by the Medical Officer in charge that during the period when the disease was raging in other parts of the station and district, viz., in the months of June, July, and August, not a single case occurred in the Regimental hospital; and although there had been some fatal cases in the month of May, they do not seem to have been connected with the advent of the epidemic from which the rest of the district afterwards suffered. 7. — The ordinary measures of relief were adopted, and medicine prepared at the Dispensary in large quantities, was distributed to the people through the agency of the Police. 31 fe _• f _(^ kr^COCOto^COCOco fco o - — o> co > •sq?EO(l 1^)0? jo aS฿?uao.i9j "* > -? I T'? r 7 c ? l ?'??t t ? |-ซ — t 0< i-t •^ "i I M oin-ซ— >oปoo •Baoioqo uiojj si^a pox 2 Sl^^S^^^^S-S ซaซcoinooooa>ปnoo(N*n ฆ— O><— ฆlAOQlr-CQQซO Oi000ปno0wneor^co-*in " o co t^ ซ in co S ci f— ( -^* CO w* t-4 r~4 D A ฆnT3inn'-> in nan-i ~* ฐฐ W >-ซ CM in 5> S-< 9abu o} paui฿^.iaos \r ** ** — ~> >no ฆ*• b iniint '/Criifป iQT to i— t— r-itor-eoซococoeปo * snsuoQ o; Suipaoooy - 1 woปTtn ฆ<ป (N — •-> ฐ to •njaion^ tO nam cotฃ>o>coซ>r->f3Tj<-^coeo ง J 9ABl( OJ p9UtB^9OSV i-ป iH t-i CM ri O 32 jot-cneMojto r- o cm ono i 'oroi'Ani'Kim ซocoto-<*oocr>,-icoฉi-~in snsu9Q o+ guipjoooy jn^^^^^^^^^g • •^<(McOr-o>ncomOซot^ W -Sq^BOQ JO 83b^U90J9 J CO ?"TT"? r t?'?'T Q ?ฎ' : ? S ป w - - ง -Bj 3l oqo jo P 9ip wSSS^owSSSS fa 9abi{ o; pgui฿^jgosy ฐ* t^ ฆ-ซ oป m Q EQBI A[nr isx jo o> ซ ซo ซ -* r- — ซon ฆ* r r o ?? < ?l?? l ?' < ?ฎ c ? c ? J 1H -*CNi-l*r-<-l._L m uad^uujjo V d \V mtoco- 1 Hattrass, • • 1,937 T3 _S Attrowlee, •• 615 "o Secundrabad, 567 | „ Sasnee, • . 595 a •ฃ 6jd"| Akberabad,-- 1,210 -a<| Khyr, •• •• 1,295 Total, -.32.82 7 560 11,625 From R. C. Oldfield, Esquire, Assistant Secretary to Government, North Western Provinces, to H. H. Greathed, Esquire, Commissioner of the Meerut Division 6388, dated Agra, the 19th December 1856, Judicial Department. Sir, In reply to your letter, No. 249, of the Ist instant, I am desired to intimate that the papers submitted therewith, regarding the ravages committed by Cholera during last summer, will furnish a valuable addition to the information which is being collected from all quarters on this painfully interesting subject. They will be published with other reports for general perusal and reference. 2. — The Lieutenant Governor is deeply sensible of the zealous and humane efforts of the Civil and Medical Officers throughout your Division, for the mitigation of the effects of this peculiarly violent outbreak of disease. Dr. Thring, the Civil Assistant Surgeon at Meerut, had a special amount of labor and anxiety imposed upon him in the care of the large body of prisoners collected at that place, among whom, as well as in the city, the malady raged at one time with much virulence, and Mr. Edwards acted with laudable judgment and precaution in having stores of the needful medicines ready in anticipation of its progress to his district. 33 From R. Alexander, Esquire, Commissioner oj the 3rd, or Rohitkund Division, to C. B. Thornhill, Esquire, Officiating Secretary to the Government, North Western Provinces, No. 191, dated Rohilkund the 2 1st November, 1856. Sir, I have the honor to submit for the consideration and orders of His Honor the Lieutenant Governor, the annexed reports and enclosures from Magistrates of Districts in this Division, narrating the course and effects of the pestilence of Cholera which visited the province of Rohilkund in the past rainy season, as well as the other parts of the North Western Piovinces. 2. — The subject belongs more particularly to the Medical Department, and doubtless the results of experience gained, and facts discovered, in connection with the originating source of the malady, and with its more generally successful treatment, will be more fully discussed and appreciated at the proper time by those who are qualified to treat the subject professionally ; but, as in all matters of general and statistical enquiry in this country, the co-operation of the executive, in the Magistrate and Collector of the District, is necessary, I considered the demand for these reports from the Magistrates to be appropriate. 