h> ftUwjfc (WS*) VALEDICTORY ADDRESS, DELIVERED AT THE SECOND ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT OF THE HOMEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA MARCH 2, 1850, BY WILLIAM S. HELMUTH, M. D. Professor of Homoeopathic Institutes, and the Practice oX. Medicine. p hil adelphia: Merrihew & Thompson, Printers, No. 7 Carter's Alley. 1850. VALEDICTORY ADDRESS, DELIVERED AT THE SECOND ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT OF THE HOMEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA, / MARCH 2, 1850, BY (I WILLIAM S. HELMUTH, M. D. Professor of Homoeopathic Institutes, and the Practice of Medicine. P HILADELPHIA: Merrihew & Thompson, Printers, No. 7 Carter's Alley. 1850. VALEDICTORY ADDRESS. The circumstances connected with occasions like the present are of an interesting character; nor is the interest confined to the few individuals most prominently engaged, but extends itself to the entire community. The profession of medicine involves great responsibilities, to magnify which requires neither the aid of fancy nor the skil- fully wrought language of eloquence. To the physician is entrusted not only the lives of those upon whose existence depends all the Various and endearing ties of domestic life, but to his skill and ability are consigned the health of statesmen and warriors, upon the prolongation of whose lives may depend the welfare of nations. With the public announcement, therefore, that certain gentle- men have passed through a specified course of study, are prepared and are now to be authorized to practice this profes- sion, are connected many serious considerations. If the public exhibit less interest than the importance of the occasion war- rants, it is not that this importance is neither felt nor undervalued, but because the power to grant medical degrees has been entrusted to those who were supposed qualified for the duty; and who, not only from a rigid moral sense would deny such trust to the undeserving, but were fully conscious that to do otherwise would compromise their own characters, as well as that of the profession. Medicine, until within the last fifty years, has ever been an uncertain art; and if the confession of this uncertainty were not 4 found upon the pages of its most distinguished writers of every age and nation, the assertion is sustained by the fluctuations of doctrine and practice which its annals reveal. These various doctrines, sometimes of similar, at others of dissimilar character, exerted their influence for longer or shorter periods of time. To the followers of such as acquired most notoriety, significant appellations were applied. Hence the formation of sects—among the most celebrated of which were the Dogmatists, Empirics and Methodics—also the Chemical and Mechanical. The chief object of the Methodics was to simplify medicine; and the most celebrated of its leaders, who modestly styled himself the conqueror of physicians, proclaimed his ability to teach the whole art of medicine in six months! The Dog- matists approached the truth, when enunciating the necessity of knowing, not only the ostensible, but latent causes of disease. The application of chemical or mechanical Jaws to control vital action was necessarily fallacious. The Empirical sect considered experience as the only true method by which practical knowledge was to be acquired. Did disease ever present itself with precisely the same symptoms, the precept would be true, and standards could be obtained for future guidance. To Empiricism physicians must always have resorted, as no certain practical benefits could be the results of the hypothetical doctrines of the other sects to which I have adverted, and, therefore, throughout the whole history of medicine, we trace its presence. Of this kind of practice, the general use at the present time of iodine and cod-liver oil exhibits as superlative examples, as ever could have been witnessed in the darkest eras of medical art. With an inconsistency which the human character often displays, Empiricism, far removed as it is from true science and successful result, though probably the nearest approach to truth which allceopathic medicine ever attains, is contemptuously regarded; and Charlatan and Empiric are synonymous terms of reproach. We have often heard of the great improvements in medicine, 5 but so far as the practical part is concerned, instead of evidence to corroborate this assertion, examination discovers nothing else than the hypothetical principles and practical means of former centuries; disguised, indeed, in modern phraseology, and pro- mulgated under the more popular and plausible appellation of " rational medicine." The uncertainty of medical practice is still further confirmed in the wide-spread diffusion, at the present time, especially, of innumerable nostrums, under the names of panaceas, balsams, syrups, pectorals, and lozenges. This form of Empiricism, so pernicious to mankind, and so fatal to science, is the legitimate offspring of the medicine which has for centuries prevailed. So presumptuous has quackery become, in this, its golden era, that