THE GREATEST WORK OF THE CELEBRATED FRENCH ARTIST, PAUL PHILIPPOTEAUX. Maryland and Mt. Royal Avs., near Charles St., BALTIMORE, MD. Open Day and Evening, Except Sundays^ AUDTvdllSSXOTT. ADULTS, 50 CTS. CHILDREN, 25 CIS. Eagle Book Printing Dept, Brooklyn, N. Y. The Spectator of the Cyclorama is standing on the spot marked HK Copyright, 1868, By Harper & Brothers. the History of the Great Rebellion. HARPER & BROTHERS, Publishers, Franklin Square, N.Y. This work, containing 1000 illustrations that appeared in Harper’s Weekly during tha Was, is far sale only by McDONNELL BROS., 113 Dearborn Street, Chicago. FROM THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 3 BIOGRAPHICAL. PAUL PHILIPPOTEAUX THE celebrated painter of this great work of art was born in Paris in 1846. From his earliest years he showed a remarkable natural aptitude in art matters, and at the age of ten began receiving instructions in the first elements of art painting from his eminent father, the late Felix Philippoteaux, one of the masters of the French School, whose many his- torical paintings have been bought by the French Government for the Versailles Gallery and other national museums of France. At the age of sixteen Paul Philippoteaux studied under Cabanel and Leon Cogniet, with both of whom he was a favorite pupil. While at the Ecole des Beaux Arts ” he obtained several first medals, was admitted as No. i for the “ Prix de Rome” examination, and received other high honors. He is to-day among the foremost of the artists of Paris, where his paintings in the “Salon” are very highly esteemed, and the general Note.—The portrait of the artist is by himself. 4 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. verdict is that Paul Philippoteaux is undoubtedly now the greatest and most famous historical painter in the world. The great success attending the production of his first Cyclorama, The Defence of the Fort dTssy (1871), (painted in collaboration, and under the supervision of his father, and exhibited fourteen years in the Champs Elysees in Paris, paying 1,450 per cent, to the stockholders), in- duced him to paint the following Cycloramas : 1. Taking of Plevna (Turco-Russian War.) 2. Passage of the Balkans, Both on exhibition in St. Petersburg. 3. The Belgian Revolution of 1830. 4. The Attack of the Park. Both exhibited formerly in Brussels. 5. The Battle of Tel-el-Kebir, at the Crystal Palace, London. 6. La Derniere Sortie (with his father). 7. Niagara Falls, now exhibited in London. And four different Cycloramas of the Battle of Gettysburg, now on exhibition in Chicago, Boston, Baltimore and New York. Paul Philippoteaux having conceived the idea of painting the greatest battle of the Rebellion, came to this country in 1880, where Barnet Philipps, the eminent art critic of the New York Times, gave hiffi many valuable suggestions on the subject, and introduced him to General Hancock, from whom he gleaned accurate details of the fight ; he went then to the battlefield in person, took sketches, consulted the official maps on file in the War Department in Washington, and then returned to Paris. The first panorama of this great battle was soon finished and put on exhibition in Chicago. Over half a million people visited it the first year, the receipts being 1241,300. It is now in its seventh successful year. Mr. C. L. Willoughby, of Chicago, was so taken with this great success (never attained by any other artist) that he requested Philippoteaux to paint another Gettysburg, which was put up in Boston, and soon sold to a company of that city for $300,000. The canvas is four hundred feet in circumference and fifty feet high, consequently measuring twenty thousand square feet. This Cyclorama of the Battle of Gettysburg, exhibited in this costly fire-proof building, is, in every particular, a true and accurate reproduction of the whole mighty struggle, as it actually took place on July 3d, 1863. Mr. Paul Philippoteaux extends his grateful thanks to General Hunt, of Washington (Chief of Artillery at Gettysburg), to General Alexander Webb, of New York, to Hon. Carleton Coffin, of Boston, and to Mr. Barnet Philipps of the New York Times, for their valuable and friendly information on the Battle of Gettysburg. THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 5 ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE DEDICATION OF THE SOLDIERS’ NATIONAL CEMETERY AT GETTSYBURG. November ig, 1863. FOURSCORE and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can longer endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate—we cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devo- tion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that govern- ment of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Abraham Lincoln. 6 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. EXPLANATION OF THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG CYCLORAMA General Hunt and Staff. 1.—Gen. Hunt. 2—Capt. N. T. Craig. 3.—Lieut. Bessell. 4.—Inspector E. R. Warner. 5.—Lieut. Worth. The Cyclorama represents the decisive action which took place in the kfternoon of July 3d, 1863 (the third day of the battle), generally known as PICKETT’S CHARGE. The spectator is supposed to be standing on the battle field, near the centre of the Union lines, and from this commanding point views the battle as it actually took place. It was at 1 o’clock in the afternoon, when a signal gun from the Con- federate lines was heard, and from the long stretch of the Seminary ridge, 150 cannon open on the Union lines, their fire being concentrated against the troops commanded by General Hancock. This portion of the Union line comprised a part of the First Corps under General Newton ; the Second Corps under General Gib- bon ; the Third Corps under General Birney, and a part of the Eleventh Corps under General Howard. The object of this tremendous cannonade was to batter the lines of the Federal army, and prepare the way for the final assault with columns of infantry. General Lee, who was in command of the Confederate army of Northern Virginia, had planned this last desperate assault, in order to overwhelm the Army of the Potomac, under General Meade, and thus end in victory for the South, the great struggle that for three days had been waged. Noth.—'The Illustrations arc by Paul Philippoteauz. THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 7 General Longstreet, second in command to General Lee, had im- mediate charge of all the arrangements for the assault, giving directions for the various movements. When the Confederate guns opened, General Meade at once understood that the critical point of the struggle was at hand, and that the moment- ous issues, so long wavering in the balance, must soon be decided. General W. S. Hancock in 1863. The ridge occupied by the Union lines was not so long as that held by the Confederates. General Hunt, in command of the Union artillery, had stationed eighty guns (all that the conformation of the ground would admit), along the crest occupied by General Hancock, and at once opened in reply on the Confederate position. THE THUNDER OF THE GUNS thus belching forth the hot, hissing storm of solid shots and bursting shells, was tremendous. The ground fairly trembled and shook under the mighty concussions, and as the advantage both in position and the greater number of guns seemed to be with the Confederates, it looked as though the Union lines would be broken and swept from the field. Several ammunition wagons exploded, and as the smoke of these ex- plosions rolled up the shouts of exultation from the Southern soldiers could be heard for miles along the line. About 3 o’clock General Hunt ordered a gradual cessation of fire 8 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. General W. S. Hancock and Staff. i.—General Hancock. *.—General Bingham. 3.—Major Mitchell. 4.—Colonel W. P. Wilson. 5.—Captain Miller. 6.