3. — They will serve, if no other purpose, to shew His Honor that the M agistrates in this Division were not wanting in zeal and effort to effect— as much as lay in their power — alleviation and remedy to the sufferings of the people under this scourge. 4.- — In Bijnour, Budaon and Bareilly, returns are offered of the numbers seized and of deaths. Reliance cannot be placed, I think, on these sufficient to establish any certain deductions; but, T apprehend, that of the numbers seized, the entries given are below the actual number; on the other hand, it is not improbable that out of the deaths, some may have been attributed in ignorance to Cholera. 5. — The district of Shajehanpore suffered the least, indeed very much less than any other district. 6.— 1 have addressed the Magistrate of Moradabad to know whether he can give me district returns, as Doctor Stiven's account applies exclusively to the jail and city ; but in Bareilly and Badaon, from the present report, the disease was most rife and virulent. 7. — The Medical Agency in these two districts was under Doctor Hay, the Civil Assistant Surgeon, and he has given a short report respecting Bareilly. 8. — It was not till after the disease had gained head that the Sub- Assistant Surgeon from Bijnour was deputed to Budaon, and the report for that district is written by Mr. Edwards. His record of deaths has been made after the progress of the disease had been checked, and is a table of mortality, not of casualties, from the disease, and without a mortality 34 register for a similar period and season in oilier years, no comparison, frorii which to make deductions, can be instituted. 9. — In Bijnour, Doctor Knight, the Civil Assistant Surgeon, seems to have assured himself of the value of gunpowder as a disinfectant, and certainly the result in the Jail was most satisfactory. It would have been well had he mentioned the number of prisoners in the Jail, and the actual number attacked in the vicinity without it. 10. — Doctor Knight and the Magistrate appear also to have taken pains to ascertain the relative number of deaths in cases which were treated, and in those for which no treatment was adopted, and to have satisfied themselves of the marked success which attended the remedies administered in treatment. 11. — I regret to have to mention that after the receipt of the Bareilly report, and when the fury of the disease was thought to have been expended, Cholera broke out in the Teraee pergunnahs of Roodurpore, &c, and that the loss of life has been great. The effect on the resources of these pergunnahs will be serious, for the one want is of cultivators, the Agency of Government supplying the remaining need of water for irrigation and advances for cultivation. From A. Shakespear, Esquibe, Magiitrate of Bijnour, to R. Alexander, Commissioner of the 3rd or Rohilkund Division, No. 72, dated Bijnour the 29th October, 1856. Sir, I have the honor, with reference to your Circular letter No. 48, dated the Bth ultimo, to submit copy of a report which I have just received from Doctor Knight, Civil Assistant Surgeon, on the measures adopted for mitigating the ravages of Cholera in this district during the past two months. 2. — I beg at the same time to forward half monthly statements made tip to the 15th instant, which have been prepared from the returns of the police Officers, by whom full particulars were given, showing name, date of attack, and subsequent result in each case. 3. — It is not to be supposed that these are all the cases which have occurred since the first case was reported in August, for doubtless in many outlying villages the apathy and incredulity of the people would withhold them from applying for medicine or reporting deaths. Still as strict orders were issued to the police to make known our wish that all classes should freely obtain the remedies noted by Doctor Knight, and regular supplies were kept at each thaunah and large police chowkee, it may be fairly assumed that the majority of the residents, in places not very far removed from the depots, appreciated, and availed themselves of the assistance thus afforded. . . 