Notes of Lectures delivered by Henry N Guernsey M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania By Jacob gstreet Session "64 and '65  1 External Organs of Generation 1. Vestibule-Bounded anteriorly by the Clitoris, posteriorly by the meatus urinarius, laterally by the Labia Minora. Guide to the Meatus Urinarius, The walls of the Vagina coming together form at their top a little tubercle immediately above which is found the Meatus. The best Method of introducing the Catheter is to insert the finger into Vagina, then slip the Catheter down on palmer surface of finger until it reaches the tubercle, depress the instrument a little and it will enter the meatus. 2. Meatus Urinarius. Is is the mouth of the uretha. The uretha is about 1 1/2 inches long it extends upward and backward just on the upper wall of Vagina: it is composed of muscular tissue, seems to be a continuation of the bladder & is very distensible. 3. Hymen- A membrane seperating the internal from the external organs of generation It is usually concave on its anterior surface it may however take different shapes: thus it may be a circle open at the middle, or it sometimes covers the whole entrance of Vagina, being perforated by numerous small openings: again, it may consist of several strong, fibrous, bands. 4. Caruncula Myrtiformis- These are found on the borders of the Vagina, they are supposed to be the remains of the ruptured Hymen. 5. Fossa Naricularis- Found in anterior edge of the Perineum- one half an inch in length- one fourth of an inch wide- its anterior edge The Mons Veneus is often the seat of a troublesome itching [??eplion]: Rhustoic is the remedy fr 2 is the Hymen- its posterior the fourchette. Secretory apparatus. Two classes of glands. Sebaceous, covering all the mucus membranes of the great organs and muciparous, found in the vestibule, meatus urinarirus, and a few on the sides of the Vagina. Vulvo-Vaginal glands, are situated. one on each side, midway between the anterior and posterior commissure. The secretion of these glands has been mistaken for semen of the Female. The Female has no semen. These glands enlarge by much indulgence in venery. 6 Vagina. A cylindrical membranous canal, its direction is a curve, convex posteriorly, concave anteriorly, following the axis of the pelvis. It is closed in a quiescent state its walls are perpendicular in front and horizontal posteriorly. The ordinary length of the Vagina is about four (4) inches although it varies from two and a half (2 1/2) to six inches. It is in relation to the bladder and uretha anteriorly, posteriorly is in relation to rectum, being joined to it the rectum by a double fold of peritoneum. Its interior is lined with mucus membrane in transverse rugae, & is supplied with numerous glands. Structure composed of spongy erectile tissue interpersed between membranous laminae. The bulb of the vagina is a cavernous body, found on the Anterior surface of Vagina, between the clitoris and the anterior wall of the Vagina, is one inch long and one half an inch broad.† † 1 1/2 inch broad 3/4 inch long 1/2 inch thick 3 when the Vagina is over sensitive to the act of coition give Sepia: if that fails Rhus Tox. 7 Uterus The organ of gestation and parturition it is pear shaped, its axis that of superior strain, it extends from before backwards from above downwards.- Situated about middle of pelvis_ Divided into body and neck- Its connections are very distensible, moves in all directions, hence we have Anteversions, retroversions, right and left lateral versions- its volume varies with age, at puberty it has attained natural size at 45 or 50 years it dwindles away. It is about 3 inches long from fundus to apex, its long transverse diameter is one and a half (1 1/2) inches, at the apex or neck it is about a half an inch in all directions, As the Menstrual period the Uterus enlarges in size. It never returns to its normal size & weight after having borne children. Its weight at Puberty is from six to ten [cross out], after child-birth twelve [cross out] The situation of the organ varies, at birth it is completed, above the superior strait at ten years (10 yrs) sinks down, and at puberty is completely below the superior strait, Sometimes the neck of the Uterus becomes curved on itself this is called flexion and according to the direction 4 which it takes is styled Anteflexion, Retroflexion, or Lateroflexion. this deformity may be congenital or result from Flexion, if congenital nothing, can be done for it. It has two surfaces, external and internal.- is divided into two faces, two borders, a base, and an apex. Anterior Surface, slightly convex- is in relation to bladder with its inferior fourth- the superior three fourths are in relation to peritoneum, sometimes with convolutions of small intestines. Posterior surface quite convex, is in relation with convolutions of small intestines and rectum. Borders. They are slightly convex- are in relation [to] with and give attachment to the Broad Ligaments at the anterior portion, also the Round Ligaments and Fallopian Tubes, thus leaving the body of the Uterus in the posterior part of the pelvis. The Broad Ligaments divide the [body] cavity of the pelvis into two parts. The base of the Uterus looks upwards & forwards, and is in relation with the small intestines. The fundus comes almost to a level with the superior strait. The inferior extremity is embraced by the Vagina Neck- There is a difference in the neck of the uterus in different females. The neck is divided into two portions Infra and Supra Vaginal_ The vagina embraces 5 embraces the neck at the superior two thirds. Infra Vaginal portion in virgin as always smooth. The feel of the opening of the Uterus in virgins is like the tip of the nose it is from one half to three fourths of an inch long, and it called Os tincae, from its resemblance to a tench's mouth. In woman who have borne children the neck of the Uterus raises in proportion to the number of children. The parturient act ruptures the neck of the Uterus and causes tubercles. The neck will return more & more to its natural condition The Internal Surface is subdivided into Cavity of the body and cavity of the neck. The Cavity of the Body is the triangular with an opening at each extremity of the base. The Internal Os extends from the body into the neck. Cavity of the neck. The Mucus Membrane of it presents an appearance called Arbor Vitae it is fusiform in shape. The cavity of the body is triangular, with an opening at each end of the base. The cavity of the neck if fusiform. The internal os is smaller than the external During gestation, the body develops from above downwards; the neck from below upwards, the enlargements meeting at the internal os which is the last to give way. The Uterine cavity contains a number of white vessicles, or muciparous glands. These were mistaken for eggs by Naboth, and hence have received the name of Ovula Nabothi 6 The Uterus is composed of three coats, distinct from each other. the Internal, Middle and External coat, The External Coat is the peritoneum. The Middle Coat is a grayish, firm tissue, and creaks like a cartilage under the knife, it is a muscle whose fibres are disposed in such a direction that all the contractions tend to the centre; it becomes more or less redened during menstruation from congestion of blood, it also becomes more [cross out] muscular in appearance as gestation goes on. The internal coat is a mucus membrane and becomes red during Menstruation. The mucus membrane is separated from the muscular tissue by a white line of demarkation, it is closely adherent to the muscular coat, and is covered with white tubercles which are muciparous glands- similar glands are found in the cavity of the neck Vessels. The uterus is supplied with arteries from the Hypogastric_ The veins empty into corresponding trunks. Nerves come from the great Sympathetic, Hypogastric, and renal nerves. Ulceration of the neck of the uterus causes headache.- and sympathies of other organs. Ligaments of the Uterus. Broad Ligaments are a prolongation of the peritoneum they divide the pelvis into two portions and arise from the anterior part of the borders of the uterus. Round Ligaments arise at the junction of the lateral with the superior border: they are 7 composed of same substance as the uterus itself are situated within the fold of the Broad Ligaments, and pass outwards and downards to enter abdominal ring, as they pass out of abdominal ring they carry with them a pouch of Peritoneum into the Labia Majora, forming the canal of Neck. In some cases of prolapsus or retroversion it will cause pain in the abdominal ring. Fallopian Tubes are four to five inches in length in the recent subject,- They are composed of three substances or coats- 1st Internal on Mucus 2nd Middle or muscular which is a prolongation of the muscular coat of the Uterus. 3rd The Peritoneum The diameter of the internal orifice is three sixteenths of an inch- of the cavity as the middle one fourth of an inch at the abdominal opening three eights. It terminates in what is called the Fimbriated Extremity, this arrangment is to grasp the ovum when discharged from the ovary- these extremities are not disturbed during sexual intercourse. Ovary is situated in Broad Ligaments just back of Fallopian Tubes are almond shaped From the smallest part of the ovary comes off the ligament of the Ovary. The Ovaries increase in size during the menses. They are plump, and of a pinkish hue at puberty after menstruation the discharge of the ovum leaves a scar (if impregnated the scar is larger) The ovary becomes shrivelled and weighs 8 about one drachm, after the period of child bearing. It is composed of Peritoneum on outer side within that the Tunica Albuginea, inside that still the spongy mass, which when cut open reveals the Graafian Vessicles, these as they become more developed, approach the surface of the Ovary. The grand support of the Uterus is the peritoneum When wind is discharged from Uterus per Vagina- it is relieved by Lycopodium. Sensation of weakness in the Pubic and Sacro-Illiac symphyses, the patient cannot walk well is relieved by bandaging the hip. Leucorrhocal discharge with a terrible sense of depression- Murex purpureus Graafian Vesicle is a vesicle covered with a membrane the "vesicular membrane".- within that a delicate membrane called "Granular Membrane". secreting a granular oily liquid, within this membrane is the egg proper. These two membranes belong to the ovary, and form, after the Ovum has burst through, the "Corpus Luteum". The egg is found in the fluid secreted by the "granular membrane". The granules are thick around the ovule. The Ovule is covered by a membrane called the "Vitelline Membrane". this constitutes the "Chorion" in pregnancy. Inside the "Vitelline membrane we find the "Vitellus"- In the "Vitellus" the "Germinal vessicle", this vessicle is white and surrounded by a thin membrane, within it is a round spot called the "Germinal Spot." 9 In early life the Graafian Vessicle may be seen deeply imbeded in the ovary, as the female advances in life toward puberty, one of these vessicles may be observed to rise toward external surface of the ovary_ it fills with fluid_ presses the egg hard against the outer covering of the ovary so as to form a ridge.- this grows higher and higher- finally bursts the coats and escapes with all the fluid which surrounds it_ The whole ovary becomes congested and red, also the Fallopian Tubes and Uterus so that the mucus membrane measures three eights of an inch in thickness sometimes, the amount discharged from the vagina varies from two to five ounces. It is this congestion that causes the Fallopian Tubes to grasp the Ovule. There is no reason why they should grasp the ovary in Sexual Intercourse There is no rigidity in the female sexual organs during coition_ the glands secrete more- everything becomes relaxed. The Corpus Luteum is always larger and formed more slowly after impregnation. The process above described is called "Spontaneous Ovulation". In the human female it takes place every month after the age of 14 or 15 yrs and from this fact has been Menstruation. It will thus occur monthly in a healthy female until She is 45 or 50 years old. Menstruation Physical signs. Hair begins to appear upon the Mons Veneris and vulva, the breasts become larger, nipple protrudes and gets sensitive and the outlines of her form become more rounded. Mental Changes_ The voice is softer. She is shy 10 and seeks more retirement, has vague sensations of things she is yet a stranger to, she has pains in the lumbar and sacral regions, bearing down in the pelvis her breasts swell, and sometimes she will have hysterical spasms. The Menses appear at fourteenth year usually_ last from three to five days the discharge amounts to three or five ounces is uncoagulable-The seat of the discharge is the mucous membrane, and it takes place every twenty-eight (28) days. Generation Four conditions necessary 1 Copulation 2 Conception 3 Gestation 4 Labor Conception. The spermatic fluid is a gelatinous, whitish fluid, secreted by the testicle. It consists of three portions Spermatozoa & Spermatic granules, and a whitish consistent fluid, called Spermatic fluid. The spermatozoa are found in all animals capable of fecundating. (There is no proof that they are living beings.) Where does the contact between the fecundating fluid and the germ of the female take place? Fœtuses are sometimes found in the ovary in the abdominal cavity thus giving positive proof that conception does sometimes take place in the Ovary,- and we have no proof that it does take place anywhere else. The communication takes place by a canal leaving from the posterior wall of the vagina up through the Uterus and into the ligament of the Ovary. Conception is an unconscious act. The 11 most favorable period for conception is some time after menstruation. Gestation. Gestation commences at the moment a woman becomes pregnant, it lasts 270 days. The Ovule passes from Ovary into the Uterus in from ten to twelve days. The Corpus Luteum is composed of the walls of the vessicle Remarkable changes take place in the Uterus during gestation these consist of changes in volume, form, situation or direction 1st In Volume, increases in its vertical diameter from three inches to twelve and a half (12 1/2) in the transverse from one and a half to nine and a half in the Anteroposterior from three quarters to eight and three quarters or nine and a forth inches. 2nd Shape changes from being flatened it becomes rounder- spheroidal- and at the end of pregnancy ovoid 3rd situation- The uterus rises more and more out of the pelvis as it increases in size and at the fourth month is two or three fingers breadth above the pubis; at five months it is one finger's breadth below the umbilicus; at the sixth month it is one fingers breadth past the umbilicus; three fingers breadth at seven months; five at eight months; in the last fortnight of the ninth month begins to sink 4th Direction- as the uterus is developed it inclines to the right side. 12 The neck also undergoes modifications in its consistence; its volume; its form; and its situation. Its fibrous consistence begins to diminish after conception: the most superficial or inferior part of the lips of the Os tincae begins to soften Volume increases in thickness, grows more & more voluminous. In primiparae it has the form of a spindle the external orifice being closed or nearly so, In Multipara the external orifice is open_ the cavity is funnel shaped the base of the funnel being below. Modifications of texture of the Uterus as pregnancy goes on The Peritoneal coat opens so as to allow the uterus to develop- the broad ligaments decrease in size until they are lost- they grow at the same time. In the mucus coat all the glands become more developed; the mucus membrane is finally incorporated with the placenta- gets redder. The muscular coat becomes a more perfect muscle. The fibres cross each other at the neck and terminating there, produces the Arbor Vitae appearance of the neck. Vessels. They also increase in size, some of them attain the size of a Crow's quill. [The?] Never increase in size. The uterus in its ordinary state is almost devoid of sensibility, but becomes very sensitive as pregnancy progresses. It also acquires two new properties. Organic Contractility- Idleness is the mother of mischief. The moment a horse has done eating his oats he turns to and gnaws down his manger, Substitute labor for oats and virtue for manger and what is true of horses is equally true of man.  13 and elasticity. The organic contraction in the human female is always attended with pain (This is not the Case with other animals) and takes place independent of the will The sudden entrance of a physician will sometimes stop the pains but they will soon come on again. The contractility is weakened by a great quantity of Liquor Amnii In such cases puncture the membranes. A too protracted labor will sometimes weaken the contractility, contractility remains for some time after death. The elasticity of the uterus will cause the Placenta to come away. The female should not have any after pains. The Elasticity is stronger in Primiparae it becoms weakened by repeated child-bearing_ Inflamation also weakens the elasticity. {If we find the Uterus does not decrease in size {if not find lochia of a brown color and stringy, {the mother complains of a sensation as if she {had another child_ CroCus The uterus developing inclines to the right side below it is in contact with the neck of the bladder; anteriorally with the wall of the abdomen, sometimes we find the small intestines between it & the wall of the abdomen posteriorly it is in relation to rectum below, to the sacro-vertebral angle and lumbar vertebra: superiorly with the mesentery, convolutions of the small intestines; right, laterally, with the walls of the pelvis, illiac vessels, psoas muscle, caecum & abdominal parieties; left, corresponding walls of the pelvis, illiac vessels, aorta, sigmoia flexure, 14 psoas muscle, and small intestines. As the Uterus rises out of the pelvis, the Vagina becomes Elongated and more curved; the uterus is also drawn as it were out of the vagina, The vagina also becomes larger, the Mucus Membrane in the last two or three months becomes covered with little prominences. The vagina secretes a profuse quantity of Mucus during pregnancy. Borax the rememdy. Alumina. When there is constipation, difficult of expelling, profuse discharge of mucus. Sometimes it will occur in the early stage, then stops [cross out] and appears again in the later stage. As the uterus rises takes with it the bladder, the uretha is then carried up under the Symphisis pubis. In such cases we should use the male catheter if required Female is sometimes troubled with vesicular tenesmus, causes by the pressure between abdominal walls and uterus. The pressure of the uterus upon the base of thorax will interfere with breathing. The Mammae undergo important modifications during pregnancy. They begin to enlarge at commencement of pregnancy, at the end of the 2nd month nipples become larger and erectile: the skin grows darker around nipple, thus we find it at the end of the 4th month; the darker the female 15 female, the darker the areola. The veins grow more prominent in the breasts; this condition continues througout the whole period of lactation. Signs of pregnancy are divided into Rational and Sensible. Rational Signs. Disappearance of menses in a healthy female. (May menstruate after becoming pregnant). Depression of the Umbilicus, (When woman Menstruates during lactation Cale & Silicia.) Enlargement of the Abdomen. The breasts enlarge, and the Areola is formed around the nipple. About the sixth week the nausea, called "Morning Sickness", makes its appearance. (With this nausea we often find a great quantity of salivation- Sulphur 6000) There is an alteration of urine in some cases, an appearance on the surface of pellicle like that on cold meat scrap Sensible Signs. are derived either from auscultation or touch. Touch operation for.- Female may lie on her side, limbs should be flexed upon the body at the edge of the bed. The index finger should be used. lubricate it well. Should be introduced with the back of hand forwards the vagina. Palpation- Female on back- limbs drawn up at 3 1/2 or 4 month the uterus rises above above symphisis pubis 16 Percussion- The position of the female as in the last_ We have a dull sound over the uterine region. Touch and palpation. Introduce a finger_ press on neck of the uterus, and, with the hand placed on the abdomen, the motion may be felt. It the uterus contains a tumor, the inequalities may be felt. If a mole, it mill be rigid and harder then in a pregnant state_ During Menstruation pregnancy is often Similated; we should wait in such cases some time before making an examination. The female begins to feel the motions of the foetus at three and a half or four months_ at the fourth or fifth month, another person may feel it (this is not a positive symptom.) Ballotement. The female should stand.- Strike the uterus just back of the neck by flexing the finger suddenly, and if the uterus contains a foetus you will get a sensation as of a weight falling upon your finger. This is a sure sign of pregnancy. The position of the foetus modifies the sensation; if it is a breech or shoulder presentation it will not be so sensible Auscultation. We can hear the sound of the foetal heart by means of the stethescope on the left of the middle line of the abdomen about the Ararian region. The number of beats is from one hundred and thirty to one hundred & sixty beats per minute. We many mistake the pulsations in the mother for foetal heart. It is first heard at the end of the 4th and the begining of the 5th month. If we hear 17 two distinct sounds, one on each side of the middle line, we may diagnose twin pregnancy. The bellows murmur is very much like the beats of the heart, is synchronous with the beats of the mother's heart, is caused by the placenta and is a swelling or blowing like sound. We can hear [cross out] [cross out] a similar sound in Chlorosis or when a fibrous tumor exists, and therefore it is of but little value as a sign of pregnancy The best position for auscultation is upon the back with the legs flexed; should move the stethescope form the left toward the middle. Reckon the period of Gestation from the disappearance of the Menses 270 days Treatments of Menstrual irregularities Amenorrhoea This is an absence of the menses it may result from the want of a proper development, that is there may be no Uterus or Ovary. If the Menses are retained we have the symptoms of fullness and other signs of a foreign body such a condition may be caused by a want of an os to the Uterus, or else the Cause may be in the vagina, or in imperforate hymen, or the vulva may be agglutinated. A female may enjoy good health and never menstruate, although Ovulation goes, and she may become pregnant. Where the cause is mechanical we must employ mechanical means to relieve. Remedies. When the menses have never appeared 18 Causticum. For females of a yellowish complexion weakly, rather serofulerus they are apt to be melancholy, look at the dark side of every thing_ Coliky_ Heysterical. Pinching pain in sacrum every time she ought to menstruate. Eyelids so heavy that she cannot keep them up. Graphites- When the female is course, wrigh looking with a tendency to obesity,- weakly- bloated swelling of the feet- itching blotches- Erysipelatous redness of the face- swelling of the feet, or when there is pale, thin and scanty menses. Herpetic erruptions on the face. Finger nails brittle; obstinate constipation, Hali Carb. Organic disease of the heart perhaps or where there is a strong disposition to phithisis_ Alternate redness and paleness of the face. Dyspnoea and palpitation of the heart. Constipation large difficult stool once a week. Good deal of sticking pain. Pulsatilla- The patient has a mild, tearful disposition, cry easily, She has either no appetite or else a good appetite with aversion to food: bad taste, particularly in the morning, a slippery taste (a rough taste as of saw dust indicates Sulp) nothing tastes good, water tastes bitter, [illegible] flying from one place to another. Hemicrania flying from one side to the other Swelling of the calf of the leg which is hot also swelling of the feet and ankles. Worse in the afternoon and towards evening_ Better in the open air or cold air- Made much worse by warm drinks The muscles are flabby and soft. Worse toward evening or in the first part of the night. Freckled face. Sulphur. There is a sense of heat on top 19 of the head, wants water on it all the time_ Cold feet_ She has excessive appetite yet looses flesh. Piles sore, bleeding, and tender. Itching leucorrhoea_ weak epells. wants dinner about 11 O'clock. Sense of weight in the stomach. Sepia. Yellow saddle across to nose yellow spots on the face here and there, white tender and delicate skin Constipation, sense of weight in the anus. Cold hands and feet. Terrible flashes of heat at the time she ought to menstruate, Burning in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Urine very offensive with clay like sediment Sense of emptiness in the pit of stomach Ferrum. In females with a fiery red face, and who have all the debility- which charaterises this remedy Cocculus Indicus. Where we find the patient very weak, she will hardly be able to answer you a word, she will have pains in her back running into the abdomen will be hysterical & have difficulty in breathing. There will be uneasiness, sighs, sadness, and occasionally a discharge of a few drops of black blood. Abdominal cramps Lycopodisses. Where there is sour mouth and occasionally sour vomiting. Sensation of fullness clear up to the throat, she can't eat anything. Passage of wind from the Vagina. Loud for bogrymus Dryness of the Vagina- If she wants to pass water She must wait a long time. Great pain in the back when desiring to pass water. Milky leucorrhoea 20 Magnesia Carb She has sore throat when she should mensturate also has heart burn and great acidity of stomach Conium. When the breasts are either flabby and shrivelled, a more after swollen, hard, and painful; stinging pains in the neck of the uterus, Can't turn over in bed without experiencing a sensation as if the house were falling on her. (there is no dizziness when she lies still) The Urine flows and stops and then flows again and stops & so on (intermitting flow). Constipation with a sore, bruised feeling in the abdomen. Painful pimples on the Mons. Natrum Mouriaticum is the remedy when the patient wakes with a tensive headache, She is Melancholy; has a strong aversion to bread. Pimples and itching about the anus; falling off of the hair; stinging and tearing pain in the teeth. Petroleum. Painful pressure in the rectum made worse by walking, sometimes it will turn to stitches while walking. Diarrhoea all day, none at night Sabina is indicated when there is pain in the sacrum running to the pubes. Slight sense of motion in the abdomen. She may have been menstruating all night but it suddenly ceases, and there takes place a foetid milky leucorhoea 21 Cuprum Acct. When there are intolerable abdominal cramps extending into the chest, with nausea, retching, and vomiting sometimes nothing but clear froth. Sometimes there will be convulsions like epilepsy. Nux Vomica- In females who are plethoric, hasty