—Captain Parker. THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 9 from the Union batteries, in order to allow the guns to cool, and also to reserve enough ammunition for THE FINAL STRUGGLE, which he knew was soon to come. This dropping off on the Federal side naturally gave the Confederates the idea that they had silenced the Northern batteries, and at once they made preparations to advance their storming columns that had been await- ing the result of the cannonade in the shelter of the woods back from the line of guns. General Hunt, Chief of Artillery. The commencement of the momentous struggle was now just at hand General Longstreet, who had assigned the positions of the Confeder- ate troops that were to make the assault, seemed overwhelmed with the responsibility that he had reluctantly assumed, and when Pickett said, “ General, shall I advance ? ” his emotion permitted no reply, and he sim- ply bowed assent. Then Pickett said, proudly, “ I shall lead my division forward, sir! ” and at once started the movement of his column. He had been directed to STRIKE THE UNION LINES in the centre, and to this end a peculiar shaped clump of trees in Han- 10 THE RATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. cock’s front had been pointed out to him by General Longstreet, as the objective point where his division was to hurl themselves against the Union stronghold. THE CONFEDERATE DIVISION, commanded by General Pickett, consisting of three brigades of Virginia regiments, had taken no part in the fighting of the two previous days, so they were fresh for the contest. The other forces that were to participate in the Confederate assault were on the right and left of Pickett’s troops. When Pickett had suc- ceeded in pushing his way through the Union line, these supporting troops were to help wedge apart the two wings of their enemy so effectually that Meade’s forces would be dispersed in all directions. The number of Con- federate troops participating in this movement, it is supposed, numbered 17,000 men. The distance to be traversed by the Confederates under fire of the Union guns was nearly a mile. Before they came in sight, General Hunt had improved the opportunity to withdraw the disabled batteries, and replace them by others from the reserve artillery. He had also replenish- ed the ammunition chests that were empty, and was prepared for the out- come. As the head of Pickett’s column appeared on the crest of Seminary Ridge, the Union guns at once opened on them a tremendous fire of solid shot, but as steadily as though forming on a parade ground the troops moved forward down the slope. As Pickett’s division advanced, the sup- porting brigades on the right and left also came in view, and then the whole desperate undertaking of the Confederates was revealed to the Union army. THE SOUTHERNERS CAME ON MAGNIFICENTLY, and soon the gaps made in their ranks by the plunging cannon shots could be distinctly seen. From the start, the direction of their march seemed to be towards the divisions of Caldwell and Doubleday, but when about half the distance had been traversed Pickett changed the direction by an oblique movement to his left, thus bringing the advance towards Gibbon’s division, which was on the right of Doubleday. The two Confederate supporting brigades of Wright and Perry, who were on Pickett’s right, failed to conform to this oblique movement, but continued straight on to the front ; consequently there was soon a wide interval between these brigades and Pickett’s line, leaving both flanks un- guarded. By this time the charges of canister shots from the Union guns was working fearful havoc in the ranks of the Confederates, for they had now moved into close range and so were facing death in a thousand terrible forms. THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 11 A battery posted on Little Round Top also opened on their flank, in- creasing their difficulties, but in the face of all this hurricane of death, they continued to move on, steadily closing up the gaps in their ranks, and gathering strength for a final effort. But there were other movements that bear upon the final result that must be noted : General Pettigrew, who commanded the supporting Confederate bri- gades on the left of Pickett’s column, had been advancing under the same difficulties that confronted Pickett. The Union guns on the lines of Hays’ division of Gibbon’s corps, and Schurz’s division of Howard’s corps, had been playing upon Pettigrew’s columns with terrible effect. Hesitating in the face of the increasing difficulties that awaited their nearer approach, the fire of the Union guns was redoubled, and soon Pettigrew’s troops were being hurled back in masses. General Alexander S. Webb. When the right flanks- of Pickett’s column had become greatly exposed by the failure of the supporting brigades of Wright and Perry to conform to his oblique movement, General Stannard, of the Union army, who com- manded a brigade of Vermont regiments, attached to Doubleday’s divi- sion, seized upon the opportunity to advance three of his regiments into the gap thus left open in the advancing Confederate lines. One of these regiments was sent to move on the flank of the supporting brigades, and the other two were moved against the exposed flank of Pickett’s column. These were also joined by two other regiments from Doubleday’s com- mand, and together they delivered a sharp musketry fire on the flanks of 12 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. Pickett’s column at close range. This resulted in the surrender of some of the Confederates, while others made a desperate attempt to fall back in retreat. Now came the culmination of the mighty struggle to pierce the Union lines. Squarely in front of the now desperate Confederates was Webb’s Philadelphia brigade of Pennsylvania regiments. Veterans of former campaigns in Virginia, now on the soil of their own State, it was their proud distinction to stand in the breach. Although Webb’s front had been the centre of the previous artillery fire, and had already lost fifty men and several brilliant officers, their lines held on firm and impenetra- ble. It thus devolved upon Webb’s brigade to meet the final effort of the Confederates, and decide the fate of the day. For that unforeseen circumstance it would be difficult to find a man better fitted than Webb. He was nerved to great deeds by the memory of his ancestors who had formerly rendered distinguished service to the Republic, and he felt that the results of the whole war might depend upon his holding the position. His men were equally determined. Cushing’s battery, of the 4th United States artillery, and Brown’s Rhode Island battery on his left, had been completely destroyed by the cannon- ade. The horses were killed ; the officers, with one exception, were struck by fragments of shell, and Cushing had but one serviceable gun left. When Pickett’s advance had nearly reached the line, young Cushing, mor- tally wounded in both thighs, ran his last serviceable gun down to the fence and cried : “WEBB, I WILL GIVE THEM ONE MORE SHOT!’’ At the last discharge of his gun, he cried out, “ Good-Bye,”—and fell dead at his post of duty. The Confederate brigade of General Armistead, joined with that of Garnett (both of Pickett’s division), had forced their way to an advanced position in front of the stone wall just as the fresh batteries had arrived on the ground. General Armistead crossed the stone wall, and the battery was for a few moments in his possession, and the Southern flag floated triumphantly in the Union lines. But Webb, near at hand, led the 72d Pennsylvania regiment against Armistead, encouraging his men as the two lines came in contact. A portion of the 71st Pennsylvania, behind a stone wall at the right, poured a murderous fire on the enemy’s flank, while a portion of the 69th Pennsylvania, with the remainder of the 71st, made an energetic resistance from the left, behind a clump of trees, near the spot where the Souther* ners had broken the Union line, and where the northern men were fight- ing with the Southern muskets touching their breasts. At this moment two regiments of Hall’s Brigade made a splendid charge and engaged the Confederates in a hand-to-hand conflict. Armistead was mortally wounded near one of the cannon he had taken. THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 13 Death of Lieutenant Cushing. i.—Lieutenant Cushing. 2.—Sergeant Fuger. 3.—General Alexander S. Webb. 14 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. It is said that his last words, which were addressed to one of our officers, were: “ Tell Hancock I have wronged him, and have wronged my country.” Gibbon and Webb were both wounded, and the loss of officers and men in all the Union regiments that were engaged at this point was heavy. Two of Pickett’s brigade commanders were killed, and another was severe- ly wounded. The number of prisoners taken at this point was double the number of Webb’s brigade. Six battle flags were captured, and 1,463 muskets also taken. When Pickett saw that it was impossible to hold his position, and that his lines were completely shattered, heart-broken he made his way back, accompanied by the few who had been enabled to get to the rear. The next day General Lee was found to have moved back, and within a few days his army was once more on Virginia soil. His losses during the campaign were over thirty-one thousand men, and the Union loss was over twenty-three thousand. Thus was accomplished the repulse of General Pickett’s memorable assault at Gettysburg, on July 3d, 1863. THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 15 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. CAUSE OF THE CAMPAIGN. General Grant, by a series of rapid movements, had succeeded in divid- ing and defeating the Confederate armies by whom he was confronted at Vicksburg and vicinity, and had completely invested that stronghold. General Banks had invested Port Hudson. New Orleans was also in the possession of the Union Army. The complete collapse of the Confederate cause in the