35 4. — Reference to the following table will give a general idea of the progress of the disease, the points from which it has passed off, and where it has abated or still continues to prevail. I have added a column to exhibit the percentage of deaths to cases reported, but I would remark that this item is swollen by the large number of deaths resulting where medicine was not obtained, which were about four to one as compared with the cases in which the prescribed remedies were taken :— Cases of Choleba Reported. ot — r — 3^2 Name of Tliannah n <ฐ - ป ซ ป ~ ฃ g< o or Chokee. S ซ o S I 2 g ฐ 2 ฃ g ฆS ซ II -2 -2 ซ * ฃ 2 to a| s& s& a- q งS o -.. -, „_. f Result not known.— lBs ceased pensarks, •• 1,255. j Curcc1 > •• W. Died, .. 876. | to attend. 95 In Thannahs, 3,369 Bottles of Medicines distributed, 327 Pills sent out, * 576 Total ascertained deaths, 3,739 persons. 51 7 Remarks on the Epidemic Cholera which visited the Bar eilhj district from June to August 1856 It did not attract much attention in the civil lines and city until July, up to which time it had been rife in the Cantonments and in the Sudder Bazaar, where private servants and many others of the native community fell victims to the scourge. At the request of the Brigade Major, I supplied several bottles of Cholera Mixture and Cholera Pills, which were made over to the Kotwal of the Bazaar for distribution to all who might be attacked with symptoms of Cholera) and where the medicine, especially the Mixture, was administered early in the disease, favorable results were generally the consequence. The receipt for the Mixture and the Pills will be sent with these remarks. They have been used for some years past in this district, and are generally taken with much confidence by Natives as to the benefit likely to result therefrom. The Mixture is also used in cases of snake bite, and 1 have constant applications from residents in Cantonments and elsewhere for a bottle of the snake medicine, as poor people from the neighbouring villages constantly require it. From the middle of July the Cholera began to make itself more present to my notice, it having commenced its operations in this Jail, and here and there in the civil lines. There were cases of it amongst domestic servants and their friends and relatives. About the 15th of July I had occasion to visit Nynee Tal, and did not return until the 29th of that month, by which time the disease was in full play in almost every part of the district south of the Terai. In the city, at the Lunatic Asylum, main and branch Dispensaries, in fact in all parts, nothing was heard of, or thought of, but the ravages of Cholera, and the alarm in the minds of the people amongst the educated and uneducated regarding it was considerable. The type of the disease did not differ in any particular respect from what is usually observed during the progress of a visitation of epidemic Cholera. In many cases one vomiting and two or three motions apparently sufficed to bring the patient to death's door, and in all cases, unless remedies were very speedily resorted to, the disease terminated fatally. Early in August, Cholera depots were established and placed in charge of the City and Tehseelee Vaccinators, who were doing duty at the main Dispensary. From that time the epidemic seemed to be on the wane, for each day's and each week's report up to the end of the month indicated a gradual but perceptible diminution in the number of cases and in the severity of the attacks. A week after I returned from Nynee Tal, the Native Doctor attached to the Civil Station was seized with Cholera. This illness and its depressing consequences deprived me of the services of this 52 man for nearly a month, during which time I had to make the best arrangements I could for the performance of his duties. No