and passionate. There is constipation, no appetite; she can't sleep after 3 O'clock in the morning. Frequent desire for strive & urine strive large, hard & difficult: urine in small quantities scathing. Dulcamara- Takes cold easily, which seems to settle in the skin and cause blotches all over the skin. Takes cold in head easily- Warts more or less on hands; breast sometimes hard and engorged. Suppression of the menses from [illegible] cold. Silicia. Smarting, acrid, currvine leucorrhoea, with colic and cutting pain, usually accompanied with constipation. Momentary attacks of sudden blindness Acinite- Can't get up without vertigo coming on- may or may not be fever_ particularly adapted to plethonic young girls accustomed to sedentary habits. Baryta Carb. A dwarfish person_ where the development and growth have been retarded. Calcarea Carb. When there is vertigo on giving up stairs; swelling of the pit of stomach, like a saucer turned bottom 22 up; can't bear her clothes [tight] around her waist on account of the swelling; great fatigue in walking. Sometimes there is a vicarious menstruation. Chamomilla, is the remedy for quarrelsome patients One cheek will be red, the other pale May have been Menstruating all night when the Menses have stopped from suppressed perspiration Phosphorus (This is a great remedy in vicarious haemorrhages) Which may come from wounds, anus, uretha, lungs and gums) For suppressed Menses in young persons who have menstruated regularly and profusely. Stitches in the breasts; stitches darting up through pelvis Suitable for females who are tall and slender in form. Constipation like dogs stool, thin, dry and hard. Great vertigo on rising in the Mornings. Satadilla. This remedy is similar to sulpsep and Puls. Special indications are burning rumbling pain through the abdomen worse at night Valeriana. If the patient has drunk a great deal of Chamomile Tea. Alumina. Similar to Calcarea. Constipation, straining whether the stool is hard or soft. Arsenicum. When there is a great deal 23 of prostration, waxy, frail look; there is a strong desire for acids,, coffee, and brandy. Fainting turns. Intolerable thirst, cold clammy sweat, great pain through left chest Belladonna. Throbbing headache, great sense of heat in the head; can't bear a jar; Eye red. Legs become numb from sitting a little while_ Motions all quick- sometimes vomiting of blood and passing of blood from the rectum. Borax. Stitching pain in the right pectoral region. Fears a downard motion Crocus. Bloated-: bounding in the abdomen Lachesis If all sufferings are made more by sleeping and relieved by eating: Urine frothy; great aching in the legs. Or there may be a few drops of blood from the nose, with headache and vertigo, instead of the Menses Muriate Mas. Sleepless night- Hysterical- Terrible Constipation the stools are large & dry and crumble as soon as they come to the verge of the anus. Sarsapasilla. If she has terrible pain in the uretha up to the meatus just as she concludes passing water Stramconuin. When she has a red face 24 puffed up with blood, she is afraid of darkness and sorrow and is full of fantastical hallucinations and strange ideas. Ipecac is the remedy when there is a constant nausea. she may be of a blue color. Feeling about the navel as if clutched with the hand. Plumbum. Pain as if the abdomen were drawn to the back, distress of mind Phos. Acid. For females who have grown too rapidly, talking tires them in the chest. Also if they pass a large quantity of pale urine in the night. Ignatia is especially indicated when there is grief, often sighing- takes a deep breath every little while: Sense of emptiness in the pit of stomach: great sense of fatigue as through she had walked a long distance China, ringing in the ears, and usually great nervousness. Iodine. Patient Can't ascend without great exhaustion. The pains are relieved by eating Lach Mere. Sol. Oedematus swelling of the feet and hands and face: sickly loose; inclined to salivation 25 Nat. Carb. Physical and mental weakness: heaviness in the limbs, great aversion to movement; rather irritable; strong disposition to sadness. They are so averse to move that they won't help themselves. Aux Muschatu. Where there is a spasmodic tendency. Sleepy all the while, fainting spells Opium. When fright has caused the Menses to cease: red face with drowsiness & twitching. Opium has the red face but not the weakness of Ferrum. Staphysagria. if you find the patient very sensitive to mental impressions, she feels all you say. Veratrum Album. Pale, leaden-colored, face vomiting and diarrhea, cold hands and feet Bryonia. Nose bleed instead of the menses. Swelling of the joints. Chelidonium. Pain under the right shoulder blade at the inner lower angle, sometimes running through into the chest causing great difficulty of breathing. May cease after the effort to Menstruate passes off. Digatalis. When she cant put her hand above her head or reach over the table without causing a fluttering of the heart 26 Aurum. When there is a tendency to commit suicide Secale. For thin, lifeless, scrawny sort of females They awake in the night sobbing Rhus. Fox In rheumatic sort of females, with a repular Rhus rheumatism. Vivla Tricolor. If she have vivid, amorous dreams (one dose acts two months) Mezereum. Pain in left malar bone running towards the ear at every Menstrual period Dysmenorrhoea All the remedies mentioned under Amenorrhoea may be used in Dysmenorrhrea or Metorrhagia if they only present the Characteristic indications Coffea is the remedy when there is great nervous restlessness and excitability: pinching pain in the Illiac region. The sufferings are often attended with coldness and stiffness, the flow at the same time is profuse Chamomilla Fainting fits, thirst, coldness of the limbs; (Lower limbs particularly); pale face; violent colic with tender abdomen. Profuse flow of a deep dark color: hard, aching, pain in the pit of the stomach. Crocus. Dark and stringy blood. (The same characterises all the haermorrhages of this remedy) Cutting thrust from the genital organs to right Hypeschondriurm. 27 Caculus Indicus. The sufferings after cause syncope (like cham in that respect). The discharge is fitful and scanty. No regularity. Cold shivering in the Mammae. Menses too late, scanty, thin, and pale discharge. Graphites. Menses always late, discharge after scanty and thin. Pains in the back and morning sickness as though she were pregnant. Constipation before and diarrhoea after the Menses. Painless swelling of the face Phosphorus. Blue circle around the eyes, patient usually weak. Stitches up through the pelvis. Stitching pain through mammae. Bleeding of ulcers on other parts before Menses Constipation, like drop stool. The pains are as if cut with a knife, swelling of gums or or teeth or both, very strong, offensive heat, up the back. Pulsatilla. Menses, dark and coagulated, or pale and serous. The flow usually intermittent. Abdominal spasms with tossing about and a great deal of suffering. Slimy vomiting. Menses flow during the day & stop at night. Sepia. Burning and frequent stitches in the Vagina, Sometimes extending to the umbilicus swelling of the labia. Sulph. Athomatic suffering with heat in the Chest Belladonna. When the pains are pressive, forcing everything out the genitals. pains of Bell in Dysmenorrhoea always come and go quick 28 the discharge imparts a hot feeling to the parts as it goes away. Pains extending down the thighs and calves & at the same time up to the umbilicus. Bryonia. Patient is chilly, splitting headache, cough and nose bleed. (if she has not the headache she has dyspnoea- constriction in the Chest). Pains in the limbs dry parched lips and thirst. Don't want to move. Calc Carb. is useful in Leucophlegmatic constrictions, also if the Menses are too frequent & too profuse (one of the best remedies) Ignatia. Where there is much sighing and deep breathing, sense of fullness in the pit of the stomach Nux Vomica. When the pains cause her to have the bowels moved sometimes will be a desire to pass water (but little is passed.) Menses usually scanty. Platinum. In nervous persons, Menses black and clotted; too profuse and too long. Secale. In there thin scrawny persons. Causticum. When the blood has a bad smell. Sometimes Menses will not flow at night. China. Its indications are ringing in the ears: congestion to head and face, which feels hot to the patient: hot pain in the spleen Abdomen feels as if stuffed. (too full). 29 Mur Magnesia.- the indications are the same as in Amenorhoea. Also Iodine and Conium. Mercurrius. Scorbutic gums; ulcers in the mouth; prolapsus vagina. Carbo. Veg. Drawing pain from hypogastricum to the small of the back; sometimes a violent itching tetter preceedes the flow of the menses. Castoreum. Colicky pains from first Menstruation; tearing in the back and abdomen. China Sulphar. Griping and griping tearing pains from umbilicus to the Chest: there are a great many troubles in the os coccygeus Cicuta Virera. Tearing and jerking in the region of the os coccygeus Cimex Lectuaris. The female is remarkably retireing; wants to hide herself away; desire to keep the flex or muscle contracted Eugenia Iambos. Where there are pimples on the face, with pain extending far around the pimple and desire to feel them Euphraria. When the menses flow only about an hour: but she is very regular in her periods. Watery discharge from the eyes. Gratiola. Darting in the right mammae 30 particularly when stooping, worse on rising. Hyorcyamus. The sufferings are proceeded by some hilarity- generally feels like laughing Menses Come on with a severe headache, profuse, sweat, and nausea- Twitching & jerkings Hypericum perfoliatium. The Menses delay with tension in the region of the uterus as of a tight hand Indigo. When there is boring in the mammae. Iodine. Leucorrhoea always attending on following the Menses. Corroding even the liner Kali Bichrom. Suppression of Urine (the kidneys dont secrete) or she passes a small quantity of red urine. Kali Carb. Pains stitching and flying- She always feels badly before the Menses. Very costive and always feels badly for a few hours before the bowels are moved- The menses have a pungent smell, and are acrid, excoriating the thighs, & covering them with an eruption. Kali hydriodicum. Great urgency to urinate until the Menses appear when this sensation goes away. Sensation as if the upper part of the thigh were tightly squeezed: She can't take milk, it aggravates the symptoms. Kali Vit. When the discharge consists of fluid blood, as black as ink. 31 Kalmia Lat. Pain running down anterior part of the thighs. Creasote. Voluptuous itching deep in the vagina. Menses flow until she seems to be getting well when on they will come again and so continue. Lachesis. She may have ulcers and the base of them will turn dark; a cancers which bleed. Scarlet spot even the body at the time of the Menses (may be in any part of the body). Terrible aching in the bones; Chilly at night, heat in the day. Ledum. When there seems to be a want of vital heat during menses. Lobelia. Its indications are violent pains in the sacrum; troublesome feeling of weight in the Genital organs. Lycoporrum. Starting pains in the Labia. Magenesia Carb. The Menses flow only when pain is absent when the pain comes on the flow stops or flow only during sleep. Canine hunger previous to the Menses: terrible pains in the right shoulder: drawing pain in forehead to occiput, with heaviness in head. Magnesia Sulp. The menses stop for two days and then flow again. 32 Merc Cor. Burning from the oesophagus to pit of stomach. Moschus. When there is drawing and pressing towards the organs, as though the Menses would appear. Phos. Acid. If there is great pain in the Liver during the Menses. Sanguinaria is the remedy when a pain rises from the back of the neck into the head & forehead. Menses scanty. Stramonium. Excessive Coquacity during menses. they are watery; drawing pain in the abdomen, thighs, and limbs_ puffed face. Thya. Pain in the left Illiac region- She will be so sick that she has to go to bed; Menses usually scanty Verartrum. Diarrhoea with every appearance of the Menses. Great thirst for very cold water. cold & chilly with severe pain. Zinc. Heaviness in the limb with violent drawing in the knees as if they would be twisted off during the Menses. Tightness in the region of the stomach, and oppression, so that she must loosen her dress. Opthalmia, Carb Ammon. Colic, with griping, tearing, and pressure between scapulae. Mer Ammon. Discharge of a quantity of blood with every stool during Catamenia. 33 Anica. When the patient is suffering from the effects of a bruise, since receiving which, she has menstruated with difficulty Arsenicum. Lancinating pains from the rectum to the anus & perineum, also from stomach to hypogastrum, and from the back to the sides and abdomen. Mourning & weeping. Berberis Vulg. We will almost always find an organic disease of the kidneys, which is much aggravated by walking; has to pass water often. Labor like pains in the small of the back. Bromine. When the menses are preceeded by weakness, pain in the small of the back, and loss of appetite. Cantharis. Stranguary, wants to pass hater every minure, with burning and scalding pain. Menorrhagia Aconite. Is the remedy for plethoric young girls with indolent habits. Patient think she is going to die. Alumina. Haemorrhage very profuse from straining at stool, even when the stool is soft she is afraid to go to stool. Argent Nit. When the hemorrhage comes on two weeks before the menses. She is extremely 34 extremely active during Menses: can't keep still- must be doing something- time hangs heavy on her hands_ 15 minutes seem several hours_ if she sleeps a few minutes thinks it a long while. Arnica. If the hemorrhage is caused or aggrarated by falls shocks concussions or false steps-: the flow is bright red and clotted: extreme nausea: heat above with cold extremities. Arsenicum. In low states of the system, particularly if there be rheumatic pains, cancerous degeneration: apthous condition of the mucus membranes. Belladonna is the remedy when there is pressure as though the genitals would go through vulva, pains as if the back would break. The blood of the menses feels hot and has a bad smell. Hemorrhage comes on after lifting heavy weights. Bryonia. Splitting headache; can't sit up without nausea and faintness. (Bryonia often follows Crocus well) Calcarea Calc. For leuco-phlegmatic temperaments. If Menses have previously been too profuse and too frequent. Chamomilla. When the flow is in gushes, dark and coagulated; with this gushing, pain like labor pains- tearing pains in thighs and legs. Wants to pass water frequently; thirst and pale face and cold extremities. The patient is usually not over amiable. Cinnamon. Usually answers where Arnica fails. China. Sense of distension in the abdomen; desire to belch which affords no relief. Heaviness in the head, dullness of the senses, vertigo, ringing in the ears, fainting spells, even coldness and blueness. 35 Cocculus Ind. Hemorrhage during pregnancy, feels weak, can hardly speak, it flows by fits and starts. Crocus. Blood dark and stringy, and viscid, hemorrhage brought on after walking or dancing or stimulating drinks. Rolling and rumbling in the abdomen. Mental depression. Ferrum. When there is a red face, full hard pulse, yet they have terrible hemorrhage. Hyoscyamus. Patient delirious; convulsive movements, jerking and twitching; restless, skin hot, veins of hands full and blue. Lycopdium. [cross out] [cross out] If Calcarea don't cure when we expected it would. Lachesis. Hemorrhage at critical age: chilly at night and flashes of heat during the day. Mercurius. When there is large swelling of the Labia, or painful swelling of breasts. More an oedematous swelling. Nit. Acid. Hemorrhage from the least cause. Phosphorus. Hemorrhage frequently, suddenly and profuse: shivering- cold extremities- palpitation of heart, and lameness of lower extremities. Platinum. Very abundant, thick and dark discharge, generally lasting a long while; great tenderness about the vulva. Pulsatilla. is indicated in mild, weeping, temperaments: the flow is intermitting, dark and serous. Secale. In cachectic females, scrawny persons, with cold extremities pale or livid face. Sepia. Stitches up the vagina. Stramonium. Loquacious: if the flow continues till she is almost dead, yet she will talk. Patient smells of semen. 36 Sulphur. Chronic hemorrhage: stop and flows again. Ipecac. Flow constant and even and of bright, red blood- particularly if she has nausea or cutting pains about the umbillicus. Sabina. Pain running from sacrum to pubis, blood dark and mixed with coagula; gets worse on least motion or emotion. Laurc Cerasus. Tearing pain in the vertex every night cant get her breath- Suffocative breathing. Creasote. Discharge profuse for a while of dark blood, gradually ceasing until she passes only bloody ichor, which excoriates the parts and smells badly: this almost dies away, when the whole trouble comes on again. Veratrum. Pains in the limbs: thirst for very cold water. Nux Vomica. Patient complains of her back as if it were broken, wants to go to stool freqently- constipation- sense of tightness about hypochondrium- frequent desire to pass water. she passes but a small quantity at a time. Decidua The decidua is the mucus membrane of the uterus. As the ovule enters the uterus it becomes encysted; the part of the cyst nearest the fallopian tube is called the utero-epi-chorial membrane; the rest of the cyst the epi-chorial. The utero-epi-chorial becomes fixed to the uterus and as the ovule then can only grow in the direction of the free surface the membrane on that side grows 37 thinner and thinner. When the placenta comes away it takes with it all the old mucus membrane. The allantois vessicle springs from the lower part of what is afterward the bowels of the Child, runs up rapidly until it comes into contact with the Chorion. (the Umbillical vesicle being almost gone). The urachus is the neck of the allantois. The arteries of the embryo come off the Internal Illiac: the umbillical vein enters the right auricle of the heart. The umbillical vessicle is composed of the mucus membrane of the Blastoderm and contains the remains of Vitellus. The Ammios is formed by a folding back of serous membrane of the Blastoderm and meets at the back of the child: it secretes a fluid called amniotic fluid. At the time of [cross out] labor it amounts to about a pound and a half. Its composition is water 98.8 Hydrochlorate of Soda, Phosphate of lime- 1.2 The use of the fluid is to protect the child. The Chorion is formed at first of the Vitelline membrane, afterwards of the serous layer of the Blastoderm, allantois, and the remnant of the mucus membrane. Placenta. In the early stages of foetal life the umbilical vesicle answers the purpose of the placenta. The arteries of the allantois join the arteries of the villi of the Chorion but don't pass through it, these form the placenta, and by means of the villi of the Chorion & 38 the villi of the mucus membrane of the uterus, the foetus is supplied with blood. The placenta is between the Amnion and Chorion: it is three quarters of an inch thick in the centre, gradually growing thinner toward the circumference; and is usually located at the fundus although it may be at any part of the uterus; if at the internal os, it is called placenta previa. Umbilical Cord. This does not always come off from its usual place (the lower part of the alimentary canal). If the cord be very large at the lower part be careful in cutting it, lest it contain a fold of intestine. The length of the cord at term varies greatly; generally, it is from twenty two to twenty four inches; the exceptions range from nine inches to five or six feet. The Foetus Dimensions and weight of the foetus at different periods of intra-uterine life. The third week is the earliest time at which we can see any appearance of the embryo, it is then vermiform in shape and weighs one or two grains length two to four lines. At the fifth week we can see the head and the rudimentary eyes are indicated by two black spots- little nipples for the arms and the allantois is just springing up (the allantois reaches the Chorion from 5th to 6th week) it is about two thirds of an inch long and weighs about fifteen grains. The thorax is not yet closed in, and with a powerful lens the first sign of a heart may be seen. 7th week. has no anus yet_ the urinary bladder 39 bladder is manifested under the form of a tumor on the urachus. At this time ossification first commences on the clavicle and lower jaw. At two months. the thorax and abdomen well closed, still some of the intestines remain in the cord; the cord is not yet twisted; the tubercles of the upper extremities more distinct; genital organs may now be seen; the eyes are prominent, without lids; the mouth is gaping; its length is from one and a half to two inches. forearm & hand now appear. At ten weeks the embryo is from two to three inches long. The eye lids are more visible: the mouth more like a mouth: arms better formed, the fingers are separate and distinct: the cord is twisted a little. The toes are joined by a web. At the end of the third month. the eye balls may be seen through the lids: the sex can be distinguished; it begins to have a neck: and the cord is decidedly twisted. Its length is from four to five or six inches. At the fourth month, the eye lids close up, the organs are better formed, and there are silvery hairs over the head. Its length is from six to eight inches; its weight seven or eight ounces. After the 4th month is called foetus. At five month, the foetus is from eight to ten inches long and is covered with a sebaceous matter in patches. Weight 8 to 11 oz. At six months. there is hair on the eyebrows & eyelids, and the finger nails become quite solid. At seven months the cranial bones become quite convex. The left testicle appear. At Eight months, the child is covered all over with down. Lower & upper jaw same length. Both testicles appear. At full term its length is from nineteen to 40 twenty three inches and it weighs from eight to nine pounds. Head of foetus at term The foetal head is ovoid in shape, the larger part being posterior. The bones of the cranium in the foetus are united by cartilage. The angles made by the crossing of sutures are called fontanells these are two in number, anterior & posterior fontanelle. To distinguish between the fontanelles, the anterior has four angles; the posterior only three. Diameters of the head Longitudinal (anter-posterior) {Occipito mental- 5 1/4 inch {Occipito-frontal- 4 1/4" {Sub-occipito-bregmatic- 3 3/4" Transverse- {Bi-parietal- 3 1/2" {Bi-temporal- 3" Vertical- {Trachelo-bregmatic- 3 3/4" {Fronto-mental- 3" The diameters of the head are larger in boys than in girls and consequently there are more difficulties in the births of boys. In parturition the longest diameter of the head must correspond to axis of pelvis. The Antero-posterior or occipito mental is the longest diameter of the head, therefore we usually find the head flexed up on the child's chest as in vertex presentations; or else upon the back as in facial presentations, the chin then leading the way. If then the child's body should be born and the head remain in the pelvis, we should introduce the finger in the child's mouth and flex the head strongly on the breast so as to draw the 41 occipito mental diameter in the direction of the axis of the pelvis. Functions of the foetus 1st Nutrition. The child does not receive its nourishment form the liquor Amnii. In the early stages it is nourished by the umbilical vessicles after it has consumed all that it receives to nourishment from the mother. The blood is received from the placenta by endosmosis. 2nd The child breathes in the same manner as fishes do. 3rd The secretions of the foetus are similar to these of adult life. The foeces of the foetus called the meconium. 4th The Circulation differs from adults in not circulating through the lungs. The blood passes through the liver, in which it undergoes a change, enters the ascending vena cava by means of the ductus venosus, and mixing with the blood returned from the trunk and lower extremities, enters the right auricle and then passes into the left [ventricle] auricle through the foramen ovalle then into left ventricle most of this blood is sent into head & upper extremities, it is returned through the descending cava into the right auricle, crosses the current of blood from the ascending Cava and enters the right ventiricle, the contraction of which sends it into the pulmonary artery & by means of the ductus arteriosus into the Aorta descendens, thus passing to the trunk & lower extremities. A portion of it is then returned to the placenta by means of the umbilical arteries, while the rest passes along the vena cava ascendens and mixing with the blood 42 from the placenta, again enters the circulation. Cyanasis is the result of the non-closure of the foramen ovale_ Lauro Cerasus is the best remedy. In any heart disease when there is a gasping breathing Lauro cerasus the remedy. Abnormal pregnancy Pregnancy is called compound when there is more than one foetus. Cause of Compound pregnancy. Sometimes an ovule is developed from each ovary or the vesicle may contain two or more ovules. A twin pregnancy may be diagnosed by auscultation. Ballottement is difficult in twin pregnancy. One foetus may die in compound pregnancy, and the other be born alive at full term, One may be born two or three weeks after the other, although they usually follow each other immediately Extra-Uterine pregnancies belong to the class of abnormal pregnancies. The foetus may be developed in the ovary or in any part of the fallopian tubes &c. The autopsy in such cases often reveals that the fallopian tubes are impervious. (how did impregnation take place!). In Interstitial pregnancy the development of the foetus takes place in the walls of the uterus; the uterus grows as if it contained the foetus, but not to the same extent. There is no much trouble until 2 or 3 months when the cysts break hemorrhage takes place and the woman soon collapses and dies. She may recover and carry the dead foetus in her belly- or it may cause 43 ulceration and be discharged through a fistulous opening, piecemeal Treatment. Can not do anything except to relieve the subjective symptoms. If she takes on collapse may require china_ Arsenicum &c If the labor comes on and we find the head pressing against the walls of the vagina, cut through it and deliver the child. The next best mane is by Caserean Section. Pathology of Gestation Digestion Anorexia. Remedies. China, Cyclamon Eurp Nux V., Rhus., Sepia, Silica, Nat. Mur.. China. A bitter taste in the back part of the throat, on account of which she can't eat anything; all nourishment tastes flat, like wood, straw, or clay; bitter taste of everything; they are hungry but can't tell what they want. Cyc. Europe. She sits down to eat with an appetite enough for a good meal, but after taking a few mouthfuls, she has a perfect disgust for food; particular disgust for bread and butter; sick in the palate; thirst intermittent, great dimness of vision with spark's before the eyes. Nux Vom, When there is a disagreeable taste and smell; putrid taste low down in the pharynx, which destroys the appetite, especially when she hawks mucus. Food and drink have a fetid smell; she can't bear the least odor of tobacco. Rhus Tox. Coppery taste all the time; Canine hunger but no relish for food; putrid taste after the 44 first mouthful; as the food is descending to the stomach it hurts between the shoulders; restless nights, has to change position often. Sepia. Can't bear the idea of eating though she may have a good appetite; no appetite and constant thirst: taste of manure; strong aversion to meat. Sense of repletion, with nausea and debility. Silicca. Constant taste of blood particularly worse in the morning: eats food well enough but can't swallow a particle of it. Nat Mur. Great aversion to food, yet they relish it well enough; putrid taste and smell; great hunger can eat but little Disgust and nausea. Strong aversion to certain things To sour things: Bell., Ferrum, Sab., & Sulph., Great aversion to beer: Nux V., " " " brandy: Ignatia " " " bread: Nat Mur May also indicate Conium, Lycop., Nux., Puls., and Sep. Aversion to rye bread particularly: Lycop Aversion to broth: Arnica (Arz, or Graph.) " " Cheese: Oleander. " " Coffee: Nux V. (Bry., Calc., Cham., Coffee, Phos..) When she can take coffee with a plenty of sugar and cream: Rheum. Aversion to butter and fat food: Petrol., Angos., Bry.,Carb, Veg., Puls. Aversion to fish: Zinc. (Graph.) " " Garlic: Sabadilla. " " Meat: Mur Acid. (Petrol., Sil., Sulp.) " " Dishes made of meat and flour: Bhox, Sometimes Arsenicum. 