West seemed inevitable, and the reopening of the Mississippi throughout its entire length the result. To offset a disaster so damaging to the Confederate cause, the idea is conceived of an invasion of the North, by which it is hoped that Washing- ton or some of the rich cities of Pennsylvania might be captured and laid under contribution. Hooker’s losses at Chancellorsville, and the withdrawal of some 20,000 troops whose time had expired, made the time opportune. Lee at once proceeded to mobolize his army. Ewell was advanced up the Shenandoah Valley to seize prominent points and to obtain possession of the fords of the upper Potomac, while a large force was concentrated at Culpepper Court House in support. Hill is left south of the Rapidan to hold Hooker in his present position, in the hope that he might throw Longstreet between that commander and Washington by a flank movement. Hooker began to suspect Lee of some hostile movement and sent Gen- eral Howe’s division across the river to see if the entire army was still in his front. Hill demonstrated in such a manner as to relieve his fears ; but he was soon undeceived by the appearance of Ewell at Winchester and Longstreet east of the Blue Mountains, in possession of both Snicker’s and Ashby’s gaps. He now made a most precipitate retreat in the direction of the defences at Washington, moving with such celerity as to defeat Lee’s purpose of cutting him off. Finding that Lee does not follow, he concentrates at Bull Run and moves his advance towards Thoroughfare Gap. Lee now withdraws Ewell’s forces from beyond the Potomac, where they had in the meantime advanced, by which movement he deceived both Hooker and the people of the North into the belief that the danger of invasion had passed, and that a battle was to be fought in Virginia. Lee, finding that Longstreet is unable to decoy Hooker from his base, boldly advances into Pennsylvania by the fords of the upper Potomac at Williamsport and Shepardstown. Hooker at once advances by the fords of the lower Potomac, covering Washington. Now, through some mis- 16 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. understanding with Halleck as to the proper disposition of the troops at Harper’s Ferry and Washington, and because it was thought desirable to make a change in commanders, Hooker was asked to resign. General Meade was appointed to succeed him. ‘ The appointment of this com- mander was a complete surprise to himself, but he at once moved for the enemy’s communications, and prepared to give him battle on the best position attainable. Lee, learning of the forward move- ment of the Army of the Potomac, and seeing the danger of fighting a battle so far from his base, ordered Ewell, who had advanced towards Harrisburg and York, to concentrate at Gettysburg. Hill’s and Longstreet’s corps were also withdrawn from Chambersburg to the same rendezvous. The back- ward movement of Lee will bring him on Meade’s flank, that com- mander having started for the same destination. Meade, how- ever,changes the direction of some of his corps, with his right at Manchester. This is about fifteen miles south- east of Gettysburg. But the leader of his advance, Reynolds, who was a man of nerve and action, a man not in sympathy with the methods of the past management of the Army of the Potomac, moved forward and precipitated the contest which gave us the victory at Reynolds. GETTYSBURG. This little village, which is to be the scene of the first decisive victory of the Army of the Potomac, is situated in an upland valley surrounded by ranges of hills, at the focus of numerous roads which run to every prin- cipal point of the compass. Along the roads which lead to this common centre, these two hostile armies are approaching; each unaware of the other’s proximity. Lee’s army is advancing (Hill’s and Longstreet’s corps) along the Chambersburg road from the northwest, and Ewell’s corps, which had been split up, via the York and Harrisburg roads, while the Union Army, which has been much shattered by the Chancellorsville fiasco, is moving along a number of roads. The advance, the ist and nth corps, numbering collectively about 24,000 men, are advancing along the Emmetsburg road, which runs from the southeast ; the 5th and THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 17 12th are moving by the Taneytown road, which runs from the south ; the 2d and 3d are moving by the same road, while the 6th is thirty miles away at Manchester, on the Westminster road. The Union Army, although badly organized, is not a feeble body numer- ically, neither is there feebleness in spirit or morale. That army, in its long career of hard luck, never flinched from its duty, not once, and to- day, as it is marching to its first victory, its spirit is as high and martial as was the army of Caesar on the plains of Pharsalia. There is a deter- mination on the part of both rank and file to make this invasion disastrous to Lee, and to avenge Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. THE BATTLE OF WEDNESDAY. Buford, who commanded the cavalry, moved directly upon Gettysburg, where he encountered the advance of Heth’s division of Hill’s corps, and ■drove them back on the main body. The main body now coming up, Buford was in turn driven back. General Reynolds commanded the left wing of the Union Army, consisting of the ist corps, five miles south of Gettysburg, tlie nth corps, eleven miles south, and the 3d corps on its way from Taneytown to join the nth. Upon learning that the enemy were driving Buford, Reynolds went for- ward with the ist division of the ist corps, that of Wadsworth. He had hardly posted Cutter’s brigade of one brigade of this division along a ridge, to the right of the Chambersburg road and a little to the west of the Seminary, before Doubleday joined him ; having galloped up from the rear after giving orders to General Robinson to bring on the remainder of the corps. Although Hill had a large force, he was somewhat timid and cautious, for he feared that the main body of Meade’s army might be in front of him. He therefore only sent forward two brigades to make an attack and feel the way. One of these brigades—that of Davis—succeeded in flanking Cutter’s brigade, and in driving it back a short distance. The other Confederate brigade—that of Archer—was flanked in its turn by Meredith’s brigade, which Reynolds had directed Doubleday to send forward. In the very beginning of the action Reynolds was killed by a sharp-shooter and Doubleday assumed command; the final result being that the two Con- federate brigades were routed and the greater portion of them captured. The remaining two divisions of the ist now came forward under Robinson about 11.30 A. M., and were placed in the position selected by General Reynolds. Soon after, the nth corps, under General Schurz, arrived, and about the same time two divisions of Ewell’s Confederate corps took position on 18 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. the north to connect with Hill’s corps on the west. This compelled Doubleday to throw back his right. Heth’s division of Hill’s corps renewed its attacks on the ist corps, but were constantly repulsed, and Pender’s division moved to the front of Hill’s line to reinforce Heth. Howard now appeared with the ad- vance of the i ith corps, and assumed command. The i ith were placed on a ridge north of the town, running nearly at right angles with Seminary Ridge. Steinwehr’s division was placed on Cemetery Hill, south of the town two miles away. Early, and very soon after Rhodes of Ewell’s corps arrived on the field, and joined in the attack. These four powerful divisions under Lee’s ablest generals were able to outflank and outfight the Union advance. Howard now- sent for Sickles, who was on the Em- metsburg road, to come to his assist- ance. That commander promptly re- sponded. Early on the right and Rhodes on the left attacked the nth corps,while Pender attacked the left of the ist corps, and Heth demonstra- ted on its rignt. i ne result or mis combined movement was that Rhodes forced his way between the ist and nth, while Early broke through Bar- low’s line of the nth, attacking both flank and rear, and Pender turnec thv. left of the ist corps. The nth broke in disorder and retreated ir disorganized form down the Baltimore road and to Cemetery Hill. I lit first retired with firm front, Buford’s cavalry preventing the enemy from following. Meade, on hearing of Reynolds’ death, despatched Hancock to the scene of disaster, to assume command and note the strategetical points of the field. Hancock, like Sheridan at a later day, rode at a frightful gait over the intervening space to meet the shattered remains of the right wing. Like that other commander, he soon restored order and inspired the troops with his own spirit. At his approach the fugitives returned from the Baltimore road, and the stronger ones rallied to his support. Howard, who was his senior, did not yield obedience to his orders, but Doubleday co-operated