our offices as well as domestic firesides are polluted by the daily intrusion of caricatured representations of disease in blurred and blotted wood-cuts. Nostrums are very emphatically denounced in the assemblies of medical men, yet not only are they often taken into special favour and warmly commended, but gentlemen high in station are not ashamed to unite their names with some one or other of these " opprobria"" of science. Such unworthy fellowship has stimulated other nostrum venders to more ambitious aim, and enabled them to discover in the marvellous effects of tincture of red pepper and lobelia, or in some of the ordinary expectorants, with hot water and the aid of *povos, or time, the elements of systematic or veritable medicine. If medicine has always been so uncertain an art, the question naturally arises, how it attained its elevated rank? To which it is replied, that independently of an inherent importance, many circumstances conspired to such a result, among which may be particularly mentioned superstition and religion—two of the most powerful agents in influencing the human mind; both of which were intimately blended with medical doctrine and prac- tice. Medical history of every age tells of this union with superstition, and we are familiar with the fact, that for many ages, throughout the world, medicine was taught and practiced by the ministers of religion. 6 In another period of its existence it associated itself with the philosophical doctrines of the time; and hence, with the aid of superstition, religion and philosophy, it necessarily assumed a high place in the estimation of mankind—and although with the general diffusion of knowledge it was detached from these auxiliaries, any loss sustained by the separation, was compen- sated by the ingenious and plausible attachment of Physiology, Pathology, and other branches of science with which it is closely and of necessity related, and which, it is conceded, have within the last hundred years rapidly advanced. In bringing these branches of science to support the false doctrines of practical medicine, Truth literally may be said to be the hand-maid of Error. That form of medicine, therefore, which rests its chief claim of merit on antiquity, may be regarded in its theory as an edifice tolerably well constructed and highly ornamented, but in practice resembling a false religion which it enshrines. To the expe- rienced and deeply read in Allceopathic medicine, a still further resemblance may be recognized, which, though not avowed, is felt, viz. that in the medicine of the past as well as of the present, there is an exoteric, or teaching for those without, and an esoteric, or different belief for those within. By these remarks it is not intended to depreciate what is good, or to misrepresent what is true ; but, for the purpose of preparing the mind for the reception of a great truth, it is often necessary to disabuse it of long cherished error. At the close of the last century, a new light shed its radiance upon science ; nor did it rise gradually above the horizon, but like the sun of northern climes, rapidly reached the zenith, and thence diffused its rays over the whole circle of medicine. By its guiding light the student of practical medicine distinctly sees the path of knowledge, and need no longer thread his way through the labyrinths of error, which only embarrass and be- wilder, and from which he cannot extricate himself with the clue of hypothesis; which proves less servicable than even that of ancient fable. But although the pathway be illumined with the pure and 7 unwavering light of the principle " Similia similibus curantur," or Homoeopathy, time and patience will be required to travel over its length and breadth ; for by its wayside, and over its entire course, many flowers are to be gathered, minerals to be analyzed, and experiments to be made. By the precept, " Similia similibus curantur," is understood that medicines cure diseases which present symptoms similar, not only in character, but in kind, to the symptoms which such medicines produce in healthy bodies. It will be perceived that the proposition distinctly enunciates "similarity," not "identity." The philosophical mind will also detect that it embraces " a law of cure," for the most successful application of which there is necessarily demanded, a more profound acquaintance with Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, and other kindred branches of medicine, than is required by any other medical doctrine. In the discovery of this great law, practical medicine at once became from an uncertain art, an exact, science. Disease, which for so many centuries derided and baffled the means used for its destruction, has in it encountered a victor. Not only, by it, is acute disease of the most violent character speedily subdued, but the scientific application of the law, promises the eradication of those chronic maladies which, by transmission, embitter the happiness of successive generations. At this place, and at this time, I avail myself of the opportunity to declare for myself and for my colleagues of this