45 Aversion to milk or anything made of milk: Bry., Puls., Sep., Sil., Cal. C., Guai. Aversion to Salt: Selen (Carb. Veg.) " " Solid food, but can take soft food: staphis. Can't eat anythign sweet: Caus., or Sulph. (Ars., merc., Phos) Aversion to vegetables: Hell. (Magn.) Can't bear water to drink or hear water poured out or running. (Hydropholine): Bell., Nux V., Stram., Bry., Nat. Mur. to wine: Merc., or Sabad., Ipnat., or Rhus. Pica or Malacia Strong craving for acids: Verat. (arn., Ars., Bry., Cham., Hepar., Phos., Squills., Stram., or sulph.) Longing for beer: Bry., Merc., Nat. Mur., Petrol., Sabad., Stront. Longing for bitter things: Nat. Mur. " " bread: Ars. (Plumb Stranc.) " wheat bread particularly: Aurum " " " & Butter: Ferrum_Magn C. Craving for brandy: Op., Ars., Hepar., Nux., Selen., Sep., or Sulph. Craving for Coal: Cicuta Virosa. " " Cheese: Ignatia. " " Coffee: Angust. (Aur., China. Bry. Selen.) " " Cucumbers: Ant, Crut. (Verat.) " " Fruit: Berat., (Ign, Sulph Ac., Alum., or Tart Emet.) Craving for fat food Nux V. Nit Ac., (When recovering from diarrhoea should patient strongly 46 Crave salt herring ht Acid the remedy.) Longing for juicy things: Phos acid. " " " raw potatoes and flour: Calc. C. " " lime and chalk: Nit Ac. NuxV. " " Soups: staph., sulph. " " meat: Magn., Menganthes. (Sulph.) " " dishes made of meal or flour: sabad. " " milk; Aurum. (Chel., Merc., Sabad., Sil.) " " refreshing things: Phos., Phos., ac., Puls., Valer. " " salt: verat., Caust. (Calec., Con., " " smoked meat: Causticum. " " sour Krout: Carbo Animalis. " " sweet things: Arn., china., Kali Carb. " " vegetables: mag, carb., alumina. " " for warm food or drink Ferrum Lycop., (Cyclamen Europ., angustura.) Craving for wine: (Cicut.,) 2 (Hep. Sulph., Sep., Sulph.,) 3(Brys., Lach., and spig.) Acidity of the Stomach- Pyrosis- Heart burn, Podophyllum. When there is great sleeplessness with the acidity_ Frequent natural stools_ Strangury_ Belching of hot flatulence_ All he eats turns sour. Calcarea Car: Is indicated in all cases of a calcareous diathesis. Belchings taste of the ingesta. The patients can't take milk. Conium Unsuccessful desire to erructate good deal of vertigo_ giddy on turning over in bed. Crocus- Rumbling and fermentating in the pit of the stomach_ Drawing sensation in the pit of of the stomach hither and thither Nux. V. If she craves chalk or lime constipation 47 constipation_ great sense of weight in the stomach_ cramps in the abdomen Cramps which make her uneasy also indicate Ipecac especially if there is nausea And Bell if they come and go quick. Carb. Mag. Constipation sleepless nights_ distress after eating Nausea & Vomiting Arsenicum When there is vomiting after eating or drinking even ever so little_ particularly if there is fainting, weakness, and great emaciation. Ipecac. Constant nausea and sometimes almost constant vomiting. Much pain in the pit of the stomach when vomiting. Natrum Muriat. Clawing in the pit of the stomach Water- brash of limpid mucus, tasteless, and almost constant Nex V. When the nausea comes on early in the morning. If she don't succeed in vomiting. She feels as if she would be much better if she could vomit. She feels sick as soon as she gets on her feet, which passes away particularly after breakfast. Pulsatilla. For mild patients. Vomiting of mucus- [??re] especially towards evening- Pulsation in the pit of the stomach. Bad moist smooth taste in the morning after waking. Belladonna. When there is a good deal of redness and heat of the face. Eyes red and blood shot motions quick. Sepia. Vomit of milky mucus the patient is sad, or if she has [cross out] any uterine derangement for which sepia is indicated_ Sense of weight in the Anus 48 Aconite. Great thirst and disinclination to food Thinks she will die soon-is made worse by chagrin She is afraid to go into the street for fear of the noise and tumult-is of a sanquine plethonic temperament. Bryonia. Vomiting of food particularly, or after eating a meal, she must lie down and keep quiet for an hour or so, or she will be sure to vomit her food. Cuprum. Violent retching and vomiting of frothy mucus. Chamomilla When her nausea makes her feel as if she would faint. Her sufferings are made worse by eructations. Conium. Schirrosity either of the mammae or uterus. If she has had soreness and swelling of the breasts before the menstrual period, or if she have stinging pain in the neck of the uterus. Ferrsum. Vomiting comes on in the middle of the night: morning vomiting of water and mucus, or if this takes place after every meal,- or sour acrid vomiting. Silicea. When there is nausea accompanied with violent palpitation of the heart. Nausea increased by lying down. Sulphur. If there should be profuse salivation which tastes badly and makes her sick. Flashes of heat- heat on top of the head. Veratrum. Nausea with red, sweaty face, or nausea with cold sweat on the forehead least motion excites vomiting. 49 Constipation Phosphorus is the remedy for tall and slim persons. She will have a regular dog stool. Nux Vomica. When the stools are extremely large and difficult & hang together in one mass. Bryonia. Stool difficult and looks as if burnt the expulsion of the stool causes a prolapsus of the rectum. Opium. When the stool is dark and in round balls. Graphites. Stool small like a pipe stem Muriate of Mag. The stool is large dry and crumbly Alumina. When there is a sensation as if there was no action in the rectum, causing hard straining to evacuate the bowels: even if the stool is soft. Platinum. Stools scanty and difficult like soft clay. Diarrhœa Ant. Crud. The stools are watery and mixed with hard lumps of feces: sensation after stool as if something remained Dulcamara. Cutting pain about the navel with every stool. Phosphorus. Liquid stool, which pours away like water from a hydrant. Petroleum. Diarrhoea only during the day, with hunger after stool. Sepia. The stool is burning and scalding. Sulphur. When the patient must go to stool quick as soon as she gets up in the morning. Podophyllum. Morning diarrhoea with flatulence: Many natural evacuations Carbo. Animalis. Green stool and pain in the anus 50 before passing stool Lesions of the Circulation. These embrace all the alterations of the blood The principal remedies are Acon., Bell., Calc., Coc. Ind., Ferrum, Lycop., Nit. Ac., Plat., & Puls., in the first place. then Ars., China, Dig., Hell., Kali, Carb., Spig., Phos., and Sepia. The special symptoms are Belladonna. When they are not refreshed from sleep or only half sleep. Calcarea. If the patient is plump or pale and weak feels cold in a warm day her feet feel as if her stockings were wet feels giddy on going up stairs If she has been menstruating too often and to profuse before marriage Coc. Indicus. Should there be pain in the back and headace- She feels as if the menses were coming on, is chilly through the mammae Ferrum. The patient is weak has a red face Loycopodium. If there is weakness debility Constant quick sharp pains across the abdomen: pain before passing water. Pulsatilla. is the remedy for tearful patients, with blueness under the eyes. lays awake in bed. Bad taste in the morning on waking. Arsenicum. patient is very weak-great prostration on making the least effort. distressing dreams, wants to be drinking all the time, very little satisfies her. China. Fullness of the abdomen after eating but little food- bad sleep from activity of mind Digitalis. When the patient cant raise her 51 hand above her head without suffering palpitation of the heart. Helleborus. Urine deposits coffee ground sediment. Kali Carb. Stitching pain in the liver, abdomen, chest Phosphorus. If patient are tall, slim, and weak: puffed up with dropsical infusions_ sandy urine, dyspnoea Spigelia. When there is darting pain in the heart. Sepia. Bad smelling urine [cross out] Hamorrhoids Graphites. Stools like pipe stems; painful Kali Carb. Distress before the evacuation; stool very large and difficult and seems to tear the anus open in passing, large flow of blood with stools Muriat. Ac. When there is extreme sensitiveness of the anus, can't bear anything to touch it, not even the chemise. Pulsatilla is indicated more by the general temperament which is mild and tearful.: difficulty in passing water. Carbo Veg. is the remedy when the haemorrhoidal veins are large, hard and blue, with shooting pains may also have some trouble in passing water. Causticum The patient can't walk on account of the pain; a little walking aggravates much. Ignatia. A soft stool causes a good deal of pain. Nitric Ac. Sensation of constriction in the anus, it feels as if cut when she has a stool. Nux V. If she has large difficult stools. Sulphur. When the general symptoms indicate it. There is also tenderness about the anus and more or less bleeding. 52 Phos., Calc., Terrum, and Mur. Mag. are also useful. Varices Lycopodium is more frequently indicated than any other remedy_ The veins are large and puffy- rumbling in the abodmen. Constipation. Pulsatilla. is usually indicated by the general symptoms of Pulsatilla. Arnica. When there is a great deal of soreness in the varicose veins Silicca When pulsatilla has not accomplished what was expected. Hamamelis is also recommended as a remedy for Varices. Lesions of Respiration Dyspnoea Nux V. When it occurs in the latter days of pregnancy. Aconite. If there is congestion to the chest. Arsenicum. Wheezing respiration, can hardly lie down without bringing on the suffocating attacks; Oedema of the lower extremities: weakness Bryonia. is indicated by stitches about the chest dry parched lips. Cough. If a cough occurs it should be subdued or it may occasion a premature labor. Aconite. For a dry cough, with more or less thirst. Nux Vomica. is the remedy should the 53 cough be excited by the least physical effort. Belladonna. Spells of coughing worse at night, Ipecac. Cough followed by vomiting. Conium. If there is a constant tickling in the throat. Sepia. Loose cough in the morning. Pulsatilla. For loose cough generally. Lesions of secretion and excretion Ptyalism The best remedy is Mercurius after it 1st Bell., Phos., Nux V., Puls., Rhus. 2nd Ant. Crud., Bry., Calc., Canch., Caus., Cham., China, Colch., Dulc., Iod., Ign., Ipecac., Kali C., Mur Mag., Nat Mur., Sub., Sarsap. The special indicatum are: Bell. The secretion is worse in the afternoon she has a flushed check every afternoon. Phos. When there is constipation with the salivation Nux. V. If she is irritable and has sleeplessness with gastric derangement. Puls. Inclined to cry at everything: the saliva has a bad taste. Rhus Fox. The salivation is worse at night. Ant. Crud. If there is a good deal of sick stomach Bry. When there is an inclination to vomit her food. Calc C. Feels the cold air easily. She complains that she can't button her dress easily. Canth. If she is troubled with her urine. Cham. If there is distress after eating. China. Sense of fullness in the abdomen and stomach after eating but little. 54 Dulc., Worse in damp weather Iodine. When there is no salivation for an hour or two after eating Ipecac. When a constant nausea exists. Kali C. If there is much stitching pain. Mur. Mag. Constipation consisting of large stool which crumbles to pieces. Urine. The urine is rarely increased during pregnancy. Sometimes the female with be troubled with a vesical tenesmus; sometimes there will a dribbling of the urine &c. Cantharis is the best remedy in urinary difficulties. Its characteristic indications are shooting burning pains, the urine passes away in drops, or not at all. Nuro V. Puls., Stram., Lycup., Heyes, Phos., Sulph., Vig., Sarsap., Conium. Clemat., Dulc., Thyia Pulsatilla. If she passes wates of a natural color often. Lycop. She complains of a pain in the back until she has passed water. Digitalis. When the urine contains a large quantity of red sediment. Sarsaparilla. Terrible pains through the meatus urinarius every time she urinates, wants to pass water often. Conium When the stream intermits. Albuminuria This complaint often comes on in the fourth month of pregnancy. Phos., Allium Cepus. Apis Mel., and Squills 55 are the best remedies for this complaint. Leucorrhoea Leucorrhoea usually commences after the third or fourth month and leads to abortion if allowed to proceed. It consists in an excitation of the mucus glands. Alumina, Mur Amr., Borrista, Cal C., Fer., Creas., Nat Mur., Nit., Nit AC., Nux V., Sab., Tinc., Sepia, and Sulphur are most often used. Dropy of the Cellular tissue. Arsenicum is indicated more frequently than any other remedy. Phosphorus When there is gravel like sand stone in the urine. Cough and dyspnoea. When the chest symptoms stand out prominently always rely on phosphous. Antimonium Crudum Sick stomach and a good deal of vomiting. Bryonia. Lips dry and parched: vomiting after eating; feels better when quiet. China is the remedy if there is a desire for water on account of dryness in the throat: fullness from the abdomen to the throat. Colchicum. The sufferings are worse at night Digitalis. Foeces are white clay colored-; palpitation of the heart may be present. Helleborers. When the urine is thick with a coffee- ground sediment. Pulsatilla resembles China in regard to thirst but differs from it by having a bad taste. Rhus Fox Worse at night: puffiness of the eyelids above and below. Sulphuo If there are flashes of heat: heat of top of [head] 56 Mercurius. Slimy stools, puffiness of the eyelids; tenderness of the pit of the stomach. Ipecac. When there is a constant nausea. Lachesis The distress of the patient is greater on waking. Apis Mel. Dropsical swelling white with no thirst. Ascites or effusion of water into the peritoneal cavity Loedum. If the patient complains of being always cold. Also Sulp., Merc V., Calc C., Ipecac., Kali. C., Lach., Apis., Allium Opu, Kali C. If there is stitching pain through the abdomen all the time. Dropsy of the Amnion Squills is the most important remedy. Lesions of Locomotion. Arnica for sore, bruised feeling. Rhus Fox. Sense of stiffness when commencing to walk. Arnica and aconite for inflamation of the pelvic articulation. After old school treatment silicia When the patient falls down easily; Cacl C., Silica, Coc. Md., Conium, and Nux., Lesions of innervation. The senses and affections are sometimes very much impaired during pregnancy, and also the mind. 57 Aurrm. When they desire to commit suicide Belladonna. She says she wants to die. Hyoscyamus. She must be uncovered, goes about naked. Sulphur. Has no appetite: would take nothing except what was given to her in a spoon. Lachesis. Great distress after sleeping. Lycojsodrum. Extremely peevish. Opium. is the remedy for fearful patients. Phos Acid. They pass a great quantity of pale urine at night. Stramonium. red puffed face: also when they can't bear to be alone, or in darkness. Veratrum. Distress in the stomach & abdomen. Ignatia. When the patient is all time sighing deeply. Pulsatilla. When their distress takes a happy turn. Anacardium. When they can't remember anything. Vertigo. Remedies: Bell., Calc C., Nux V., Phux., Conium., and Rhus., &c. Syncope Remedies: Acon., Cham., China., Dig., Nux V., Sepia., Ign., Sulphur., Mosch., Arnica. Sulph is the most often used. Ignatia and Chamomilla next- next Morchus. Arnica is to be used if it comes from fatigue. Pruritus of the Vulva. Sepia is used more than any other remedy sulphur next- then Croton Fig. and lastly Lycup., thuja., Merc., Poophysllum. Creasote. 58 Sometimes the muciparous glands are affected -Borax the remedy. If there is itching of the skin with no eruption give Dolichos. (Dolichos is the remedy in all cases where there is a terrible itching without a sign of rash) Abdominal pains and (Lumbar) Arnica. When a sense of soreness prevails. Pulsatilla. The pains come on while sitting and goes off while walking about. Bryonia. The pains are aggravated by motion. stitching pains. Nux Vom pain in the back worse on lying down or in turning over. Chamomilla Where there is a general Chamomilla state. Uterine pains Belladonna. The pains come very quick, are violent and disappear as as quick as they come. Chamomilla. When the pain is more of a spasmodic kind and they seem to force the Uterus up in the abdomen Kali Carb. Sharp pains in the uterus which go off down the back. Pulsatilla. When the pains are changing. Sabina. The pains run through from the sacrum to the pubis Sepia. Great deal of bearing down pains as though she was going to be confined. Nux V. Great deal of Constipation. 59 Arnica. If the pains are excited by the motions of the child which motions also hurt severely. Coffea will sometimes quiet the excessive motions of the child. Displacement of the Uterus from pregnancy Sometimes the uterus will descend to the vulva and remain there during pregnancy. Should reduce[d] if possible and keep the patient in bed. Give [?iv]. V. and Rhus. If a great urging to urinate (tenesmus) occurs suddenly we may suspect that retroversion has taken place. Let the patient lay upon her face and elevate her hip a little. These displacements occur more frequently than any other. Anteversion. Give the remedy indicated by the totality of symptoms. The patient may be relieved by a bandage. Abortion. Abortion is the expulsion of the foetus before the end of the sixth month. If it happens after the end of the sixth month and before the proper time it is caused "premature labor." The causes of abortion. [is] Anything that affects the general health of the Mother may eventuate in abortion. Abortion is divided into three kinds: Spontaneous. Accidental. and Provoked. 60 Treatment of Abortion. Champhor has been known to prevent many cases of abortion when it prevails as an epidemic. Arnica will save the patient if it threatens to occur after a fall or blow. Rhys Fox. If from a strain or wrench or from lifting. When the flow is great after a strain and Rhus dont answer use Cinnamon. Aconite. If she has been exposed to a cold dry air and been chilled through. or if she has been frightened. Also when occuring in females of a plethoric, full, habit and who are accustomed to a sedentary life. Coffea is useful when great excitement as joy- has brought on the trouble. (This remedy is indicated in convulsions of children which take place after laughing &c.) Opium is the remedy if she has had an opium constipation. (Stool dark and is round ball.) for a long time. Or if she has had a fright which has left her in a constant state of fear. Ignatia. When grief has been the cause- or if she be continually sighing. She may have spasms. Calc C. If the history of the case reveals that she has been menstruating too often & too profusely. Ipecac. If she is flowing and the flow is constant and of red blood: Nausea all the time: griping pain about the navel: the pains from the uterus to the navel. Sabina. Profuse flow of fluid and clots together: pains running from the sacrum to the pubis. Also if the history reveals that she habitually aborts & at the 3rd month 61 Pulsatilla When the hemorrhage intermits- flows with clots and serum together. Belladonna. When the pain has an effect on the back and sacrum as if the back would break, sensation as if all would face out of external genital organs. The pains come and go quick. The flow of blood is hot: Red eyes and face, involuntary moaning: her motions are all quick. Chamomilla A pain as though the back was opening or as if one bone was separating from the other; she wants to pass water often, or the bowels to move. The urine is profuse and pale: the pains run from the loins or back into the hypogastrium. Hyoseyamus. Where there is a good deal of flow with convulsive movements or rigidity and stiffness in her limbs; loss of consciousness. Secale. Cor. In cachetic scrawny looking females; violent pain; continuous flow of liquid dark blood Nux Vom. When with every pain there is a strong inclination to have the bowels moved_ If she has always been constipated and the menses have been too profuse and long lasting_ can't sleep in the morning after 2. 3. or 4 O'Clock. Crocus. When the abortion is threatened from a long walk or from dancing all night- the blood comes away in strings. The flow of blood is much increased by the least movement. Fermentation in the stomach. Ferrum If they have a very red and hot face. Sepia. When there is a great deal of itching in the vulva- Leucorhoea, smarting, acrid, and itching. Shooting pains in the vagina, or yellow spots on the face or yellow saddle across the bridge of the nose. Veratrum. When there is diarrhoea and after every stool great prostration with the signs of abortion. 62 Silicia When the patient is subject to an acrid corroding leucorrhoea. Coc. Ind. its indications are bilious vomiting; crampy spasmodic pain in the region of the uterus; she feels as if she was going to menstruate; she feels extremely weak. Bryonia If she much splitting headache. Platinum. Pains running from the back into the groins. The patient is very excitable and the vulva is exceedingly sensitive. Carbo Vzg. is indicated by a pale flow; hemorrhoids or varices about the anus or vulva. If she has always had a pale catamenia Lycopodium. When there are frequent fainting turns, an uncomfortable sense of dryness in the vagina. Lored borborygmus, and gurgling in the less hypchondrium. Sulphur. The patient despairs of getting well, or of eternal salvation, and wants to send for a minister_ Tender hemorrhoids_ Papulous eruption about the face. Apis Mel. Stinging pain in one of the ovaries, or if she have a stinging eruption on the body. Dulcamara. If we find that the patient has taken cold in chilly damp weather. She has terrible pains in her back and the threatened abortion comes on in the night. China is the remedy if she has been flowing for sometime_ also indicated if she have cold extremities; blueness of the skin; contortions of the mouth and face; single violent jerks in different parts; painful bearing down particularly in the anus; ringing in the ears; fainting spells; gasping for breath. If we can't succeed in saving the life of the 63 child don't be in a hurry to remove the attachments There is not much trouble in the first two or three month- more afterwards. Sabrina, Secale, Pulsatilla, crocus, and Belladonna will assist in bringing away the placenta where it is retained. When the after birth remains a good while after an abortion; make an examination and you will often find it hanging in the long neck of the uterus, from whence it may be removed by the fingers or placenta forceps. A woman with twins may abort one and the other remain and develop this does not often occur. Don't make any more manipulation in cases of abortion, than you can get along with. Diseases which may exist during pregnancy and their influence upon the product of conception. Epidemic diseases. Some epidemics have appeared to spare pregnant females, while many others have attacked them as severely as other persons. Sporadic diseases. Typhoid fever- if she contracts typhoid fever, she has it in a milder form than if she was not pregnant. Eruptive fevers especially small pox [are] this complaint is very fatal to pregnant women- they are almost sure to abort and nearly all die. The females chances are not so bad in Scarlatina and rubeola as in variola. In pneumonia if the female aborts she is very likely to recover. In jaundice they usually abort and die soon afterwards. If a pregnant 64 woman is attacked with intermittent fever they generaly abort and get well. Syphilis is very destructive to the product of conception- it settles upon the foetus and causes abortion. The foetus may remain in utero until the end of gestation and then be born dead, or it may be born healthy looking- the syphilis appearing soon after. Chlorosis caused by disappointed love is cured by pregnancy. Old scrofulous ulcers &c often get well during pregnancy. Surgical diseases. Fractured bones are much longer healing during pregnancy Calc-phos., Symph., and Ruta will often enable the fracture to heal during the period of gestation Serious surgical operations should [never] not be performed on a pregnant female. Tumors in the abdomen and pelvis are very likely to produce abortion. Labor. Labor is that function, which consists in the natural, or artificial, expulsion of the foetus through the organs of generation. Premature labor. The presentation of child is more unnatural than at term- flooding, also, is more apt to recur; the labor is more painful and tedious. Retarded labor. The ordinary period of a full term is two-hundred and seventy days; if gestation should go beyond this time it is called a retarded 65 Natural labor at term. There are two orders of facts to be observed in labor; the first in reference to the mother_ where the vital action is brought to play for the expulsion of the child and is called "physiological"-; the second in regard to the child and called "mechanical". The causes of labor are of two kinds: viz:_ efficient and determining. The "efficient" causes are due to the mother, and are centered in the uterus. The "determining" cause may be anything that excites the contractions of the uterus. At full term the determining cause is functional. The physiological phenomena of labour are divided into three stages The first stage includes all the time from the commencement of labor until the os dilates. The second stage occupies the time from the sufficient dilatation of the os until the child is born. The delivery of the after birth constitutes the third stage. The precursory symptoms of labor are, the sinking down of the foetus during the last two weeks of pregnancy and more secretion of mucus in the vagina. The woman breathes freer, on account of the relief to the diaphragm by the descent of the foetus. 1st Stage. The first symptom is the appearance of mucus in the vagina_ there are inexpressible feelings which seem to arrest the breathing and give it a kind of tremor. 