residents in the station suffered from an attack of this disease, although bowel complaints were frequent and the demands for remedies suited to such ailments numerous. When the Cholera depots were established in the city, medicines not only adopted for cases of Cholera, but also for diarrhoea, dysentery, fever and other diseases common at this time of the year were made over to Vaccinators stationed at these depots to distribute, that they might make themselves as useful as possible; and if any dependence can be placed upon the returns which were sent in to me, as to the number of applicants for relief, it would appear that many others besides those attacked by Cholera obtained benefit from the medicines administered to them. All the Vaccinators were, I believe, in the receipt of the usual allowance granted to Tehselee Vaccinators, and the only individual who did work without any remuneration was Mohumud Buksh, whom I employed to visit all the depots each day, and on his way from place to place to make enquiries into the amount of Cholera prevailing in the different Mohullahs, and if he met with any cases, to administer appropriate remedies without delay. This man was formerly employed as acting Native Doctor with a gang of prisoners at Pillibheet; but since the prisoners have been moved into Bareilly he has been in attendance at the Bareilly Dispensary waiting for any thing that might fall to his lot. I think he should be remunerated for his voluntary exertions during the month of August last, for I consider he did good service in various ways during the late visitation of Cholera. Cholera Mixture. rZ oz. of Quicklime in 9 oz. of water, with 2 oz. of Amraoauarter bottle 6 I nia ' reduced by careful straining to 60z., with 12 oz.of L water, 6 oz. of Rum, and \ drachm of Opium added. Opium Pills. p2 grains Opium, -% Receipt No, 1. < 1 grain Assafoetida, l-For one pill. y- 1 grain Red Pepper. J fl grain Opium, _ . „ n J 1 grain Croton, I _ Receipt No. 2. ฆ(?., one pill. I 1 gram Aloes, j \JI grain Assafoetida. J 53 No. 1. — Statement of Cholera Patients treated in Dispensaries for June, July and Avgusi 1856. v v '-< > Name of City and Out- "1 13 -1151 15 -I ง j t> Dispensaries. II || M 3 Remarks. fcO fc" fc^ o City, 174 99 49 322 From 30th Juae to end of August. Killa Branch, 64 23 12 99 Ditto ditto. Old Town ditto, 69 7 22 98 Ditto ditto. Cholera Depot Mullookpore,- -47 9 4 60 From sth to 27th Angus. „ „ Gurhee, •• 16 4 10 30 Ditto ditto. „ ? Shahamut Gunj, 32 13 4 49 Ditto ditto. „ „ Bhoor, • • •• 22 4 6 32 Ditto ditto. „ ? Behareepore, 41 7 6 54 Ditto ditto. Pillibheet Dispensary, .... 99 11 13 123 For June, July and August. Beharee ditto, 68 32 33 133 Ditto ditto. Aonlah ditto, 109 43 22 174 Ditto ditto. Beesulpore ditto, 40 12 0 52 Ditto ditto. Roodurpore ditto, 14 11 4 29 Ditto ditto. Total, •ซ• .. 795 275 185 1,255 Statement shewing distribution of Cholera Medicine in June, July and August 1856. Disbursement. Bottles. Sent to Pillibheet, 10 n Cotwalee Bareilly and Chokees, •• • • •• • • •• • • •• • • 94 „ Furreedpore and its subordinate Chokees, •••• ••-? •••• 21 „ Beharee, • • •• • • •• • • •• • • •• • • •• • • •• • • 25 „ Meergunj, •• ...% .... .... ...• .... .... 15 „ Shahee, 20 „ Beesulpore, •••• •••• •••• •••• •••• •••• 13 „ Aonlah, •• •••• •••• •••• •••• ••ฆ• •••• 19 „ Nawabgunj, •••• •••• •••ซ •••• •••• • ••• 14 „ Roodurpore, •••• •••• •••• •••• •••• •••• 3 „ Ghat Kyara, ป • • 4 „ „ Surdarnugger, •• •••• •••• •••• •••• •••• 6 „ Dmlah Foujdaree, • 27 „ „ Collectory, •• • • •••• •••• •••• •••• •••• 15 „ Dawk Office, 2 „ Road Fund Department, ป•• •• 8 „ Shimboonath Thakoor, 2 „ Sudder Ameen's Office, •• • • •• • • •• • • •• • ป •• • • 1 „ Beharee Lall, Mookhtyar, • • 2 „ Essreepershad, ditto, •••• •••• •••• •••• •••• 2 „ Magistrate, •••• •• ? •••• •••• •••• •••• 12 „ Deputy Magistrate, •• 12 54 Statement of the Persons who died from Cholera, during the 3rd Quarter, i. c., from June to August 1856. _ m • -2S .A a "3 Months. S . ซ' c -A ง o o Remarks. can: 53 S' 33 - o^^ oj ป M a SS 1 *