college, that so far as our humble abilities permit, believing, as we do, in the simplicity of nature's laws, and the universality of their application, it is our intention to teach and practice the doctrine in its entire purity; and any departure from such intention would be considered personally disreputable and treasonable to science. Physicians having fruitlessly endeavored, for a period of more than two thousand years, to ascertain certain means of cure, it might have been supposed that the announcement of a law which imparted this long desired knowledge would have been received with acclamation. But it encountered, as have all other discoveries in science, the opposition, not only of the 8 unlearned, but of the learned. Its magnitude and brilliancy appear to have confounded and bewildered a large portion of the medical profession. In proportion as Homoeopathy rapidly and widely spreads, the opposition becomes more vehement. Of its amount and character we are fully aware. But regarding ourselves as placed in the situation of individuals, in a house strongly built, and whose foundation is upon a rock, we heed not the clamour without, and know that, as the turbulence of the storm increases, its termination approaches. Many of the objections adduced against Homoeopathy are so trivial and puerile as to require no notice. There are others, however, which, if not sound, are at least plausible, and are, therefore, entitled to some attention. It is alleged that the contents of a pocket case of the medicines commonly used, may be taken, not only with impunity, but that no perceptible effects will be experienced. Supposing the assertion true, which it is not, as a solid objection it is devoid of weight. For medicine to act, the system must be in a favorable or susceptible condition for such action. This, as a principle, is taught and practised in Allceopathic Medicine. In a state of health, light is the medium of a most important sense, yet to eyes in an inflamed condition it may be intolerable. Some individuals can consume a bottle of wine at a jovial sitting, a table spoonful of which, if taken in some morbid conditions of the brain, heart or stomach, might prove fatal. The smallest quantity of salt increases thirst to an intolerable degree in certain fevers of high action ; and a few drops of cold water poured upon the neck of a person already chilled, will occasion intense shivering. Beyond the province of medicine there are examples of similar susceptibility. A very feeble sound produces vibrations from a similarly tuned string. The velocity of a ball, already in motion, is much increased by imparting to it a very slight impulse in a similar direction. A particular condition of the atmosphere and the sun's rays is necessary for the formation of 9 a rainbow; or for the mirage, or optical illusion of the Fata Morgana, or castles of the Fairy Morgana, as witnessed by travellers in tb.e Straits of Messina. Further illustrations of particular conditions or susceptibilities being requisite for the production of certain effects, whether such condition be an arrangement merely, or a motion of particles, it were needless to adduce. The most forcible objection appears to be the impossibility of infinitesimal doses to act. Before briefly considering this point, it is distinctly asserted that the law of " similia similibus curantur," did it stand alone, and without any analogies to support it, has long since been abundantly proved, both by experiment and observation; and that no scientific truth can be, or is, supported by more full or satisfactory evidence. The examples adduced will be taken from various sources, the object being to show the effects produced by causes inappre- ciable to our senses. In man we observe the influence of mind upon his physical organism. The emotion of intense joy produces weeping and hysteria. Chagrin and anger may occasion jaundice and colic. Mental anxiety impairs the appetite, or its long continuance may seriously affect the heart. Intense grief whitens the hair. Other effects of mental origin may be as sudden as the maiden's blush, or the death stroke of palsy or apoplexy; or so slow and insidious that the closest vigilance in vain attempts to catch their various shades, or ascertain their number. What is the weight, volume, or sensible properties of the power which produces such effects? Ignorance finds a ready solution of these and other phenonema in the "Imagination!" The essential nature of disease, as well as of life, has ever baffled the scrutiny of man. What are the sensible properties of those causes which produce that peculiar swelling of the thyroid gland, called goitre? among those with whom it extensively prevails, considered ornamental, and where less frequently met with, a defect. How inappreciable also are the causes of cancer, scrofula and the hosts of diseases, whose origin appears to be in the human body. 10 In the examples just given, there is apparently a close proximity between the cause and body acted upon. The effect of power under different circumstances is everywhere witnessed. By the power of gravitation, bodies