with him. Noting the strength of the position at Cemetery Hill, he retained that point as the key of the position, and placed troops at Culp’s Hill on the right, and Cemetery Ridge on the left, and threw out skirmishers everywhere- Howard. THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 19 Geary, with a division of the 12th, now arrived, and was placed at Round Top, on the extreme left. The Union line under Hancock’s skillful handling presented to the quick eye of General Lee, who had now arrived, evidence that the new commander of the Union army was a man of rare genius, and an enemy worthy of his steel, and he hesitated to at- tack until all his corps should arrive. This hesitation gave Sickles time to reach the field on the left and Slocum to arrive with his corps to strengthen the right. Hancock had notified Meade that Gettysburg offered a good position for defence, but was somewhat exposed to be turned at the left. The 2d arrived after dark near the field; Slocum, at 7 P. M., assumed command. Meade arrived at 11 P. M., in company with Hancock, who had rejoined him at Taneytown. The 5th corps, Gen. Sykes, arrived in the morning. THURSDAY’S BATTLE. On the morning of Thursday, Meade commenced to make dispositions for the defence. His troops had all arrived, except the 6th corps, Sedgwick’s, who would not reach the field until afternoon. Fortunately for the Union army, Lee’s state of indecision continued until after the arrival of the 6th corps, who were also placed in reserve. Lee now begins to comprehend the situation. His plan is to have Hill threaten the center at Ceme- tery Hill, and Ewell to assault the right at and beyond Culp’s Hill, while the real attack will be de- livered at the left, at Round Top and the south of Cemetery- Ridge. Sickles—who was placed on the left—advanced his com- mand to the ridge in front, from which point he thinks he can command his present position and better resist Lee’s move- ments, ’Tis true that in doing this he disconnects with Hancock’s too-much extended line; but he knowns that Meade has two corps in reserve, and can place some division of the 6th in the gap, and Sykes’ 5th corps on his Gen. Lee. 20 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. exposed left and rear. Meade, instead of doing this, rides forward and remonstrates with Sickles on his movement. Sickles replies that he con- siders the movement within his privilege, but expresses a willingness to withdraw to the ridge in the rear, which Meade indicates as a proper line. Meade promises to support him. Lee now orders Longstreet to strike Sickes with all his might before he can be supported in his new posi- tion. But Sickles don’t dislodge easily. He holds on, and resists every attack for two hours. Longstreet’s two commanders (Pickett not being present), Hood and McLaws, are ordered to-outflank Sickles' right and left, while three brigades of Anderson’s division of Hill’s corps join the movement at the point of division between Sickles and Hancock. Longstreet’s batteries com- mand Sickles both front and flank. Warren, who is topographical engineer of the Army of the Potomac, has discovered that Round Top has been abandoned in spite of Gen. Meade’s dispatches to Sickles, and will at the proper time care for it. Hood, on his arrival on Sickles’ left flank, finds that it only extends to the base of Little Round Top. Ward and DeTroiband, who hold the line, stubbornly resist his attempts to break through, and he sends Law’s brigade to outflank at Little Round Top. Warren, in the meantime, has detached Vincent’s brigade from Barnes’ division of the 5th corps, now on its way to Sickles’ support, and place them on Little Round Top. He moves Hazlett’s battery and some other forces there also. This force is met rather unexpectedly by the enemy, and a severe contest ensues, which results in the complete repulse of the enemy, with severe loss on both sides. Hood having failed in his attempt to outflank, and seeing the useless- ness of trying to break through Barnes’ lines, which are now joined to those of DeTroiband and Ward, now redoubles his energies at the western face of Sickles’ at Peach Orchard. McLaws having joined his left, attacks Humphrey’s division in front, while Wilcox and Perry of Hill’s corps at- tack his right flank. Thus assailed front and flank by this strong infantry force and the batteries, which had now got his exact range, he begins to slowly fall back. The centre, which had been weakened to support the right and left, was the real point that the enemy were trying to force. Sickles. THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 21 Barksdale’s Mississippians are now launched at Graham’s line, which gives way, leaving the Peach Orchard in their possession. The victorious Con- federates now advanced and force their way through the gap into the wheat field. Humphrey’s line now is attacked in the rear. Ward, with two regiments of Gibbon’s divisions and Brown’s battery, who hold the left of Hancock’s line, are at the same time attacked by Wright’s brigade of Hill’s corps, and completely demolished, and battery captured. Hancock now assumed the responsibility of sending one of his divi- sions (Caldwell's) into the break in Sickles’ line, who for a brief time held back the victorious enemy, though at a fearful cost of men and officers. As well might he try to stay the advancing waves of the sea. Fresh bodies of advancing Confederates are pushed forward in support, and by their mo- mentum carry back this gallant body. Ayers’ division are now advanced to the support of Caldwell and are also forced back, with a loss of nearly one- half of the division. Sickles, who had been vainly trying to retrieve the disaster to Birney’s division, has been desperately wounded, and has retired from the field. Meade now orders Hancock to assume command of the left and centre. With the rare promptitude which has ever characterized that gallant of- ficer, he brings order out of chaos. He sees that the power of the advanc- ing Confederates is well nigh spent. At the left, Williams’ division of the 12th has arrived from the right, and Lockwood's brigade are forcing back the enemy through the Peach Or- chard, bringing back on their re- turn Bigelow’s captured guns. Wright has been stopped by Webb, who has sent a portion of his force on a countercharge, who on their return have brought back the guns of Brown’s Rhode Island battery. Nearly all the troops engaged thus far have been those of Han- cock’s, Sickles’, and portions of the 5th corps, in which work a long distance of Hancock’s line has been stripped bare of troops. In- to this break Hancock throws the division of Hayes and whatever loose forces are at hand. Thomas’ battery is brought into action. The batteries on Cemetery Hill are turned on the enemy, and rake them with an enfilading fire ; Doubleday’s division, which has advanced Meade. 22 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. from the first corps, is at once brought into action. Robinson’s forces from the same corps are placed in front of the enemy, and the line is everywhere established. Hancock’s quick eye has detected and his prompt movements have covered every weak point, and the enemy retire to the ridge captured from Sickles, which is the only fruit of this barren victory. A force equal to the number lost in killed and wounded .in this battle, properly placed before the action commenced, would have saved the posi- tion. The enemy, baffled in his purpose of turning the left and rear, advance THE RIGHT AND RIGHT CENTRE. Ewell’s first movement is up the craggy sides of Culp’s Hill. This position has been weakened by the withdrawal of troops to support the left. Johnson’s division press forward, and after a brief resistance capture the outer works, which are nearly bare of troops. They attempt to push their advantage in the direction of the Baltimore road, but are stopped by the determined attitude of Gen. Greene of Geary’s division. No further progress can be made in this direction. The attack is persisted in along toward the centre by Early’s division of the same corps, two brigades, Hayes’ and Avery’s attacking the eastern face of Cemetery Hill, which attack was successful in carrying the outer works, the capture of the 5th Maine battery, and the driving back of Van Gilsa brigade. Meade, who is expecting some such demonstration, is moving to the support of the centre, Carroll’s brigade having been advanced to its relief. The enemy are unexpectedly met by this advancing force and driven back, abandoning the captured works and the guns of the 5th Maine. In the meantime Rhodes and Pender have sent some brigades of their divisions to co operate in the attack on the centre on the west face of Cemetery Hill ; but the prompt movements of Meade have so discon- certed them that they retire without completing the attack. Darkness now settles over the combatants ; and the second act in the drama ends. THE BATTLE OF FRIDAY. On the morning of July 3d, Geary