2nd Stage. The kind of Breathing mentioned in the first stage gives place to another- She will fix her breath at each pain- you will not find the os dilated 66 dilated_ the membranes soon burst and the head escapes from the uterus, and, the pains continuing, the child will soon be born. Labor pains are the consequences of an abnormal condition of the nervous system; in the first stage they are called "preparatory"; in the second "Expulsory." The pains of labor intermit during the pains the pulse accelerates If the pulse keeps up after delivery says 120- you have a reason to be watchful as a hemorrhage may occur. If the pulse decreases, all right. The dilatation of the os is owing to the pressure of the foetus upon it, which pressure is caused by the organic contractiosn of the uterus_ you will sometimes find one lip dilated and the other thick and bluberly. The "glairy discharge" is owing to an increased activity of the muciparous glands- when these glands are active in secreting the labor is called "moist." When there is a want of secretion it is called a "dry" labor_ Aconite will often answer to promote the secretion Bag of Waters. The amniotic fluid with some of the membranes of the foetus when pressed out of the os constitutes the bag of waters_ it is flat, oval, and large if the head presents_ when the extremities present it will be spindle shaped Length of labor. Primipara are more tedious in labor than multipara_ We had better judge of the length of the labor of the first stage. Effects of labor upon the Mother. The first stage 67 makes them unusually peevish and despondent. In the second stage there is no more despondency. She generally goes to work manfully (?). Sometimes they will even bite and kick,- {The pains will be sometimes followed by Syncope {Nux. V. is the remedy {If no other remedy is particularly indicated after {the birth of the child, always give Arnica. Mechanism of labor The child may present in any-way: all presentations, however, may be generally resolved into five, and the birth may be effected by placing the child in any one of these positions. These presentations are- first the "vertex"- second the "facial"- third the "breech"- fourth and fifth the "right and left lateral" presentations. Each of these presentations may have any one of Six positions. Divide the pelvis into two parts- right and left half- now a presentation may take place in either half and at the Anterior-, middle (called Transvers) or posterior part of that half. Thus if the Vertex presents in the left lateral half and at the left illeopectineal eminence we have the "left occipito-illiac anterior" presentation, or the vertex may be situated in the middle part of the left half and then the position is called "left occipito-illiac transverse," or if at the posterior part it take the name of "left-occipito-illiac posterior." Should the presentation take place in the right half we have then the positions as before. Right occipito-illiac anterior, transverse and posterior. 68 2 In the facial presentations we have corresponding positions {Left mento-illiac anterior} {" " " transverse} {" " " posterior} and the like positions on the right side. 3 The breech presentations take on corresponding positions, and the sacrum of the child becomes the point of departure there we may have {Left sacro-illiac anterior.} {" " "transverse.} ; and so with {" " "posterior.} the right 4 Should the presentation be a lateral one either left or right, the head will be towards the corresponding side-, thus if the presentation be in the left lateral half the head will be towards that side &c and the presentation take on the positions as before {Left cephalo illiac anterior.} {" " " transverse.} {" " " posterior.} the same positions for the right side_ Of these presentations the vertex is by far the most frequent. In 20.517 cases of labor, 19.810 were vertex presentations; and in vertex presentations the "left occipito-illiac anterior" is the most frequent position. Dr Guernsey considers any other position than this an abnormal one, being due to an unhealthy condition; and that his experience has proved to him, that careful homoeopathic treatment has never failed to cause this natural position. 69 Diagnosis of presentations and positions. Vertex. Per Vaginum first we will find the membranes they are broad and flat in vertex presentations (long and pointed if extremities present). Also find the sagittal suture running from the illeo-pectineal eminence back wards. (You can't dent the head like you could the breech.) Forwards you will find the posterior fontanelle: it has three angles; interiorly the anterior fontanelle with its four angles. If the vertex is in the right lateral half, you will find corresponding signs. The mechanism of vertex presentations is divided into five stages-Viz: 1st Flexion: 2ndly Descent: 3rdly Rotation: 4thly Extension: and 5thly External rotation. These stages are the same whether the occiput is anterior, transverse, or posterior Sometimes the head will lodge in the sciatic foramen and terminate in a facial presentation. The prognosis in these presentations [cross out] is favorable and the more so the nearer the occiput is anterior. The tumors found on the scalp in tedious labors is called "Caput succedaneum" and is formed on that part of the scalp over the os uteri. Cephalaematoma exists in consequence of some injury sustained in parturition and consists of an extravasation of blood surrounded by a bony ridge: Calcarea carbonica is the remedy for it. The caput succedaneum will go away itself if is is very bad may assist its absorption by bathing it with arnica. Facial- Facial presentations occur once in about 250 or 300 labors. 70 Diagnosis. First we find an unusually large bag of waters far up we find the forehead, and higher still the anterior fontanelle; farther down the ridge around the eyes and then the different points on the face. Sometimes the face is swollen and then the diagnosis is difficult, in such cases find the mouth if you can and trace out the gums; you may also work the chin. The chin is usually found right transverse; it may however be anterior or posterior. The stages correspond to the vertex except the first, which in facial presentations is one of extension, and the fourth which is flexion: thus 1. extension. 2 descent. 3 rotation. 4 flexion. 5 external rotation. If the chin is posterior is has to travel over a larger route. the stages are the same Should the chin get caught in the ischiatic notch flexion takes place and the presentation is converted into a vertex presentation. After the child is formed the face has an unnatural appearance; we should apply a lotion of arnica, and put the child to sleep. Pelvic presentations occur once in about 35 cases of labor; their usual position is in the left lateral half of the pelvis anteriorly. Diagnosis. The first point of diagnosis is the great trochanter. then we will find the sulcus between the nates- the anus- the genital organs towards the apporite side. The point of the coccyx will indicate the variety of the presentation. The stages are the same as in other presentations: the body descends along the ramus of the pubis and rotates under the arch of the pubes; the body is delivered, external rotation brings the face into the cavity 71 cavity of the sacrum and the occiput under the symphisis pubes. When the knees present the presenting part will feel too small for the head for which they might be mistaken on account of their hardness. A foot presentation may be recognised by the tendo achilles- by the foot joining the leg at right angles which way the toes point that way the face will be. The mechanism the same as in the other presentations. Trunk presentations. All trunk presentations may be converted into right or left [shoulder] presentations. The shoulder is the most usual presentation; we should find which way the face is before turning. Diagnosis. The axillary space, the spine of the scapula and the clavical are the means of diagnosis. To turn we should introduce that hand whose palmer surface corresponds with the abdomen of the child. Attention to the woman before and after confinement. Never enter a lying-in chamber without being announced and then go in with confidence in yourself. Inquire how long she has been sick &c. The following remedies may be found useful when indicated. Pulsatilla. If she is despondent, foreboding, and tells you she has always had long labors- and also, if her pains don't really seem to take hold of her much. Nux. Vom. If every pain makes her desire to have her bowels moved, or feel sick at the stomach and she thinks if she could throw up she would get better. Kali Carb. The pains come in the back, but do not come round in front. 72 Ipecac. When there nausea all the time on clutching pains about the umbilicus. Acontitum. If the patient is hot and feverish; every pain causes great distress; she is restless, can't keep still. Belladonna Every pain makes her say "Oh my back will break": flushed face. Chamomilla. Spasmodic pains which cause a forcing up of the uterus: or if she is fretful & snappish Secale. Pains feeble but crampy suitable for thin, lifeless, sort of women. Hyoscyamus. Jerking twitching: her look is wild. Opium is the remedy if your presence has stopped the pains and they don't come on again or but freely. Ignatia Where there has been much grief and sorrow: if you find her taking long breaths; pains not good. Lycopodium is indicated by great rumbling in the abdomen. You should always inquire whether the bowels have been moved and if not give an injection of warm water, or of castile soap and warm water, until she has a passage. The urine should also be evacuated: no woman should be delivered with urine in her bladder. If you find that the pains take hold of her, you should direct the bed to be made (if not already prepared) and the female to get in it. Should you have charge of the arranging of the bed the following remarks may be of some service An oil cloth or old coverlet should be used to protect the bed upon that the sheet may be laid, upon the sheet another oil cloth at the foot of the bed, (the woman should be delivered at the foot of the bed). The female may be dressed as she wants to be after delivery the gowns must be folded up above her hips and an old sheet or petticoat fastened around the lower part 73 of her body. The female should lie on her left side, and near the edge of the bed, so that she can place her feet against the bed post. Examination of the patient. The woman should not have more than one or two female attendants her husband may remain if she wishes him to or if he desires to be in the room. We examine the woman for several purposes- 1st to ascertain whether she is pregnant, 2nd if she is in labor 3rd whether she is at full term. If you can't enter the os or if the inner os is hard and rigid, you may know that she is not at term and will not be for two months or more 4th To ascertain whether the membranes have been ruptured. You may discover that she has been discharging the liquor amnii and yet there is a bag of waters, in that case the rupture has taken place high up in the uterus 5th To discover how far labor has advanced 6th How for the os is dilated and if there is any obstruction. 7th To diagnose the presentation The membranes should not be ruptured until the os is nearly dilated enough to admit the passage of the child's head. If the child's head is tight on the membrane wait until the pain ceases then rupture it with the fingers. Chills and rigors in the first appearance of labor foretell a speedy delivery The membranes sometime break with a rush if you expect them to break in a short time tell the woman what is a going to happen. Prevent the woman from bearing down until the proper time. The child pressing upon the rectum will after cause a feeling as if she was a going to have her bowels 74 moved; when that happens don't let the female get up In supporting the child's head never draw down upon the perineum; you will be sure to rupture it if you do_ "as sure as the would gen-gentleman" Prof Suendity (loc. cir.) Attention to the child during and after labor After the head is born support it with the hand The woman will be less liable to haemorrhages, to inflamation of the womb, and to after pains &c if we let the child be spontaneously born_ Wipe the child's face as soon as you can_ Don't allow the child to kick against the mothers legs after it is born lay it with its back towards the mother, and as soon as it breathes sufficiently tie the [navel] cord about an inch above the navel_ wrap the child in a blanket and give it to the nurse. If is is a face presentation be careful how you support the perineum: don't press on it too much. In breech presentations_ the cord may be pulled on if so draw it down and feel if it pulsates- should it not pulsate or if the pulsations are failing then we must assist the delivery. The child immediately after birth is covered with a gelatinous substance. Lard or sweet oil will remove this. Dressing the child. Put on the diaper first or you may get your clothes spoiled_dress the cord and then put on the baby's clothes. The petticoat should not be put on over the head but over the legs. After the child is dressed put it to bed- never let it go to bed with its shawl on. Warm drinks are decidedly injurious to women in a protracted labor_ cold water is the best 75 drink_ She should never have solid food during labor. In delivering the placenta wrap the cord with a napkin and draw is gently. When you find the placenta in the vagina seize it in one hand and twist it round with the other. In bandaging the woman don't pin the bandage too tight-just enough to be comfortable to her and give her a dose of arnica. After the woman has slept the nurse may wash her with luke warm water: if the labor has been protracted and difficult, or if she be a primipara add a little arnica. Phenomena of the lying in state- commences with the lochial discharge- She will perspire profusely- this is all right unless it weakens her- when such is the case, give a dose of Sulphur. If she does not pass water after confinement Arsenic is the most important remedy next Causticum, or Hyoscyamus. The reason why she does not pass water is that labor has caused a paralysis of the bladder. If the uterus does not decrease but rather increases in size, and the female feels as though she has another child in it- Crocus will releive. The lochia comes from the interal surface of the Uterus. After pains. Are caused by the painful return of the uterus to its normal state if they are trifling we need not pay much attention to them. The more natural the labor the less severe will be the after pains Diagnosis. From Puerperal peritonitis the after pains are in paroxysms and are made much worse by the child at the breast; in puerperal peritonitis the pain is constant and is not affected by suckling the infant. 76 infant. In after pains between the intervals she seems perfectly well. If the after pains are very severe we may use the following remedies, Arnica generally controls the after pains: if it dont succeed in stopping the severity of the pains the will find Chamomilla of importance if she has been a great coffee drinker- she complains of feeling too warm. Coffee if she is nervous and excitable, sleepless, pains almost beyond endurance. Pulsatilla- Fearful patients: mild and pleasant in their dispositions. Nux Vomica:- Every pain causes her to have a desire to go to stool. After these medicines we may try; Ipecac:- When there is nausea: sick stomach. Rhus tox.- Pain in the coccyx and sacrum: stiff pain running down the limbs: feels paralysed: and she is worse at night. Sabina:- Pain running through from back to front Belladonna:- The pain comes and goes quick low down in the abdomen: She can't bear the bed jarred, Bryonia:- Can't bear the least motion. Calcarea carbonica:- Has been too early and too frequent in her menstruation. Cuprum acet. In spasmodic and cramp like pains which seem to hang on and get no better. Kali carbonicum:- stitching pains: if she moves she will scream from the terrible stitch running through the abdomen. Kuta:- Good deal of soreness about the bones. Sulphur:- Flashes of heat: burning, hot feet cant keep them under the bed clothes. 77 Veratrurm:- Pains obstinate and cramp-like- producing a coldness. If the child does not pass water but cries and frets all night give Aconite If the bowels have not been moved Nux is generally the remedy. The mother won't have her bowels moved until about the eighth day. If she has bad feelings get the symptoms and prescribe for them The Lochia. After the placenta has been delivered the sanguineous flow goes on and forms the lochia. The milk fever will ofter suppress the lochia for a time. The lochia will gradually disappear in two or three weeks. When you are called to a case of protracted lochia give Rhus The lochial discharge is sanguineous during the first six or seven days- then it becomes serous- then milky then purulent, and finally, in the last twenty four hours it becomes pinkish. Sometimes a shred of the placenta will remain in the uterus, and cause a bad odor: the end of the shred may be seen in the vagina-: the odor ceases after its removal. A hasty delivery will sometimes cause a clot of blood to form in the uterus- Dont use mechanical means to extract it- the pains will indicate the remedy. 78 In cases of suppressed if by a chill and if fever is present aconite is the remedy. Chamomilla- When there are colicy pains & diarrhoea Bryonia.- Bursting headache. Colocynthis. Diarrhoea and colicky pains aggravated by taking food and drink. Pulsatilla:- When the discharge takes the appearance of milk suddenly and before the proper time. When the lochial discharge becomes offensive Bell and Carbo-animalis are the most important remedies; sometimes we may use Secale and Kreaosote. Platinum. If there be excessive sensitiveness of the vagina. Crocus. for black and stringy lochia. Rhus Tox.- If the sanguineous stage lasts too long. Calcarea car.- If the lochia is exhausting, or there is a want of vital heat. Ferrum.-The patient is much reduced and has a red face. The woman should not menstruate during lactation. Calcarea car is the most general rememdy in such cases-next silicea-then Pulsatilla- then Calcarea phos. Milk fever comes on in about forty hours after parturition; the sooner the child is applied to the breasts the less will be the sufferings of the mother. In difficulties during this period, use, Aconite.- When there is fever and restlessness. Bryonia- pale, painful, and heavy breasts. Belladonna.- Breasts painful, heavy, and red, in streaks across them. 79 Pulsatilla.- Mild temperaments-; low spirited; bad taste: the milk don't secrete well. Calcarea car.- The patient is all the time cold and chilly: the breasts are flabby. Graphites.- The female has had gathered breasts with every child; the milk seems to be hard to draw; lumps in the breasts from old cicatrices. Carbo amimalis;- Not enough milk; feeling of emptiness at the pit of the stomach; sweating while taking food Never allow a female to stop nursing if she is in a healthy condition. If the female is not to nurse don't touch the breasts but give the remedy indicated. Bryonia- if the breasts are painful, pale and heavy, & in a short time the milk will dry up; Belladonna if they are red: & so on as may be indicated. If the mother is weaning is cold and chilly, give calcarea The woman after delivery will need attention for four weeks oat meal gruel is the best food for the first four days, after that period she may take any nourishing food except eggs, oysters or fish_ "don't let them come within gun shot of her until she is able to go down stairs and cook them." (The baby should have a spoonful or two of cold water every morning) The female should not get out of bed for nine or ten days and then not for a whole day at a time. The bandage should be left off after she begins to sit up, an old fashioned long corset may take the place of it. If the child is exposed to too strong a light it will turn yellow; this should not be mistaken for jaundice. The child is sometimes born in a condition resembling death or it may look as if it were dying, and will be blue, quivering &c. In such cases don't tie the cord 80 If the child does not make much progress towards recovery and is in the blue and swollen state give, Aconite or Opium. If it is pale and limber and lifeless from some shock to the nervous system or from being in a state of asphyxia so long -Tartar emetic. If pale, limber, and lifeless from loss of blood.- China Remedies not having desired effect, the best means left is to souse the child in cold water so as to give it a shock and then wrap it up well. Should this also fail, close the child's nostrils and slowly inflate the lungs, then remove the pressure from the nostrils and gently press on the lungs- Continue this operation for some time. The death of the child from asphyxia may occur in three ways, viz; by asphyxia, from lesions of the circulation- of the respiration_ or of the nervous system. A child may die in facial presentations of apoplexy. The child is sometimes born in a great state of debility_ as when born at the fifth or sixth month. -when this occurs the child should not be washed immediately but wrapped in cotton and kept at a temperature of 75- give it nourishment little and often. Dystocia The causes of dystocia are numerous they are divided into three classes. 1- Where there is deficiency or excess of action in the expulsory forces. 2.- this class includes all the obstacles that oppose the expulsion of the foetus. 3.- Comprises all the complications or accidents which renders the case liable to result in the death of the mother or child. 81 1st Deficiency or excess of action in the expulsory forces. Slow labor come under this head-. A labor may be slow and not dangerous so long as progress is made all the way through: if there should be no progress in the second stage dangerous symptoms will supervene in a few hours, (There is not so much danger if the labor is stayed in the first stage.) The woman gets sick at the stomach; restless; vomiting takes place first of her food and drink and then of a black, coffee ground substance she finally becomes quiet_ If not delivered this condition will end in death. Labors which are tedious may finally wear the patient out; we should look for a remedy in tardy labor. If we make an examination and find the os dilated, but no bag of waters- while the membranes are tense and don't protrude a particle- we may know the cause in such a case of the delay is over distension of the uterus by too much liquor amnii. To remedy this we will have to puncture the membranes and let some of the liquor amnii off not too much at a time or we might paralyse the action of the uterus altogether. Again you may find the membranes drawn tightly over the child's head and will not give way there by rendering the progress very slow. Tear the membranes in the absence of a pain is the treatment for such cases. Sometimes the liquor amnii will be all in the upper part of the uterus and prevent the contractions from acting on the foetus. The treatment is to raise the child's head in the absence of pain and let it off. An accumulation of foeces may be found in the rectum and cause delay of labor_ Treatment_ wash out the rectum. A filled bladder will also delay or prevent labor- should evacuate the contents of the bladder. Vivid moral impressions or a disagreeable person in the 82 room will often arrest the pains. Give the remedy indicated in the first case- For grief Ignatia- fright Opium- Excessive joy coffea &c- In the latter have the person removed. Nausea and vomiting will sometimes arrest the pains. The remedies usually indicated are- Ipecac., Cupnem, Veratrum, Ant.corid, and Nux., Irregularity of the pains (Crampy or Spasmodic) will sometimes occur. Cham., Hyos, &c are the remedies. Belladonna, Kali carb., Opium, Pulsatilla, and Secale are the best remedies in feeble labor pains. Belladonna if the eyes are injected- can't bear light nor noise- the pains are quick- and she complains much of back ache. Kali Carb. The pain comes on in the back and shoots off down the buttock- pain like a sense of weight in the pelvis- stitching pain. Opium. If in consequence of some mental emotion, mouth open- breathing stentorous. Pulsatilla. If the patients are mild, tearful.- the slightest cause will make her cry. Secale. The female is thin- condition poor- not much vivacity. The next best in order are Chamomilla, Nux, Sepia, and Natrum Muriat. Chamomilla. patient very cross, wont give you a civil answer Nux vomica. If she has a desire to go to stool with every pain. Sepia. The pains are violent she complains of weight in the anus- cold hands and feet. Natrum murriaticum.- good deal of itching about the hairy portions of the genital organs The old school physicians universally prescribe Ergot 83 in cases where there is a "dead set". In such cases the effect of ergot it either to poison the mother or kill the child. The action of Ergot upon the uterus is such as to cause continued contraction and consequently when it acts will generally result in the death of the child. If you find the remedy that will act use the forceps Before making use of them- you had better mention them casually and say nothing more in regard to there use- the female will soon inquire about them and as last will even propose their use. Excess of Action in the expulsory forces. When the contractions of the uterus are too strong and quick the child is generally born too suddenly-: rupture of the perineum or a fall on the floor &c are the effects- Treatment when we know of such cases put the female to bed soon, and encourage her not to bear down this is about all that can be done. For too rapid contractions you may find coffea, acon., or cham of service. II Obstacles that oppose the expulsion of the foetus 1st Malformations of the pelvis. The pelvis is often too small- (sometimes the pelvis is too large and the head does not engage properly_ the child is born too quick and the uterus becomes more liable to collapse in consequence-)- Among the deformities of the pelvis, we find the flattening from before backward lessening the anteroposterior diameter of the superior and inferior straits_ the approximation of the lateral walls lessening the transverse diameter- And the oblique deformity caused by the contraction of the antero-lateral wall. The diagnosis of pelvic deformities is divided into rational and sensible. We may rationally conclude a 84 malformation of the pelvis if the female has other congenital deformities_ The sensible signs are not of much use. The indications for treatment in these deformities In all cases of a deformity we will have to compare the child's head with the superior strait by means of the finger and if we find one diameter longer than the others we ought to bring the long diameter of the head into it. If the diameter of the pelvis is lessened more than two inches we will have to break up the child and bring it away piecemeal_ If the child's face presents try long and hard to get a vertex presentation. 