fall to the earth ; and by the same power the solar system maintains its relative position, and accomplishes its movements. What are the sensible qualities of the dynamic force which effects such mighty results ? The air, freighted with the poison of scarlatina, ague, small pox, plague or cholera, differs not in its sensible properties; and when subjected to chemical ordeal, yields no different analysis from that which sports upon the mountain's top. If these poisons in their origin also, are infinitesimal, and have no property to communicate by impression, but extend themselves without admixture with surrounding media, they afford another fact in evidence, that with extent of surface there is increased power, inasmuch as a separation of their particles to a greater or lesser degree has probably taken place, if they are possessed of a real basis, subjected, as they have been, to heat and cold, dryness and moisture, wind and storm, in their passage over continent and ocean. "Chemical analysis can detect nothing more in the malignant small pox secretion than in the healthiest pus—proving the former to be the vehicle merely, or substratum, of an immaterial poison. The knowledge of such a fact does not prevent physicians of the present age from degrading Physiology and Chemistry, by obtaining their sanction to the ignorant opinion that chemical analysis can ascertain the purity of the mother's milk. In addition to what has been stated, the examples of heat, light, electricity and galvanism, the most powerful agents in nature, may be mentioned as being possessed of neither weight, volume, shape nor colour. An acquaintance with these facts, it might have been presumed, would have prepared the minds of the learned for the reception of the great central law of Homoeopathy; and that its truth would have been more or less 11 readily admitted, precisely in proportion to each individual's acquaintance with the loftier branches of science. Homoeopathic medicines are prepared by trituration and succussion, by which means extension of surface is obtained, the result of such extension being increase of power, its develope- ment, or both. The limits of such augmentation or develope- ment, experiment has not yet ascertained. The exhibition of very highly attenuated medicines shows effects which, were they not daily witnessed, would excite our wonder. Allceopathic medicine recognises this increase of power in many of its preparations. Ipecacuanha or opium may, either alone or combined, when administered in a coarse state, excite perspiration; but when triturated with the hard and sharp spiculse of sulphate of potash, a powerful and very certain diaphoretic is the result, known as Dover's powder. The speedy and more powerful effects of tinctures, decoctions and infusions are to be explained upon the same principle of the exposure of more surface. Medicines in powder act more powerfully than in the form of pills. Sulphur, in a crude form, has very little smell or taste, but by an extension of its surface, which may be effected by even gentle rubbing upon a hard surface, sensible properties are both increased and developed in the innumerable infinitesimal sulphur atoms which diffuse themselves around. Crude mercury may be taken by the pound with impunity, but when small portions by trituration with various substances have their particles widely spread, power is both increased and developed. The deplorable and fatal effects of such extension from innumerable atoms are witnessed in the workers of lead, arsenic, mercury and other poisons. The sudden expansion of gunpowder, or of heated water, which produces such powerful, and, frequently, such melancholy results, may likewise be mentioned as examples. A distinguished and scientific physician has brought forward some other instances in physical science in further illustra- tion. To a few of these, and his suggestions as to the probable mode of action of infinitesimal doses, I invite attention. By splitting a plate of mica into thinner laminae, they become 12 electrical. Free electricity is confined to the surface of bodies —their interior contains none. If a small solid ball be divided into smaller ones, much of what was interior becomes surface —and the same weight of matter can receive more electricity. A magnetic bar has no apparent magnetism in the interior—and none at the middle of its surface, but when broken in the mid- dle, it then becomes magnetic instantly and spontaneously. A small magnet can also be made more powerful than a large one of greater weight. In drawing off electricity, a bundle of wires in close apposition will draw less than a single rod, but when separated beyond the neutralizing point, their power will have increased more than a thousand-fold. These facts show that close proximity of particles or mole- cules, renders latent or destroys properties which are exalted or developed by separation. Doctor Joslin asks, if it may not reasonably be supposed that, if a medicinal drug be divided into molecules sufficiently small to be admitted into the smallest blood-vessels, and in that state be introduced