having returned from the left, Slo- cum, who was further re-inforced by Generals Shaler and Ruger of the 6th corps, made an advance on Johnson’s division, whose advance occu- pied a position on Culp’s Hill, which Ewell had captured from his com- THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 23 mand late the night before. After a vigorous resistance by the enemy, favored by the rough wooded declivity, he succeeded in dislodging him, and re-establishing his lines. This action lasted until 11 A. M., when quiet prevailed all along the lines. THE UNION POSITION, now perfected, extended trom the base of Round Top on the left to Culp’s Hill on the right. Sykes’ 5th corps was on the extreme left, occupying Little Round Top, and extending a short distance up the side of the Big Round Top. Next came the 3d corps, now commanded by Birney, with Birney’s division thrown out in front. Next came the 2d corps, Hancock commanding. In his line, sandwiched between Caldwell’s and Gibbon’s divisions, was Doubleday’s division of the 1st corps. Beyond Hayes’ divi- sion of the 2d corps, which held the right of Cemetery Ridge, is Ziegler’s Grove, a little wood which divides Ceme- tery Hill from the ridge. This position was occupied by Woodward’s battery. Cemetery Hill, the apex of the Union position, was held by Howard’s nth corps and Robinson’s division of the first. Culp’s Hill and the Baltimore road was held by Slocum’s 12th corps and Wadsworth division of the 1st corps. The Union position at a glance present- ed the form of a bent bow, with the Taneytown road for the shaft, the point of the barb being nearer the right. Along the ridge, which constituted this line, were 100 guns in position to cover the enemy’s advance. THE CONFEDERATE POSITION was in concave form, extending to a point about opposite Little Round Top along Seminary Ridge, across the Bonnoughton, York and Harrisburgh roads, thence continuing the circle through the town and over a slight ridge to Rock Creek and beyond to a point opposite the Baltimore road. The Confederate army was in three large corps of three divisions each. Longstreet, right; Hill, centre, and Ewell, left. This order was somewhat changed to meet the exigencies of the advance this day. Longstreet, who is to conduct the movement, has Longstreet. 24 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. been re-inforced by three fresh brigades of Pickett’s division, two divi- sions of Hill s and one of Ewell’s corps. He has massed 55 guns on the ridge from which Sickles was driven, and beyond the Emmetsburg road, Hill continuing the circle to a point beyond the roads which I have named above. While Hill has placed some guns (60 in all) along the higher ridge in his rear (Seminary Ridge), which extends to a point nearly oppo- site the Union left, these will fire over the heads of Longstreet’s forces and some of the advance of the Union left, and concentrate on the posi- tion at Cemetery Ridge and Hill. THE ARTILLERY BATTLE. At a signal from General Lee, at i P. M., with the suddenness of a thunderbolt, the stream of shot and shell and shrapnell burst on the Union position. The enemy have got the exact range and the fire tells. The air is filled with shrieking shot and shell, with fragments of rock torn from the cliffs, branches of trees, clouds of earth, pieces of gravestones from the cemetery, and flying debris. This medley of discordant sounds is taken up and re-echoed along the valley, making a carnage so awful that no one who witnessed it will forget this artillery fire while life lasts. In a few minutes everything which had life was clear from Cemetery Hill. Men and horses were killed while moving through this blinding storm of dust and missiles for shelter. The rocks, ravines, fences and trees were used to protect the non-combatants, while the infantry, who were stationed to resist the assault which is to follow, were instructed to seek such shelter as could be found until the moment of attack. Not so the artillerists, who stand to their guns and give an answering note from the ioo guns along the heights. Not a cannoneer leaves his post, and the guns, though less in number and calibre, are well served. After an hour and a half of this kind of work, the fire slackens down on the Union side ; it may be to allow the guns to cool, or because heavy ammunition is getting low, or for some other cause. This is considered an evidence of defeat by the enemy, and he increases the intensity of his fire. General Hunt, who wishes to con- firm him in his belief, ceased firing, except from a few guns. The enemy now prepare for THE ASSAULT. The assaulting column, which is two miles long, emerges from the woods into the open plain. Pickett’s division, with Kemper and Garnett in front and Armistead in the rear, lead. Heth’s division, now commanded by THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 25 Pettigrew, is on Pickett’s left,, a little in the rear. Two of Pender’s brigades are thrown, out on the left as a wing, and two brigades of the same divi- sion are in Pettigrew’s rear in support. On the right of Pick- ett, Wilcox’s and Perry’s brig- ades are thrown out as a wing, and Wright’s brigade is in the rear in support. In front is a cloud of skirmishers. This brilliant array o£ troops now moved straight onward towards the left face of Cemetery Ridge, amid the deathly silence of expectation, the Union bat- teries holding their fire until the assaulting columns are with- in point blank range. As the right of the column approached Doubleday’s position, seeing that he was very strongly posted.five lines deep, the direction was changed so as to strike Gibbon’s divisions, which was only two lines deep. The wing (Wilcox and Perry), not understanding the movement, kept straight onward, leaving a gap, thus exposing Pickett’s right flank to Hazlett’s and McGilvary’s batteries at short range. Hancock now ordered Stanard’s Vermont brigade of Doubleday’s division to attack Pickett’s exposed flank. Other portions of Doubleday’s force met the wing, who were thrown back in disorder. This movement also exposed Pettigrew’s left flank to Osborn’s bat- teries on Cemetery Hill, also at short range. Pickett’s division kept right on, vaulting over fences and other obstructions, until they arrived at the stone wall. Here a most deadly contest ensued in their attempt to beat down Cushing’s battery and Webb’s regiments. The enemy almost suc- ceeded in penetrating the Union line, but their onset is met by foemen worthy of their steel. Southern dash is met by Northern pluck. This thin line is composed of the very flower of the Northern army, led by Hunt, Chief of Artillery, Webb, Hall and others, who rally to the support of the overborne column, and check the enemy’s advance, delivering into their very faces a fire so terrible that they halt and waver. They cannot re- treat ; they cannot advance ; they are pressed on every side. They now surrender. Over 3,000 prisoners are thus captured, leaving their flags in the hands of the victors. Pettigrew’s division moves up to the line at the same moment, but its power is spent. It cannot resist the terrible fire Pickett. 26 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. of the batteries on Cemetery Hill and the galling musketry fire, and it -crumbles and breaks, flying in disorder across the plain, more than two- thirds of its number being lost in this ill-fated assault. Pickett now re- tires with the remnant of his division, Lee sending Wright’s brigade to cover his retreat from the attacking party of flankers sent out from the Union lines. THE CYCLORAMA represents the charge when it is well in progress. When the visitor •emerges from the staircase to the platform, he faces the rear of the army. His position is at the intersection of the cross fires of Hill and Longstreet •cannon. The site of the platform during the artillery fire was occupied “by Battery B. This battery was totally demolished and the debris which lie scattered about are some of its remains The old shattered house where the sqtiad of cavalry are alighting was Meade’s headquarters. The •old well where the soldiers are drinking, and the ricks of hay in whose shade the wounded soldiers are lying, and the shed where surgeons are at work form a most realistic picture. Culp’s Hill in the distance forms a most peaceful background to the scene. At your eft the green slope of Cemetery Ridge, with its background of trees, hides the cemetery and Howard’s position from view. At your right, Wheeler’s battery coming down from the Taneytown road through the wheatfield, and the general hurried movement to the front, cause you to turn sharply around, when you face the point where the three Confederate flags are seen, just beside the stone wall where General Armistead’s command have pene- trated the Union line. General Armi- stead has been wounded and is falling backward from his horse. Lieutenant Cushing, who has vainly attempted to hold the position, has been mortally wounded, and as he lies