JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, 
ELUTED BY 
C. O, WHITMAN, 
Director or Tim Lake Lahoratohy, Milwaukee, Wis., recently or the Museum 
or CoMI'AKATlVE ZOOLOGY, CAMBRIDGE, MASS., 
WITH THE COOPERATION OF 
EDWARD PHELPS ALLIS, JR., 
Milwaukee. 
CROWN OCTAVO. 
From two to four numbers a year, of 150 to 200 pages each, with from 
five to ten Lithographic Plates. 
SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: 
Vol. I. (two numbers), $6.00. 
Vol. II. (three numbers), $9.00. 
Single Numbers, $3.50. 
The JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY is devoted to the pre- 
*■ sentation of original research in all branches of animal 
morphology, but principally in embryology, anatomy and histology. 
The title of the Journal defines its scope only in a general way, and 
has been intentionally left free of all restrictives that would hamper 
discretional freedom in the admission of desirable papers pertaining 
to human anatomy and embryology, or even such botanical papers 
as deal with subjects of equal interest to zoologists and botanists. 
As long as this remains the only Journal in our country that 
offers to publish zoological papers with adequate illustration, it will 
be both unnecessary and inexpedient to exclude important papers 
because they do not happen to be strictly morphological. No such 
rigid test has ever been applied in a journal of this kind, and a little 
reflection will show that it is clearly impracticable. Many of our 
best papers must deal with mixed problems pertaining no less — 
often more — to physiology than to morphology. The end of ob- 
servation is interpretation, and the goal of all morphology lies in 
physiology, taken in its broadest and deepest sense. Embryology 
is one of the leading branches of morphology, and yet many of its 
more important problems are among the highest known to physiol- 
ogy. These problems are at present inseparably, connected with morphological work, and hence cannot properly be excluded from 
a morphological journal. The same holds true in anatomy and 
histology; for example, in the case of the sense-organs. The phys- 
iological explanation of these organs is what we are all striving for, 
whether we call ourselves morphologists or physiologists. So long 
as morphologists do most of the work, they will command the field, 
and their discussions and experimental observations will not be out 
of place by the side of their morphological studies. The time may 
come when animal physiology can be separated from animal mor- 
phology to the same extent that human physiology is now separable 
from human anatomy, but we are yet a long way from such con- 
ditions. For the present we must recognize the fact, that the 
relations and bearings of a subject often outweigh the logic of con- 
ventional distinctions, and sanction what might be construed as a 
violation of the letter, though not the spirit, of our terminology. 
The Journal has met with a most encouraging reception, both at 
home and abroad. Its character and aims have been approved by 
a very large number of the highest authorities in biology, and its 
support on the part of contributors is rapidly increasing, making 
it necessary to publish a supplementary number to the second vol- 
ume. It thus becomes evident that the Journal meets a real need 
and supplies a stimulus to scientific activity. 
It has of course been clearly seen from the outset, that the Jour- 
nal could not have a large number of subscribers, as its circulation 
must be confined mainly to scientific libraries and to the few inves- 
tigators who are able to maintain a private library. Still it is 
desirable, to say the least, that such a periodical should become 
self-sustaining; and there is every reason to believe that its present 
circulation can be doubled in the course of a year or two, with such 
generous encouragement as has been given by many of the leading 
morphologists of the country, and by the American Society of Nat- 
uralists. But when the utmost that can be expected in this direction 
has been accomplished, the point of maximum efficiency will still 
be unattainable, except through the aid of a liberal endowment. 
Most of our lithographic work has now to be executed in Ger- 
many, at a great loss of time, and inconvenience in supervision. 
There is no remedy except in the employment of an expert lith- 
ographer, to work under our immediate direction. Journals of this 
kind are not expected to undertake the publication of very extended 
2 memoirs and monographical works, but it is evident that the ability 
to do this would greatly enlarge the Journal’s sphere of usefulness 
and influence. 
There are hopeful indications of a growing interest in this coun- 
try in the morphological sciences. This is seen in the increased 
demand for instruction in these branches of knowledge, in the im- 
portance now attached to the maintenance of morphological lab- 
oratories in our leading colleges and universities, in the founding of 
a new marine laboratory at Wood’s I loll; in the maintenance by 
Mr. Allis of the Lake Laboratory, devoted wholly to research ; in 
the general desire to enjoy the advantages of such well-known 
marine laboratories as that of Mr. Agassiz at Newport, and the 
Chesapeake Zoological Laboratory, under the direction of Dr. 