2nd of the soft parts. Of the vulva_ adhesions of the greater labia sometimes takes place after coition_ if there is no opening or only a partial one, wait until the child's head presses on the vulva. them make an opening with a probe-pointed bistoury "I never have had a case of this kind in 2500"- Generally A persistent hymen is occasionally met with The treatment is to cut it through Contraction and rigidity of the vulva sometimes happens- division of the posterior commissure is recommended- "I have never done it though often tempted- after waiting a great while the child generally gets through"- Resistance of the perineum- In such a case we will have to exercise just as much patience as above. In bagging of the perineum- where the head of the child seems to be caught in the perineum- we will lift the head up out of the "bag" with the forceps. When the vagina slips down before the child's head engages in the superior strait put it back- if the head has already engaged in the vagina, put on the forceps and deliver 85 3rd Tumors. 1 Of the bones.- Exostuses- they spring from the surface of the sacrum- if not large enough to stop labor entirely, deliver with the forceps- if large enough perform craniotomy- Silicea, Calcarea, Mezerum &c will be the remedies in such cases as medicinal treatment. Osteo-sarcoma is a rare disease it is more easily dealt with than exostosis because compressible Tumors sometimes result from deformities. 2 Of the soft parts Oedema of the labia- The labia sometimes become swollen and dropsical_ the child can be born but the labor will be tedious Thrombus or sanguineous tumors_ These will sometimes form in the cavity of the pelvis during parturition, if they become large enough to interfere much with labor, puncture them. If we find them after parturition Calendula is one of the best remedies or arnica- if inflamed Hamemllis virgin Tumors of the neck and body of the uterus Polypi- these sometimes come down the uterus and fill the vagina, they have a long pedicle and as labor progresses are usually expelled. We diagnose these by their being in the vagina covered with nothing and attached by a long pedicle or neck to the uterus. Fungous haematodes- Cauliflower excressences- these bleed if touched_ Placenta previa differs from fungus haematodes, by the bleeding taking place in gushes. Encysted tumors_ May be known by being round, marbly, fluctuating, and movable_ The treatment for these is to puncture them with a trocar. 3 Of the neighboring parts Ovarian tumors. These may be felt through the vagina if cancerous they will feel hard, ragged, and rough- if filled with fluid, fluctuating. We will have to elevate 86 elevate them above the superior strait. Procidentia vesicae.- feels like a large bag of water introduce the catheter and you may feel it in the tumor, draw off the water and push the bladder up. Urinary calculi.- A large stone in the bladder will sometimes interfere with labor- Treatment- Place the woman on her hands and knees and push the stone above the superior strait and keep it there until the head engages. Hernial tumors. Hernia of the intestines may be reduced by pushing it up above the superior strait Vulvar tumor or perineal hernia. These tumors are formed by a loop of the intestine descending through the abdominal ring into the greater labia, they do not interfere much with parturition. 4th Obstacles presented by the neck and body of the Uterus. 1 Rigidity of the neck. Aconitum.- When we find great distress-much suffering and the parts dry. Conium.- Stinging pain in the neck. 2 Spasmodic contraction of the neck. This may be confounded with rigidity of the neck_ Diagnosis- In the latter case (rigidity of the neck) the edges of the orifia are thick soft and easily dilatable- while in spasomodic contraction the edges of the os feels like a blunt case knife-. Belladonna- The edges are very sore & sensitive, Sepia if there is not so much sensibility as would indicate Bell: Also, Hyoscyamus & Stramonium, particularly if there be spasmodic contractions of the muscles of the body. Conuim- Hypertrophy with induration of the 87 os; stinging pains 5th Obstacles dependent on the foetus or its Appendages. 1 Diseases of the foetus Hydrocephalus- May be recognized during parturition by the following signs: we meet with a large hard body at superior strait which does not feel like the head, careful examination reveals the large fontanels and sutures- the bones seem to swim in water, Treatment- plunge a trocar into the head and draw off the water Hydrothorax & ascites-. We will find the head to deliver all right- then the labor stops- Examine and you find the intercostal spaces to bulge out & the chest distended Treatment-. If you can't deliver with the forceps, draw off the fluid by puncturing the walls with a trochar. Ascites is treated in a like manner. 2 Deformities of the foetus. Labor will [often] sometimes be rendered difficult by the occured of monstrosities- multiple and adherent foetuses. 3 Prolapsus of the cord- The cord will sometimes descend into the vagina before the head engages in the superior strait Treatment_ Put the cord in a hole made in a sponge and carry the whole above the superior strait- the sponge expands and keeps it there, or make a pocket by sewing one end of a piece of folded muslin, and place the cord in it and with a bowtie carry it above the superior strait. 4 Malpositions of the foetus If in head presentations the head is strongly inclined to the right or left of the usual line, we will turn the woman on the side towards which the head inclines,- Employ the same method in breech presentations 88 III Diseases and accidents that are liable to result in the death of the mother or child. 1st Puerperal hemorrhage The causes of puerperal hemorrhage are divided into the predisposing, determing and the special causes. Predisposing causes. The main predisposing cause is pregnancy. Determining causes are exposure, a false step, a fall on the feet or nates, blows &c- any thing which disturbs the harmony of the healthful state. Special Causes_ The insertion of the the placenta over the mouth of the uterus- rupture of the cord-. Symptoms of puerperal hemorrhage. The accident is usually proceeded for a few days by a dull languid sensation, an unusual malaise, coliky pains, cold feet and general chilliness: soon there is a slight appearance of blood at the vulva. In case of an internal hemorrhage the abdomen will swell enormously- the pulse sinks- the woman becomes pale and other symptoms marking the loss of blood set in. The seat of the hemorrhage is between the internal surface of the placenta and the uterus: when internal the flow commences near the center of the placenta, and gradually distending it tears it away from the uterus; or the discharge may take place into the membranes. We have an unavoidable hemorrhage when the placenta is right over the mouth of the uterus. The attacks come on and grow worse and worse until the time of parturition The sign of a placenta previa: you will find the finger obstructed in making an examination; as soon as it enters the os internus, this obstruction feels like 89 a cauliflower excressence If she has pain the flow is more profuse while the pain exists. Hemorrhage never comes on before the end of the 6th month when placenta previa is the cause. Treatment- may be divided into preventitive and curative Preventitive, comprises all those means used to keep the patient in health during pregnancy. Curative embraces all means we make use of at the time the hemorrhage occurs. When first called to patient in uterine hemorrhage we should have her placed in a horizontal position on a hair mattress in an airy room- the diet should be cooling. If the hemorrhage occurs before the end of the sixth month use no mechanical means in arresting it. If at the close or after the sixth month should inquire whether it is caused by an injury or if it is a placenta previa, we must hasten the delivery if the latter state exist and the woman is much affected by the loss of blood. The best mode of delivery in cases of placenta previa is to plunge the finger through the placenta and rupture the membranes, letting off the liquor amnii slowly. As soon as the liquor amnii begins to flow off the bleeding ceases, because the cause of the tension is removed.- The delivery takes place through the placenta. In hemorrhage during labor, if we cannot succeed in arresting it by means of internal remedies, we must introduce a hand, seize a leg and deliver. 2nd Puerperal Convulsions Its causes are predisposing and determining Pregnancy is the great predisposing cause: Anything which irritates the spinal cord may bring on the convulsions_ the irritability of the uterus_ the bladder distendend with water-the rectum loaded with foeces &c 90 The attack comes on with precursory symptom usually these are double vision, one sided headache &c Diagnosis from hysteria- the latter is always preceeded by a sensation as of a ball in the throat nor are the paroxysms so regular. In puerperal convulsions there is always a rolling of the eyes first- then the body turns in the same direction as the eye turns- it becomes stiff and rigid_ twitching of the muscles takes place- stentorous breathing sets in and finally she goes to sleep- From this sleep the woman awakens without a knowledge of what has taken place: soon after another attack comes on and the same scene is enacted- The convulsions go on thus for two or three day or more. The muscles of the face never twitched in hysteria- in Eclampsia the most violent contortions of the face occur The prognosis is unfavorable Remedies Nux vomica.- The convulsions come on in the middle of the night- the patient habitually constipated temper irritable- had taken too much food before going to bed. If her bowels have not been moved for some time use an injection until they are. Bryonia- Abdomen tender- pulse full- perspiration- dry lips and splitting headache. Make her set at the [illegible] to set up Aconite- Dry, hot skin and restlessness Distended abdomen and diarrhoea with tenesmus will remind you of Cham, Merc & Hyos. Hyoscyamus particularly if she has had the diarrhoea for several hours- jerking, twitching and in a state of general commotion. Pulsatilla- When her countenance is cold and clammy and pale-sometimes dysuria. 91 Sometime pale and cold Belladonna.- Face livid or purple and warm. (hot) can't swallow or with difficulty_ speechless- right side paralysed and also the tongue.- pupils dilated- Every return of pain brings on convulsions starts and cries- fearful vision. Shuddering between the spasms Opium- Stupor between the spells and stertorous breathing, or incoherent wanderings_ dilated and insensible pupils. Hyoscyamus- General commotion- jerks and twitches- countenance bluish- she laughs at everything- convulsion of every muscle of the whole body Stramonium- Fits renewed by contract or the sight of brilliant objects- the upper part of the body is more convulsed- face red and puffed. (afraid) Chamomilla- When anger is the cause- One cheek red the other pale.- Starts and jumps in her sleep_ Complains of heat and wants to drink Ignatia- Convulsions of the limbs, eye, eyelids, and face and at the same time throwing back the head. Long sighs. Alternate redness & paleness of the face Lachesis- She cries out severely at every attack- cold feet- vertigo even when lying still- palpitation of the heart and headache- pale face and heavy drowsiness Coffea- Great nervous excitability. Ipecac- Constant nausea with fact about the umbilicus Cuprum Aceticum._ The spasms seem to commence in the fingers and toes_ great accumulation of mucus in the chest. Convulsions comes [illegible] of sleep, Relax [illegible] Phosphorus- Flush of heat going from below upwards("Aura") preceeding the attack-can feel & see it giving up. Tincum-When cupurm has failed_the attack [Sc??lice] may [illegible] [illegible] in five & [illegible] females [Cc???] [illegible] [illegible] injury 92 has commenced with fidgety feet- She can't keep them still Arnica- The blood rushes violently to the head during the pain, with tendency to paralysis of the left side- cutting pains- involuntary stools, Cicuta virora- Violent abdominal spasms with electric jerks in the limbs- pale cold face with half open eyes- apisthotonos with great borbyrygmus 3rd Rupture of the uterus The causes are softening of the walls of the uterus, an abscess in the walls &c or violent uterine contractions. Symptoms- she feels a sudden pain in the region that has been rent- sometimes a noise is heard-, followed by collapse, the pulse almost ceases to beat and the patient becomes pale. Treatment- If the labor is progressing deliver the child as soon as possible and remove the placenta. The uterus must be examined and if a portion of the intestine is in it return them-; bearing the patient to get well if she can. The rupture of the vagina is similar in nature to that of the uterus but not so violent. 4th Rheumatism of the uterus. Any rheumatic patient is liable to this complaint. This affection protracts labor and may bring on an abortion. Rhododendron is the remedy if the pain sets in with a rise of the wind and leaves when the wind goes down. Syncope in parturition from the effects of the pain require Nux vomica. 93 Obstetrical Operations Version. Version is the operation by which one of the two extremities of the child is brought to the superior strait: and therefore consists of two kinds. Cephalic and Pelvic or Podalic Cephalic version may be resorted to in irregular vertex presentations and facial General precautions. Get the females consent before performing the version. Place the patient on her back with her legs placed on the abdomen and near the edge of the bed. For performing the operation we should choose that hand, which when half way between pronation and supination, corresponds with the abdomen of the child in all vertex and face presentations In shoulder presentations use the hand which corresponds to the side of the child presenting. Having decided which hand to introduce lubricate it well except the palmer surface. The hand may be introduced in the form of a cone insinuate it gently and in the interval between the pains whenever it is possible. In facial presentations with the chin posteriorly it is well to try to convert it into a vertex presentation. The same may be said of irregular trunk presentations. Pelvic version. When the head presents and we can't succeed in producing cephalic we must perform pelvic version. Never seize but one leg in turning. If spasmodic contraction of the os takes place never cut it but give the remedy indicated. The Forceps To apply the forceps the woman must be placed in the same position as directed for version. The forceps should always be applied to the head and when ever possible to the sides of the head. Dr Guernsey uses Bonds short forceps more frequently than any others._ 94 The forceps should always be employed when the pains have stopped and we have waited a reasonable time for them to commence. Always apply the under blade first To introduce the forceps when the head is in the cavity of the pelvis: hold the head steady with one hand, place the blade of the forceps perpendicular to the head resting upon it and then incline so as to suit the head, slipping it on gently ("dont push one bit")- the other blade is introduced in a manner and the two are locked. Traction must be made in the line of the axis of the pelvis- The course the handles incline to take will indicate the direction to draw. If the head "bags" in the vulva lift it up with the forceps and it will extend under the symphisis. When the face presents towards the anterior part of the body we should make the traction rather upwards so as to deliver the occiput first When the head is at the superior strait with the occiput in the left anteriorally, introduce the hand, place [cross out] a finger on the childs head, and resting the end of the branch of the forceps on the head let it glide gently to a proper position- the [cross out] will lay in the posterior commissure of the vulva. Traction is to be made directly downwards- the head will rotate and the forceps must be applied so that their concavity will come under the arch of the pubes Occiput right anterior- The principle of application is the same as above Occiput posterior- left half- apply the forceps in the ordinary way. The head must not rotate_ The occiput must go down the cavity of the pelvis. The handles must be elevated more than if the occipent was anterior. 95 Induction of premature labors. Sometimes the woman will habitually have the child to die in utero. Cale. car. and sulphur are the most remedies in such cases, sometimes Thuja We only induce premature labors when there is a deformity of the pelvis so that the child could not be born at term, or when tumors exist in the pelvis. To induce premature labor a stream of tepid water should be thrown upon the neck of the uterus by means of a pump syringe, about twelve quarts should be so injected upon the neck.- Then we must wait about four hours, and if labor does not commence at that time, make another application. Continue this experiment until labor does come on. An abortion is advisable if the pelvis is contracted to less than two and a half inches; it may be produced in the same way. Delivery of the after birth The most important remedies for retained placenta are._ Pulsatilla, Secale, and Sabrina. The after birth ordinarially comes away very easily Seize the cord with a napkin- if the placenta is high up, use a finger of the free hand, press the cord down at the same time that you pull, so as to draw in the direction of the axis of the superior strait. Sometimes there will be much pain after the delivery of the placenta-. By feeling upon the abdomen you will find the fundus of the uterus sunken in, causing a cup like cavity. Introduce a hand into the uterus and push it out.- 96 Hygiene of children from birth to weaning. The moral emotions of the Mother much affect her milk. What sensible mother would give her child the breast immediately after a fit of anger? Convulsions are often the result of allowing the child to take the breasts after a fit of anger- Chamonilla is the remedy in those cases. A mother should gradually wean her child as soon as she finds herself pregnant. Nursing of children.- The child should be frequently nursed soon after it birth-, say once or twice in a couple of hours. It should not be applied to the breasts every time it cries; use other means to quiet it, as a change of position &c. perhaps the child is not hungry. there may be something else the matter with it. Don't allow the child to suck in to sleep, always lay it away in its bed as soon as it goes to sleep. It it best for the child to depend upon the breasts for nourishment until it has begun to cut teeth. At the age of 9 or 12 months the child should commence to be weaned gradually, and after it has learned to eat. Uears by day at first. A child should be weaned between the periods of teething, never while teething is going on. Teething.- The two lower incisors are the first to appear at about the seventh month. The period occupied in "cutting" them is about 15 days. There comes a rest of six weeks. The 2nd group manifest itself between ten & twelve months and are about four weeks in coming through: this group consists of the four upper incisors. 3rd group is completed between the twelfth and fifteenth month during which period 4 Molars are "cut" and after them the last two lower incisors. The interval between 97 This group and the next is a good time for weaning. 4th group consisting of the canine teeth are cut between the 18th & 20th month and occupies about three months 5th group, appear a two years, comprises the last molars and the deciduous teeth are complete. Regimen of Nursing Women Nursing women should have plain nourishing diet all the way through. The simpler the diet of the mother the better for the child, teething will be accomplished much easier and the baby will be much less liable to the summer complaint &c_ Short nipples may be elongated by the use of the nipple shield- porter bottle &c- If the nipple gets sore from the first application of the child but the skin is not broken- Use a solution of Arnica. Should the skin be abraded use Calendula If the abraded surface is much inflamed Chamomilla also if the inflamation extends over the whole nipple Graphites. When there is an erysipelatous condition extending to the breasts- blistered_. Sulphur.- Deep cracks in the nipple- May be around it or at the end, Burning pain in the nipple. Cale.car_ Ulcerated nipples very sore and painful Lycopodium. When the nipples are in a state similar to that described under sulphur only there is not the burning. Mercurius. The nipple feels raw and sore Silicia. The nipple is ulcerated and tender. Castror Equorum. When the nipple is very much ulcerated, it seems ready to drop off.- Croton Fig. When there is no apparent soreness. 98 yet as soon as the child begins to suck there will be a pain through to the back from the nipple. Or if the female has been nursing for some months and upon examining the nipple you find a white kernel which pains and burns like fire. Pulsatilla, when there is a good deal of burning about the nipple; also when the temperament suits. The milk may be altered in quality. Sometimes the child will throw up the milk curdled- the milk seems to be spoiled- Borax or Lachesis- are to be given to the mother- or Cina if the babe won't take the milk; the woman is restless in her sleep her appetite is very variable. Mercurius and Silicia are also very important. Galactorrhoea. When remedies for a profuse secretion of milk are.- Belladonna when she complains of the breasts being heavy and continually wet with milk. Bryonia in cases similar to Bell but without the sense of weight. Calcarea. Car. When she complains of being chilly, can't bear the air to blow on her. Asafoetida is one of the best remedies for a deficient supply of milk if the patient is easily worried and fidgety. Ignatia if moral effect cause a deficient secretion. She may have the right quantity of milk, but sinks away, and has a sensation of soreness at the pit of the stomach. Carbo animalis. General rules relative to Infantile Hygiene Don't dress the child too much and don't 99 put it in bed with its shawl on. The bandage should be worn three or four months. The child should be washed not much oftener than once a day. Don't let a child be washed and go out to walk immediately after. Never allow a hot diaper to be put on the child it will make it sore and cause urinary troubles. Another bad habit of nurses is washing the child's head with borax water- Don't permit that- use pure water. If child's head gets covered with dandruff or scurf give Calcarea or perhaps Silicia or Calcarea phos. Starch of Flour should never be applied to the skin they are the best means in the world to make is chafe. Puerperal Fevers Puerperal fever usually begins on the third or fourth day. It may resemble hysteralgia_ the chief points of difference are these: in the latter complaint the pulse rises and falls with the fever- continues high in puerperal fever. Hysteralgia gets worse in spells; puerperal fever gradually grows worse and worse. If the fever comes on before the milk begins to be secreted, the secretion will not take place. If the milk has commenced to flow it will cease during the progress of the fever. The fever sets in with rigors, followed by hot skin, and intense thirst; the pulse and respiration are rapid. Towards the last stage, a cold clammy skin is a forerunner of threatening death. The abdomen will be so tender that the patient can't bear the weight of the sheet. The pains begin at a point and extend gradually all over the abdomen. The abdomen is usually tumefied and tympanitic. When a mother with 100 this fever seems to care nothing for her child, it is regared as a very bad sign_a symptom of a grave form. The pulse, when the fever has fully set it, is 140: the thirst more intense at the first and last stages. less while the fever is at its height. The bowels are sometimes much constipated. The urine is not much changed if the peritoneum is alone inflamed but if the uterus is involved it is not to natural. The countenance is drawn up, and expressive of great suffering. A patch of crimson on each cheek is a bad sign. The duration of the complaint is from one to ten days. Aconite may be administered when the chill was very decided; the fever a real lynocha; pulse hard, thirst, and restlessness & sleeplessness. Cutting pain in the abdomen. Belladonna When there is spasmodic colic in the abdomen, as through she was seized with claws: clutching in the abdomen; or as if the intestines were ground with stones. A feeling as if the genital organs were pressing out. Tenderness made much worse by a jar. Burning heat in skin; red face and eyes. A hot steam seems to come from the woman when the bed clothes are turned down. (Don't repeat the Bell as often as Aconite.) Bryonia. The slightest movement aggravates the sufferings; splitting headache; parched, dry lip, and dry tongue. Constipation, vomiting of food; faints when sitting up, or feels sick at the stomach. Chamomilla. The breasts are flabby and empty with white diarrhoeic stool. (Seems as if the milk had left the beasts and mixed with the stool.) Or if she had been angry before the attack, or if the attack was brought on be taking cold. Bad tempered. She 101 complains of being too warm while she don't appear so to the observer. One cheek red, the other pale. Colocynit The pain in the abdomen is insupportable writhes in agony under her pains. Diarrhoea excited by eating or drinking. Coffea. Great nervous excitement. Sensitive much to the least pain. Mercurius. The patient is excessively thirsty with the mouth filled with Saliva. The pains in the abdomen are burning and lancinating. Desire for stool without effect or mucous and sanguineous discharges. Profuse perspiration. Nux vomica If the uterus is the seat of the inflamation more particularly. Constipation; frequent, unsuccessful desire for stool. Headache with hot face, as if before a hot fire. If the fever is consequent upon disappointment or contradiction. Tinkling in the ears and syncope following. Rhus-tox. The nervous system seems implicated. It may be given when the fever is assuming a typhoid form. The least contradiction aggravates her sufferings: if the lochial discharge becomes suddenly sanguineous. Arsenicum. When there is sudden prostration of the vital energies; the patient is full of anguish, the countenance is sunken, she can hardly sustain the least motion, yet she is very restless; thirst for little at a time; burning pain in the abdomen; vesicles on the lips; small, feeble, intermitting pulse all at once. Veratrum is indicated by symptoms similar to those of arsenicum. If arsenic don't improve the case, give veratrum_ the patient will want the coldest water. Arnica. Bruised feeling; involuntary stools and urine; especially in the graver forms of the fever. Always give Arnica for the nervous shock after confinement. 102 Hyoscyamus. Spasmodic symptoms, jerks and twitches in the limbs. Stramonium. Wants the room lighter, must have some one in the room all the time. Kali Carb. The pains are all stitching, the least motion gives her stitching pains in the abdomen. Platinum. Can't bear the napkins to the vulva, or if the loctial discharge becomes thick blood-like molasses. Iris versicolor. Great deal of gastric derangement, sinking coming on rapidly. Apis mel. Stinging pains, no thirst, red spots here and there over the body, sleepless nights. Carto veg. When the patient wants to be fanned. Asafoetida is sometimes useful. China. Full distended abdomen. Lachesis- always worse after sleeping. Sulphur- Flashes of heat, burning in the bottoms of the feet. Pulsatilla. Mild, tearful disposition; the lochia looks like milk. Ipecac.