into the blood, and glide along the inner coats of the vessels, making its specific impressions, that it is only the superficial parts of each molecule which act, the interior parts being powerless, not powerless from being more distant, but from not possessing the power of their surfaces ; hence comminution gives power by giving surface; and moreover these molecules having accom- plished their errand, glide from the system as do the Imponde- rabilia—light, heat, or electricity. Other examples might be given in evidence of the point desired to be established, but time does not permit its further consideration. Those presented,.will serve to throw light on a subject, the difficulty to comprehend which is more imaginary than real. In presenting examples of electrical developement, there is no intention to attribute the action of medicinal substances to the same agency—or that any other than the peculiar virtues of such medicines are increased or evolved. It may be observed at this place, that the power of mass doses is not in proportion to the amount of their sensible proper- 13 ties, but often the reverse. Colomel is inodorous, insoluble and tasteless. Those articles of the Materia Medica, possessing most smell and taste, are least capable of curing disease. It is moreover unnecessary with a view to the success of Homoeopathy, that any exposition be made of its doctrine or practice. Its acknowledgment is fully assured in its general and rapidly increased diffusion throughout the world. This progress causes distrust and disbelief, like evil genii, to be everywhere around and about the paths of its professional oppo- nents, whose visits are often requested either from the influence of old associations, or some feelings of a personal character: and in the hope, rather than conviction of, the efficacy of the pre- scriptions. Another proof of its extension may be noticed in the neces- sity, which those gentlemen of determined disbelief feel, of drawing more closely the bonds of fellowship, and of using every available means to arrest its progress. Scarcely an ephemeral essay issues from the press, from that of the self- satisfied graduate of some six or seven years inexperience, to the more voluminous work of the authoritative teacher, but contains either a witticism or an assault, not only upon the doc- trine and practice of Homooeopathy, but upon the persons of those who advocate it. The only parts, however, of these productions, which may res- cue the names of their authors from oblivion, are those which the future historian will glean, when collecting materials for an account of the opposition to a truth so easily tested and so worthy of admiration,—a reputation resting upon a cause anal- ogous in kind, though we believe without a similar expectation, with that of the individual who fired, so classic story tells, a beautiful edifice, for the sake of posthumous notoriety. To the intelligence and efforts of the laity, Homoeopathy is greatly indebted for its wide diffusion; and as its effects are more frequently witnessed, will the desire for its extension increase. Efforts, however, emanating from the profession are those most likely to be durable. A more propitious opportunity, therefore, than the present, could not offer, of announcing to the public, that the establishment of a Hospital is contemplated. 14 The proper place for being satisfied of the efficacy of our remedies is at the bedside of the sick. It is there that instruc- tion is most advantageously imparted; it is there only that precise practical knowledge can be acquired; it is there that incredulity is dissipated; it is there that conversion is effected. To the establishment of such an Institution, as the most certain and speedy means of silencing all opposition, I invite your attention and support. If Homoeopathy removes disease in the quickest, safest, and most agreeable manner, charity could not find a more deserving object for its bounties—and if the great central law of "similia similibus curantur" be true, the. man of science and the philanthropist could not lend their aid, to a cause more calculated to ffuse true knowledge, and to benefit mankind. Let me here express the hope that, with those emotions of joy which the certain success of the cause we advocate cannot fail to excite, any feelings unworthy of magnanimous or generous natures be repelled. Physicians as a body, with the exception of a want of proper knowledge of the practical part of their profession, have ever been distinguished for extent and depth of attainment. They have travelled over all the regions of mind, from the smooth and pleasant vales of literature, to the most rugged and lofty pinnacles of science. For this they have, as they ever have had, the esteem and admiration of mankind. Many of the opponents of Homoeopathy are to be respected for their age—others less advanced in years have, by patient toil, much study, and with a laudable ambition, attained high pro- fessional stations/a descent from which necessarily accompanies the avowal of defective knowledge. There must also be esti- mated the difficulty.of