Ilrooks. The outlook is most encouraging, and we may con- 
fidently predict a great increase in scientific productivity. 
The demands upon the Journal will evidently increase rather 
than diminish, and it should be amply equipped for the task before 
it. May not a journal devoted to pure science, the first and only 
one of the kind in America, published in the interest of the zool- 
ogists of the entire country, its character and aims commended by 
the foremost morphologists of the world, — may not such a journal 
appeal with propriety and confidence for every aid it may stand in 
need of for the fulfilment of its mission? 
CONTENTS OF VOLUME I., NUMBER 1. SEPTEMBER, 1887. 
I. PROF. R. RAMSAY WRIGHT, and A. B. MACALLUM, University Col- 
lege, Toronto, Canada. Sphyranura Osleri, a contribution to American 
Helm inthology. 
II. DR. J. S. KINGSLF.Y, State University, Bloomington, Ind. The Development 
of the Compound Eyes of Crangon. 
III. DR. WILLIAM PATTEN, Assistant in the Lake Laboratory, Milwaukee, 
Wis. Eyes of Molluscs and Anthropods. 
IV. DR. G. BAUR, Assistant in Yale College Museum, New Haven, Conn. On 
the Phylogenetic Arrangement of the Sauropsida. 
V. C. O. WHITMAN, Director of the Lake Laboratory, Milwaukee, Wis. A 
contribution to the History of the Germ-layers in Clepsine. 
VI. PROF. E. B. WILSON, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa. The Germ- 
bands of Lumbricus. 
3 VII. DR. WILLIAM PATTEN, Assistant In the Lake Laboratory, Milwaukee, 
Wis. Studies on the Eyes of Anthropods. 
I. Development of the Eyes of Vespa, with Observations on the Ocelli of some 
Insects. 
THIS NUMBER CONTAINS SEVEN DOUBLE LITHOGRAPHIC PLATES AND 
ONE HELIOTYPE PLATE. 
NUMBER 2. DECEMBER, 1887. 
I. C. O. WHITMAN. The Kinetic Phenomena of the Egg during Maturation 
and Fecundation. ( Ookinesis.) 
II. DR. W. B. SCOTT, of Princeton College, N. J. The Embryology of Petro- 
myzon. 
III. DR. HENRY ORR, Princeton, N. J. A contribution to the Embryology of 
the Lizard. 
IV. DR. II. F. OSBORN, Princeton College, N. J. The Fa’tal Membranes of 
the Marsupials. 
V. GEORGE W. and ELIZABETH G. PECKIIAM, Milwaukee, Wis. Some 
Observations on the Afental Powers of Spiders. 
THIS NUMBER CONTAINS TEN LITHOGRAPHIC PLATES. 
THE FIRST NUMBER OF VOLUME II., TO BE ISSUED IN JULY, 1888, 
WILL CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING PAPERS. 
I. FREDERICK TUCKERMAN, M. D., Amherst, Mass. Observations on the 
Structure of the Gustatory Organs of the Bat (vespertilio subulatus.') 
II. E. D. COPE. On the Tritubercular Molar in Human Dentition. 
III. C. O. WHITMAN. The Seat of Formative and Regenerative Energy. 
IV. DR. II. F. OSBORN, Princeton College, N. J. A Contribution on the 
Amphibian Brain. 
V. DR. WILLIAM PATTEN, Assistant in the Lake Laboratory, Milwaukee, 
Wis. Studies on the Eyes of Arthropods. 
2. Eyes of Acilius. 
THIS NUMBER WILL CONTAIN THIRTEEN PLATES. 
4 The contents of the second and third numbers cannot now be 
announced in full, but the following papers are among those to 
appear: — 
The Ossicula Auditus of the Ratrachia. By E. D. COPE. 
Further Studies on Grammicolepis brachiusculus Poey. By R. W. SIIUFELDT. 
On the Development of Manicina areolata. By HENRY V. WILSON. 
Studies on the Testudinata. By DR. G. BAUR. 
Uterus and Embryo. By C. S. MINOT. 
The Structure and Development of the Visual Area in the Trilobite, Phacops rana 
Green. By J. M. CLARKE. 
The Sense-organs of the Lateral Line System in Amia calva. By EDWARD 
PHELPS ALLIS, JR. This will be the first of a series of papers on the 
Anatomy and Embryology of Amia, and will be illustrated with fifteen or 
more lithographic plates. 