- Nausea all the time, clawing in the abdomen. Sepia- Urine putrid and leaves a ring of clay- like sediment in the chamber, which is hard to wash off. Crocus. Bounding in the abdomen; the lochial discharge is dark and stringy. Phlegmasia alba dolens, Inflammation of the vein of the leg appears from the fourth to the twelfth day. Symptoms- Pain in the lower part of the abdomen in different parts, more usually, in the region of the crural vein, and in the calf of the leg or ankle After the pain has lasted for some time the part begins 103 begins to swell, has a white shining appearance and extends down to the foot, or vice versa. First the leg is generally oedematous, she can't move it, it hurts her; the inguinal glands become swollen and suppurate. As soon as one leg gets well, the other becomes affected, from sympathy. There is a general debility of the whole system; the pulse is low.- she is feverish. The symptoms vary in intensity. This disease generally terminates in resolution or suppuration. Under the old school treatment death sometimes occurs very suddenly. The prognosis is generally favorable. Arnica if the disease comes on immediately after a severe labor. Aconits if it is in consequence of some exposure- the bed clothes have been changed, or she has been washed- She has a real synochal fever; restless. Apis mel. resembles the fever of aconite, only there is no thirst; sleepless nights. Belladonna- When there is tearing in the affected parts_ tearing, rending in the knee-joint; great sense of weight in the part; violent lancinatings in the part. Bryonia. Shooting from the hips to the feet; can't bear the least movement Pulsatilla If the lochia have suddenly disappeared. Rhus Tox- Great powerlessness of the limb, or if she is a typhoid state. (I use Rhus more than any other remedy- Guering) Arsenicum. Much depression of the system_ low, eacheotic state_. The pains are burning, always worse at night. Mercurius. Inguinal glands swollen, sore; 104 much salivation: often indicated after Bell or Bry. China. When there has been a great loss of blood. Sulphur. The patient complains of a great sense of numbness in the part. Looseness of the bowels (or great constipation) the desire for stool comes on so suddenly that she can hardly get ready in time. Antimon Crud. The affected part looks dark, as if dry gangrene was about come on. Cacl carb. for leuco-phlegmatic individuals. Sepia. Putrid odor of the urine. Lycopodium. is the remedy if the patient be very flatulent- much borbgrygmus- she has to wait a long time in passing water. Puerperal Insanity Females after parturition are sometimes troubled with a disturbance of their mental faculties This comes on soon after labor and assumes many forms; it is not dangerous, although it may last for months. Aconite. Its indications are: she fears death- is sure she is going to die at a certain time- She may have been frightened._ Despair. Belladonna: Desires death, wants some one to kill her- red eyes, and wild look. Bryonia: She is very busy all the time; fearful and apprehensive: perspires incessantly. Hyoscyamus.- A spasmodic tendency with the insanity- may have convulsions; loquacious and sleepless; wants to run away; desires to be naked- throws off the bed-clothes. Opium. If the case has developed from fright, and fear- all the while afraid- Drowsy state 105 red face- very sleepy- but can't sleep. Stramonium. Desires light and society- darkness and solitude aggravate her symptoms. Face red and bloated with a smiling, silly expression. Sulphur. Everything appears very beautiful- has happy dreams. Wakes and Sings in the night- she is very happy. Cantharis. Dysuria with burning, cutting, smarting pain, or bloody urine. Cuprum acet. or met. When the insanity appears in paroxysms, shows great weakness after the paroxysms. Cicuta-virosa. Alway plays the buffoon. Camphor- Feels cold to the touch_ a remarkable degree of coldness. Digitalis. Pulse remarkably slow_ all she does is stir. Helleborus. A remarkable degree of seclusion- she wants to be alone. Lachesis. Loquacious- changing from one subject to another. Platinum. Thick black blood from the uterus she screams in her paroxysms. Pulsatilla- Mild temperament, cries a great deal- religious melancholy, despairs of eternal salvation; prays much_ very pleasant and cheerful under disappointment. Mercurius When there is a good deal of saliva from the mouth, the patient plays with it. Veratrum. Very weak pulse- can hardly perceive its beat; marked prostration; cold sweat on the forehead at every exertion. Tinc. Intense obstinate pain in the brain Anacardium. The memory is at fault- She 106 recollects nothing. Aurum strong suicidial tendency. Ignatia If developed from fright & grief- the grief remains. Conium Great deal of vertigo- Intermitting flow of urine. Nux vom she finds fault all the time. Diseases of children Apthæ Mercurius is one of the chief remedies. If there is a high state of inflamation throughout the whole mouth; an inflamed appearance around each ulcer; increase of saliva; gums swollen and ulcerated; the urine strong, and staining the linen yellow. Sulphur Great deal of pain in the mouth, worse at night- So distinguished from Merc in not having salivation. If mercurius improves, but does not effect a cure, we may derive benefit from the use of sulphur Bryonia. May be used when there is a decided dryness about the mouth; the edges of the tongue are more especially affected - the gums spongy. Nux vomica- When the tip of the tongue is particularly affected; the breath smells badly. or if the child is very costive. Borax. The child is very hungry, wants to take the breast, but cries when taking it-. The white specks seem to be more on the sides of the cheeks, they bleed easily when washed. Use cold or warm water for the purpose of cleansing the mouth, or, if that irritates, mollasses. Atrophia Infantum, or Marasmus Calcarea Car- Stools clay colored; flesh soft; 107 always sweats much about the head (the whole head). Large solid abdomen; large open fontanels; the child never sleeps after 3 O'Clock A.M. Arsenicum. Great dryness of the skin- a leather-like dryness-. Drinks often and but little at a time; very restless- starts & jumps in its sleep; brown or green stools which are painful; painful stools containing undigested food. Marasmus with Tinea Capitis if the tinea be dry. Light colored stools- these cases show a torpidity of the liver. In some children who have infantile dyspepsia on account of over-feeding. Belladonna- Cough with ratling in the throat & chest; ratling throughout the whole chest; colic with involuntary stools. China. When the abdomen is enlarged, but lympanitic. Painless diarrhaea with undigested stool (Are painful); often a good deal of wind passes with the stool; child worse every other day. Nux vomica- Stools large, and difficult; may take a good deal of food; much flatulency; peculiar yellow, bloated face. The stools may be very small and very frequent_ a little bit of stool every little while. Rhus tox.- Great debility with a constant desire to lie down. Slimy, bloody diarrhoea, worse after midnight (Merc. has tenesmus). Sulphur. The child is extremely voracious; watches every cup or plate containing food; wants to take it in its hands. Constant want- never satisfied- wakes from sleep and wants to eat. Lycopodium. Great deal or rumbling and ratling in the baby's bowels. Sour diarrhoea. Ferrum acet. Face looks red and florid, 108 vomiting of food. Mercurius- Slimy or bloody stools with tenesmus. The thighs and legs are covered with cold, damp sweat. Merc. corsiv. Has similar looking stool to merc but the smell like cadavera Staphisagria. The cervical glands are swollen, the nostrils sore, ulcerations at the corner of the mouth, and fetid night sweats. Phos. acid. They pass a great quantity of urine. Debilitating diarrhoea & morning sweats- Bold Hives or Nettle Rash. Urticaria Calcarea car. is more frequently indicated than any other remedy. The skin is covered with white blotches- itches terribly. Dulcamara. When it results from taking cold, the blotches are not so white as in the calc. case. Hepar Sulph. If the nose is stopped up- can hardly take a breath; there may also be trouble with the nipples. ([cross out]) [cross out] [Chamomilla.] Swollen Breasts should not be rubbed or squeezed as is too often done Chamomilla. When the swelling is quite extensive; the breasts and the surrounding parts are swollen, red, and inflamed. Belladonna. The swelling is circumscribed by the outline of the breasts- they are hard and painful; red streaks run across them. Bryonia- The breasts are swollen and inflamed but quite pale. 109 If they threater to ulcerate Hepar sulph; silicia may follow Hepar after the abscess has opened, particularly if the affected part is very sensitive to the touch. Colic Chamomilla when the child has colic with yellow, green, and watery diarrhoea; or diarrhoea resembling chopped eggs and spinach. The stools smell like decayed eggs. The child must be carried or writhes and twists, and has cold feet. China. The colic comes on every afternoon Ipecac is indicated when the child cries out sharply as if the pains were cutting; stools fermented and putrid - and when there is a good deal of sick stomach. Pulsatilla. Colic every evening. Diarrhoea changing in its appearance, no two stools alike: worse at night. Veratrum. When the colic comes on with a watery diarrhoea and terrible screaming-. The diarrhoea is exhausting. the feet and skin cold, and the forehead covered with a cold perspiration. Belladonna. The colic comes on suddenly; the child cries out suddenly and violently then quickly gets well again- stops all at once. The child bends itself backward during the attack. Aconite- Gets into a dry heat with every attack of colic. Cina is indicated when the child won't sleep without being constantly rocked; is never still in its sleep; throws it arms and legs about. Borax. Is extremely nervous- it gets to sleep and the rustling of a dress, the ratling of a door Catch &c 110 will awaken it, or when seemingly sound asleep & the mother is about to lay it in the cradle, it will throw its arms about and her neck and wake up. Calcarea car. Don't sleep until after 3 A.M. Nux vomica (Is a boy) Always draws up his legs during an attack of colic; constipation; the colic comes on early in the morning. Colveynth. The child draws itself double, writhes and twists about (has not cold feet like chamomilla) Frothy diarrhoea, or diarrhoea of a musty smell. Lycopodium When there is red sand in the diaper; the child always screams terribly before passing water. The colic seems to be worse just before passing water which relieves it for a while. Great deal of borborygmus. Senna. The child is sleepless at night; constantly crying and tossing about; it won't sleep, nor rest, Great deal of incarcerated flatulence. Sulphur. More or less pimples over the body. The colic worse at night Mercurius. When the stools are green and slimy; the urine strong- stains the diaper yellow Jalapa. The indications for this remedy are similar to those for Senna but still the child will sleep some for a little while there wakens again & soon Coffea- Is the remedy, if there is a great deal of nervousness and sleeplessness- The child is very wakeful and excitable. Opium. The child is sleepy but can't sleep; it cries and shows a great deal of suffering. The bowels are moved every day but the stools consist of hard black balls. 111 Constipation The cositiveness of the child sometimes comes from the nurse: in such cases we will have to treat the nurse as well as the child. Bryonia. When the stools are hard and tough, or very dry. Calcarea carb. Hard undigested stool of white or light color. Some children in teething will have this kind of stool: Calcarea is then the remedy. The child sweats much about the head. Nux vomica. Stools large and difficult, freqently ineffectual urging to stool. Constipation arising when the child has been partly fed and partly nursed. Opium. Stool consisting of hard black masses which rattle as they roll from the diaper. Platinum. Stools of hard lumps which pass with difficulty they get partly out the anus and remain there- the nurse has to help it out. Lycopodium. Constipation with a great deal of flatulencey. Aluminum. When there is much straining although the stool may be soft. The child will get red in the face from straining. The stool comes down to the sphincter ani and remains above it. Veratrum. Hard straining a after the stool The patient is weak. Sulphur. When the general symptoms indicate it- pimples containing pus &c. Graphites has a stool like nux, but there is an erysipelatous condition of the child; where there is a fold of skin there is a raw place, with a glutinous exudation. Plumbum. Stools consisting of little balls of 112 natural color (not black like the Opium stools). The child is apt to be sleepless in the last part of the night. Convulsions. Aconite if there be a real synochal fever with the convulsions. Belladonna. Every convulsion terminates in a stupor, or whenever the child awakens it seems to be in a fright; has a staring wild look: Bends backwards during the convulsion, or the body is stiff and rigid with hot hands and head. Involuntary stool and urine with every convulsion Chamomilla. One cheek red, the other pale; the eyelids and the muscles of the face twitch, and the child throws itself from side to side Cina. The whole body is rigid for some time. Coffea is useful if the children are weakly and nervous and have convulsions from the slightest cause. Hyoscyamus. Blue face, every muscle of the body seems to twitch; froth at the mouth Ignatia. Single parts are convulsed; the child sleeps lightly_ starts. screams, and trembles all over-. Ignatia is one of the most frequently used medicines in the materia med for convulsions. Ipecac. Athsmatic patients. When there is a good deal of nausea and vomiting. The child draws itself before or after the convulsion and gets blue when in that stiff state. Mercurius. Salivation & green watery stools, abdomen very hard and distended Opium. The child screams just as the 113 spasm is coming on. Or if the mother had been recently frightened- (Better give the Mother opium also-). Entire suppression of urine and foeces during the spasm. Stramonium. When the child seems much frightened. When it awakes it shrinks, draws back, or gropes about with it hands. When unconscious it keep opening and shutting its fingers. Calcarea carb. cures many cases of spasms during teething, especially in leuco phlegmatic children with open fontanella. Much sweat about the head. Sulphur is the remedy for convulsions resulting from repelled eruptions. Apis Mel. Red spots or pimples here and there over the surface of the body. Cuprum Acet When the spasms are particularly in the extremities Crustia Lactea - Tinea Capitis Lycopodium. If the child's head smells badly notwithstanding the effort made to keep it clean Rhus tox. The pimples have an inflamed border, and itch terribly especially at night- They bleed often. Sulphur When there is a scabby lethery condition of the skin generally. The eruption gets better then worse and soon. Arsenicum Dry and scaly eruption- the cervical glands are full of little nodes: white undigested stools. Graphites. When there is an oozing moisture from the eruption, behind the ears, &c. 114 Sepia. When the enystion appears in rings and spreads in rings. Sepia failing Calcarea or Silicea generally suits the case. Aconitum. When there is a good deal of fever; suitable in the first stage. Viola tricolor. If we see the case in the beginning and find a sore place on the head secreting a matter which trickles down and mats the hair, or several sores characterised by the same state or when there are thick incrustations_ half an inch thick. Staphysagna. The scabs are yellow, moist & smell badly. Calcarea carb. When there is a large seat covering the whole top of the head and secretes a thick pus underneath it. The first indications of a cure in such a case is the drying up of the pus. Hepar sulph. around each seat are little pimples. Antimonium crud. The whole face is invered in a thick crust- the is no matter under it like in the calcarea case. Dulcamara. Hard swelling of the glands of the neck with eruption. Bryonia when the glands are hard red and painful. Sarsaparilla. The main sore is preceeded by cracks. Clematis erceta. A miliary eruption preceeds the points of which throw out a moisture which forms a scab. Mercurius- If there is a good deal of salivation. Oleander. When the child seems to be scrofulous the mesenteric glands are affected. 115 Cantharis Desquamation of the epidermis; giving a fuzzy appearance to the skin. Do not make an application of a bladder to the head- nor wash it much.- Dentition. Aconitum is of great value in dentition when there is a feverish restlessness. Belladonna if the remedy when the child is very dull and drowsy: seems sleepy all the time, starts up, looks wild, with dilated pupils & a staring look. Calcarea carb. In the cases of leuco-phlegmatic children who are remarkably slow in teething, profuse sweat about the head. Chamomilla. Its indications are- the child must be carried; red on one cheek and pale on the other; cross; starts from the least noise. Cina often relieves painful dentition in the latter part of the "first course" when they wet their beds and rub their noses a great deal. Dry cough with every tooth. Coffea. The child is very excitable, altogether too lively. Ingatia. If child wakes from its sleep, cries & trembles very much. Ipecac. Great deal of pain, nausea; diarrhoea of a variety of colors, or else stools of a fermented putrid odor- Ipecac suits many sufferings of children. Mercurius. Gums look red; great deal of salivation; green or bloody stools with straining; abdomen very hard. Sulphur. The anus looks red and sore after [Every stool.] 116 Creasote. When the pain is very severe-the child wants to be gnawing at its fist. Bad odor from the mouth and appearance of decay on the teeth which have been cut. Staphysagria. Child very impressible; teeth do not decay but are dark colored. Nux vomica. Great deal of constipation. The sufferings of the child are worse in the morning. Bryonia. The child vomits its milk immediately after taking it; thirsty; lips dry and parched; prefers quiet. Opium. Child is very sleepy but can't sleep and has a red face. Borax. When there is great wakefulness; children are restless and can't bear a downward motion. Pulsatilla. The sufferings are worse towards evening and in a warm place, changable stools. Antimonium crud. When there is a very white tongue and a good deal of vomiting. stools generally watery, sometimes they consist of hard lump and water. China. Good deal of weakness, painless stools with undigested food; can't bear to be touched. Arsenicum. When they have painful stools of undigested food. The child grows thinner every day. Diarrhoea Belladonna is the remedy if the child sleeps very much, is dull, drowsy and uneasy; every time the diaper is changed there are pieces of 117. green stool on it. Chamomilla. Diarrhoeic discharges either watery or greenish, or like beaten up eggs_ chopped stools Rheum. The children are always straining, even in their sleep- turn themselves over & strain-. strain at stool. The stools mays be natural, green, or sour. The child smells sour. Ipecac. When there's fermented or putrid stools, or stools of a variety of colors; or watery stools. Dulcamara. Diarrhoea resulting from a cool change in the weather. Bryonia. Diarrhoea when the weather gets warmer than usual. Antimonium crud. White tongue and frequent watery evacuations. Arsenicum. The child is thin, emaciated & looks pale and white; the stools contain undigested food. Calcarea carb. Head perspires very much the child is much emaciated. Sulphur is the remedy for a red anus after every evacuation. Earache and discharge from the ear. Pulsatilla. If they are constantly pulling at their ears; worse in the evening. Chamomilla. When they suffer a great deal, and can't bear the ear touched. Sulphur. The ear discharges frequently and the child seems better while it continues; when the discharge stops the pains return. Calcarea carb. Constant discharge. Temperament 118 Temperament leuco-phlegmatic with open fontanells. Causticum. When there is a delicacy about the child. Erysipelas of Infants. This complaint often begins at the genital organs and spreads over the buttocks, &c. Pulsatilla is the first and best remedy. Belladonna. When the erysipelas is general and is of a very red, scarlet color. Rhus tox is indicated in vesicular erysipelas. Rhus tox affects the surface- Rhus rad acts deeper and simulates phegmanous erysipelas. Arsenicum. Dry, parchment like appearance of the skin, -very dark- child weak and delicate. Bryonia. The erysipelas begins at the toes and spreads over the whole body. Excoriations or Intertrigo Often caused by improper nursing- a child should never be powdered- Dry the skin well after washing. Carbo veg. When the parts are very raw. There seems to be a disposition to produce a raw place wherever the skin folds. Chamomilla. If the excoriated parts are inflamed and the inflammation extends into the skin beyond. The child can't bear to have it touched. Lycopodium. The excoriations are disposed to crack and bleed; they smell offensive; the child screams just before passing water. 119. Mercurius. Always worse at night. Sulphur. Pimples over the body and itching. Hepar s.c. When there are little pimples on each side of the raw surface. Inflammation of the eyes. Cause- Exposure to strong light or to cold. Aconite is the remedy if the whole eye is red and inflamed and run a good deal. Belladonna. The whole sclerotica is charged with blood; bleeding from the edges of the lids. Chamomilla.- The lids seem to be most affected the eyes are very sensitive and always closed in the morning. Euphrasia When there is much lachrymation, the eyes [cross out] "swimming in tears." Rhus tox. The lids seems to be only affected, There are slight cracks in the external canthus. Hepar sulph. Pimples around the eye. Useful if the baby has a mercurial faint Mercurius. Eyelids swollen, almost closed; the inside of the eye is filled with pus. Sulphur is the remedy if there is a great deal of itching in the eye and about the body generally. Nux vomica. The eyes are always worse in the morning. Arsenicum. The lids are swollen and look dark. Herpes circinnatus. Sepia in the highest potencies is the best remedy for ringworm. Calcarea and Silicea are also important remedies for this complaint 120. Rhus tox. When there is an ersyipelatous inflammation. Hepar sulph. When distinct pimples keep in advance of the rings. Arsenicum. A distinct smooth ring causing the hair to fall off- dry, scurfy eruption. Barytia carb. This remedy is suitable for dwarfish kind of children. Clematis. When a miliary eruption keep in advance of the spot. Natrum muriat., staphysagria, & Tabacum are sometimes of use. Incontinence of Urine. A child should not have incontinence of urine after it is twelve or fifteen months old. Silicea will answer more frequently than any other remedy, especially when the children are slim_ Causticum if they are better developed. Cina-. They rub the nose and grind the teeth. Phosphoric acid. When they pass an enormous quantity of pale urine. Rhus tox., and Belladonna are sometimes useful. Retention of Urine Some children will not pass water after they have been born sometime- they are restless- cry and manifest a great deal of distress- In such cases Aconite is the most important remedy. Pulsatilla may be given if you fail to relieve with the use of Aconitum. It is more particularly indicated by loose slimy stools, &c - 121. Nux vomica. If costive We need scarcely ever use more than these three remedies. Inflammation of Labia. Mercurius is the best remedy_ next Lachesis then Belladonna Sometimes there will be a leucorrhoeal discharge- Calcarea will then remove the whole trouble. The parts should be kept clean; a leucorrhoea is often produced by a filthy condition of the parts. Lockjaw of Infants. Arnica. If it result from a bruise or fall. From punctures Ledum. Belladonna. The first symptom will be the inability of the child to swallow. The abdomen very much enlarged. Mercurius. When the child salivates a good deal the cervical glands are swollen, the urine offensive, staining the diaper. Lachesis. When it results from bad milk. Chamomilla. If there is a real chamomilla diarrhoea. The child ought to get rid of the meconium by the 4th or 5th day. When it still continues and the nurse complains that the stool have not changed, give Mercurius first followed by Nux, sometimes Ipecac or Lachesis. Regurgitation of Milk Ipecac. When the child is evidently surfeited with milk, or if the child should be fed too much 122. Nux vom. Constipation, or frequent small stools. Phosphorus. When there is no perceptible cause, the milk pours out pump-like. Silica When the cause is constitutional; the child is delicate Calcarea carb. Large fontanelles, open sutures, sweaty head &c. Prolapsus Ani Ignatia suits more cases than any other remedy. The bowel comes down at the first desire for stool. Nux vom. Constipation; the rectum falls after the stool Podophyllum. Stools all natural, but the bowels are moved often; frequent but natural stool with descent of the rectum. Morning diarrhoea Mercurius. The anus comes down very bloody particularly if it bleeds, or if painful. Ruta. When the prolapsus comes on in consequence of diarrhoea or dysentery. Arnica When produced by, or comes down while walking. Apis mel. Whitish red swelling around the Anus; pains in the parts causing the child to jump. Calcarea is useful in chronic cases. Deformities Sulphur. When they result from a want of proper development. Calcarea In those calcareous states.