on the trail of his gun is firing his last shot. Coming to the rescue with Hall’s Maine brigade is honest John Gibbon, who sits facing you on his big grey horse pointing to where the enemy have penetrated the line. Colonel Hall is right be- hind him on a black horse, and just a little nearer you General Webb is urging his men forward. Looking beyond the batteries coming to and from the field, in the act of crossing a little farm road, is the General who commands the field, Hancock. A staff officer in the act of delivering a message has been shot, and both horse and rider lie dead in the road. A prominent point, sure to attract the eye, are the figures of two officers, a fine looking young man in artillery uniform (Major Osborn) and a gen- Armistead. THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 27 eral officer looking through a field glass (General Hunt, Chief of Artil- lery), their horses standing knee deep in the wheat. At the same time, glancing just beyond, you see beside a stone wall, surmounted by a rail fence, a line of soldiers also knee deep in the wheat. One giant-formed fellow, with his arm in a sling, seems like a modern Goliath. This is known as the death line, no soldier being allowed to pass to the rear alive. The two artillery officers above men- tioned are looking in the direction of Pet- tigrew’s advance in the triangle between the stone wall, watching the effect of the fire of Battery A, whose five guns are play- ing on the advancing enemy, and of Brown’s battery, who now occupy the place made vacant by the disaster to Battery B, the site of the plat- form. The shrinking of the forms of Pettigrew’s advance in the triangle «s caused by the galling fire of those batteries and their infantry support. Off to the left, beyond Gibbon, is Doubleday’s division with his skir- mishers out in front in the shape of a triangle. Other lines are obscured by the grove of trees in front. In the meadow beyond them is Stan- mard’s Vermonters with skirmishers thrown out in the apple orchard. The two detached brigades of Confederates coming through the apple orchard are Wilcox and Perry, Pickett’s wing. Away beyond in the rear of some houses on the Emmetsburg road is the famous peach orchard of Wed- nesday’s battle. The faint yellow line in the rear is the wheat field so famous at Gettysburg. The smoke of the batteries on Little Round Top and the little white puffs in the meadow, this side, bear a close relation to the falling forms in your front. One of these missives has killed another of Pickett’s briga- diers, General Garnett, who is near the stone wall at the triangle. This officer has not yet fallen from his horse. General Kemper, the 3d brigadier, has been severely wounded, and is being borne from the field by two soldiers. The white puffs of smoke along the ridges in your front, mark the po- sitions of Hill’s and Longstreet’s cannon during the artillery duel. To your right, as you look over the line of the five guns of Battery A. you see a portion of the village of Gettysburg. Beyond, to the right of the seminary, is a ploughed hillside fringed by a belt of vvoodland. Be- yond the hill is where Buford’s cavalry met the advance of Hill’s corps and drove them back on the main body. The enemy, who rallied, drove Buford in turn over these fields to the Emmetsburg road. General Wadsworth, who was advancing up this road, seeing the situa- tion, charged forward impetuously and drove the enemy through the Hancock. 28 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. streets of the village. The positions occupied during the first day’s battle are hidden from view by Cemetery and Culp’s Hills. General Lee is between the building pierced with numerous tall win- dows and the cloud of smoke, seen on the brow of the hill beyond the Emmetsburg road. Pickett is seated on a white horse near some houses a little farther down the road. Lee is watching with anxious eye the progress of Pickett and Petti- grew. The latter already shows evidence of weakness, the terribly de- structive fire of the batteries and Hayes’ infantry support has decimated his ranks. The end is so plain to both Longstreet and Lee that their only thought is how to save the army from the expected countercharge of Meade with his reserves, when the recoil comes. General Meade’s reserves, composed largely of the 6th corps, are in two fields near the Taneytown road. General Meade is near the houses at the base of Power’s Hill in the field beyond the death line, seated on a bay horse. His chief of staff, Butter- field, is just behind him on a white horse. The Taneytown road which comes in from the south and passes around the base of Power’s Hill and disappears over the brow of Ceme- tery Ridge is the road by which Han- cock arrived on the afternoon of the ist. The road which is seen over the brow of Power’s Hill in the dim perspective as it passes through a scattered hamlet, leads to Baltimore. The large hill which lies between the Taneytown road and Little Top, which forms south a fine background to the picture, holds no relation, militarily, to the Union position. There are many points of interest in the foreground and perspective, both in a historic and artistic point of view, which can only be developed by a study of the painting. In the triangle, between the two stone walls, are three trees, two pines and a tree resembling a poplar; nothing can be truer to nature in coloring, shape and pose than this tree; if you look under its branches to the right, you will see in the distant perspective a little hamlet nestling in a valley in peaceful contrast to the tragic scene being enacted in the foreground. It was in this line of view that Gen. Pender, of Hill’s Corps, who com- manded Pettigrew’s wing and supports, was mortally wounded while leading his brigades into action. Seen in the daylight, this picture is so realistic and so true to nature, that you look in vain for the beginning of the canvas. Garnett THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG 29 The hills and the valleys group themselves naturally, and the soft and fleecy clouds of this July afternoon seem to drift lazily over the landscape. Each figure among these thousands is different from any other. Every face wears a different expression. Every foot- step casts a shadow. Seen under the electric light the illusion is perfect. The fields, and the hills and distant vistas are all real, and these are living, mov- ing figures which surround you. As you stand and gaze o’er the landscape, memory carries you back over the vista of years to the dark and troublous times when this great victory came like a rift of sun1 light over an angry sky. Doubleday. 30 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. ROSTER OF THE FEDERAL ARMY Engaged in the Battle of Gettysburg, Wednesday, Thursday, and TYiday, July 1st, 2d, and 3d, 1863. Major-General GEO. GORDON MEADE Commanding. STAFF. Major-General DANTEL BUTTERFIELD, Chief of Staff. Brigadier-General M. R. PATRICK, Provost-Marshal-General. *' “ SETH WILLIAMS, Adjutant-General. “ “ EDMUND SCHRIVER, Inspector-General. “ “ RUFUS INGALLS, Quartermaster-General. Colonel HENRY F. CLARKE, Chief Commissary of Subsistence. Major JONATHAN LETTERMAN, Surgeon, Chief of Medical Department. Brigadier-General G. K. WARREN, Chief Engineer. Major D. W. FLAGLER, Chief Ordnance Officer. Major-General ALFRED PLEASONTON, Chief of Cavalry. Brigadier-General HENRY J. HUNT, Chief of Artillery. Captain L. B. NORTON, Chief Signal Officer. Major-General JOHN F. REYNOLDS,1 Commanding the First, Third, and Eleventh Corps on July 1st, Major-General HENRY W. SLOCUM, Commanding the Right Wing on July 2d, and July 3d. Major-General W. S. HANCOCK, Commanding the Left Center on July 2d and July 3d. FIRST CORPS. Major-General JOHN F. REYNOLDS, Permanent Commander. Major-General ABNER DOUBLEDAY, Commanding on July 1st. Major-General JOHN NEWTON, Commanding on July 2d and 3d. FIRST DIVISION. Brigadier-General JAMES S. WADSWORTH Commanding. First-Brigade.—(1) Brigadier-General Solomon Meredith (wounded); (2) Colonel IIewbt A. M»». row (wounded); (3) Colonel W. W. Robinson. 2d Wisconsin, Colonel Lucius Fairchild (wo3« Lieut.-Colonel Richard Penn Smith; 72d Pennsylvania, Colonel AW Witt C. Baxter, a06th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Theo. Hesser. Third, Brigade — Colonel Norman J. Hall Commanding. 19th Massachusetts. Colonel Arthur F. Devereux; 20th Massachusetts, Colonel Paul J. Revere (killed), Captain II. L. Abbott (wounded); 42d 7. 9olol!ei P-. Mallon : 59th New York, Lieut.-Colonel Max A. Thoman (killed); 7th Michigan, Colonel N. J. Hall, Lieut.-Colonel Amos E. Steele (killed), Major S. W. Curtis. Unattached.—Andrew Sharpshooters. THIRD DIVISION. Brigadier-General ALEXANDER HAYS Commanding. Mrsf Brigade.—Co\one\ Samuel S. Carroll Commanding. 4th Ohio, Lieut.-Colonel James H 2?..Lieut.-Colone1 L W Carpenter; 8th Ohio, Colonel S. S. Carroll, Lieut.-Colonel Franklin Saw- J6r, 14th Indiana, Colonel John Coons; 7th West Virginia, Colonel Joseph Snycrer. .Sicond Brigade.