'Fhe second number of the current volume will be published in 
September or October, and the third number in December. 
TESTIMONIALS FROM AMERICAN BIOLOGISTS. 
TIIE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NATURALISTS. 
To DR. C. O. WHITMAN and MR. E. P. ALLIS, JR. 
Gentlemen'.—The following Resolution was carried by a unanimous vote at the 
last annual meeting of this Society, held at New Haven, December 29, 1887: — 
Resolved, That “The American Society of Naturalists” send to the editors of the 
“Journal of Morphology” their congratulations on the work which they have under- 
taken, and that the sum of ($60) sixty dollars be appropriated from the funds of 
the Society for the purchase of ten (10) copies of the first volume of the Journal, and 
Resolved, That a committee of three (3) be appointed by the chair to decide 
upon the best manner of distributing the copies purchased, with a view to secur- 
ing to the Journal a wider circulation. 
Very respectfully yours, 
January 4, 1888. SAMUEL F. CLARKE, Secretary. 
Prof. E. L. MARK, Harvard University: The first number of the 
Journal of Morphology, so anxiously awaited by zoologists, seems to me to sur- 
pass in every way the expectations even of those who have had the highest hopes 
for its success. Evidently no pains has been spared by either editor or publisher 
to make it first-class. Everyone in the country interested in zoology will be justly 
proud that at last we possess a zoological magazine which is equal to the best 
European publications. 
5 THE NATION, New York (Prof B. G. Wilder, Cornell University): 
The Journal of [Animal] Morphology is the most ambitious American enterprise 
in pure zoology since the “ Contributions ” of the elder Agassiz, and, if duly sus- 
tained, will greatly advance science and be an honor to the country. Self-interest, 
pride of country, and regard for the progress of unmixed morphology, alike call 
upon every American zoologist to aid in the firm establishment of this most com- 
mendable publication, produced as it is by the association of Boston with a city 
of the “ Great Northwest.” 
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OP SCIENCE (Ed. by James D. and 
Edward S. Dana): This new Journal comes into existence with all those high qual- 
ities as regards grade of scientific memoirs, beauty, fullness of illustrations, paper, 
typography and generous capacity, that we usually look for as the characteristics of 
slowly developed and successful maturity. It shows confidence in the scientific 
spirit of the country by placing itself at once on a level with the journals of the 
kind abroad, and well merits the success it looks for. 
Prof. H. NEWELL MARTIN, Johns Hopkins University: I am sure 
that in future years the commencement of the publication of the Journal will be 
regarded as making an epoch in the history of American morphological science. 
SCIENCE (W. T. Sedgrvick, Mass. Inst, of Technology) : In this period- 
ical we have a substantial token of the progress of two distinct undertakings, of 
which all American scientists ought to be proud. The first is that of Dr. Whit- 
man, the editor, whose hope and struggle for many months have been to set going 
in the right way a zoological periodical that shall worthily represent American 
morphologists before the world, and be a suitable outlet for our strong and in- 
creasing zoological literature. Prof. Whitman has certainly succeeded in making 
a good start. The other undertaking is that of Edward Phelps Allis, Jun., of 
Milwaukee, with whose cooperation the Journal is edited by Dr. Whitman. Mr. 
Allis first formed and then put into active operation the idea of a private biolog- 
ical laboratory of research. 
THE MICROSCOPE (Ed. by W. P. Manton, Detroit, Mich.): The Jour- 
nal is a magnificent contribution to the knowledge, science and push of the 
country. 
Dr. R. W. SHUFELDT (Captain Medical Corps, U. S. Army): As a 
scientist of this country, I am more than proud of the work. It pleases me from 
cover to cover. 
Prof. R. RAMSAY WRIGHT, University College, Toronto: It is the 
most elegant publication of the kind. 
Prof. ALPHEUS HYATT, Afus. of Comp. Zool., Harvard University: 
The Journal is a credit to the country, and every man of science ought to make 
an effort in its support. 
Dr. HENRY F. OSBORN, Princeton College: The arrangement and 
execution of the first number of the Journal are admirable. I trust you will sustain 
the present standard, both of matter and form, which leaves nothing to be desired. 