liberation from the errors of education— from the influence of prejudice and from the despotism of habit. Alloeopathic medicine may be viewed as a prostrate structure, among whose materials are many blocks of the purest marble__ columns, capitals and pediments, beautifully and skilfully wrought, and which may be supposed to represent the collateral branches of medicine, Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry, and Botany; which when readjusted and adapted by the scientific 15 law of " Similia similibus curantur" will form a building harmonious in all its parts, and as enduring as time ; for it will be the temple of true science : while upon its portals and threshold, will be read in adamantine letters, the name of the illustrious Hahnemann. Gentlemen of the Graduating Class,— There remains to me the pleasure of addressing a few remarks, personally, to yourselves. I will not apply to you stereotyped compliments, nor offend your delicacy by the grossness of flattery. But will in sober truth and sincerity declare that, as a class, in propriety of deportment, literary and classical attainments, and unremitted attention to your studies, you will bear a favorable comparison with that of any other Institution. Some of you are for the first time to commence your profes- sional duties; others have long been engaged in their perform- ance, and have received Diplomas from Medical Colleges of the most distinguished reputation. The strongest proof you could have given of your belief in the superiority of Homoeopathy, to any other mode of medical practice is, that you have left lucrative practices, separated yourselves for many months from your wives and children, and have travelled from remote regions of these broad and long United States to obtain the honours of this Institution. Not [satisfied with the ordinary title of Doctor Medicinx, but desirous of the additional honor of Doctor of Homoeopathic medicine. Such conduct is a sufficient guarantee that you will never desert the standard upon which is emblazoned the great precept of "Similia similibus curantur;" which you know to be as indicative of truth in medicine, as was the Monogram on the Labarum of the great Constantine, of truth in religion. To encounter much opposition in your professional career will be in accordance with the history of mankind. All discoveries, from those simply useful in their nature to those belonging to science, passed through many difficulties. The opposition being obstinate in proportion exactly to the importance of the truth announced. 16 When the proposition of paving the streets of London with pebbles was contemplated, the king of England consulted some physicians upon the matter, who adduced as a reason against the improvement that the loyal subjects of his majesty were so much occupied as to have little leisure for exercise, and there- fore, the jolting over the rough roads was more conducive to health. The popular objection was that the pebbles would break under the weight of the wheels, and the horses having no foot hold would fall. The mob tore up at night what had been put down during the day. While some workmen employed by the Duke of Florence found that notwithstanding all their care in fitting the valves and piston of a pump, the water would not rise higher than thirty- two English feet, Galileo was asked for a solution of the diffi- culty. He, however, was afraid to offer an elucidation, lest, as it conflicted with the philosophy of the age he might be subjected to persecution, in addition to that which he had already endured from his explanations of other facts in science. That oracle of philosophy, Sir Isaac Newton, writes to Dr. Bentley, " If I had seen all the weight of opposition that has arisen against me, I would have left to others the pursuit of an empty shadow." The doctrines of Homoeopathy, belonging to a higher order of science, like other studies of an elevated character, expand and purify the mind, and this genial influence will exhibit itself upon the entire medical profession. The quarrels and contra- dictions of medical men, so notorious as to have elicited the wit and sarcasm of the poet and dramatist, will cease. Differences of opinion will not be reconciled by personal influence, empiri- cal knowledge or general compromise ; but recourse must be had to a tribunal from which there can be no appeal, and to whose decisions all must yield, viz., the law of " Similia similibus curantur." I now take leave of you, gentlemen, with the assurance that, for your future prosperity and success, you have not only the sincere wishes of your medical preceptors, but, I dare add, those of all the friends of Homoeopathy. GRADUATES OP 1849. At a Public Commencement, of the College was conferred by upon the following gentlemen. Name. Clark, Joseph K. Davis, Henry F. Engle, Nathan S. Gardi ner, Daniel R. Hall, E. Bently Scudde r, Samuel 0. held March 15th, 1849, the Degree the Hon. A. V. Parsons, President, Residence. Massachusetts; Ohio, New Jersey, Philadelphia. New Jersey. New York. Subject of Thesis. Homoeopathy. Symptoms of the ear. Menstruation. Pleuritis. f