— Colonel Thomas A. Smyth Commanding (wounded); Lieut.-Colonel F E Pierce. Mth Connecticut, Major JohnT. Ellis; 10th New York (battalion), Major Geo. F. Hopper; 108th New 32 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. York, Colonel Charles J. Powers; 12th New Jersey, Major John T. Hill; 1st Delaware, Colonel Thomas Jl. Smyth; Lieut.-Colonel Edward P. Harris, Captain M. B. Ellgood (killed), Lieutenant Wm. Smitn .(killed). Third Brigade— Colonel George L. Willard Commanding (killed); Colonel Eliakim Sherrill (killed); Lieut.-Colonel James M. Bull. 39th New York, Lieut.-Colonel James G. Hughes; 111th New York, Colonel Clinton D. McDougall (wounded). Lieut.-Colonel Isaac M. Lusk, Captain A. P Seeley; 125th New York, Colonel G. L. \V illard (killed), Lieut.-Colonel Levi Crandall; 126th New York, Colonel E. Sherrill (killed); Lieut.-Colonel J. M. Bull. Attillcry Brigade.— Captain J. G. Hazard Commanding. Battery B, 1st New York, Captain .lames cK. Rorty (killed); Battery A, 1st Rhode Island, Lieutenant William A. Arnold; Battery B, 1st Rhode Island, Lieutenant T. Fred. Brown (wounded); Battery I, 1st United States, Lieutenant G. A. Woodruff (killed); Battery A, 4th United States, Lieutenant A. H. Cushing (killed). TNote.—Battery C, 4th United States, Lieutenant E. Thomas, was in the line of the Second Corps on ■July 3d. Soma of the batteries were so nearly demolished that there was no officer to assume command at the close of the battle.] Cavalry Squadron.—Captain Riley Johnson Commanding. D and K, 6th New York. THIRD CORPS. Major-General DANIEL E. SICKELS Commanding (wounded). Major-General DAVID B. BIRNEY. FIRST DIVISION. Major-General DAVID B. BIRNEY, Permanent Commander. Brigadier-General J. H. H. WARD. First Brigade.—Brigadier-General C. K. Graham Commanding (wounded, captured); Ct/onel An- drew- H. Tippin. 57th Pennsylvania, Colonel Peter Sides, Lieut.-Colonel Win. P. Neeper (wounded). Captain A. II. Nelson; 63d Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel John A. Dunks; 68th Pennsylvania, Colonel A. H. Tippin, all the Field Officers wounded; 105th Pennsylvania, Colonel Calvin A. Craig; 114th Pennsyl- vania. Lieut.-Colonel Frederick K. Cavada (captured); 141st Pennsylvania, Colonel Henry J. Madill, Captain E. R. Brown.1 [Note.—The Second New Hampshire, Third Maine, and Seventh and Eighth New Jersey also formed part of Graham's line on the ad.] Second Brigade.—Brigadier-General J. II. n. Ward Commanding; Colonel H. Berdan. 1st U. S. Sharpshooters, Colonel IL Berdan, Lieut.-Colonel O. Trapp; 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, Major II. II. Stough- ton; 3d Maine, Colonel M. B. Lakeman (captured), Captain William C. Morgan; 4th Maine. Colonel Eli- jah Walker (killed), Major Ebenezer Whitcombe (wounded). Captain Edward Libby; 20th Indiuna, Colo- nel John Wheeler (killed), Lieut.-Colonel William C. L. Taylor: 99th Pennsylvania, Major John W. Moore; 86th New York. Lieut.-Colonel Benjamin Higgins; 124th New York, Colonel A. Van Horn Ellis (killed), Lieut.-Colonel Francis M. Cummings. Third Brigade.—Colonel Philip R. de Trobriand Commanding. 3d Michigan, Colonel Byron R. Pierce (wounded), Lieut.-Colonel E. 8. Pierce; 5th Michigan, Lieut.-Colonel John Pulford (wounded), Major S. S. Matthews; 40th New York, Colonel Thomas W. Egan; 17th Maine. Lieut.-Colonel Charles B. Merrill; 110th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel David M. Jones (wounded), Major Isaac Rogers. SECOND DIVISION. Brigadier-General ANDREW A. HUMPHREYS Commanding. First Brigade.—Brigadier-General Joseph B. Carr Commanding. 1st Massachusetts, Colonel N. 1). McLaughlin; 11th Massachusetts, Lieut.-Colonel Porter D. Tripp; 16th Massachusetts, Lieut.-Colonel Waldo Merriam; 27th Pennsylvania, Captain Geo. W. Tomlinson (wounded). Captain Henry Goodfellow; 11th New Jersey, Colonel Robert McAllister (wounded), Major Philip J. Kearney (killed), Captain Wm. B. Dunning; 84th Pennsylvania (not engaged), Lieut-Colonel Milton Opp; 12th New Hampshire, Captain J. F. Langley, Second Brigade.—Colonel William R. Brewster Commanding. 70th New York (1st Excelsior)* Major Daniel Mahen; 71st New York (2d Excelsior), Colonel Henry L. Potter; 72d New York (8d Excel- sior), Colonel Wm. O. Stevens (killed), Lieut.-Colonel John S. Austin: 73d New York (4th Excelsior), Colonel William R. Brewster, Major M. W. Burns; 74th New York (5th Excelsior), Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Holt; 120th New York, Lieut.-Colonel Cornelius D. Westbrook (wounded), Major J. R. Tappeu, Captain A. L. Lockwood. Third Brigade.—Colonel Georoe C. Burling Commanding. 5th New Jersey, Colonel William J. Sewall (wounded), Captain Virgel M. Healey (wounded), Captain T. C. Godfrey, Captain H. H. Woolsey; €fh New Jersey, Colonel George C. Burling, Lieut.-Colonel S. It. Gilkyson; 7th New Jersey, Colonel L. R. Francine (killed), Lieut.-Colonel Francis Price; 8th New Jersey, Colonel John Ramsey (wounded). Captain John G. Langston; 115th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel John P. Dunne; 2d New Hampshire, Colonel Edward L. Bailey;(wounded), Major Sami. P. Sayles (wounded). Artillery Brigade.—Captain George E. Randolph Commanding. Battery Ev 1st Rhode Island, Lieutenant John K. Bucklyn (wounded), Lieutenant Benj. Freeborn; Battery B, 1st New Jersey, Captain A. J. Clark; Battery D, 1st New Jersey, Captain Geo. T. Woodbury; Battery K, 4th IT. S., Lieutenant F. W. Seeley (wounded). Lieutenant Robt. James; Battery D, 1st New York, Captain.Georgc IL Winslow; 4th New York, Captain James E. Smith. FIFTH CORPS. Major-General GEORGE SYKES Commanding. FIRST DIVISION. Brigadier-General JAMES BARNES Commanding. First Brigade.—Colonel W. S. Tilton Commanding. 18th Massachusetts, Colonel Joseph Eayeei 1 Colonel Madill commanded the 114th and 141st Pennsylvania THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 33 22d Massachusetts, Colonel William S. Tilton, Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Sherman, Jr.; 118th Pennsylvania Colonel Charles M. Provost; 1st Michigan, Colonel Ira C. Abbott (wounded), Lieut.-Colonel W A Throop. Second Brigade.— Colonel J. B. Sweitzer Commanding. 9th Massachusetts, Colonel Patrick R. Gnlney; 32d Massachusetts, Colonel Geo. L. Prescott (wounded), Lieut.-Colonel Luther Stephenson (wounded), Major J. Cushing Edmunds; 4th Michigan, Colonel Hamson II. Jeffords (killed), Lieut- Colonel George W. Lombard; 62d Pennsylvania, Colonel J. B. Sweitzer, Lieut.-Colonel James C. Hull. Third Brigade.—Colonel Strong Vincent Commanding (killed); Colonel James C. Rice. 20th Maine, Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain; 44th New York, Colonel James C. Rice, Lieut-Colonel Freeman Conner; &3d Pennsylvania, Major WilliamH. Lamont, Captain O. E. Woodward; 16th Michigan, Lieut.- Colonel N. E. Welch. SECOND DIVISION. Brigadier-General ROMAYN B. AYRES Commanding. First Brigade.—Colonel Hannibal Day, 6th U. S. Infantry, Commanding. 3d U. S. Infantry, Cap- tain H. W, Freedley (wounded), Captain Richard G. Lay; 4th U. S. Infantry, Captain J. W. Adams: 6th U. S. Infantry, Captain Levi C. Bootes; 12th U. S. Infantry, Captain Thomas S. Dunn; 14th U. S. Infan- try, Major G. R. Giddings. Second Brigade.—Colonel Sidney Burbank, 2d U. S. Infantry, Commanding. 2d U. S. Infantry, Major A. T. Lee (wounded), Captain S. A. McKee; 7th U. S. Infantry, Captain D. P. Hancock; 10th U. S. Infantry, Captain William Clinton; 11th U. S. Infantry, Major De L. Floyd Jones; 17th U. S. Infantry, Lieut.-Colonel Durrell Green. Third Brigade.—Brigadier-General S. H. Weed (killed); Colonel Kenner Garrard. 140th New York, Colonel Patrick H. O'Rorke (killed), Lieut.-Colonel Louis Ernst; 146th New York, Colonel K. Gar- rard, Lieut.-Colonel David T. Jenkins; 91st Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Joseph H, Sinex; 155th Penn- sylvania, Lieut.-Colonel John II. Cain. THIRD DIVISION. Brigadier-General S. WILEY CRAWFORD Commanding. First Brigdde.—Colonel William McCandless Commanding. 1st Pennsylvania Reserves, Colonel William Cooper Talley; 2d Pennsylvania Reserves, Colonel William McCandless, Lieut.-Colonel George A. Woodward; 6th Pennsylvania Reserves, Colonel Wellington H. Ent; 11th Pennsylvania Reserves, Colonel S. M. Jackson; 1st Rifles (Bucktails), Colonel Charles J. Taylor (killed), Lieut.-Colonel A. E. Niles (wounded), Major William R. Hartshorn. Second Brigade.—Colonel Joseph W. Fisher Commanding. 5th Pennsylvania Reserves, Colonel J. W. Fisher, Lieut.-Colonel George Dare; 9th Pennsylvania Reserves, Lieut.-Colonel James McK. Snod- grass; 10th Pennsylvania Reserves, Colonel A. J. Warner; 12th Pennsylvania Reserves, Colonel M. D. Hardin. Artillery Brigade.— Captain A. P. Martin Commanding. Battery D, 5th United States, Lieutenant Charles E. Hazlett (killed), Lieutenant B. F. Rittenhouse; Battery I, 5th United States, Lieutenant Leon- ard Martin; Battery C, 1st New York, Captain Albert Barnes; Battery L, 1st Ohio, Captain N. C, Gibbs) Battery C, Massachusetts, Captain A. P. Martin. Provost Guard.