- large heads, open fontanelles, breast bones stick out a great deal. Crooked legs in children have been caused to grow straight from the use of calcarea carb., 123. Sometimes Silica when the child is slim and delicate also calcarea phos. We sometimes meet with children who so disposed to fall down, that they acquire the name of "tumblers". Calcarea is the remedy for those cases. Warts. Warts may be removed by Sulphur when they itch a good deal. Calcarea, Rhus., Dulcamara, & Lycopodium, are important remedies. When we have pedunculated warts don't tie a string around them, but rather give Thuja, Sepia or Nitric acid. Horny warts require Antimonium crud. more particularly. When we discover that the mother has had the itch, which was driven away by external remedies, give the chils Psonicum. Moles often disappear after vaccinating the child. Cyanosis. Lawn cerasus is the choice remedy. Calcarea, Suphur, Digitalis, and Arsenicum are also useful. Hernia Sulphur. When the condition of the child constitutionally indicates sulphur. Nux vomica. If there is a great deal of colic. Chamonilla When the characteristic diarrhoea 124. of Chamomilla is present, and as persistent as though it were a part of the hernia. Silicea. Delicate constitutions; slim development Veratrum. Constantly cold extremities. Sniffles or coryza. Sambucus is the most useful remedy Nux vom. Child always worse in the morning. Chamomilla. The child is cross and fretful; hoarse cough Carlo veg. In cases similar to chamomilla Dulcamara. The least change of air to cold brings on the sniffles. Calcarea phos Perfectly dry coryza; the child can't breathe through the nose & dry nose. Jaundice. Chamomilla. When it comes on from a cold Mecrurius. Salivation, or slimy, bloody, stools with tenesmus Nux vomica If there is constipation. Cholera Infantum This complaint may be avoided by properly caring for the babes. Don't keep a child out late at night An infant should be put to bed at 6 or 7 O' clock. If Hygiene is properly attended to the child will not be likely to have Summer complaint. Antimonium crud. Tongue very white; gags a good deal & coughs; offensive slimy stools without tenesmus. Arsenicum. Cold extremities; intense thirst; drinks often and little at a time; stools offensive 125. whitish, or brown; emaciation; aggravation from eating or drinking. Bryonia. When the attack is developed from the heat of the weather; vomits its food immediately after taking it. Carbo-veg. May be thought of when Bryonia fails. Dulcamara is useful when resulting from a change of the weather from warm to cold or when it is brought on by drinking cold water while warm. Ipecac. Vomiting of food; bilious diarrhoea. Mercurius. Bowels always worse before midnight: good deal of perspiration; disgust for food, so great that the sight of it turns the childs stomach- can't bear the sight of food. Nux vomica The indications for this remedy are similar to those mentioned under Ipecac. Veratrum. Vomiting and diarrhoea followed by great prostration. The least motion aggravates the symptoms; vomiting after taking the least quantity of a liquid. want everything cold; small involuntary evacuations. Belladonna. Vomiting of acid, watery fluid and mucus, and mucus stools. Chamomilla Green and slimy diarrhoea Not a particle of food must be allowed the child as there is a great danger of bringing on a relapse. Perlupis- Whooping cough Aconitum. When the cough is dry. The child grasps at the throat every time it coughs. Belladonna. The face becomes very red with every paroxysm of coughing; the eyes are congested. the eyeballs look like clots of blood; yellow ulcer on the tip of the tongue 126. and around the mouth on the outside. Belladonna is important in the congested or inflamed condition of the brain which sometimes results from whooping cough. Conium. Cough worse in the night; slight expectoration of a bloody mucus. Scrofulous subjects. Dulcamara. Cough excited by cold damp weather; every cold spell makes it worse. Pulsatilla. The cough is loose from the beginning; vomiting of mucous Ipecac. The spells of coughing come on so rapidly that the child is hardly able to get its breath, and becomes blue in the face. Hepar sulphur. Cough with a croupy sound; loose ralting in the bronchial tubes Nux vomica, When the cough is hard and dry requiring much coughing to raise anything, nux is suitable. When coughing they put their hands to their heads; cough worse in the morning; constipation Mercurius. The child has a distince coughing spell, then begins and has another- a kind of double paroxysm. Bleedings from the nose and mouth. Drosera. The child is perfectly well except from midnight till morning during which time it has terrific coughing spells. May have nose bleed. Often has a tremendous fever after 12 O Clock PM Arnica. Coughing spells announced by tears & crying Corrallia rub. Spasmodic cough in strong paroxysm If this remedy does not break up the cough entirely it leaves only a catarrhal cough which is cured by Chilidonium. Veratrum alb. Every coughing spell is followed by great exhaustion. Cold sweat on the forehead. Cuprum is the remedy when the child coughs itself into a cataleptic fit: those is a great deal of mucus in the chest Cina Child picks its nose a great deal, coughs itself into a rigid state ("as stiff as a picker") and after the spell of 127. coughing there is a gurgling sound going from the throat downward. Lachesis. Much debility; worse after sleep. Causticum. Child will be getting better when the improvement stops and comes to a stand still. The cough is dry. Arsenicum. Great debility and coldness of the surface. Carbo veg. When there is more blueness than whiteness (Arsen has more whiteness) under similar circumstances. Sulpher. The child often has a relapse. This also indicates calcarea carb. Bryonia. The child coughs immediately after eating and drinking, and vomits what has been taken. Eating or drinking aggravates the symptoms. Ferrum. The child vomits in an hour or so after eating. Chamomilla. Vomits while eating. Wheezeing in the breast; ill-natured cross. Iodine. Cough induced by a sensation of tickling through out the whole chest. (This is an important remedy in consumption when we find the symptom above mentioned.) Use of the paroxysm is preceeded by a sense of anxiety. Lactuca vir. In cases similar to Iodine. Lovelia inf. When there is an athsmatic condition developed by the whooping cough. Paroxysms of cough with athsma and ropy mucous expectoration. Squill Lachrymatien, coryza, and ratling of mucous in the chest with frequent sneezing. Kali carb. Sacculated swelling of the upper eyelids Silicea. Norm symptoms not covered by cina. Fever at night child delicate. Hyoscyamus. The cough is worse when lying down better when sitting up. Suphur When the child seems to want to cough but can't. appears to choke. The cough won't come out distinctly Tartar emet The chest is filled with mucus the lungs seem choked up with it. Coccus cati Coughing spells terminated by spitting up great quantities of ropy mucus Mephitis The cough is violent and attended with a spasmodic condition. Fevers. In fevers of childhood, either continued or remittant give a single remedy and after waiting twenty four hours if there is any improvement dont repeat the medicine Aconitum If the fever is purely synochal in its character. Belladonna. The aggravation is distinctly in the afternoon: the skin is dry and imparts a burning sensation to the hand. The child lays in a sleepy condition and there is some cerebral irritation. Tartat emetic. There is a drowsy condition, nausea and vomiting: drinks often and but little at a time (it is like Arsen in this respect, but has not the restlessness of Ars); red itching rash on the body of the child. Or when the fever is in consequence of a metastasis. Bryonia. Child cannot sit up: if it sits up for a little while it gets pale and has to be lie down again it feels a nausea and faintness if it sits up. Tongue and lips dry. Cetecynth. When the child lies in bed with the legs drawn up to the abdomen. Chamomilla. One red cheek and one pale one. Mercurius. Green slimy stools with a good deal of salivation: profuse perspiration giving no relief: urine strong and offensive. Nux vomica. Aggravation of the complaint particularly in the morning from three to four O' clock. Also from fever from being over fed 129. Pulsatilla. Fever without thirst: urine scanty: vomiting of mucus: stools changable no two alike: nightly diarrhoea; the child is continually pulling or boring in its ears; or it is very changeable well one hour, sick the next. Arnica. Involuntary stools and urine; especially in a dew typhoid state. Arsenicum. Very great restlessness; thirst drinks but little but often: the child is easily exhausted and always worse the last part of the night: undigested putrid and painful stool. Lachesis The patient always awakens in distress and thrusts it tongue far out. Sulphur Bowels loose: the anus is red after each evacuation: skin pimpley Calcarca carb. Sweaty head: open fontanelles; child large, fair, and plump: fever of a continued type China off. The symptoms are intermitting, worse every other day; stools very copious, painless, and undigested. Ipecac. Much nausea: very dark stools like tar. Veratrum. Great exhaustion after every stool; cold sweat on the forehead. Lycopodium. Great distress before passing water; red sand in the diaper which has been met with the urine: much rumbling in the abdomen. Phosphorus. Painless diarrhoea pouring out like water from a hydrant or when there is vomiting in the same manner. Silicca. The joints are swollen and tender or in [m???] fevers. Hepar sulph has the swelling of the knee joints which in not tender. Apis mel. Whitish red spots over the body of the child; fever without thirst. Cuprum. Spasms always beginning on the extremities This is one of the best of remedies in diseases of it brain during teething. 130 Helleborers niger. Brown urine or brown sediment in the urine. Cina When the fevers come and go continually the child is very peevish, wants a variety of things and when it gets them, will throw them away: milky urine; picks the nose or bores in it a great deal. The fever may last only all night and the child appear pretty well the next day. Opium. Fever with stools in black balls. Sambucus. If there is a great deal of perspiration. Aloes. When the child passes much mucus from the rectum. Bromine. When there is a great deal of ratling in the larynx. Podephyllum. Diarrhoea, with the fever, which is worse in the morning. Intermittent Fever Calcarea carb. When the chill comes in about twelve O'clock. The child may be very much swollen at the pit of stomach, and have a sweaty head. Capsicum. The indication for the remedy is the chill beginning in the back and hence spreading over the whole body. Ipecac. When there is much nausea and vomiting. Cina. The child picks its nose a great deal and is worse at night. After the paroxysm it is extremely hungry. Arnica. The chills come on in the evening. Nux vomica. The chill comes on in the morning, with constipation. Veratrum. Diarrhoea with every paroxysm. Arsenicum. No well marked chill the child only seem to be cold. China Sulph. Intolerable ringing in the ears preceding the paroxysm. 131. China off. The abdomen bleated and tympanitic. Hard ague cakes, in the liver and spleen: Natrum Mur. Ulcer about the mouth, or in the corners of the mouth ("we need not take any questions if we see such a condition."). Much thirst before the chill: fever every other day: can't sleep the night preceding the chill. Lachesis. Spasms with every paroxysm. Pulsatilla. Thirstlessness during [with] all the stages. Ignatia Thirst only while shivering. Opium. The child will sleep during the hot stage, then a hot perspiration will follow. Cantharis. When the child wants to pass water every minute or so during the paroxysm also where there is dysuria with screaming, this remedy is indicated. Sulphur When the Int. Fev follows repercussion of some eruption. Chamomilla. During the fever, there is one red cheek and one pale. Never give a remedy during the paroxysm. Vaccination. The best time to vaccinate infants is the fourth week. The safest plan is to revaccinate once every seven years for at least three times. Diseases of Females Inflammation and threatened Abscess of the Breasts of Nursing Females. Aconite. She takes cold suddenly has cold chills_ followed by high fever- a real synochal fever. Bryonia is the most frequently indicated remedy Its medications are a sense of weight like a stone its breasts inflammation pale in color, & may be painful; the breasts smell and become hard every time they get cold. Belladonna is the remedy of the breasts are very much inflamed the inflammation in streaks, radiating from the nipple; sensation of largeness of the breasts Mercurius. When the breasts are hard painful and erysipelatous. Rhus toxicodenron. Next to Mercury in there cases described under that remedy. If you are undecided which to choose, give mercury first, and, that not succeeding, Rhus afterward. Phosphorus- Stitching pains through the breasts or if the stitching pains come on after the case has been in progress sometime. Hepar sulph. When an abscess threatens- there may be a formation of pus Graphites. When the inflammation sits in around old eschars and nodes caused by [a] previous lancings. Never forget to give Graphites when you find old nodes and eschars in the breasts of females. Silicea. Fistulous ulcers; ulcers discharging serum; hectic cough and night sweats. Sulphur. In abscess when there is a great quantity of [cross out] pus discharged. Phosphorus. Deep constantly flowing ulcers, the pus green 133 and the edges [illegible] thick and [Via??ned] Crohn ligtium Pain running from the nipple through to the shoulder blade every time the baby draws at the breast Prolapeus Uteri Belladonna. When there is a pressure downwards as if the genitals would be forced out. Suppression of the stool and urine. Calcarea carb. Sense of heaviness and painful but in the limbs: she can't walk far without becoming very tired; menses too often and too profuse. Nux vomica. Lifting brings on the trouble- Is very important in chronic cases if there's a cough; sense of constipation about hypochondrium. Prolapsus uteri has a great many sympathies the stomach, chest, [and] &c Sepia. In feeble, delicate females with tender skin; shooting pain in the region of the neck of the uterus. The female must always cross her legs, as she steps, to keep the organs in; sense of weight in the anus as of a ball there. Arnica. Prolapsus resulting from a fall. Sicule cornutum. is one of the most important medicines for prolapsus uteri in the mat. Med. A single dose will act a long time. Its indications are bearing down, and forcing pain in the hypogastrium- this is one continued pressing down, without letting up. Suitable for weakly, cachetic constitutions. Aurum. Great dejection of spirits; suicidial tendency; great sense of heaviness in the abdomen with cold hands and feet. Platinum. Vulva very sensitive, constipation of difficult lumps; pain from small of back into groins. Conium If the neck of uterus is inderrated; intermittent flow of the urine; great deal of vertigo. Murex perpurens Lucerrhoea with great despondency 134. The despondency seems to be connected with the leucorrhoeal discharge, if it grows more the despondency grows morse. Creasote. Much exhausting ichorous leucorrhoea; particularly of the leucorrhoea intermits- gets better and then worse. Carbo animalis. Faint empty feeling at the pit of stomach; offensive leucorrhoeal discharge. Mercurrus Swelling of the labia and soreness in the groins; the inguinal glands may be swollen. Sulphur. The patient can't walk straight, goes partly bent forwards; sense of weight and heaviness in the abdomen Stannum. Great weakness in the chest when talking Prolapsus is in direct sympathy with pulmonary and gastric affections. Kali carb. Piles with prolapsus; the passage large and difficult to evacuate; seems to tear her anus open; discharge of blood after the evacuation has let down afterward. Podophylum. Numbness and aching the region of the ovaries, sensation of emptiness in the abdomen after stool. Sometimes the vagina will become prolapsed so as to form a ring about the external organs. Mercury is the most frequently used remedy for this complaint. also Nux vomica & Ignatia. When occurring after an injury Arnica. We may judge she has a prolapsus of the Vagina if she says she feels better after having connection. Metritis Inflammation of the Uterus, May be acute or chronic in its character. The acute form is attended with more or less fever. Nux vomica is more successful in effecting a cure than any other remedy because we often find constipation and difficulty of urination in connection with it. Belladonna is next in importance. Bryonia may be given if the patients can't stop. 135 Ovaritis Inflamation of the ovary. Symptom- Pain and tenderness in the ovary; fever and chilliness. The sufferings are usually on one side. Sometimes the ovary will be enlarged. Nux vomica, if it is developed from the use of alcohol or from high seasoned, stimulating diet. China. If from debilitating causes or the abuse of the sexual enjoyment. Should china fail staphysagria or Phosphoric acid. Bryonia When the patient cant move without aggravating the pain. Rhus tox is important when motion relieves Conium. Enlargement and hardness of the ovary with gastric disturbance- or with acrid, white slimy leucorrhoea. Lachesis. When the left ovary is affected. Cantharis. Ovarian difficulties with symptoms of nymphomania and dysuria. Platinum is the remedy when there is nymphomania without dysuria. Also itching deep in the vagina; hysterical. If the ovaries have ulcerated. Lachesis and the other remedies failing we may finish up the case with Platinum Arsenicum. Excessive movement of the feet from the pain in the ovary. (Lincum has fidgety feet but not on account of the sufferings) The Arsenic patient moves his feet because it seems to relieve him Colocynthus. Burning tensive pain in the ovary; spasmodic colicky pain in the hypogastrium. Belladonna. Lancinating pain in the ovary. Ignatia. When Inflam of Ovary comes on in consequence of disappointed love. Staphysagria and Phosphoric acid may also be indicated in such cases. Graphites. When there is a chronic inflamation enlargement and firmness in the ovary with tenderness to touch Apes mel Grantis with stinging pain 136 Ovarian Dropsy. begins usually in one of the Graafian vesicles. In diseases so much to distend the whole abdomen enormously. It may be distinguished by always beginning on one side, mostly the left, and increasing from that side. Apes Mel. Stinging pains are the characteristics of this remedy. Sulphur, Iodium, Arsenicum, Phos. Acid, Sepia, Platinum, Graphites, Dulcamara, Cantharides, Mercurius, Staphysagria, Camalis, Cocculus ind., Hepar sulph., Nux vom., Bryonia, Lachesis, Lycopodium, Kali Carb., Silicea, Etc., Ulceration of the neck and os of the Uterus Belladonna Platinum. Stinging pain, vulva very sensitive, lumpy constipation. Sepia. Sense of heat and shooting pain in the region of neck of the uterus: constipation and sense of weight in the anus, cold hands and feet. Clematis, Lachesis, Conium. Creasote when there is an ichorous, bloody discharge. Aresenicum, Sulphur, Cocculus ind., chamomila, Iodine, Graphites, Nitric ac., Hueya if we discover any syphilitic taint about the patient. Nitric acid. If we find any mercurial taint. Salvia. Pain running from the sacrum to the pubes Mercurius. Swelling of the inguinal glands and labia. Muriate Mag. The stool crumbles as soon as it comes to the verge of the anus. Staphysagria, Carbo veg, Cicuta vix, utenium, Rhus Tox., Phosphorus, and Silicea. 137 Fistula in ani. This complaint occurs more frequently in women than in men it also happens in children. It may be known by the great dread to have the bowels moved; the pain experienced during and after the passage of the stool. The pain is or may be pricking tearing darting &c differing from piles in its greater intensity. There is often a great discharge of blood. Remedes Nat. ac., Ignat., Kali carb. stand first in order Nitric acid is more frequently indicated than an other remedy Its symptoms are shooting pains in the rectum before stool and spasmodic contraction of the anus afterward. Ignatia. Lancinating pains darting high up the anus particularly after stool. Kali carbonica. Stool large and difficult as it passes it seems to tear her open; she is so exhausted after stool that she must go to bed. In the 2nd rank we have Plumbum, Arsenicum, Sulphur, Lachesis, Natrum Mur., Phosphorus, and Sepia. Arsenecum When the burning is intolerable- burns like fire Nutrum Mur. Ulcers with exhaustion 3rd Class. Caustecum, Silicea, Nux vom., Thuya, Jalacum, Gratula, Mezerean. Caisticum. Can't walk particularly after stool, walking aggravates the sufferings. Silicea. Sensation as though the part was cut with a knife. Thuya is important if there is a syphilitic faint in the system. Carcinoma Uteri. This disease occurs usually between the ages of thirty and fifty. The first indication most always noticed of the woman is yet menstruating; is some alteration of the menstrual function. she has more pain; & there are irregularity, or after the menses have stopped, there will be a leucorrhoeal discharge. If the woman is past the menstrual & not we generally find a lerrconhocal discharge. Haemorrhages will 138. occur and the constitution eventually gives out. Belladonna When there is a pressing down in the vagina; the patient con't stand. Platinum Thick black blood escapes from the vagina: the vulva is very sensitive and there are spasmodic shooting pains. Conium. Stinging pain in the region of the diseased organ with gastric symptoms like those attending pregnancy. Creasote. Offensive ichorous discharge, with weakness and chilliness. Graphites. Violent lancinating stitches through the uterus into the thighs. Carbo animalis. Putrid discharge from the uterus. Empty gone feeling at the pit of stomach Arsenicum. Intense burning like fire in the diseased organ, worse after midnight, great amority and thirst, foetid odor of the discharge. Thuya. Cauliflower excressences which bleed easily and emit an offensive purgent odor. Iodine. When the case is attended with a profuse and long lasting flow of blood. When Syphilis is at the base of the trouble Mercury, Thuja, Nitric acid, and Staphisagria are especially indicated. Aurum. Depression of spirits which lead one to think of committing suicide. China off. When the disease appears to have developed from some debilitating cause. Climates erecta. Much corrosive leucorrhoea and lancinating pain. Lachesis. The trouble had developed on account of the change of life (critical age). It is a bad sign of a woman to have a discharge of blood after the menses have ceased- it usually forbodes some disease. Lycopodeum. Great dryness in the vagina cutting pain across the [abdomen] 139. Sepia. When there are shootings from the womb to the umbilicous with a sensation of heat; pains in the perineum. Silicea. Bloody, putrid discharge from the vagina. Sulphur. Burning, itching, and profuse discharge. Magnes. muriat. Stools which crumble when they come to the verge of the anus. Crocus. Stringy, bloody discharge: burning in the abdomen and stomach. (Euphrasea Cancerous depeneration of the right side of nose.) Cancer of the Breasts. Cancer of the breasts usually begins at a small point & in a lobule which becomes inducted- the skin seems to have grown fast to the induration this is one of the best signs. The induration increases in size, spreads, cracks and an exudation takes place. the sore soon grows larger and we have a regular cancerous ulcer. The disease often arises from bruises or other injuries. Conium is one of the best remedies where such a cause has risted. Repeat the dose but seldom. The particular indication for this remedy is a stinging pain in the induration. Phosphorus. When the induration is very much inflamed this remedy is characterised by a stitching pain, made more in the open air. Creasote. The whole breast is hard, of a bluish red color with little elevations or protuberances on the surface of the breast these protuberances are covered over with a scale which being removed, they will bleed. Lachesis Bluish red or dark red base to the ulcer covered with black streaks of blood. Belladonna When we notice red streaks to radiate over the breast from the part affected. Arsenicum. Burning pain like fire; putrid ulcers; great exhaustion; emaciation. Hepar sulph. When the ulcer or induration is surrounded by little [ulcer] Carbo animalis. Induration in the mamma; empty gone feeling at the pit of stomach. Graphites. The induration seems to arise from old cicatrices. A constitutional improvement will be the first manifestation of a cure. Engorgement of the Breasts Often arises in consequence of taking cold. Bryonia and Belladonna are then particularly indicated Sometimes it will come on in consequence of suppressed menstruation. The remedy will then be probably found in the following group viz: Pulsatilla, Bryonia, Conium; Sulphur, and Lycopodium. Milky or Buttery Tumors. These tumors are caused by the milk escaping between the lobules Belladonna, Bryonia or Mercury will cause absorption. If they remain a long time they become encysted and buttery tumors will be the result. For this kind of tumor Calcarea Carb., Graphites, Sulphur, Baryta carb., Hepar Sulp Calc., and Nitric acid are important. Cysts of various kinds occur in the mammae, as serous, sanquineous &c. Sems cysts. Prinicipal remedies are Pulsatilla, Graphites, Rhus tox, Sulphur, Silicea, Arnica, Lycopodium, Nux v. Sero-mucus generally result from an injury. Arnica Conium, Sulphur, and Lachesis. Liponia or Fatty tumors are the results of an hypertrophy of the adipose matter. Remedies: Baryta carb., Calcerea carb., Iodium, Antimonium, Sulphur, Lycopr., Abumina 141. Nodes in the Mammae The most important remedies are Graphites, Conium, Chamomilla, Carbo aminalis, Clematio, Silicea, Baryta, Bryonia, and Sulphur. Polypus Uteri is more sore than carcinoma uteri, recurring between the ages of 40 about 30 yrs. They are apt to ulcerate in process of time; seldom give any pain, but usually attended with a good deal of haemorrhage. Calcarea cabbonica is the remedy for the majority of cases of this complaint. Next to calcarea carbonica in order stand Conium, Phosphorus, and Staphysagria. 3rd. Aurum, Hepar Sulpharis, Lycopodium, Mercurius, Mezerum, Sepia, Silicia, Thuja. 4th. Belladonna, Gratiola, Natrune muriaticurm, Nitn acidum, Phos. acid. and Sulph. acid. Hysteralgia or Irritable Uterus is of various grades, and is always attended with more or less pain, tenderness, disorders of menstruation &c. It may occur at any time between puberty and 45 years The most important remedies are Causticum- The patient is all the time trying to belch wind, but can't succeed-worse after taking least nourishment, or if she tightens her dress-feels better in the warmth. Phosphorus- Sensation of heat rushing from feet to head Cocculus Ind.- Great oppression of chest- feels as if a large stone were lying on the sternum. Good 142 deal of sighing and moaning. Pains running through from stomach to back; fainting; nausea. Conium- Uterine cramps with digging in the vulva; stitching pain extend from the uterus to the right side of the chest. Irresistable desire to touch something Plumbum- Sensation as if a sting were drawing from abdomen to back. Ignatia- Much sighing; taking long breaths; sensation of goneness at the pit of the stomach. Magnesia Muriat.- When the pain extends from the uterus down the thighs. Constipation; stool crumbling 143   So         Thomas H. Smith No 941 North 12th Street Philadelphia   Lafayette Lo. Brush.   child and the os pubis, and it should be pushed upward perservering by in the intervals of pain. Unless this is done, and the head relieved from its retarding influence, we may have a tedius & painful labor." 4 When the os rigid & contracted in the first stage of labor & turned towards the rectum instead of downward & forwards first influence the patient gently with chloroform in the following manner.