Evils of excessive in- ( dulgence in Venery. MATRICULANTS OF THE COLLEGE. SESSION 1849-50 Name. Armor, Smith Armor, Thomas Bacon, Albertus E. Bacon, Ebenezer H. Bailey, Charles (M. D.) Baker, Joshua T. Bartlett, J. Leffingwell Barton, Joseph Bigler, George W. Chittenden, George W. (M. Coxe, John Redman Jr. Crocker, Isaac Senter Cunningham, J. Cushing, John J. Dake, Chauncey M. Dodge, Lewis Everson, William K. Frost, J. H. P. Fry, Jacob S. Gardiner, Daniel R. (M. D. Gardiner, Richard (M. D.) Residence. Delaware, do. Maine, do. Massachusetts, Philadelphia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Maryland, D.) Wisconsin, Philadelphia, Rhode Island, Philadelphia, Rhode Island, New York, Michigan, Philadelphia, Maine, Philadelphia, "■ ) do. do. Preceptor* Dr. C. Harlan. " L. G. Vinal. " W.Williamson. Dr. J. Jeanes. General Student. Dr. B. Ehrman. Dr. A. H. Okie. General Student. Dr. A. H. Okie. Dr. A. E. Small. " H.N.Guernsey. " A. E. Small. 2 Name. Gross, James E. Hoppin, Washington Howard, John Gust Humphreys, Frederick Jackson, Charles M. James, David (M. D.) Janney, Daniel Lee, John K. Leonard, Ezra Loomis, J. G. (M. D.) Luyties, D. R. McDowall, John McManus, John Metcalfe, William. Merriman, Charles L. Mulford, Joseph L. Munsey, Barton Okie, A. H. (M. D.) Peirce, Thomas A. Pratt, David S. Pusey, E. J. (M. D.) Randel, John M. Ring, Hamilton Rowland, Joseph G. Sheek, Jacob Frederick Shultz, Jonas Y. Steck, John H. Storrs, George F. Toothaker, Charles E. White, Thomas J. Wilder, Daniel Williams, George C. 'Williams, Theodore S. Wright, Augustus S. Total 55. Residence. Maine, Rhode Island, Philadelphia, New York, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, do. Philadelphia, England, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Michigan, New Jersey, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Maine, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Maryland, do. Illinois, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, do. Vermont, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, do. Ohio. Preceptor. Dr. Daniel McRuer. " A. H. Okie. " W. A. Gardiner. Dr. W. Williamson. Dr. F. Humphreys. " J. W. Hallion, General Student. Dr. J. Tunnicliffe. " J. B. Petherbridge " W. Williamson. Dr. A. E. Small. " Leonard Pratt. Dr. W. Williamson. " A. E. Small. " W. Williamson. a u " J. H. Hellfrich. " W. Williamson. " A. E. Small. " A. E. Small. Dr. G. W. Swazey. Dr. J. H. Pulte. GRADUATES OF 1850. At a Public Commencement held March 2d, 1850, in the Musical Fund Hall, the Degree of the College was conferred by the Hox. A. V. Parsons, President, upon the following gentlemen : Name. Bacon, Ebenezer H.] Bigler, George W. Chittenden, George W. Coxe, John Redman, Jr. Dodge, Lewis Frost, James H. P. Gardiner, Richard Gross, James E. Hoppin, Washington Humphreys, Frederick Janney, Daniel Leonard, Ezra Loomis, Joseph G. Luyties, D. R. Munsey, Barton Peirce, Thomas A. Sheek, Jacob Fred. Shultz, Jonas Y. Williams, Theodore S. Wright, Augustus S. Total—20. Residence. Maine, Maryland, Wisconsin, Philadelphia, Michigan, Maine, Philadelphia, Maine, Rhode Island, New York, Virginia, New York, New York, Philadelphia, N. Carolina, Maine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Subject of Thesis. Tubercular Phthisis. Strumous Diathesis. Inhalation of Medicine. Inflammation. 5 Coinciding tendency of £ Medicine. ( Origin and Philosophy \ ofDisease. Use of Forceps. £ Homoeopathic Treatment ( of Dysentery. i Infinitesimal doses and ( their Rationale of action. Posology. Puerperal Fever. ( Relations of Pathology > and Practice. Chloroform. Scarlet Fever. Croup. Yellow Fever. Bilious Remittent Fever. Effects of Opium. Cholera. W. Williamson, M. D., Dean. HOMEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Located in Filbert Street above Eleventh, Pliilad. The Lectures of the regular course will commence annually, on the first Monday of November and continue until the first of March ensuing. Preliminary Lectures will be delivered in the College from the. first Monday of October until the commencement of the regular course. Amount of fees for a full course of lectures, - - $100 00 Students who have attended two full courses in other schools, *30 00 Matriculation fee, paid only once, - - 5 00 Practical Anatomy, - - - - - - 10 00 Graduation fee, - - - - - - - 30 00 The Commencement will take place early in March. FACULTY. CALEB B. MATTHEWS, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. WILLIAM S. HELMUTH, M: D., Professor of Homoeopathic Institutes, and the Practice of Medicine. SAMUEL FREEDLEY, M. D., Professor of Botany, and Medical Jurisprudence. CHARLES NEIDHARD, M. D., Professor of Clinical Medicine. WALTER WILLIAMSON, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics, and the Diseases of Women and Children. ALVAN E. SMALL, M. D., Professor of Physiology and Pathology. MATTHEW SEMPLE, M. D. Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology. FRANCIS SIMS, M. D.. Professor of Surgery. WILLIAM A. GARDINER, M. D., Professor of Anatomy. W. WILLIAMSON, M. D., Dean, No. 80 North Eleventh Street, Philad. H 5