AMERICAN NATURALIST (Ed. by Cope & Kingsley) : The appear- 
ance of the Journal of Morphology seems an event of sufficient importance in the 
6 history of American science to warrant more than a mere announcement. Several 
times have magazines been started which were fondly expected to play the same 
part in the United States that the Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science does 
in England, but all have lamentably failed. Their editors have not succeeded in 
gaining the confidence and support of the best American workers. This rock Dr. 
Whitman has apparently escaped, and his first number, in variety and breadth of 
treatment, as well as in beautiful appearance, will compare favorably with any 
publication in the Old World. 
Prof. A. S. PACKARD, Brcnvn University: It is high class in every par- 
ticular, and a great credit to the country; and for one, I am proud of it. 
TESTIMONIALS FROM EUROPEAN BIOLOGISTS. 
Prof. ANTON DOHRN, Director of the Zoological Station at Naples: 
With the cooperation of the distinguished naturalists who have contributed to the 
first number, you need no further help to secure a wide circulation of the Journal. 
I have been especially pleased with the editorial remarks regarding the lack of 
concentration in the biological productions of the United States. Every serious 
worker in biology will heartily endorse this, and therefore second your efforts to 
improve that lamentable state of things. 
Prof. CARL GEGENBAUR, University of Heidelberg, Germany: I 
wish the enterprise the best success. The grounds presented by Mr. Whitman in 
the introduction for the publication of this Journal are so evident that it is certain 
to meet with prosperity, provided it succeeds in arousing the interest of the scien- 
tific public. In this direction the first number makes a fine beginning. 
Prof. RUDOLF LEUCKART, University of Leipsic: Your undertaking, 
in my opinion, is most promising, the more so as the debut has been so successful. 
Morphology is the watchword of the zoology of to-day. It dominates almost every- 
where, and so exclusively as to take precedence of all else. IIow different when 
some forty years ago I wrote my contributions to the Morphology of the Inverte- 
brates, and my colleagues denied every justification to the aim. Now one must 
almost ask indulgence for work in other fields of investigation. 
Prof. G. B. HOWES, Normal School of Science and Royal School of Mines, 
London : I hail with intense satisfaction the publication of a Journal which, while 
it marks an epoch in the progress of science in America, gives promise of originality 
and merit second to that of none extant. The “get up” leaves nothing to be de- 
sired; it is in every way worthy of both the dignity of the biological sciences and 
the thoroughness of the work which forms the subject matter. 
Prof. H. RABL-RUCKHARD, University of Berlin : Judged from the 
contents of the first number, the Journal is destined to rank among the best of the 
Old World. It has the advantage of commending itself, and needs no other praise. 
Prof. WILHELM HIS, University of I.eipsic : lam greatly pleased with 
its contents and its appearance. The Journal will certainly win friends very rapidly. 
7 Prof. H. LUDWIG, University of Bonn : I am delighted with the excel- 
lent and many-sided memoirs contained in it. If future numbers keep up to this 
standard, the Journal of Morphology will soon be reckoned among the most impor- 
tant scientific journals of the world. 
Prof. J. B. CARNOY, The Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium: The 
work is magnificent, the press-work excellent, the plates superb. It is in every re- 
spect worthy of science and of America. 
Dr. C. PH. SLUITER, Librarian, Royal Society in Dutch Lnciia, Batavia: 
The contents and “ get up” of the volume are first-class. 
Prof. AUGUST WPjISMANN, University of Freiburg: It supplies a 
long-felt need, not only for America, but for Europe as well, and will, I trust, meet 
with the success it so richly deserves. 
Prof. A. GRUBER, University of Freiburg : The work is admirable and 
magnificently executed. 
Prof. W. FLEMMING, University of Kiel: You may be certain that I, 
with all morphologists of Germany, welcome the Journal of Morphology as a new 
and great contribution to the progress of science. 
Dr. PAUL MAYER, Ell. of the Zoological Review of the Naples Station: 
America needed such a journal, and you are on the right way. 
Prof. F. VEJDOVSKY, University of Prague : A careful study of the 
contents of the first number convinces me that the Journal of Morphology is des- 
tined to fulfil a very important mission in the advancement of the biological sciences. 
The Publishers will be happy lo send a single specimen number lo any one who 
thinks of subscribing at the reduced price of $3.00. 
GINN & COMPANY, Publishers, 
Boston, New York, and Chicago. 
Agent for Great Britain: WM. Pi COLLINS, 157 Great Portland Street, London. 
Agents for Germany: FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Berlin, N. W.| CarlstrasBe, 11,