- Pour a little chloroform into a teacup, & hold the edge of the cup to the lower lip of the patient- bringing the open vesel a little over the mouth, but not so as to prevent the free ingres of air both into the mouth & nose:- a nurse can manage this while you watch it effect. Now introduce the forefinger into the rigid os uteri, & while the patient is under the influence of the chloroform, gently dilate the part by very quickly during each pain, pulling the anterior lip toward the pubis-" "To suppress or arrest the secretion of milk ꝶ Glycerine ℥i} Instead of Belladonna Ag. Bub ℥iv} Tincture of Aconite may Tinc Bell ʒii-U} be used, or one draw of Iodide of Potash. Moisten a flannel with a saturated solution of Camphor in Glycerine, and apply it over the breast. This will often check the secretion of milk very quickly. If the breasts are "Caked" with impending abscess to warm decoction of one ounce of the root of Plytolaca decandro to the quart of water." There is a condition of the ovaries which frequently occurs after manual labor or abortions in which Conium & Kali-Brom are very serviceable It is an engorged or inflammatory state accompanied by extreme pain, sometimes of a lancinating, at others of a pressing spasmodic character: externally the ovary may be felt through the parietes, swollen and sensitive. A vaginal examination discloses a tumor pressing the uterus & vagina from its normal position. Painful urination is a frequent and consistant symptom The prompt use of Conim internally & externally & used as a vaginal injection will subdue the disease in a very short time. The Kali Brown- Has been used by me in similar cases of more chronic & obstinate character with good results. I usually give one grain of the 1st Trituration every 2 or 3 hours (North Amer Jour of [Homeo??]) [illegible] according to Dr. E.M Hale will relax rigid muscular fibres with much nine certanity than any other Drug. May be given with much benefit in rigidity of the os. in Five drop doses repeated a few times very often during the progress of an otherwise natural labor, the anterior lip will be found tumefied & wedged in between the head of the Rodophyllin. We have a pretty good knowing off this agent, yet it is not generally used. Like Aloes & Nux Vomica, its action is upon the nerves, vessells mucous membrane of the rectum, and a reflex action, upon the other pelvic viscera. It causes dysentery, haemorrhoids, prolopsus ani & uteri, conjunction of the uterus, premature menses and abortion. It seems also to cause a great deal of ovarian irritation Cimicifuga racinosa. Macrotin. Possesses great curative powers over diseases of the female generative organs. In all severe uterine ailments it is the great "shut anchor" of the elealis school. Its profound action upon muscular, fibrous, & nervous tissues give it a great range; in rheumatic, neuralgic, spasmodic, & even inflammatory conditions of the uterus it is rivalled but by few amll I have used it in such afflictions, as well as in hysteria, dysmenorrhoea, congested cervix-uteri, and prolapsus, with happy effect. In suppression of the lochia it is the most absolute specific, In the so called spinal irritation of females it is important Vis N. Amer. Jour. of Homoe of 1860 about & its treat For pruritus or apetae of vagina use injections of tincture of Crolophyllerum, weak dilution of Ammonia, of Borax & morphine solution (migo prescription ꝶ Borax ℥p) ay, Rosae ℥vj) Murp sulph gri vj ♏︎.) Ulceration of the os. The patient use of arsenicum and Neacrotica, with daily injection of weak Calendula water, or Chlorate of Potash, or a dilution of tincture of Hydratus conad Aletri-farinosa- Aletrin- This remedy has been known to cause abortion and premature profuse menses. The blood discharge is generally black & crapulated; the pains are pressing, distensive with a great heaviness in the uterine region. It is homeopathic to congested & engorged state of the womb & ovaries; to atonic conditions of the organs & the ligaments of the uterus. It has cured many cases of premature & profuse menstruation and prolapsus uteri, & has prevented many threatened abortions. Caulphylleum_ Caulopbyllin_ It has caused abortion and premature and scanty menses, with some spasmodic pains; it is more homeopathic to spasmodic, irritate, and neuralgic conditions of the womb them to congestion, It is useful in aphthous inflammation of the vagina and os; to false pain preceeding labor, dysmenorrhoea, after pain, prolapsus & rheumatismus uteri. In slow labor with feeble pains it is better than Ergot. Hydrastus-Cauadenti. Hydrastin. This is one of the most valuable among all on indigenous remedies. It must resembles China & Iron in its effects upon enfeebled muscular tissue But it is [af??] mucous membranes [?t?l] its action in the most noticeable- it causes congestion inflammation, with unhealthy ulcerations. King says: "when taken in very large doses, I have known decoction of Lu Golden-seal to produce to produce excessive secretion from the mucous surface of the mouth and nose, so much so that the secretions were removed by the patients in long tenacious shreds or pieces." And this is its effect upon all the mucus surface, yet they (the [??lectiods]) use it successfully in similiar [blenorrh???]! It has cured bad leuocorrhoea with discharge of yellow tenaciun mucous, or ulceration of the vagina & uteri with discharge of foetid excoriating pus. If analogues are Kali, Biesehar, Sulhharour, Iodine, & Kali Tehloreum   when she [is about to] wants to pass water has pain in meatus & has to wait some time- feels as if she wanted to have her bowels moved menstruation delaying 5 to 6 weeks- Discharge normal has leucorrhoea - discharge white or creamy When she dumps her pain in small of back after [s??eney] which [cross out] extends around to [cross out] to [g??tne] region cold feet & legs up to knee cold sweat on them- when she is about to go to sleep warm flashes pass down her body- starting from epigastrium- bowels rem continue- [illegible] Has an aching pain in small of back when she menstrates has a terrible aching about region of uterus extend down Friday morning Dr Sheet I wish you would send me some medicine for the girls, when they have their courses, they suffer so much pain, are so very free about eight-days, as bad the last day as the first; the pain is almost like the cramp colic, Mother says you would releive the pain if I would tell you, so please send me something for them. M.C. Gilman Reproduction is essentially a phenomena or rather a function of life and the manner in which it takes place is varied as we ascend or descend the scale of organ sized [cross out] beings. In plants which constitute the lowest order of the organic kingdom and also among those animals that nearly resemble plants reproduction is simply a multiplication and occurs in two ways- viz Tusaparous or by division_ and Gemiparous or budding- As we advance in the scale we find a many the higher tribes of Animals the True Generative forces- which consists in the union of the contents if two dissimilar cells. The "sperm cell" & the "germ cell". In order to effect a union of the "sperm" with the "germ cell" the concurrence of two different systems of genital organs, which are set apart for the formation of these two kinds of cells, is indispensible Neither the Male nor the female is endowed with the independent power of reproduction_ Page 44 By- Offin first mouthful loss of appettie [cross out] with dry month dry parched lip- can't bear to move- Calc C. Luraphley not eaten the opium cold damp feet- Never sleep after 3 Am- Vertigo going up stairs-[cross out] Chen-- Remark persist & [perp?e] cant give any civil answer-- If not- [cross out] When She is free of inward grief inclined to keep things to herself- Empty gone feeling of pit of stomach Lycp-Feel fever up to [illegible] [illegible] Neay-[illegible][illegible] [illegible][illegible] This- Receive [cross out] [illegible]- [illegible] of weakness across the abdomen [?uls]- Very [o????] [illegible] in morning [?ulss]- Flashes of heat [illegible] if head- Always more let H & 12- my wakeful thought thight cold futher [Vr?] in to be of feet right walk- (when [illegible] feet not phor) [Medi???] [tre????] it is 1 The treatment of abortions solves itself into & includes the means to prevent its occurrence When it threatens and when on the contrary it is inevitable to accomplish as speedily as possible. The complete removal of the entire contents of the uterus- Under the first division a consideration of the various causes which produce the accident will be of prime necessity in conducting a [cross out] successful treatment, [Aurtar] the causes of abortion are numerous and both of a fewer & [??ewd] nature- If must be well to consider them in relation to this further that- division- As malformation of the pelvis, accidental injuries and the disease and disfigurement [of] to which the uterus 2 is liable, and the various morbid conditions of the ovum & placenta leading to the death of the foetus are among the chief direct local causes of abortion- it will be need [illegible] & bear there point well in mind and apply, & one such therapeutic means at our disposal & connect them [cross out] the several causes [cross out] embrace all three state of the system which are apt to excercise a more or less direct influence upon the progress of also [illegible] sudden [sh???], mental emotion & impression upon its nervous system, Eruptive fevers & acute inflamnatry [a???] have all been known to produce abortion Syphilis is known to be a frequent cause of the death of the foetus 3 undoubtly there must be [??morr] cause a predisposing cause as may they trivial in themselves excite the accident in some women while in others tea [cross out] pregnant uterus remains unaffected by the [pare???] injuries It is in [cross out] [cross out] gradiating this the tendency to abortion that many brilliant results have been a tamed by proper [H????] [illegible]- I [re???d] may cases of this kind by experiences The few remarks I shall open on this subject will be cheifly in answer the proposition- What is to be done in cases of acute abortion in progress & the subsequent treatment of the accident- The subject naturally divides it self into prevention. The means of relief & [m???] in can pretation in impossible, & the susbsequent management- It would be under to enter onto any elaborate definition here of what abortion is- It is sufficient to apply the term to any case in which pregnancy is terminated before the foetus is [na??] of which then is little or no [illegible] before the 28th week Women who have aborted more than once are peculiarly liable to recurrance of the accident This can generally be traced to the existance of some predisposing cause which persists through several pregnancies- Syphilis, glixint placements of med & morbid state of the Mucus membrane - a an irritabe condition [in????]- Abortion-1 Incatment of Premature Expulsion of foetus are [sw??] of} great frequency} rarely directly fatal put induce of the part} debitity from proper} loss of blood and is one of the most prolific causes of uterine disease{ in after life because{ of carelessness of women{ Abortion is usually defined} to be the [cross out] expulsion} of ovum before the end of 4th month of utero gestation) Is best applied take can in which the pregnancy she} [illegible] alive before foetus viable} [diretr??] I continued [cross out] to look for the suitable remedy until the Woman per so rapid [??haui??] that she never round- (The Haemmhage which is often very profuse & [cross out] persistent and (constitutes one of the gravest symptoms (of the accident If the pregnancy [cross out] be early it c pobuble that the entre ovum will be shed with little trouble and often passes unperceived in the clots which surround it. After the 2nd month the rigid & undilated cervix presents a formidable obstacle to the escape of the ovum and it may be a considerable term before there is sufficient dilatation to admit of it [pass??] Note found between pp.42-43 of original J.G. Streets manuscript 2 up to end of time month} Ovum generaly coat of [??miss]} & the effort comparatively easy -} after the placenta has formed from 3d to 6 months} amnia general rupture} Foetus is expell by [illegible]} & placenta generaly shed} [e????] no in [indi???y]} labors- From the [f?????] of placenta} wherein of the [pe??] the} [sece?ding] are retains} Lcas first risk from} Hammorhage of [t????]} Abortions are rarely directly fatal. I do not remember to have lost but one case and that was when I was fresh from college & from the mischerns teaching of a [illegible] thing-[cross out] [illegible] [illegible] was_ The [cross out] surtaba Hern [serv??] more by sufficent at joinly in penned with the [conec??] of them 1 May 23-Was called in haste about 2 PM. too see Mrs Ellasticher- about 6 or 7 months pregnant- for the first time- Found her [cross out]in bed surrounded by several of the neighboring woman- She was making a Moaning Noise/ turning violently from one side of the bed & the other- this state of things continued for several minutes after my arrival_ She became quiet fixed her eyeballs began to twitch the eyelids to draw the corner of the mouth towards the right side- [??ed] the eye & head in same direction opened her Mouth wide & breathed with a series of spasmodic in [s??ing] movements accompanied with a brassy ring of the sand [in???nat] finally the jaws became fixed lightly together & every muscle of the body apparently [cross out] was thrown into a state of clinic spasm- the features became dusty & the saliva ejected from the mouth mixed with blood from the wounded tongue_ the breathing hissing & finally this condition after lasting a minute or terr [cross out] paned off by a relaxation of the muscle & the patient lapsed into a comatose condition with stenterus breathing- [I??w] inquiry into the circumstance of the case I was informed that she has been about the house as well as unable in the morning- had partaken of a light lunch about twelve shortly afterward told her sister that she had a pain in her hand & would go upstairs & lie down- her sister had gone as to [su??] the was feeling about and over from the anscion- [cross out] & the wash bowl containing some bilious looking matter she had vomited She had been trouble with an unappeaseable [abbe??t??] for some days & two or three days previously [had] her face & hands had been noticed to be much swelled_ Reopening the case as [illegible] I prepared our Bell it as water & as I am as the breathing had become regular enough to admit of its administration I gave her a teaspoonful- In a few minutes she became again [xti???] the restlessness continuing for about 15 minutes when she suddenly became quiet & had a [illegible] qunince of the [a????] [illegible] above described- But ever administered after each attack which occurred at intervals 4 about 25 or 30 minutes_ until 4 PM. When I sent for assistance- Hydrocy ac & [chl??] The convulsion growing harder with The same & [otente???] & hissing breathing & turgid of the features mont more decided- We gave be a few drop if off- Hydad diluted 1/2 Meth [ala???] in 1/3 tumblerful of water- Also gave her an injection which was follow by a copious movement from the Bowels- the [a????] having already been expelled involuntary the [con??] in [outi???] to recur about in the same order but increasing strength an examination of the uterus seveabe an os sufficiently dilated to make out a breech presentation but no contractions a drachm of chloroform mus at about 1/2 five o'Clock thrown up into the rectum with a 1/2 teacupful of milk- The convulsion following was lighter & nearly an hour elapsed before the occurrence of another. Which 2 Was about the same in intensity with the others & form thus time they seemed to the rather increased in frequency 3 or 4 in the the hour- about 2 O'Clock an attempt was made for same time to dilate the womb sufficeantly to induce labor with the finger but must out any decided effort about midnight Hger Mr [admin??te]- The condition of the patient was now frightful during the short interval she med remain with teh [cross out] swollen finger protruding an inch more from the Mouth blowing the pretty saliva a foot with a stentorus hissing [exb??raty] & [cross out] lind in [ober???tion] toward day break she became unable swallow- the aurvuls two on a double paroxysm she would afferents get over an attack but instead of closing her eyes [cross out] she would remain with them widely staring & soon another attack of convulsive movement would begin after which she would lapse into the apopleptic stupor for a while about 4 o'clock she began her head training her arms to her head & then bringing them down to the side again [ou?stants] in the internal between the [illegible]-chlorform [illegible][illegible] to the more & the caustious inhalation permittes- this had the effort to quiet her & [illegible] [illegible] with same difficulty- about 1/2 part the arms [illegible] together_the internal by increased & [illegible] 1/2 part eight one of the afterwards hearing a good sound called my attention to it when it found that she had miscarried- the membranes remaining irrituab_ the placenta one [illegible] without difficulty- she had two [ci???] afterwards = In the after noon she still remained in sofer at of mar administered = during the night her sleep was intermittent with restlessness May 25- 9 am [cross out] Patient restless with vacant look- yet she made show of consciousness when I entered the room & I thought recognised= me = made effort to protrude tongue when I requested but of pulse 120 soon lapsed into stupor it often she recognized her husband & been conscious since memory gone. When I called this afternoon (4 PM) She said "I did not know mother had [illegible] to [illegible]"- 10 P.M Drew off about a qt of urine- she has not passed any for 24 hour- said she felt better- complained of much aching all over May 26 10 am pulse 128 hand & feet over cheeks flushed & hot, slept [illegible] during night, waking frequently however & complained of aching in limbs & head & of the tongue Which in spite of effort to guard against it mended sererely= very thing [te??ae] disfaced to be dry slighty coated tenderness over [?iters]- painful to touch- noticed a white dif cheritic looking patch of an [illegible] near mentor_ acw 5 AM, Pulse 128- general bent of body= does not remember that I saw her before today had a slight movement of bowels had to draw off urine [Su???de] discharge often [illegible] 3 [May 27- Pulse 132- Respiration 52 skin hot, tongue inclined to be dry- abdomen tender, lochial discharge offensive, wants cold water constantly asks for food & takes it, sleep heavy- temperature 103°- Ver V- 10 am Bladder still paralysed- drew off water today- 10 PM Pulse & temperature breathing about same tongue not so dry- has had 3 or 4 small brownish watery movements from bowels- Thirst excessive- aura & v, V- (May 28- 15 AM Pulse 132- Respirat 44 Temp 102.5- Pulse not free nor strong- tongue moist slightly coated with whitish fur- not quite so thirsty- takes chicken broth_ [illegible] rational complains of aching pain in face of [cross out] pain when breathing around the upper part of abdomen_ Walls of abdomen are soft & [gi??] about pressure on uterus which is toward the right side causes pain- she can not lie afar right side but lays on her left on a back with legs extended- Cerupenes [illegible] out of hot water & [dr???er] with oiled sila have been left on abdomen Luchial discharge continues whiteish & fetid- sleep during night nor good, procured 4 stools during the past 12 hours which were brownish & watery- a slight perspiration observed on her this morning 10 PM- complains mine of the soreness in abdomen draw of be urine which though not so offensive as in morning state, smells badly- like urine that has been standing in a open vessel for a day or more- This morning the point of the catheter for 1/2 inch blackened by urine- [?are Bell & V.V- (May 29- warm (Pure 120- Resp_ 44- Temperature with taken_ Hands & feet cool_ Excepting 2 hours. slept tolerably more- during the two hours she was quite restless & complains of the [illegible] abdom also of the feeling of weight & pressure in pelvis- Had one large loose yellow movement this morning- the first since yesterday morning- rumbling in bowels bubus [mel??oim] lochia whitish & fetid- no action of blood- renamed about point or more of urine Bell & VV L. [illegible] Pulse 140- Temp 104.5 mine restless complains Note found between pp.68-69 of original J.G. Streets manuscript much of [?erenum] in abdomen when [illegible]- can lie in no position comfortably except on left side with knees flexed- no metecrion & no excurine tenderness on pressure in abdomen yet she says it makes her feel sick all on when I pressed there [a??] [illegible] 10 PM. Pulse 140- Temp 102.5- complains of feeling hot get [cross out] apparent temperature to [illegible] not good place flushes at time chan & [A???] (May 30 wau Pul. 132. Temp. 102.5. Resp 42 Tongue coated at sides with creamy fur not dry- Had one large yellow stool at 6 AM only one for 24 hours- slept better last night than night before can never lie back & does not feel to [??ve]_ 5 PM Puls 32. Temp 102.5 Rest 40 has not been as thirsty to day & can lie on right side 10 PM Pulse 132 Temp 102 Res 40 lies on right side comfortably The [jea??] for Administrat of [cha???] [cross out] feeling of heat while her hands & feet felt cool to observant also a tendency to a flushing of one cheek- May 30- 10 am Pulse 132 Temp 102.5 Resturat 42- Tongue- coated at sides with creamy fur not dry Had one large yellow movement at 6 AM the any one for 24 hours Still rather better last night stay might before can lie on her back better- & does not feel so sore- 5 PM Pul 132 Tempature 102.5 Respirat 40- can lie on her back not so thirsty- 10 PM Puls 132 Temp 102 Resf 40 Lies on right side comfortably May 31- Puls 132- Respirat 38 - T. 103. Slept well during night has tendency to cold hands & feet with a red cheek & complain of feeling very hot- Wha as the mum says she dont feel a bit [illegible] no movement of bowels no action of bladder White offensive lochia - drink cold milk- chan racor May 31- Pulse [illegible] Ref 44- Temp 103 complain of sharp pain behind sternum hurting been when she breaths & as she says makes her restless - had 3 large yellow movements of about 3 PM in quick sucessive [sta???] talks thick & cant think or say what the desing to - says her throat & tongue is dry although it seems moist covered with whitish fur, has also a dry short cough Bryonia- P.S. She also said she had a ringing a her ears while I sat by her this aftn 4 PM Pain in chest worse - sharp & stiching immediately behind & to left of sternum, rapid breathing, restlessness faint feeling - ringing in ears Patient seems almost exhausted- for two or three day her later here than two qts of milk a day meals 3 qts [Ans?] & milk punch [illegible] Puls 136 Resp 56_ Temp 100.5 7 movement of [cross out] yellow colour large small & offensive- 5 PM Pulse 140- Resp 56- Temp 102, has has no movements [??er] morning 10 PM - Puls 180 Resp 48- [Refer?] lying on back The wide extremity of the Fallopian tube, accordingly, which is her [de???] toward the ovary, is lined with ciliated epithelium, & the movement of the cilia, which is directed from the ovary toward the uterus, [mod??es] a kind of [illegible], [illegible] or watery, by which the egg is necessary drawn toward the [?a?uv] portion of the tube & subsequently downwards into the cavity of the uterus- The egg immediately upon in discharge from the ovary, is ready for impregnation. If sexual intercourse happen to take place about that time, the egg & the spermatic fluid meet in some part of the female generative [cross out] passages & Lucomdatiar is accomplished. If on the other hand coition do not take place, the egg passes down to the uterus unimpregnated, loses it vitality after a short time, & is finaly carried away with the uterine secretions. 179 neuralgic Tumor Develop from cold perhaps- great deal of pain more at Menstrual period- Cot fig Athis Graph Cham Acn Shig Mene Arm-Bry-Jerat good deal of pain- a going to bed wont let her sleep- Nuve Coe had Pals Tine-Pho Arvs in breast Grap cen-Ahum-Cart an Clemat-[illegible] Bay to Bry & such- Polypi Uteri More rare than cancer Btween 30 & 40- pre quarter in the maine of women Apt to ulcerate in process time- Seldom any pain usually great deal of Haemorrhage_ 5 vanit 1st resilculern 2 Sarermatous or of a cancer our nature- 3rd grangula or cauliflower 4th fungus 180 Bleeds easily- 5 the fibrous which are the most common Calc C- [S?i?] the most cases- Next Calc one Cimem Phrs- [Stahhi???] again Arurum- [f??]- Lycit Murc-Mbez-Sep-Silc- shrya-[cross out] Beci-grap phosac-Sulph ac Moles or Hydatids [illegible]- Sanguious & Lymphatic prigmatr from the death of foetus- Also former sometimes when the menstrual fluid is retained In such case as Lattes-till ac-Phosacstrimtiamn Lymphat kinds are cared more freely- By sulph ac & beware In the expuls if the thisty- & Hydatid Puls-Secali& Sabrin-Sepcamth- Calc-Silic-Bell-Kali 181 Hyster aligiar_or An Inifable uteus of various grades- More is more an pain [lind?ness]-diserden menstration &c- may occur at any time between puberty & 45 years Cant all time trying to [?elel] mind but can't succeed more after that least movement if she tightens her dress feels better in the moment Dress- unthing head from feet to heart cvc Ind- great oppress of chest- Feels as if a large stone were lyeing in sternum- Good deal of griping & moaning pains running [u???] from stomach to back Fainting nausea [illegible]_ Uterine cramps with digging in the vulva- stitching pain extends from the uterus to right side of the chest. Feels she must touch something 182 [Pl??] Sensat is a storing mere drawn from abdom to back. Ign-Much [S???ing] taking long breath peg sense of menus at pit of stomach May Mun- When pain extend down the thighs from the uterus- [constit????] large crumbly stool [illegible] [Patu??] usually worse in the morning- Bell- clutching pain in the Hypogastrium Bry- Sense of pressure & fumes at the pit of the stomach Cham When the uteri or cramps are attended with a pulling sensat down to the thighs She can't sieze any thing with the hand Myes- When the Uterine cramps seem to pull from the 183 small of the back Nat Mon-Uterine cramps with burning & cutting in the [p???] [illegible]- Uterine cramps with pain from Sacrum to Pubes Sep- When the Uterus felt to if is moved [me???] she crosses her legs to keep it in- empty gone pulling at the pit of stomach Darting at the neck of the uterus [Stemr??]- She can't talk or sing because it makes her weak in her chest Vay-Fisheter Of various kind- [illegible] vay fisture- [illegible] [illegible] Puls-futie-Lycy-Calc Lulful the most [illegilbe]-Nagt- Nitre-er-Mya-Petrol- Caus-Sep-Lach-Phos- Note found between pp.142-143 of original J.G. Streets manuscript 184 When called upon to prescribe a patient our great aim should be to cure him Large swell about the knee If not sensitive is comes by Hep If very sensitive & tender Silieca 177 Bell-When red streaks radiate over the breast from the part affect Ars Burning pains like fire- putrid ulcer- great exhaust- emaciat Helpful- When the ulcer in Indirect is surrounded by little ulcers- Cam Amindy- [Indur???] empty gone feeling at pit of stomach Graph- Indurat's [se??] to arrive from old cicatrices A constitutional improve will be the 1st manifest of an improvement- [E???ment] of Biceste in [illegible] of taking cold Bry-Beli Sometimes [illegible] of not [men???] Puls-Bry-Conum-Sulp- Lyoup- Milky or buttery tumors churned by milk [E??up] between [illegible] not harmful [be??mat] Bell By merc wine 178 cause absorption If these tumors remain a long time & become encysted with become a [B???] turn Calc Grap Sulp-Bay C Hep-Nil ac Cysts- Of various kinds serious segrumenrs &c serous kind- Buls-Grap Rhm Yulh-Sili-Arm Lycop-Nun Sero Mucus- generally sult pain are injury Arm-Core-Sulp-Lich Lipoma or Fatty tumor the result of a Hydatid why of [av???] what Bring calc-iod-Auti Sulp-Lyart-Atumina Hypertrophy of [Parench??] of breast- usual confined to one breast Calc of at More-Armt grs Sycop-