—Captain H. W. Ryder. Companies E and D, 12th New York. SIXTH CORPS. Major-General JOHN SEDGWICK Commanding. FIRST DIVISION. Brigadier-General H. G. WRIGHT Commanding. —Brigadier-General A. T. A. Torbert Commanding, let New Jersey, Lieut.-Colonel William Henry, Jr.; 2d New Jersey, Colonel Samuel L. Buck; 3d New Jersey, Colonel Henry W. Brown; 15th New Jersey, Colonel William H. Penrose. Second Brigade.-Brigadier- General J. J. Bartlett Commanding. 5th Maine, Colonel Clark S. Edwards; 121st New York, Colonel Emory Upton; 95th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Edward Carroll; 96th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel William H. Lessig. Third Brigade.—Brigadier-General D. A. Russell Commanding. 6th Maine, Colonel Hiram Bum- ham; 49th Pennsylvania, Colonel William H. Irvin; 119th Pennsylvania, Colonel P. C. Ellmaker; 5th Wisconsin, Colonel Thomas S. Allen. SECOND DIVISION. Brigadier-General A. P. HOWE Commanding. Second Brigade.—Colonel L. A. Grant Commanding. 2d Vermont, Colonel J. H. Walbridge; 3d Ver- mont, Colonel T. G. Seaver; 4th Vermont, Colonel E. H. Stoughton; 5th Vermont, Lieut.-Colonel John It. Lewis; 6th Vermont, Lieut.-Colonel Elisha L. Barney. Third Brigade.—Brigadier-General T. A. Neill Commanding. 7th Maine, Lieut.-Colonel Seldon Conner; 49th New York, Colonel D. D. Bidwell; 77th New York, Colonel J. B. McKean; 43d New York, Colonel B. F. Baker; 61st Pennsylvania, Major Geo. W. Dawson. THIRD DIVISION. Brigadier-General FRANK WHEATON Commanding.' First Brigade. Brigadier-General Alexander Shaler Commanding. 65th New York, Colonel J. E. Hamblin; 6lonel Joseph II. Ham; 41st Virginia Regiment, Colonel W. A. Parham; (list Virginia Regiment, Colonel V. D. Groner. Posey's Brigade— Brigadier-General Canot Pokey Commanding. 40th Mississippi Regiment, Colo- nel Jos. Jayne; 16th Mississippi Regiment, Colonel Samuel E. Baker; 19th Mississippi Regiment, Colo- 1A'4 John Mullins; 12th Mississippi Regiment, Colonel W. H. Taylor. Wright's Brigade -Brigadier-General A. It. Wkight Commanding. 2d Georgia Battalion, Major G. ‘<1. Ross; 3d Georgia Regiment, Colonel E. J. Walker; 22d Georgia Regiment, Colonel It. H. Jones; 48th Georgia Regiment, Colonel William Gibson. Perry's Brigade.—Brigadier-General E. A. Perry Commanding. 2d Florida Regiment, IJeut.-Colonel l G. Pyles; 5th Florida Regiment, Colonel J. C. Hately; 8th Florida Regiment, Colonel David Long. HETH’S DIVISION. First, Pettigrew's Brigade.—42d, 11th, 26th, 44th. 47th, 52(1, and 17th North Carolina Regiments Second, Field's Brigade.— 40th, 55th, and 47th Virginia Regiments. Third, Archer's Brigade.—1st, 7th, and 14th Tennessee, and 13th Alabama Regiments. Fourth, Cook's Brigade.—15th, 27th. 46th, and 48th North Carolina Regiments. Fifth, Davis's Brigade.—HA, 11th, 42d Mississippi, and 55th North Carolina Regiments. PENDERS DIVISION. First, McGowan's Brigade.—1st, 12th. 13th, and 14th North Carolina Regiments. Second, Lane's Brigade.—7th, 18th, 28th. :13d, and 37th Georgia Regiments. Third. Thomas's Brigade.—14th. 35th, 45th, and 49th Georgia Regiments. Fourth, Pender's Old Brigade.—13th, 16th, 22d, 34th, and 38th North Carolina Regiments. ARTILLERY OF THE THIRD CORPS. Colonel R. LINDSAY WALKER Commanding. Battalion.—Major D. G. McIntosh; Major W. F. Poaoue. Batteries: Hurt’s, Rice’s, Luck's, John- i on’s. Battalion.—Lieut.-Colonel Garnett; Major Richardson. Batteries: Lewis's, Maurin’s, Moore’s, Wrandy’s. Battalion.—Major Cutshaw. Batteries; Wyatt's, Woolfolk’s, Brooke’s. Battalion.— Major Willie P. Pegram. Batteries: Brunson’s, Davidson’s, Crenshaw’s, McGraw’s, Marye’s. Battalion.—Lieut.-Colonel Cutts; Major Lane. Batteries: Wingfield’s, Ross’s, Patterson’s. Total number of guns, Artillery of the Third Corps, 83. Total number of guns, Army of Northern Virginia, 248. LIEUT.-GENERAL J. E. B. STUART’S CAVALRY CORPS. Brigadier-General Wade Hampton’s Brigade. Brigadier-General Fitz Hugh Lee’s Brigade. Brigadier-General W. H. F. Lee’s Brigade, under Colonel Chambliss. Brigadier-General B. II. Robertson’s Brigade. Brigadier-General William E. Jones’s Brigade. Brigadier-General J. D. Imboden’s Brigade. Brigadier-General A. G. Jenkins’s Brigade. Colonel White’s Battalion. Baker’s Brigade. The regimental rotter of this Cavtlry Corps is unfortunately unobtainable.] CYCLORAMA OF THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 39 JOHN BURNS, OF GETTYSBURG. By BRET HARTE. “ Have you heard the story the gossips tell Of John Burns, of Gettysburg ? No ? Ah well, Brief is the glory that hero earns, Briefer the story of poor John Burns ; He was the fellow who won renown— The only man who didn’t back down When the rebels rode through his native town ; But held his own in the fight next day, When all his townsfolk ran away. That was in July, sixty-three.— The very day that General Lee, The flower of Southern chivalry, Baffled and beaten, backward reeled From a stubborn Meade and a barren field. I might tell how, but the day before, John Burns stood at his cottage-door, Looking down the village-street; Where, in the shade of his peaceful vine, He heard the low of his gathered kine, And felt their breath with incense sweet; Or, I might say, when the sunset burned The old farm gable, he thought it turned The milk, that fell in a babbling flood Into the milk-pail, red as blood; Or how he fancied the hum of bees Were bullets buzzing among the trees. But all such fanciful thoughts as these Were strange to a practical man like Burns, Who minded only his own concerns, Troubled no more by fancies fine Than one of his calm-eyed long-tailed kine— Quite old-fashioned and matter-of-fact, Slow to argue, but quick to act. That was the reason, as some folks say, He fought so well on that terrible day. And it was terrible. On the right Raged for hours the heavy fight Thundered the battery’s double-bass— Difficult music for men to face ; While on the left—where now the graves Undulate like the living waves That all the day unceasing swept Up to the pits the rebels kept— Round-shot ploughed the upland glades, Sown with bullets, reaped with blades; Shattered fences here and there Tossed their splinters in the air ; The very trees were stripped and bare ; The barns that once held yellow grain Were heaped with harvests of the slain ; The cattle bellowed on the plain, The turkeys screamed with might and main, And brooding barn-fowl left their rest With strange shells bursting in each nest. Just where the tide of battle turns, Erect and lonely, stood old John Burns. 40 CYCLORAMA OF THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. How do you think the man was dressed ? He wore an ancient long buff vest— Yellow as saffron, but his best; And buttoned over his manly breast Was a bright blue coat, with a rolling collar And large gilt buttons—size of a dollar— With tails that country-folk call “ swaller.” He wore a broad-brimmed bell-crowned hat, White as the locks on which it sat. Never had such a sight been seen For forty years on the village-green, Since John Burns was a country-beau, And went to the “ quilting,” long ago. Close at his elbows all that day, Veterans of the Peninsula, Sunburnt and bearded, charged away, And striplings, downy of lip and chin— Clerks that the Home Guard mustered in— Glanced, as they passed, at the hat he wore, Then at the rifle his right hand bore, , And hailed him, from out their youthful lore, With scraps of a slangy repertoire: “ How are you, White Hat ?” “ Put her through 1” “ Your head’s level!” and “ Bully for you !” Called him “ Daddy,” and begged he’d disclose The name of the tailor who made his clothes, And what was the value he set on those ; While Burns, unmindful of jeer and scoff, Stood there picking the rebels off— With his long brown rifle and bell-crown hat And the swallow-tails they were laughing at. ’Twas but a moment: for that respect Which clothes all courage their voices checked; And something the wildest could understand Spake in the old man’s strong right hand, And his corded throat, and the lurking frown Of his eyebrows under his old bell-crown ; Until, as they gazed, there crept an awe Through the ranks in whispers, and some men saw, In the antique vestments and long white hair, The Past of the Nation in battle there. And some of the soldiers since declare That the gleam of his old white hat afar, Like the crested plume of the brave Navarre, That day was their oriflamme of war. Thus raged the battle. You know the rest: How the rebels, beaten and backward pressed, Broke at the final charge and ran ; At which John Burns, a practical man, Shouldered his rifle, unbent his brows, And then went back to his bees and cows. This is the story of old John Burns— This is the moral the reader learns: In fighting the battle, the question's whether You’ll show a hat that’s white, or a feather. General W. S. Hancock and Staff. ,.-General Hancock. Bingham. j.-Major Mitchell. 4.-Colonel W. P. Wilson. S.-Captain M'Uer. 6.-Captain Parker.